the scaly-throated leaftosser ( sclerurus guatemalensis ) is a species of bird in the family furnariidae .

it is found in belize , colombia , costa rica , ecuador , guatemala , honduras , mexico , nicaragua , and panama .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .

scaly - throated leaftosser

scaly - throated leaftosser ( sclerurus guatemalensis ) is a species of bird in the furnariidae family .
the scaly - throated leaftosser has dark brown upperparts , belly ; tawny breast ; whitish throat .
scaly - throated leaftosser is similar to the congeneric tawny - throated leaftosser ( sclerurus mexicanus ) . these two species are broadly sympatric , but tawny - throated leaftosser occurs at higher elevations ; has a slightly longer and slightly decurved bill ; and has a tawny rufous throat , breast , and rump , and lacks the whitish mottling on the throat of scaly - throated .
birdlife international . 2014 . species factsheet : scaly - throated leaftosser sclerurus guatemalensis . downloaded from birdlife international on 12 february 2014 .
walters , r . 1995 . notes on the eggs of the scaly - throated leaftosser , sclerurus guatemalensis . ornitología neotropical 6 : 53 .
scaly - throated leaftosser is dependent on threatened tropical evergreen forest habitats . the primary threats to this species are logging of mature forests , and habitat conversion for agriculture and livestock production .
sexes are identical , and it is unknown whether any differences between sy and asy birds can be seen on perched scaly - throated leaftossers .
the tawny - throated leaftosser has chestnut - brown plumage ; rufous tinge to head , breast , rump ; dark eyes ; blackish feet .
the black - tailed leaftosser had dark brown upperparts , head ; chestnut - brown rump ; black tail ; scaly white - brown throat ; dark brown underparts .
the grey - throated leaftosser ( sclerurus albigularis propiquus ) inhabits neotropical forests where as its name implies tosses leaves on the forest floor to reveal arthropods which it feeds on .
a leaftosser of lowland rainforest , found from southern mexico to western ecuador . ( s8 )
the short - billed leaftosser has mainly dark brown plumage ; buffy - ochre throat ; rufous breast .
several specialty birds of the subtropical zone are regularly seen in the reserve . these include orange - fronted barbet , slaty spinetail , scaly - throated leaftosser , club - winged manakin , ecuadorian thrush , and black - winged saltator . other commonly seen birds on the property are bronze - winged parrot , red - headed barbet , pale - mandibled aracari , ornate flycatcher , black - lored yellowthroat , yellow - throated chlorospingus , and bay - headed tanager .
remsen , j . v . , jr ( 2018 ) . scaly - throated leaftosser ( sclerurus guatemalensis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the most widespread leaftosser , but it ' s not really common anywhere . it has a more curved bill than other leaftossers . ( s6 )
leaftossers ( sclerurus ) are short tailed , terrestrial furnariids with a long , thin bill , relatively short tarsi , and a short , dark , rounded tail . the shafts of the rectrices also are stiff , with sharp tips . the plumage of leaftossers is drab , with little pattern . the upperparts of scaly - throated leaftosser are a rich , dark brown . the underparts also are primarily dark brown , but the chin and throat scaled or checkered with whitish marks .
16–18 cm ; 29–38 g . scaly pattern on throat more conspicuous than in congeners . has dark brownish face , some rufescent flammulations on auriculars ; malar area and . . .
the rectrices appear broad and rounded , which for many species is an indication of an asy bird , but no conclusions can be made regarding this bird without knowing more about the timing and extent of moult in scaly - throated leaftossers , or comparing with a known hy / sy bird to examine the shape and condition of its rectrices .
although scaly - throated leaftosser is relatively widespread , many aspects of its natural history still are poorly known . there is very little information available on its habitat use , diet , and territoriality , or on such demographic topics as age at first breeding , life span and survivorship , dispersal , home range size , or population regulation . additional information about its response to various human activities that affect its habitat , especially its response to logging and use of secondary habitats , and better data on population status will be valuable in informing conservation planning and actions .
leaftosser is a wonderfully descriptive name for a rather drab odd looking species in the furnariidae ( ovenbirds ) family . brazil ' s subspecies : sclerurus albigularis albicollis , total of 6 subspecies .
plantation trail is a prime birding route within soberania national park . this dirt road provides good access to both forest and forest - fringe birds typical of lowland forest . the walking is easy and flat , but it can be quite hot . for the most part , the forest is clear of underbrush along the road , making it a good area for seeing antbirds , leaftossers , and rarely , tinamous . possibilities include buff - throated foliage - gleaner , scaly - throated leaftosser , jet antbird , ocellated antbird , black - faced antthrush . we have sometimes found rosy thrush - tanager lurking in the understory . plantation trail is often a good place to look for hawks soaring overhead . one should keep an eye out for king vulture , gray - headed kite , white hawk , and the more rare zone - tailed hawk .
one of my better leaftosser shots - the f / 2 . 8 lens helped a lot . this species lives in foothill rainforest in parts of central america and the northern half of south america . ( s7 )
remsen , j . v . , jr ( 2018 ) . grey - throated leaftosser ( sclerurus albigularis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
trogonidae trogon violaceus - - violaceous trogon t . collaris - - collared trogon t . rufus - - black - throated trogon t . massena - - slaty - tailed trogon t . clathratus - - lattice - tailed trogon
rallidae laterallus albigularis - - white - throated crake l . exilis - - gray - breasted crake aramides cajanea - - gray - necked wood - rail amaurolimnas concolor - - uniform crake porphyrula martinica - - purple gallinule gallinula chloropus - - common moorhen heliornithidae heliornis fulica - - sungrebe eurypygidae eurypyga helias - - sunbittern aramidae aramus guarauna - - limpkin
psittacidae aratinga finschi - - crimson - fronted parakeet a . nana - - olive - throated parakeet ara ambigua - - great green macaw brotogeris jugularis - - orange - chinned parakeet pionopsitta haematotis - - brown - hooded parrot pionus senilis - - white - crowned parrot amazona autumnalis - - red - lored parrot a . farinosa - - mealy parrot
finally we head north to lamanai outpost lodge , on the banks of the new river lagoon . this is another gem with impressive ruins , beautiful waterways , and pristine savanna . black howler and central american spider monkeys , morelet ' s crocodile , white - lined , long - nosed , and greater fishing bats , and many birds are possible here . in the forest we ' ll look for chestnut - colored woodpecker , yellow - billed ca cique , northern bentbill , golden and blue - winged warblers , keel - billed toucan , red - throated ant - tanager , and many wintering migrants . in the savanna , amidst the palmetto palms , caribbean pine , calabash , and craboo trees , we sometimes find yucatan jay , yellow - headed parrot , aplomado falcon , plain - breasted ground - dove , botteri ' s sparrow , rufous - browed peppershrike , and more . with luck we may find an ant swarm attended by ruddy , tawny - winged and northern barred woodcreepers , gray - headed tanager , and red - throated and red - crowned ant - tanagers .
leaftossers are usually a huge pain to photograph , as they inhabit the deepest , darkest forests and like to stay hidden . there are occasional exceptions ; i took some liberties with the taxonomic order to make sure this photo came first . this particular leaftosser , didn ' t seem to mind sitting totally out in the open and posing for a photo . this is a distinctive subspecies , likely to be elevated to full species status some day . it lacks the throat streaking of the nominate race , is brighter rufous overall , and has a somewhat different song . ( d3 )
ardeidae ixobrychus exilis - - least bittern tigrisoma lineatum - - rufescent tiger - heron t . fasciatum - - fasciated tiger - heron t . mexicanum - - bare - throated tiger - heron ardea herodias - - great blue heron casmerodius albus - - great egret egretta thula - - snowy egret egretta caerulea - - little blue heron egretta tricolor - - tricolored heron bubulcus ibis - - cattle egret butorides striatus - - green - backed heron agamia agami - - agami heron nycticorax nycticorax - - black - crowned night - heron nycticorax violaceus - - yellow - crowned night - heron cochlearius cochlearius - - boat - billed heron threskiornithidae mesembrinibis cayennensis - - green ibis ajaia ajaja - - roseate spoonbill ciconiidae mycteria americana wood stork
adult : sexes similar . crown and nape are dark brown with slightly darker feather margins , appearing faintly scalloped ; forecrown paler . lores grayish brown to dusky ; sides of head dull dusky brown . some individuals have a narrow , pale supercilium ( howell and webb 1995 ) . back , scapulars , wing coverts dark brown ; rump and uppertail coverts a slightly more reddish brown . rectrices dark brown ( darker than upperparts ) , distally blackish brown ; shafts of rectrices stiff and firm for their entire length . remiges and tips of the primary coverts dusky . chin and throat whitish , these feathers with faint dark lower margins , resulting in a scaly or checkered appearance . sides of neck and upper breast tawny brown , the feathers broadly margined with dusky . breast dull reddish brown with short , narrow rufous shaft streaks .
sister to s . caudacutus . substantial individual variation in characters used to define races ; all noted differences might be due to combination of clinal and individual variation , making recognition of races inappropriate ; ennosiphyllus intergrades with salvini in atrato valley ( colombia ) . three subspecies currently recognized .
( hartlaub , 1844 ) – s mexico ( from veracruz ) s to c panama ( colón ) .
salvadori & festa , 1899 – e panama ( panamá province to darién ) , nw colombia ( n chocó ) and w ecuador ( esmeraldas s to sw manabí and w guayas , formerly to n guayas ) .
song a fast series of 10–15 sharp , clear , whistled notes , “pwik wik - wík - w . . .
tropical lowland evergreen forest with sparse undergrowth ; locally tall second growth , locally also . . .
invertebrates . forages singly , occasionally in pairs . terrestrial ; hops on ground , tail tips often pressed to substrate ; does not walk . . . .
eggs in apr in honduras and may and oct–dec in costa rica ; nestlings in jan , mar and jun in costa rica and mar in panama . monogamous . . .
not globally threatened . uncommon to rare throughout range . population in ecuador recently listed as vulnerable , main threat being forest destruction and fragmentation caused . . .
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genetic data # r # r support earlier findings that sclerurus and geositta are sisters , and are basal to all other furnariid genera ; in recent years , sometimes treated as a separate family .
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) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
this individual often roosts around our house . gives typical call when arriving . these calls after playback . bird flew from perch to perch in thick forest , around eye level .
call in response to playback of xc108579 ; while calling the bird was perched at close range on a branch just off the ground , and then hopped down onto the ground and began giving the quieter , more song - like calls .
song in response to playback of xc108578 . while singing the bird was perched out of sight not far off the ground in a dense tangle in the understory of dense foothill forest . the cut gets better ( more on target ) towards the end of the cut .
calls from a bird that flushed in front of me and perched on a low branch in dense foothill forest .
humid forest . reference : jn1 . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
first song natural , rest after playback . collected ( mecn ) . humid forest patch . reference : liia 25 - 26 , - 34 ( sclgua2 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) . filtered version on moore et al . ( 2013 ) urltoken
filters added to recording to rid of enviroment noise . did rise the volume / gain to improve the quality . single bird foraging silently , accompanying some antbirds . i played song 2 times as i wanted to lured a bit closer to get documentation ( photos and audio ) bird did attended to the song but soon lost interest and left , it only called and then lost the bird , we decided to leave it alone . carara np , universal trail .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size may be moderately small to large , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : sclerurus guatemalensis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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the wing below appears uniform in colour and condition , which in many species would suggest that the bird is asy , but not enough is known about the timing and extent of moult in this species to come to that conclusion .
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earthcreepers , horneros . note : woodcreepers have now been merged with the furnariidae , but i prefer to keep them in a separate gallery .
there is a lot of racial variation in this species , and it seems likely more than one species is involved . this is the nominat race , occuring in the lowlands of se south america . it is more heavily marked below than any other race . ( s6 )
the long , thin , decurved bill sets this bird apart from all other miners . it occurs in grassy areas of the high andes from ecuador to northern argentina and northern chile . ( s6 )
breeds only in the exteme southern part of south america , dispersing farther north during the winter . ( s5 )
a common bird of the altiplano from southern peru to northern chile & argentina . ( s6 )
a locally common bird on dry , rocky slopes . it ' s found in the andes of bolivia , argentina , and chile , as well as the sierra de córdoba in central argentina . ( s5 )
this species seems to be restricted to recently - burned grasslands . it occurs very locally in sc brazil and ne bolivia . ( d3 )
a unique furnariid restricted to chile and argentina . it is very nuthatch - like , both in appearance and behavior . ( s8 )
not a particularly well - named bird - most earthcreepers like to run around on the rocks , and this particular one is clearly perched in a tree ! this species occurs in the high andes of bolivia to northern chile and argentina . ( s5 )
earthcreepers are very distinctive , terrestrial birds of the southern south america . one species reaches as far north in the andes as northern peru . this species inhabits dry , rocky slopes from southern peru south to central argentina . ( s8
, but has since been lumped due to it ' s clear similarities with the earthcreepers . ( s5 )
a common cloudforest bird found throughout much of the andes as well as the coastal range of venezuela . ( s8 )
endemic to brazil , with one race in the east , the other in the amazon . very similar to pale - legged hornero
the most widespread hornero in northern south america , though it ' s likely to be split two or three ways . compare this amazonian subspecies to the one in the next photo . ( s8 )
the most widespread hornero in northern south america , though some of the isolated subspecies , such as this one , may be split in the future . ( s6 )
one of the shyest of all the horneros . it is found exclusively on river islands of the amazon and major tributaries . ( d3 )
hornero nests are instantly recognizable and a familiar sight in open areas throughout much of south america . hornero literally means
oven - builder
in spanish . ( d3 )
one of the smallest of the horneros , but that crest makes it super - distinctive . it is endemic to chaco region . ( s5 )
nightingale wren ( microcerculus philomela ) is much smaller , has a very short tail , and has very different behavior , walking on the ground and bobbing the body persistently .
the following description refers to nominate guatemalensis , and is based on wetmore ( 1972 ) ; see also ridgway ( 1911 ) . see also geographic variation :
nestlings : newly hatched chicks have pink skin and sparse gray down . at 5 days the first pin feathers sprout , and at 7 days eyes open and feathers begin to unsheath . at 11 days they are fairly covered with dark brown feathers ( skutch 1969 ) .
juvenile : similar to adult but plumage darker throughout , especially on the throat , which is rufescent with poorly defined buffy shaft streaks , and breast sometimes tinged ochraceous ( skutch 1969 ) .
bill : maxilla black to dark gray ; mandible usually bicolored with dark gray to blackish tip , and pinkish , grayish horn or yellowish at base . the inside of the mouth of nestlings is flesh colored , and the rictal tissue is pale yellow .
wing length : mean 90 . 45 mm ( range 84 - 97 mm , n = 42 ; vaurie 1980 )
tail length : mean 59 . 37 mm ( range 54 - 68 mm , n = 35 ; vaurie 1980 )
bill length : mean 25 . 26 mm ( range 24 - 28 mm , n = 42 ; vaurie 1980 )
tarsus length : mean 22 . 3 mm ( range 21 . 6 - 22 . 9 mm , n = 10 ; wetmore 1972 )
wing length : mean 89 . 11 mm ( range 85 - 92 mm , n = 27 ; vaurie 1980 )
tail length : mean 57 . 79 mm ( range 54 - 66 mm , n = 24 ; vaurie 1980 )
bill length : mean 25 . 20 mm ( range 24 . 5 - 26 . 5 mm , n = 24 ; vaurie 1980 )
tarsus length : mean 22 . 6 mm ( range 22 . 0 - 23 . 3 mm , n = 10 ; wetmore 1972 )
mass : mean 34 . 7 g ± 3 . 3 g ( n = 25 ; karr et al . 1978 )
this article is part of project aves , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each bird , including made - up species .
this article is part of project passeriformes , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each passerine , including made - up species .
this article is part of project furnariidae , a all birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each furnariid ( or ovenbird ) , including made - up species .
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ridgway , 1889 – foothills of costa rica and w panama ( w chiriquí ) .
p . l . sclater & salvin , 1869 – sierra de perijá , also s in e andes of colombia ( e slope s to e cauca , also macarena mts ) and locally in foothills of w & n venezuela ( andes , coastal range e to sucre on paria peninsula ) ; also trinidad and tobago .
chapman , 1923 – foothills of andes from e ecuador ( s from w napo ) s to c peru ( cajamarca s to pasco ) .
carriker , 1935 – se peru ( ucayali ) , sw brazil ( acre , rondônia , mato grosso ) and andean foothills in bolivia ( from la paz and beni s to nw santa cruz , also sight records from tarija ) .
kratter , 1997 – serranía de huanchaca , in e bolivia ( extreme ne santa cruz ) .
with pale throat contrasting with rufescent breast . nominate race has greyish - brown face with hints of scaling . . .
song a series of 4–6 tripled rising notes , “kwu - kwu - kwe - kwe - kwi - kwi” , sometimes . . .
montane and tropical lowland evergreen forest ; mainly foothill and lower montane forest , often in . . .
recorded dietary items are coleoptera , spiders , cockroaches ( blattodea ) , and tiny frogs . singly , occasionally in pairs . terrestrial ; hops . . .
breeds in oct–may , with peak dec–feb , in trinidad ; eggs in may–jun in n colombia . presumably monogamous . nest at end of . . .
not globally threatened . rare to locally uncommon ; fairly common locally in venezuela . occurs in numerous protected areas , e . g . henri pittier national park , in venezuela , and . . .
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tinalandia nature reserve is a privately owned 240 acre tract including about 60 acres of primary rainforest located at an elevation of about 2000 ft . an additional 600 acre tract of forest is adjacent to the reserve . the elevation is substantially lower than mindo valley , resulting in a more subtropical climate and environment that attracts different species than at higher elevation . several trails of varying distance offer access to the rainforest . the longer trails lead up a ridgeline where the higher elevation offers a vantage point for seeing birds of the canopy down below . the now quite rare long - wattled umbrellabird can sometimes be found in the more remote areas on the property .
tinalandia is reached by driving south on the pan american highway from quito about 30 miles ( 40 km ) and then turning west toward santo domingo del los colorados . after another 45 miles ( 70 km ) driving downhill , enter the reserve opposite a stone marker .
all content and design © 2004 - 2017 by exotic birding , llc . original banner photo © laura l fellows . all rights reserved . no photos , descriptions , or other content may be copied or disseminated on any media without prior written permission . checklists may be copied or printed for personal use only but not for commercial purposes of any kind . website designed and produced by jim wittenberger and laura l fellows . photography by laura l fellows and jim wittenberger .
plantation trail is situated in soberania national park . the trail starts near semaphore hill and leads into the forest for 4 miles . to reach plantation trail drive to gamboa , taking a left on gaillard highway toward the summit zoo . drive about 5 minutes and turn right at a sign saying entrance to camino de plantacion . then turn left at the entrance to plantation trail and park .
distribution maps should be very cautiously looked at . they do not provide with precise location but only give an idea of species global distribution . distribution areas are geopolitical ; as a consequence the whole of a country is selected if a species is only located in one single place . for more precise distribution areas please go to iucn site ( see link above ) .
this is a large family of small to medium - sized birds , ranging from 9 to 35 centimetres in length . the ovenbirds are a diverse group of insectivores which get their name from the elaborate , vaguely
oven - like
clay nests built by the
, although most other ovenbirds build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock . furnariid nests are always constructed with a cover . while individial species often are habitat specialists , species of this family can be found in virtually any neotropical habitat , ranging from city parks inhabited by rufous horneros , to tropical amazonian lowlands by many species of
of family parulidae is unrelated to birds in the ovenbird family , furnariidae . for both cases , the name derives from the oven - like nests that are created .
of south america are unrelated to the miners of australia . their name refers to the tunnels they build for nests . they are ground - dwelling birds , somewhat resembling the larks and wheatears of other continents . they are mostly drab brown in coloration and often have a fairly long and slender bill .
the common miner has brown upperparts ; dull rufous on wings that shows up in flight .
the dark - winged miner has dusky wings ; pinkish buff face , breast , rump .
the grayish miner has gray brown plumage . it is found in some of the most arid terrain of central to southern peru and northern chile .
the rufous - banded miner is a typical miner in appearance , this species is largely tan and gray with rusty patches in the flight feathers and tail . it is most easily detected by its song , a long , rich series of buzzy
jrrrt
notes .
the short - billled miner has brown upperparts ; short bill ; long wings . it is found on dry and sandy patagonian steppe , and its center of distribution is the north section of tierra del fuego island .
the slender - billled miner has brown upperparts ; vivid rufous on wings that shows up in flight . it has the longest bill of thisgenus .
the thick - billed miner has dark gray - brown upperparts ; pale buff underparts ; short , thick , straight bill . it prefers dry , rocky areas with dsparse vegetation .
) , which are essentially an open - country version of the leaftossers , being lighter in color and longer - legged .
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sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size may be moderately small to large , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
partners in flight estimated the population to number fewer than 50 , 000 individuals ( a . panjabi in litt . 2008 ) , thus it is placed in the band 20 , 000 - 49 , 999 individuals here . trend justification : this population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction ( del hoyo et al . 2003 ) .
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becker , c . d . and a . ágreda . 2005 . bird community differences in mature and second growth garúa forest in machalilla national park , ecuador . ornitología neotropical 16 : 297 - 319 .
berlanga , h . , j . a . kennedy , t . d . rich , m . c . arizmendi , c . j . beardmore , p . j . blancher , g . s . butcher , a . r . couturier , a . a . dayer , d . w . demarest , w e . easton , m . gustafson , e . iñigo - elias , e . a . krebs , a . o . panjabi , v . rodriguez contreras , k . v . rosenberg , j . m . ruth , e . santana castellón , r . ma . vidal , and t . c . will . 2010 . saving our shared birds : partners in flight tri - national vision for landbird conservation . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york .
campos e silva , j . v . 2013 . roost of leaftossers ( genus sclerurus ) in the brazilian amazon : hints of the low density in forested environments . revista brasileira de ornitologia 21 : 129 - 132 .
claramunt , s . , e . p . derryberry , r . t . brumfield , and j . v . remsen , jr . 2012 . ecological opportunity and diversification in a continental radiation of birds : climbing adaptations and cladogenesis in the furnariidae . american naturalist 179 : 649 - 666 .
d’horta , f . m . , a . m . cuervo , c . c . ribus , r . t . brumfield , and c . y . miyaki . 2013 . phylogeny and comparative phylogeography of sclerurus ( aves : furnariidae ) reveal constant and cryptic diversification in an old radiation of rainforest understory specialists . journal of biogeography 40 : 37 - 49 .
edwards , e . p . 1972 . finding birds in mexico . second edition . lynchburg , virginia .
gradwohl , j . and r . greenberg . 1980 . the formation of antwren flocks on barro colorado island , panama . auk 97 : 385 - 395 .
hilty , s . l . , and w . l . brown . 1986 . a guide to the birds of colombia . princeton university press , princeton , new jersey .
howell , s . n . g . 1999 . a bird - finding guide to mexico . cornell university press , ithaca , new york .
howell , s . n . g . , and s . webb 1995 . a guide to the birds of mexico and northern central america . oxford university press , new york , new york .
karr , j . r . 1971 . ecological , behavioral , and distributional notes on some central panama birds . condor 73 : 107 - 111 .
karr , j . r . , m . f . willson , and d . j . moriarty . 1978 . weights of some central american birds . breneisa 14 - 15 : 249 - 257 .
kiff , l . 1996 . egg color in the genus sclerurus . ornitología neotropical 7 : 153 - 154 .
land , c . h . 1970 . birds of guatemala . livingston publishing company , wynnewood , pennsylvania .
martin , j . p . , s . m . doucet , r . c . knox , and d . j . mennill . 2011 . body size correlates negatively with the frequency of distress calls and songs on neotropical birds . journal of field ornithology 82 : 259 - 268 .
meyer de schauensee , r . 1966 . the species of birds of south america and their distribution . livingston publishing company , narberth , pennsylvania .
miller , a . h . , h . friedmann , l . griscom , and r . t . moore . 1957 . distributional check - list of the birds of mexico . part 2 . pacific coast avifauna number 33 .
monroe , b . l . , jr . 1968 . a distributional survey of the birds of honduras . ornithological monographs number 7 . american ornithologists ' union .
peterson , r . t . , and e . l . chalif . 1973 . a field guide to mexican birds : mexico , guatemala , belize , el salvador . houghton mifflin company , boston , massachusetts .
remsen , j . v . , jr . 2003 . family furnariidae ( ovenbirds ) . pages 162 - 357 in j . del hoyo , a . elliott , and d . a . christie ( editors ) . handbook of the birds of the world . volume 8 . lynx edicions , barcelona .
ridgely , r . s . , and p . j . greenfield . 2001a . the birds of ecuador : status , distribution , and taxonomy . cornell university press , ithaca , new york .
ridgely , r . s . , and p . j . greenfield . 2001b . the birds of ecuador : field guide . cornell university press , ithaca , new york .
ridgely , r . s . , and g . tudor . 1994 . the birds of south america . volume ii . the suboscine passerines . university of texas press , austin , texas .
ridgway , r . 1911 . the birds of north and middle america . part v . bulletin of the united states national museum 50 , part 5 .
russell , s . m . 1964 . a distributional study of the birds of british honduras . ornithological monographs number 1 . american ornithologists ' union , washington , d . c .
salvadori , t . , and e . festa . 1899 . viaggio del dr . enrico festa nell ' ecuador . parte seconda . passeres clamatores . bollettino dei musei di zoologia ed anatomoa comparata . volume 15 number 362 .
semarnat . 2010 . norma oficial mexicana nom - 059 - semarnat - 2010 , protección ambiental - especies nativas de méxico de flora y fauna silvestres - categorías de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusión , exclusión o cambio - lista de especies en riesgo . diario oficial de la federación , jueves 30 de diciembre de 2010 . méxico , d . f .
skutch , a . f . 1969 . life histories of central american birds . iii . pacific coast avifauna number 35 .
skutch , a . f . 1985 . clutch size , nesting success and predation on nests of neotropical birds , reviewed . pages 575 - 594 in p . a . buckley , m . s . foster , e . s . morton , r . s . ridgely , and f . g . buckley ( editors ) , neotropical ornithology . ornithological monographs number 36 . american ornithologists ' union , washington d . c .
slud , p . 1964 . the birds of costa rica . distribution and ecology . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 128 .
stiles , f . g . , and a . f . skutch . 1989 . a guide to the birds of costa rica . cornell university press , ithaca , new york .
sutton , g . m . 1951 . mexican birds : first impressions . university of oklahoma press , norman , oklahoma .
sychra , o . , i . literák , m . capek , and m . havlicek . 2007 . chewing lice ( phthiraptera ) from ovenbirds , leaftossers , and woodcreepers ( passerformes : furnariidae : furnariinae , sclerurinae , dendrocolaptinae ) from costa rica , with descriptions of four new species of the genera rallicola and myrsidea . caribbean journal of science 43 : 117 - 126 .
van els , p . , and b . m . whitney . 2011 . arboreal roosting as a possible explanation for tail stiffness in the genus sclerurus . ornitologia neotropical 22 : 477–479 .
vaurie , c . 1980 . taxonomy and geographical distribution of the furnariidae ( aves , passeriformes ) . bulletin of the american museum of natural history 166 : 1 - 357 .
wetmore , a . 1951 . additional forms of birds from colombia and panamá . smithsonian miscellaneous collections 117 ( 2 ) : 1 - 11 .
wetmore , a . 1972 . the birds of the republic of panama . part 3 . smithsonian miscellaneous collections volume 150 , part 3 .
willis , e . o . 1974 . review of a . feduccia , evolutionary trends in neotropical ovenbirds and woodhewers . wilson bulletin 86 : 487–489 .
willis , e . o . , and e . eisenmann . 1979 . a revised list of birds of barro colorado island , panama . smithsonian contributions to zoology number 291 .
zyskowski , k . , and r . o . prum . 1999 . phylogenetic analysis of the nest structure of neotropical ovenbirds ( furnariidae ) . auk 116 : 891 - 911 .
hitherto treated as conspecific with c . procurvoides and c . probatus , but differs from both in its blackish head with darker back to tail ( 1 ) ; largely unmarked white throat ( 1 ) ; broader streaking above and below ( 1 ) ; bill darker ( ns [ 1 ] ) ; and song a series of c . 7–10 notes , with little variation in note length and pitch , thus vs procurvoides showing greater length ratio ( 3 ) and pitch ratio ( 2 ) in first : last note , and vs probatus showing greater length ratio in first : last note ( 3 ) and much faster pace ( 3 ) # r . monotypic .
what do ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) mean ? learn more about the scoring system .
se amazonian brazil s of amazon , from r xingu e to r tocantins , s to ne mato grosso .
22·5–25 cm ; 38 g . slim , medium - sized woodcreeper with exceptionally long , slim , strongly decurved bill . female slightly smaller than male . juvenile undescribed , but appears . . .
as described under taxonomy , song a series of c . 7–10 notes that are most similar in syntax and . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . fairly common at a few sites with extensive bamboo thickets , within the species’ comparatively small range estimated at 432 , 000 km² . . . .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . xingu scythebill ( campylorhamphus multostriatus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
frequently treated as a separate family , although always closely linked to other current members of furnariidae .
with its largely undisturbed tropical forests , abundance of rivers , tremendous diversity of flora and fauna , outstanding birding , and rich human history , belize is one of the world ' s finest natural destinations . within the borders of this sparsely populated central american country lie a great variety of habitats , including extensive tracts of rainforest , pristine lowland savanna , tropical rivers and lagoons , mo untain pine and oak forest , mangroves , beaches , and coral reefs .
our birding and natural history adventure includes stays in some of belize ' s finest accommodations - bird ' s eye view lodge , pook ' s hill lodge , hidden valley inn , and lamanai outpost lodge . from the spoiled comfort of these homes away from home , we ' ll cruise on crooked tree lagoon , tour the mayan ruins of lamanai and caracol , see spectacular waterfalls , visit green hills butterfly ranch with its amazing hummingbird feeders , take night safari and sunset lagoon trips , and enjoy excellent wildlife right outside our doors .
we begin at birds eye view lodge which lies on the banks of crooked tree lagoon , one of the best spots for wildlife in the country . here , between time on the grounds and a beautiful boat trip , we often find common tody - flycatcher , greenish and yellow - bellied elaenias , black - collared and great black hawks , rufous - breasted spinetail , many parrots including the endangered yellow - headed , gray - necked wood - rail , yucatan woodpecker , mangrove swallow , gray - breasted martin , jabiru and wood stork , and also many kingfishers , waders , and ibis . though rare , we sometimes have luck with two waterside skulkers , agami heron and american pygmy kingfisher .
from pook ' s hill we head into the mountains to hidden valley inn , a luxurious spot with superb service and accomm odations and great birds on the grounds - yellow - tailed and yellow - backed orioles , rusty sparrow , azure - crowned hummingbird , golden - hooded tanager , golden - olive woodpecker , ferruginous pygmy - owl , and more . two gorgeous waterfalls , king vulture and thousand - foot falls , are just a few minutes away and are good spots to look for stygian owl , king vulture , black - headed siskin , plain wren , rufous - capped warbler , the rare orange - breasted falcon , and white - collared swifts . hidden valley provides easy access to the impressive ruins at caracol where we spend a day enjoying some of the best forest in the country and great wildlife . while much of the wildlife at caracol is similar to that at pook ' s hill , there are a few uncommon species that we ' ve had good luck with in the area - ocellated turkey , great curassow , black and ornate hawk - eagles , and bicolored hawk .
while seeing and learning about many of belize ' s 570 + species of birds , we’ll also spend time learning about the general ecology and natural history of the area with stories about plants , insects , reptiles , amphibians , and mammals .
belize is an easily reached destination with superb infrastructure , easy access to many habitats , and many warm , talented people who help put together a memorable trip .
the cost will be about $ 3700 p er person , double occupancy , all inclusive from belize city . limited to 10 participants .
ne brazil from ceará and paraíba s to alagoas n of r são francisco .
15–18·5 cm . small , slim woodcreeper with proportionately large head , steep forehead , relatively long , slim , somewhat decurved bill , being in most respects very similar to the . . .
restricted to the most humid forests , both primary and secondary within the caatinga biome , . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . fairly common to common , but very few data on overall abundance , and its ability to adapt to fragmented or otherwise degraded areas . . .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . atlantic woodcreeper ( xiphorhynchus atlanticus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
sequence of species based on the findings of a recent multilocus phylogenetic analysis # r .
from : from f . g . stiles and d . j . levey . 1994 . birds of la selva and vicinity . in la selva : ecology and natural history of a neotropical rain forest , eds . l . a . mcdade , k . s . bawa , h . a . hespenheide , and g . s . hartshorn , 384 - 93 . chicago : univ . of chicago press .
tinamidae tinamus major - - great tinamou crypturellus soui - - little tinamou c . boucardi - - slaty - breasted tinamou
cracidae ortalis cinereiceps - - gray - headed chachalaca penelope purpurascens - - crested guan crax rubra - - great curassow phasianidae odontophorus erythrops - - rufous - fronted wood - quail o . guttatus - - spotted wood - quail rhynchortyx cinctus - - tawny - faced quail
charadriidae charadrius vociferus - - killdeer jacanidae jacana spinosa - - northern jacana scolopacidae tringa melanoleuca - - greater yellowlegs t . solitaria - - solitary sandpiper actitis macularia - - spotted sandpiper laridae stercorarius pomarinus - - pomarine jaeger sterna fuscata - - sooty tern
columbidae columba cayennensis - - pale - vented pigeon c . speciosa - - scaled pigeon c . flavirostris - - red - billed pigeon c . nigrirostris - - short - billed pigeon zenaida macroura - - mourning dove columbina talpacoti - - ruddy ground - dove claravis pretiosa - - blue ground - dove leptotila verreauxi - - white - tipped dove l . cassinii - - gray - chested dove geotrygon veraguensis - - olive - backed quail - dove g . montana - - ruddy quail - dove
cuculidae coccyzus erythropthalmus - - black - billed cuckoo c . americanus - - yellow - billed cuckoo piaya cayana - - squirrel cuckoo tapera naevia - - striped cuckoo neomorphus geoffroyi - - rufous - vented ground - cuckoo crotophaga sulcirostris - - groove - billed ani
tytonidae tyto alba - - common barn - owl strigidae otus guatemalae - - vermiculated screech - owl lophostrix cristata - - crested owl pulsatrix perspicillata - - spectacled owl glaucidium minutissimum - - least pygmy - owl ciccaba virgata - - mottled owl c . nigrolineata - - black - and - white owl
caprimulgidae lurocalis semitorquatus - - short - tailed nighthawk chordeiles minor - - common nighthawk nyctidromus albicollis - - common pauraque caprimulgus carolinensis - - chuck - will ' s - widow nyctibiidae nyctibius grandis - - great potoo n . griseus - - common potoo
momotidae momotus momota - - blue - crowned motmot baryphthengus ruficapillus - - rufous motmot electron platyrhynchum - - broad - billed motmot alcedinidae ceryle torquata - - ringed kingfisher c . alcyon - - belted kingfisher chloroceryle amazona - - amazon kingfisher c . americana - - green kingfisher c . inda - - green - and - rufous kingfisher c . aenea - - american pygmy kingfisher
bucconidae bucco macrorhynchos - - white - necked puffbird b . tectus - - pied puffbird malacoptila panamensis - - white - whiskered puffbird monasa morphoeus - - white - fronted nunbird galbulidae galbula ruficauda - - rufous - tailed jacamar jacamerops aurea - - great jacamar ramphastidae aulacorhynchus prasinus - - emerald toucanet pteroglossus torquatus - - collared aracari selenidera spectabilis - - yellow - eared toucanet ramphastos sulfuratus - - keel - billed toucan r . swainsonii - - chestnut - mandibled toucan picidae melanerpes pucherani - - black - cheeked woodpecker veniliornis fumigatus - - smoky - brown woodpecker piculus leucolaemus - - rufous - winged woodpecker celeus loricatus - - cinnamon woodpecker c . castaneus - - chestnut - colored woodpecker dryocopus lineatus - - lineated woodpecker campephilus guatemalensis - - pale - billed woodpecker
copyright © 2018 organization for tropical studies | contact : visit . ots @ urltoken costa rica ( 506 ) 2524 - 0607 | fax ( 506 ) 2524 - 0608 | united states ( 919 ) 684 5774 | fax ( 919 ) 684 5661
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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rolando chavez , josep del hoyo , dusan m . brinkhuizen , juan fdo . alvarez castro .
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special thanks to tropical birding for outstanding photo contributions to the bird data family of apps .
range data provided by infonatura / natureserve and urltoken . ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2005 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 2 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa . additional updates and changes by urltoken 2016 .


this is a common species that " can occur in huge numbers " .

there are several subspecies .

melanopsis buccinoidea

melanopsis buccinoidea is a species of freshwater snail in the family melanopsidae . it is native to the mediterranean basin , where it occurs in jordan , israel , palestine , lebanon , syria , cyprus , and southern turkey .
regardless the above , on a global scale this species certainly can be considered as least concern ( lc ) , being the most common melanopsis species in the levant .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
in turkey were very variable and may represent more than one species . further research in this region is necessary .
( 2006 ) for the european species and by van damme and ghamizi ( 2010 ) for the nw - african ones . following the revision of the representatives of this genus in the levant by heller
kebapçı , u . , lopes - lima , m . , numa , c . & seddon , m . b .
since the identity of the greek and turkish - european populations is not yet elucidated , this species was assessed as data deficient ( dd ) at the european level and at the level of the 27 member states of the european union . in the mesopotamian region ( iran , iraq ) all smooth shelled populations , that were formerly placed in
( glöer and pešić 2012 ) . the taxonomy of the populations in central and northern turkey and in the area north of this country is also still uncertain .
species , where it hence can be considered as widespread and common . according to kantor
populations north of southern turkey need to be reviewed . the most northern occurrence in turkey that has been confirmed appears to be in karaman maraş province ( s . turkey ) ( gürlek
there are no ' precise ' population data for this species but it can occur in huge numbers .
this species lives in all kinds of freshwater habitats including springs and pools , irrigation canals , ponds , streams , swamps , ditches , rivers , etc .
there are no threats simultaneously affecting all populations of this species over its whole range , although there are many localized threats ( irrigation , pollution , drought . . . ) .
some conchologically different populations may represent distinct species , and so it is recommended that further research is carried out in the northern part of this species ' range to establish the nature of these populations . no conservation actions are considered necessary , given the current vast range .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
( spain , maghreb ) in the levant ( van damme , 2010 , pers . comm ) . schutt ( 1966 ) noted that the populations in turkey were very variable and may represent more than one species .
) in europe - north africa and the levant . this view is still currently followed by some hydrobiologists for the
occurring in the region . however , if we follow the revision of the representatives of this genus in the levant by heller
occurring in the region . for europe and the levant , we follow the revision of the representatives of this genus by glaubrecht ( 1993 ) , and in the levant by heller
is the widespread equivalent species . as the identity of the greece populations are uncertain and needs further review , this species is assessed as data deficient ( dd ) at the european level and at the level of the 27 member states of the european union .
this species is recorded from the eastern mediterranean , where it is found in jordan , israel , lebanon , syria and southernmost part of turkey ( van damme , pers . comm , 2009 ) . bank
( 2006 ) list it from greece in the compilation for fauna europea , but the status is uncertain . heller
species from the region , so it is probably more widespread . according to kantor
this species lives in freshwater springs and pools , irrigation canals , ponds , streams , swamps , ditches .
there are no threats operating across the range , although there are localised threats to the species .
some conchologically different populations may represent distinct species , and so it is recommended that further research is carried out in the northern part of the range to establish the nature of these populations . no other conservation actions considered necessary given the current range .
bank , r . a . ; neubert , e . ( 2017 ) . checklist of the land and freshwater gastropoda of europe . last update : july 16th , 2017 . [ details ]
olivier , g . a . 1801 . voyage dans l ' empire othoman , l ' égypte et la perse , fait par ordre du gouvernement , pendant les six premières années de la république . tome premier . - pp . j - xij [ = 1 - 14 ] , [ 1 - 2 ] , 1 - 432 , [ 1 ] , i - vij [ = 1 - 7 ] , pl . 1 - 17 . paris . ( agasse ) .
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this is a common species that
can occur in huge numbers
. it lives in many kinds of freshwater habitat , such as streams , springs , and irrigation ditches .
- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .


barilius signicaudus is a species of fish in the family cyprinidae .

it is found in khwae noi river and khwae yai river from mae klong river .

barilius signicaudus

tejavej , a . , 2012 . barilius signicaudus , a new species of cyprinid fish from maeklong basin , western thailand ( cypriniformes : cyprinidae ) . zootaxa 3586 : 138 - 147 . ( ref . 93076 )
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we parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00724 ( 0 . 00324 - 0 . 01618 ) , b = 3 . 07 ( 2 . 88 - 3 . 26 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref .
) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]


it was described by meyrick in 1883 .

the wingspan is about 16.5 mm .

the forewings are uniform whitish-grey , faintly ochreous-tinged and with a whitish costal edge .

there is a minute black dot at the base of the costa , a black dot on the inner margin near the base , and sometimes one or two others in the disc towards the base .

there is also a black dot in the disc before the middle , a second in the disc beyond middle , a third on the fold obliquely beyond the first , and a fourth , minute or obsolete , below and beyond the second .

there is a very fine transverse row of dark grey scales from the middle of the costa to the inner margin before the anal angle , irregularly sinuate on the upper half and strongly angulated in the middle .

a row of conspicuous black dots is located on the hindmargin and apical fifth of the costa .

the hindwings are grey , but darker towards the apex .

garrha sericata

have a fact about garrha pseudota ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for garrha pseudota ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
garrha sericata is a moth in the oecophoridae family . it was described by edward meyrick in 1883 . [ 1 ] it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland and new south wales . [ 2 ]
hoplitica sericata meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 497
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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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meyrick , e . 1883 ,
descriptions of australian micro - lepidoptera . viii . oecophoridae
, proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , ser . 1 , vol . 7 , no . 4 , pp . 415 - 547
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 889b0f34 - 3f57 - 4e93 - 8a10 - 631b2a2354a0
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : e69fc017 - fdd0 - 4e02 - ae6c - a05d13d7af95
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b347105c - ebc7 - 42e2 - bfb3 - 9f299c138232
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 300445
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heliocausta achroa turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 4
heliocausta acosmeta turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 4
machimia agglomerata meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 12 ) : 375
machimia alma meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 174 ; tl : victoria , gisborne
machimia amata meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 175 ; tl : west australia , waroona
heliocausta arrhodea turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 113
hoplitica atripunctatella turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 7
machimia brachytricha turner , 1927 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasm . 1926 : 147
australia ( victoria , s . australia , e . australia ) . see [ maps ]
hoplitica cholodella meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 507
machimia coccinea turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 59
hoplitica costimacula meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 502
machimia cylicotypa turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 111
machimia defessa meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 12 ) : 376
euryplaca demotica meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 489
hoplitica eugramma lower , 1894 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 18 : 93
cryptopeges icasta turner , 1941 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 66 : 406
heliocausta idiosema turner , 1917 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 41 : 113
machimia interjecta turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 116
hoplitica leucerythra meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 501
heliocausta limbata meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 471
machimia mesogaea turner , 1916 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 41 ( 2 ) : 371
hoplitica metriopis meyrick , 1888 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 2 ( 4 ) : 941
machimia micromita turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 107
machimia mitescens meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 174 ; tl : queensland , townsville
euryplaca ocellifera meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 488
machimia ochra turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 109
coesyra paraderces meyrick , 1889 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . ( 2 ) 3 : 1659
machimia phaeoporphyra turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 92 ; tl : tasmania , derwent bridge
machimia phoenopis turner , 1916 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 41 ( 2 ) : 371 ; tl : n . australia , port darwin ; queensland , brisbane ; mt tambourine ; toowoomba
machimia platyporphyra turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 111 ( emend . )
hoplitica pseudota lower , 1901 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 25 ( 2 ) : 85
machimia pyrrhopasta turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 114
machimia rubella turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 92 ; tl : tasmania , derwent bridge
hoplitica rufa meyrick , 1883 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 7 ( 4 ) : 504
machimia rufescens turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
hoplitica rufimaculella turner , 1896 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 20 : 7
heliocausta spatiosa meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 13 ) : 387
machimia submissa turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
machimia umbratica turner , 1946 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 70 ( 3 - 4 ) : 108
coesyra zonostola meyrick , 1884 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 9 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) : 772
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
descriptions of australian micro - lepidoptera . xi & xii . oecophoridae - ( continued )
zeller , 1855 nachtrag zu den im 9ten bande bescriebenen arten ds genus cryptolechia linn . ent . 10 : 145 - 168
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