the asities are a group of birds in the family eurylaimidae , members of the broadbills .

the asities consist of four species in two genera endemic to madagascar .

the neodrepanis species are known as sunbird-asities and were formerly known as false sunbirds .

asity

small - billed asity , small - billed false sunbird , yellow - bellied sunbird - asity .
“legal permanent protection of these sites gives long term security to all asity’s efforts as well as biodiversity conservation” , said vony raminoarisoa , director of asity madagascar .
range : the velvet asity is found in the rainforest belt in e madagascar .
many people know n . coruscans as either as wattled sunbird asity , or merely sunbird asity , and n . hypoxantha as yellow - bellied sunbird asity , even though both species have wattles and yellow bellies ! here , we follow lambert , who coined the sensible name common sunbird asity for the former ( 11 ) .
until 2008 , asity operated mainly in it urbanism and software platforms design and development .
the yellow - bellied asity is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
. there are currently 2 recognized genera and 4 species of asities . the four species are : velvet asity (
asity madagascar promeut le changement de comportement à long terme chez les communautés et les futurs utilisateurs des ressources naturelles . . .
the yellow - bellied asity has been seen associating with mixed species flocks , probably to provide protection from predators ( 2 ) .
the velvet asity is probably sedentary as no seasonal movements are reported . it has short wings and flies mainly between its foraging areas .
there are four species of asity , each quite unique . a most prized and local species is schlegel ' s asity ( left ; photo of a pair © lois goldfrank ) . as can be seen in the photo , males have colorful blue wattles around the eye .
razafindratsita , v . m . ( 1995 ) . the feeding ecology of the velvet asity ( philapetta ) dea university of antanarivo , madagascar .
even though our individual stories start well before asity was founded , our more than 15 years history ( 2003 ) is rich in breakthroughs and pivots .
the two species which i did not see [ schlegel ' s asity philepitta schlegeli and yellow - bellied ( or small - billed ) asity neodrepanis hypoxantha ] are scarce and local . a fine article on the identification and status of the two species in the genus neodrepanis is hawkins et al . ( 1997 ) . the two neodrepanis asities are nectarivorous . schlegel ' s asity is more of a frugivore but it , like neodrepanis , has a brush - tipped tongue .
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range : the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity is patchily distributed along the rainforest belt of e madagascar . it is usually restricted to the higher mountain areas .
the male is very distinctive , but the female can be distinguished from the velvet asity by the pale fleshy eye - ring , and the yellow - tinged underparts .
hawkins , a . f . a . 1994 . the nest of schlegel ' s asity philepitta schlegeli . bull . african bird club 1 : 77 - 78 .
the world conservation union ( iucn ) lists the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity as endangered , facing a very high risk of extinction , and schlegel ' s asity as near threatened , in danger of becoming threatened with extinction . the endangered designation for the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity may be based on old data in which the species was believed to inhabit only a few mountain forest areas . according to a recent article by prum and razafindratsita , more recent surveys have found the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity to be widely distributed and plentiful throughout mountain forests along most of the east coast of madagascar , and all four species of asity to be plentiful in their ranges and in no danger of extinction . the common sunbird - asity has been found in densities of a thousand individuals per 0 . 4 square miles ( 1 square kilometer ) . yellow - bellied asities have been recorded in densities of over 2 , 600 individuals per 0 . 4 square miles ( 1 square kilometer ) .
protection / threats / status : the velvet asity is fairly common throughout its restricted range and the population is suspected to be stable . it frequents parts of rainforest in the e of the island that are not immediately threatened by clearance . in addition , this species occurs in several protected parks and reserves . the velvet asity is currently evaluated as least concern .
the schlegel ' s asity ( philepitta schlegeli ) is a species of bird in the philepittidae family . it is endemic to madagascar . | flowers / wings / 7 | pinterest | …
the yellow - bellied asity is also known as the ‘false sunbird’ , but can be distinguished from sunbirds ( nectariniidae species ) by the lack of yellow on the primary feathers , a more extensive eye wattle on the male , and a shorter and less curved bill . the yellow - bellied asity also has a shorter tail and is smaller in size than a sunbird ( 3 ) .
prum , r . , and v . razafindratsita .
lek behavior and natural history of the velvet asity ( philepitta castanea : eurylaimidae ) .
wilson bulletin 109 ( 1997 ) : 371–392 .
protection / threats / status : the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity has very restricted range and occurs in fragmented areas vulnerable to fire . however , this species is present in several protected parks and reserves . the population is roughly estimated to number 15 , 000 / 30 , 000 individuals and is suspected to be declining . the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity is currently listed as vulnerable .
asity madagascar is co - manager of each of the sites together with local communities , and has already been fulfilling this role to ensure the sites’ conservation for several years . previously unprotected , they were made temporary protected areas in 2008 and protection has now been made permanent . this , alongside the development of asity madagascar as a strong , national conservation ngo , is an amazing achievement from the 18 years since birdlife began working in madagascar .
many areas that the yellow - bellied asity inhabits are now protected . these include andohahela national park , anjanaharibe classified forest , marojejy national park , tsaratanana strict reserve , zahamena national park , and others ( 2 ) . however , there is currently little being done to conserve the yellow - bellied asity directly . more research into its population size and behaviour needs to be done to aid any conservation efforts for this species ( 4 ) .
price , r . d . and k . p . johnson .
myrsidea willardi , a new species of chewing louse ( phthiraptera : menoponidae ) from schlegel ' s asity ( passeriformes : philepittidae ) . ,
the yellow - bellied asity is typically found in mossy , humid , evergreen woodland , at elevations above 1 , 200 metres . it is usually found in the canopy and sub - canopy of the forest ( 2 ) .
andrianarimisa , a . 1995 . a record of the sunbird asity neodrepanis coruscans in the rèserve spèciale d ' ambohitantely . newsletter of the working group on birds in the madagascar region 5 ( 2 ) : 8 - 9 .
the female yellow - bellied asity lacks a wattle and is generally duller than the male , with muted green plumage and a darker yellow breast , an appearance that gives good camouflage within its forest habitat ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
this small bird species is known for its fearless attitude when defending nectar sources from rivals , the male flashing its bright yellow throat at any intruders ( 2 ) . the yellow - bellied asity will even aggressively display towards humans ( 2 ) .
the yellow - bellied asity is endemic to the island of madagascar , where it is found in the eastern forests . it is known from the morojejy and anjanaharibe - sud massifs in the north to the andohahela massif in the south ( 2 ) .
habitat : the velvet asity frequents the primary rainforest and can be seen at the edges . it also occurs in adjacent secondary forest with fruiting and flowering trees . it is rare or absent below 400 metres and above 1 , 600 metres of elevation .
the female yellow - bellied asity constructs a hanging , pear - shaped , globular nest from interwoven sticks and vegetation , with an entrance hole built into the side ( 5 ) . this species has been observed nesting between november and january ( 2 ) .
the yellow - bellied asity ( neodrepanis hypoxantha ) is a tiny and brilliantly coloured bird with a short tail and a long , downward - curved black bill ( 3 ) . the male yellow - bellied asity has striking plumage , with black upperparts that are speckled with iridescent blue ( 4 ) . this species acquires its common name from the plumage of the underparts , which are a brilliant , clean yellow . the male has a large wattle that extends from the bill to behind the eyes and is bright blue in colour ( 2 ) .
the male of schlegel’s asity ( p . schlegeli ) is yellow after molt , except for its black crown , and the wattle extends around the eye . velvet asities eat berries and other fruit in undergrowth , and they build hanging nests with a little roof over the entrance .
asity was founded in 2003 by two individuals with about 2 decades of experience . one has a background in design , including design thinking , product design , graphic design , web design , it architecture and urbanism and the other one has a background in industrial security and quality insurance .
calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity utters single , loud , high - pitched “tip” note , usually repeated at short intervals . in flight , it produces a buzzing or wing - whirring , probably caused by the long , emarginated first primaries .
the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity is probably sedentary and only performs some altitudinal movements during the cold season from june to september , related to food availability . during this period , it may join mixed - species flocks . this species is always very active and appears to be in constant motion .
as hinted by its long , curved bill , the yellow - bellied asity is primarily a nectar feeder , using its elongated , tube - like tongue to probe the wide variety of plant species that have been recorded as its nectar sources . this species also eats small insects and other arthropods ( 4 ) .
the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity adult male in breeding plumage has iridescent blue - black upperparts including crown , neck , mantle , scapulars , wing - coverts , tertials and rump . tail and flight feathers are mostly black . the underparts are bright yellow , but underwing - coverts and axillaries are pale yellow with dark bases .
. . . the effect of disorder in 2d natural photonic structures was first investigated in the structure surrounding the eye of the velvet asity philepitta castanea ( fig . 10c ) ( prum et al . , 1994 ) . the structure consists of a 2d array of collagen fibres as seen in fig . 8b - c . . . .
on the basis of its apparent scarcity at marojejy ( 5 , 15 ) and the fact that only 13 museum specimens had been collected before 1993 , yellow - bellied sunbird asity was treated as endangered in birds to watch 2 ( 3 ) . however , it is now clear that it is common within its limited altitudinal range . its habitat area is certainly being reduced , but at least some populations are present in areas under no immediate threat from clearance . common sunbird asity is present in almost all eastern rainforest reserves , and is most abundant in the altitude range where most rainforest remains , between 800 - 1 , 300 m . it is not , therefore , currently threatened with extinction .
behaviour in the wild : the velvet asity is largely frugivorous but it also takes nectar and some arthropods . the fruits are those of understorey shrubs , and especially rubiaceae , euphorbiaceae , piperaceae and melastomataceae and other plant genera . this species is a good seed disperser . during the nesting period , the chicks are fed on regurgitated fruit flesh by the adults . the bird picks the fruit while perched , or it gets the food after a brief hover in front of the plant to detach the fruit from its support . according to the season , the velvet asity also consumes nectar from bakerella plants . it occasionally takes arthropods and small invertebrates by sally - glean and flycatching when plant matter is not available during the cold season .
during the breeding season , the vivid male yellow - bellied asity will display to the duller female . in flight , the wings of the displaying male make a loud whirring noise . this seems to be made by a needle - like primary feather , which is only present in the breeding male and so is likely to have a role in sexual display ( 4 ) .
the yellow - bellied asity has a small range that is severely fragmented and at risk from degradation by fires used for clearing neighbouring farmland ( 2 ) . although the higher - elevation forests in eastern madagascar are generally less threatened then other forests on the island , habitat destruction due to clearance for agriculture is a possible future threat to this species ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
hawkins , f . ( 2018 ) . velvet asity ( philepitta castanea ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
amongst the ornithological wonders of madagascar is a genus of sunbird - like nectarivores , the sunbird asities neodrepanis . visitors to the island are often impressed by the beauty of the easily seen species , common sunbird asity , but as the plates show , it looks almost dingy compared to the luminous brilliance of its much rarer congener , which is surely one of the world ' s most stunning birds .
hawkins , f . ( 2018 ) . schlegel ' s asity ( philepitta schlegeli ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
hawkins , f . & bonan , a . ( 2018 ) . common sunbird - asity ( neodrepanis coruscans ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
habitat : the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity occurs in rainforest and can be seen on exposed ridges from 1 , 200 metres or on higher areas up to 1 , 400 metres of elevation to the treeline . it favours areas with shrubby vegetation , and frequents both canopy and subcanopy of montane rainforest , locally up to 2 , 650 metres . however , it is usually more common between mid - elevation forest and moss forest .
male yellow - bellied sunbird asities in breeding plumage have the crown , nape , mantle and scapular feathers all black , widely edged brilliant royal - blue . the wing feathers lack the yellow fringes shown by common sunbird asity . the underparts are an intense buttercup yellow . the caruncle is larger and more corrugated than that of the common sunbird asity , extending as far in front of the eye as behind , and joining ( aside from a few bristly feathers on the lores ) with the extensive blue ( basally ) and green ( distally ) bare skin on the basal half of the bill ; it also projects further upwards , sometimes compressing the crown feathers into a kind of mohican - style crest . it is royal blue around the edges , with turquoise spots on the elevated parts ( notably on the lower margin , where the corrugations suggest a series of brilliant blue spots under the eye ) and bright lime green in the middle .
both species of neodrepanis appear to be rare or absent from the few highland forest relict patches on madagascar ' s central plateau that have been surveyed . a single record of common sunbird asity at about 1 , 300 m in ambohitantely special reserve ( 2 ) , one such isolated patch ( by about 200 km ) , suggests either that this species can survive in small forest blocks for long periods at very low densities , or that it is capable of moving fairly long distances .
the philepittids are especially vulnerable to the widespread destruction of forested habitats occurring on madagascar . the most seriously threatened species is the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity ( neodrepanis hypoxantha ) , which is considered endangered . it was also added to appendix i of cites in 1995 . this species was recently reclassified from critically endangered due to studies that indicate its population may be larger than previously thought . however , it remains threatened because of its very small , fragmented range and continuing decline of its habitat .
calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the velvet asity has two usual calls . the first one is a rhythmic , high - pitched , repeated “whee - doo” with emphasized first syllable . the other call is a long series of “weet” notes usually uttered by males at leks . while foraging or when adults are tending young , they give short “wit” notes and thin , high “seeeeee” . the male in flight produces a whirring sound , and during the displays , the wings make a mechanical noise .
asities build ragged globular nests which are hung from the tips of branches . nest construction is apparently only by females who first build a hollow sphere and then poke a hole in the side for an entrance . the male photographed in ranamanfana reserve was hanging around such a nest in a social group that included another male , a female , and an immature male . later , in perinet reserve , a local guide took us to an old asity nest that was then being used as day - time sleeping quarters for an eastern mouse - lemur
a much more useful distinction is the call . the typical call of common sunbird asity is an instantly recognisable burst of high - pitched ( up to 8khz ) , vigorous notes , see - see - see - see - see - see . the sequence often starts at a rate of 5 - 8 notes per second but trails off with further , single or repeated notes of the same kind . birds may call repeatedly from perches over periods of 10 - 20 minutes . this call is audible from 50 - 100 m , especially if there is no or little intervening vegetation .
the genus neodrepanis is characterised by a tiny body with a short tail , a fine , strongly decurved bill and , during the breeding season , strong sexual dichromatism . males in breeding plumage are brilliant blue and black above and variably bright yellow below , with extraordinary blue and green facial caruncles . females , males in non - breeding plumage and immatures are dull blue - green above , lack caruncles and are variably yellowish below ; some female - plumaged birds ( at least for common sunbird asity ) have a half - sized caruncle and may be immature males . in winter , males are often seen with traces of breeding plumage coloration .
most observations suggest that the philepittids are polygynous . the most convincing evidence comes from detailed observations of the velvet asity . the males of this species defend territories no more than 66–100 ft ( 20–30 m ) in diameter , within which males perform three displays , including wing - flapping , an open - mouth display , and an open - mouth display coupled with hanging inverted from their perch . other observations , such as groups of male schlegel ' s asities ( philepitta schlegeli ) calling simultaneously and an upside - down open - mouth display by the yellow false - sunbird , suggest that a polygynous mating system may be widespread in this family .
the velvet asity adult male in breeding plumage has velvety black plumage overall , except the small , yellow spot at bend of wing and on alula , and sometimes a few yellow fringes on head . wings and tail feathers are mostly dark brown . on the head , we can see a bright lime green supraorbital wattle or caruncle extending from ear - coverts to forehead , and ending into a horn over the bill base . there is a narrow blue line over the eye too . the eyes are dark brown . the bill is black and slightly decurved , with yellow or grey gape . legs and feet are dull pale olive - green .
sunbirds in the genus nectarinia have long , thin , downcurved bills for reaching into flowers to sip nectar , much like the bills of hummingbirds and other nectar - feeding bird species among the asity - sunbirds ( family philepittidae ) and hawaiian honeycreepers . species in genus anthreptes , considered the most primitive of the genera , have short , straight bills and chiefly feed by gleaning ( plucking ) insects from leaves , although they add nectar and fruits to their diets . species of the genus aethopyga have short bills and are among the most brilliantly colored animals alive . species of genus arachnothera , the spiderhunters , have low - key green , yellow , and gray plumage and most have very long , downcurved bills .
the velvet asity is polygynous . the male maintains several small territories only used for displaying . several males compete in these leks while calling . they perform ritual displays to attract females . some of them are described . the bright - coloured caruncle is enhanced by adapted postures . the male adopts an erect posture and slightly leans forwards over the branch while extending the neck and inflating the caruncle . it also performs wing - flapping to display the yellow spot of the alula . other display shows the yellow gape of the male . when the male is very excited , it turns around the branch and ends up in a normal posture . the open - gape posture is mostly used between males and some fights may occur .
behaviour in the wild : the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity feeds on nectar and small invertebrates caught both in the air and from various surfaces . the nectar is taken from a wide variety of pink , red and white flowers , both native and exotic , and especially from plants of genus bakerella . these plants have long , recurved flowers well - adapted to the bill shape . however , some observations suggest that the bird does not insert the bill very far into the flower , but prefers to use its long tongue . insects are found by probing under bark and in bark crevices , or in hanging dead vegetation . it also eats the small insects visiting the flowers , and consumes small caterpillars and spiders .
the yellow - bellied sunbird - asity is suspected to be polygynous . thanks to observations , some displays have been described . the male flips around a perch , but the displays show first the male leaning well forwards on the perch while the throat feathers are fluffed . it turns the head in order to display the bright - coloured caruncles and upperparts . these displays are often directed towards other males or at intruders , including humans . other displays include wing - flapping , also a posture in which the male’s bill is lowered and touches the breast while the crown feathers are erected and the tail depressed . these displays are accompanied by loud calls by the male , while the female touches the male’s back with her bill and slightly flutters her wings .
sunbird asities share with the philepitta asities and the other broadbills the habit of placing near - spherical nests in understorey shrubs or low trees ( 8 , 12 ) . the sexual dichromatism and poorly understood displays of sunbird asities indicate some interesting social structure . in flight , the wings make a remarkably loud whirring ( almost trilling ) noise . this noise seems loudest in breeding - plumaged males and , to rs , also seemed louder in yellow - bellied than in common sunbird asity . it may be made by the needle - like first primary , which is only present in breeding - plumaged males and is longer in the yellow - bellied species . perhaps it is used in display . a fascinating study awaits the behavioural ecologist willing to invest some time in these species .
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female and immature sunbird asities are more difficult to identify . the extent and intensity of the yellow are the best diagnostic plumage characters . in common sunbird asity , yellow is confined to the flanks and undertail ( sometimes including the belly ) , and is rather dull even there . the breast and throat are dull , pale olive , often with a tinge of yellow . female and juvenile yellow - bellied sunbird asities usually have brighter yellow underparts , sometimes approaching the intensity and uniformity of males , but usually duller . the yellow is often most intense on the breast or throat . it appears that female common sunbird asities are never bright yellow on the throat . ah has , however , seen yellow - bellied sunbird asities showing a pattern similar to common sunbird asities , being rather dull olive - green tinged yellow on the throat and breast , but yellower on the flanks . some such birds have narrow pale fringes to the greater and median coverts . these birds are presumably immatures , but the plumage sequences are not understood .
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improved understanding of the biodiversity of madagascar and its conservation in natural ecosystems , and the promotion of its scientific , social , economic , cultural and ecological importance in madagascar and world - wide .
birdlife has facilitated legally binding protection for more than 2 , 000 important bird areas . overall , 40 % of all global 11 , 000 ibas enjoy some degree of protection
there is 1 member of birdlife staff for every 1 . 4 species of bird ; or 5 . 6 members of staff for every bird species threatened with extinction
more than 2 , 000 local groups actively monitor and conserve
their
important bird areas . they are birdlife ' s eyes and ears on the ground , watchdogs of the state of ibas , and passionate campaigners for their protection .
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association burundaise pour la protection de la nature ( abn ) is working closely with a local volunteer group to sustainably preserve the remaining natural resources , rehabilitate degraded areas and improve the living . . .
three of the most important sites in madagascar for nature have been given permanent protection by the government of madagascar , thanks largely to the efforts of ( birdlife in madagascar ) .
the sites – the , mangoky - ihotry wetland complex and – protect almost 800 , 000 ha of madagascar’s ecosystems and are host to an array of endemic and threatened species and habitats .
from sakalava rail and madagascar fish eagle of the wetlands , to the rainforest flora and fauna of tsitongambarika , the diversity of wild life is breathtaking . the list of species also includes still unnamed , newly discovered frogs and reptiles .
combined , the sites protect 18 threatened and 8 near threatened bird species , the two wetlands each holding a remarkable four to five endangered and one critically endangered species .
even though the protection does not come with funding and other resources for management , these are no mere ‘paper parks’ . the work to protect these areas began over 10 years ago , and management activities have shown some excellent successes in all phentermine three sites . the designations will provide many benefits to help to expand this , including a legal framework , incentives and political backing for conservation and sustainable development of the sites , preventing large - scale developments that could damage them .
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arthropods a major grouping of animals that includes crustaceans , insects and arachnids . all arthropods have paired jointed limbs and a hard external skeleton ( exoskeleton ) . endemic a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area . evergreen a plant which retains leaves all year round . this is in contrast to deciduous plants , which completely lose their leaves for part of the year . primary feathers the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird’s wing . wattle a fleshy organ that hangs from the bill , throat or eye of some bird species .
del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . and christie , d . a . ( 2003 ) handbook of the birds of the world . volume 8 : broadbills to tapaculos . lynx edicions , barcelona .
hawkins , f . , safford , r . , duckworth , w . and evans , m . ( 1997 ) field identification and status of the sunbird asities of madagascar . african bird club , 4 ( 1 ) : 36 - 41 .
prum , r . o . ( 1993 ) phylogeny , biogeography , and evolution of the broadbills ( eurylaimidae ) and asities ( philepittidae ) based on morphology . the auk , 110 : 304 - 324 .
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all black ; at the same time , a green wattle grows above the eye . the female is greenish . the male of
) is yellow after molt , except for its black crown , and the wattle extends around the eye . velvet asities eat berries and other
in undergrowth , and they build hanging nests with a little roof over the entrance .
…two species of asities ( philepitta ) are plump , stout - legged pitta - like birds that browse foliage for berries and other fruit . the false sunbirds ( neodrepanis ) are smaller and have weak legs and longer down - curved bills with which they dip into flowers for nectar and small insects . they were formerly classified with the…
philepittidae , , bird family , order passeriformes , consisting of the asities and false sunbirds , four species of small birds confined to the forests of madagascar . members range in size from 9 to 16 . 5 centimetres ( 3 . 5 to 6 . 5 inches ) long . the two species of asities ( philepitta ) are plump , …
passeriform , ( order passeriformes ) , any member of the largest order of birds and the dominant avian group on earth today . the passeriform birds are true perching birds , with four toes , three directed forward and one backward . considered the most highly evolved of all birds , passerines have…
suboscine , in general , any bird of the suborder tyranni of the order passeriformes ( perching birds , or passerines ) as distinguished from an oscine , or songbird , a member of the suborder passeri . the term suboscine implies , perhaps rightly , that birds of this group are more primitive in anatomy and…
bird , ( class aves ) , any of the more than 10 , 400 living species unique in having feathers , the major characteristic that distinguishes them from all other animals . a more - elaborate definition would note that they are warm - blooded vertebrates more related to reptiles than to mammals and that they…
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horse , ( equus caballus ) , a hoofed , herbivorous mammal of the family equidae . it comprises a single species , …
animal , ( kingdom animalia ) , any of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms ( i . e . , as distinct from…
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design products that fit user needs & market constraints for innovative and tech industry fields .
the famous design thinking approach and process lets you establish with certainty the path that leads to the customers’ fit .
with your team and with our expertise to transmit and to apply it , we work together to develop the best possible and realistic outcome that fit users ' tasks and needs .
* design thinking : design strategies involving enlarged team collaboration and user centric approaches to create values and market opportunities .
user experience design is the major breakthrough from recent years as regards the design of products that succeed and build customer loyalty .
let us apply its methods throughout the project inception process , with your team or as an external team , in order to harness the elements that lead to positive emotional design .
* ux design : conception strategies involving real users ( potential and / or actual ) to ensure the best final usability of and interaction with the product .
applying this approach alongside the design & development process guarantees to maintain the reality of product economics among all project team members .
* mix marketing : foundation of marketing synthesized into the balance equation of the 4p’s for product , price , promotion , place .
globally , on a project or a part of it , choose 1 or more out of our 4 service modes , each including tools of design thinking , ux design and mix marketing .
or testing , we work with your team to discover customers , markets , usages , needs and experience feedback to build the foundation of product fit , positive emotional user experience and a better team empathy for the public of the product .
and develop know - how , rapid development approaches and empathy guidance techniques to avoid losing focus and excess time spent on locating fitting market products .
your team members take benefit from design thinking , ux design and mix marketing collaborative practices .
your team know - how with the best successful practices of project guidance and operation , alongside a current project or more globally .
arm your project , team and skills with the most powerful tools of successful design .
we love technology and so our expertise is primarily along technical industry sectors . we can give good advice in other industries , but not as fast and accurately as in the technical industry .
startups and well - established companies use very different approaches and resources to develop their ideas and projects . because we are familiar with both startups and major companies we can therefore size the project appropriately .
the design thinking philosophy associated with the lean startup approach is the best ever path carved by startup experienced entrepreneurs .
together we’ll give a definitive thrust to your new company and products to fit their future markets .
the ux thinking techniques are definitely the most advanced methods to convert engineering ideas into amazing products that found their outlets and harmoniously met all internal needs like commercial and financial constraints .
let’s build a project team for a new or a current project , and grow the global proficiencies .
because the product is still the basic requirement to succeed , mix marketing used simultaneously with design techniques and approaches is the runway for every product project .
take the opportunity to address the customer with the best end - to - end product & experience about your company .
« i always think that there are two products at the end of a programme ; there is the physical product or the service , the thing that you have managed to make , and then there is all that you have learned . the power of what you have learned enables you to do the next thing and it enables you to do the next thing better . »
take a glance at some of our more representative works . note that we can’t communicate on all projects we worked for because of non - disclosure agreements .
- develop a product very quickly , integrating all ux known needs as well as those to be discovered as fast as possible while prototyping and testing it .
- sell out - coming advanced prototypes to experience use in real conditions and iterate fast corrections prior to issuing pre - series .
- able to be broken into several parts for easy transport by car or in aircraft baggage hold .
- be modular to allow different capture heads and to facilitate maintenance and spare management .
- match normal human walk behavior to avoid muscle trouble during long - duration captures .
- discover true agricultural needs and requirements , both economically and technically , as regards to farm management .
- carve the new version , taking into account public needs and economic ways of development among key actors of the field .
- try as most as possible to avoid lost user conditions by integrating an everywhere assistant system including both data collection ( form ) and step - by - step conducted process .
- help the team to become more empathic with its users to improve future evolutions .
- help the stakeholders to improve design and development process to ensure an increased user experience control .
discover market target needs and requirements as regards to computing services & conveniences in small range companies and computing distributors .
develop a product based both on off - the - shelf hard and soft components in order to concentrate on the best possible system integration simplicity and ux .
- a heavy simple binding mechanism for desktop , tablet and mobile for all the box conveniences .
- let distributors have enough deep but hidden parameters so they remain needed and to play their part in the product integration vectors .
behind each of these company logos stand evolution periods during which we dealt with their stakeholders , aiming to achieve thrive and breakthrough for their well - established companies or startups struggling to survive .
our team is built upon 2 main essential values : like to pass their love of design and empathy techniques plus the passion to learn and teach .
in 2009 we began a new product and service design period including all - in - one products made with hardware , software and service .
beginning in 2010 , “ the art of the start ” and “ lean startup ” drew a new period in our design approaches .
in 2011 , the return to public surveying & marketing practices marked the foundation of our ux design ( user experience ) approaches .
technique developments around mix marketing allowed for an evolution of our design skills on the cx aspects ( customer experience ) of products and companies .
in 2016 we elaborated on our own technology and processes including tools to improve empathy , research , modeling , project framing and to train team members .
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andraca lawa is a moth of the endromidae family .

it is found in the philippines ( palawan ) .

the wingspan is 39 – 48 mm for males and about 60 mm for females .

the forewings are reddish-brown with narrow transversal lines and a small , point-like blackish distal dot , as well as yellow external spots and bluish suffusion .

the hindwings are slightly lighter , with the posmedian deeply lunate in the anal area .

adults are on wing in march , july , august , october and november , probably in two or more generations per year .

andraca lawa

the genus andraca walker , 1865 , is divided into two subgenera , one of them new : chrypathemola zolt . , subgen . nov . ( type species andraca apodecta swinhoe , 1907 ) . the following new species are described : andraca draco , sp . nov . ( from java ) ; andraca lawa , sp . nov . ( from palawan ) , andraca paradisea , sp . nov . ( from philippines ) , andraca chrysocollis , sp . nov . ( from philippines ) and andraca . . . [ show full abstract ]
the genus andraca walker , 1865 , is divided into two subgenera , one of them new : chrypathemola zolt . , subgen . nov . ( type species andraca apodecta swinhoe , 1907 ) . the following new species are described : andraca draco , sp . nov . ( from java ) ; andraca lawa , sp . nov . ( from palawan ) , andraca paradisea , sp . nov . ( from philippines ) , andraca chrysocollis , sp . nov . ( from philippines ) and andraca ( chrypathemola ) nobilorum , sp . nov . ( from vietnam ) . a male lectotype for andraca bipunctata walker , 1865 is designated from the collection of zmhu ; this designation led to the new synonymy : andraca bipunctata walker , 1865 = andraca angulata kishida , 1993 , syn . nov . the systematics of the family bombycidae is briefly discussed .
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taxonomic remarks on andraca walker , 1865 ( lepidoptera : bombycidae ) with descriptions of five new sp . . .
the six species of the genus andraca walker hitherto known from china are reviewed , and a new species , andraca gongshanensis , sp . n . , described from yunnan province , china . adults and male genitalia of all examined species are illustrated , together with a distributional map . a key to all seven chinese andraca species is provided . the types of the new species are deposited in scau ( south china . . . [ show full abstract ]
the chinese andraca is revised with the check - list annotated . a new bombycid geographic subspecies , andraca nobilorum houtuae wang & zolotuhin subsp . nov . , is described from damingshan national nature reserve , south china . the new subspecies differs from the nominate a . nobilorum in central vietnam by the darker marker at the apex of the forewing indistinct but prominent in the holotype of a . nobilorum , and its male genitalia with the apex of valva slenderer and pointed . a key to the chinese andraca species and pseudandraca flavamaculata , and the distributional maps are given . the male holotype specimen of the new subspecies is deposited in scau ( south china agricultural university , guangzhou , china ) . se describe una nueva especie de bombycidae , andraca nobilorum houtuae wang & zolotuhin sp . nov . , de la reserva natural nacional de damingshan de la región autónoma de guangxi en el sur de china . las manchas en las alas de la nueva especie son muy diferentes de otras especies de andraca , y los genitales masculinos son muy similares a a . theae matsumura , pero se distingue por tener el uncus más ancho , el ápice de la valvula bifurcado , la 1 / 3 parte distal de la valvula bien esclerotizada con una proyección casi triangular en la parte basal interior de la valva , aedeago más corto y más recto . se provee una lista de las especies del género andraca . los especímenes tipo de la nueva especie estan depositados en scau ( universidad agrícola del sur de china en guangzhou , china ) .
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. . . sampling and dna extraction larvae of a . theae were collected from a tea plantation located in panxian town ( liupanshui city , guizhou province , china ; 25 49 0 n , 104 38 0 e ) in october 2015 and were provided by hui - zhu wang . species identification of the specimens was based onwang et al . ( 2011 wang et al . ( , 2012 wang et al . ( , 2015 ) . genomic dna was extracted from fresh larvae using a wizard genomic dna purification kit ( promega , beijing , china ) according to the manufacturer ' s instruction . . . .
the fauna of the family bombycidae sensu lato ( insecta , lepidoptera , bombycoidea ) from mainland chin . . .
seventy - seven species of family bombycidae s . lat . , belonging to 25 genera in three subfamilies , that have been recorded from china are listed and described , with illustrations of the adults , preimaginal stages ( if available ) , and their genitalia . keys to subfamilies and genera are provided . two new genera and four new species are described , two subgenera are raised to generic status , seven . . . [ show full abstract ]
a taxonomic review of oberthueria kirby , 1892 ( lepidoptera , bombycidae : oberthuerinae ) with descript . . .
the genus oberthueria kirby , 1892 is revised and three new species are described : o . yandu zolotuhin & xing wang , sp . nov . ( tl : china , sichuan , volong reserve , siguliang shan ) , o . jiatongae zolotuhin & xing wang , sp . nov . ( tl : china , prov . shaanxi , taibaishan mts ( s ) , tsinling mts . , foping nt ) , and o . lunwan zolotuhin & xing wang , sp . nov . ( tl : yunnan prov . ( nw ) , dali bai autonom pref , yulong . . . [ show full abstract ]
a new bombycid genus valvaribifidum is described based on v . huananense sp . nov . from south china . trilocha sinica dierl , 1979 is transferred to the new genus , i . e . , valvaribifidum sinica ( dierl 1979 ) comb . nov . the genus is separable from its closely related genus triuncina dierl , 1978 by male genitalia with valva bifid postmedially , costa long sickleshaped , sacculus inflated , gnathos . . . [ show full abstract ]
the genus had been placed in the family bombycidae for over 150 years , but was recently transferred to family endromidae based on the molecular study of zwick et al . in 2011 .
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