the pig-tailed langur ( simias concolor ) , monotypic in genus simias , is a large old world monkey , endemic to several small islands off the coast of sumatra in indonesia .

its face is black , its fur is blackish-brown and it has a relatively short tail .

it is a diurnal species , feeding in small groups in the rainforest canopy on leaves , and to a lesser extent , fruit and berries .

little is known of its natural history , but it is heavily hunted , its populations have been declining rapidly and the international union for conservation of nature has assessed its conservation status as being " critically endangered " .

it has been included on a list of the world 's 25 most endangered primates .

pig - tailed langur

nowak , r . 1999 . pig - tailed langur . pp . 596 - 597 in
infant parking in the pig - tailed langur ( simias concolor ) . - pubmed - ncbi
this island is in fame for its primates , which include the kloss gibbon , the pig - tailed langur , the mentawai langur , and the mentawai macaque .
fuentes , a . and tenaza , r . r . 1995 . infant parking in the pig - tailed langur (
information on the pig - tailed langur ( simias concolor ) is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the main beneficial impact the pig - tailed langur has on its ecosystem is that it spreads the seeds of many tropical fruit trees .
population and habitat viability analysis for the pig - tailed langur ( simias concolor ) in the mentawai archipelago , w . sumatra , indonesia
the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey weighs about 7 kg ( 15 lb ) .
the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey eats mostly leaves and some fruit and berries .
there is little available information on the ecosystem role of the pig - tailed langur . they may aid in seed dispersal of tropical fruiting trees .
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the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey is primarily arboreal , only descending to the ground when disturbed .
the pig - tailed langur is classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix i of cites ( 2 ) .
sizes for this species , on the islands of simalegu and sinaka , range from 1 to 5 individuals ( tenaza , 1987 ) . the pig - tailed langur is a
the pig - tailed langur is a small primate that is native only to the mentawai islands off the coast of indonesia . they have an average weight of about 17 pounds and are typically just short of 2 feet long , with a short hairless tail . the pig - tailed langur is a blackish brown color with a black face and a snub nose .
the nasal bones of the pig - tailed langur are elongated and the nose is snubbed . the average body mass for an adult male pig - tailed langur is around 8 . 7 kilograms , and it is around 7 . 1 kilograms for females . the hindlimbs and forelimbs of this species are equal in length ( ankel - simons , 2000 ) . this species is
. adult pig - tailed langurs have black faces and small snub - noses . the coat of the dark phase of
glenn , c . r . 2006 .
earth ' s endangered creatures - pig - tailed langur facts
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facts summary : the pig - tailed langur ( simias concolor ) is a species of concern belonging in the species group
mammals
and found in the following area ( s ) : indonesia . this species is also known by the following name ( s ) : pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey .
pig - tailed langur meat is considered a delicacy . these are important members of the ecosystems in which they live , they could contribute to the development of the ecotourism industry in the mentawai islands .
reasons for decline of the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey include hunting for food and habitat loss , mainly due to logging .
( the pig - tailed langur ) is presently found only on the mentawai islands off the west coast of sumatra in indonesia . this species has been eliminated entirely from some islands due to logging and hunting by humans .
the pig - tailed langur is found on the mentawai islands which are off of the west coast of sumatra . the four main islands consist of siberut , sipora , north pagai , and south pagai . this species lives in
forests on hillsides of the interior region of the islands ( tilson , 1977 ) . the pig - tailed langur also lives in fresh - water and brackish - water swamp forest and lowland rainforest ( tenaza , 1989b ) .
subspecies : the pagai island pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey ( s . c . concolor ) and the siberut island pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey ( s . c . siberu ) are classified as critically endangered ( cr ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
choudhury a . 2003 . the pig - tailed macaque macaca nemestrina in india - status and conservation . prim cons 19 : 91 - 8 .
the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey is one of the species that live in the sundaland biodiversity hotspot ( cons . intl . 2005 ) .
to avoid predators , mostly humans , this species will remain motionless in dense foliage , not making a sound ( tilson , 1977 ) . the pig - tailed langur will also drop to the ground and try to flee ( tilson , 1977 ) .
in the past decade the pig - tailed langur has suffered a nearly 90 % population decline all due to human causes . the logging industry has stripped away much of their natural habitat which is causing them to be more easily hunted , which is the second main cause of their population decline . humans are the only pig - tailed langur ' s only predator . there is also speculation that climate change due to co2 emissions is causing their population to decline , because they often dwell on mountain sides .
* * * in 1974 the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey was considered one of the 25 most endangered mammals in the world ( fitter 1974 ) .
oi t . 1990a . population organization of wild pig - tailed macaques ( macaca nemestrina nemestrina ) in west sumatra . primates 31 ( 1 ) : 15 - 31 .
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oi t . 1990b . patterns of dominance and affiliation in wild pig - tailed macaques ( macaca nemestrina nemestrina ) in west sumatra . int j primatol 11 ( 4 ) : 339 - 56 .
caldecott jo . 1986 . an ecological and behavioural study of the pig - tailed macaque . in : szalay fs , editor . contributions to primatology , vol . 21 . basel ( switzerland ) : karger . 259 p .
gron , k . 2008 .
gray langur semnopithecus
( on - line ) . accessed july 28 , 2010 at urltoken .
supriatna j , yanuar a , martarinza , wibisono ht , sinaga r , sidik i , iskcandar s . 1996 . a preliminary survey of long - tailed and pig - tailed macaques ( macaca fascicularis and macaca nemestrina ) in lampung , bengkulu , and jampi provinces , southern sumatera , indonesia . tropic biodiv 3 ( 2 ) : 131 - 40 .
the pig - tailed langur is listed in cites and is protected under indonesian law , but that does not stop hunters from illegally hunting these primates . the siberut national park is where they are most abundant and it lacks enforcement which is why they continue to be hunted . they are also cooperating with logging companies to work out a plan towards a more sustainable logging technique .
carlson , j . 2004 .
hanuman langur semnopithecus entellus
( on - line ) . accessed july 29 , 2010 at urltoken .
pig - tailed langurs are listed as an endangered species under the iucn . the population consists of fewer than 10 , 000 individuals . habitat loss due to logging is the main cause of population decline . hunting is also a major problem , especially in the pagai islands because
oi t . 1996 . sexual behaviour and mating system of the wild pig - tailed macaque in west sumatra . in : fa de , lindburg dg , editors . evolution and ecology of macaque societies . cambridge ( uk ) : cambridge univ pr . p 342 - 68 .
the pig - tailed langur has a monogamous or polygynous mating system . tenaza and fuentes ( 1995 ) suggest that the mating system of this species be called monandry , which they define as
a mating system in which the breeding group consists of 1 adult male and greater than or equal to 1 adult females plus their young , such that the population of breeding groups consists of a mixture of monogamous and polygynous families .
in areas of high densities groups of this species tend to be
when placed in the crown of a tree while their mother forages ( fuentes and tenaza , 1995 ) . the advantages of infant parking are that a female might not have use as much energy when foraging if she would have to carry an infant , and a female might be better able to flee from predators if not having to carry an infant around ( fuentes and tenaza , 1995 ) . the pig - tailed langur has a preference to feed with the right hand when the non - feeding hand is not engaged in any activity ( miller and paciulli , 1998 ) .
( cheney and wrangham , 1987 ) . watanabe ( 1981 ) has suggested that predation , by humans , may force monogamy for the pig - tailed langur . in northern siberut island this species tends to be polygynous , whereas in the rest of the island it is monogamous ( watanabe , 1981 ) . males not found in groups will live solitarily and occupy a territory ( tenaza and fuentes , 1995 ) . when two group males visualize each other they will rapidly approach one another , then stop at about 25 meters ( tilson , 1977 ) . then one male will elicit the
yeager cp . 1996 . feeding ecology of the long - tailed macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) in kalimantan tengah , indonesia . int j primatol 17 ( 1 ) : 51 - 62 .
farid ahsan , m . , m . reza khan . 2006 .
eco - ethology of the common langur semnopithecus entellus ( dufresne ) in
( on - line ) . accessed july 29 , 2010 at urltoken .
as of 1968 the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey had been recorded only from the islands of south pagi , sipora and siberut in the mentawai islands group , off the west coast of sumatra , indonesia . in 1987 it was thought to occur in the mentawai islands on siberut , sipora , pagai utara , pagai seletan , and a small islet near the katurei peninsula , siberut .
1998 . entellus [ = sacred ] langur . pp . 99 to 101 in w beacham , k beetz , eds . beacham ' s guide to international endangered species , vol . 1 , first edition . osprey , florida : beacham publishing corp . .
species , but also consumes fruits and berries . on the island of simalegu this species consumes most frequently the species nibung , an inflorescence plant ( tenaza , 1987 ) . when this species enters a food tree , it will forage in the more densely foliated part of the tree and feed quietly ( tilson , 1977 ) . the pig - tailed langur has feeding peaks in the morning and in the late afternoon ( tilson , 1977 ) . when feeding groups will break up and spread out over an area of up to 90 meters in diameter ( tenaza and fuentes , 1995 ) . females with infants will park their infants in a tree crown while they feed ( fuentes and tenaza , 1995 ) . infants will sometimes
feeroz mm , islam ma , kabir mm . 1994 . food and feeding behaviour of hoolock gibbon ( hylobates hoolock ) , capped langur ( presbytis pileata ) , and pigtailed macaque ( macaca nemestrina ) of lawachara . bangladesh j zool 22 ( 2 ) : 123 - 32 .
langur , general name given to numerous species of asian monkeys belonging to the subfamily colobinae . the term is often restricted to nearly two dozen species of leaf monkeys but is also applied to various other members of the subfamily . leaf monkeys and other langurs are gregarious , diurnal , and basically arboreal monkeys…
the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey weighs about 7 kg ( 15 lb ) . it lives in primary forest , where it is primarily arboreal , only descending to the ground when disturbed . its diet consists mostly of leaves and some fruit and berries . most observed social groups are small ( 3 - 8 monkeys ) . these may be harem groups with more than 1 adult female or a monogamous group consisting of an adult pair and its young . groups containing about 20 individuals have been observed in primary forest . home ranges of 3 . 5 - 20 hectares ( 8 . 8 - 50 acres ) have been observed . ( davies & oates 1994 ) . the pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey has only been recorded from the mentawai islands , off the west coast of sumatra , indonesia . in 1987 it was thought to occur on siberut , sipora , pagai utara , pagai seletan , and a small islet near the katurei peninsula , siberut . reasons for its decline include hunting for food and habitat loss , mainly due to logging .
( hanuman langur ) spans from kashmir in north india and the himalayas in nepal , bhutan , and tibet south to sri lanka , east to bangladesh and west to the indus valley in pakistan ( gron , 2008 ) . it is thought that a single breeding pair resulted in the population found in southeast bangladesh .
proboscis monkey , ( nasalis larvatus ) , long - tailed arboreal primate found along rivers and in swampy mangrove forests of borneo . named for the male’s long and pendulous nose , the proboscis monkey is red - brown with pale underparts . the nose is smaller in the female and is upturned in the young . males are 56–72 cm…
( 1977 ) called “type 1 loud calls . ” the pig - tailed langur ' s type 1 loud call ( tolc ) was a series of 2 to 25 nasal barks , the loudest of which could be heard for 500 m or more in the rain forest . exchange of tolc ' s between males was the only frequent intergroup interaction . fifty - one percent of tolc ' s were emitted spontaneously , 33 % occurred in response to tolc ' s of other males , 13 % to falling trees , 4 % in response to thunder , and 1 % during a fight between males of different groups . although tolc ' s occurred throughout the day , they exhibited a bimodal distribution , with a peak of calling early in the morning , and another in late afternoon . tape - recorded tolc ' s played back in the field stimulated males hearing them to emit tolc ' s of their own . barks in experimentally - elicited tolc ' s were delivered at a faster rate than barks in other tolc ' s were . while tolc ' s mediate intergroup communication among males , field playback experiments are needed to truly elucidate their functions .
paciulli , l . , fuentes , a . and konstant , w . r . 2005 . pagai pig - tailed snub - nosed monkey or simakobu , simias concolor miller , 1903 . in : r . a . mittermeier , c . valladares - pádua , a . b . rylands , a . a . eudey , t . m . butynski , j . u . ganzhorn , r . kormos , j . m . aguiar and s . walker ( eds ) , primates in peril : the world ' s 25 most endangered primates 2004 - 2006 , pp . 25 - 26 . report to iucn / ssc primate specialist group ( psg ) , international primatological society ( ips ) and conservation international ( ci ) , washington , dc , usa .
hanuman langurs have brownish gray fur , with a tinge of red on their dorsal surface and white fur on their ventral surface . their feet , hands , face , and ears are black , and their face is framed with white fur . their tail is usually longer than the body , with a white tip . infants are born with fine , dark brown or black fur . their skin is pale , but darkens to black by three months old . they are sexually dimorphic , with males being slightly larger than females . males weigh about 13 kg and females weigh about 9 . 9 kg . excluding their tail , males are about 64 cm long , and females are about 58 . 5 cm long . male hanuman langur tails average 91 . 0 cm and those of females average 86 cm . they have 32 teeth and their dental formula is 2 / 2 1 / 1 2 / 2 3 / 3 .
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this species was formerly placed in the genus nasalis . recent molecular analysis does not support a genus - level distinction ( whittaker et al . 2006 ) . there are currently two recognized subspecies : s . c . concolor , which is found in indonesia on the islands of sipora , north pagai , and south pagai , and s . c . siberu , which is found on the island of siberut ( whittaker 2006 ) .
justification : listed as critically endangered as it was estimated a population decline of 73 - 90 % in 10 years due to heavy hunting pressure and extensive habitat loss ( especially on southern islands but quite significant throughout species range ) . it has been relatively well studied and thus documentation is fairly recent and intensive ( whittaker 2006 ) . however , there is need for further extensive research across the entire range .
this species is endemic to indonesia . it is confined to the mentawai islands off the western coast of sumatra ( pagai selatan , pagai utara , siberut , sipora , and a few offshore islets ) . s . s . concolor occurs in the mentawai archipelago ( pagai selatan , pagai utara , sipora , and the nearby islets of simalegu and sinakak ) . s . s . siberu occurs in the mentawai archipelago ( siberut ) .
the siberut subspecies has the largest population size , with an estimated 6 , 000 - 15 , 500 individuals within siberut national park . the southern subspecies is urgently in need of protective measures , with a total population of 700 - 1 , 800 individuals ( whittaker 2006 ) . the current estimate for the species as a whole is therefore from 6 , 700 to 17 , 300 individuals , down from an estimated population of 26 , 000 in 1980 . this represents a decline of 33 to 75 % in 20 years . the most recent surveys of this species estimated densities from 5 individuals / km 2 in unlogged forest , to 2 . 5 individuals in forest patches logged 20 years ago ( paciulli 2004 ) . the mean population density for this species was estimated at 21 individuals / km 2 in 1994 ( tenaza and fuentes 1995 ) . this would indicate a decline of 73 to 90 % in 10 years ( whittaker 2006 ) .
this species is found in swamp forests and lowland rainforests ( tenaza 1987 ) , as well as primary forests on the hillsides of the interior region of the islands ( tilson 1977 ) . it is diurnal , semi - terrestrial , and primarily folivorous ( d . whittaker pers . comm . ) . the birth season is from june to july ( tilson 1977 ) .
this species is threatened mainly by heavy hunting and commercial logging ( whittaker 2006 ) . it is also threatened by conversion to oil palm plantations , and forest clearing and product extraction by local people ( whittaker 2006 ) . recently , hunting pressure has increased because of improved access to remote areas due to logging roads and tracks , as well as the replacement of bows and arrows with 177 caliber air rifles ( whittaker 2006 ) . also , local rituals and taboos that formerly regulated hunting have been replaced by christianity ( whittaker 2006 ) . s . concolor is the preferred game species of most mentawai hunters ( mitchell and tilson 1986 ; fuentes 2002 ; paciulli 2004 ) . tenaza ( 1989 ) estimated that twice as many individuals are killed by hunters each year as are born in the pagai islands . animals are sometimes taken for the pet trade .
this species is listed on cites appendix i and is protected by the indonesian law . it currently occurs in only one officially protected area ( siberut national park ) , and is never seen in captivity ( m . richardson pers . comm . ) . whittaker ( 2006 ) suggests the following conservation actions :
1 ) increased protection for siberut national park , which currently lacks enforcement , 2 ) formal protection of the peleonan forest in north siberut , which is home to unusually high primate populations and is easily accessible , 3 ) protection of areas in the pagai islands by cooperating with a logging corporation that has practiced sustainable logging technique there since 1971 , 4 ) conservation education , especially regarding hunting , and 5 ) the development of alternative economic models for the local people to reduce the likelihood of selling off their lands to logging companies .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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also resides in swamps and mangrove forests with different sources stating different information regarding its presence in these environments . this species is entirely arboreal and only comes down from the trees when it is disturbed .
ranges from 490 to 550 mm in males and from 460 to 550 mm in females . the average weight is around 8 . 7 kg for males and 7 . 1 kg for females . the tail length of
, a dark grey phase and a creamy buff phase , with the dark grey phase being more common . the creamy buff phase is found in roughly one in four individuals . the limbs are of equal length and the tail is rather short compared to other primate species in the subfamily
is blackish - brown with light speckled hair on the nape , shoulder , and upper back . the tail of this species is not only short , but also hairless , except for a small amount of hair at the tail tip .
males have been observed participating in displays of strength that consist of leaping through the trees to attract mates . the social group of
, but it is believed that a single birth occurs sometime during june and july . this species also exhibits sexual swelling , a trait that is rare in other asian colobines .
carry , nurse , and stay close to their young for about a year . while the males do not provide as much care as the females , they do protect their young from males from other groups .
because there are so few in such a limited geographical range as well as the difficulty in spotting them in their dense forest habitat . there are two distinct group types exhibited in
, family groups and groups of all males ; each exhibit unique behaviors . the most common type of grouping is the family group of one male and up to 4 females . these groups can be formed with a single adult couple and their young or with more than one adult female with a single male . family group members maintain very close proximity , rarely traveling more than 5 m ( 16 ft . ) away from one another . they also restrict vocal communication , only using it at designating group boundaries and as a warning to predators . the all male groups exhibit behaviors that produce excessive noise as they travel through the forest , communicate with others , and leap in displays of strength .
territory is between 16 . 3 and 50 acres ( 6 . 5 to 20 ha ) . individuals are not observed deep inside other territories , but are seen on the margin of adjacent territories . during encounters with other groups , the males approach , make loud vocalizations and return to their home territory with the other group members following behind . chasing and fighting are generally not observed during these encounters .
is achieved by producing loud calls in a series of vocalizations ranging from 2 to 25 nasal barks . these barks can travel at least 500 m through the rainforest . the purpose of these calls is believed to be to maintain group structure and boundaries . males call out with loud nasal barks and females reply with sharp squeals . it is also likely that chemical cues are used widely in communicating reproductive state and that vision and touch are important .
this species eats leaves , fruits , and berries . feeding occurs after sunrise near the trees used for sleeping and again in the afternoon . adult males lead the foraging and the females and young follow behind .
meat is considered a delicacy . this species receives protection at the teiteibatti wildlife reserve , located on the only island that provides such security . it is believed that the population size of
has decreased by 50 % during the last decade and will most likely continue to drop another 50 % during the next decade .
lyndsay rankin ( author ) , michigan state university , barbara lundrigan ( editor , instructor ) , michigan state university .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
humans benefit economically by promoting tourism that focuses on the appreciation of natural areas or animals . ecotourism implies that there are existing programs that profit from the appreciation of natural areas or animals .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
found in the oriental region of the world . in other words , india and southeast asia .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
eudey , a . , members of the primate specialist group 2000 . 2004 .
iucn red list of threatened species : simias concolor
( on - line ) . accessed march 16 , 2006 at urltoken .
, vol . 1 , 6th edition . baltimore : the johns hopkins university press .
noë , r . , r . bshary . 2001 . colobus and leaf monkeys . pp . 380 - 395 in d macdonald , ed .
, vol . 2 , revised edition . new york : facts on file .
tilson , r . 1977 . social organization of simakobu monkeys ( nasalis concolor ) in siberut island , indonesia .
vogel , c . , p . winkler . 1990 . langurs and colobi . pp . 296 - 324 in s parker , ed .
, vol . 2 , 1 edition . new york : mcgraw - hill publishing company .
whitten , a . , j . whitten . 1982 . preliminary observations of the mentawai macaque on siberut island , indonesia .
woltanski , a . 2004 .
nasalis larvatus
( on - line ) . animal diversity web . accessed april 18 , 2006 at urltoken .
to cite this page : rankin , l . 2006 .
simias concolor
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
in terms of body size and canine size ( tenaza and fuentes , 1995 ) . this species is asexually dichromatic , meaning any sex can be of one of two color types ( tilson , 1977 ) . the two color types are a dark gray color and a light buff color ( tilson , 1977 ) . the face of this species is black in color ( ankel - simons , 2000 ) . this species has a relatively short tail for colobines and the tail is hairless ( watanabe , 1981 ) . this species shows a preference for what hand it uses during feeding and support ( miller and paciulli , 1998 ) .
and semi - terrestrial species . this species sleeps in the densely foliated emergent trees found on hillsides ( tilson , 1977 ) . this species was also found to sleep in densely foliated trees in the secondary layer of the canopy ( kawamura and megantara , 1986 ) . group travel is lead by either sex ( tenaza and fuentes , 1995 ) .
with the other reciprocating before both males run back to their respective groups and fleeing into their home range ( tilson , 1977 ) . the home ranges of group tend to overlap a little ( tenaza and fuentes , 1995 ) .
this call consists of a series of 2 to 25 nasal barks and travel about 500 meters in the forest . the first barks of this call are the loudest with subsequent calls decreasing in volume with the last barks being faint ( tenaza , 1989b ) . these loudest barks are followed by audible gasps ( tenaza , 1989b ) . the mean duration of this call is 12 . 1 seconds ( tenaza , 1989b ) . these calls are mostly made during the morning and late afternoon . these are used to maintain distance between groups and to bring the group together . there are peak times when this call is emitted , in the morning and in late afternoon ( tenaza , 1989b ) . this call is also heard as a response to thunder and falling trees ( tenaza , 1989b ) .
this is when one individual grooms another and is used to reinforce the bonds between individuals .
the anterior perineum of the female swells and turns a pink color ( tenaza , 1989a ) . the birth season for this species is from june to july ( tilson , 1977 ) .
cheney , d . l . and wrangham , r . w . 1987 . predation . in
. eds . b . b . smuts , d . l . cheney , r . m . seyfarth , r . w . wrangham , and t . t . struhsaker . university of chicago press .
kawamura , s . and megantara , e . n . 1986 . observation of primates in logged forest on sipora island , mentawai .
miller , c . t . and paciulli , l . m . 1998 . hand preferences for feeding in free - living simakobu monkeys (
tenaza , r . 1987 . the status of primates and their habitats in the pagai islands , indonesia .
tenaza , r . r . and fuentes , a . 1995 . monandrous social organization of pigtailed langurs (
watanabe , k . 1981 . variations in group composition and population density of two sympatric mentawaian leaf - monkeys .
love words ? you must — there are over 200 , 000 words in our free online dictionary , but you are looking for one that’s only in the merriam - webster unabridged dictionary .
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folia primatol ( basel ) . 1995 ; 65 ( 3 ) : 172 - 3 .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
pystynenäapina
to
nasalis concolor ( miller , 1903 )
.
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
nykerönenäapina
to
nasalis concolor ( miller , 1903 )
.
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
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since they live in a very remote area there is not much you can do directly to help the population , but you can help reduce co2 emissions which is a potential cause for their decline . also , of course you can donate to the wwf to help the cause .
) were observed in the pagai islands and in siberut . they lived in 1 - male groups containing from one to five or more females plus their young . adult males produced loud vocalizations of the sort
, 1975 . individual recognition by song in white - throated sparrows . i . discrimination of songs of neighbors and strangers .
( ed . ) , indiana univ . press , bloomington , pp . 890–964 .
, 1968 . aggregation and dispersal : two functions in primate communication . in :
( ed . ) , holt , rinehart , & winston , new york , pp . 420–438 .
———— , 1972 . vocalizations of east african monkeys . ii . black and white colobus .
( eds . ) , univ . of chicago press , chicago , pp . 440–461 .
———— , 1987 . the status of primates and their habitats in the pagai islands , indonesia .
, 1981 . variations in group composition and population density of the sympatric mentawaian leaf - monkeys .
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the largest island wholly in asia , sharing it ' s mass with malaysia and brunei .
the largest wholly indonesian island , housing cities such as medan , whose population is over 4 . 3 million .
the largest island being shared by two different countries from two different continents ; the other one being papua new guinea .
this island , taking hold of a five - pointed shape , houses the city of makassar , one of the most populated in indonesia .
the most populated island in the world and in indonesia , with a total population of around 143 million .
the main island of the moluccan islands . moluccans believe that this is where their ancestors came from , and thus earns the nickname nusa ina , or mother island .
this island marks the border line for the islands of indonesia in the west that were affected by indian influence , and the ones on the east that were not .
the smallest of the islands that indonesia shares with an official country . this island broke into west and east during 2002 .
if you translate the island ' s name in portuguese , it would turn out to ' flowers ' .
this island was named after an indonesian naval officer who was killed at the battle of arafura sea .
the main island of the province of bangka - belitung . the province ' s capital , pangkal pinang , lies on the island .
this island was known as sandalwood island historically , due to how it mainly exported sandalwood .
this was an island when at the time of soeharto ' s new order administration , it was the site of a prison that used to hold thousands of political prisoners .
this island is the most visited island in the whole of indonesia , receiving around 1 / 2 of the visitors that visits indonesia .
situated in the west nusa tenggara , the province ' s capital of mataram is located in this island .
an island located near the northeastern coast of java , it is an island which is administered by the province of east java .
the second biggest island in the province of bangka - belitung , this island is famous for its pepper and for its tin .
this island is entirely covered by rainforests ; it is also one of the two habitats of where the anoa roams , a type of buffalo .
this island shares its name with the archipelago that includes the island and the small hinako islands .
this island is part of a volcanic island arc which includes the other barat daya islands and the banda islands .
this island is the largest island of the tanimbar islands in the province of maluku .
an island situated in the west papua province , it is also the largest of the four main islands in the raja ampat islands archipelago .
an island whose ethnicity includes the muna , buton , bugis , and jawa .
the island shares its name with the regency it is in , and is located in the sula islands .
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simias concolor or simakobu , endemic to the 7000 km² mentawai archipelago ( w - sumatra , indonesia ) , is classified as critically endangered in the iucn red list of threatened species and currently considered as one of the world’s 25 most endangered primates . habitat loss due to logging and land conversion for agriculture , as well as excessive local hunting pressure pose the main threats to the species´ survival . despite the conservation significance of the simakobu however , relatively little is known about its habitat requirements , local distribution , population size and trends , demography , or the species’ adaptability to anthropogenic disturbance . furthermore , no management and conservation plan for the simakobu exists .
in an effort to contribute to the species’ long - term survival , the present study aims to investigate key aspects of the population biology and ecology of simias concolor and to generate a biological database needed for the implementation of effective conservation measures . its main objectives are to determine the current status of the simakobu population on siberut , the archipelago’s largest island ( ~ 4000 km² ) , and to identify the main factors affecting the species’ population size and distribution . specifically , this will involve a land - cover analysis of siberut island in order to generate an up - to - date and reliable classification of the remaining primate habitat in the region based on satellite remote sensing data ( phase 1 ) , as well as a comprehensive series of surveys to determine the population size and density of the simakobu on siberut island . these data will be compared with previous information ( literature ) to identify recent population trends ( phase 2 ) . furthermore , the species’ sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance will be examined , in particular with regard to habitat destruction and hunting , and quantitative analyses will be conducted to provide an estimate of species population viability ( phase 3 ) . the resulting data will help to generate specific conservation recommendations for the mentawai region .
the rsg grant specifically supports phase 1 ( land - cover analysis of siberut island ) of the overall project , enabling the acquisition of the required satellite images ( spot 5 ) and equipment ( gps , … ) , as well as facilitating the obligatory field visits of the principal investigator and local field assistants for the collection of the necessary ground reference data .
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1 . profile ( picture ) 2 . tidbits 3 . status and trends ( iucn status , countries where currently found , population estimates , history of distribution , threats and reasons for decline ) 4 . data on biology and ecology ( weight , habitat , birth season , diet , behavior , social organization , density and range ) 5 . references
most observed social groups are small ( 3 - 8 monkeys ) . these may be harem groups with more than 1 adult female or a monogamous group consisting of an adult pair and its young . groups containing about 20 individuals have been observed in primary forest . ( davies & oates 1994 ) .
home ranges of 3 . 5 - 20 hectares ( 8 . 8 - 50 acres ) have been observed ( davies & oates 1994 ) .
burton & pearson 1987 , cons . intl . 2005 , curry - lindahl 1972 , davies & oates 1994 , fitter 1974 , iucn 1968 , iucn 1994 , iucn 1996 , iucn 2000 , iucn 2003a , iucn 2004 , macdonald 1984 , nowak & paradiso 1983 , prim . cons . , inc .
© 1999 - 2014 animal info . endangered animals of the world . sj contact us .
u . s . department of the interior | u . s . geological survey url : urltoken page contact information : pubs warehouse contact page page last modified : march 12 , 2012 17 : 22 : 06
1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable 1 . forest - > 1 . 8 . forest - subtropical / tropical swamp suitability : suitable
1 . land / water protection - > 1 . 1 . site / area protection 1 . land / water protection - > 1 . 2 . resource & habitat protection 2 . land / water management - > 2 . 1 . site / area management 3 . species management - > 3 . 1 . species management - > 3 . 1 . 1 . harvest management 4 . education & awareness - > 4 . 1 . formal education 4 . education & awareness - > 4 . 3 . awareness & communications 5 . law & policy - > 5 . 4 . compliance and enforcement - > 5 . 4 . 2 . national level
2 . agriculture & aquaculture - > 2 . 1 . annual & perennial non - timber crops - > 2 . 1 . 3 . agro - industry farming
5 . biological resource use - > 5 . 1 . hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - > 5 . 1 . 1 . intentional use ( species is the target )
5 . biological resource use - > 5 . 3 . logging & wood harvesting - > 5 . 3 . 5 . motivation unknown / unrecorded
1 . research - > 1 . 2 . population size , distribution & trends 1 . research - > 1 . 3 . life history & ecology 1 . research - > 1 . 5 . threats 1 . research - > 1 . 6 . actions 3 . monitoring - > 3 . 1 . population trends
fuentes , a . 2002 . monkeys , humans and politics in the mentawai islands : no simple solutions in a complex world . in : a . fuentes and l . d . wolfe ( eds ) , primates face to face : conservation implications of human - nonhuman primate interactions , pp . 187 - 207 . cambridge university press , cambridge , uk .


the grey go-away-bird ( corythaixoides concolor ) , also known as grey lourie , grey loerie , or kwêvoël , is a bold and common bird of the southern afrotropics .

they are present in arid to moist , open woodlands and thorn savanna , especially near surface water .

they regularly form groups and parties that forage in tree tops , or dust bathe on the ground .

especially when disturbed , make their presence known by their characteristically loud and nasal " kweh " or " go-way " calls , with the last syllable typically a descending drawl .

within range , their unique combination of appearance and habits precludes confusion with other bird species .

grey go - away - bird

grey go - away - bird , botswana . [ photo gerhard theron © ]
the grey go - away - bird is a bird about the size of a grey hornbill . the height of the grey go - away - bird is about 50 cms and its weight is about 270 gms
grey ( lourie , loerie , turaco ) go away bird feeding habits . . .
description : grey go - away - bird’s english name comes from the typical calls of this beautiful bird .
the grey loerie bird is a medium sized bird that is also known as the ‘go away bird’ or in afrikaans , ‘kwêvoël’ .
pot plant owl - share the sounds of the grey go - away bird . . .
flower power ! grey go - away - bird’s flower eating habits , and new name change .
the grey go - away - bird is usually seen hunting for food within the tree foliage .
grey go - away - bird feeding on aloe marlothii grey go - away - bird feeding on aloe marlothii flower petals new name change - the new southern african name change from grey lourie to grey go - away - bird has proved to be one of the least popular on the recent changes in the region . more
the grey go - away - bird is a southern african bird that belongs to the musophagidae bird family group which includes birds such as turacos .
the grey go - away bird ( corythaixoides concolor ) is a south african turaco that is also known as grey lourie , grey plaintain - eater , grey loerie or kwêvoël .
grey go - away - bird ( corythaixoides concolor fam . musophagidae ) kruger park birds & birding .
in terms of distribution of the grey go - away - bird in the kruger national park you may not see it in all areas . grey go - away - bird : see above distribution map .
sounds of the african bush : grey go - away - birds . - youtube
grey ( lourie , loerie , turaco ) go away bird breeding , habitat and nesting habits . . .
the grey go - away - bird ( corythaixoides concolor ) , also known as grey lourie , grey loerie , or kwêvoël , is a bold and common bird of the southern afrotropics .
a picture of the grey go - away - bird on page 256 . the grey go - away - bird belongs to the family of birds classified as musophagidae . according to the percy fitzpatrick institute of african ornithology the grey go - away - bird is also known by these other names : go - away bird . in the previous edition of roberts ( ie 6th edition ) the grey go - away - bird was called the grey lourie the map of the kruger you see on this page shows the areas ( coloured orange ) where this bird has been identified . more
the grey go - away - bird ( latin name corythaixoides concolor ) is described in roberts birds of southern africa , 7th edition . this bird has a unique roberts number of 373 and you will find a full description of this bird on page 249 also a picture of the grey go - away - bird on page 256 . the grey go - away - bird belongs to the family of birds classified as musophagidae . according to the percy fitzpatrick institute of african ornithology the grey go - away - bird is also known by these other names : go - away bird .
grey go - away - birds calling loudly from the tree tops . great audio !
the diet of grey go - away - bird includes , fruit , flowers , buds , leaves , nectar and insects .
the grey go - away - bird is mainly found in light and densely wooded forests , where there are mopane trees .
grey go - away - bird at its nest with chicks , sericea farm , south africa . [ photo warwick tarboton © ]
the bare - face go - away bird lays 2 to 3 greenish - white oval eggs .
the white - bellied go - away - bird ( corythaixoides leucogaster ) is a bird of eastern africa in the turaco family .
reproduction : breeding season varies according to the locality , but in south africa and zimbabwe , grey go - away - bird breeds all months of the year . grey go - away - bird usually nests in acacia or thorny trees , but sometimes in other species .
the grey go - away - bird is neither endemic or near endemic to the kruger national park . it is however a common resident
the grey go - away - bird is a monogamous bird which means that the bird finds and breeds with one partner for the rest of its life . the bird lays between 1 to 4 eggs and they are coloured blue .
behaviour : grey go - away - bird is gregarious and moves in groups of up to 20 birds very busy and hopping into trees .
flight : grey go - away - bird takes off fairly readily and it is able to fly long distances with relatively strong and buoyant flight .
this bird is known as grey lourie in the roberts 6th edition . there have been no changes in the latin name for the grey go - away - bird between the roberts 6th and roberts 7th edition . this bird is still commonly referred to as either the grey lourie ( sometime spelled loerie ) or the grey turaco .
the month of august is a lean month for frugivores in bushveld regions . here a grey go - away - bird feeds on gymnosporia senegalensis flower petals .
the grey go - away - bird is monogamous unless its mate dies . in the event of a partner dying corythaixoides concolor will seek out a new mate
grey go - away - bird is resident in its range , but it makes seasonal local movements , according to the food and water resources in southern africa .
the grey go - away - bird has a height of 50 cms and weighs around 270 gms . the head is coloured grey while the bill is coloured black . the corythaixoides concolor has a grey coloured throat , black legs and a grey coloured back . the eyes are brown .
the bare - faced go - away - bird ( corythaixoides personatus ) is a species of bird in the family musophagidae which is native to the eastern afrotropics .
the cry of the go away bird by andrea eames is available now from harvill secker , an imprint of random house .
the nesting habit of grey go - away - bird is to create the nest in branches of a tree or shrub . the bird lays eggs which are blue in colour and number between 1 to 4
the grey go - away - bird is a southern african bird that belongs to the musophagidae bird family group which includes birds such as turacos . the description for the grey go - away - bird ( latin name corythaixoides concolor ) can be found in the 7th edition of the roberts birds of southern africa . the corythaixoides concolor can be quickly identified by its unique roberts identification number of 373 and the detailed description of this bird is on page 249 . more
the grey loerie bird ( corythaixoides concolor ) is a south african bird which ranges from the tropical west and central africa .
the grey go - away - bird is classified as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category .
distinguished from the white - bellied go - away bird , which shares part of its distribution range , by its bare black face .
the description for the grey go - away - bird ( latin name corythaixoides concolor ) can be found in the 7th edition of the roberts birds of southern africa . the corythaixoides concolor can be quickly identified by its unique roberts identification number of 373 and the detailed description of this bird is on page 249 . you will find a picture of the grey go - away - bird on page 256 .
the grey loerie or go - away bird is named after its loud alarm call ,
kuh - wê !
, which sounds like ' go away ! ' its diet is mainly fruit ( such as wild figs and berries ) , flowers , buds , leaves , termites , and snails .
central african birders have always called this group or family of birds , ‘go - away - birds’ . however , using tanzania as an example , there are 3 go - away - bird species recorded there , namely bare - faced , white - bellied and grey go - away - birds . the two former species are wide - ranging occurring from ethiopia through kenya , uganda and tanzania . in order to get conformity or standardization with names it was logical therefore for southern africa to adopt go - away - bird for lourie ( or turaco ) , which was less disruptive than changing the names of all three go - away - birds in eastern central africa .
birds & birding in the kruger national park south africa . in roberts 6 this bird was called grey lourie
when a colleague asked me one day what the big grey bird visiting his garden was , i decided to feature gabs in the next bird’s - eye view .
these gray birds are characterized by a very distinct
g ' way
call , giving them their nickname , grey go - away bird . they use this call to warn the other birds in their flock of impending danger .
the go - away bird gets its name from its well - known call , a harsh
kay - waaay ,
which warns other birds of a human ' s presence .
picture of the grey go - away - bird has been licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike . original source : after the rain : : lyrical ( not ) uploaded by snowmanradio author : axel bührmann from fourways , gauteng , south africa
use the information below to find out more about the grey lourie bird’s characteristics , habitat , diet , behaviour and reproduction .
grey - go - away - bird is common in most parts of its range and this species is not globally threatened . however , it is a pest for orchards and gardens , and it is often persecuted . it is also killed for food in great numbers . hunters don’t like it because it seems to warn wild game birds and animals by its loud calls . in addition , grey go - away - bird is preyed upon by raptors such as bateleur and african goshawk , and other birds of prey .
a composite clip , with various cuts of calls from the same group of go - away - birds communicating in dry combretum woodlands .
description : bare - faced go - away birds are large birds measuring approximately 48 - 50 cm from beak to tail , and weighing around 210 - 300g . they have a characteristic long tail and crest . both sexes are grey in colour . legs , feet and the male’s bill are black , whereas the female ' s beak is green . the bare - faced go - away bird can
voice : sounds by xeno - canto grey go - away - bird has noisy , typical nasal call “g’wa - ay , g’wa - ay” descending in pitch , but with the second note more accentuated . these calls are typical of acacia savannahs in africa . this bird utters series of plaintive notes , giving it the english name .
diet : grey go - away - bird feeds mainly on fruits of several plant species , and also cultivated fruits . it consumes the pods of acacia , and probes flowers for nectar or eats flowers , buds and leaves . it also takes emergent termites on the ground .
the grey go - away bird was previously included in the distinct species corythaix , but is now considered to form a super - species with c . personatus . this species is unique amongst the turaco family in that it possess an all - over grey plumage . throughout its distribution , the grey go - away bird will often inhabit woodlands , but it has a preference for more open thornbush country , often near water . the diet of this particular species includes fruit , leaves and insects , although , when given a choice , in aviculture individuals have tended towards a diet emphasising grains and leaves rather than fruit .
the grey lourie has a strange behaviour which gives it the nickname of the ‘go away bird’ . this bird is a very vocal bird when alarmed , who emits a long nasal sounding call which sounds like ‘gowaaaay’ while jerking its tail . because of this ‘give away call’ , hunters who try to get close to other animals to get a catch , are frequently frustrated as the ‘call’ warns the animals off and the cover of the hunter is revealed . grey louries are also helpful to prey animals who are alerted when a predator enters their territory .
it has a distinctive loud alarm call (
quare
, rhyming with
square
) fancifully sounding like
go - away
.
the grey go - away bird , previously called the grey lourie , is very distinctive , being about 50 cm in length and all grey in colour . it has an impressive grey crest that it raises often ; the eyes , bill , legs and feet are all black . it is certainly the least colourful of the southern african turacos ( previously called louries ) , most of which are clothed in magnificent greens , reds and purples . the sexes are alike in both size and plumage .
during the breeding season which starts with the rains , grey go - away - bird is noisier with much calling . we can observe chasing from tree to tree and mutual feeding . displays are performed with bill open and closed , crest raised or flattened , bowing head and flicking tail .
grey bird with a distinctive crest , measuring about 50 cm in length . has a short , curved beak which it uses to pluck fruit and insects out of treetops . they can be recognized from afar by their loud warning calls , which resemble ' kweh ' or ' go - away ' .
the new southern african name change from grey lourie to grey go - away - bird has proved to be one of the least popular on the recent changes in the region . many south african birders now accept these vernacular name changes are in the long term the right way to go in order to achieve vernacular name consensus on the continent , ie ‘one bird , one name’ the choice of name however , has proved to be unacceptable by many birders , who do not understand the reasons why this name was ‘forced’ on the region .
distribution of grey go - away - bird in southern africa , based on statistical smoothing of the records from first sa bird atlas project ( © animal demography unit , university of cape town ; smoothing by birgit erni and francesca little ) . colours range from dark blue ( most common ) through to yellow ( least common ) . see here for the latest distribution from the sabap2 .
habitat : grey go - away - bird frequents mainly acacia country , thorny savannahs and nearby woodlands including acacias . this species is often seen in suburban areas such as parks and gardens . it highly depends on water . it can be seen from sea - level up to 1500 metres of elevation , sometimes more .
distribution of grey go - away - bird in southern africa , based on statistical smoothing of the records from first sa bird atlas project ( © animal demography unit , university of cape town ; smoothing by birgit erni and francesca little ) . colours range from dark blue ( most common ) through to yellow ( least common ) . see here for the latest distribution from the sabap2 . more
its plumage is a uniform grey color , black beak and strikingly pink gape .
the grey go - away bird is monogamous and builds a flimsy platform of twigs as a nest , and does not line this with any soft material , usually locating the nest high up in a thorny tree . the female lays a clutch of two or three eggs that hatch after an incubation period of about 28 days .
in flight , the black - headed heron has a slow wingbeat , and , like all the herons , retracts its neck . the white and grey under wings are conspicuous and easily distinguish it from the grey heron which has all grey under wings .
bird seen calling from a large tree in a suburban garden in early summer .
one of the common sounds to be heard in the dry savanna woodlands of southern africa is a loud nasal “ quare “ , which , with a little stretch of the aural imagination may be interpreted as “go - away ! ” this is the call of the appropriately named grey go - away bird . it is a very vocal bird , especially if it is disturbed and , being quite gregarious when not breeding , its presence is not likely to be missed as it makes it clear that your presence is not appreciated . it is often found near water and will frequently venture into parks and suburban gardens .
melia azedarach , of which this grey go - away - bird in an important seed dispersal agent ( sabap 1 : 542 ) . status and movements : the species is an abundant breeding resident in the region , and is recorded throughout the year . some flocking behaviour has been recorded in winter ( see population ) . population : whilst the bird is recorded regularly , there are no figures of population densities in the region . more
grey go - away - birds are grouped with turacos – the knysna , schalow’s , livingstone’s , purple - crested and ross’s turacos . interestingly enough , the name turaco derives from the turacoverdin pigment that colours the green feathers and turacin that colours the red feathers of turacos .
the grey lourie bird measures 19 – 20 inches ( 47 . 5 – 50 centimetres ) from its beak to the tip of its tail and weighs around 270 grams . the grey lourie is uniform grey in colour with a strikingly pink gape . it has a long tail which measures around the same length as its body . on top of its head are tall crest feathers which are raised and lowered when the bird is alarmed .
in the wild , the bird spends most of its time perched in small groups .
wits rural facility is a bird lovers paradise with a verified birdlist of 198 species .
the scientific name for the grey go - away bird is corythaixoides concolor ; corythaixoides from the latin for “like corythaix ” ( referring to tauraco corythaix – the knysna turaco ) and concolor from the latin for uniformly coloured . well , it certainly is uniformly coloured , and in shape and size it is similar to the knysna turaco , so i guess the name is pretty accurate .
adult male is entirely soft smoky - grey . on the upperparts , flight feathers and primary coverts are darker grey . grey tail becomes darker towards the dark brown tip . on the underparts , chin and throat are darker than belly , whereas the breast is slightly washed greyish - olive .
moving away from the book itself for a moment , have you had any feedback from other zimbabweans .
introduction : grey - go - away - birds ( corythaixoides concolor ) or grey - louries inhabit dry savannah especially with acacia trees and in dry riverine woodland . also found in numbers in suburban gardens . prey of many eagles such as african goshawk and perigrine falcon as well as genet . locally nomadic in response to fruit availability . found in groups of 3 to 20 , although singly and in pairs as well . a feature of this bird is to climb and jump around in trees whilst showing off the crest by raising and lowering it .
the grey lourie’s bill is quite short and black in colour . it has dark coloured eyes and short grey legs . these birds are quick and agile which enables them to clamber around the trees to forage for food .
grey go - away - birds are one of only six turaco species in the world , all endemic to africa , and all with a crest and bare skin around their eyes . they occur virtually throughout namibia , with the exception of the southern parts of the country . their diet consists mostly of fruit ( granny smith apples ) – also of flowers and nectar . novo , i hope this will help you identify your big grey birds in future .
rather comical
go - away
calls from this quintessential bushveld species . one of the birds sounds rather strange - a youngster perhaps ? towards the end of the clip they are crashing around in the canopy , dislodging loose twigs .
turner , d . a . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . grey go - away - bird ( corythaixoides concolor ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the turacos make up the bird family musophagidae ( literally
banana - eaters
) , which includes plantain - eaters and go - away - birds . in southern africa both turacos and go - away - birds are commonly known as louries . they are semi - zygodactylous – the fourth ( outer ) toe can be switched back and forth . the second and third toes , which always point forward , are conjoined in some species . musophagids often have prominent crests and long tails ; the turacos are noted for peculiar and unique pigments giving them their bright green and red feathers .
obviously gabs missed out when these pigments were handed out , which resulted in their common names : previously grey lourie , currently grey go - away - bird . the reason for their lack of colour is possibly that they occur in the drier woodlands , where exaggerated colours would be wasted . what they lack in colour , however , they make up for in dexterity when moving around in trees . when all is said and done , they are probably best known for their distinctive , drawn - out nasal call , making their afrikaans name , kwêvoël , a spot - on description of the species .
description : concolor is the latin word for uniformly coloured , which is overall smokey - grey . they have distinctive , slit - shaped nostrils , crests on the forehead and crowns . their main characteristic is a loud , harsh call which sound like a nasal go - away , hence the popular name . corythaixoides is latin for like tauraco corythaix , the knysna turaco .
or turacos , includes plantain - eaters and go - away - birds . in southern africa both turacos and go - away - birds are commonly known as louries . they are semi - zygodactylous – the fourth ( outer ) toe can be switched back and forth . the second and third toes , which always point forward , are conjoined in some species . musophagids often have prominent crests and long tails ; the turacos are noted for peculiar and unique pigments giving them their bright green and red feathers .
certainly there seems to be more hope for zimbabwe now . i hope for zimbabwe . you know , hope that the displaced may go home . though i’d be lying if i didn’t admit to certain concerns about whether everyone would be able to go back .
it is fond of fruits , such as wild figs and berries . but it also consumes buds , leaves and flowers , invertebrates and snails . it forages sometimes in gardens for vegetables . it can probes flowers for nectar . it also takes emergent termites on the ground , and hawks in the air varied insects . it forages for fallen fruits on the ground , and in lower parts of the bushes . grey go - away - bird is considered as pest in orchards and plantations where it damages the crops . this bird needs to drink regularly , and flocks of up to 30 birds gather at water sources .
the grey lourie mainly feeds up on fruit including wild figs and berries , seedpods and large snails . it will also forage for flowers , leaves , termites and other insects . the grey lourie is dependant on water and daily drinks from water sources .
the western plantain - eater ( crinifer piscator ) , also known as the grey plantain - eater or western grey plantain - eater , is a large member of the turaco family , a group of large arboreal near - passerine birds restricted to africa .
the bird is an urban dweller as well , being at home in parks , gardens and in old vacated buildings .
take note of the bird ' s main distinguishing features such as colour , size and leg length relative to the body size of the bird . colours of a bird ' s body parts can be helpful . be aware what may appear brown to one person is described in roberts birds using some other word . . . for example brown , black . see
wrf is a birder’s paradise , with over 180 species having being recorded on the property . common species include yellow - billed hornbill , go - away bird , crested francolin , fork - tailed drongo , and brown - hooded kingfisher . keep a look out for a pair of wahlberg’s eagle that nest on the property every year , and be sure to visit the bird hide at the small dam to look for wetland species . a bird list is available upon request . wrf is also home to a myriad of interesting insects , such as dung beetles , clicking beetles , parasitic wasps , and emperor moths , to name a few .
the bare - faced go - away - bird ( corythaixoides personatus ) is a species of bird in the musophagidae family which is native to the eastern afrotropics . it is named for its distinctive and uniquely bare , black face . the genus is named for the g ' way call of its near relation , the grey go - away - bird . the sexes are similar . it measures 16 - 17 cm from bill tip to tail tip . it is a noisy and restless species , that moves about singly or in groups . its call is a double or repetitive kow - kow . . . it is found in two disjunct areas in africa : one in ethiopia , and the other in burundi , drc , kenya , malawi , rwanda , tanzania , uganda and zambia . it occurs in open woodland , thickets and in cultivation with scattered trees . it may be found up to 1 , 400 m , but at loita up to 2 , 200 m in scattered cedar , acacia and evergreen scrub . two geographically isolated races are accepted :
the scientific binomial for the yellow - breasted apalis is apalis falvida ; apalis from the greek for soft and flavida from the latin for pale yellow . thus we have a soft , pale yellow bird which is not a bad description of this cheerful little bird .
the grey lourie perches in the top of trees where it gives out its well known ‘call’ when disturbed . nests are flimsy and are made from dry twigs , they are unlined and mainly built in the canopy of thorn trees . grey louries are generally quiet when in their nesting area .
the bird is found in the arid and semi - arid regions of southern africa and it can withstand high day and night temperatures .
large grey - coloured herons are a common sight at many dams , river estuaries , lagoons and other bodies of water within southern africa and throughout most of africa south of the sahara . unmistakable with their long necks , long legs and dagger - like beaks , the grey heron and the black - headed heron share an almost identical range and although they are fairly similar in size and general grey appearance , they are not difficult to tell apart .
the grey lourie has a characteristic flight pattern in which they fly fairy low , mostly below tree - top height with heavy wing beats interspersed with gliding .
this bird eats insects such as butterflies , bees , wasps , locusts and ants . these invertebrates are usually hawked aerially , killed and then eaten .
ross ' s turaco or lady ross ' s turaco ( musophaga rossae ) is a mainly bluish - purple african bird of the turaco family , musophagidae .
48 – 50 cm ; 210 - 300 g an ash - grey turaco with a long tail and loose , pointed crest , similar to that of a mousebird . juv . paler , more buff - grey with crest . voice : harsh , nasal ‘waaaay’ or ‘kay - waaay’ ( rendered ‘go - away’ ) . status and biology : common resident of acacia savanna and dry , open woodland ; also gardens . vocal and conspicuous ; small groups often perch on top of acacia trees . lays 2 - 3 ( rarely 1 - 4 ) eggs on a flimsy platform of twigs in the canopy of a tree or bush , especially thorny species such as acacias . diet : fruit , leaves , buds , nectar and invertebrates . ( kwêvoël )
the black - headed heron is very slightly smaller than the grey heron , with a length of 94 cm and a wingspan approaching one and a half metres . it is largely grey in colour , with a black crown and hind neck ; legs and feet are black and the yellow eyes become red during the breeding season . the sexes are alike in both size and plumage .
it lays 1 - 4 , usually 2 - 3 eggs which are incubated by both sexes for 26 - 29 days . the incubating bird is very difficult to scare out of its position . in one situation , the nest was covered in smoke from a grass fire at the base of the tree , but the incubating bird did not fly off !
hockey par , dean wrj and ryan pg 2005 . roberts - birds of southern africa , viith ed . the trustees of the john voelcker bird book fund , cape town .
the grey lourie’s preferred habitats are bushveld , savannas , broad leaf forests , open acacia woodlands , often close to water and it is also known to populate farms , parks and suburban gardens .
the grey go - away - bird occurs from coastal angola through to southern africa , where it is common in dry savanna and suburban gardens . it eats mainly plant products , such as fruit , flowers , leaves and buds , but it may also eat small invertebrates . the nest is a flat , flimsy platform , made of interlaced twigs , normally placed in a thorny tree . it lays 1 - 4 , usually 2 - 3 eggs which are incubated by both sexes , for 26 - 29 days . the chicks stay in the nest for 18 - 21 days , leaving before they can fly . at roughly 33 days old , the chicks can feed for themselves , and at roughly 35 days they can fly , becoming fully independent at about 41 days old .
again , the writing of this was very instinctive , rather than analytical . i didn’t necessarily plan out how things would go . it was a more amorphous process . i tried to capture the emotions .
the crested francolin is a bird a little bit bigger than a starling . they are normally seen in pairs or small groups and they eat a variety of insects and plant material .
our weekends away are always full and interesting . it was great to have found a campsite so close to windhoek , as it isn’t always easy to take enough time off to travel great distances to go camping . teufelsbach is definitely conveniently close enough for many more visits . as a nice farewell present , when we were leaving the farm , we came across this beautiful abdim’s stork just outside the farm gate !
the scientific name for the double - banded sandgrouse is pterocles bicinctus ; pterocles from the greek for “noted for its wings” , presumably referring to its long wings and rapid flight , and bicinctus from the latin for “double girdled” referring to the double breast bands . thus a double girdled bird noted for its flight ( or wings ) , which fits this splendid bird quite well .
47–50 cm ; male 221–299 g , female 202–305 g . adult has entire head and body warm smoky - grey , palest around eyes and on belly , and darkest on chin , throat , . . .
though the global population size has not been quantified , it is believed to be large as the species is described as ' common ' in at least parts of its range . global population trends have not been quantified either , but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the iucn red list ( i . e . declining more than 30 % in ten years or three generations ) . for these reasons , the species is evaluated as least concern . likewise , for the cites , the bare - faced go - away bird is not globally threatened , and considered locally common in parts of its range .
the eastern plantain - eater , crinifer zonurus , also known as the eastern grey plantain - eater , is a large member of the turaco family , a group of large arboreal near - passerine birds restricted to africa .
a composite track , cut together from various clips of the same birds . at first one is calling alone , then a second bird arrives and is greeted with specific calls . about 10 m up .
the plumage of go - away - birds and plantain - eaters is mainly grey and white . the turacos on the other hand are brightly coloured birds , usually blue , green or purple . the green colour in turacos comes from turacoverdin , the only true green pigment in birds known to date . other ‘greens’ in bird colours result from a yellow pigment such as some carotenoid , combined with the prismatic physical structure of the feather itself which scatters the light in a particular way and giving a blue colour . turaco wings contain the red pigment turacin , unlike in other birds where red colour is due to carotenoids . both pigments are derived from porphyrins and only known from the musophagidae at present , but especially the little - researched turacoverdin might have relatives in other birds . the incidence of turacoverdin in relation to habitat is of interest to scientists , being present in forest species but absent in savanna and acacia living species .
they are gregarious birds that do not migrate but move in family groups of up to ten . many species are noisy , with the go - away - birds being especially noted for their piercing alarm calls , which alert other fauna to the presence of predators or hunters ; their common name refers to this . they all build large stick nests in trees , and lay 2 or 3 eggs . the young are born with thick down and open , or nearly - open , eyes .
recorded by a waterhole in arid thornveld savannah . this grey lourie called like this next to my microphones for about 15 minutes . part of a 13 hour recording by the waterhole , i was not present at the time of recording .
birds of eden in plettenberg bay , south africa is a world - class free flight bird sanctuary that aims to create a safe environment in which to release a large collection of free - flight african birds and miniature monkeys .
the drongo is a fearless bird and has a reputation for being bullies , and sneakily steal food from other animals . the drongo has the ability to mimic calls of animals and it uses this skill to distract its hosts .
the ruwenzori turaco ( ruwenzorornis johnstoni ) is a species of bird in the musophagidae family . it is monotypic within the genus ruwenzorornis . [ 2 ] it is found in burundi , democratic republic of the congo , rwanda , and uganda .
usually found in pairs or small family groups , the yellow - breasted apalis feeds mainly on insects and insect larvae which it gleans from the leaves of trees , often joining mixed bird parties and often frequenting the tree canopies while it feeds .
black - headed herons feed mainly in shallow water , but will also feed away from the water , in open grasslands and cultivated fields . it feeds mainly on invertebrates , small mammals and reptiles , and sometimes on small birds . their call is a very loud “ kwaak “ .
grey louries become sexually mature at 1 to 2 years old and breed throughout the year . a clutch is laid consisting of 2 – 3 eggs . the female incubates the eggs for around 27 days . chicks become fledglings at around 4 weeks and are fed by both parents .
unfortunately , so many young , educated , talented and resourceful people – from all the races within zimbabwe – left the country . not because we wanted too , but because we had too . young zimbabweans have been left in limbo , exiled and displaced from their home . and the longer they are away…
the yellow - breasted apalis is small , just about 12 cm in length , with the males being slightly larger than the females . they are olive green above , with a white throat and white belly separated by a broad yellow band . some of the races have a central black breast band at the lower edge of the yellow , but this may be poorly developed or missing in the females . their crowns and the sides of their faces are grey and they have long , graduated tails . their eyes are red , bills are grey and legs and feet are pinkish - brown .
medium - sized gray bird with a long tail and tall crest feathers . this species has a short , dark bill and dark eyes . the body is slightly counter - shaded and the legs are gray . the tail is long and measures about the same length as the body .
although the cape turtle - dove has a range that embraces most of the southern african region and well beyond , it is , in spite of its name , absent from the winter rainfall area of the western cape of south africa . it is a medium sized dove , around 27 cm in length , and is grey overall , with a black collar and the white under - tail feathers are conspicuous when the bird is in flight . legs and feet are purple and the eyes are dark brown to black . the sexes are similar in plumage and the males are slightly larger than the females .
the vegetation provides habitat for a range wildlife , including : giraffe , blue wildebeest , burchell’s zebra , kudu , waterbuck , impala , reedbuck , bushbuck , grey duiker , warthog , chacma baboon , vervet monkey and a range of mongoose species . if you are lucky , you might spot nocturnal species such as bushpig , aardvark , pangolin , porcupine , civet , small spotted genet , thick - tailed bushbaby , and lesser bushbaby . small predators include caracal and serval . none of the big five occur on the property , with the exception of the elusive leopard . we recommend that you not go walking or jogging on the property between dusk and dawn .
on the head , plumage is pale grey , paler around the eyes . crown shows a wonderful slightly shaggy crest of about 6 to 7 cm in length . this crest is as raised or flattened , according to the moment . strong , short , decurved bill is black . eyes are dark brown . legs and feet are black .
the international turaco society was set up in 1993 by a group of turaco enthusiasts who met at the cotswold wildlife park in burford ( oxfordshire in england ) . anyone interested in any aspect of keeping or breeding turacos is welcome to join . our membership also includes corporate members such as public zoos and bird gardens…
note : the reference for the information following is
roberts birds of southern africa
, 7th edition * . this edition contained a number of taxonomic changes as well as changes to english names used traditionally and in earlier editions of most bird books in south africa . the following paragraph notes such changes if any .
it was very difficult to take photographs from the kayak because of the choppy water ( the wind was blowing quite strongly ) and the lack of any way that we could anchor the kayak in one spot . most of the photographs shown here were therefore taken from well away from the heronry , whilst standing in water that was over a metre deep and flowing quite briskly .
the map of the kruger you see on this page shows the areas ( coloured orange ) where this bird has been identified . the basic information was provided by the avian demographic unit based at uct and i created the maps from that information . . . the green dots show the locations of the various kruger national park rest camps
taxonomy : falco piscator boddaert , 1783 , senegal . formerly listed as c . africanus , on grounds that name piscator was based on illustration of a bird unidentifiable as present species . believed closely related to c . zonurus , with which has been considered conspecific . proposed race obscuratus ( from e cameroon ) considered invalid . monotypic .
it’s my acknowledgement of how much i love zimbabwe . after being away for so long , this was my chance to immerse myself in zimbabwe again – the sights and scents and sounds . i tried to reflect it honestly , because it’s very important to me not to gloss over the difficult things . it’s my history , my culture , i wanted to capture it , as it was .
to be honest , i can’t really remember a time when i wasn’t writing . i love my blog – i think i’d go crazy without an outlet like this , a way to allow me to connect with people around the world , and share the things that are important to me . i’m very fortunate to be in this position where i can write and have it be so accessible .
just to go back to the book for a moment , i want to look at the character of jonah for a moment . when he comes back , after elise behaves despicably and causes his firing , for the funeral , i read that as an act of respect for a man who had been his friend . a friend of mine read it as an act of intimidation , demonstrating that he could be anywhere , even during a time of grief .
an attractive little bird that is found in the wetter parts of southern africa , and further north as far as ethiopia , is the yellow - breasted apalis . although fairly common within the southern part of its range , it can be quite difficult to locate as it favours woodlands , riparian forests and other patches of quiet bush . in namibia it is found only in the north - west , along the perennial river system .
i remember the first time a gab came into our garden to drink water . helga phoned me at work to tell me this incredible news . little did we know that a few months later a gathering of these birds would sit in the dombeya [ wild pear ] tree above the bird feeder in the morning , waiting for me to dish up their granny smith apple for breakfast , even having the audacity to call me names .
it’s really…a strange thing to think about . i can’t imagine ever not going back , and i can’t imagine ever not wanting to go back , but a few years ago , it was so painful that the moment that i left zimbabwe , i tried to put it all behind me . it’s almost as though i tried to forget , but the way it is , it’s like zimbabwe is such a huge part of who i am , the person that i am . a person can’t just forget that . it’s a warm living part of me .
commonly found in pairs or small groups , the double - banded sandgrouse may gather in much larger groups at water sources , which they frequent most commonly in the early morning . although not a noisy bird , there is often a conversational “ weeu - weeu , chuck - chuck ” carried on at this time . the birds are generally crepuscular ( isn’t that a lovely word – crepuscular ? ) and after their morning activities may spend a large part of the day in a shady spot , feeding again in the evening and even at night .
we were able to identify a surprising variety of birds from that single spot – african spoonbills , little egrets , cattle egrets , squacco herons , black - crowned night herons , grey herons , reed cormorants , great egrets and two species that are seldom found in this area , the glossy ibis and black heron . in the same vicinity , but not actually nesting in the herony , we saw blacksmith lapwings , red - knobbed coots , red - billed teals and egyptian geese . all these water birds nesting , breeding and raising families in an area that was dry bushveld just a few weeks ago ! absolutely astounding !
one of the most common of the collared ( or ring - necked ) doves found in the southern african region is the cape turtle - dove and its distinctive call can be heard almost throughout the region . it is not a call that i enjoy hearing while i am on holiday or out in the veld for the weekend , for it sounds ominously like a guilt - inducing “ work harder ! work harder ! ” and the dove repeats this admonition almost endlessly , at all times of the day . we choose to think , in the late afternoon , that the bird is actually encouraging us to “ drink lager ! dring lager ! “ . this doesn’t fit the call quite as well , perhaps , but is a lot easier to comply with .
closely related to c . personatus and c . leopoldi . races pallidiceps and bechuanae intergrade in w botswana . described form cuanhamae ( from sw angola ) is considered doubtfully separable from bechuanae , and chobiensis ( from r chobe , in n botswana ) is synonymized with pallidiceps . four subspecies currently recognized .
clancey , 1964 – e angola through s drcongo , zambia and n malawi to s tanzania and adjacent areas of n mozambique .
neumann , 1899 – w angola s to c namibia , extending seasonally to w botswana .
roberts , 1932 – s & se angola and ne namibia through botswana and the caprivi strip to sw zambia , the zimbabwe plateau , and n south africa ( c & w limpopo and north west provinces ) .
( a . smith , 1833 ) – s malawi and n mozambique s to ne & e south africa ( e limpopo to n kwazulu - natal ) and e swaziland .
quite vocal . vocabulary consists of several , mainly short , nasal calls , often repeated in series . . . .
typically in thornbush , savanna and riparian woodlands , generally showing a preference for . . .
breeds jul–aug in angola , apr–nov in malawi , aug–sept in zambia , sept and dec–apr in namibia , and all months in . . .
while there is much local wandering in relation to fluctuating food and water supplies , no regular . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . throughout much of its range this is a common species , often found in flocks of up to 30 at drinking and feeding sites , or perched . . .
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nest is a loose platform made with sticks and twigs of about 20 to 24 cm in diameter , situated at 3 to 20 metres above the ground . both sexes build the nest , often hidden among dense foliage but not necessarily . female lays 1 to 4 eggs , usually 3 , white or pale blue , and slightly glossy . incubation lasts about 26 to 28 days , shared by both adults . female broods at night . chicks are covered in dense brownish down . both parents feed them by regurgitation . when young are 2 to 3 weeks old , they are able to clamber around the nest into branches . they leave the nest 23 days after hatching , and they can fly at one month . parents still feed them for 40 to 45 days , and young become independent at 7 weeks of age .