smoke glacken ( foaled 1994 in maryland , died april 21 , 2016 ) is an american champion thoroughbred racehorse .

sired by two punch , a son of the important sire mr. prospector , his dam was majesty 's crown , a daughter of irish stakes winner magesterial , who was a son of northern dancer .

trained by henry carroll , at age two , smoke glacken finished second in his racing debut , then won four straight , including the tyro stakes and the grade ii sapling stakes , both at monmouth park racetrack .

his most important win of 1996 was the grade i hopeful stakes at saratoga race course , which he won by nine lengths .

he finished his two-year-old season with $ 284,500 in earnings .

a sprint horse best at distances of a mile or less , in his three-year-old season smoke glacken won six of his eight races and finished second and third in his other two starts .

he won the grade ii frank j. de francis memorial dash stakes at laurel park , the grade iii riva ridge stakes at belmont park , the grade iii southwest stakes at oaklawn park by eight lengths , the grade iii jersey shore breeders ' cup stakes , the mountain valley stakes , and the black gold handicap .

he was second in the grade ii lexington stakes at keeneland to touch gold and third in the grade iii louisiana derby to crypto star and half watch by a half-length .

he finished his three-year-old season with $ 475,060 in earnings .

in addition , his 1997 performances earned him that year 's eclipse award for american champion sprint horse .

smoke glacken

sons of smoke glacken currently at stud include more smoke , bachelor blues , come out smokin’ , just cash , read the footnotes , and smoke warning .
( bred by phipps stable ) . smoke glacken also sired multiple graded stakes winners
according to jockey club records , smoke glacken had sired 561 winners ( 64 . 9 % ) and 58
smoke glacken also sired multiple graded stakes winners smok’n frolic and delaunay , both millionaires , read the footnotes and smokey fire . smoke glacken’s lifetime progeny earnings stand at $ 53 , 341 , 566 through apr . 20 .
smoke glacken will be buried at gainesway alongside stallions in reality , cozzenne , broad brush , and mr . greeley .
smoke glacken will be buried at gainesway alongside former stallions in reality , cozzene , broad brush and mr . greeley .
smoke glacken will be buried at gainesway alongside former stallions in reality , cozzene , broad brush , and mr . greeley .
smoke glacken , the champion sprinter of 1997 and a pensioned stallion , was euthanized last thursday due to the infirmities of old age .
smoke glacken ' s dam wasn ' t a champion . or even a stakes horse . but she has produced another graded stakes winner since smoke glacken . the smoke glacken ' s are sprinter / milers mostly and are hard knocking horses . his daughters are off to a decent start as dams of racehorses and he even has a son ( read the footnotes ) whose doing okay as a first crop stallion .
this entry was posted in bloodstock and tagged gainesway farm , horse racing , smoke glacken , thoroughbred by press release . bookmark the permalink .
( bred by mel p . lawson ) . smoke glacken ' s lifetime progeny earnings stand at $ 53 , 341 , 566 through april 20 .
this entry was posted in bloodstock and tagged gainesway farm , horse racing , smoke glacken , thoroughbred , two punch by press release . bookmark the permalink .
as a broodmare sire , smoke glacken has been represented by the canadian champions hunters bay and go greeley and dubai group 2 winner l’amour de ma vie .
represented by 16 crops , smoke glacken sired 58 black - type winners , including 16 graded winners . amongst his most notable offspring are mgisw on fire baby , gi spinaway s . winner irish smoke and gi personal ensign s . winner persistently .
as a broodmare sire , smoke glacken has been represented by the canadian champions hunters bay and go greeley and dubai group 2 winner l ' amour de ma vie .
bred in maryland by perry rosebrock , smoke glacken was campaigned by the partnership of alex karkenny , william roberts , and robert levy and was trained by henry carroll .
a gray horse by the mr . prospector stallion two punch , smoke glacken is a big , strong stallion with immense power . smoke glacken has a good shoulder and deep girth , but the power in his hindquarters is amazing . both the muscle mass and the leverage he has gave him a cruising speed that left other horses gasping .
smoke glacken entered stud at gainesway in 1998 and went on to sire 58 stakes winners and 16 graded stakes winners . his top progeny include two - time grade i winner
gainesway today announced the passing of 1997 eclipse champion sprinter and successful sire smoke glacken . the 22 - year - old gray son of two punch was humanely euthanized april 21 because of the infirmities of old age . smoke glacken had been pensioned from stud duty since 2013 and continued to receive full daily care at gainesway ' s stallion division until his death .
smoke glacken was retired at the end of his sophomore campaign and went on to sire 16 crops , with 561 winners and progeny earnings of more than $ 53 . 3 million .
gainesway has today announced its decision to pension the 19 - year - old stallion smoke glacken due to the stallion ' s declining fertility and the general effects of his advancing age .
named foals at the time of his death . the gainesway farm website listed smoke glacken as the sire of 60 stakes winners . his foals typically had speed and were willing and durable .
bred by perry m . rosebrock in maryland , smoke glacken was trained by henry carroll and campaigned by alex karkenny , william roberts , and robert levy . the gray / roan son of
smoke glacken has currently sired 790 foals of racing age from 13 crops to race , with current gross progeny earnings in excess of $ 48 . 3 million . he will remain a pensioner at gainesway .
smoke glacken has currently sired 790 foals of racing age from 13 crops to race , with current gross progeny earnings in excess of $ 48 , 000 , 000 . he will remain a pensioner at gainesway .
those breeders looking to use particular crosses with the stallion should note that smoke glacken ' s most successful runner , smok ' n frolic , is inbred to northern dancer through nijinsky ' s son , green dancer , and smoke glacken ' s maternal grandsire , magesterial . considering that the stallion ' s two other stakes winners are out of mares by housebuster and tally ho the fox , pedigree crosses may take second place to quality and athleticism in selecting mates .
for her permission to use her portrait of smoke glacken , taken at gainesway farm in 2011 . please do not copy or distribute this photo without her permission . if you would like to get in touch with her , contact me at
smoke glacken’s 3 - year - old campaign earned him champion sprinter honors and began with a three - race winning streak in the black gold handicap at fair grounds and the mountain valley stakes and grade 3 southwest stakes at oaklawn park .
reason i asked about him is that two punch was pretty much an eastern regional sire with lots of hard working , hard knocking , many starts racers and is well loved by eventers . i look for his offspring . smoke glacken ' s dam was a champion , so she probably improved two punch to get smoke glacken . does he mostly produce dirt sprint horses like himself ? i ' m wondering about the use of his daughters in sport horse breeding for event horses .
at 3 , smoke glacken won six of eight starts , including the southwest stakes ( g3 ) , riva ridge stakes ( g3 ) , and jersey shore breeders ' cup ( g3 ) against fellow 3 - year - olds , and the frank j . de francis memorial dash ( g2 ) , where smoke glacken defeated older horses and confirmed his reputation as the fastest horse in north america . he was later honored with the eclipse award as the year ' s champion sprinter .
smoke glacken entered stud at gainesway in 1998 and went on to sire 58 stakes winners and 16 graded stakes winners . his top progeny include two - time grade 1 winner on fire baby ( bred by anita cauley ) , winner of the apple blossom handicap ( g1 ) and la troienne stakes ( g1 ) ; spinaway stakes ( g1 ) winner irish smoke ( bred by stoneway farm ) ; and personal ensign stakes ( g1 ) winner persistently ( bred by phipps stable ) . smoke glacken also sired multiple graded stakes winners smok ' n frolic ( bred by cherokee farms ) and delaunay ( bred by fitzhugh llc ) , both millionaires , read the footnotes ( bred by lawrence goichman ) , and smokey fire ( bred by mel p . lawson ) . smoke glacken ' s lifetime progeny earnings stand at $ 53 , 341 , 566 through april 20 .
the offspring sired by smoke glacken frequently emulated their speedy sire . he currently has sired 15 crops ( with his 16th crop expected in 2014 ) , and has sired 54 black - type winners , including 16 graded black - type winners , among them
at 3 , smoke glacken won six of eight starts , including the southwest stakes ( gr . iii ) , riva ridge stakes ( gr . iii ) , and jersey shore breeders ' cup ( gr . iii ) against fellow 3 - year - olds , and the frank j . de francis memorial dash ( gr . ii ) , where smoke glacken defeated older horses and confirmed his reputation as the fastest horse in north america . he was later honored with the eclipse award as the year ' s champion sprinter .
“smoke glacken was a tough , fast racehorse and he sired competitive horses like himself , ” gainesway president antony beck said . “we were very fortunate to stand him here at gainesway . he was part of our family for 18 years and he will be missed . ”
smoke glacken provided an immediate return on his purchase price . the colt swept monmouth park ' s pair of juvenile features—the tyro stakes and sapling stakes ( g2 ) —before shipping to saratoga race course , where he dominated the prestigious hopeful stakes ( g1 ) by nine lengths .
smoke glacken was a tough , fast racehorse and he sired competitive horses like himself ,
gainesway president antony beck said .
we were very fortunate to stand him here at gainesway . he was part of our family for 18 years and he will be missed .
“smoke glacken was a tough , fast racehorse , and he sired competitive horses like himself , ” said gainesway president antony beck . “we were very fortunate to stand him here at gainesway . he was part of our family for 18 years , and he will be missed . ”
smoke glacken provided an immediate return for his new owners by sweeping monmouth park ' s pair of juvenile features—the tyro stakes and sapling stakes ( gr . ii ) —before shipping to saratoga race course , where he dominated the prestigious hopeful stakes ( gr . i ) by nine lengths .
although smoke glacken covered good - sized books in each of his first four seasons , hernon said the horse
could have 250 mares this year
because of the demand for him but will be limited to about 100 . smoke glacken ' s stud fee also has risen from $ 10 , 000 to $ 15 , 000 , and hernon said ,
we thought that was realistic , and the market has agreed . we ' re sold out at the farm at 15 live , and the open market has seasons for about $ 20 , 000 live foal .
gainesway president antony beck commented , “after winning a championship on the racetrack smoke glacken proved himself at stud , siring fast and durable horses who were always competitive at whatever level they were racing . he has been an asset to gainesway and his participation in our stallion program will be missed . ”
a modestly - priced juvenile from a regional breeding program , smoke glacken proved a bargain as he was widely considered the fastest horse in the united states at the time of his retirement . consistent and willing as a racehorse , he proved a good sire of speed and precocity following his retirement from racing .
smoke glacken ( usa ) gr . h , 1994 { 1 - n } dp = 13 - 5 - 9 - 1 - 0 ( 28 ) di = 4 . 09 cd = 1 . 07 - 14 starts , 10 wins , 2 places , 1 shows career earnings : $ 759 , 560
not long after that , gainesway acquired an interest in the horse for the purpose of standing him at stud . a big gray , smoke glacken won 10 of his 14 races and was named champion sprinter in the voting for the 1997 eclipse awards . he stands at gainesway as the property of a syndicate .
smoke glacken ( two punch–majesty’s crown , by magesterial ) , eclipse champion sprinter of 1997 , died last week at gainesway , the farm at which he stood his entire stud career , announced monday . the 22 - year - old , pensioned since 2013 , was euthanized due to the infirmities of old age .
after winning a championship on the racetrack smoke glacken proved himself at stud , siring fast and durable horses who were always competitive at whatever level they were racing ,
said gainesway president antony beck .
he has been an asset to gainesway and his participation in our stallion program will be missed .
oops . it ' s two punch ' s dam who was a champion . i love her line . if it weren ' t for the gray dawn , every single sire in smoke glacken ' s first 4 generations is either nearco or native dancer . thank god for non - nearco / native dancer damlines .
wild flapper - $ 1 , 878 , 741 ( dam by smoke glacken ) 1st empress hai s . ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) 1st marine cup ( 8f , dirt ) 1st ladies prelude s . ( 9f , dirt ) 3rd heian s . g3 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) etc .
a strongly made horse , smoke glacken is siring sturdy athletes and is getting winners with all sorts of pedigrees . hernon noted that
they all seem to have some ability and are sound horses . in the majority of cases , he seems to dominate the mares and produces good - sized , rugged horses with scope .
because of his first - season results , smoke glacken
will have his best book yet in 2002 ,
hernon said .
the quality of his books has improved each year , and next year , in light of his success this year with three stakes winners , the quality of mares is in a whole different league .
bred in maryland by perry m . rosebrock from the magesterial mare majesty ' s crown , smoke glacken was a $ 65 , 000 purchase out of the 1996 fasig - tipton midlantic 2 - year - old sale by trainer henry carroll , agent . carroll would train the colt for owners alex karkenny , william roberts , and robert levy .
bred by perry m . rosebrock , smoke glacken was trained by henry carroll and campaigned by alex karkenny , william roberts , and robert levy . the gray / roan son of two punch—majesty ' s crown , retired with a career record of ten wins , two seconds , and one third from 14 starts and amassed earnings of $ 759 , 560 .
smoke glacken , who stands at graham beck ' s gainesway farm , has three stakes winners this year and is in third place among the leading freshman sires . he might be the most surprising member of the group with possible classic candidates for next year , as he was champion sprinter , and most breeders expected his offspring to be good early but then find the distances getting beyond them toward the end of the season .
on the racetrack , smoke glacken won the hopeful s . ( g1 ) , sapling s . ( g2 ) , and tyro s . at two , and went on to become champion sprinter at three , after winning six stakes , including the frank j . defrancis memorial dash s . ( g2 ) , riva ridge s . ( g3 ) , southwest s . ( g3 ) , and jersey shore breeders ' cup s . ( g3 ) .
on the racetrack , smoke glacken won the hopeful stakes ( gr . i ) , sapling stakes ( gr . ii ) , and tyro stakes at 2 , and went on to become champion sprinter at 3 , after winning six stakes , including the frank j . defrancis memorial dash stakes ( gr . ii ) , riva ridge stakes ( gr . iii ) , southwest stakes ( gr . iii ) , and jersey shore breeders ' cup stakes ( gr . iii ) .
the stallion ' s runners have , however , been good early and late , and gainesway ' s director of sales , michael hernon , said ,
honestly , i never thought of smoke glacken as purely a sprinter . he won around two turns and was beaten only a half - length in the louisiana derby after he ran off early in fractions of 22 . 80 and 45 . 60 . now in his first crop he has a daughter who wants to go long .
the offspring sired by smoke glacken frequently emulated their speedy sire . he currently has sired 15 crops ( with his 16th crop expected in 2014 ) , and has sired 54 blacktype winners , including 16 graded blacktype winners , among them on fire baby ( g1 , 2013 , $ 751 , 974 ) , delaunay ( g2 , 2013 , $ 848 , 486 ) , smok ' n frolic ( 6 graded stakes wins , $ 1 , 534 , 720 ) , and persistently ( g1 , $ 526 , 256 ) .
foaled in maryland , smoke glacken was bred by perry m . rosebrock . he was owned by alex karkenny , william roberts and robert levy , who purchased him for us $ 65 , 000 from the 1996 fasig - tipton mid - atlantic sale of 2 - year - olds in training . he was trained by henry carroll . he stood at gainesway farm from 1998 until being pensioned in october 2013 due to declining fertility . he was humanely destroyed at gainesway due to the infirmities of old age in april 2016 and was buried at the farm .
lexington , ky . - not every top racehorse goes on to become a top sire , but among the freshman class of 2001 , such high - quality racehorses as siphon , pulpit , louis quatorze , and smoke glacken have begun their stallion careers with a bang . each has at least one graded stakes winner , and all of them appear to have their best racing ahead of them . this suggests that some of these freshman sires will have classic candidates next year , and one might even follow in the path of maria ' s mon and sire a classic winner from his initial crop of racers .
a winner of eight races during her own track career , smoke glacken ' s dam majesty ' s crown is out of the winning king emperor mare queen ' s crown , a member of a solid maryland family descended from the stakes - winning turn to reason mare turn capp . aside from queen ' s crown , turn capp is the dam of multiple listed stakes winner capp it off ( by double zeus ) , in turn the dam of grade ii winner miss slewpy ( by slewpy ) , second dam of multiple grade iii winner disco rico and third dam of two - time american champion turf female
his top runners include grade 1 winners irish smoke , on fire baby , and persistently ; grade 2 winners smok’n frolic , delaunay , smokey fire , read the footnotes , smokume , bachelor blues , and frolic’s dream ; and grade 3 winner carthage . as a broodmare sire , his daughters have produced canadian champions hunters bay and go greeley as well as u . a . e . group 2 winner l’amour de ma vie .
new to the paulick report ? click here to sign up for our daily email newsletter to keep up on this and other stories happening in the thoroughbred industry . copyright © 2018 paulick report .
publisher ray paulick ( 859 312 . 2102 ) director of advertising emily alberti ( 859 913 . 9633 ) editor - in - chief scott jagow features editor natalie voss bloodstock editor joe nevills racing news editor chelsea hackbarth contributing writers sarah e . coleman frank mitchell tom pedulla jen roytz denise steffanus photography equisport photos ( matt and wendy wooley ) eric kalet business manager carol paulick
urltoken is published by blenheim publishing llc , 3070 lakecrest circle , suite 400 - 292 , lexington , ky 40513 . copyright blenheim publishing llc .
son of two punch sired 58 stakes winners , including 16 graded stakes winners .
, 22 , was euthanized april 21 due to the infirmities of old age , gainesway announced april 25 .
the gray son of two punch was pensioned since 2013 and lived out the remainder of his days at gainesway ' s stallion division .
( bred by anita cauley ) , spinaway stakes ( gr . i ) winner
( bred by stoneway farm ) ; and personal ensign stakes ( gr . i ) winner
1st tyro s . - b ( mth , 5 . 5f ) , sapling s . ( g2 , mth , 6f ) , hopeful s . ( g1 , sar , 7f )
1st black gold h . - b ( fg , 6f ) , mountain valley s . - l ( op , 6f ) , southwest s . ( g3 , op , 8f ) , riva ridge s . ( g3 , bel , 7f ) , jersey shore breeders cup s . ( g3 , mth , 6f ) , frank j . de francis memorial dash s . ( g2 , lrl , 6f )
euthanized april 21 , 2016 due to the infirmities of old age . rip . ( close )
3rd louisiana derby ( usa - iii , 8 . 5fd , fair grounds )
) , dam of multiple grade ii winner crown of thorns ( by repent ) .
. turn capp is also the dam of restricted stakes winners capp the power ( by lines of power ) and say capp ( by oh say ) .
the 22 - year - old son of two punch had resided at gainesway in lexington , ky . , since retiring to stud for the 1998 breeding season . he was pensioned in 2013 and continued to receive full daily care at the operation’s stallion division until his death .
he began his career on the east coast , winning his maiden in his second start at monmouth park by 8 1 / 2 lengths before scoring stakes victories in the tyro and grade 2 sapling at monmouth and the grade 1 hopeful at saratoga .
he was given time off after finishing third in the grade 3 louisiana derby and second in the grade 2 lexington stakes and began his eclipse campaign in earnest that summer , taking the grade 3 riva ridge stakes at belmont , the grade 3 jersey shore breeders’ cup stakes at monmouth , and the grade 2 frank j . de francis memorial dash at laurel in the span of six weeks .
the filly in question , smok ' n frolic , won the tempted and demoiselle stakes in her last two starts . she has improved as the distances have increased , and earlier in the year , she had won the fashion and run second in the grade 1 spinaway .
from the evidence in the charts , smok ' n frolic will not be troubled by nine furlongs , or possibly farther , next year , and her trainer , todd pletcher , has indicated that she will go in the bonnie miss and then on to the kentucky oaks , her primary objective next season .
hernon recalled ,
i really become aware of how much ability the horse had when i saw him race at belmont in the riva ridge . he was always dominating his competition from the gate ; the other horses in the early part of the race are under a drive , and he ' s on a long rein , running within himself . that was the day i was really taken by the horse .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
color : gr height : 16 . 0 ( usa ) 14 - 10 - 2 - 1 , $ 759 , 560 . 1997 eclipse winner - champion sprinter . won : sapling s . - g2 , hopeful s . - g1 , tyro s . , frank j . defrancis memorial dash s . - g2 , riva ridge s . - g3 , southwest s . - g3 , jersey shore breeders cup s . - g3 , mountain valley s . , black gold handicap . retired undefeated at 6 furlongs . standing at gainesway farm in ky . ( close )
bred by perry m . rosebrock , the dashing gray was purchased for $ 65 , 000 at the fasig - tipton midlantic 2 - year - olds in training sale . trainer henry carroll acted as agent for owners alex karkenny , william roberts , and robert levy .
a precocious 2 - year - old , the son of two punch broke his maiden at second asking and continued his wins in the 1996 gi hopeful s . at saratoga and the gii sapling s . at monmouth . he returned with a bang in 1997 , winning his first three starts of the year , including the giii southwest s . the talented colt scored in the giii riva ridge s , the giii jersey shore s . , and capped off his career with a win in the gii de francis dash earning championship honors as top sprinter that year . he won 10 of 14 starts and entered stud at gainesway with earnings of $ 759 , 560 .
not a subscriber ? click here to sign up for the daily pdf or alerts .
your tdn download has begun . if the download does not complete , click here .
has been pensioned due to declining fertility and the effects of advancing age , gainesway announced nov . 1 .
majesty ' s crown , by magesterial , retired with a career record of 10 wins , two seconds , and one third from 14 starts and total earnings of $ 759 , 560 .
what can y ' all tell me about him ? i gather his offspring haven ' t been of black type quality , but that ' s just my impression . please correct me if i ' m wrong .
uh . . . only 12 % of his runners are black - type quality . ( as of today ' s bh ) his best tend to have a return of mr prospector , northern dancer , or both within the 4th generation .
what gave you the impression he wasn ' t getting stakes horses , vineyridge ? he ' s a solid , respectable sire who puts what i think are good looking babies on the ground . his foals generally perform well at the sales and he has a reputation for being able to get a good racehorse , too . he ' s a lovely silvery gray color and better looking than his usual conformation photo . he ' s a favorite among the shed crew , as he ' s good to deal with . i bred a mare to him this year and she fell in love - kept wanting to go back and see him again . sg is one of my favorites and i ' ll probably send one to him again this year .
the stallion register is your friend : urltoken . . . nglesearch a headshot i took from last year
lifetime : 11 . 5 % blacktype winners / starters , # 3 among n . american stallions
north america ' s # 4 sire by ' a runner index ' , ahead of tapit , curlin , speightstown , kitten ' s joy , etc .
yearlings have sold for : $ 925 , 000 , $ 825 , 000 , $ 800 , 000 , $ 800 , 000 , $ 725 , 000 , $ 675 , 000 , $ 650 , 000 , etc .
“i told everyone , this was the best horse i ever trained . ” - bobby frankel
few horses have devastated their opponents in so many ways , at so many distances , and in such fast times .
- - steve haskin
gamble ' s ghost uses spirited stretch run to capture trillium s . ( g3 )
gamble ' s ghost , patiently handled by eurico rosa da silva , rallied from next to last and six wide . . .
shaman ghost - $ 3 , 859 , 311 ( dam by gilded time ) champion 3yo male in canada canadian racing hall of fame inductee 1st santa anita h . g1 ( 10f , dirt ) 1st woodward s . g1 ( 9f , dirt ) 1st queen ' s plate ( 10f , aw ) 1st brooklyn inv . g2 ( 12f , dirt ) 2nd pegasus world cup inv . g1 ( 9f , dirt ) , etc .
moreno - $ 2 , 992 , 190 ( dam by a . p . indy ) track record setter 1st whitney h . g1 ( 9f , dirt ) 1st dwyer s . g2 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) 1st charles town classic g2 ( 9f , dirt ) ntr 2nd santa anita h . g1 ( 10f , dirt ) 2nd travers s . g1 ( 10f , dirt ) 2nd woodward s . g1 ( 9f , dirt ) , etc .
1st madison s . g1 ( 7f , aw ) 1st tca s . g2 ( 6f , aw )
stately victor - $ 919 , 867 ( dam by dynaformer ) 1st blue grass s . g1 ( 9f , aw ) 1st ontario derby g3 ( 9f , aw ) 3rd pacific classic s . g1 ( 10f , aw ) etc .
molly morgan - $ 888 , 159 ( dam by distorted humor ) 1st la troienne s . g1 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) 1st fleur de lis h . g2 ( 9f , dirt ) 1st chilukki s . g2 ( 8f , dirt ) 1st gardenia s . g3 ( 8f , dirt ) 2nd la troienne s . g1 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) , etc
contested - $ 633 , 754 ( dam by arch ) 1st acorn s . g1 ( 8f , dirt ) 1st test s . g1 ( 7f , dirt ) 1st eight belles s . g3 ( 7f , dirt )
greenzapper ( dam by know heights ) 1st roberto e nelson grimaldi seabra g1 ( 12f , turf ) holy helena - $ 1 , 043 , 318 ( dam by holy bull ) champion 3yo female in canada sovereign award finalist - horse of the year 1st sheepshead bay s . g2 ( 11f , turf ) 1st the very one s . g3 ( 9 . 5f , turf ) 1st queen ' s plate ( 10f , aw ) 1st woodbine oaks ( 9f , aw ) 2nd ontario derby g3 ( 9f , aw )
mccraken - $ 806 , 828 ( dam by seeking the gold ) unbeaten gsw at two 1st kentucky jockey club s . g2 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) 1st sam f . davis s . g3 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) ntr 1st matt win s . g3 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) 2nd haskell inv . g1 ( 9f , dirt ) proctor ' s ledge - $ 709 , 090 ( dam by arch ) 1st lake placid s . g2 ( 9f , turf ) 1st cd distaff turf mile g2 ( 8f , turf ) 1st lake george s . g3 ( 8 . 5f , turf ) 2nd just a game s . g1 ( 8f , turf ) , etc .
mystical star - $ 587 , 214 ( dam by capote ) 1st new york h . g2 ( 10f , turf ) 2nd spinster s . g1 ( 9f , aw ) 3rd flower bowl s . g1 ( 10f , turf ) , etc .
wine princess - $ 461 , 561 ( dam by jade hunter ) 1st falls city h . g2 ( 9f , dirt ) 1st monmouth oaks g3 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) 3rd spinster s . g1 ( 9f , aw )
arena elvira - $ 452 , 396 ( dam by twining ) 1st falls city h . g2 ( 8f , dirt ) 1st turnback the alarm h . g3 ( 9f , dirt )
faypien - $ 432 , 775 ( dam by freud ) 1st summertime oaks g2 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) 1st angels flight s . ( 7f , dirt ) 2nd intercontinental s . g2 ( 7f , turf ) 2nd test s . g1 ( 7f , dirt ) , etc .
go maggie go - $ 428 , 400 ( dam by tale of the cat ) 1st black - eyed susan s . g2 ( 9f , dirt ) 1st gulfstream park oaks g2 ( 8 . 5f , dirt )
hear the ghost - $ 382 , 762 ( dam by coronado ' s quest ) 1st san felipe s . g2 ( 8 . 5f , dirt ) 2nd native diver h . g3 ( 9f , aw ) 3rd strub s . g2 ( 8 . 5f , dirt )
schiaparelli - $ 274 , 184 ( dam by avenue of flags ) 1st royal heroine s . g2 ( 8f , turf ) 1st great lady m . s . ( 6f , turf ) 2nd las cienegas s . g3 ( 6 . 5f , turf ) , etc .
iliad - $ 247 , 345 ( dam by you and i ) 1st san vicente s . g2 ( 7f , dirt ) 2nd san felipe s . g2 ( 8 . 5f , dirt )
1st dubawi s . ( 6f , aw ) 2nd al shimaal s . g3 ( 6f , dirt ) 3rd dubai golden shaheen g1 ( 6f , aw ) , etc .
runaway ghost - $ 563 , 510 ( dam by desert god ) 1st sunland derby g3 ( 9f , dirt ) 1st golden nugget s . ( 6f , aw ) 2nd mine that bird derby ( 8 . 5f , aw )
mr maybe - $ 429 , 980 ( dam by with approval ) 1st red smith h . g3 ( 11f , turf ) 1st john ' s call s . ( 13f , turf ) 3rd mac diarmida s . g2 ( 11f , turf )
la cloche - $ 299 , 948 ( dam by silver hawk ) 1st athenia s . g3 ( 8 . 5f , turf ) 1st voodoo dancer s . ( 8f , turf ) 2nd pucker up s . g3 ( 9f , turf )
angel terrace - $ 298 , 848 ( dam by gone west ) 1st valley view s . g3 ( 8 . 5f , turf )
kentucky downs ladies marathon s . ( 10 . 5f , turf ) , etc .
pacific ocean - $ 245 , 389 ( dam by unbridled ) 1st vernon o . underwood s . g3 ( 6f , aw ) 1st james marvin s . g3 ( 7f , dirt )
gloryzapper - $ 225 , 735 ( dam by distorted humor ) 1st l . a . woman s . g3 ( 6 . 5f , dirt )
within five generations . the forty niner , seeking the gold , gone west , two punch and fappiano branches have proven most effective so far .
granddaughters ghostzapper has sired six stakes winners ( 37 % ) . three of those are out of
mares - g1w molly morgan , g3w gloryzapper and sw ghostly presence . forty niner is also found in the pedigree of 2018 sw / gsp telekinesis ( 2nd dam by the forty niner son
is found the pedigrees of six ghostzapper stakes horses , including g1w better lucky , g2w / g1sp mccracken ( dams by seeking the gold ) and g1w contested ( second dam by seeking the gold ) .
. with direct daughters two punch ghostzapper has sired sws my fiona and grecian maiden .
is found in the pedigree of eight stakes horses by ghostzapper . g3w pacific ocean is out of a mare by
ghostzapper has produced a high degree of quality with mares showing mr . prospector and
( bred storm cat over mr . prospector ) and g1 - placed zapperkat is out of a mare by tale of the cat’s son
. we also find mr . p & storm cat in the dams of better lucky and elghayoor . mr . prospector / storm bird are present in the dams of angel terrace and sw ghost locket .
) are graded winners - contested and 2017 g2w proctor’s ledge ( 2nd dam by mr . prospector ) . ghostzapper has had success with mares by other roberto - line sires like
, whose daughters are certainly interesting for ghostzapper as he’s out a mare by arch . ghostzapper has also sired gsw / millionaire za approval and gsw mr maybe out of daughters of the caro son
and reinforcing these influences has yielded success . champion / g1w shaman ghost shows a double of relaunch at 3x5 . the second dams of both stately victor and g2w hear the ghost are by another in reality son ,
cross that produced in reality . breeders’ cup / eclipse champion judy the beauty and queen ' s plate winner / sovereign award champion holy helena are among ghostzapper’s nine starters with holy bull mares ( 22 % ) .


myrmecia haskinsorum is a species of ant in the genus myrmecia .

described by robert taylor in 2015 , the species is endemic to australia where it is known from areas that have high elevations , although some records show the ant lives in low elevated areas in tasmania

myrmecia haskinsorum

the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see myrmecia haskinsorum for further details
jack jumpers are ants well known to most people in australia . due to dramatic interspecific similarity , specimens have often been identified as myrmecia pilosula . in his latest work published in zootaxa , robert taylor reviews the present status of myrmecia pilosula complex and describes 4 new species bringing the species tally of this charismatic group to six : m . banksi , m . croslandi , m . haskinsorum , m . imaii , m . impaternata and m . pilosula .
taylor ( 2015 ) - field associations . sympatric with the eastern race of myrmecia pilosula and myrmecia croslandi near corang river bridge , with eastern race pilosula in the snowy mountains and on mt buffalo , and with the western race in tasmania .
wheeler ( 1933 : 56–57 ) , who confused the two races of m . pilosula and m . haskinsorum , almost certainly referred to haskinsorum when describing “ pilosula ” workers and queens on mount kosciusco as “dull black , but when alive and in bright sunlight , with a distinct bluish tinge , probably due to a fugitive pigment” . also , at least in part , when stating that on kosciusko ( “ m . pilosula ” ) was “very abundant and the dominant species at elevations from 4000 to 6000 ft . ” ( c . a . 1220 to 1838 m ) .
named for caryl p . haskins and his wife edna haskins in recognition of their important pioneering studies on the biology of myrmecia and other australian ants .
taylor ( 2015 ) - diagnostic morphological characters are not significantly variable among available specimens . the snowy mountains and mt ginini populations are those most likely to have vestigial dorsal mesosomal pilosity . the body color is generally a little more blackish in haskinsorum than other pilosula - group species , and the brown sections of the legs darker in hue . specimens from lower elevations tend to have the leg color lighter brown .
taylor rw . 2015 . ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) . zootaxa 3911 : 493–520 .
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 496
taylor , robert w . ( 2015 ) : ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) . zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) : 493 - 520 , doi : urltoken
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 496 - 497
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 501 - 503
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 503 - 505
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 505 - 509
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 514 - 516
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 517 - 519
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 498 - 501
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 497 - 498
taylor , robert w . , 2015 , ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) , zootaxa 3911 ( 4 ) , pp . 493 - 520 : 509 - 513
taylor , r . w . 2015 . ants with attitude : australian jack - jumpers of the myrmecia pilosula species complex , with descriptions of four new species ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) . zootaxa . 3911 : 493–520 . doi : 10 . 11646 / zootaxa . 3911 . 4 . 2
imai , h . t . , taylor , r . w . & crozier , r . h . 1994 . experimental bases for the minimum interaction theory . i . chromosome evolution in ants of the myrmecia pilosula species complex ( hymenoptera : formicidae : myrmeciinae ) . japanese journal of genetics 69 : 137 - 182 .
research prospects . future potential research topics include ( 1 ) genetical and morphological comparison of the mainland and tasmanian populations , which have a defined approximate time of geographical and phylogenetic separation ; ( 2 ) investigation of the nature and role of the fugitive bluish flush in high alpine populations .
the following information is derived from barry bolton ' s new general catalogue , a catalogue of the world ' s ants .
unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description .
( holotype , smallest available specimen ( mt buffalo ) , largest available specimen ( mt buffalo ) ( mm ) : tl = 11 . 6 , 11 . 4 , 12 . 0 ; hw = 2 . 36 , 2 . 34 , 2 . 46 ; hl = 2 . 15 , 2 . 13 , 2 . 22 ; ci = 109 , 110 , 111 ; el = 0 . 92 , 0 . 87 , 0 . 92 ; oi = 39 , 37 , 41 ; sl = 1 . 94 , 1 . 90 , 1 . 93 ; si = 82 , 81 , 78 ; pw = 1 . 48 , 1 . 45 , 1 . 48 ; wl = 3 . 64 , 3 . 60 , 3 . 78 ; petw = 0 . 86 , 0 . 85 , 0 . 88 ; ppetw = 1 . 36 , 1 . 33 , 1 . 41 .
holotype and paratypes in australian national insect collection , paratypes or type - compared vouchers in australian museum , museum victoria , melbourne , queensland museum , south australian museum , wama , tmha ) and in the natural history museum , california academy of sciences , museum of comparative zoology , musee d ' histoire naturelle genève .
this page was last modified on 27 august 2016 , at 10 : 04 .
you must log in to access this functionality . you may create an account , or log in anonymously , here .
taylor , 2015 pdf : 498 , figs . 1 - 3 ( w . )
australia . australasia . primary type information : new south wales : dead horse gap ( - 36 31 , 148 15 ) , snowy mountains national park , near thredbo . ; anic .
antweb content is licensed under a creative commons attribution license . we encourage use of antweb images . in print , each image must include attribution to its photographer and
from urltoken
in the figure caption . for websites , images must be clearly identified as coming from urltoken , with a backward link to the respective source page . see how to cite antweb .
antweb is funded from private donations and from grants from the national science foundation , deb - 0344731 , ef - 0431330 and deb - 0842395 . c : 0
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e088135c - 80be - 4132 - b244 - fe772d165d4e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 5fefda63 - 3dd3 - 436d - b036 - 4464a2ffaf14
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 639994
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email .
privacy & cookies : this site uses cookies . by continuing to use this website , you agree to their use . to find out more , including how to control cookies , see here : cookie policy
, and
middle and hind legs also generally dark brown , without reddish - orange segments , tarsi slightly less dark , lightest apically
.
forel , a . , 1922 , glanures myrmecologiques en 1922 . , revue suisse de zoologie 30 , pp . 87 - 102 : 87 - 88
clark , j . , 1930 , new formicidae , with notes on some little - known species . , proceedings of the royal society of victoria 43 , pp . 2 - 25 : 22
crawley w . c . , 1915 , ants from north and south - west australia ( g . f . hill , rowland turner ) and christmas island , straits settlements . part 2 , ann . mag natur . hist . 15 , pp . 232 - 239 : 232
crawley , w . c . , 1921 , new and little - known species of ants from various localities . , annals and magazine of natural history 7 , pp . 87 - 97 : 87 - 88
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 144
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 145
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 147 - 148
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 144 - 145
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 146
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 146 - 147
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 147
sokoloff , paul c . , freebury , colin e . , hamilton , paul b . & saarela , jeffery m . , 2016 , the
martian
flora : new collections of vascular plants , lichens , fungi , algae , and cyanobacteria from the mars desert research station , utah , biodiversity data journal 4 , pp . 8176 - 8176 : 8176
mayr , g . , 1862 , myrmecologische studien . , verhandlungen der zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft in wien 12 , pp . 649 - 776 : 728
mayr , g . , 1862 , myrmecologische studien . , verhandlungen der zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft in wien 12 , pp . 649 - 776 : 727
forel , a . , 1900 , ponerinae et dorylinae d ' australie . récoltés par mm . turner , froggatt , nugent , chase , rothney , j . - j . walker , etc . , annales de la societe entomologique de belgique 44 , pp . 54 - 77 : 54
forel , a . , 1900 , ponerinae et dorylinae d ' australie . récoltés par mm . turner , froggatt , nugent , chase , rothney , j . - j . walker , etc . , annales de la societe entomologique de belgique 44 , pp . 54 - 77 : 54 - 55
mayr , g . , 1862 , myrmecologische studien . , verhandlungen der zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft in wien 12 , pp . 649 - 776 : 729
mayr , g . , 1866 , diagnosen neuer und wenig gekannter formiciden . , verhandlungen der zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft in wien 16 , pp . 885 - 908 : 896
mayr , g . , 1862 , myrmecologische studien . , verhandlungen der zoologisch - botanischen gesellschaft in wien 12 , pp . 649 - 776 : 727 - 728
clark , john , 1934 , notes on australian ants , with descriptions of new species and a new genus , memoirs of the national museum melbourne 8 , pp . 5 - 20 : 15
fabricius , johann christian , 1805 , systema piezatorum secundum ordines , genera , species : adiectis synonymis , locis , observationibus , descriptionibus , c . reichard , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 423
forel , a . , 1894 , quelques fourmis de madagascar ( récoltées par m . le dr völtzkow ) ; de nouvelle zélande ( récoltées par m . w . w . smith ) ; de nouvelle calédonie ( récoltées par m . sommer ) ; de queensland ( australie ) , annales de la societe entomologique de belgique 38 , pp . 226 - 237 : 235 - 236
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 143
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 143 - 144
smith , f . , 1858 , catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . part vi . formicidae . , london : british museum , pp . - 1 - - 1 : 148
the queensland museum collection online is a work in progress . new records , updates and images are added regularly .
if you’ve noticed a mistake or have any further information about an object or specimen , please email : qm . vernon @ urltoken


holacanthus passer ( king angelfish or passer angelfish ) is a large marine angelfish of the family pomacanthidae .

due to its large size and bright colors it is a popular aquarium fish , despite the fact that it can be difficult to keep .

holacanthus passer

click the button below to add the passer angelfish ( holacanthus passer ) to your wish list .
key word : holacanthus passer , pomacanthidae , gonadosomatic index , condition index , gulf of california , mexico .
stratton , richard . 1988 . the king angel , holacanthus passer . tropical fish hobbyist , 8 / 88 .
reproductive activity and condition index of holacanthus passer ( teleostei : pomacanthidae ) in the gulf of california , mexico .
reproductive activity and condition index of holacanthus passer ( teleostei : pomacanthidae ) in the gulf of california , mexico . - pubmed - ncbi
a captive passer being serviced by the most common cleaner wrasse , labroides dimidiatus .
c . michael hogan marked the classification from
species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013
as preferred for
holacanthus passer valenciennes , 1846
.
genus holacanthus : eight or nine species if you include h . isabelita as valid .
related faqs : passer / king angels , baja / trop . e . pacific angelfishes ,
moenich , david r . 1990 . marine angelfish : holacanthus . afm 8 / 90 .
related articles : baja / trop e . pacific angelfishes , clarion angels , passer / king angels ,
moenich , david . 1990 . marine angelfish : holacanthus . aquarium fish magazine , 8 / 90 .
moenich , david r . 1989 . marine angelfish : genera : holacanthus . fama 11 / 89 .
related faqs : clarion angelfish , passer / king angels , baja / trop . e . pacific angelfishes ,
fig . 1 . monthly variation of the mean values of gonado - somatic index and condition index of holacanthus passer from cueva de león , b . c . s . , méxico . a ) females , b ) males .
generally speaking it cannot be recommended keeping these angelfish together with other holacanthus or docile fish in general . even with others of the angelfish genus , there is a big risk in keeping them with holacanthus , but it can be done .
michael , scott w . 1997 . holacanthus angelfish . their behavior isn ' t very angelic . afm 10 / 97 .
on our previous visit , the passer angel babies were just past their one month mark , looking like thumbnail flecks of silver with just the faintest resemblance toward holacanthus . now after approximately a hundred days of development , the same babies are fully matured juveniles with the characteristic markings and coloration of h . passer . it is remarkable how quickly they develop and change into something completely unrecognisable in under two months . these juvenile passer angels are just about ready for export and some may have already tasted international soil .
aburto - oropeza , o , sala e , sanchez - ortiz c . 2000 . feeding behavior , habitat use , and abundance of the angelfish holacanthus passer ( pomacanthidae ) in the southern sea of cortes . environmental biology of fishes . 57 : 435 - 442 .
holacanthus passer valenciennes 1846 , the king or passer angelfish ( 1 ) . juveniles act as cleaners of other fishes . to about nine inches in length . a great , hardy fish for a large marine system . mid sea of cortez on down the pacific coast to the galapagos . two inch one in cabo , four inch juvenile in the galapagos , an adult in cabo , mexico , and an old individual in the galapagos .
holacanthus are known for their aggressiveness , so one must have a large tank to keep these fish . especially the smaller ones are very quarrelsome .
campbell , douglas . marines : their care and keeping , holacanthus - apolemichthys , parts 1 & 2 . fama 3 , 4 / 81 .
holacanthus isabelita jordan & rutter 1898 , the blue angelfish . western atlantic ; bermuda , florida to the west indies . to eighteen inches in length .
holacanthus passer valenciennes 1846 , the king or passer angelfish ( 1 ) . juveniles act as cleaners of other fishes . to about nine inches in length . a great , hardy fish for a large marine system . mid sea of cortez on down the pacific coast to the galapagos . two inch one in cabo , four inch juvenile in the galapagos , an adult in cabo , mexico , an old - timer in the galapagos , and a group there .
campbell , douglas . 1981 . marines : their care & keeping ; holacanthus - apolemichthys , pts . i & ii , 3 , 4 / 81 .
holacanthus limbaughi baldwin 1963 , the clipperton angelfish ( 1 ) . only recorded from clipperton island in the tropical east pacific . to about nine inches in length .
feddern , h . a . 1968 . hybridization between the western atlantic angelfishes , holacanthus isabelita and h . ciliaris . bull . mar . sci . 18 : 351–382 .
arellano - martínez , m . , ceballos - vázquez , b . p . , garcía - domínguez , f . and galván - magaña , f . , 1999 . , reproductive biology of the king angelfish holacanthus passer valenciennes 1846 in the gulf of california , mexico . , bull . mar . sci . , 65 : 677 - 685 .
the diet of the passer angelfish should include vegetable matter such as spirulina , marine algae , meaty items , and high - quality angelfish preparations which include sponges . feed at least three times daily .
cloze : one of the three
amigo
angels of the genus holacanthus found in the eastern pacific , the king or passer , is a candidate for centerpiece specimen in s uitable settings . in particular , if you ' ve dreamed , or even better , actually visited w / in this fish ' s extensive range , i encourage you to devise a biotopic presentation for optimizing its health and display .
passer angelfish / compatibility 5 / 17 / 12 hey crew ! < shea > i have a question about passer angel compatibility . i have a 220 gallon fowlr tank that has been set up for about three years now . it ' s current residents include a harlequin tusk , volitans lion , and a dogface puffer . i am looking at getting an angel and thought the passer would be a more suitable option over the queen or emperor . what are your thoughts on this ? < they are all about the same as far as aggressiveness is concerned but the passer would be better for your size tank as it doesn ' t grow quite as large as the other two choices . regardless of your choice , you will eventually need a larger tank . a 220 gallon tank doesn ' t offer a lot of room for a one foot fish . thanks , shea
a possible new hybrid of angelfish has been observed in the cabo san lucas area . this is the first probable pomacanthid hybrid from the eastern pacific . it is not known whether this is a natural occurrence or the result of introduction of the clarion angelfish , holacanthus clarionensis , from the revillagigedo islands by fishing boats . all characters support the hypothesis that the unidentified pomacanthid is a hybrid of h . passer and h . clarionensis .
holacanthus africanus cadenat 1951 , west african angelfish ( 1 ) . seldom seen in the trade due to its range : off the coast of tropical western africa . to seventeen inches long in the wild . pic by anthonyc .
holacanthus are some of the hardier angelfish , but they are still vulnerable to parasitic attack and need quality varied food with a good supply of nori and spirulina . one must avoid a too protein rich food as this stops them obtaining enough vitamin a
the ig monthly variation in h . passer is closely related to the reproductive activity on the basis of histological validation made by arellano - martínez et al . ( 1999 ) . on the other hand , k usually has been used as a relative measure of the nutritional status of fish ( encina and granado - lorencio 1997 ) . in h . passer , the reproductive activity is inversely related to the nutritional status . it is more evident for females because of their higher energy requirement for gonad development ( encina and granado - lorencio 1997 ) .
( sala , e ; o . aburto , and j . l . arreola . 1999 . observations of a probable hybrid angelfish of the genus holacanthus from the sea of cortés , méxico . pacific science , vol . 53 , no . 2 : 181 - 184 . )
sala , e . , aburto - oropeza , o . , arreola - robles , j . l . , 1999 . , observations of a probable hybrid angelfish of the genus holacanthus from the sea of cortez , méxico . , pac . sci . , 53 : 181 - 184 .
holacanthus clarionensis gilbert 1891 , the clarion angelfish ( 1 ) . found at the tip of southern baja on down to scattered islands as far south as clipperton . to eight inches in length . a rare beauty that demands a well - deserved high price . juvenile and adult at socorro island , revilligigedos .
unlike most aquarium hobbyists , i was of good fortune to meet this fish on its own turf years ago , while dive / drive traveling in mexico ' s baja california . back in the later 1960 ' s and 70 ' s gasoline south of the border from san diego was in the 30 some cents a gallon range . . . and cervezas were in the same price range . . . hence , vamos al sur ! off to the sea of cortez ( nee gulf of california ) for fishing , diving , general r & r . ahh , the mar de cortes . . . by some counts
the world ' s largest fish bowl
; a treasure . on an early go to l . a . bay i saw my first passer angels ( note , not
passer ' s
; this fish is not monikered for an individual but for the latin word
passer
for the swallow , a bird of similar grace ) .
clarion angels , holacanthus clarionensis are almost identical to kings ' in color and markings with one notable exception ; the head of the king angel is yellow and the head and tail of the clarion is bright orange . adult clarions add up to their naming , they are brilliant to glowing orange trimmed with bright blue .
the king angelfish , holacanthus passer , has various color morphs from juvenile to adult . adult king angelfish will clean hammerhead sharks , so hey if you happen to have a tank the size of most houses , get one ! otherwise a tank that is at least 135 gallons minimum is need for proper growth for this 14
angelfish ! it is odd , but large angelfish , if their growth is stunted by a small tank , will result in their death ! their organs will grown to proper size , but if the body does not make it to the correct length , these organs are in essence are crushed , leading to death in about a year or so .
thus far , all specimens of passer / king angels are wild - collected . thankfully , this is a very tough species , as the collection , holding and transport from native waters is indeed arduous . having been involved in this process on several occasions , through all aspects , i assure you that it ' s tiring for the humans as well .
as pomacanthids go , the king is a fighter . . . not only one to a tank , but only one angel species / specimen should be stocked in a given system , unless it is huge ! some folks have had success with keeping an adult and juvenile passer together , speculating that the great difference in color and markings may well afford some deference from persecution .
the passer angelfish can grow to over a foot in length so it requires at least a 220 gallon aquarium . it is a hardy fish , but can become aggressive , so it should be kept with other semi - aggressive tank mates . it grazes on live rock and will nip at stony and soft corals ( sessile invertebrates ) and clam mantles , so it is not a good candidate for a reef aquarium .
holacanthus ciliaris ( linnaeus 1758 ) , the queen angelfish ( 1 ) . a true queen of fishes . to seventeen inches in the wild . florida to brazil in the tropical west atlantic . juvenile ( note curved white body bars compared to straight in h . bermudensis ) in captivity and adult in the wild ( bahamas ) shown . adults may be yellow , even
koi
mixed in color .
holacanthus bermudensis goode 1876 , the blue angelfish ( 1 ) . often confused price - wise with the queen angelfish , whose juveniles have bent mid - body bars and adults are much more colorful overall . hybrids between the two abound . patchy distribution in the tropical west atlantic . to thirteen inches or so in length . below : juvenile and mid - size adult in captivity , adult off of florida shown .
se evaluó la variación anual y la relación entre el índice gonadosomático ( lg ) y el índice de condición ( k ) de holacanthus passer de un total de 194 especímenes recolectados en cueva de león , golfo de california , méxico ( 24°02 ' n , 110°24 ' w ) . se encontró una correlación negativa significativa entre ig y k para ambos sexos : los índices presentan un patrón estacional opuesto . la actividad reproductiva de ambos sexos está inversamente relacionada con el estado nutricional del pez . se encontró una diferencia significativa en los valores de ig pero no en los valores de k entre machos y hembras . el índice de condición puede ser usado para determinar la época de reproducción de la especie en otras localidades sin sacrificar al organismo y puede ser una herramienta valiosa para el desarrollo de programas de monitoreo para la pesquería y cultivo de la especie .
from june 1992 to may 1993 , adult specimens of the king angelfish h . passer were collected monthly with hawaiian speargun at 2 to 10 m depth , at cueva de león ( 24°02 ' n , 110°24 ' w ) in the gulf of california , mexico . organisms were measured ( total length , mm ) and weighed ( total weight , g ) . gonads were dissected and weighed ( 0 . 01 g accuracy ) .
in h . passer , the higher k values found during the inactive reproductive period ( smaller ig values , winter - spring ) could be produced by accumulation of reserve substances , to be used during ripening , the beginning of gonadal development ( rising ig values ) coincided with the highest k values , whereas their depletion occurred in both sexes just before the maximum gonadal development ( highest ig values ) and during spawning ( summer - autumn ) .
the passer angelfish is also called the king angelfish . the adult is predominately dark blue with a white vertical stripe extending down from the dorsal fin about two - thirds of the way to the pelvic fin . the dorsal fin is rimmed in yellow . the caudal and pectoral fins are also yellow , while the ventral fins are yellow on a female , and white on the male . the juvenile is orange with one white and multiple blue stripes .
common names include the king angelfish , which describes that little “crown” that develops on the adult . others are passer angelfish which is part of the scientific name and whitebanded angelfish which describes the vertical curved thin bar on each side of the body . one additional name , though not commonly seen is angel real . the spanish word “real” means royal in english , so in essence , “royal angel” . another is the french name for this fish of demoiselle royale . this angelfish has been known to hybridize with the clarion angelfish
the condition index has been used as a simple indicator of the physical and physiological status of the fish ( e . g . it works as a relative measure of the nutritional status ) ( encina and granado - lorencio 1997 ) . it is also known that a close relationship exists between physiological status , condition , and reproductive stage . the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the gonadosomatic index and the condition index of a population of king angelfish h . passer v . from gulf of california , mexico .
holacanthus tricolor ( bloch 1795 ) , the ( atlantic ) rock beauty ( 3 ) . the one
stinker
in the bunch that are regularly offered . most specimens die
mysteriously
from the effects of capture and lack of nutrition . . . place yours in an established live rock tank , and get it to feed immediately . to eight inches in length . at right : a 1 . 5
juv . in cozumel . below : juvenile in aquarium , semi and full adult in the bahamas .
most importantly , passer angel tanks need to be large . . . hundreds of gallons . this is a wide and free - ranging species that does extremely poorly being hemmed in by too small confines . a habitat mimicking a rocky patch reef akin to the natural would be ideal . if keeping a small ( a few inches ) specimen , a good deal of spacing to get into and amongst nooks and crannies will be appreciated . larger specimens should be afforded at least a few such caves , swim - throughs to grant a sense of being able to get away .
more eager eaters do not exist . passer angels are the equivalent of labrador retriever dogs . . . gratefully taking in all types of foods in large amounts if available . in the wild this species principally consumes live sponge and algal material , with the balance made up of benthic invertebrates of small size ( worms , molluscs . . . ) . in captivity kings will consume pelleted , dried , frozen / defrosted . . . having a goodly amount of live rock present and taking care to rotate in some new on a regular basis is key to maintaining the health of small to large specimens .
they are aggressive to others of their genus , holacanthus . it is sometimes successful is you choose to add 2 differently sized king angelfish in a tank of at least 180 gallons ( 681 l ) . add the smaller fish first and put up a barrier between the two so the larger cannot harm the smaller angelfish , and observe their behavior . these fish may live in tanks with pomacanthus angelfish in a tank of at least 220 gallons ( 833 l ) but again , should be added after pomacanthus as the last resident . also avoid housing angelfish of similar size , shape or color . remove two fish that are constantly causing injury to each other immediately .
my passer is a periodic hellion , but like him any way , and he lives with a queen , an enormous french angel , and a blue - ringed angel as well . he was raised with the blue ringed and queen since they were babies , it worked out , but have tried it the other way and introduced an older one and that was a disaster . the french angel is 12 inches and she / he keeps everyone in check including my queen trigger - they all reside in a 280 gallon tank now , but when the 3 angels i raised together were babies , i brought them up in a 55 gallon for about 2 years . use a lot of vitamins ! get one ! brian
ghost white cortez angel . . . first ever . 6 / 29 / 11 omg ! look what we just caught in mexico . . . < ahh , the royal
we
> this is the first and only white cortez angel i have ever seen in 30 years of diving . clarion angels and hybrids are much easier to get . i wonder what to charge for it ? japan will take it for 3 . 5 k . . . . . but perhaps it might stay on this side of the world . better photos very soon i . e . . friday . many cortez and passer angels coming in as well . < i thought you were still in jail for the clipperton incident . bobf > steve robinson
holacanthus arcuatus gray 1831 , the bandit , black - banded angelfish , holo - holo . . . a beauty and heartbreaker . . . this angel is so
friendly
it can be caught literally by hand . . . without a net . . . but rarely lives for any period of time in captivity . here ' s an image of one starting to break down ( note brown spot on its flank ) . imported from its limited range in hawai ' i . dr . randall lists in the genus desmoholacanthus and urltoken in apolemichthys . . . right : 2
juv . by matt ross . below : aquarium pic of one breaking down badly and a healthy one in hawai ' i .
mini reef aquarium guide . reef aquarium setup for large reef tanks , nano reef tanks , pico reef or micro reef aquariums with reef tank lighting , filtration , choosing coral reef animals , and problem solving !
setting up a saltwater aquarium . guide to marine supplies , putting the aquarium together , cycling the aquarium water and adding fish !
throughout the ages people of been fascinated , thrilled , frightened , and horrified by these creatures . they have been the subject of myths , novels , movies . . .
observations and insights of a marine enthusiast . an in - depth explanation of what it takes to be a successful marine aquarist
enter your freshwater aquarium enter parameters for your freshwater aquarium to get compatibility information while browsing .
enter your saltwater aquarium enter parameters for your saltwater aquarium to get compatibility information while browsing .
fish finder search our database for compatible pets ! enter characteristics of what you are looking for and find them instantly .
dr . jungle ' s pets and animal speak - newsletter featured pet of the week and more . . .
hello ! ! i am trying to find a seller who can sell 60 qty . of southern flying squirrel . please let me know if you or you know any ranch where can provide . hanna509 @ urltoken thank you
we have the best hand raised , healthy and very sociable scarlet , blue and gold macaw ready for sale . you can contact us for more infos
i need to find a new loving home for these beautiful puppies . bulldog the looks more like her mother . she is mostly potty pad trained . contacts if interested ( 229 ) 329 - 7088 .
i am looking for a young adult male florida box turtle . i live in jacksonville , fl .
very little information has been collected concerning the reproductive habits of marine angelfish but more information is coming in all the time .
, a species that occurs in harems containing a single dominant male and one to four females . the harems exhibit a pecking - order hierarchical system of dominance .
if the male is removed from the harem , the top ranking female will change to the male sex over a period of only two to three weeks . similar changes have been observed for
by shen and liu ( 1975 ) and for g . lamarck by suzuki . it appears that harem formation and sex inversion is common among the species of
( moyer and nakazono ) daily between may and october and seems to be controlled by temperature and light conditions . spawning will not occur if the temperature drops below 22° c ( 72° f ) . the majority of the spawnings take place between 10 minutes before and 5 minutes after sunset unless it was heavily overcast in which case the activities occurred much earlier in the day .
courtship consists of rapid rushing and circling of individual females by the male . in the final stages before actual spawning the male exhibits a
soaring
display in which he swims high off the bottom above a female and then strikes a motionless pose with all the fines extended . eventually the female approaches at close range and is
nuzzled
around the abdominal region by the male . this leads to sudden spawning burst in which eggs and sperm are simultaneously released in open water .
for an unknown time . moe ( 1977 ) reported a hatching time for western atlantic angelfish eggs of 18 to 30 hours .
demonstrate several types of mating systems , dependent on the density of the population at the particular location . they will form either permanent pair bonds , harems consists of a male defending several females in a small area , or ( in at least one species ) a large group coming together to spawn . in all systems however , these fish spawn in pairs .
pairs congregate at the edge of the reef at sunset , usually well above the substrate . they often engage in a courtship display where the male and female swim in a brisk head to tail circling motion . each pair will spawn and ascend into the water column , swimming together in an arc up to about 7 - 10 feet ( 2 - 3 meters ) above the substrate to expel pelagic eggs at the summit . in the large group spawning system they are quite promiscuous , and males will often try to disrupt the spawning of conspecifics .
adult queen and blue angelfish are generally found in pairs year round , so it is assumed that the male and the female have a monogamous relationship . pairs will spawn by slowly rising up in the water column while bringing their bellies close together , and releasing large amounts of eggs and sperm . a female can release anywhere from 25 to 75 thousand eggs each evening . this can total as many as
eggs for the duration of the spawning cycle . the eggs are transparent and pelagic , floating in the water column . the eggs will hatch in 15 to 20 hours . at this point the pre - larval angelfish is attached to a large yolk sac , and has no functional fins . the yolk sac is absorbed and during this time the fish develops into true larvae and begins to feed on plankton in the water column . growth is rapid and 3 to 4 weeks after hatching the fish will reach about 15 - 20mm and will settle on the bottom .
a very happy clark ' s clownfish couple is spawning under a rock near their anemone . the anemone is to the left and the eggs are the reddish orange dots . after the male fertilizes the eggs , they fan the new arrivals . clark ' s or banded clownfish are readily available , love bubble tip anemones , and are durable fish for the beginner aquarist .
although a little blurry , in many shots you can see the eggs on the roof of the pvc . neon gobies are easy to breed in captivity . spawning every 10 to 12 days , many times the larvae from several clutches can be raised together until they settle out of being larvae in a 20 gallon long tank . they only attain around 2
in length and by 3 cm or about 5 to 6 months from hatching , they are ready to start their own families ! if removing the eggs from the male , have a gentle stream of small bubbles blowing across to top of the clutch . they have been known to live 5 to 10 years in captivity .
fiji blue devil damsels , like clownfish are easy to spawn in captivity . keep with other more aggressive fish that are not actually predatorial fish that can swallow them whole ! provide them with a sandy bottom to dig a home under a rock and a tank that is at least 30 gallons . in a smaller tank like that , a single or pair should be the only ones in the tank due to their extreme aggressiveness which becomes more intense once they reach sexual maturity . do not house with clownfish , as they will attack clowns unless the tank is well over 100 gallons or more and the clownfish is the more aggressive kind like the maroon . even then keep an eye out for aggressiveness .
the video of the three striped damsel shows the aggressiveness they can have , even trying to get at the aquarists hand through the glass ! at 1 : 01 , a male and female are spawning and laying eggs on the glass of the tank . at 5 : 09 , you can see that the eggs have hatched and there is larvae present in the water ! being very aggressive , they are best housed in an aggressive reef community with other fish that can hold their own . the bright white and black stripes are an eye catching combo that draws aquarists ! three striped damsels are great for beginner aquarists or those who have a nano tank .
this video just cracked me up ! the music and the spawning couple is a short but funny demonstration of the
dance
they do when they spawn .
individual butterflyfish species studied up to this time indicate that these fish are gonochoristic , meaning that each fish is either a male or a female , . . . and they do not change sex !
marine butterflyfish have not reportedly been spawned successfully in captivity . there are , however , reports of some success in rearing wild collected larvae of some corallivorous butterflyfish . it is hoped these captive reared fish will be adapted to accept aquarium foods , and thus broaden the species selections that can be sustained in captivity .
many clownfish have been successfully bred in captivity . they are among the first marine species to be bred commercially . most damsels and clownfish are substrate spawners , which means they lay their eggs on the substrate .
usually , the male takes care of and maintains the eggs after the fish have spawned . he will keep them fanned and protect them against predators .
to breed them get a pair , or purchase six or more of the type you wish to breed . this will help assure that you get a male and a female of the species . the best success is achieved if they are provided a healthy host anemone that they accept . after they are mature , about a year or so unless you buy a pair , they will clean off a place near the anemone and lay eggs there . the parents will take care of the eggs by defending them against other fish and will frequently fan them . after about 8 days , the eggs will hatch an hour after dark . this is so they have better chance of avoiding predators , including their own parents ! from here the fry are on their own and will need infusoria or baby brine shrimp several times a day to survive . it is a good idea to remove the eggs before they hatch and place them in a separate aquarium devoted to raising the fry . even so , many of the small fry will die before reaching maturity .
there is also an excellent book available on the propogation of clownfish , clownfishes , by joyce d . wilkerson . it includes sections not only for selecting your breeders , but also discusses the spawning and rearing of the fry .
successful institutional breeding of some species of damselfish has been accomplished in india , also some species have reportedly spawned in home aquariums .
reports of the propogation of damselfish has been rather sporadic , though there have been some exciting successes . in india five species have been successfully developed . the central marine fisheries research institute in vizhinjam , thiruvananthapuram has cultivated the filamentous - tail black damsel
hobbyists too have reported some successes in spawning various damsels in the aquarium . some of these include the yellow - belly damsel
the successful propogation of most marine fish are a challenge to even the most advanced hobbyist , and damselfish are no exception . probably the biggest reason there has not been a lot more reports about the propogation of damselfish in captivity is due to the commitment required in both time and equipment , which of course ultimately translates into cost . this requires a serious commitment , not only to spawn these fish but to rear the fry as well . as damselfish are inexpensive and readily available , there hasn ' t been a large demand for captive reared specimens .
with an increasing interest in the marine hobby today , many people would like to try their hand at raising these fish . tto help get started propogating damsels in the aquarium , an excellent book is available on the propogation of clownfish ( one of the damselfish genera ) . it is clownfishes , by joyce d . wilkerson and includes sections not only for selecting your breeders , but also discusses the spawning and rearing of the fry .
the longnose hawkfish is also the only one we know of to have been bred in captivity .
hawkfish in general , are not sexually dichromatic ( different sexes cannot be determined by looks ) . the longnose hawkfish ,
, is one exception since the male has an additional black edge on the ventral and tail fins .
hawkfishes generally live in harems with the largest fish of the group being the male . they are what is called protogynous hermaphrodites , which means that if the male is killed or missing , one of the females will change to a male to fill the gap . this is also believed to be the case with wrasses and angelfish .
the hawkfish spawn at twilight . the male sets up a territory which includes 2 to 7 females . each night around twilight , he visits each female on her coral block looking for the right ones to court . when he finds a suitable female they swim upwards together in an arch releasing the eggs and sperm together .
, but it is supposed that they spend about 3 weeks in this stage . the fact that they are pelagic for quite some time is used to explain why they are so widely distributed about the ocean .
although they have not been bred in the aquarium ( with the exception of the longnose hawkfish ) , they will set up the territories with the male and several females occupying several different coral branches or blocks .
they are haremic , which means one male will spawn with a group of females . after courting for an entire day , the fish will spawn around midnight . they will rise to the top of the water column during and release gelatinous balls of eggs , each ball containing about 2000 eggs . the egg balls will dissolve after about 24 hours releasing the individual eggs . the eggs themselves will hatch after about 36 hours . the fry will immediately feed on the available plankton . as with most fish it is difficult to keep enough plankton in the water to keep the fry alive .
the above information was obtained from seascope , volume 15 , summer 1998 , in an article by matthew l . wittenrich entitled lionfish : an overview
everything we have found on the breeding moray eels indicates that they are not commonly bred in captivity for several reasons . . .
they will not breed until they are very large and have outgrown most aquariums . also , morays , with the exception of ribbon eels , are what is called ' gonochoristic ' . the female will spawn either as a pair or with several smaller males . at dusk the eggs are released and are basically pelagic . the larval stage of the eel lasts for 6 - 10 months and so makes it difficult to reproduce in the aquarium .
, that spawn far out in the ocean and release up to 20 million eggs per female . after spawning though , the adults die . the young , called
leptocephali
then travel back to the continental shores where they metamorphose into small eels called ' elvers ' that then move into freshwater habitats .
some information has been collected concerning the reproductive habits of marine surgeonfish . . .
some species of surgeonfish have spawned in public aquariums and there have been a few scattered reports of spawnings in aquariums , but regular spawnings and rearing of the young has not yet been reported .
male triggerfish maintain large territories with several females maintaining smaller territories within the male ' s larger territory .
each female will dig a pit in the sand within their territory which will serve as a place to deposit the eggs . i don ' t yet know how long before the eggs hatch , or what the larvae are called .
copyright © [ animal - world ] 1998 - 2015 . all rights reserved .
we parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .
80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on image to enlarge .
dorsal rays xiv , 18 - 20 ; anal rays iii , 17 - 19 ; pectoral rays 18 - 20 ; lateral line weakly developed , about 50 scales in longitudinal series ; a stout spine on lower edge of cheek .
velvety blue - grey with blue scale centers ; a narrow white bar on side at level of rear edge of pectoral fin ; tail fin yellow ; juveniles orangish anteriorly , brown posteriorly , 5 - 6 narrow blue bars on side and pair of similar bars on head surrounding broad brown bar through eye .
habitat : juveniles sometimes found in tide pools . relatively common on rocky reefs or coralline areas .
central baja to the gulf of california to peru , including the revillagigedos , galapagos , malpelo and cocos .
aburto - oropeza , o . and balart , e . f . , 2001 . , community structure of reef fish in several habitats of a rocky reef in the gulf of california . , marine ecology , 22 : 283 - 305 .
acosta salmón , h . and martínez fernández , e . , 2000 . , propuesta preliminar . . . de concha nacar ( pteria sterna gould , 1851 ) en la bahía de la paz , baja california sur , méxico . en aburto oropeza , o . y c . a . sánchez ortiz ( eds . ) . recursos arrecifales del golfo de california , … . , universidad autónoma de baja california sur : 95 - 106 .
allen , g . r . and robertson , d . r . , 1994 . , fishes of the tropical eastern pacific . , crawford house press pty ltd : 1 - 332 .
almenara roldán , s . c . , 2000 . , demanda internacional en el manejo de especies marinas de ornato . en aburto oropeza , o . y c . a . sánchez ortiz ( eds . ) . recursos arrecifales del golfo de california , estrategias de manejo para las especies marinas de ornato . , universidad autónoma de baja california sur : 30 - 38 .
breder , c . m . jr . , 1936 . , scientific results of the second oceanographic expedition of the
pawnee
1926 . heterosomata to pediculati from panama to lower california . , bull . bingham oceanogr . collect . yale univ . , 2 ( 3 ) : 1 - 56 .
béarez , p . , 1996 . , lista de los peces marinos del ecuador continental . , revista de biologia tropical , 44 : 731 - 741 .
castro - aguirre , j . l . and balart , e . f . , 2002 . , la ictiofauna de las islas revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas , con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion . en : lozano - vilano , m . l . ( ed . ) . libro jubilar en honor al dr . salvador contreras balderas . , universidad autonoma de nuevo león : 153 - 170 .
edgar , g . j . banks , s . , fariña , j . m . , calvopiña , m . and martínez , c . , 2004 . , regional biogeography of shallow reef fish and macro - invertebrate communities in the galapagos archipelago . , journal of biogeography , 31 : 1107 - 1124 .
elorduy garay , j . f . and jiménez gutiérrez , s . v . , 2000 . , metodologías para el estudio de los peces de arrecife . en aburto oropeza , o . y c . a . sánchez ortiz ( eds . ) . recursos arrecifales del golfo de california , estrategias de manejo para las especies marinas de ornato . , universidad autónoma de baja california sur : 72 - 82 .
findley , l . t . , hendrickx , m . e . , brusca , r . c . , van der heiden , a . m . , hastings , p . a . , torre , j . , 2003 . , diversidad de la macrofauna marina del golfo de california , mexico . , cd - rom versión 1 . 0 . projecto de la macrofauna del golfo . derechos reservados de los autores y conservación internacional .
fischer , w . , krup , f . , schneider , w . , sommer , c . , carpenter , k . e . and niem , v . h . , 1995 . , guia fao para la identificacion de especies de para los fines de la pesca . pacifico centro - oriental . volumen iii . vertebrados - parte 2 . , fao3 : 1201 - 1813 .
fowler , h . w . , 1944 . , results of the fifth george vanderbilt expedition ( 1941 ) ( bahamas , caribbean sea , panama , galapagos archipelago and mexican pacific islands ) . the fishes . , acad . nat . sci . philadel . , monographs , 6 : 57 - 529 .
galván - magaña , f . , abitia - cárdenas , l . a . , rodríguez - romero , j . , pérez - españa , h . , chávez - ramos , h . , 1996 . , systematics list of the fishes from cerralvo island , baja california sur , mexico . , ciencias marinas , 22 : 295 - 311 .
galván - magaña , f . , gutiérrez - sánchez , f . , abitia - cárdenas , l . a . , rodríguez - romero , j . , 2000 . , the distribution and affinities of the shore fishes of the baja california sur lagoons . in aquatic ecosystems of mexico : status and scope . eds . m . manuwar , s . g . lawrence , i . f . manuwar & d . f . malley . ecovision world monograph series . , backhuys publishers : 383 - 398 .
garcía - rodríguez , f . j . and aurioles - gamboa , d . , 1997 . , contribución al conocimiento de la diversidad íctica en la bahía de la paz por … lobo marino de california , zalophus californianus californianus . en urbán ramírez , j . y m . ramírez rodríguez ( eds . ) . la bahía de la paz investigación y conservación . , universidad autónoma de baja california sur : 151 - 162 .
gotshall , d . w . , 1996 . , fishes of rocas alijos . in rocas alijos . ed . r . w . schmieder . cornell expeditions . , kluwer academic publishers : 347 - 354 .
hildebrand , s . f . and barton , o . , 1949 . , a collection of fishes from talara , perú . , smithsonian miscellaneus collections , 111 : 1 - 36 .
humann , p . , 1993 . , reef fish identification : galapagos . , new world publishing : 192pp .
jimenez - prado , p . , béarez , p . , 2004 . , peces marinos del ecuador continental / marine fishes of continental ecuador . , simbioe / nazca / ifea tomo 1 y 2 .
kendall , w . c . and radcliffe , l . , 1912 . , the shore fishes . reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical pacific , . . . by the u . s . fish commission steamer albatross , from october , 1904 , to march , 1905 , lieut . commander l . m . garret , u . s . n . , commanding . xxv . , mem . mus . comp . zool . , 35 ( 3 ) : 75 - 171 .
lopez , m . i . and bussing , w . a . , 1982 . , lista provisional de los peces marinos de la costa rica . , revista de biologia tropical , 30 ( 1 ) : 5 - 26 .
love , m . s . , mecklenburg , c . w . , mecklenburg , t . a . , thorsteinson , l . k . , 2005 . , es of the west coast and alaska : a checklist of north pacific and artic ocena species from baja california to the alaska - yukon border . , u . s . department of the interior , u . s . geological survey , biological resources division , 288pp .
madrid vera , j . , ruíz luna , a . and rosado bravo , i . , 1998 . , peces de la plataforma continental de michoacán y sus relaciones regionales en el pacífico mexicano . , revista de biologia tropical , 42 ( 2 ) : 267 - 276 .
mccosker , j . e . and rosenblatt , r . h . , 1975 . , fishes collected at malpelo island . in graham , j . b . ( ed . ) the biological investigation of malpelo island , colombia . , smithsonian contrib . zool . , 176 : 91 - 93 .
meek , s . e . and hildebrand , s . f . , 1928 . , the marine fishes of panama . part iii . , field mus . nat . hist . , zool . ser . publ . , xv : 709 - 1045 .
osburn , r . c . and nichols , j . t . , 1916 . , shore fishes collected by the ' albatross ' expedition in lower california with descriptions of new species . , bull . amer . mus . nat . hist . , 35 : 139 - 181 .
ricker , k . e . , 1959 . , mexican shore and pelagic fishes collected from acapulco to cape san lucas during the 1957 cruise of the
marijean
. , univ . brit . columbia inst . fish . , mus . contrib . , 3 : 18pp .
rodríguez - romero , j . , abitia - cárdenas , l . a . , galván - magaña , f . , gutiérrez - sanchez , f . j . , aguilar - palomino , b . , arvizú - martínez , j . , 1998 . , ecology of fish communities from the soft bottoms of bahía concepción , méxico . , arch . fish . mar . res . , 46 : 61 - 76 .
rubio , e . a . , 1986 . , notas sobre la ictiofauna de la isla de gorgona , colombia . , boletin ecotropica . univ . bog . jorge tadeo lozano , 13 : 86 - 112 .
rubio , e . a . , 1988 . , estudio taxonomico de la ictiofauna acompañante del camaron en areas costeras del pacifico de colombia . , memorias del vi seminario nacional de las ciencias del mar . comisión colombiana de oceanografía . bogota , colombia . , : 169 - 183 .
snodgrass , r . e . and heller , e . , 1905 . , papers from the hopkins stanford galapagos expedition , 1898 - 1899 . xvii . shorefishes of the revillagigedo , clipperton , cocos and galapagos island . , proc . wash . acad . sci . , 6 : 333 - 427 .
sánchez ortíz , c . , arreola robles , j . l . , aburto oropeza , o . and cortés hernández , m . , 1997 . , peces de arrecife en la región de la paz , b . c . s . . en urbán ramírez , j . y m . ramírez rodríguez ( eds . ) . la bahía de la paz investigación y conservación . , universidad autónoma de baja california sur : 189 - 200 .
thomson , d . a . , findley , l . t . and kerstitch , a . n . , 2000 . , reef fishes of the sea of cortez . , university of texas press ( revised ed . ) : 353 .
valenciennes , a . , 1846 . , table + ichthyology pls . 1 - 10 . in : a . du petit - thouars . atlas de zoologie . voyage autour du monde sur la frégate
vénus ,
pendant les années 1836 - 1839 . , voyage venus , .
van der heiden , a . m . and findley , l . t . , 1988 . , lista de los peces marinos del sur de sinaloa , méxico . , anales del centro de ciencias del mar y limnologia de la universidad autonoma nacional de mexico , 15 : 209 - 224 .
vega , a . j . , villareal , n . , 2003 . , peces asociados a arrecifes y manglares en el parque nacional coiba . , tecnociencia , 5 : 65 - 76 .
villareal - cavazos , a . , reyes - bonilla , h . , bermúdez - almada , b . and arizpe - covarrubias , o . , 2000 . , los peces del arrecife de cabo pulmo , golfo de california , méxico : lista sistemática y aspectos de abundancia y biogeografía . , rev . biol . trop . , 48 : 413 - 424 .
i thank ashley macdonald and john pickering , university of georgia , for technical support in building this page .
a variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to calphotos . please follow the usage guidelines provided with each image . use and copyright information , as well as other details about the photo such as the date and the location , are available by clicking on the
greek , holos = full + greek , akantha = thorn ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 4 - 30 m ( ref . 5227 ) . tropical ; 28°n -
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 35 . 6 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5592 ) ; common length : 15 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 55763 )
diurnal grazer on sessile invertebrates and algae but specializes to a larger extent on sponges . also feeds on plankton . reproduction occurs in late summer . females are more territorial and form pair bonds with the males . oviparous ( ref . 240 ) , monogamous ( ref . 52884 ) . sometimes forms mixed aggregations with pomacanthus zonipectus ( ref . 9333 ) . cleaning behavior has been observed in juveniles .
spawn daily throughout the lunar cycle ( ref . 240 ) . protogyny has been proposed for this species awaiting confirmation ( ref . 103751 ) . monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social ( ref . 52884 ) .
thomson , d . a . , 1987 . reef fishes of the sea of cortez . the rocky - shore fishes of the gulf of california . the university of arizona press , tucson . 302 p . ( ref . 5592 )
) : 22 . 9 - 29 . 1 , mean 27 ( based on 211 cells ) . phylogenetic diversity index ( ref .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 03162 ( 0 . 01848 - 0 . 05411 ) , b = 2 . 93 ( 2 . 77 - 3 . 09 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref .
) : 2 . 6 ±0 . 33 se ; based on food items .
) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
we would like to import some live zebra shark . contact me please . best regard , liu wei chung . email : s89186 @ urltoken
i have a green moray eel that is just too big now , does anyone have a huge tank . . . . 400 + gallons ?
is a handsome fish with a “crown” , thus its royal designation . its close relative the
also has a
crown
and a similar body structure , but these two do differ slightly in size and in overall coloration . the king angel is smaller . reaching 14
( 35 . 6 cm ) in length while the queen can grow up to almost 18
( 45 cm ) .
both the king and the queen angelfish are found in the tropical reef areas adjacent to central america . their habitats were once continuous but are now separated due to the uplifting of the central america land bridge , roughly about 5 million years ago . this extended strip of land now separates the waters of the atlantic ocean from the pacific , and connects the two vast continents of north and south america . the king angelfish is found on the the west side of this land bridge in the eastern pacific ocean and the queen angelfish is found on the east side in the western atlantic .