buccinum is a genus of medium-sized sea snails , marine gastropod molluscs in the family buccinidae , the true whelks .

snails in this genus are commonly called whelks , a name shared with several related and unrelated species .

the common whelk buccinum undatum is the most common representative of the genus in the northern atlantic ocean .

buccinum

scientific synonyms and common names buccinum humphreysianum bennet , 1824 buccinum ventricosum kiener , 1834 non buccinum ventricosum grateloup , 1827 buccinum fusiforme kiener , 1834 non buccinum fusiforme borson , 1820 buccinum striatum philippi , 1844 non buccinum striatum pennant , 1777 buccinum puxleianum leach , 1847 buccinum humphreysianum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 non buccinum lacteum kiener , 1834 buccinum kieneri monterosato , 1872 buccinum inflatum aradas & benoit , 1876 non buccinum inflatum shaw , 1811 buccinum monterosatoi locard , 1886 buccinum humphreysianum var . azonata locard , 1886 buccinum atractodeum locard , 1886 buccinum monterosatoi var . flammulata locard , 1886 buccinum liocephalum pallary , 1931 buccinum lusitanicum pallary , 1931 buccinum euthriaeforme paulus & mars , 1942 buccinum inflatum panormitanum settepassi , 1977 buccinum inflatum partenopaeum settepassi , 1977 buccinum gracile settepassi , 1977 ; settepassi , 1977 ex monterosato ms .
scientific synonyms and common names buccinum undatum linné , 1758 buccinum undatum var . caerulea sars g . o . , 1878 buccinum acuminatum broderip , 1830 buccinum undatum var . flexuosa jeffreys , 1867 buccinum donovani sars g . o . , 1878 non buccinum donovani gray j . e . , 1839 buccinum fragile sars g . o . , 1878 buccinum pictum verkrüzen , 1881
subspecies buccinum cyaneum patulum g . o . sars , 1878 accepted as buccinum cyaneum bruguière , 1792
variety buccinum undatum var . flexuosa jeffreys , 1867 accepted as buccinum undatum linnaeus , 1758 ( synonym )
variety buccinum undatum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 accepted as buccinum undatum linnaeus , 1758 ( synonym )
variety buccinum undatum var . paupercula jeffreys , 1867 accepted as buccinum undatum linnaeus , 1758 ( synonym )
variety buccinum humphreysianum var . azonata locard , 1887 accepted as buccinum humphreysianum bennett , 1824 ( synonym )
variety buccinum humphreysianum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 accepted as buccinum humphreysianum bennett , 1824 ( synonym )
species buccinum alicei dautzenberg & fischer h . , 1912 accepted as buccinum nivale friele , 1882 ( synonym )
buccinum donovani sars g . o . , 1878 , non buccinum donovani gray j . e . , 1839
variety buccinum undatum var . caerulea sars g . o . , 1878 accepted as buccinum undatum linnaeus , 1758 ( synonym )
species buccinum boreale broderip & sowerby g . b . i , 1829 accepted as buccinum ciliatum ( fabricius , 1780 ) ( synonym )
to biodiversity heritage library ( 115 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum striatum philippi , 1844 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 2 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum monterosatoi locard , 1887 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 31 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum inflatum aradas & benoit , 1876 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 31 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 62 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum ventricosum kiener , 1834 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum striatum philippi , 1844 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum inflatum aradas & benoit , 1876 ) to clemam to clemam ( from synonym buccinum fusiforme kiener , 1834 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum ventricosum kiener , 1834 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum liocephalum pallary , 1931 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum kieneri monterosato , 1872 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum atractodeum locard , 1887 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum lusitanicum pallary , 1931 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum euthriaeforme paulus & mars , 1942 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum gracile settepassi , 1977 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum puxleianum leach , 1852 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum inflatum partenopaeum settepassi , 1977 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum inflatum panormitanum settepassi , 1977 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum humphreysianum var . azonata locard , 1887 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum monterosatoi var . flammulata locard , 1887 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum humphreysianum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum monterosatoi locard , 1887 ) to encyclopedia of life to marine species identification portal to pesi to pesi ( from synonym buccinum fusiforme kiener , 1834 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum inflatum aradas & benoit , 1876 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum ventricosum kiener , 1834 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum striatum philippi , 1844 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum puxleianum leach , 1852 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum gracile settepassi , 1977 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum euthriaeforme paulus & mars , 1942 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum lusitanicum pallary , 1931 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum atractodeum locard , 1887 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum kieneri monterosato , 1872 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum liocephalum pallary , 1931 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum monterosatoi locard , 1887 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum humphreysianum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum monterosatoi var . flammulata locard , 1887 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum humphreysianum var . azonata locard , 1887 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum inflatum panormitanum settepassi , 1977 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum inflatum partenopaeum settepassi , 1977 ) to itis
to ansp malacology collection ( from synonym buccinum inclitum pilsbry , 1904 ) to barcode of life to biodiversity heritage library ( 16 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum inclytum pilsbry , 1907 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 166 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 19 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum donovani gray j . e . , 1839 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 2 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum hancocki mörch , 1857 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 21 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum turritum verkrüzen , 1878 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 3 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum morchianum dunker , 1858 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 44 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum carinatum phipps , 1774 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum carinatum phipps , 1774 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum donovani gray j . e . , 1839 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum morchianum dunker , 1858 ) to clemam to clemam ( from synonym buccinum hancocki mörch , 1857 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum turritum verkrüzen , 1878 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum richardi dautzenberg & fischer h . , 1912 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum tubulosum reeve , 1845 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum parallelum dall , 1919 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum ekblawi baker , 1919 ) to encyclopedia of life to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym buccinum morchianum dunker , 1858 ) to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym buccinum inclytum pilsbry , 1907 ) to genbank ( 1 nucleotides ; 0 proteins ) ( from synonym buccinum inclytum pilsbry , 1907 ) to pesi to pesi ( from synonym buccinum morchianum dunker , 1858 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum carinatum phipps , 1774 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum ekblawi baker , 1919 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum donovani gray j . e . , 1839 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum parallelum dall , 1919 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum hancocki mörch , 1857 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum tubulosum reeve , 1845 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum richardi dautzenberg & fischer h . , 1912 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum turritum verkrüzen , 1878 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym buccinum morchianum dunker , 1858 ) to itis
species buccinum canaliculatum lamarck , 1822 accepted as nassarius siquijorensis ( a . adams , 1852 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of buccinum canaliculatum gmelin , 1791 )
buccinum undatum var . caerulea sars g . o . , 1878 ( synonym )
buccinum undatum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 , 1867 : p . 294 .
to biodiversity heritage library ( 1 publication ) ( from synonym buccinum cyaneum cyaneum bruguière , 1792 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 3 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum gouldii a . e . verrill , 1882 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 31 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum tenebrosum hancock , 1846 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 5 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum gouldi verrill , 1882 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 66 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum patulum sars g . o . , 1878 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 87 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 88 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum undulatum møller , 1842 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum perdix mörch , 1868 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum undulatum møller , 1842 ) to clemam to clemam ( from synonym buccinum tenebrosum hancock , 1846 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum gouldi verrill , 1882 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum patulum sars g . o . , 1878 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum bromsi hägg , 1904 ) to encyclopedia of life to pesi to pesi ( from synonym buccinum tenebrosum hancock , 1846 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum bromsi hägg , 1904 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum gouldi verrill , 1882 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum patulum sars g . o . , 1878 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum perdix mörch , 1868 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum undulatum møller , 1842 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection ( from synonym buccinum gouldii a . e . verrill , 1882 ) to itis
bioaccumulation and biotransformation of pyrene and 1 - hydroxypyrene by the marine whelk buccinum undatum .
» species buccinum ( nassa ) semiplicatum dunker , 1853 accepted as nassarius gaudiosus ( hinds , 1844 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of buccinum semiplicatum o . g . costa , 1830 )
marine life information network - uk to barcode of life ( 17 barcodes ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 1 publication ) ( from synonym buccinum amaliae verkrüzen , 1878 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 1140 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 19 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum donovani sars g . o . , 1878 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 20 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum pictum verkrüzen , 1881 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 5 publications ) ( from synonym buccinum meridionale verkrüzen , 1884 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum donovani sars g . o . , 1878 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum acuminatum broderip , 1830 ) to clemam to clemam ( from synonym buccinum undatum var . flexuosa jeffreys , 1867 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum undatum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum undatum var . paupercula jeffreys , 1867 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum undatum var . caerulea sars g . o . , 1878 ) to clemam ( from synonym buccinum pictum verkrüzen , 1881 ) to dyntaxa to encyclopedia of life to genbank ( 15 nucleotides ; 7 proteins ) to global biotic interactions ( globi ) to marine species identification portal to pesi to pesi ( from synonym buccinum acuminatum broderip , 1830 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum donovani sars g . o . , 1878 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum undatum var . caerulea sars g . o . , 1878 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum undatum var . paupercula jeffreys , 1867 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum undatum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum undatum var . flexuosa jeffreys , 1867 ) to pesi ( from synonym buccinum pictum verkrüzen , 1881 ) to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection to itis
species buccinum cassideum g . b . sowerby i , 1825 accepted as demoulia abbreviata ( gmelin , 1791 )
bioaccumulation and biotransformation of pyrene and 1 - hydroxypyrene by the marine whelk buccinum undatum . - pubmed - ncbi
species buccinum afrum philippi , 1851 accepted as nassarius coronulus ( a . adams , 1852 ) ( uncertain synonym )
species buccinum brevidentatum wood , 1828 accepted as acanthais brevidentata ( w . wood , 1828 ) ( original combination )
description of two new species of buccinum from the english and irish seas microform / by w . j . broderip .
description of two new species of buccinum from the english and irish seasmicroform /  by w . j . broderip .
species buccinum acicula o . f . müller , 1774 accepted as cecilioides acicula ( o . f . müller , 1774 )
species buccinum aquilarum r . b . watson , 1882 accepted as gymnobela aquilarum ( r . b . watson , 1882 )
species buccinum armatum wood , 1828 accepted as mexacanthina lugubris ( g . b . sowerby i , 1822 ) ( synonym )
species buccinum callosum w . wood , 1828 accepted as bullia callosa ( w . wood , 1828 ) ( original combination )
( of buccinum morchianum dunker , 1858 ) willett , g . ( 1937 ) . buccinum baeri morchianum ( fischer ) not a tenable name . the nautilus . 50 ( 3 ) : 101 - 102 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
buccinum undatum crawling on the seabed highlighting shape of foot , tentacles and siphon . note also the crepidula fornicata on the shell .
( of buccinum pictum verkrüzen , 1881 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum acuminatum broderip , 1830 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum bromsi hägg , 1904 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum perdix mörch , 1868 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum undulatum møller , 1842 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum gouldi verrill , 1882 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum mirificum verkrüzen , 1881 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum stimpsoni carpenter , 1872 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum puxleianum leach , 1852 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum gracile settepassi , 1977 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum morchianum dunker , 1858 ) fraussen , k . ( 2010 ) . buccinidae checklist . pers . com . [ details ]
( of buccinum carinatum phipps , 1774 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum ekblawi baker , 1919 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum hancocki mörch , 1857 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum tubulosum reeve , 1845 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum turritum verkrüzen , 1878 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum parallelum dall , 1919 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
species buccinum albozonatum r . b . watson , 1886 accepted as falsimohnia albozonata ( r . b . watson , 1886 ) ( original combination )
( of buccinum angulosum angulosum gray , 1839 ) fraussen , k . ( 2010 ) . buccinidae checklist . pers . com . [ details ]
( of buccinum inflatum partenopaeum settepassi , 1977 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum inflatum panormitanum settepassi , 1977 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
description of two new species of buccinum from the english and irish seas microform / by w . j . broderip . - version details - trove
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( of buccinum gouldii a . e . verrill , 1882 ) integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum euthriaeforme paulus & mars , 1942 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
molecular phylogeny of the deep - sea buccinum species ( gastropoda : buccinidae ) around japan : inter - and intraspecific relationships inferred from mitochondrial 16srrna sequences .
( of buccinum undatum var . flexuosa jeffreys , 1867 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum undatum var . paupercula jeffreys , 1867 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum undatum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
buccinum gracile settepassi , 1977 ( not available , published in a work which does not consistently use binominal nomenclature ( iczn art . 11 . 4 ) )
( of buccinum humphreysianum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum humphreysianum var . azonata locard , 1887 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum donovani sars g . o . , 1878 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum patulum sars g . o . , 1878 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
buccinum inflatum panormitanum settepassi , 1977 ( not available , published in a work which does not consistently use binominal nomenclature ( iczn art . 11 . 4 ) )
buccinum inflatum partenopaeum settepassi , 1977 ( not available , published in a work which does not consistently use binominal nomenclature ( iczn art . 11 . 4 ) )
( of buccinum donovani gray j . e . , 1839 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum richardi dautzenberg & fischer h . , 1912 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
species buccinum atrum schrank , 1803 accepted as stagnicola atra ( schrank , 1803 ) accepted as stagnicola palustris ( o . f . müller , 1774 ) ( original combination )
to cite this page : carter , z . 2000 .
buccinum undatum
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
molecular phylogeny of the deep - sea buccinum species ( gastropoda : buccinidae ) around japan : inter - and intraspecific relationships inferred from mi . . . - pubmed - ncbi
nassa lamarck , 1799 : established for the species buccinum mutabile linnaeus , 1758 , which is now classified as a synonym of nassarius duméril , 1805 in the family nassariidae .
( of buccinum undatum var . caerulea sars g . o . , 1878 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
russell - hunter , w . & m . russell - hunter - 1963 . buccinum undatum l . in teh clyde estuary . glasgow naturalist . . 18 : 249 - 250 . .
species buccinum candidissimum c . b . adams , 1845 accepted as nassarius candidissimus ( c . b . adams , 1845 ) accepted as phrontis candidissima ( c . b . adams , 1845 )
valentinsson , d . , 2002 . reproductive cycle and maternal effects on offspring size and number in the neogastropod buccinum undatum ( l . ) . marine biology , 140 , 1139 - 147 .
( of buccinum stimpsoni carpenter , 1872 ) carpenter p . p . ( 1872 ) . the mollusks of western north america . smithsonian miscellaneous collections 252 : 1 - 325 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum undulatum møller , 1842 ) möller h . p . c . ( 1842 ) . index molluscorum groenlandiae . naturhistorisk tidsskrift [ copenhagen ] 4 : 76 - 97 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
buccinum undatum linnaeus , 1758 . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . edition 10 , tomus 1 , holmiae . 824 pp .
it was observed a decline in the whelk populations of the north sea and in the dutch wadden sea in 1991 . this was related to the presence of tbt ( tributyltin ) from antifouling paints , that cause the phenomenon known as
imposex
( hallers et al . , 1996 ) . buccinum undatum may be confused with neptunea antiqua , the red whelk , but this does not have the coarse ribbing of buccinum undatum and is not edible .
nielsen , c . - 1975 . observations on buccinum undatum ( l . ) attacking bivalves and on prey responses , with a short review on attack methods of other prosobranchs . ophelia . . 13 : 87 - 108 . .
( of buccinum lusitanicum pallary , 1931 ) pallary p . ( 1931 ) . les buccins de la méditerranée . bulletin des travaux publiés par la station d ' aquiculture et de pêche de castiglione 1 : 9 - 19 [ details ]
gowanloch , j . n . - 1927 . contribution to the study of marine grastropods : the intertidal life of buccinum undatum , a study in non adaptation . contributions to canada biology and fisheries . 3 : 167 - 178 . .
morel , g . m . & bossy , s . f . , 2004 . assessment of the whelk ( buccinum undatum l . ) population around the island of jersey , channel isles . fisheries research , 68 , 283 - 291 .
bennett e . t . ( 1824 ) . description of an hitherto unpublished species of buccinum , recently discovered at cork . zoological journal 1 : 398 - 399 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 398 - 399 [ details ]
( of buccinum gracile settepassi , 1977 ) settepassi f . ( 1977 ) . atlante malacologico . i molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo , volume ii . 304 pp . museo di zoologia , roma [ stated date 1971 on frontispiece ] [ details ]
( of buccinum hancocki mörch , 1857 ) mørch o . a . ( 1857 ) . fortegnelse over grønlands bløddyr . [ in ] rink , grønland geographisk og statistik beskrivet . kjøbenhavn , louis klein : 75 - 100 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
martel , a . , d . h . larrivée , k . r . klein & j . h . himmelman - 1986 . reproductive cycle and seasonal feeding activity in the neogastropod buccinum undatum . mar . biol . . 92 : 211 - 221 . .
bailey , d . f & m . s . laverak - 1966 . aspects of the neurophysiology of buccinum undatum l . ( gastropoda ) . i . central responses to stimulation of the osphradium . j . exp . biol . . 44 : 131 - 148 . .
( of buccinum meridionale verkrüzen , 1884 ) mayhew , r . and f . cole . 1994 ms . a taxonomic discussion and update of shell - bearing marine molluscs recorded from nw atlantic north of cape cod ( excluding greenland ) , and canadian arctic archipeligo . [ details ]
( of buccinum tenebrosum hancock , 1846 ) mayhew , r . and f . cole . 1994 ms . a taxonomic discussion and update of shell - bearing marine molluscs recorded from nw atlantic north of cape cod ( excluding greenland ) , and canadian arctic archipeligo . [ details ]
( of buccinum liocephalum pallary , 1931 ) pallary p . ( 1931 ) . les buccins de la méditerranée . bulletin des travaux publiés par la station d ' aquiculture et de pêche de castiglione 1 : 9 - 19 page ( s ) : 9 - 11 [ details ]
( of buccinum carinatum phipps , 1774 ) phipps , c . j . ( 1774 ) . a voyage towards the north pole undertaken by h . m . command 1773 . london . i - viii , 1 - 253 . page ( s ) : 197 [ details ]
( of buccinum kieneri monterosato , 1872 ) monterosato t . a . ( di ) ( 1872 ( 10 marzo ) ) . notizie intorno alle conchiglie fossili di monte pellegrino e ficarazzi . . palermo , ufficio tipografico michele amenta 44 p : page ( s ) : 32 [ details ]
( of buccinum gouldii a . e . verrill , 1882 ) mayhew , r . and f . cole . 1994 ms . a taxonomic discussion and update of shell - bearing marine molluscs recorded from nw atlantic north of cape cod ( excluding greenland ) , and canadian arctic archipeligo . [ details ]
( of buccinum puxleianum leach , 1852 ) leach w . e ( 1852 ) . molluscorum britanniæ synopsis : a synopsis of the mollusca of great britain . london , van voorst pp . 376 . [ posthumous edition by j . e . gray ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum fusiforme kiener , 1834 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum ventricosum kiener , 1834 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum striatum philippi , 1844 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum kieneri monterosato , 1872 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum lusitanicum pallary , 1931 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum liocephalum pallary , 1931 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum monterosatoi locard , 1887 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum atractodeum locard , 1887 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
staaland , h . - 1972 . respiratory rate and salinity preference in relation to the ecology of three marine prosobranchs buccinum undatum ( l . ) , neptunea antiqua ( l . ) , and neptunea despecta ( l ) . norw . j . zool . . 20 : 35 - 51 . .
fahy , e . , masterson , e . , swords , d . & forrest , n . , 2000 . a second assessment of the whelk fishery buccinum undatum in the southwest irish sea with particular reference to its history of management by size limits . irish fisheries investigations , 6 , 67pp .
( of buccinum tenebrosum hancock , 1846 ) hancock a . 1846 . a list of shells dredged on the west coast of davis ' s strait ; with notes and descriptions of eight new species . annals and magazine of natural history , 18 : 323 - 338 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum inflatum aradas & benoit , 1876 ) bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
hallers - tjabbes , c . c . , everaarts , j . m . , mensink , b . p . & j . p . boon - 1996 . the decline of the north sea whelk ( buccinum undatum l . ) between 1970 and 1990 : a natural or a human - induced event ?
evans , p . l . , kaiser , m . j . & hughes , r . n . , 1996a . behaviour and energetics of whelks , buccinum undatum ( l . ) , feeding on animals killed by beam trawling . journal of experimental marine biology and ecology , 197 , 51 - 62 .
kideys , a . e . , nash , r . d . m . & nartnoll , r . g . , 1993 . reproductive cycle and energetic cost of reproduction of the neogastropod buccinum undatum in the irish sea . journal of the marine biological association of the united kingdom , 73 , 391 - 403 .
( of buccinum monterosatoi var . flammulata locard , 1887 ) locard , a . ( 1887 ) . contributions à la faune malacologique française . x . monographie des espèces de la famille des buccinidae . annales de la société linnéenne de lyon . 33 : 17 - 127 , 1 pl . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum tenebrosum hancock , 1846 ) krynicki a . j . ( 1837 ) conchylia tam terrestria , quam fluviatilia et e maribus adjacentibus imperii rossici indigena , quae pro mutua offeruntur historiae naturalis cultoribus commutatione . bulletin de la société impériale des naturalistes de moscou , 10 ( 2 ) : 50–64 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum tenebrosum hancock , 1846 ) abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of buccinum striatum philippi , 1844 ) philippi r . a . ( 1844 ) . enumeratio molluscorum siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium , quae in itinere suo observavit . vol . 2 . halle [ halis saxorum ] : eduard anton . iv + 303 pp . , pls 13 - 28 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum gouldi verrill , 1882 ) verrill a . e . ( 1882 ) . catalogue of marine mollusca added to the fauna of the new england region , during the past ten years . transactions of the connecticut academy of arts and sciences 5 ( 2 ) : 447 - 587 pl . 57 - 58 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum atractodeum locard , 1887 ) locard , a . ( 1887 ) . contributions à la faune malacologique française . x . monographie des espèces de la famille des buccinidae . annales de la société linnéenne de lyon . 33 : 17 - 127 , 1 pl . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 119 - 121 [ details ]
( of buccinum gouldii a . e . verrill , 1882 ) abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
cadée , g . c . , boon , j . p . , fischer , c . v . , mensink , b . p . & ten hallers - tjabbes , c . c . , 1995 . why the whelk ( buccinum undatum ) has become extinct in the dutch wadden sea . netherlands journal of sea research , 34 , 337 - 339 .
ager , o . e . d . 2008 . buccinum undatum common whelk . in tyler - walters h . and hiscock k . ( eds ) marine life information network : biology and sensitivity key information reviews , [ on - line ] . plymouth : marine biological association of the united kingdom . [ cited 09 - 07 - 2018 ] . available from : urltoken
( of buccinum cyaneum cyaneum bruguière , 1792 ) brunel , p . ; bosse , l . ; lamarche , g . ( 1998 ) . catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and gulf of st . lawrence . canadian special publication of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 126 . 405 p . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
mensink , b . p . , fischer , c . v . , cadée , g . c . , fonds , m . , ten hallers - tjabbes , c . c . & boon , j . p . , 2000 . shell damage and mortality in the common whelk buccinum undatum caused by beam trawl fishery . journal of sea research , 43 , 53 - 64 .
( of buccinum donovani sars g . o . , 1878 ) sars , g . o . ( 1878 ) . bidrag til kundskaben om norges arktiske fauna . i . mollusca regionis arcticae norvegiae . oversigt over de i norges arktiske region forekommende bløddyr . brøgger , christiania . xiii + 466 pp . , pls 1 - 34 & i - xviii . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum bromsi hägg , 1904 ) hägg r . ( 1904 - 1905 ) . mollusca und brachiopoda gesammelt von der schwedischen polarexpedition nach spitzbergen , dem nordöstlichen grönland und jan mayen im jahre 1900 . arkiv for zoologi , 2 ( 2 ) : 1 - 66 [ 1904 ] ; 2 ( 13 ) : 1 - 136 [ 1905 ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum patulum sars g . o . , 1878 ) sars , g . o . ( 1878 ) . bidrag til kundskaben om norges arktiske fauna . i . mollusca regionis arcticae norvegiae . oversigt over de i norges arktiske region forekommende bløddyr . brøgger , christiania . xiii + 466 pp . , pls 1 - 34 & i - xviii . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum cyaneum patulum g . o . sars , 1878 ) brunel , p . ; bosse , l . ; lamarche , g . ( 1998 ) . catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and gulf of st . lawrence . canadian special publication of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 126 . 405 p . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of buccinum monterosatoi locard , 1887 ) locard , a . ( 1887 ) . contributions à la faune malacologique française . x . monographie des espèces de la famille des buccinidae . annales de la société linnéenne de lyon . 33 : 17 - 127 , 1 pl . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 121 - 123 , [ unnumbered ] plate fig . 15 [ details ]
( of buccinum richardi dautzenberg & fischer h . , 1912 ) dautzenberg p . & fischer h . ( 1912 ) . mollusques provenant des campagnes de l ' hirondelle et de la princesse - alice dans les mers du nord . résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par albert ier prince souverain de monaco . 37 : 1 - 629 , 11 plates . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum inclytum pilsbry , 1907 ) hasegawa k . ( 2009 ) upper bathyal gastropods of the pacific coast of northern honshu , japan , chiefly collected by r / v wakataka - maru . in : t . fujita ( ed . ) , deep - sea fauna and pollutants off pacific coast of northern japan . national museum of nature and science monographs 39 : 225 - 383 . [ details ]
( of buccinum undatum var . caerulea sars g . o . , 1878 ) sars , g . o . ( 1878 ) . bidrag til kundskaben om norges arktiske fauna . i . mollusca regionis arcticae norvegiae . oversigt over de i norges arktiske region forekommende bløddyr . brøgger , christiania . xiii + 466 pp . , pls 1 - 34 & i - xviii . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum inflatum aradas & benoit , 1876 ) aradas a . & benoit l . ( 1872 - 1876 ) . conchigliologia vivente marina della sicilia . atti dell ' accademia gioenia di scienze naturali . ( 3 ) 6 : 1 - 113 + pl . 1 - 2 [ 1872 ] ; 113 - 226 + pl . 3 - 4 [ 1874 ] ; 227 - 324 + pl . 5 [ 1876 ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum humphreysianum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1862 - 1869 ) . british conchology . vol . 1 : pp . cxiv + 341 [ 1862 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 479 [ 1864 ] il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864 . vol . 3 : pp . 394 [ 1865 ] . vol . 4 : pp . 487 [ 1867 ] . vol . 5 : pp . 259 [ 1869 ] . london , van voorst . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum undatum var . flexuosa jeffreys , 1867 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1862 - 1869 ) . british conchology . vol . 1 : pp . cxiv + 341 [ 1862 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 479 [ 1864 ] il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864 . vol . 3 : pp . 394 [ 1865 ] . vol . 4 : pp . 487 [ 1867 ] . vol . 5 : pp . 259 [ 1869 ] . london , van voorst . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 286 [ details ]
( of buccinum undatum var . lactea jeffreys , 1867 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1862 - 1869 ) . british conchology . vol . 1 : pp . cxiv + 341 [ 1862 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 479 [ 1864 ] il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864 . vol . 3 : pp . 394 [ 1865 ] . vol . 4 : pp . 487 [ 1867 ] . vol . 5 : pp . 259 [ 1869 ] . london , van voorst . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 294 [ details ]
( of buccinum undatum var . paupercula jeffreys , 1867 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1862 - 1869 ) . british conchology . vol . 1 : pp . cxiv + 341 [ 1862 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 479 [ 1864 ] il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864 . vol . 3 : pp . 394 [ 1865 ] . vol . 4 : pp . 487 [ 1867 ] . vol . 5 : pp . 259 [ 1869 ] . london , van voorst . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 286 [ details ]
the issue regarding type species of the genus nassaria link , 1807 is confusing . cernohorsky ( 1981 ) and fraussen ( 2006 ) assume “ nassaria lyrata link , 1807” . considering other instances in link ( 1807 ) , this latter name is expected to represent a new combination for buccinum lyratum gmelin , 1791 , not as a separately available new taxon . link’s ( 1807 ) original reference reads “n . lyrata . l . g . p . 3494 . m . c . 4 , t . 122 , f . 1122 , 1123“ [ ”l . g . ” stands for linnaeus , gmelin edition and m . c . for martini & chemnitz’s “conchylien cabinet” ] .
tritonellium valenciennes , 1858 ( unnecessary replacement name for tritonium o . f . müller , 1776 , by valenciennes considered a homonym of tritonia cuvier )
, not available , published in a work which does not consistently use binominal nomenclature ( iczn art . 11 . 4 ) )
linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 734 [ details ]
( of tritonellium valenciennes , 1858 ) valenciennes a . ( 1858 ) note sur une suite intéressante de coquilles rapportées des mers du japon , et de la manche de tartarie , par m . le dr barthe . compte rendu des séances de l ' académie des sciences [ paris ] 46 : 759 - 762 . [ after 19 april 1858 ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 762 [ details ]
montfort p . [ denys de ] . ( 1808 - 1810 ) . conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles . paris : schoell . vol . 1 : pp . lxxxvii + 409 [ 1808 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 676 + 16 [ 1810 ( before 28 may ) ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 463 [ details ]
( of reticubuccinum ito & habe , 1980 ) obis indo - pacific molluscan database . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 740 [ details ]
distribution range : 76°n to 36 . 8°n ; 83°w to 0°w . distribution : greenland ; greenland : west greenland ; canada ; canada : queen elizabeth . . .
distribution range : 76°n to 36 . 8°n ; 83°w to 0°w . distribution : greenland ; greenland : west greenland ; canada ; canada : queen elizabeth islands , baffin island , labrador , newfoundland , quebec , new brunswick ; usa : maine , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , new jersey , delaware , maryland , virginia [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
bromley , j . e . c . , and j . s . bleakney . ( 1984 ) . keys to the fauna and flora of minas basin . national research council of canada report 24119 . 366 p . [ details ]
gosner , k . l . ( 1971 ) . guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates : cape hatteras to the bay of fundy . john wiley & sons , inc . 693 p . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
linkletter , l . e . ( 1977 ) . a checklist of marine fauna and flora of the bay of fundy . huntsman marine laboratory , st . andrews , n . b . 68 : p . [ details ]
rosenberg , g . 2004 . malacolog version 3 . 3 . 2 : western atlantic gastropod database . the academy of natural sciences , philadelphia , pa . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
thomas , m . l . h . ( ed . ) . 1983 . marine and coastal systems of the quoddy region , new brunswick . canadian special publication of fisheries and aquatic sciences 64 . 306 p . [ details ]
muller , y . ( 2004 ) . faune et flore du littoral du nord , du pas - de - calais et de la belgique : inventaire . [ coastal fauna and flora of the nord , pas - de - calais and belgium : inventory ] . commission régionale de biologie région nord pas - de - calais : france . 307 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
abbott r . t . ( 1974 ) . american seashells . the marine mollusca of the atlantic and pacific coast of north america . ed . 2 . van nostrand , new york . 663 pp . , 24 pls . [ october 1974 ] . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
trott , t . j . ( 2004 ) . cobscook bay inventory : a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years . northeastern naturalist . 11 , 261 - 324 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
howson , c . m . ; picton , b . e . ( 1997 ) . the species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the british isles and surrounding seas . ulster museum publication , 276 . the ulster museum : belfast , uk . isbn 0 - 948150 - 06 - 8 . vi , 508 ( + cd - rom ) pp . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 740 [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
turgeon , d . ; quinn , j . f . ; bogan , a . e . ; coan , e . v . ; hochberg , f . g . ; lyons , w . g . ; mikkelsen , p . m . ; neves , r . j . ; roper , c . f . e . ; rosenberg , g . ; roth , b . ; scheltema , a . ; thompson , f . g . ; vecchione , m . ; williams , j . d . ( 1998 ) . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd ed . american fisheries society special publication , 26 . american fisheries society : bethesda , md ( usa ) . isbn 1 - 888569 - 01 - 8 . ix , 526 + cd - rom pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
maris , t . ; beauchard , o . ; van damme , s . ; van den bergh , e . ; wijnhoven , s . ; meire , p . ( 2013 ) . referentiematrices en ecotoopoppervlaktes annex bij de evaluatiemethodiek schelde - estuarium studie naar “ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index” . monitor taskforce publication series , 2013 - 01 . nioz : yerseke . 35 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
bruguière j . g . ( 1789 - 1792 ) . encyclopdie méthodique ou par ordre de matières . histoire naturelle des vers , volume 1 . pancoucke , paris . pp . 1 - 344 [ june 1789 ] ; 345 - 758 [ 13 feb . 1792 ; dates after evenhuis , 2003 , zootaxa , 166 : 37 ; zootaxa , 207 ] ; atlas pl . 1 - 189 [ 1791 ] ; pl . 190 - 286 [ 1797 ] pl . 287 - 390 [ 1798 ] pl . 391 - 488 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of tritonium groenlandicum mörch , 1857 ) mørch o . a . ( 1857 ) . fortegnelse over grønlands bløddyr . [ in ] rink , grønland geographisk og statistik beskrivet . kjøbenhavn , louis klein : 75 - 100 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 84 [ details ]
turgeon , d . ; quinn , j . f . ; bogan , a . e . ; coan , e . v . ; hochberg , f . g . ; lyons , w . g . ; mikkelsen , p . m . ; neves , r . j . ; roper , c . f . e . ; rosenberg , g . ; roth , b . ; scheltema , a . ; thompson , f . g . ; vecchione , m . ; williams , j . d . ( 1998 ) . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd ed . american fisheries society special publication , 26 . american fisheries society : bethesda , md ( usa ) . isbn 1 - 888569 - 01 - 8 . ix , 526 + cd - rom pp . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 94 [ details ]
bouchet , p . ; warén , a . ( 1985 ) . revision of the northeast atlantic bathyal and abyssal neogastropoda excluding turridae ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . bollettino malacologico . supplement 1 : 121 - 296 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
gofas , s . ; luque , á . a . ; templado , j . ; salas , c . ( 2017 ) . a national checklist of marine mollusca in spanish waters . scientia marina . 81 ( 2 ) : 241 - 254 , and supplementary online material . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
linnaeus , c . ( 1761 ) . fauna suecica sistens animalia sueciae regni : mammalia , aves , amphibia , pisces , insecta , vermes . distributa per classes , ordines , genera , species , cum differentiis specierum , synonymis auctorum , nominibus incolarum , locis natalium , descriptionibus insectorum . editio altera , auctior . stockholmiae : l . salvii , 48 + 578 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 523 [ details ]
distribution range : 80°n to 50°n ; 130°w to 0°w . distribution : greenland ; greenland : west greenland , east greenland ; canada ; canada : queen . . .
distribution range : 80°n to 50°n ; 130°w to 0°w . distribution : greenland ; greenland : west greenland , east greenland ; canada ; canada : queen elizabeth islands , baffin island , hudson bay , gulf of st . lawrence , quebec , southern gaspe waters ( baie des chaleurs , gaspe bay to american , orphan and bradelle banks ; eastern boundary : eastern bradelle valley ) [ details ]
brunel , p . ; bosse , l . ; lamarche , g . ( 1998 ) . catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and gulf of st . lawrence . canadian special publication of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 126 . 405 p . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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common in the north sea and other shelf seas bordering the north atlantic ocean . whelks occur as far south as brittany ( france ) and up into the arctic region ( taylor & taylor , 1977 ) and the species lives at both the western and eastern border of the north atlantic .
hancock , d . a . - 1967 . whelks . laboratory leaflet , fisheries laboratory , burnham - on - crouch , essex , u . k . . 14 pp . .
hayward , p . j . & ryland , j . s . - 1995 . handbook of the marine fauna of north - west europe . oxford : oxford university press .
hayward , p . j . , wigham , g . d . & yonow , n . - 1990 . mollusca i : polyplacophora , scaphopoda , and gastropoda . in : the marine fauna of teh british isles and north - west europe , vol . 2 . molluscs to chordates . p . j . hayward & j . s . ryland ( eds ) . clarendon press , oxford .
santarelli , l . , g . véron & j . huet - 1986 . exploitation du buccin dans le golfe normano - breton . la pêche maritime . . 65 : 48 - 52 . .
taylor , j . d . & n . taylor - 1977 . latitudinal distribution of predatory gastropods on the eastern atlantic shelf . j . biogeogr . . 4 : 73 - 81 . .
m . j . de kluijver , s . s . ingalsuo & r . h . de bruyne
found on soft bottoms , in rather deep water ( around the british isles 100 - 150 m deep ) .
apparently rare . animals have been found between the mediterranean and norway . round the british isles records off the shetlands , the hebrides , and west and south ireland (
graham , alastair f . r . s . , 1988 . molluscs : prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods . synopses of the british fauna ( ns ) , 2 : 1 - 662 .
jeffreys , j . g . , 1869 . british conchology . vol . v - 258 pp . van voorst , london .
poppe , g . t . & y . goto , 1991 . european seashells . vol . i . 352 pp . wiesbaden / verlag christa hemmen .
seaward , d . r . , 1990 . distribution of the marine molluscs of north west europe . nature conservancy council .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
the waved whelk , or common northern whelk , can be found in the north atlantic along the coastline of north america from new jersey northward , the coastline of greenland , the coastline of europe from france northward , the coastlines of norway , the british isles , iceland , and the coastlines of some islands in the arctic ocean ( george and george 1979 , grzimek 1972 , ghiselin 2000 ) .
waved whelks occupy coastlines within the range described above from the tide level to 180 meters depth . they live in the mud and sand of these areas on the ocean floor ( ghiselin 2000 , george - george 1979 , grzimek 1972 , anderson 1988 ) .
sexes are separate , and the male has a penis which transfers sperm to the female , where internal fertilization occurs . there are two types of sperm produced by the male whelk . the first is the viable euspermatozoa , which are the functional gametes that will unite with the egg in the reproductive tract of the female . accompanying these are paraspermatozoa , which have multiple external tails and help to control and assist in the movement of the viable sperm , as well as provide them with nutrients . after fertilized eggs emerge from the oviduct , they are coated in mucus and approximately 1000 are contained in a flexible capsule . these capsules are then released into piles . of the 1000 eggs in a capsule , only about 10 undergo full development , the rest providing nutrition . snails hatch from these capsules fully developed ( anderson 1988 , grzimek 1972 ) .
this species actively seeks out is living prey and carrion , using chemoreceptors for sensing and the foot for locomotion . when disturbed it may withdraw into its shell and use the foot ' s hard surface , called the operculum , to seal the shells aperture ( ghiselin 2000 ) .
on the coast of north america fishermen often use the body of the whelk without the shell as bait for cod . in the past fishermen have been known to use the egg capsule of the whelk as
sea soap
to clean their hands . in europe and scandinavia the waved whelk serves as a food source for humans . we also receive the indirect benefit of the scavenging habits of the whelk in the disposal of carrion on the ocean floor ( grzinek 1972 , brusca 1990 ) .
the northern whelk is found readily in along the coasts of its geographic range in large numbers , especially in north america , probably due in part to its excellent and complex reproductive adaptations ( anderson 1988 , ghiselin 2000 , u . s . fish and wildlife 2000 , sea world education dep . 2000 ) .
one interesting note is that hermit crabs frequently use the empty shells of whelks ( grzinek 1972 ) .
zech carter ( author ) , southwestern university , stephanie fabritius ( editor ) , southwestern university .
the body of water between europe , asia , and north america which occurs mostly north of the arctic circle .
the body of water between africa , europe , the southern ocean ( above 60 degrees south latitude ) , and the western hemisphere . it is the second largest ocean in the world after the pacific ocean .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .