chromis abyssus is a species of damselfish first discovered in 1997 and described in 2008 .

the 8 centimetres ( 3.1 in ) long fish only lives more than 110 m ( 361 ft ) below the surface of the pacific ocean around the coast of the ngemelis islands , palau .

adults have been observed living singly or in pairs , whereas juveniles tend to live in groups .

chromis abyssus

deep blue chromis ( chromis abyssus ) is a species of chromis first discovered in 1997 and described in 2008 . the 8 centimetres ( 3 . more
chromis abyssus pyle , r . l . , 2007 , zootaxa 1671 : 6 - 9 .
new deep blue chromis ( chromis abyssus ) found = rss reef forum threads * lots of aquarium tanks for sale * hi from peoria . more
here at reef builders we are a fan of all things chromis , and are especially fond of the deep water species such as the world famous chromis abyssus . c . abyssus was described in 2008 together with fou…
tracy barbaro selected
introduction
to show in overview on
chromis abyssus pyle , earle & greene , 2008
.
chromis abyssus , pyle , r . l . , earle , j . l . & greene , b . d . , 2008
unlike chromis abyssus which was also described in the same paper , c . brevirostris did not enjoy quality air time on the documentary “pacific abyss – for which c . abyssus was named after” featuring brian green , richard pyle and other noteworthy scientists . a short clip of c . abyssus can be seen here with centropyge abei .
you can add a new type of species that we would like to get our hands on . the species named chromis abyssus or its common name referred to as deep blue chromis was discovered off the coast of ngemelis…
with xiv dorsal - fin spines described herein ( c . abyssus , c . circumaurea , and
to cite this page : dr . richard pyle , 2008 ,
chromis abyssus
( on - line ) , digital morphology . accessed july 9 , 2018 at urltoken
here at reef builders we are a fan of all things chromis , and are especially fond of the deep water species such as the world famous chromis abyssus . c . abyssus was described in 2008 together with four other species – chromis circumaurea , c . degruyi , c . earina and the featured fish of this post , c . brevirostris . all five of these chromis are deep water specialists , with c . brevirostris being found typically at 85m or more , except for two at 60m .
deep blue deep blue chromis , or chromis abyssus , was found in a deep coral reef off one of the palau islands in the pacific ocean . according to asu ' s site , its discovery shows
how little we know of deep - reef biodiversity . more
greek , chromis = a fish , perhaps a perch ( ref . 45335 )
deep blue chromis is a chromis discovered in 1997 and described in 2008 by richard l . pyle , john l . earle , brian d . greene . more
this new damselfish , the deep blue chromis ( chromis abyssus ) , has kept its vivid blue spots well hidden from humans , hanging around reefs and rock outcroppings below 375 feet ( 115 meters ) in the western pacific region around palau , an island country east of the philippines . more
deep blue chromis is famous because it was the first organism registered in zoobank , a new taxonomic database . blue fish deep blue chromis photo credit bishop museum / richard pyle . more
chromis brevirostris , whose specific epithet means “short nose” . photo credit : trimma . net .
chromis abyssus was the first species entered into the zoobank registry with a timestamp of 2008 - 01 - 01t00 : 00 : 02 , and it was selected as one of the top 10 new species described in 2008 by the international institute for species exploration at arizona state university and an international committee of taxonomists .
; 2007 : five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific . zootaxa
you can add a new type of species that we would like to get our hands on . the species named chromis abyssus or its common name referred to as deep blue chromis was discovered off the coast of ngemelis island , palau . the same area in which the barrel eyed fish was found . originally seen in 1997 but never photographed up until 2007 when 9 specimens were finally captured , as they were eluding capture for over a decade ! the specimens were collected at depths of 350 - 380 feet with divers using advanced closed - circuit rebreather dive gear . researchers assume that these deep blue chromis feed off of plankton , but little is known about their habits since they are deep dwelling creatures .
etymology . named abyssus , a latinized form of the greek noun abyssos ( meaning
abyss
) , to honor the documentary film pacific abyss , produced by the british broadcasting corporation ( bbc ) , which funded the expedition on which the type specimens were collected . the vernacular name
deep blue chromis
, a reference to both the life color of this species and the relatively ( within the context of the genus ) deep - dwelling habits , is suggested instead of the more literally translated
abyss chromis
, so as not to imply that the species inhabits depths commonly defined as
abyssal
.
etymology :
named abyssus , a latinized form of the greek noun abyssos ( meaning ' abyss ' ) , to honor the documentary film pacific abyss , produced by the british broadcasting corporation ( bbc ) , which funded the expedition on which the type specimens were collected . the vernacular name ' deep blue chromis ' , a reference to both the life color of this species and the relatively ( within the context of the genus ) deep - dwelling habits , is suggested instead of the more literally translated ' abyss chromis ' , so as not to imply that the species inhabits depths commonly defined as ' abyssal . '
chromis abyssus — a beautiful species of damselfish made it to the top 10 representing the first taxonomic act of 2008 and the first act registered in the newly launched taxonomic database zoobank . as a result , in the first month following its original description , it was the most downloaded article in zootaxa ' s history and was among the top 10 downloaded articles for 11 months in 2008 . the discovery also highlights how little is known about deep - reef biodiversity .
the pan - oceanic genus chromis is a ubiquitous component of any coral reef , and can be found anywhere from sun speckled coral gardens to lung compressing depths in the mesophotic twilight zone . despite…
most members of the family live in shallow water , from 2 to 15 m ( 6 ft 7 in to 49 ft 3 in ) in depth , although some species ( e . g . , chromis abyssus ) are found below 100 m ( 330 ft ) . most species are specialists , living in specific parts of the reef , such as sandy lagoons , steep reef slopes , or areas exposed to strong wave action . in general , the coral is used as shelter , and many species can only survive in its presence .
, produced by the british broadcasting corporation ( bbc ) , which funded the expedition on which the type specimens were collected . the vernacular name ' deep blue chromis ' , a reference to both the life color of this species and the relatively ( within the context of the genus ) deep - dwelling habits , is suggested instead of the more literally translated ' abyss chromis ' , so as not to imply that the species inhabits depths commonly defined as ' abyssal . '
from these observations , c . abyssus appears to prefer depths in excess of 115 m , staying close to the substratum among boulders and rock outcroppings , where it takes refuge in small caves and holes . juveniles and some subadults were also observed around limestone talus . adults were usually observed singly or in pairs , while subadults and juveniles were seen in small groups . all type specimens were collected in the same general area , where the species is not uncommon . other chromis observed in the vicinity include three of the new species described herein ( c . brevirostris , c . degruyi , and c . earina ) .
reference : pyle , r . l . , j . l . earle & b . d . greene . 2008 . five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific . zootaxa 1671 : 3 - 31 .
pyle , r . , j . l . earle and b . d . greene , 2008 . five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific . zootaxa 1671 : 3 - 31 . ( ref . 59379 )
pyle , richard l . , john l . earle & brian d . greene . 2008 . five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific . zootaxa , 1671 : 3 - 31 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
pyle , r . l . , earle , j . l . & greene , b . d . , 2008 , five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific . , zootaxa 1671 , pp . 3 - 31 : 6 - 9
five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) are described from specimens collected from deep ( > 60 m ) coral - reef habitat in the western pacific by divers using mixed - gas closed - circuit rebreather gear . two of the five new species ( c . abyssus and c . circumaurea ) are each described from specimens taken at a single locality within the caroline islands ( palau and yap , respectively ) ; one ( c . degruyi ) is described from specimens collected or observed throughout the caroline islands , and two ( c . brevirostris and c . earina ) are described from specimens collected from several localities throughout the caroline islands , fiji , and vanuatu . all five species can easily be distinguished from other known chromis , and from each other , on the basis of color and morphology . these new species represent the first five scientific names prospectively registered in the official iczn zoobank registry . moreover , the electronic online edition of this document has been specially formatted with many embedded links to additional resources available online via the internet to enhance access to taxonomically - relevant information , and as a demonstration of the utility of international standards for biodiversity informatics .
the etymology behind its species name stems from “brevis” meaning short , and “rostrum” for snout . like its name sake suggests , living specimens of chromis brevirostris prove to have a very rounded face and short snout . since its publication in january of 2008 , we’ve been fascinated by the holotype specimen which showed very fuzzy details of a beautiful dorsal pattern featuring golden - edged scales .
the imagery on this page is supplemental to a paper entitled five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific , by r . l . pyle , j . l . earle and b . d . greene ( 2008 , zootaxa 1671 : 3 - 31 ) . the abstract is as follows :
pomacentrids have an orbiculate to elongated body shape , which is often laterally compressed . they have interrupted or incomplete lateral lines and they usually have a single nostril on each side ( some species of chromis and dascyllus have two on each side ) . they have small - to medium - sized ctenoid scales . they have one or two rows of teeth , which may be conical or spatulate .
in honour of the documentary “pacific abyss” , in which the type specimens were collected during filming . despite its specific epithet , this species is not found in the abyssal zones , but rather , restricted to the deep waters of the mesophotic reefs . as such , the common name “deep blue chromis” is used to negate any confusion . the species frequents deep water rocky outcrops where it stays close to ledges and substrata , often in company of
we knew that gold rim had immense potential to look amazing in real life but the lack of living photos of the fish proved frustrating . we finally stumbled upon living photos in incredible quality of this fish from an underwater japanese blog takulog , and were we blown away . the filamentous extensions on its tail , dorsal , anal and ventral fins are reminiscent of other deepwater chromis and pseudanthias species , and the gold - edged scale pattern on the dorsal region is nothing short of spectacular .
this page should be cited as follows ( rationale ) : pyle , r . l . , earle , j . l . , greene , b . d . ( 2007 ) five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific . . zootaxa 1671 : 6 – 9 . versioned wiki page : 2011 - 04 - 15 , version 4585 , urltoken , contributors ( alphabetical order ) : daniel mietchen , plazibot .
ty - jour t1 - five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific . a1 - pyle , r . l . a1 - earle , j . l . a1 - greene , b . d . y1 - 2007 jf - zootaxa ja - vl - 1671 is - ur - urltoken sp - 6 ep - 9 pb - m1 - versioned wiki page : 2011 - 04 - 15 , version 4585 , urltoken , contributors ( alphabetical order ) : daniel mietchen , plazibot .
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adults appear to prefer depths more that 115 m , staying close to the substratum , sand and rubble slope with boulders and rock outcroppings . they take refuge in small caves and holes . juveniles and some subadults were observed around limestone talus . adults were usually solitary or in pairs , while subadults and juveniles were seen in small groups . oviparous , distinct pairing during breeding ( ref . 205 ) . eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate ( ref . 205 ) . males guard and aerate the eggs ( ref . 205 ) . other chromis associated with this species include c . brevirostris , c . degruyi and c . earina ( ref . 59379 ) .
@ article { pyle2007zootaxa1671 , author = { pyle , r . l . and earle , j . l . and greene , b . d . } , journal = { zootaxa } , title = { five new species of the damselfish genus chromis ( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific . } , year = { 2007 } , volume = { 1671 } , issue = { } , pages = { 6 - - 9 } , doi = { } , url = { urltoken } , note = { versioned wiki page : 2011 - 04 - 15 , version 4585 , urltoken , contributors ( alphabetical order ) : daniel mietchen , plazibot . }
among this year ' s top 10 picks is a tiny seahorse - - hippocampus satomiae - - with a standard length of 0 . 54
( 13 . 8 mm ) and an approximate height of 0 . 45
( 11 . 5 mm ) . this pygmy species was found near derawan island off kalimantan , indonesia . the top 10 list of new species is announced annually by the international institute for species exploration at arizona state university .
a pea - sized seahorse , caffeine - free coffee and bacteria that live in hairspray are among the
top 10
species described in 2008 , a group of scientists announced today .
the top 10 new species also include the very tiny ( a snake just a slither longer than 4 inches or 104 millimeters ) , the very long ( an insect from malaysia with an overall length of 22 . 3 inches or 56 . 7 centimeters ) , the very old ( a fossilized specimen of the oldest known live - bearing vertebrate ) and the very twisted ( a snail whose shell twists around four axes ) . rounding out this year ' s list are a palm that flowers itself to death , a ghost slug from wales and a deep blue damselfish .
the species were announced by the international institute for species exploration at arizona state university and an international committee of taxonomists .
the taxonomists also are issuing an sos — state of observed species — report card on human knowledge of earth ' s species . in it , they report that 18 , 516 species new to science were discovered and described in 2007 .
the sos report was compiled by asu ' s international institute for species exploration in partnership with the international commission on zoological nomenclature , international plant names index , zoological record published by thomson reuters , and the international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology .
among this year ' s top 10 picks is a tiny seahorse – hippocampus satomiae – with a standard length of 0 . 54 inches ( 13 . 8 millimeters ) and an approximate height of 0 . 45 inches ( 11 . 5 millimeters ) . this pygmy species was found near derawan island off kalimantan , indonesia . the name — satomiae — is
in honour of miss satomi onishi , the dive guide who collected the type specimens .
from the plant kingdom is a gigantic new species and genus of palm – tahina spectablilis – with fewer than 100 individuals found only in a small area of northwestern madagascar . this plant flowers itself to death , producing a huge , spectacular terminal inflorescence with countless flowers . after fruiting , the palm dies and collapses . soon after the original publication of the species description , seeds were disseminated throughout the palm grower community , to raise money for its conservation by the local villagers . it has since become a highly prized ornamental .
also on the top 10 list is caffeine - free coffee from cameroon . coffea charrieriana is the first record of a caffeine - free species from central africa . the plant is named for professor andré charrier ,
who managed coffee breeding research and collecting missions at ird ( institut de recherche pour le développement ) during the last 30 years of the 20th century .
and , in the category of
spray on new species
is an extremophile bacteria that was discovered in hairspray by japanese scientists . the species — microbacterium hatanonis — was named in honor of kazunori hatano ,
for his contribution to the understanding of the genus microbacterium .
phobaeticus chani made the list as the world ' s longest insect with a body length of 14 inches ( 36 . 6 centimeters ) and overall length of 22 . 3 inches ( 56 . 7 centimeters ) . the insect , which resembles a stick , was found in borneo , malaysia .
the barbados threadsnake — leptotyphlops carlae — measuring 4 . 1 inches ( 104 millimeters ) is believed to be the world ' s smallest snake . it was discovered in st . joseph parish , barbados .
the ghost slug — selenochlamys ysbryda — was a surprising find in the well - collected and densely populated area of cardiff , glamorgan , wales .
a snail — opisthostoma vermiculum — found in malaysia , represents a unique morphological evolution , with a shell that twists around four axes . it is endemic to a unique limestone hill habitat in malaysia .
the other two species on the top 10 list are fish – one found in deep - reef habitat off the coast of ngemelis island , palau , and the other a fossilized specimen of the oldest known live - bearing vertebrate .
also on the top 10 list is a fossilized specimen — materpiscis attenboroughi — the oldest known vertebrate to be viviparous ( live bearing ) . the specimen , an extremely rare find from western australia , shows a mother fish giving birth approximately 380 million years ago . the holotype specimen has been nicknamed
josie
by the discoverer , john long , in honor of his mother .
charting the species of the world and their unique attributes are essential parts of understanding the history of life , says quentin wheeler , an entomologist and director of the international institute for species exploration at arizona state university .
it is in our own self - interest as we face the challenges of living on a rapidly changing planet ,
he said .
a new generation of tools are coming online , he said , that will vastly accelerate the rate at which we are able to discover and describe species .
most people do not realize just how incomplete our knowledge of earth ' s species is or the steady rate at which taxonomists are exploring that diversity . we are surrounded by such an exuberance of species diversity that we too often take it for granted ,
wheeler said .
the annual top 10 new species announcement and issuance of the sos report commemorate the anniversary of the birth of carolus linnaeus , who initiated the modern system of plant and animal names and classifications . the 300th anniversary of his birth on may 23 was celebrated worldwide in 2007 . last year marked the 250th anniversary of the beginning of animal naming .
there are an estimated 1 . 8 million species that have been described since linnaeus initiated the modern systems for naming plants and animals in the 18th century . scientists estimate there are between 2 million and 100 million species on earth , though most set the number closer to 10 million .
an international committee of experts , chaired by janine n . caira of the university of connecticut , selected the top 10 new species for this year ' s list . nominations were invited through the urltoken web site and also generated by institute staff and committee members .
the caira committee had complete freedom in making its choices and developing its own criteria , from unique attributes or surprising facts about the species to peculiar names , wheeler said .
for the science geek in everyone , live science offers a fascinating window into the natural and technological world , delivering comprehensive and compelling news and analysis on everything from dinosaur discoveries , archaeological finds and amazing animals to health , innovation and wearable technology . we aim to empower and inspire our readers with the tools needed to understand the world and appreciate its everyday awe .
elon musk ' s plan to rescue trapped thai boys ? a kiddie submarine that looks like a coffin .
picture by pyle , r . l . / greene , b . d .
name from latin form of the greek noun ' abyssos ' meaning abyss , for the documentary film pacific abyss , produced by the british broadcasting corporation ( bbc ) , which funded the expedition on which the type specimens were collected .
marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 107 - 150 m ( ref . 90102 ) . tropical
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 9 . 8 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 59379 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 14 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 12 - 13 ; anal spines : 2 ; anal soft rays : 12 - 14 . this species is distinguished by the following characters : dorsal rays xiv , 12 - 13 , usually 13 ; anal rays ii , 12 - 14 , usually 13 ; pectoral rays 18 - 19 , usually 19 ; spiniform caudal rays 3 ; tubed lateral - line scales 14 - 16 ; gill rakers 6 - 7 + 17 - 18 , usually 7 + 18 , total 24 - 25 , usually 25 ; body depth 1 . 58 - 1 . 83 in sl ; the color when fresh is dark gray with a large iridescent dark blue spot at center of each scale ; membranes on median fins and pelvic fins opaque charcoal gray , with an iridescent dark blue margin on the spinous part of the dorsal and anal fins ; caudal fin mottled iridescent dark blue and black ; pectoral fins with a black ovoid spot covering the basal portion and pectoral - fin axis ( ref . 59379 ) .
oviparous , distinct pairing during breeding ( ref . 205 ) . eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate ( ref . 205 ) . males guard and aerate the eggs ( ref . 205 ) .
) : 9 - 26 . 8 , mean 15 . 9 ( based on 47 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01778 ( 0 . 00786 - 0 . 04025 ) , b = 2 . 99 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 17 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 0 ±0 . 1 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 25 of 100 ) .
this is a really cool picture . i wish i could see this fish .
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the palau deep reef collection video is infamous for documenting some of our best deep diving ichthyologists “at work” while sounding like donald duck . first revealed to the aquarium hobby…
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this specimen , the holotype , was collected slightly north of blue holes caverns off ngemelis island , belau ( palau ) islands , micronesia by r . l . pyle on 27 april 2007 . it was made available to the university of texas high - resolution x - ray ct facility for scanning by dr . richard pyle of the bishop museum . funding for scanning was provided by dr . pyle . funding for image processing was provided by a national science foundation digital libraries initiative grant to dr . timothy rowe of the university of texas at austin .
the specimen was scanned by matthew colbert on 17 december 2007 along the coronal axis for a total of 810 slices . each slice is 0 . 1356 mm thick , with an interslice spacing of 0 . 1356 mm and a field of reconstruction of 63 mm .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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distribution . only collected from the type locality ; also observed at similar depths at augulpelu reef in palau . an individual of what appears to be this species was observed and photographed by mr . forrest young at 120 - 150 m near manado , sulawesi , indonesia .
diagnosis . dorsal rays xiv , 12 - 13 ( usually 13 ) ; anal rays ii , 12 - 14 ( usually 13 ) ; pectoral rays 18 - 19 ( usually19 ) ; spiniform caudal rays 3 ; tubed lateral - line scales 14 - 16 ; gill rakers 6 - 7 + 17 - 18 ( usually 7 + 18 ; total 24 - 25 , usually 25 ) ; body depth 1 . 58 - 1 . 83 in sl ; color when fresh dark gray with a large iridescent dark blue spot at center of each scale ; membranes on median fins and pelvic fins opaque charcoal gray , with an iridescent dark blue margin on the spinous portion of the dorsal and anal fins ; caudal fin mottled iridescent dark blue and black ; pectoral fins with a black ovoid spot covering the basal portion and pectoral - fin axil .
remarks . this species was first observed by the senior author on may 10 , 1997 , during a mixed - gas rebreather dive to 120 m on the east side of augulpelu reef ; palau ( 07º 16 . 41 ' n , 134º 31 . 44 ' e ) . it was later observed at the same reef at depths of 117 - 139 m from a submersible by patrick l . colin and lori j . bell in february - march , 2001 . in april 2005 , mr . forrest young and colleagues observed several individuals of this ( or a very similar ) species during mixed - gas rebreather dives at depths of 120 - 150 m at manado , sulawesi , indonesia . the type specimens included herein are the first of this species to be collected .
holotype . bpbm 4086163 ( 81 . 6 mm sl ) , belau ( palau ) islands ; off ngemelis island ; below and slightly n of blue holes caverns ( 7°8 ' 16 . 49
n , 134°13 ' 18 . 5
e ) : above large rock outcrop , 110 m , hand net , r . l . pyle , 27 april 2007 [ pcmb 311364 ] .
bpbm bmnh bpbm bpbm bpbm cas mnhn usnm usnm w a m 40861 2007 . 10 . 31 . 1 40855 40855 40855 225755 2007 - 1922 391136 391136 p . 32898
paratypes . bmnh 2007 . 10 . 31 . 165 ( 50 . 2 mm sl ) [ pcmb 310366 ] . bpbm 4085567 ( 3 ; 37 . 6 - 98 . 0 mm sl ) [ pcmb 310068 , 310269 ] . cas 22575570 ( 64 . 1 mm sl ) [ pcmb 310571 ] . mnhn 2007 . 192272 ( 63 . 7 mm sl ) [ pcmb 310473 ] . usnm 39113674 ( 2 ; 44 . 4 - 90 . 2 mm sl ) [ pcmb 310175 ] . wam p . 32898 - 00176 ( 64 . 5 mm sl ) [ pcmb 310677 ] . all from same locality as holotype : sand and rubble slope with scattered rock outcroppings , 107 - 116 m , quinaldine and hand net , r . l . pyle and b . d . greene , 25 april 2007 .
this page was last modified on 15 april 2011 , at 17 : 47 .
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is a ubiquitous icon of any coral reef , and can be found anywhere from sun speckled coral gardens to lung compressing depths in the mesophotic twilight zone . despite their near abrasive presence both in the field and in the aquarium trade , not much is known about the genus collectively . with increased deep water exploration , it’s becoming clearer that the humble
represents the largest genera with over 80 valid species , although there is no doubt that this number will only continue to grow in the decades to come . members of this genus are some of the few damselfishes to inhabit deep waters , with a couple of species pushing the boundaries and limits of even the most professional rebreather divers .
from the western pacific were described in a single publication . these represent some of the deepest known species yet , providing a glimpse of the genus’ diversity in the mesophotic zone . it also provides a rather interesting look at the seldom seen , whimsical side of ichthyologists . scientists are known to sneak clever humour into their work , often in the form of anagrams or witty phrases . the species described in this paper were named in order of the first five letters of the english alphabet in chronological order , starting with
got its name is somewhat of a mystery . there is a haze of uncertainty that surrounds this one , and to the best of my knowledge ,
“ , meaning color . this is , however , debatable . and since the genus
was erected more than a century before i walked this earth , it’s true etymology is perhaps hidden amongst dusty , silverfish encrusted literature .
the holotype of this handsome species was known from belau islands in palau , at a depth of 110m . apart from the type location , this species has also been observed at 120 - 150m in manado , sulawesi .
is fuliginous grey with a large obsidian spot on the pectoral fin base . the body is heavily striated in rows of brilliantly metallic blue spots , each one corresponding to the center of a single scale .
the cartoonish look of c . brevirostris is owed to its comically flattened face . photo credit : trimma . net .
was first known from the caroline islands at a depth of 100 - 103m . since then , the species has been recorded across much of micronesia , melanesia , and west to bali . this species is restricted to very deep waters in all locations , but , although rarely , can be found at 60m . the epithet “
is an amalgamation of the latin words for “short” and “snout” , owing to the species’ blunt face . this beautiful fish is bluish white overall with a row of gold - edged scales running along the dorsum . the soft portion of both dorsal and anal fins are equipped with a pair of filamentous extensions , and so are the caudal lobes .
frequents deep reef slopes and drops offs , generally at a depth of 90 - 120m . in its habitat , the species is not uncommonly found in aggregations of up to a dozen individuals .
, despite its unusual morphology , share similar meristics with five other species . they are
was known from the caroline islands at a depth of 98 - 100m . this species was first observed in the marshall islands at 120m from a submersible , and was subsequently collected from yap in 2007 . in
, the body is uniformly mahogany to chocolate brown . the distal portions of the dorsal spines are tipped in yellow , edging closer to the inner portions of the fin as it travels toward the posterior region . the entire soft dorsal fin , caudal and anal fin are colored in a rich goldenrod , earning the species its specific name of “
is found throughout much of micronesia , from the marianas to the marshalls , to the caroline islands and pohnpei . it frequents steep drop offs of up to 120m where numerous individuals may be found in close aggregation . in pohnpei , this species has been observed at 450ft in near vertical drop offs in the presence of
was first known from kayangel atoll in palau at 85m . this species is olivaceous to brownish - yellow with nine thin lavender - grey lines travelling horizontally across the body . the middle four to five stripes are extrapolated to the caudal peduncle , and a small black spot is present on the upper pectoral axil .
is uncommon in the wild , and frequents the same deepwater habitats as the preceding species at depths ranging from 85 - 120m .
is restricted to the caroline islands , where it is found throughout the various island groups . its range , however , is likely more extensive than currently known . the specific epithet “
” was named in honour of michael v . degruy , whose enthusiasm and determination in obtaining the type specimens were greatly appreciated by the authors penning its description .
is the final member of this deepwater quintet . this species was known from espiritu santo , vanuatu , at a depth of 116m .
is a faint seafoam to turquoise uniformly with a variable , vertically oriented spot on its body . the body is weakly decorated with four to five barely nascent stripes in pale blue . a malachite rim encircles the lower orbital limit , where it sometimes travels to the upper lip and diffuses posteriorly into the nape .
, which means “the color of spring” , in reference to its pale green body coloration . it is widely distributed throughout the tropical western pacific , from puluwat westwards to palau , south to papua new guinea , vanuatu and fiji . this species is absent from the american samoa , line islands and french polynesia . a single specimen was collected in misool , raja ampat at 75m , putting this species in the geographical ecoregion of west papua . it has not been found further west in indonesia proper , but it is not unlikely , considering its penchant for deep waters and the ensuing limitations in documentations .
together , these alphabetically named species make up the big five of the mesophotic realm . it’s quite likely that more
species are awaiting discovery down in those depths , further fuelling the enigmatic voodoo that surrounds this genus . few genera are able to straddle the divide between light and dark , but
lemon is a reef fish fanatic with an academic diploma in biotechnology . like many , he started toying around with the fresh water hobby but quickly grew into a proficient hobbyist in the marine scene . his passion for the natural world sees him travelling to far flung , exotic places , where his secondary love for photography comes in handy . at 23 , lemon is one of the youngest and most prolific fish writers , and is well known for his obsession with the wrasse genus cirrhilabrus .
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marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 107 - 150 m ( ref . 90102 ) . tropical , preferred ?
how it made the top 10 : the publication in which this new species and four others were described heralded a new era in the taxonomy of animal species . it represented the first taxonomic act of 2008 , and the first act registered in the newly launched taxonomic database zoobank . as a result , the original description was the most downloaded article in zootaxa ' s history during its first month , and was among the top ten downloaded articles for 11 months in 2008 . the discovery of the new species also highlights how little we know of deep - reef biodiversity .
type material :
holotype . bpbm 40861 ( 81 . 6 mm sl ) , belau ( palau ) islands ; off ngemelis island ; below and slightly n of blue holes caverns ( 7°8 ' 16 . 49
n , 134°13 ' 18 . 5
e ) : above large rock outcrop , 110 m , hand net , r . l . pyle , 27 april 2007 [ pcmb 3113 ] . paratypes . bmnh 2007 . 10 . 31 . 1 ( 50 . 2 mm sl ) [ pcmb 3103 ] . bpbm 40855 ( 3 ; 37 . 6–98 . 0 mm sl ) [ pcmb 3100 , 3102 ] . cas 225755 ( 64 . 1 mm sl ) [ pcmb 3105 ] . mnhn 2007 . 1922 ( 63 . 7 mm sl ) [ pcmb 3104 ] . usnm 391136 ( 2 ; 44 . 4–90 . 2 mm sl ) [ pcmb 3101 ] . wam p . 32898 - 001 ( 64 . 5 mm sl ) [ pcmb 3106 ] . all from same locality as holotype : sand and rubble slope with scattered rock outcroppings , 107–116 m , quinaldine and hand net , r . l . pyle and b . d . greene , 25 april 2007 .
type locality : off the coast of ngemelis island , belau ( palau ) islands .
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gorgeous c . brevirostris showing its name sake “short snout” . photo by trimma . net .
a small specimen photographed in palau with fellow deepwater fish genicanthus bellus in the background . photo by trimma . net .
a super tiny juvenile photographed in the wild of palau . photograph by trimma . net .
according to its description paper , c . brevirostris ranges from marshall islands southward to fiji , across the caroline islands from puluwat to palau , and south to vanuatu . where they are found , they can be abundant and can be found in numbers ranging from half a dozen to a dozen , as they feed on zooplankton floating in the water columns . their wide range but propensity for very deep waters means that it is very unlikely this species finds itself in the trade by casual collectors . specialised deep divers may collect this species with rebreathers .
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at arizona state university and an international committee of taxonomists – scientists responsible for species exploration and classification – today announce the top 10 new species described in 2008 .
the taxonomists also are issuing an sos – state of observed species – report card on human knowledge of earth ' s species . in it , they report that 18 , 516 species new to science were discovered and described in 2007 . the sos report was compiled by asu ' s international institute for species exploration in partnership with the international commission on zoological nomenclature , international plant names index , zoological record published by thomson reuters , and the
adult ghost slug and it ' s blade - like teeth each about 0 . 5mm long . photos courtesy of ben rowson
how it made the list : this charismatic , introduced species was a surprising find in such a well - collected and densely populated area .
rowson , b . & w . o . c . symondson . 2008 . selenochlamys ysbryda sp . nov . from wales , uk : a testacella - like slug new to western europe ( stylommatophora : trigonochlamydidae ) . journal of conchology 39 ( 5 ) : 537 - 552 .
type material :
holotype ( one adult , dissected ) : uk : wales : glamorgan : cardiff : domestic garden in canton ( st1676 ) , 10 - 15m alt . , leg . p . thomas 28 sep 2007 , det . b . rowson & w . o . c . symondson ( nmw . z . 2008 . 005 . 00001 ; 80 % ethanol ) . s . ysbryda sp . nov . , paratype 1 ( one adult , dissected ) : uk : wales : glamorgan : cardiff : domestic garden in canton ( st1676 ) , 10 - 15m alt . , leg . b . rowson 8 oct 2007 , det . b . rowson & w . o . c . symondson ( nmw . z . 2008 . 005 . 00002 ; 80 % ethanol ) .
[ for additional paratypes see rowson & symondson ( 2008 ) ] .
etymology :
specific epithet ysbryda , from welsh “ysbryd , ” a ghost or spirit , latinized by the addition of a feminine ending ' a ' and to be treated as a noun in apposition . the name alludes to the species’ ghostly appearance , nocturnal , predatory behaviour and the element of mystery surrounding its origin .
this species represents a unique morphological evolution in its manner of shell twisting . most gastropod shells tightly coil according to a logarithmic spiral and have an upper limit of three coiling axes . the shell of
, however , possesses four different coiling axes - the most for any known gastropod . in addition , the whorls detach three times and reattach twice to preceding whorls in a fairly consistent manner , which suggests that the coiling strategy is under some form of strict developmental - gene control .
clements , r . , t . - s . liew , j . j . vermeulen and m . schilthuizen . 2008 . further twists in gastropod shell evolution . biology letters 4 : 179 - 182 .
holotype : zrc . mol . 002824 , gunung rapat ( 4° 33 ' n , 101° 7 ' e ) , perak , peninsular malaysia , held in rmbr . two paratypes : zrc . mol . 002825 and zrc . mol . 002826 , same data as holotype .
etymology : the specific epithet , vermiculum , is derived from latin ,
meaning wormy .
how it made the top 10 : the publication in which this new species and four others were described heralded a new era in the taxonomy of animal species . it represented the first taxonomic act of 2008 , and the first act registered in the newly launched taxonomic database zoobank . as a result , the original description was the most downloaded article in zootaxa ' s history during its first month , and was among the top ten downloaded articles 11 months in 2008 . the discovery of the new species also highlights how little we know of deep - reef biodiversity .
( perciformes : labroidei : pomacentridae ) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western pacific .
selection bias in publication ? minorities , women and republicans are all penalized . but women are improving
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pomacentridae is a family of perciform fish , comprising the damselfishes and clownfishes . they are primarily marine , while a few species inhabit freshwater and brackish environments ( e . g . , neopomacentrus aquadulcis , n . taeniurus , pomacentrus taeniometopon , stegastes otophorus ) . they are noted for their hardy constitutions and territoriality . many are brightly colored , so they are popular in aquaria .
around 385 species are classified in this family , in about 29 genera . of these , members of two genera , amphiprion and premnas ( subfamily amphiprioninae ) , are commonly called clownfish or anemonefish , while members of other genera ( e . g . , pomacentrus ) are commonly called damselfish . the members of this family are classified in four subfamilies : amphiprioninae , chrominae , lepidozyginae , and pomacentrinae .
the name of the family is derived from the greek words ; poma roughly translates to the english
cover
, referring to the fishes ' opercula , and kentron is greek for sting . the name refers to the serrations found along the margins of the opercular bones in many members of this family .
pomacentrids are found primarily in tropical seas , with a few species occurring in temperate waters ( e . g . , hypsypops rubicundus ) . most species are found on or near coral reefs in the indo - west pacific ( from east africa to polynesia ) . the area from the philippines to australia hosts the greatest concentration of species . the remaining species are found in the atlantic or eastern pacific . some species are native to freshwater or brackish estuarine environments .
the bottom - dwelling species are territorial , occupying and defending a portion of the reef , often centered on shelter . by keeping away other species of fish , some pomacentrids encourage the growth of thick mats of algae within their territories , leading to the common name farmerfish .
they display a wide range of colors , predominantly bright shades of yellow , red , orange , and blue , although some are a relatively drab brown , black , or grey . the young are often a different , brighter color than adults .
pomacentrids are omnivorous or herbivorous , feeding on algae , plankton , and small bottom - dwelling crustaceans , depending on their precise habitats . only a small number of genera , such as cheiloprion , eat the coral where they live .
they also engage in symbiotic relationship with cleaner gobies of genus elacatinus , allowing the gobies to feed off of ectoparasites on their body .
before breeding , the males clear an area of algae and invertebrates to create a nest . they engage in ritualised courtship displays , which may consist of rapid bursts of motion , chasing or nipping females , stationary hovering , or wide extension of their fins . after being attracted to the site , the female lays a string of sticky eggs that attach to the substrate . the male swims behind the female as she lays the eggs , and fertilises them externally . varying by species , brood sizes range from 50 to 1000 eggs .


norealidys is a replacement name for preoccupied earthworm genus reynoldsia - non reynoldsia ( diptera : muscidae ) [ nec botanical genus reynoldsia of flowering plant family araliaceae ] - under iczn ( 1999 ) as previously flagged .

the genus is currently monotypic , with norealidys andaluciana as the sole species .

norealidys

) , eiseniona , eophila , ethnodrilus , eumenescolex , fitzingeria , helodrilus , iberoscolex , kritodrilus , microeophila , murchieona , nicodrilus , norealidys , octodriloides , octodrilus , octolasion , orodrilus , perelia , postandrilus , proctodrilus , prosellodrilus , satchellius , scherotheca .
genus allolobophora - - midwestern north america . genus bimastos - - midwestern north america . genus dendrobaena - - midwestern north america . genus eisenia - - midwestern north america . genus eiseniella - - midwestern north america . genus lumbricus - - midwestern north america . genus octolasion - - midwestern north america . genus allolobophoridella genus alpodinaridella genus aporrectodea genus cernosvitovia genus creinella genus dendrodrilus genus dinaridella genus eiseniona genus eisenoides genus enterion genus eophila genus ethnodrilus genus fitzingeria genus healyella genus helodrilus genus incolore genus italobalkaniona genus karpatodinariona genus kritodrilus genus meroandriella genus microeophila genus murchieona genus nicodrilus genus norealidys genus notogama genus octodriloides genus octodrilus genus omilurus genus opothedrilus genus orodrilus genus panoniona genus proctodrilus genus prosellodrilus genus purpureum genus rhodonicus genus satchellius genus scherotheca genus serbiona genus spermophorodrilus genus svetlovia genus tetragonurus genus zicsiona
enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .
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the international commission on zoological nomenclature ( iczn ) acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals . the iczn is responsible for producing the international code of zoological nomenclature - a set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems .
a guide to the new format requirements of articles submitted to the bulletin of zoological nomenclature is available . interested parties may access it by clicking on the tab “submitting to the bzn” in the top navigation bar .
the position of iczn secretary has been filled by dr . gwynne lim . she started in february 2018 .
to continue to serve the taxonomic community and to work for the stability of names in zoology , the international commission on zoological nomenclature is seeking a motivated individual with the relevant expertise and skills to fill the position of its executive secretary .
details of the vacancy may be found at the following link : . . .
from 3 january 2017 , the bulletin of zoological nomenclature will be distributed by bioone . read the announcement on the bioone website .
iczn is supported by the lee kong chian natural history museum , national university of singapore ( company registration no . 200604346e ) . iczn is an associate participant to the global biodiversity information facility ( gbif ) & a scientific member of the international union of biological science ( iubs ) . correspondence to the iczn should be directed to the secretary ( iczn @ urltoken / + 65 6518 8364 ) .
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) , diachaeta , diaguita , drilocrius , enantiodrilus , eudevoscolex , fimoscolex , glyphidrilocrius , glyphidrilus , holoscolex , homogaster , inkadrilus , kynotus , martiodrilus , meroscolex , microchaetus , onychochaeta , opisthodrilus , periscolex , pontoscolex , quimbaya , rhinodrilus , sparanophilus , thamnodrilus , tritogenia .
: acanthodrilus , decachaetus , deinodrilus , dinodriloides , diplotrema , eudinodriloides , hoplochaetina , leucodrilus , maoridrilus , microscolex , neochaeta , neodrilus , octochaetus , perieodrilus , plagiochaeta , rhododrilus , sylvodrilus .
) amynthas , celeriella , graliophilus , notoscolex , perionychella , perionyx , pheretima .
: tubifex , adelodrilus , antipodrilus , arctodrilus , aulodrilus , bathydrilus , bothrioneuron , bothrioneurum , branchiura , breviatria , clitellio , epirodrilus , haber , heterochaeta , heterodrilus , ilyodrilus , inanidrilus , isochaeta , isochaetides , jolydrilus , limnodriloides , macquaridrilus , marcusaedrilus , monopylephorus , olavius , paranadrilus , peloscolex , peosidrilus , phallodrilus , pontodrilus , potamothrix , psammoryctides , quistradrilus , rhizodrilus , rhyacodrilis , rhyacodrilus , siolidrilus , smithsonidrilus , smithsonidrilus , spiridion , spirosperma , tectidrilus , telmatodrilus , teneridrilus , thalassodrilus , trasserkidrilus , tubificoides , uniporodrilus , varichaetadrilus .
: nais , allonais , amphichaeta , arcteonais , branchiodrilus , bratislavia , chaetogaster , dero , haemonais , homochaeta , naidium , neonais , ophidonais , paranais , piguetiella , pristina , pristinella , ripistes , slavina , specaria , stephensoniana , stylaria , uncinais , vejdovskyella , wapsa .
: achaeta , analycus , aspidodrilus , bryodrilus , bryohenlea , buchholzia , cernosvitoviella , chirodrilus , cognettia , distichopus , enchylea , enchytraeus , enchytronia , fridericia , grania , guaranidrilus , hemienchytraeus , hemifridericia , henlea , lumbricillus , marionina , mesenchytraeus , pelmatodrilus , propappus , stephensoniella .
haplotaxidae : haplotaxis ( h . gordioides ) , alphadrilus , hologynus , pelodrilus .
lumbriculidae : lumbriculus , bichaeta , eclipidrilus , guestphalinus , hrabea , kincaidiana , lamprodrilus , rhynchelmis , spelaedrilus , stylodrilus , styloscolex , tatriella , trichodrilus .
; des cirres et des branchies existent fréquemment sur les segments du corps . les sexes sont le plus souvent séparés .
le plus souvent exsertile et formant une trompe plus ou moins développée et armée .
) : phytophages , tubicoles ( le tube souvent fixé ) . prostome parfois très petit , parfois développé en expansions de formes diverses ( branchies céphaliques ) , corps généralement divisé en deux ou plusieurs régions bien distinctes , parapodes peu saillants ; pharynx court , jamais armé de dents .
familles principales : capitellidae , telethusidae , opheliadae , chlorhaemidae , chaetopteridae , terebellidae , serpulidae , etc .
ajoutons qu ' on rangera ici , avec les polychètes , le groupe de pogonophores , que les classifications actuelles tendent à considérer comme une classe distincte .
: polynoe , alentia , alentiana , allmaniella , andresia , antinoana , antinoe , antinoella , arcteobia , arctonoe , arctonoella , australaugeneria , austrolaenilla , barrukia , bathyadmetella , bathymoorea , bathyvitiazia , benhamipolynoe , bouchiria , bylgides , cervilia , chaetacanthus , dilepidonotus , disconatis , drieschella , drieschia , enipo , eucranta , eulagisca , eunoe , euphione , euphionella , frennia , gastrolepidia , gattyana , gorekia , grubeopolynoe , halosydna , halosydnella , halosydnopsis , harmothoe , hartmania , hemilepidia , herdmanella , hermadion , hermenia , hesperonoe , heteropolynoe , hololepida , hololepidella , hyperhalosydna , intoshella , iphione , kermadecella , lagisca , lepidasthenia , lepidastheniella , lepidofimbra , lepidogyra , lepidonotus , leucia , lucopia , macellicephala , macellicephaloides , macelloides , malmgrenia , malmgreniella , melaenis , nemidia , neohololepidella , paradyte , parahalosydna , parahololepidella , paralepidonotus , perolepis , phyllohartmania , phyllosheila , podarmus , polyeunoa , polyeunoa , polynoella , pottsiscalisetosus , pseudohalosydna , pseudopolynoe , robertianella , scalisetosus , sheila , subadyte , telolepidasthenia , tenonia , thormora , tottonpolynoe , uncopolynoe , weberia .
: syllis , amblyosyllis , antonbruunia , autolytus , branchiosyllis , brania , braniella , calamyzas , campesyllis , clavisyllis , dentatisyllis , dioplosyllis , ehlersia , eurysyllis , eusyllis , exogone , exogonella , fauvelia , haplosyllis , langerhansia , myrianida , nudisyllis , odontosyllis , opisthodonta , opisthosyllis , parapionosyllis , parasphaerosyllis , petitia , pionosyllis , plakosyllis , proceraea , procerastea , sphaerosyllis , streptosyllis , syllides , trypanosyllis , typosyllis , xenosyllis .
: dorvillea , apophryotrocha , arenotrocha , dinophilus , diurodrilus , exallopus , iphitime , meiodorvillea , microdorvillea , ophryotrocha , ougia , parapodrilus , parophryotrocha , parougia , petrocha , pettiboneia , protodorvillea , pusillotrocha , schistomeringos , trilobodrilus .
: hesione , amphiduros , dalhousiella , gyptis , hesiocaeca , hesionella , hesionides , hesiospina , heteropodarke , kefersteinia , leocrates , microphthalmus , micropodarke , neopodarke , nereimyra , ophiodromus , orseis , parahesione , parasyllidea , podarke , podarkeopsis , syllidia .
) , ceratocephale , ceratonereis , cheilonereis , dawbinia , eunereis , gymnonereis , hediste , kinberginereis , laeonereis , lycastoides , lycastopsis , micronereides , namalycastis , namanereis , neanthes , nicon , perinereis , platynereis , pseudonereis , rullierinereis , steninonereis , websterinereis .
: nerillidium , meganerilla , mesonerilla , nerilla , nerillidopsis , paranerilla , psammoriedlia , thalassochaetus , troglochaetus .
: amphinome , chloeia , eurythoe , hermodice , hipponoa , linopherus , notopygos , paramphinome , pareurythoe , pherecardia .
: lumbrinerides , abyssoninoe , aotearia , cenogenus , kuwaita , lumbricalus , lumbrineriopsis , lumbrineris , lysarete , ninoe , ophiuricola .
groupe archaïque formé de types parasites des crinoïdes et ayant laissé des traces à l ' état fossile dans les terrains primaires .
: oenone , arabella , biborin , drilognathus , drilonereis , haematocleptes , halla , labrorostratus , notocirrus , notopsilus , oligognathus , tainokia .
: onuphis , americonuphis , anchinothria , australonuphis , brevibrachium , diopatra , epidiopatra , hartmanonuphis , hyalinoecia , kinbergonuphis , mooreonuphis , nothria , notonuphis , paradiopatra , paranorthia , paronuphis , rhamphobrachium , sarsonuphis .
: phyllodoce , anaitides , austrophyllum , chaetoparia , cirrodoce , eteone , eulalia , eumida , genetyllis , hesionura , hesperophyllum , lugia , mysta , mystides , nereiphylla , notophyllum , paranaitis , protomystides , pseudeulalia , pseudomystides , pterocirrus , sige , steggoa .
: pilargis , ancistargis , ancistrosyllis , cabira , litocorsa , loandalia , otopsis , parandalia , sigambra , synelmis .
: sigalion , ehlersileanira , eupholoe , euthalanessa , fimbriosthenelais , horstileanira , labiosthenolepis , leanira , neoleanira , pareupholoe , pelogenia , psammolyce , sthenelais , sthenelanella , sthenolepis , thalenessa .
: sphaerodoridium , clavodorum , commensodorum , ephesiella , ephesiopsis , levidorum , sphaerephesia , sphaerodoropsis , sphaerodorum .
: aphrodita , aphrogenia , hermionopsis , heteraphrodita , laetmonice , pontogenia , tricertia .
: eunice , euniphysa , lysidice , marphysa , nematonereis , palola , paramarphysa .
: ampharete , alkmaria , amage , amelinna , ampharana , amphicteis , amphisamytha , amythas , amythasides , amythasides , anobothrus , asabellides , auchenoplax , ecamphicteis , eclysippe , egamella , eusamytha , eusamythella , glyphanostomum , grubianella , hypania , irana , isolda , jugamphicteis , lysippe , lysippides , melinantipoda , melinna , melinnampharete , melinnata , melinnexis , melinnoides , melinnopsides , melinnopsis , mexamage , moyanus , mugga , muggoides , neopaiwa , neosabellides , neosamytha , oeorpata , pabits , paiwa , paramage , paramphicteis , parhypania , phyllampharete , phyllamphicteis , phyllocomus , pseudoamphicteis , pterampharete , pterolysippe , sabellides , samytha , samythella , samythopsis , schistocomus , sosane , sosanella , sosanides , sosanopsis , weddellia .
: cirratulus , aphelochaeta , caulleriella , chaetozone , cirriformia , dodecaceria , protocirrineris , raricirrus , tharyx , timarete .
: flabelligera , brada , bradabyssa , buskiella , coppingeria , diplocirrus , flabelliderma , ilyphagus , pantoithrix , pherusa , piromis , therochaeta , therochaetella , trophoniella .
: sabellaria , gunnarea , idanthyrsus , lygdamis , monorchos , neosabellaria , paraidanthyrsus , phalacrostemma , phragmatopoma .
) , amphiglena , augeneriella , bispira , branchiomma , chone , demonax , desdemona , dialychone , distylidia , euchone , eudistylia , euratella , fabricia , fabriciola , fabrisabella , hypsicomus , jasmineira , laonome , manayunkia , megalomma , myxicola , oriopsis , potamethus , potamilla , pseudobranchiomma , sabellastarte , schizobranchia , spirographis .
) : serpula , amplaria , amplicaria , anomalorbis , apomatus , bushiella , capeospira , chitinopoma , circeis , crucigera , dexiospira , dextralia , ditrupa , eulaeospira , ficopomatus , filograna , filogranella , filogranula , galeolaria , hyalopomatus , hydroides , janua , josephella , leodora , metalaeospira , metavermilia , neodexiospira , neovermilia , nidificaria , paradexiospira , paralaeospira , pileolaria , placostegus , pomatoceros , pomatoleios , pomatostegus , protolaeospira , protula , pseudochitinopoma , pseudovermilia , romanchella , salmacina , semivermilia , simplaria , simplicaria , spirobranchus , spirorbis , vermilia , vermiliopsis , vinearia .
: spio , amphipolydora , anaspio , aonides , apoprionospio , aquilaspio , aurospira , australospio , boccardia , boccardiella , carazziella , dipolydora , dispio , laonice , malacoceros , marenzelleria , mesospio , microspio , minuspio , morants , paraprionospio , polybranchia , polydora , polydorella , prionospio , pseudomalacoceros , pseudopolydora , pygospio , rhynchospio , scolecolepides , scolelepis , spiophanes , streblospio , tripolydora .
: terebella , amaeana , amphitrite , amphitritides , artacama , artacamella , axionice , betapista , colymmatops , enoplobranchus , enoplobranchus , eupolymnia , euthelepus , hauchiella , lanassa , lanice , laphania , leaena , loimia , lysilla , melinella , naneva , neoamphitrite , neoleprea , nicolea , parathelepus , pista , polycirrus , proclea , pseudopista , scionella , spinosphaera , streblosoma , stschapovella , telothelepus , terebellanice , terebellobranchia , thelepides , thelepus .
: capitella , amastigos , anotomastus , barantolla , capitellethus , capitellides , capitomastus , dasybranchethus , dasybranchus , decamastus , dodecaseta , eunotomastus , heteromastus , leiocapitella , leiochrides , leiochrus , mastobranchus , mediomastus , neoheteromastus , neomediomastus , notomastus , parheteromastus , peresiella , pseudocapitella , pseudoleiocapitella , pulliella , scyphoproctus .
: maldane , asychis , axiothella , boguea , branchioasychis , clymaldane , clymenella , clymenopsis , clymenura , euclymene , gravierella , heteroclymene , isocirrus , johnstonia , lumbriclymene , macroclymene , macroclymenella , maldanella , microclymene , micromaldane , nicomache , notoproctus , petaloproctus , praxillella , praxillura , proclymene , rhodine .
: ophelia , ammotrypanella , antiobactrum , armandia , euzonus , kesun , ophelina , polyophthalmus , tachytrypane , thoracophelia , travisia .
: orbinia , berkeleya , califia , haploscoloplos , leitoscoloplos , microrbinia , naineris , orbiniella , phylo , proscoloplos , protoaricia , protoariciella , schroederella , scoloplella , scoloplos .
: paradoneis , acmira , aedicira , allia , aparaonis , aricidea , cirrophorus , levinsenia , paraonella , paradoneis , paraonides , paraonides .
: scalibregma , asclerocheilus , hyboscolex , kebuita , oligobregma , parasclerocheilus , polyphysia , pseudoscalibregma , sclerobregma , sclerocheilus .
: choanophorus , cyclobrachia , diplobrachia , galathealinum , heptabrachia , polybrachia , zenkevitchiana .
the family lumbricidae has been reported ( or is assumed ) to occur in fresh waters . this taxon has been reported from midwestern states of north america .
lumbricidae , [ palearctic , nearctic , afrotropical ; 29 species in 9 genera worldwide , 4 nearctic species in 4 genera ] ( martin et al . , 2008 ) .
martin , p . , e . martinez - ansemil , a . pinder , t . timm & m . j . wetzel . 2008 . global diversity of oligochaetous clitellates ( ”oligochaeta” ; clitellata ) in freshwater . hydrobiologia 595 : 117 - 127 . [ available online ]
smith , d . g . 2001 . annelida ( polychaetes , aeolosomatidae , aquatic oligochaetes , branchiobdellida , leeches ) . pennak ' s freshwater invertebrates of the united states , 4th edition : 269 - 325 .
goodnight , c . j . 1959 . oligochaeta . [ in ] w . t . edmondson ( ed . ) . ward & whipple fresh - water biology , 2nd edition : 522 - 537 .
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which includes most of the earthworm species well - known to europeans . about 33 lumbricid species have become naturalized around the world ,
but the bulk of the species are in the holarctic region : from canada ( e . g .
. ynu , coe chapter 10 : a list of valid , invalid and synonymous names of criodriloidea and lumbricoidea ( annelida : oligochaeta : criodrilidae , sparganophilidae , ailoscolecidae , hormogastridae , lumbricidae , lutodrilidae ) . 2007
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the white-fronted quail-dove ( geotrygon leucometopia ) is a species of bird in the family columbidae .

it is found in the island of hispaniola .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical swamps , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and plantations .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

it was formally considered a subspecies of the grey-headed quail-dove , and some taxonomists still consider the relationship unchanged .

white - fronted quail - dove

nobody uploaded sound recordings for white - fronted quail - dove ( geotrygon leucometopia ) yet .
other synonyms catalan : colom - guatlla frontblanc danish : hispaniolavagteldue german : weißgesichttaube , weißstirn - gundlachtaube english : hispaniolan quail - dove , white - fronted quail dove , white - fronted quail - dove spanish : paloma perdiz dominicana , paloma - perdiz coquito blanco , perdiz coquito blanco , perdíz coquito blanco spanish ( cuba ) : paloma perdiz coquito blanco spanish ( dominican rep . ) : perdiz coquito blanco , perdíz coquito blanco spanish ( spain ) : paloma perdiz dominicana estonian : haiti töbituvi finnish : hispaniolanviiriäiskyyhky french : colombe d’hispaniola , colombe d ' hispaniola , perdrix à front blanc french ( haiti ) : perdrix à front blanc haitian creole french : pèdri fron blanch italian : tortora quaglia frontebianca japanese : shirobitaiuzurabato japanese : シロビタイウズラバト latin : geotrygon caniceps leucometopia , geotrygon caniceps leucometopius , geotrygon leucometopia , geotrygon leucometopius , oreopeleia caniceps leucometopia , oreopeleia caniceps leucometopius , oreopeleia leucometopius dutch : witvoorhoofdkwartelduif norwegian : krittpannevakteldue polish : błyskotek białoczelny russian : белолобая земляная горлица slovak : holubec haitský swedish : hispaniolavaktelduva chinese : 白额鹑鸠 chinese ( traditional ) : 白額鶉鳩
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . , kirwan , g . m . & garcia , e . f . j . ( 2018 ) . white - fronted quail - dove ( geotrygon leucometopia ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
28 cm . greyish dove with distinctive purplish sheen on back . purplish mantle often extending onto breast sides , blue rump , black tail , brown wings with rufous fringes to primaries . bold white forehead on darkish grey head . underparts greyish with warm ochraceous undertail .
28 cm ; 171 g . crown , nape and head - sides slate - grey , with striking white forecrown , neck - sides suffused reddish purple or violet , this colour sometimes extending onto and . . .
like most of congeners , formerly placed in genus oreopeleia . formerly treated as conspecific with g . caniceps , but now normally split # r , based on present species having bold white vs greyish - white forehead ( 3 ) ; dull darkish grey vs mid - grey rest of crown and head - sides ( 1 ) ; glossy purple of mantle extending much further onto the breast - sides in most specimens ( variable character ; 1 ) ; rather richer rufous in wings ( ns [ 1 ] ) ; song described as different # r —”a prolonged coo - o - o ’ in place of ‘a continuous , low uup - uup - uup - uup without pauses” ( this latter confirmed by a single recording ) ( 2 ) ; shorter tail in male # r , effect size 1 . 18 ( 1 ) . probably also close to g . versicolor , with which shares chestnut underwing and lack of black head markings . monotypic .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
prefers moist areas with leaf - litter . singly or in pairs , calls from perch rather than forest floor .
endangered b1ab ( ii , iii , v ) ; c2a ( ii ) ver 3 . 1
benstead , p . , capper , d . , mahood , s . , sharpe , c j , wege , d . , martin , r , taylor , j . , symes , a . & wheatley , h .
this newly - split species is classified as endangered because it has a single , very small population which has suffered a rapid and continuing decline , owing to on - going habitat loss , hunting pressure and the effects of introduced predators , and it occupies a very small range in which suitable habitat is declining in area and quality , and may be severely fragmented .
, but is still only known from eleven localities there and in the cordillera central ; it is thought to have been extirpated from the sierra de neiba ( s . latta
the population is estimated to number fewer than 2 , 500 individuals based on an assessment of known records , descriptions of abundance and range size . this is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size , and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated extent of occurrence is likely to be occupied . it is placed in the band 1 , 000 - 2 , 499 individuals , which equates to 667 - 1 , 666 mature individuals , rounded here to 600 - 1 , 700 mature individuals . trend justification : although there are no new data on this species , it is suspected to be in rapid decline , owing to habitat loss and hunting pressure .
2001 ) . habitat loss in the sierra de baoruco has accelerated owing largely to commercial - scale farm operations ( s . c . latta
hunting of the species in the dominican republic was prohibited in 1978 . montane forest is poorly represented in the dominican republic ' s protected - areas system , but the wildlife service has recently proposed 15 new areas , including six in montane forest ( schubert 1993 , stattersfield
survey to clarify the species ' s current status and determine the protected areas within which it occurs . control dry season burning and draining . enforce laws concerning hunting of the species . formally designate the proposed reserves in the dominican republic . devise and implement management plans for protected areas . enforce protection of protected areas .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
what do ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) mean ? learn more about the scoring system .
dominican republic ( cordillera central , sierra de baoruco and sierra de neiba , but may have been extirpated from the last ) . probable historical records in haiti ( morne la selle ) .
song comprises long series of short , low - pitched “haoo” or “cooo” notes , given either very rapidly . . .
inhabits montane and lower subtropical forests and coffee plantations , apparently to at least 1800 . . .
nest of twigs and leaves , lined with rootlets and / or grasses , placed low in undergrowth or vine tangle . clutch 1–2 ( reportedly sometimes . . .
endangered . population estimated at no more than 2500 individuals . it has a single , very small population which has suffered a rapid and continuing decline , owing to ongoing . . .
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in past , present genus was restricted to g . versicolor , the type species , with osculatia applied to purpurata / saphirina , and all other species of group ( herein leptotrygon , zentrygon ) placed in oreopeleia # r # r . subsequently all were normally lumped into geotrygon # r # r , but recent genetic work has demonstrated that this arrangement is polyphyletic , recommending the arrangement adopted herein # r .
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recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : geotrygon leucometopia . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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1997 ) , but is still only known from eleven localities there and in the cordillera central ; it is thought to have been extirpated from the sierra de neiba ( s . latta
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