the yellow-faced parrot ( alipiopsitta xanthops ) , formerly also known as the yellow-faced amazon , is the only species of the genus alipiopsitta .

it is a neotropical parrot ( tribe arini ) , and was classified in the genus amazona for many years .

it is a predominantly green and yellow-plumaged bird with a yellow head .

it is a semi-nomadic species found in the cerrado region of brazil and adjacent bolivia .

as the yellow-faced parrot has disappeared from parts of its former range due to habitat destruction and generally occurs in low densities , it was considered vulnerable by the iucn , but it remains locally fairly common , occurs in several protected areas and can survive in fragmented habitats , leading to its downlisting to near-threatened .

yellow - faced parrot

please note : the yellow - faced amazon is also sometimes referred to as yellow - faced parrot . they are not related to this poicephalus parrot .
the yellow - fronted parrot or yellow - faced parrot ( poicephalus flavifrons ) is endemic to africa , specifically northern and central ethiopia . the yellow - faced parrot is endangered in its natural habitat ( cites ii ) .
reproductive behavior of the yellow - crowned parrot ( amazona ochrocephala ) in western panama .
english : yellow - faced parrot . . . dutch : geelmaskerpapegaai . . . german : gelbstirnmohrenkopfpapagei . . . french : perroquet à front jaune
information on the yellow - faced amazon is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
yellow - faced parrots average 11 . 2 inches or 28 cm in length . the general plumage is mostly green .
project and progress : from 2002 to 2004 the world parrot trust supported marc boussekey and colleagues in ethiopia in preliminary and follow - up studies to gain more ecological and population information about the yellow - faced parrot . the team aimed to :
© by peter wilton ( yellow - fronted parrot ) [ cc by 2 . 0 ] , via wikimedia commons
26 . 5 cm . green - and - yellow parrot . pale green above . yellow crown , lores and cheeks . rest of head yellow , broadly scaled green . greenish - yellow underparts scaled green . yellow patches with orange mottling on sides of belly . white periocular . distinctive bill with mostly dark maxilla and yellowish mandible . immature is greener and has more restricted yellow on head .
the monotypic alipiopsitta xanthops , the yellow - faced parrot , is the only species of the genus alipiopsitta , which is part of the parrot family . this parrot is found in central brazil , from maranhão south to northern paraguay and eastern bolivia . [ 2 ] [ 4 ] this semi - nomadic parrot is found at the cerrado in low numbers and is declining or has already disappeared in large areas of its former range . [ 1 ]
this species is sometimes referred to as yellow - faced amazon , but recent research indicates that this species is much closer related to the short - tailed parrot ( graydidascalus brachyurus ) and to the members of the genus pionus . their personality is supposed to be comparable to the pionus parrot as well .
reproductive parameters and productivity of the yellow - shouldered parrot ( amazona barbadensis ) on margarita island , venezuela : a long - term study .
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the yellow - fronted parrot ( poicephalus flavifrons ) is at risk from the loss of its juniperus , podocarpus and acacia forests to illegal logging .
27 cm . head and neck yellow with green feathering on nape and upper breast ; lower breast and belly orange - red , with some yellow ; belly yellow ; thighs and vent grass green ; . . .
breeding biology of the reverse - dichromatic , co - operative parrot , eclectus roratus .
: scientific : poicephalus flavifrons aurantiiceps . . . english : orange - faced parrot . . . dutch : oranjemaskerpapegaai . . . german : orangestirnpapagei . . . french : perroquet à fronte orang
caparroz , r . and j . m . b . duarte ( 2004 ) chromosomal similarity between the scaly - headed parrot ( pionus maximiliani ) , the short - tailed parrot ( graydidascalus brachyurus ) and the yellow - faced amazon ( salvatoria xanthops ) ( psittaciformes : aves ) : a cytotaxonomic analysis . gen . mol . biol . 27 : 522 - 528 .
immatures have less yellow on head and abdomen , and their irises are dark .
green morph : both adults green in colour , the feathers widely edged darker green ; yellow forehead and crown to around eyes and cheeks ; yellow / orange ear coverts ; deep orange sides of breast to flanks and axillary feathers ; green tail with orange / red at base . bill dull yellow with grey along ridge of upper mandible ; pink / red cere . eye ring white . eye yellow . yellow morph : male - head and neck entirely yellow ; yellow / orange ear coverts ; green upper breast washed with yellow , the feathers widely edged with darker green ; dark yellow lower breast and upper abdomen , becoming orange / red on sides of breast to flanks , axillaries and inner lesser underwing coverts ; yellow / green tail with red at base ; pink / red cere and unfeathered lores . female - yellow / green lower breast and upper abdomen , the feathers widely edged darker green .
the yellow - faced parrot is a rare species . we worked with these species for over twenty years but , sadly , we sold the collection to another breeder in 2010 . there are very few bloodlines of them in the united states . the chicks make wonderful pets with a good ability to mimic and have personalities somewhat like pionus parrots but with a bit more of
amazon parrot personality
. for many years , they were classified scientifically in the genus amazona . there is evidence in the dna of the yellow - faced parrot that they have characteristics of both pionus and amazon parrots and the species has now been reclassified into a separate monotypic genus , alipiopsitta .
species : scientific : amazona xanthops . . . english : yellow - faced amazon , yellow - bellied amazon . . . dutch : geelbuikamazone , geelgezichtamazone . . . german : gelbbauchamazone , gelbgesichtamazone . . . french : amazone à ventre jaune . . . cites ii - endangered species
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the taxonomy of the yellow - crowned amazon ( amazona ochrocephala complex ) is disputed , with some authorities listing only a single species ( a . ochrocephala ) , and others splitting it into as many as three species ( a . ochrocephala , a . auropalliata and a . oratrix ) . the yellow - faced parrot , alipiopsitta xanthops , was traditionally placed within the amazon parrot genus , but recent research has shown that it is more closely related to the short - tailed parrot and species from the genus pionus ; as a result , it has been transferred to the monotypic genus alipiopsitta .
factors influencing nest spacing of a secondary cavity - nesting parrot : habitat heterogeneity and proximity of conspecifics .
listen to exciting podcast interviews with parrot specialists from around the world , many available for wpt members only .
amazon parrots include : cuban , yellow - billed , hispaniolan , puerto rican , yellow - lored , white - fronted , black - billed , tucuman , red - spectacled , red - crowned , lilac - crowned , red - lored , blue - cheeked , red - browed , red - tailed , festive , yellow - shouldered , blue - fronted , yellow - crowned , yellow - naped , yellow - headed , kawall’s , orange - winged , scaly - naped , mealy , vinaceous , st . lucia , red - necked , st . vincent , imperial , and others .
the semi - nomadic yellow - faced parrot ( alipiopsitta xanthops , previously amazona xanthops / salvatoria xanthops ) is found in eastern and central brazil and occasionally in the adjacent bolivia . their preferred habitat includes semi - arid scrubland habitats with low trees ( cerrado ) . their numbers are declining and they have alreadydisappeared in large areas of its former range .
) . factors influencing nest spacing of a secondary cavity - nesting parrot : habitat heterogeneity and proximity of conspecifics .
the yellow - faced parrot is a stocky , enigmatic parrot of savanna habitats from eastern brazil south to eastern bolivia and northern paraguay . sometimes placed in the genus amazona , it has generally been placed in its own genus by recent authors . it resembles a small amazona in structure , and is green overall with a yellow - orange face and lower belly . it feeds on fruits and seeds , including introduced mangoes ( mangifera indica ) , and nests in a cavity in a large tree . they are semi - nomadic , and habitat destruction in much of their range is a conservation concern .
the only things that vaguely fit this description to me are glossy black cockatoos or yellow - tailed black cockatoos .
ytbcs don ' t really fit the description well at all except for a patch of yellow on the head .
according to research , in behaviour , appearance and chromosome type this species is not a typical amazon ; further studies indicated that it should be classified in another genus . the yellow - faced amazon also has two colour phases , one of which is male - linked .
we think the chicks behave and sound more like pionus chicks than amazon chicks . they hatch with bright yellow down !
glossies are more of a faded black and could look grey ( if you squint ) , with partly yellow heads .
i sighted a sole parrot in bunyaville conservation park , north of brisbane , and am at a loss what it might have been .
the other possibility is an aviary escapee like an african grey parrot , but i don ' t know much about non - native birds .
green morph : duller than adults , with yellow confined to forehead , forecrown and area around eyes to ear coverts ; rest of head green ; green underparts , the feathers widely edged darker green . eye brown . yellow morph : as in adult female but duller , with yellow confined to forehead , crown , and area around eyes to cheeks ; rest of head green . eye brown .
the forehead , crown and upper cheeks are yellow . the breast , abdomen , thighs and under tail - coverts are yellowish - green . in some females , the thighs and the bend of the wing has yellow markings . the lower back is pale green .
i have
budgerigar
it is a very cute parrot . it is the very nice bird for the house and my child is loving him .
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previously , it was placed within the genus amazona under the name yellow - faced amazon . recent research showed that this species is much closer related to the short - tailed parrot ( graydidascalus brachyurus ) and to the members of the genus pionus . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] in 2006 , the genus name salvatoria was changed to alipiopsitta as it was a junior homonym of a genus salvatoria mcintosh , 1885 , a genus of exogonin syllid polychaetes . [ 2 ]
orange - faced parrots - poicephalus flavifrons aurantiiceps - range : southwest ethiopia ; however , many consider this racial segregation as invalid , which would make the nominate species monotypic ( only one species ) .
cites lexicon of parrots birdlife international internet bird collection parrots : a guide to parrots of the world , juniper and parr , 1998 ml collection catalogue 170771 , yellow - faced parrot aliopsitta xanthops , filadelfo , thiago , brazil , oct . 19 2012 , cornell lab of ornithology site parrots : status survey and conservation plan 2000 - 2004 , snyder , mcgowan , gilardi , grajal , 2000 . parrots of the world , forshaw and cooper , 1977 . 2010 edition parrots of the world , forshaw , 2006 . parrots in aviculture , low , 1992 .
outcomes : the team addressed specific questions about the percentage of area occupied by the birds , their approximate decline over time , and other statistics . although it is thought that the yellow - fronted parrot has a small distribution more knowledge is required before their conservation status can be determined with any confidence , and realistic and effective conservation measures can be proposed .
these parrots average 10 . 5 ins ( 27 cm ) in length . their plumage is mostly green , edged with dark green . the forehead , lores ( the regions between the eyes and bill on the side of a bird ' s head ) , crown and ear - coverts are variably yellow , some older birds have entire head and abdomen yellow to orange ; edge of wing yellowish - green . front of forehead in many birds bare with plucked appearance . the tail is green with greenish - yellow tips ; outer tail feathers with broad orange - red band . the bill is horn - colored with black base and their irises are yellow . the feet are greyish - flesh color and their cere pink .
collar , n . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . yellow - faced amazon ( alipiopsitta xanthops ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
russello , m . a . & amato , g ( 2004 ) a molecular phylogeny of amazona : implications for neotropical parrot biogeography , taxonomy , and conservation . mol . phylogenet . evol . 30 : 421 - 437 .
ecology : the yellow - fronted parrot ( poicephalus flavifrons ) is found from 1800 - 3000m ( 5904 - 9840 ft ) in juniperus and podocarpus forests . they are also found in woodlands in cultivated plateau country and in gallery forest in acacia savanna . they consume buds , seeds and fruits and vegetables , some cultivated . birds are generally found in pairs , small groups or flocks up to 20 , often with black - winged lovebirds ( agapornis taranta ) .
amazon parrots require a diet high in natural beta carotenes . we recommend a fresh natural diet for new world parrots . root vegetables such as carrots , beets , and sweet potatoes are important additions to the diet . please do not feed new world parrots a processed pelleted food as the basis of their diet . pellets do not contain the phytonutrients that whole fresh foods have . sprouted seeds and grains are also recommended . this beautiful adult is one of our former breeders . we bred the yellow - faced parrot to the third generation in captivity . our breeders were very calm in the aviary and this species was one of our favorites ! many of the domestic breeders were semi - tame with our ranch manager , and some of them talked . book recommendations on amazon parrots from urltoken
its back and wings were a pale grey similar to a galah . as far as i can remember its underside was the same grey . its face however was pale yellow . in appearance and size it looked like a galah , but may have been slightly smaller . i didn ' t discern a crest .
history : the yellow - fronted parrot ( poicephalus flavifrons ) is at risk from loss of suitable habitat in a number of areas ( y . dellelegn in litt . 2012 , boussekey et al . 2002 , 2004 , m . boussekey in litt . 2012 ) but data on the extent of their decline is lacking . local extinctions have reportedly occured in a number of areas . their basic ecology was studied by marc boussekey and colleagues in the early 2000s in the south and west areas of ethiopia . no information exists yet from northern areas . declines in population have been recorded in bale national park and wondo genet ( y . dellelegn in litt . 2012 ) . more robust flocks of fifty parrots or more can still be found where suitable habitat remains intact ( m . wondafrash 2012 in litt . 2012 ) .
this species is classified as near threatened because its population is suspected to be declining moderately rapidly owing to habitat loss .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : alipiopsitta xanthops . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
( forshaw and cooper 1989 ) , but there is no confirmed evidence of its presence ( hayes 1995 ) . it is occasionally locally common ( sick 1993
) , but mainly occurs at low densities and is now absent in many parts of its former range .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' uncommon ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) . trend justification : a moderately rapid and on - going population decline is suspected owing to habitat loss .
. it is a generalist and its diet consists of flowers , fruit and seeds ( bianchi 2009 ) . food species include
is also eaten ( bianchi 2009 ) . birds have been observed feeding opportunistically on termites ( bianchi 2009 ) . however , the semi - nomadism of the species suggests that it depends on unpredictable food resources . breeding takes place between may and october in emas national park ( bianchi 2009 ) .
. 1996 , parker and willis 1997 ) . caatinga habitats are less threatened , but still suffer conversion to agriculture , grazing and burning . nine wild - caught birds were recorded in international trade in 1991 - 1995
. 1999 ) . collate data on specimen and recent records to provide an improved assessment of distribution and status . estimate the total wild population ( bianchi 2009 ) . assess the impact of habitat loss
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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this species was previously placed in amazona , but various studies indicate that it belongs in its own , monotypic genus # r # r # r # r . monotypic .
interior brazil ( from s maranhão and s piauí s to mato grosso do sul and nw são paulo ) and e bolivia ( ne beni , n santa cruz ) ; reported but unconfirmed in paraguay # r .
a variety of screeches and calls , rather high - pitched . flight call is a repeated , upslurred , . . .
fruits and seeds , notably legumes and anacardaciaea ; very fond of mangoes , frequenting fruiting trees for weeks . it also feeds on a . . .
season may–oct at emas national park , c brazil . nest in holes excavated in termitaria by campo flicker (
birds disappear from distrito federal ( brasília ) , apr–aug . also shows semi - nomadic . . .
not globally threatened . currently considered near threatened , and previously , vulnerable . cites ii . a moderately rapid population decline suspected , due to habitat . . .
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recent reappraisal of higher taxonomy of parrots # r proposed arrangement into three superfamilies , here treated as families ( strigopidae , cacatuidae , psittacidae ) ; same study split psittacidae , as here defined , into three families , with additional recognition of psittrichasidae ( psittrichas to coracopsis , below ) and psittaculidae ( psephotus to micropsitta , below ) ; in present work , separation of these families considered to require further study and perhaps additional support . in the past , present family was often split into two , with recognition of family loriidae ; at the other extreme , it was sometimes considered to include all psittaciformes .
replacement for name salvatoria , which has been shown to be preoccupied # r .
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aviary or suspended enclosure , minimum length 3m ( 9 . 8 ft ) .
fruits such as : apple , orange , banana , pear , pomegranate , cactus fruits , forming about 30 or more percent of the diet ; vegetables such as : carrot , celery , green beans and peas in the pod ; green leaves such as : swiss chard , lettuce , sowthistle , dandelion , chickweed ; spray millet ; fresh corn ; small seed mix such as : millet , canary , and smaller amounts of oats , safflower and a little hemp ; limited sunflower seed ; cooked beans and pulses and boiled maize ; limited cubed hard cheese ; complete kibble .
enjoys bathing , so provide overhead misters or bowls of water ; also is a vigorous chewer so provide bird - safe , unsprayed flowering branches , fir , pine , elder and willow boughs , vegetable tanned leather toys , wooden block toys , and lots of browse and different sized perches .
vertical 10
x 10
x 24
( 25 . 4cm x 25 . 4cm x 61cm ) .
by 1993 two - thirds of the cerrado region where this species is a specialist had been moderately or severely altered by agriculture , heavy cattle ranching , invasive grasses , pesticide use and yearly burning .
interior of e and s brazil , from s piaui and s maranhao south to mato grosso and w sao paulo ; also to n and c bolivia and n paraguay .
found up to 300m ( 984 ft ) in deciduous and semi - arid deciduous woodlands and scrub , mostly cerrado woodlands with mauritia palms ; also drier caatinga scrub along riverways . may also be found around cultivated areas .
seen in pairs and flocks of up to 35 individuals . nests in open area in cerrado trees or tall terrestrial termitaria . movements ( seasonal or nomadic ) poorly known . peak foraging activity occurs in the morning and early afternoon .
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the chicks are adorable at about seven weeks of age . they have unusual vocalizations that have characteristics of both pionus and amazon voices .
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breeding has seldom been achieved in captivity . the basic requirement would be a compatible pair that needs to be isolated during the breeding season due to increased aggression towards other birds during this time ; they also require spacious accommodation and a nest box 25 x 25 x 60 cm ( 10 x 10 x 24 ins ) with entrance 8 cm ( 3 ins ) in diameter .
they tend to be aggressive towards caretakers . the breeding season begins early may . the hen lays 2 to 4 eggs , which she incubates for 26 days . the young fledge when they are about 8 weeks old .
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cites is an international agreement between governments , aimed to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival .
birdlife international ( 2004 ) . amazona xanthops . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . iucn 2006 . retrieved on 11 may 2006 . database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is near threatened
caparroz , r . and j . f . pacheco ( 2006 ) a homonymy in psittacidae : a new name for salvatoria miranda - ribeiro . rev . bras . orn . 14 ( 2 ) : 174 - 175
miranda - ribeiro , a . ( 1920 ) revisão dos psitacídeos brasileiros . rev . mus . paulista 12 : 1 - 82 .
forshaw , joseph m . ; cooper , william t . [ 1973 , 1978 ] ( 1981 ) .
birt , t . p . , v . l . friesen , j . m . green , w . a . montevecchi and w . s . davidson ( 1992 ) cytochrome - b sequence variation among parrots . hereditas 117 : 67 - 72 .
duarte jmb and caparroz r ( 1995 ) cytotaxonomic analysis of brazilian species of the genus amazona ( psittacidae , aves ) and confirmation of the genus salvatoria ( ribeiro , 1920 ) . braz j genet 18 : 623 - 628 .
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the amazon parrots are about 30 species of parrots that comprise the genus amazona . they are native to the new world , ranging from south america to mexico and the caribbean . amazon parrots range in size from medium to large , and have relatively short , rather square tails . they are predominantly green , with accenting colors that are quite vivid in some species .
two extinct species have been postulated , based on limited evidence . they are the martinique amazon ( amazona martinica ) and the guadeloupe amazon ( amazona violacea ) . amazon parrots were described living on guadeloupe by jean - baptiste du tertre in 1667 and by jean - baptiste labat in 1742 , and they were called psittacus violaceus at that time . labat also described amazon parrots living on martinique . there are no specimens or remains of either island population , so their taxonomy may never be fully elucidated . their status as separate species is unproven and they are regarded as hypothetical extinct species .
the periophthalmic ring is blackish and the irises are whitish . the upper beak is brownish - grey and the lower beak is horn - whitish . the feet are brownish - grey .
female almost as male . immatures as adult , but crown and upper cheeks dull yellowish olive - green .
note : subspecies aurantiiceps described by neumann in 1904 from masango area and gila river is not included here as orange forehead , crown and cheeks in description do not occur consistently enough .
the bird definitely was not a cockatiel , for there was no orange ear spot , and no white on the shoulder , and it had the short tail of a galah .
i observed it in the upper branches of gum trees for a few minutes through binoculars .
i can ' t think of anything other than a cockatiel that fits this description well .
the other thing i found in a brief internet search was galah / corella hybrids which i was totally unaware of .
the examples i saw have the grey body of a galah , with a corella ' s head colouring .
my first thought was female gang gang . they fit the shape and grey colour , and if they were sitting up a tree , and sunshine on their faces . . . . . ? what do you think ?
good point , though i ' ve not seen gang - gangs here in brissie at all myself and i don ' t think they are generally seen this far north .
think about some reflection from the sun in her face . . . . ?
any gang gang escapee near brisbane is further evidence against the keeping of caged birds .
i ' m certain i didn ' t see a gang gang . i think timmo is onto something regarding a hybrid galah . i found an image of a galah / citron hybrid ( urltoken ) that is remarkably close to what i saw , except my bird didn ' t have a prominent crest . although there is a flock of corellas in the area , i ' m now thinking the bird was a galah / cockatoo hybrid . bizarre stuff .
there is / was a hybrid galah / corella in featherdale wildlife park in sydney .
i have just spotted a pair of these birds , identical to your description on the sunshine coast in the woodland beside a creek . i ' ve tried to look up what they could be , but no matches on the net or in books .
marc boussekey , birdpark of villars - les - dombes france , yilma abebe dellelegn addis ababa , ethiopia , drs . cathy and frédéric pelsey , renato massa
where found : p . f . flavifrons : highlands of n ethiopia , and areas around addis ababa in c ethiopia . p . f . aurantiiceps : known only from masango area and gilo river , sw ethiopia .
programa de pós - graduação em ecologia , universidade de brasília , brasília , 70253 - 060 , brazil . email : raphaeligor @ urltoken
additional keywords : breeding success , cavity reoccupation , neotropical , nest - site selection , reproduction .
( spix ) 1824 , em fragmentos de cerrado do distrito federal e goiás . m . sc . thesis , universidade estadual de campinas , campinas , brazil .
) . competition , predation and nest niche shifts among tropical cavity nesters : phylogeny and natural history evolution of parrots ( psittaciformes ) and trogons ( trogoniformes ) .
competition , predation and nest niche shifts among tropical cavity nesters : phylogeny and natural history evolution of parrots ( psittaciformes ) and trogons ( trogoniformes ) .
cockle , k . , martin , k . , and wiebe , k . ( 2008
) . availability of cavities for nesting birds in the atlantic forest , argentina .
collar , n . j . ( 1997 ) . family psittacidae ( parrots ) . in ‘handbook of the birds of the world . vol . 4 : sandgrouse to cuckoos’ . ( eds j . del hoyo , a . elliott and j . sargatal . ) pp . 280–479 . ( lynx edicions : barcelona , spain . )
collar , n . j . , crosby , m . j . , and stattersfield , a . j . ( 1994 ) . ‘birds to watch 2 . the world list of threatened birds . ’ ( birdlife international : washington , dc . )
cornelius , c . , cockle , k . , politi , n . , berkunsky , i . , sandoval , l . , ojeda , v . , rivera , l . , hunter , m . , and martin , k . ( 2008
) . cavity nesting birds in neotropical forests : cavities as a potentially limiting resource .
eiten , g . ( 1993 ) . vegetação do cerrado . in ‘cerrado : caracterização , ocupação e perspectives’ . ( ed . m . n . pinto . ) pp . 17 - 73 . ( editora universidade de brasília : brasília . )
garcia , f . i . , and marini , m . a . ( 2006
) . estudo comparativo entre as listas global , nacional e estaduais de aves ameaçadas do brasil .
gibbs , j . p . , hunter , m . l . , and melvin , s . m . ( 1993
) . snag availability and communities of cavity nesting birds in tropical versus temperate forests .
heinsohn , r . , murphy , s . , and legge , s . ( 2003
) . overlap and competition for nest holes among eclectus parrots , palm cockatoos and sulphur - crested cockatoos .
overlap and competition for nest holes among eclectus parrots , palm cockatoos and sulphur - crested cockatoos .
klink , c . a . , and moreira , a . g . ( 2002 ) . past and current human occupation , and land use . in ‘the cerrados of brazil’ . ( eds p . s . oliveira and r . j . marquis . ) pp . 69–90 . ( columbia university press : new york . )
) . effect of old nest material on nest site selection and breeding parameters in secondary hole nesters – a review .
murphy , s . , legge , s . , and heinsohn , r . ( 2003
the breeding biology of palm cockatoos ( probosciger aterrimus ) : a case of a slow life history .
myers , n . , mittermeier , r . a . , mittermeier , c . g . , da fonseca , g . a . b . , and kent , j . ( 2000
oliveira , p . s . , and marquis , r . j . ( eds ) ( 2002 ) . ‘the cerrados of brazil : ecology and natural history of a neotropical savanna . ’ ( columbia university press : new york . )
oliveira - filho , a . t . , and ratter , j . a . ( 2002 ) . vegetation physiognomies and woody flora of the cerrado biome . in ‘the cerrados of brazil’ . ( eds p . s . oliveira and r . j . marquis . ) pp . 69–90 . ( columbia university press : new york . )
r development core team ( 2009 ) . ‘r : a language and environment for statistical computing . ’ ( r foundation for statistical computing : vienna , austria . ) available at
( isoptera , termitidae ) and their role in determining a potential keystone species .
the termitaria of cornitermes cumulans ( isoptera , termitidae ) and their role in determining a potential keystone species .
remsen , j . v . , traylor , m . a . , and parkes , k . c . ( 1986
) . range extensions for some bolivian birds , 2 ( columbidae to rhinocryptidae ) .
climatic variability , nest predation , and reproductive output of lilac - crowned parrots ( amazona finschi ) in tropical dry forest of western mexico .
rodríguez castillo , a . m . , and eberhard , j . r . ( 2006
salinas - melgoza , a . , salinas - melgoza , v . , and renton , k . ( 2009
sick , h . ( 1997 ) . ‘ornitologia brasileira . ’ 2nd edn . ( nova fronteira : rio de janeiro . )
) . clutch size , nesting success , and predation on nests of neotropical birds , reviewed .
snyder , n . f . r . , mcgowan , p . , gilardi , j . , and grajal , a . ( eds . ) ( 2000 ) . ‘parrots . status survey and conservation action plan 2000–2004 . ’ ( information press : oxford , uk . )
white , t . h . , abreu - gonzález , w . , toledo - gonzález , m . , and torres - báez , p . ( 2005
zar , j . h . ( 1999 ) . ‘biostatistical analysis . ’ 4th edn . ( prentice hall : upper saddle river , nj . )
with the complete digital archive of emu now online , we have selected some of the most interesting and significant papers for readers to access freely .
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the giant babax ( babax waddelli ) is a species of bird in the leiothrichidae family .

it is found in india and tibet and threatened by habitat loss .

the binomial name commemorates the british explorer laurence waddell .

giant babax

select an image : 1 . giant babax 2 . giant babax 3 . giant babax > > adult carrying nesting material 4 . giant babax 5 . giant babax 6 . giant babax 7 . giant babax 8 . giant babax 9 . giant babax
information on the giant babax is being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
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the giant babax is classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
[ babax waddelli , syn . : b . waddellii , garrulax waddelli , ianthocincla waddelli ]
giant babaxes breed in may - july . they are cooperative breeders , with helpers assisting the breeding pair in tending the nest and the young . the nest is a rough cup , woven with thick twigs and peeled bark , and placed within a dense scrub , up to 2 m above the ground . there the female lays 2 - 4 eggs , which are incubated for 16 - 18 days . the chicks fledge 16 - 18 days after hatching .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
this species is now scarce within its restricted range , and is thought to be in moderately rapid decline owing to habitat loss and degradation . it is therefore currently listed as near threatened .
. it is generally scarce across this range , although it may be locally common in suitable habitats .
deforestation and habitat degradation are occurring within this species ' s altitudinal range , and a moderately rapid decline is suspected to be occurring in response . however it has recently been suggested that the species is not declining within its range ( x . lu
. 2016 ) , further information is needed to confirm that the population is now stable . the trend is precautionarily treated as declining .
spp . ) , and the edges of coniferous and mixed forests . the species appears to depend on natural vegetation ; using tall bushes and shrubs for both perching and nesting ( lu 2004 ) . records are from 2 , 700 - 4 , 600 m .
this species is presumably declining because of deforestation , although extensive pine and mixed coniferous forests with prickly oak and rhododendron still remain to the east of lhasa . the species ' s preferred perching and nesting sites in tall bushes and shrubs in scrubland may be targeted for removal as fuelwood thus scrub areas near villages may be of poor quality for the species ( lu 2004 ) . the species has completely disappeared in scrub areas around some villages and regeneration of vegetation is very slow under the extreme alpine climate ( lu 2004 ) . loss of suitable tall vegetation may also increase interspecific competition as species with similar nest site requirements , including
conduct repeated surveys within the range to determine current distribution and abundance , as well as assess population trends and rates of habitat loss . conduct ecological studies to improve understanding of its precise habitat requirements , particularly its tolerance of fragmentation and human degradation . protect areas of suitable habitat .
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recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : garrulax waddelli . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
previously published on avocet as av4850 . certainty : 100 % . id determined by : not specifically indicated ; recordist normally sees birds recorded and indicates if any question ; similar to some notes in av 3919 . gps : rough estimate from google earth . habitat : steep scrubby slopes , heavily grazed . chattering calls narration sounds fast
previously published on avocet as av4849 . certainty : 100 % . id determined by : not specifically indicated ; recordist normally sees birds recorded and indicates if any question ; similar to some notes in av 3919 . gps : rough estimate from google earth . habitat : steep scrubby slopes , heavily grazed . chattering calls narration sounds fast
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
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this species is found in southern tibet and marginally across the border into north - eastern sikkim , india .
particularly around stands of willow salix sp . , sea buckthorn hippophae rhamnoides and prickly oak quercus sp . , and the edges of coniferous and mixed forests , at altitudes of 2 . 700 - 4 . 600 m .
this species has a restricted breeding range and the global population is estimated at 120 . 000 individuals . the population is suspected to be declining at a moderately rapid rate , due to deforestation and habitat degradation .