xenos is a genus of insects belonging to the family stylopidae .

the word derives from the greek word for strange .

a species of the genus is xenos vesparum , first described by pietro rossi in 1793the females are permanent entomophagous endoparasites of polistes paper wasps .

they dwell their whole lives in the abdomens of wasps .

xenos ( insect )

twisted - winged insect ( xenos sp . ) parasites - xenos - bugguide . net
new findings on sperm ultrastructure of xenos vesparum ( rossi ) ( strepsiptera , insecta ) .
new findings on sperm ultrastructure of xenos vesparum ( rossi ) ( strepsiptera , insecta ) . - pubmed - ncbi
rogue traders , and a few other individuals , have the power to do more , and do so legitimately . these men and women , freed from the normal strictures and feudal requirements of the imperium , have the influence and authority to make peaceful contact with xenos species for trade , temporary alliance or even to hire them as mercenaries . in some cases , an allied xenos may almost become a trusted companion , highly valued for its skills . individuals with trusted xenos allies may find that the normal laws and doctrines against consorting with xenos hamper their operations , and in regions on the fringes of the imperium , like the calixis sector , a method of sanctioning xenos allies has come about to ease these difficulties .
synths count as xenos . this means that non - citizen synths will promote xenophobia , and the xenophile faction will be angry if the synths are slaves .
when my leader died i had an automatic election . my preservation movement faction had a - 20 % happy
leader is a xenos
penalty during this time .
playing fanatic purifier , i have had robots for a while now . suddenly all robots began to disassemble themselves . probably something to do with population rights , as everything and everyone are seen as undesirables and i just took few planes with xenos . the robots began to disassemble themselves one day after the xenos began to be purged .
however , an insect viewing the world in fewer but larger chunks of the visual field would seem to have an inverted , mirror - image problem . like any simple lens , each eyelet inverts or reverses its individual portion of the overall image . without some means of correction , the parasitic insect trying to read the first three words of this sentence and seeing each word with one of its eyelets might instead read tuohtiw emos snaem .
the larger lenses of the strepsipteran insects are similar to a large lens of a camera ,
buschbeck explained .
large insect lenses admit more light , support more photoreceptors and permit higher resolution . another important condition for vision is that the image is focused on the retina ( just as the camera lens image should be focused on the film ) and we have confirmed this with measurements made through the insect ' s lens .
research resulting in the science article ,
chunk versus point sampling : visual imaging in a small insect ,
was supported by grants from the u . s . national institutes of health and from the deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft .
in the broadest of terms , no human may interact with a xenos creature in any way except violently—such creatures are inherently blasphemous against the god - emperor and must be eliminated on sight without exception . from a young age , citizens of the imperium are taught to fear and hate the xenos , and innumerable legions of imperial guardsmen are taught of the superiority of man over all inhuman things as they are drilled in the use of lasgun and bayonet . the number of xenos who have set foot upon human worlds peacefully and survived is small indeed .
the compound eyes of most insects have many hundreds of lens facets , each sampling only one small point in the insect ' s visual field , but the composite lens eyes of strepsipteran insects have no more than 50 facets .
the need for a tiny insect eye to gather lots of light and bring images into sharp focus on the receptors may explain the advantage of the eyes that deliver images in chunks instead of points ,
buschbeck says .
this composite lens arrangement allows the insect to have many more photoreceptors in a given area than would be possible with a compound eye . if you only have so much space on your head for eyes and you want to gather the most light , you want a composite lens eye ,
she says .
i pulled the image down and tinkered with it in photoshop . looks like a spent puparium on the left and a female ( to me at least ) on the right . probably xenos , but please wait for further confirmation . nice find !
bug ' s - eye view . eyelets in strepsiptera each process a chunk of visual information , as opposed to the single points registered by the facets in compound insect eyes . individual retinae invert the separate chunks as shown above . in reality , though , there is most likely less overlap between them .
ithaca , n . y . - - an unusual type of eye - - resembling a tiny raspberry and possibly following a design principle that vanished with the extinction of trilobites hundreds of millions of years ago - - lives today in a parasitic insect , cornell university biologists report in the nov . 5 issue of the journal science .
xenos ( pronounced zee - nos ) is a high gothic term used by the people and adepta of the imperium of man that means
stranger
and
alien .
it is often used by the adeptus terra to signify enemy alien or off - world , non - human forces . the main xenos races in the milky way galaxy are the dark eldar , eldar , necrons , orks , tau and tyranids , though there are countless other intelligent alien species , most of them hostile , that mankind has encountered over the long millennia of its expansion across the stars .
these sanctioned xenos are still regarded with caution and hostility by most , but this is unsurprising— even the sanctioned psykers of the imperium are still subject to the prejudice against witches that is so readily promoted in the imperium . however , so long as they remain in the company of an ally who can vouch for their service ( assorted documentation in copious amounts is provided for this purpose ) , and agree to be visibly marked to prove that they are sanctioned - - this mark is typically a brand or tattoo on the face or hands , where it can be clearly seen - - they may continue existing . the permanence of such a mark is of no concern - - without a human employer to vouch for the xenos , the mark is essentially meaningless , and should the xenos cease to serve the imperium , its life is forfeit anyway , and the creature is slain as soon as possible .
xenos is a word that originated from the greek language . the most common definition is
stranger .
however , it can be interpreted in different ways , depending upon who is using it or what situation it is being used in , producing variant meanings such as
enemy
or
foreigner .
as rare as sanctioning is , it is recognised in many of the more well - travelled parts of the calixis sector and the settled worlds of the koronus expanse . as the required mark is very similar to that which identifies sanctioned psykers , it quickly becomes apparent what the mark means to those with any knowledge of the structure of the imperium . it is still wise to be cautious in bringing even a sanctioned xenos to a human world ; those who will understand the nature of the mark and the notion of sanctioning are still a minority , and a xenos creature will spread only fear and anger by its presence amongst the common masses of mankind .
gykon - the gykon were an intelligent xenos species mentioned by the warmaster horus during the great crusade , when he debriefed captain garviel loken of the luna wolves ' 10th company . horus mentioned the gykon after loken reported that one of his space marines became a daemonhost during a battle with the last of the insurgents on planet 63 - 19 .
we ' re certainly not claiming that this insect descended from the trilobites or anything like that ,
hoy commented .
what strepsipteran insects and trilobites have in common is that they are arthropods - - but so are lobsters and crabs and all the other insects - - and that the structures of their eyes appear analogous - - at least from what one can tell from the body surface of ancient fossils .
no other insect that we know of has eyes quite like this ,
said ron hoy , professor of neurobiology and behavior at cornell and co - author , with cornell postdoctoral associates elke buschbeck and birgit ehmer , of the science report .
the only place one may see a comparable eye structure is in the fossils of some kinds of trilobites ,
he says , referring to the extinct arthropods that lived in shallow seas during the paleozoic era .
the eyes of x . peckii , however , are a compromise between these two extremes . they have a few , large facets and instead of detecting points of light the ommatidia each create an actual image of part of the eye’s field of view . the resulting mosaic of slightly overlapping images is then stitched together by the insect’s brain . this unusual arrangement results in both high resolution and a broad view of the world , using a pair of eyes that do not take up much space .
not all sentient species are posed to seize the galaxy for themselves . hundreds have failed to even prevent their own extinction . despite this , the galaxy continues to offer a great diversity of alien life in a myriad of forms , all struggling to survive and leave their mark in an increasingly hostile and cruel universe . below is listed a sample of some of the extinct and still - existing minor xenos species that inhabit the milky way galaxy :
after shedding the mortal flesh final event every non - synth pop in my empire turned into a machine , even a pre - ftl race i had enslaved to improve mineral output . they still had star - shock modifier , those filthy xenos weren ' t worthy of ascension and i lost all the value of their slave labor ! edit : i did augment the slave species to get more minerals out of them so that might have something to do with it . still makes me sad to loose them : (
in the long millennia since mankind first began to settle amongst the stars , some human colonists have deviated to a great degree from the base - line human genome due to exposure to the alien environments of their homeworlds and long centuries of isolation from the rest of humanity during the age of strife . these sub - species of humanity often differ in physical and cultural terms from the human baseline to such an extent that they are almost as inhuman as true xenos . these variant human sub - species are generally referred to by the administratum as abhumans .
it is not recorded exactly when the human race learned that it was not alone in the galaxy , or which intelligent alien species it first made contact with , but what is known in early imperial records is that humanity has been competing with xenos since the dark age of technology . the first human interstellar civilisation which existed at that time made contact with many alien races , possibly including the eldar and the orks , but the majority must have been hostile or incapable of co - habitating with humans as no aliens are known to have ever willingly integrated into the broader interstellar human civilisation of this time .
the imperium of man ' s extreme xenophobia and outright call for genocide against all other intelligent species in the galaxy is in some ways justified by the sheer hopeless belligerence of most xenos races encountered since the great crusade . almost all alien races encountered by mankind since the emperor first began to push his forces out amongst the stars have been so malevolent or aggressive toward humanity that any form of negotiation or parley often proved impossible . other instances , such as during the imperium ' s first encounter with the human - alien alliance known as the diasporex , would end in violence because of the inherent distrust the imperium had for all alien civilisations even if there was common ground that could be found .
kroot - the kroot are a species of savage humanoids who are a member species of the tau empire and who evolved from avian precursors . a unique feature of the kroot is that they evolve by selecting traits of their defeated foes to absorb by eating them , unleashing the only known form of lamarckian selection ever discovered by the imperium among a xenos species . kroot who prey extensively on a particular species will begin to take on the anatomical and mental characteristics of that creature . when absorbing the dna in this manner of sentient species such as orks and humans , they may also take on cultural aspects of that race as well . in order to gather genetic material from all over the galaxy , the kroot offer themselves as mercenaries , and sell their services to anyone willing to pay them . they travel the galaxy taking limited contracts from both major and minor races and are regularly employed by the tau .
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dallai r 1 , beani l , kathirithamby j , lupetti p , afzelius ba .
dipartimento di biologia evolutiva , university of siena , via a moro 2 , it - 53100 siena , italy . dallai @ urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
strepsiptera is a known parasite of polistes fuscatus - i am looking for confirmation and possible further identification of parasites in this image .
moved from id request . thanks jeff ! thanks blaine ! you guys are awesome !
is the genus found in polistes , yes . these are the empty puparia of males , as females remain in the host .
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only a madman deals with the alien . only a fool relies on the alien . only the dead have trusted the alien , although the last may be deluded into claiming that they yet live .
at its inception , the imperium of man made one of its core objectives the extermination of all alien life forms that posed any threat to humanity . thus many species suffered extinction at the hands of the newborn imperium which perpetrated one act of genocide after another . this would also apply to the majority of human civilisations encountered during the course of the great crusade like the interex and diasporex civilisations , which had founded cultures where alien and human populations had successfully integrated into a single whole . diplomacy was rarely tried , and was more often offered only to other human civilisations encountered in the course of the great crusade . certain aliens , such as the eldar , who were more technologically advanced than the imperium were often simply left alone so long as they did not threaten human interests .
much of the imperium , led by the religious fervour of the adeptus ministorum , believe in the extermination of all aliens , even those that are entirely peaceful species . when the masses are stirred to such fear and fanaticism , they demand destruction over any kind of cooperation or coexistence . this might seem like a harsh measure , but it is an age where ignorance is a virtue and brute force is used to solve a multitude of problems ; the dangers of failing to act are too unthinkable to elicit any other response . it has not become this way without reason ; most aliens encountered by mankind are hostile and devious , and some have proven as ruthless and ambitious as humanity itself . to them , there is no room in the galaxy for the imperium .
within the calixis sector , obtaining such sanctioning is an expensive and challenging matter ; there are few who will even concede that such a practice exists , let alone perform it . a handful of administratum ordinates in port wander provide the service , having been recruited for such a purpose by interested inquisitors , whose purity is tested on a regular basis to monitor potential contamination . their identities are not widely known , and the service itself must be specifically requested , as they will not offer it otherwise .
the threat of discord - perhaps the most insidious threat the alien can pose to the imperium is through the deviancy of its ways and ideas , exposure to which might inspire envy , apostasy , or even adoration , leading humanity away from the imperial fold and into heresy and rebellion . the imperial creed is the greatest weapon against such wrong - thinking . but the further from the centres of civilization one goes , the more the risk of mental and moral contamination increases .
the threat of temptation - the alien is a thing of lies and false promises , offering gifts and trinkets , powerful technology , or alliances - - all of which are ready lures for the weak - minded , avaricious , or infirm of faith . there is a shameful roll call of traitors and deviants who have succumbed to such temptations in the past . the dubious treasures and lost secrets of xeno - civilizations long extinct can hold equal threat for those who disturb their resting places .
the threat of corruption - the alien can pose a threat of bodily taint and corruption just as easily as the powers of the warp . this taint may take the form of parasitism for the purpose of vile promulgation of its own species or to appease its hunger , such as with the lacrymole . alternately there is the crime of transgenic blasphemy ; the deliberate combination of human and nonhuman dna or tissue falls into this category .
the threat of dominion - some xeno - forms have dark powers to dominate and control humanity by psychic or other means , perhaps even forcing others to worship them as false gods . abhorred creatures such as the nostrafex , the simulacra , and the cryptos pose insidious and subtle dangers , turning humans against their own and treating them as little more than cattle or playthings .
the threat of destruction - some aliens seek to invade , conquer , and destroy by overt means , from the murderous swathes cut by great ork waaaghs to the invasions of the enigmatic thyrrus . likewise , some non - sentient species , be they dangerous predators like the feared void - cacaradon or ecology - destroying vermin such as the xothic blood locust , are simply too hazardous to be allowed to live whenever encountered .
though there have been hundreds of sentient species in the galaxy ' s long history , only a handful have ever managed to build vast interstellar empires beyond their respective homeworlds . even fewer have ever been powerful enough to rule the galaxy for any length of time . while mankind is the current dominant species of the milky way galaxy , it was not the first , and it is constantly challenged from without by rival species who envy its position of power . what distinguishes these races from the myriad of lesser intelligent species is the fact they are all currently too powerful for the imperium of man to exterminate like so many others :
eldar - the eldar are an ancient , but dying humanoid race whose technology remains far more advanced than that of the imperium . the eldar once possessed a galaxy - spanning empire that exceeded even the imperium of man in size and strength . after the fall of the eldar shattered their civilisation , the eldar were reduced to a refugee population as the majority of the race now exists in worldships known as craftworlds drifting across the galaxy . the eldar hold humanity , or the
mon - keigh
as they refer to humans , in disdain as it was the death of their empire that allowed mankind to rise during the great crusade , yet they also assist the imperium against common foes like chaos and the tyranids whenever it suits their own purposes .
necrons - the necrons are a race so old that even the eldar would consider them ancient , possessed of technologies so advanced they defy the comprehension of the imperium ' s best savants . the necrons have lain dormant deep beneath their tomb worlds for millions of terran years . they have only begun to reawaken in the last few centuries of the 41st millennium . cybernetic and virtually indestructible , necrons have been emerging from their ancient tomb worlds across the galaxy to slaughter and kill the unsuspecting denizens of the galaxy , determined to reestablish their ancient galactic empire and eliminate all of the lesser races that have taken their rightful place .
orks - the orks are a hyper - violent species of hulking green - skinned humanoids who have existed as long as the eldar , yet continue to be a powerful force in the galaxy due to the durability of their own biology , if not their civilisations . universally perceived as a crude and savage species by all of the other intelligent races of the galaxy , this is for the most part an accurate assessment . often fighting for the sheer sake of the joy they find in violence , the orks are in a constant state of war with the other races of the galaxy and themselves . due to the peculiar adaptability and efficiency of their reproductive spores , orks may be the only species in the galaxy truly immune to extinction , and are more akin to an infestation than a species .
demiurg - an intelligent alien race of short , stocky humanoid traders and asteroid miners , they are almost purely space - borne in their massive and majestic commerce vessels . their history is unconfirmed , as are their origins , intentions and current threat to others . all that is known about them is based at best on speculation . the demiurg are known to have allied with the tau , serving as trading partners of the tau empire . they were initially introduced to the tau via their mutual relations with the kroot . from the demiurg , the tau acquired their knowledge of ion cannon technology , which is now heavily used by the tau in their armies and fleets . two brotherhoods of demiurg , the srry ' tok and thurm , are known to have joined the tau empire outright .
galg - the galg are a frog - like amphibious alien species who often serve as mercenaries for the tau empire . members of the galg race are covered in green scales and appear to most humans as large , humanoid frogs . the tau empire normally maintains a small number of galg mercenaries within their ranks but galgs can be found in the employ of many different factions across the galaxy as long as the price is right . as with most alien species , the galgs hate mankind , even when humans serve as their employers , because of the imperium ' s intolerance for all intelligent alien races .
tarellians - the tarrelians are a minor reptiloid species . anatomically they are narrow - waisted and possess broad shoulders , while they stand slightly shorter on average than humans . because of their long snouts and their predilection for working as mercenaries , they are often referred to as tarellian
dog - soldiers
by humans . during the great crusade , imperial expeditionary fleets virus - bombed most of the tarellian homeworlds , almost wiping out the entire species . this has resulted in the tarellians bearing a grudge and eternal enmity towards the imperium that has lasted for ten millennia . in 998 . m41 , a tarellian civilisation was devoured by the tyranid hive fleet moloch during its advance from the galactic north and the kiltor sector .
tushepta - the tushepta are an alien race spoken of during the great crusade by the warmaster horus during his debriefing of loken , the captain of the luna wolves ' 10th company , after one of his space marines became a daemonhost during a battle with the last of the insurgents on planet 63 - 19 .
vespid - the vespid are a vaguely insectoid species , though this narrow term is an imperfect one that fails to account for many aspects of their unusual physiology . their bodies are encased in a chitinous exoskeleton and sport many lethally sharp barbs . they see by way of three pairs of eyes , one pair perceiving the ultraviolet range , one the normal visible spectrum , and the last the infrared . it is assumed that the vespids see in all three ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum simultaneously , and therefore have a perception of their surroundings unique to their race . vespids can fly by way of a pair of hard chitin wings , which also emit a continuous ultrasonic tone with which the species appears able to modulate and control the workings of their crystal - based technology . the vespids are a member species of the tau empire .
ogryn ( homo sapiens gigantus ) are a huge and physically powerful abhuman mutant subspecies of humans , often employed as shock troopers in the imperial guard by the imperium of man . ogryns possess many traits prized by the imperium ; they are brutally strong and completely loyal , although extremely limited intellectually , which limits their battlefield role to simple and direct assaults . they come from cold and barren planets in the galaxy with high gravity , such as anark zeta , which is why they appear larger , heavier and bulkier compared to baseline humans . an ogryn ' s speech is much the same as an ork ' s . the most famous ogryn in imperial service is nork deddog .
ratlings ( homo sapiens minimus ) are small , loud , hungry and lecherous abhumans . ratlings are granted full imperial citizenship despite their mutant status and in the past have often served in the regiments of the imperial guard . however , they are still distrusted by the more puritanical members of the inquisition .
dark heresy : disciples of the dark gods ( rpg ) , pg . 71
rogue trader : fallen suns ( rpg ) , pp . 43 - 55 , 62 - 67
rogue trader : edge of the abyss ( rpg ) , pp . 70 - 74
rogue trader : the navis primer ( rpg ) , pp . 133 - 135
rogue trader : the koronus bestiary ( rpg ) , pp . 85 - 91
rogue trader : stars of inequity ( rpg ) , pg . 48 - 49 , 82
warhammer 40 , 000 rulebook ( 6th edition ) , pp . 196 - 213
white dwarf 173 ( us ) ,
eldar pheonix lords
, pp . 6 - 9
white dwarf 172 ( us ) ,
the eldar
, pp . 5 - 16
white dwarf 124 ( us ) ,
eldar : jes goodwin ' s sketch book ,
pp . 30 - 33
white dwarf 105 ( us ) ,
harlequins
by graeme davis , pp . 35 - 46
the horus heresy , book three : extermination by alan bligh , pp . 151 - 152
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that is great for finding a mate . it is also exactly what makers of smartphones want for their cameras . at the moment , smartphones often have what is known as a “camera bump”—a bulge in the case to house the optics . build a camera that mimics x . peckii ’s eye and you could remove that bump . which is what the fraunhofer team hope to do .
fraunhofer is an organisation with institutes all over germany . in this case the lead is being taken by the institute for applied optics and precision engineering , in jena , though other sites are involved as well . so far , the project’s researchers have succeeded in making a camera with 135 facets that is only 2mm thick but has a resolution of one megapixel .
true , that resolution is dwarfed by the 12 megapixels available on the latest iphone 7 , but the iphone’s camera still requires a bump even to fit into the generous dimensions of the phone’s 7 . 1mm - thick case . and one megapixel is only a start . the group believe that their facetvision camera , as they call it , can be boosted to four megapixels . at that resolution it would be good not only for leisure use , but also for a number of industrial and medical applications . besides phones , it might be fitted to probes , to small sensors and even to robots , to give them vision .
the initial facetvision camera was made using a vapour - deposition process similar to the one employed to make computer chips . this has limitations , and is expensive for mass - production . for high - volume applications , such as smartphones , the researchers are therefore trying to adapt the process to the way cameras for phones are made at the moment . this employs injection moulding to form the lenses ; those lenses are then placed over the light - sensors in a separate operation . using this production technology the group think it will be possible to build a facetvision camera that has several small lenses placed next to each other . the result would be around 3 . 5mm thick , so would fit easily inside the case of the thinnest smartphone—and , by being able to use more powerful sensors , would boast a resolution greater than ten megapixels .
a smartphone using this camera would have to run special software to combine the images—much as x . peckii ’s brain does . but elaborate image - processing already happens in such phones , so that should not be hard . moreover , since the multiple lenses each capture slightly different aspects of the image being snapped , lots of other tricks might be possible , too . watch out , then , for a bug’s eye view on facebook , snapchat or instagram .
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here we go again . a new dlc , a new update , numerous chances for new bugs !
hive mind races still get the pirates event chain despite this not making any sense for a hive minded race . the flavour text needs to be tweaked to refer to general space pirates and not members of your own hive mind species who by definition can ' t rebel .
i feel there should be a lot of flavor text tweaks for hive minds . how is my planet abuzz with hype when we discover alien life ? don ' t we kinda all figure it out at once and deal with it all in the same way ?
don ' t think hive mind lore texts got looked at at all , except the introductory piece .
same , having played two hive mind games . half a dozen or more planets , no pirates in sight . when encountering other pirates , i got a special project to investigate them .
when conquering planets with lower - tier robots they do not upgrade to droids / synths and ( at least after researching synths ) cannot be disassembled , making it impossible to get rid of them .
not sure whether this is a bug but it ' s mighty annoying when my main species has evolved to synths and would produce significantly more resources .
but as a non - materialistic empire , i can ' t actually give them citizen rights , which leaves me with an increase of
i hate aliens
because i built machines . i don ' t think this is working correctly .
i play xenophobic isolationists ( fanatic pasifist , xenophobe ) . i have built hundreds of droids but didnt upgraded them to snyths . and this event chain popped up . after i choose the 2nd option , a growing droid pop have been removed . i ' m not sure this is a bug or not , but i think this event chain should ' nt pop in this situation
this . this is the most annoying bug i ' ve found so far . i tried with console and it still wouldn ' t change .
this sounds like it got fixed in the 1 . 5 . 1 hotfix beta
pre - existing synths become bugged after finishing
synthetic evolution
, i ' m assuming they were meant to be merged with the primary species upon completing the tech but instead you simply lose the ability to change their rights and privileges . ( it seems like you can , but it doesn ' t have any affect )
upon conquering a planet from hive species the hive race will not begin to auto purge if you disable the ship shelter / colony .
hive species being auto purged will count as
treating other races differently
to pacifist factions ( they will get upset ) .
i was at peace for 70 years , had no militaristic ethos or attraction , then 6 months at war i suddenly had a military industrial complex .
megastructures are incredibly underwhelming , especially the tech structure . it took 4 years and a stupid number of resources to get + 15 , + 15 , + 15 . maybe make it a % bonus ? or just up the base values ?
the limit on only building one megastructure at a time is also unnecessarily limiting . at least allow multiple upon acquiring the
master builders
ascension perk .
you still have to
build wide
to win due to naval size being proportional to shipyards . maybe a shipyard mega structure ?
fully upgraded it will give you + 50 for all three researches , but it ' s still underwhelming .
yeah i was playing a research focus empire and i had ~ 300 of each by that point , it ' s good it ' s just not worth the time , resources and ascension perks .
if you ' re playing very tall , it can totally be worth it . it ' s just not very useful in other situations , which is the point : megastructures are most useful for playing tall .
but as i said in the first post , tall still isn ' t viable due to naval size being heavily based on number of shipyards . if you want to compete with fallen / awakened empires ~ 80k fleets you need to build wide .
there ' s an ascension perk for that that adds 200 naval capacity , which can be further augmented by techs that boost percentages , as well as edicts . throw in the bonus damage to fallen empires and you ' ll be fine .
oh shit i forgot about that perk , that ' s a good idea .
democratic crusaders form opinions based on election type , not authority type . hive minds and imperial empires have no elections , giving the - 100 modifier . oligarchies and dictatorships have oligarchic elections , giving the - 50 modifier .
i mean , the immortal hive rules completely over the non - sentient drones .
and i rule completely over my blood cells . does that make me an authoritarian tyrant ?
is that a thing ? i ' ve only unlocked habitats in my current game , but i was able to build 4 of those at a time .
habitats aren ' t a megastructure , as far as i know . only ring worlds / dyson spheres / sentry arrays / science nexuses are .
there is the ascension perk that ' s + 300 naval capacity . so that helps .
after synthetic evolution is completed , pre - existing synths and your new synths count separately towards growth . on a planet with both , i ' m getting 2 growth per month , on a planet with only new synths , just 1 per month .
i ' m not complaining , per se , because the growth is awesome , and a way to grow synths faster would be nice ( and auto - grow pops , in the case of synthetic ascension ) , i just doubt this is intentional .
i played as a refugee friendly nation and a hivemind pop decided to flee from his oppressors to my homeworld . the purge started right away and my biggest faction went crazy .
think of it as your pops not realizing / understanding that these people ( who obviously fled from the hivemind of their own accord . . . ) are just dying for lack of connection to their central consciousness . it - looks - like a purge because
we ' re not doing anything to save them ! we should be helping them !
setting population controls on a species that has already started growing a new pop
freezes
the pop . meaning that you ' re stuck with a worthless half grown pop that takes up space and never goes away . so you have to time it perfectly if you don ' t want that to happen . if the growing pop disappeared or deteriorated that would be better .
to expand on this , it would be great to reintroduce a feature similar to the purge button . i ' m stuck with a couple of arctic planets that i ' ve transferred all but one synth out of , and don ' t want to purge all synths .
i ' m the fourth . i verified the install , redo loaded the game and used no mods ( at first i had some music mods active but i tried again without them and then installed the game again ) for my last try . i had a perfect game and realised way to late that there were no achievements for me : (
yep , me too . it ' s annoying because i got some achievements when i first got the game . i figured i could play an ironman game while waiting for mods to get updated for 1 . 5 / utopia . no dice .
as of 1 . 5 . 1 i still don ' t get achievements on ironman as well .
even a huge food output ( 100 + per month ) results in a negligible increase to growth rate .
migration is a huge pita . as soon as a new planet is colonized a pop from every current planet starts preparing to migrate , and they all arrive at the same time . later in the game this can mean filling a new planet all at once , and there ' s no time to prepare as the migration countdown is typically just a couple years .
coupled with the super low growth rate now that global food is a thing , migration is even worse as it takes forever to replace the moved pops .
the tradition that boosts science output per # of surveying science ships is annoying . instead of a flat percentage boost to research rate it adds
stored research
in small amounts every few ticks ( or , i guess , as long as a science ship is actively surveying something ) which means that the research duration bars jump every few days and then revert once the
stored research
is used .
more of a feedback thing : unity really needs to be useful for something other than traditions . it ' s possible to generate quite a bit of unity pretty easily , and it feels like it should be more integrated into the game as a
cost
for certain things .
again feedback : traditions & ascendancy perks feel very . . . . underwhelming . you ' d think that there would be more fanfare , more . . . idk something when your civilization achieves the first steps towards building a ringworld , for example . i haven ' t gone through the other ascendancy paths , however the megastructures perks and subsequent projects feel extremely boring . it ' s pretty much just throwing a ton of time and minerals at something and then . . . waiting .
i concur about the food and migration pieces . food appears to have no affect on growth rate at all anymore , and i currently have a pop migrating to a colony that won ' t even be a complete colony when he get there . if sectors weren ' t so bad with robots i would go that route but for me they were terrible with them .
after cleansing a planet clean through the wargoal and then purging another , one of the purged pops fled to the now uncolonized worlds . after a few ingame decades that exiled pop somehow became excluded from the species list ( that pop was the last of its kind but the race no longer showed up in the species list ) and also somehow gained the uplifted trait even though it was never uplifted .
the first one is just cool . slap an event on it and call it a feature , i say !
the random uplift thing is supposed to be fixed in 1 . 5 . 1 .
the old
alpha aliens
was replaced with the weirdo
blimps
and
jinkies
descriptors for non - xenophiles .
the fleet window thingy is what ' s bothering me the most of any bugs here . did you find any fix ?
i actually like the third one , it ' s imersion breaking , but it ' s kind of funny .
edit : please add the leader ' s age to the election information ! my next leader died 3 weeks after getting elected .
gaia world with strong magnetic field : i got a positive and negative event modifier for it the same day . event 1 , event 2
barren terraforming seems to be bugged for me . worlds with the candidate modifier don ' t have the terraforming button , but normal barren worlds do . the world , no button , its sister moon , sister moon options
i can ' t set rights for any class of robots , even ascended pops .
after ascension synth pops all get classified as undesirables even with ai - rights enabled . edit : wait after a few died they were reclassified as residence . . .
it would be nice if the game said
oh by the way : your 300 energy / month surplus ? after ascension you will be down to 7 energy / month surplus
( edit : currently every single pop is now 0 . 4 maintenance . but all defensive armies built by planets have become android armies at 0 . 8 / unit , so machines can ' t build defensive armies ? )
also , after shedding the mortal flesh final event , there ' s no way to convert newly acquired pops into synths . it would be nice if this could be done in a way similar to how genetic modification works .
same with droids and stuff i captured from other empires . you can ' t upgrade or set rights or anything which is a little annoying considering all droids become synths when you get the tech .
regarding the robots / synth ascension issues can i note that with the cybernetics trait admirals get + 15 % fire rate . when you ' upgrade ' to synths this goes down to + 5 % fire rate . all other leaders get a buff but admirals get a clear nerf .
gaia world with strong magnetic field : i got a positive and negative event modifier for it the same day . event 1 , event 2
on a likely related note , i got two
asteroid impact
events simultaneously , with doubled projects to erect an asteroid defence system .
on an unrelated note , i keep getting repeats of the anomaly that gives you either solar efficiency or a shield boost , even after having chosen both events . and i got a repeat of a
philosopher ' s texts
event while researching the first one .
when selecting fanatic authoritarian , one can still choose an oligarchy despite the game explicitly stating that under those conditions you should only be able to choose autocratic varieties of rule i . e . dictatorship or imperial power .
oligarchy is a despotic attitude , where one group : your leaders , the aristocracy , has absolute rule . i think the description should be edited , not the gameplay .
authoritarian says ' cannot use democratic government forms ' , i . e . democracy , potentially oligarchy but probably not ?
if these two are the same , they both allow oligarchies . so why is the text different ?
i disagree . egalitarian can chose between oligarchy and democracy . fanatic egalitarian can only have democracy . authoritarian can choose between oligarchy and dictatorship ( and imperial , which is the same thing ) . fanatic authoritarian should only allow dictatorship . that ' s how it worked before , too .
when you try to delete a field in the race creator ( such as backspacing your ruler ' s name or title ) it duplicates whatever was in the field before you can start deleting any text .
this also happens when using the filter text field when selecting war demands , at least when you are the one declaring a war .
the traditions menu gets messed up when using ui scaling . i had to just guess which ones to pick for my first game because i couldn ' t see what the things inside were until i unlocked it : (
i had this same problem , i hope exploration is a good tradition because i had little to no idea what the buffs from the others were .
while playing with
syncretic evolution
as a civic my slave species grew at a paces almost 3x quicker then my main species .
main species grew at 0 . 46 food each month and the slaves grew at 1 . 42 food each month .
just to piggy back onto this , one of the ai empires i encountered that had the syncretic evolution civic had about 100 of their
main
pops and then like 200 + of the
lesser
pops . when i checked their colonies , it seemed like they were settling primarily with their
lesser
pops which made them massively outnumber the primary species . not sure if this was intended , but its just kinda weird seeing worlds that could have gone to both races being exclusively taken up by the lesser species .
it ' s not a bug , but hive minds shouldn ' t be allowed to have communal as a species trait ( and happiness traits in general ) . getting a happiness boost doesn ' t make sense when your species isn ' t affected by happiness .


verilus sordidus is a species of fish in the family acropomatidae , the temperate ocean-basses or lanternbellies .

it is native to the central western atlantic ocean .

it is found in the waters off cuba to colombia and venezuela where it is found at depths shallower than 100 metres ( 330 ft ) over rocky bottoms .

this species grows to a length of 30 centimetres ( 12 in ) tl though most do not exceed 20 centimetres ( 7.9 in ) .

it can be distinguished from other fish in its genus by several characters , including villiform teeth on the upper jaw and conical teeth on the lower , with large canine teeth , and the number of spines and rays in its fins .

verilus sordidus

revision of the genus verilus ( perciformes : acropomatidae ) with a description of a new species .
verilus sordidus occurs on continental shelves and slopes over rocky bottoms ( yamanoue et al . 2009 , carvalho - filho et al . 2010 ) . the maximum total length ( tl ) is 45 . 5 cm ( richards 2006 ) .
revision of the genus verilus ( perciformes : acropomatidae ) with a description of a new species . - pubmed - ncbi
verilus sordidus is considered to be rare ( carvalho - filho et al . 2010 ) . there are 10 nominal records in fishnet2 , with up to one individual in a single lot . it is only known from a single record on the edge of the gulf of mexico region .
yamanoue , y . , g . d . johnson , and w . c . starnes . 2009 . redescription of a poorly known acropomatid , verilus sordidus poey 1860 , and comparison with neoscombrops atlanticus mochizuki and sano 1984 ( teleostei : perciformes ) . ichthyological research v . 56 ( no . 4 ) : 400 - 406 .
western central atlantic : cuba to the northern coast of colombia and to venezuela .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 30 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 26340 ) ; common length : 20 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5217 )
cervigón , f . , 1993 . los peces marinos de venezuela . volume 2 . fundación científica los roques , caracas , venezuela . 497 p . ( ref . 9626 )
) : 25 . 3 - 28 . 1 , mean 27 ( based on 108 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 7500 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01096 ( 0 . 00489 - 0 . 02459 ) , b = 3 . 02 ( 2 . 83 - 3 . 21 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 8 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 32 of 100 ) .
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, is redescribed based on six specimens from the western central atlantic . we present diagnostic characters to differentiate this species from
by the proximal - middle radial of the first anal - fin pterygiophore being slender with no trough or hollow on the anterodorsal portion ( vs . hollow in
) , several canine teeth posterior to the large canine teeth on either side of the symphysis of the lower jaw ( vs . villiform teeth posterior to enlarged canines ) , and by the modal numbers of pectoral - fin rays , lateral - line scales , and gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch .
we are grateful to the following persons and institutions for specimen loans : d . catania ( cas ) , k . hartel ( mcz ) , s . jewett , l . palmer , s . raredon , j . williams , and r . vari ( usnm ) . w . eschmeyer ( cas ) , k . hartel ( mcz ) , and b . collette ( systematics laboratory , nmfs ) kindly provided us with helpful comments on type specimens of
. the first author also thanks a . charef ( univ . tokyo ) , who kindly translated the french description of poey (
) , and a . carvalho - filho ( fish bizz ltda ) for helpful comments . a portion of this study was supported by the ito grant for ichthyology , fujiwara natural history foundation , and research fellowship of the japan society for the promotion of science for young scientists ( 10824 ) .
bunkley - williams l , williams eh ( 2004 ) new locality , depth , and size records and species character modifications of some caribbean deep - reef / shallow slope fishes and a new host and locality record for the chimaera cestodarian . caribb j sci 40 : 88–119
cervigón f ( 1992 ) los peces marinos de venezuela , vol 2 . fundación científica los roques , caracas
cervigón f , cipriani r , fishcher w , garibaldi l , henrickx m , lemus aj , márquez r , poutlers jm , robaina g , rodríguez b ( 1993 ) field guide to the commercial marine and brackish - water resources of the northern coast of south america . fao , rome ( english translation )
claro r ( 1994 ) caracteristicas generales de la ictiofauna . in : claro r ( ed ) ecología de los peces marinos de cuba . instituto de oceanología academia de ciencias de cuba and centro de investigaciones de quintana roo , chetumal , pp 55–71
colin pl ( 1974 ) observation and collection of deep - reef fishes off coasts of jamaica and british - honduras ( belize ) . mar biol 24 : 29–38
eschmeyer wn ( 1998 ) collection abbreviations . in : eschmeyer wn ( ed ) catalog of fishes . california academy of science , san francisco , ca , pp 16–22
gilchrist jdf ( 1922 ) deep - sea fishes procured by the s . s .
pickle
( part i ) . report fisheries and marine biological survey , union of south africa rep 2 ( art 3 ) : 41–79 , pls 7–12
heemstra pc , yamanoue y ( 2002 ) acropomatidae . in : carpenter ke ( ed ) the living marine resources of the western central atlantic , vol 2 : bony fishes , part 1 ( acipenseridae to grammatidae ) . fao , rome , pp 1299–1303
howell - rivero l ( 1938 ) list of the fishes , types of poey , in the museum of comparative zoölogy . bull mus comp zool 82 : 169–227
iczn ( international commission on zoological nomenclature ) ( 1999 ) international code of zoological nomenclature , 4th edn ( adopted by the general assembly of the international union of biological sciences ) . the international trust for zoological nomenclature , london
johnson gd ( 1984 ) percoidei : development and relationships . in : moser hg , richards wj , cohen dm , fahay mp , kendall aw jr , richardson sl ( eds ) ontogeny and systematic of fishes . am soc ichthyol herpetol , lawrence , ks , pp 459–463
jordan ds , evermann bw ( 1898 ) the fishes of north and middle america : a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish - like vertebrates found in the waters of north america , north of the isthmus of panama . part ii . bull us natl mus 47 : 1241–2183
katayama m ( 1959 ) studies on the serranid fishes of japan ( i ) . bull fac educ yamaguchi univ 8 ( pt 2 ) : 103–180
nelson js ( 2006 ) fishes of the world , 4th edn . wiley , new york
poey f ( 1860 ) poissons de cuba . mem hist nat isla cuba 2 : 115–356
poey f ( 1875 ) enumeratio piscium cubensium , parte primera . an soc esp hist nat , madrid 4 : 75–161
poey f ( 1876a ) enumeratio piscium cubensium , parte segunda . an soc esp hist nat , madrid 5 : 131–218
poey f ( 1876b ) enumeratio piscium cubensium , parte tercera . an soc esp hist nat , madrid 5 : 373–404
regan ct ( 1921 ) new fishes from deep water off the coast of natal . ann mag nat hist ( ser 9 ) 7 ( 41 ) : 412–420
smith and radcliffe 1912 as a valid genus and species of the family acropomatidae ( perciformes ) . ichthyol res . doi :
döderlein ( perciformes : acropomatidae ) with the description of a new species . j fish biol 65 : 511–529
( hilgendorf , 1879 ) , with review of the genus . ichthyol res 54 : 404–411
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
eschmeyer , w . n . and fricke , r . ( eds ) . 2015 . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . updated 1 october 2015 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 1 october 2015 ) .
ross , s . , espinosa - perez , h . & aguilar - perera , a .
justification : in the gulf of mexico , this deep - living species is known only from a single record collected offshore of northwestern cuba . little is known on its population and complete extent of its distribution , therefore , it is listed as data deficient in the gulf .
this species is distributed in the western atlantic from the bahamas , in the gulf of mexico from one record offshore of northwestern cuba , in the caribbean sea from cuba to the virgin islands , and along the central and south american coast to bahia , brazil ( heemstra and yamanoue 2002 , carvalho - filho et al . 2010 , eschmeyer 2012 ) . it is found between 100 - 600 m depth ( bunkley - williams and williams 2004 , carvalho - filho et al . 2010 ) .
aruba ; bahamas ; belize ; bonaire , sint eustatius and saba ; brazil ; cayman islands ; colombia ; costa rica ; cuba ; curaçao ; dominican republic ; french guiana ; guatemala ; guyana ; haiti ; honduras ; jamaica ; mexico ; nicaragua ; panama ; puerto rico ; suriname ; trinidad and tobago ; turks and caicos islands ; venezuela , bolivarian republic of ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s .
ross , s . , espinosa - perez , h . & aguilar - perera , a . 2015 .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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claro , rodolfo , and lynne r . parenti / claro , rodolfo , kenyon c . lindeman , and l . r . parenti , eds .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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body fairly deep with body depth 2 . 9 - 3 . 4 times in sl . lower and upper jaw symphyses with a large canine on either side . mid - lateral side of lower jaw with 12 - 14 small canine teeth . rest of jaw with villiform teeth . basioccipital fossa absent . preopercle weak and without serrations . dorsal fins close together . anterior margins of fin spines smooth . first anal fin pterygiophore straight , tapered , and pointed at the antero - dorsal end . body with ctenoid scales anteriorly and cycloid scales posteriorly ( gradation around base of first dorsal fin ) ( yamanoue et al . , 2009 ) .
dark gray above , grading to silvery or whitish below . dorsal and caudal fin dark . anal and pelvic fins dark with pale posterior margins .
scattered records in the caribbean : cuba , puerto rico , belize , honduras , colombia , and venezuela . also off brazil ( carvalho - filho et al . , 2010 ) . probably fairly widespread in deeper waters .
carvalho - filho , a . , g . marcovaldi , c . l . s . sampaio , m . i . g . paiva and l . a . g . duarte . 2010 . two new records of uncommon deep - sea perciform fishes from the southwestern atlantic . zootaxa no . 2694 : 59 - 68 .
heemstra , p . c . 2002 . parazenidae ( pp . 1203 - 1204 ) , zeniontidae ( pp . 1205 - 1206 ) , zeidae ( pp . 1207 - 1209 ) , oreosomatidae ( pp . 1212 - 1213 ) , grammicolepidae ( pp . 1214 - 1216 ) , moronidae ( pp . 1294 - 1296 ) , acropomatidae ( pp . 1299 - 1303 ) . in : carpenter , 2002 . the living marine resources of the western central atlantic vol . 2 : bony fishes part 1 ( acipenseridae to grammatidae ) .
species identification guides for fisheries purposes . american society of ichthyologists and herpetologists special publication no . 5 .
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
the university museum , university of tokyo , 7 - 3 - 1 hongo , bunkyo - ku , tokyo , 113 - 0033 , japan . yamanouey @ yahoo . co . jp .


thitarodes dierli is a species of moth of the family hepialidae .

it was described by pierre viette in 1968 , and is known from nepal .

thitarodes dierli

this is the place for dierli definition . you find here dierli meaning , synonyms of dierli and images for dierli copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word dierli . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word dierli and , of course , dierli synonyms and on the right images related to the word dierli .
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thitarodes albipictus ( yang , 1993 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes anomopterus ( yang , 1994 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes callinivalis ( liang , 1995 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes jianchuanensis ( yang , 1994 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes jinshanensis ( yang , 1993 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes litangensis ( liang , 1995 ) . china ( sichuan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes yeriensis ( liang , 1995 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes yulongensis ( liang , 1988 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes zhongzhiensis ( liang , 1995 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes jialangensis ( yang , 1994 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes nebulosus ( alpheraky , 1889 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes varians ( staudinger , 1896 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes zaliensis ( yang , 1994 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
no one has contributed data records for thitarodes baimaensis yet . learn how to contribute .
thitarodes kangdingensis ( chu and wang , 1985 ) . china ( sichuan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes lijiangensis ( chu and wang , 1985 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes menyuanicus ( chu and wang , 1985 ) . china ( qinghai ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes oblifurcus ( chu and wang , 1985 ) . china ( qinghai ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes sichuanus ( chu and wang , 1985 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes yunglongensis ( chu and wang , 1985 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes baqingensis ( yang and jiang , 1995 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes pratensis yang , li and shen , 1992 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes renzhiensis ( yang et al . , 1991 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes xizangensis ( chu and wang , 1985 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes zhayuensis ( chu and wang , 1985 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes ferrugineus ( li , yang and shen , 1993 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes yunnanensis ( yang , li and shen , 1992 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes baimaensis ( liang in liang et al . , 1988 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes damxungensis ( yang in yang and jiang , 1995 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes markamensis ( li , yang and shen , 1992 ) . china ( tibet ar ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes meiliensis ( liang in liang et al . , 1998 ) . china ( yunnan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes cingulatus ( yang and zhang in yang et al . , 1995 ) . china ( gansu ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes gonggaensis ( fu and huang in fu et al . , 1991 ) . china ( sichuan ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes luquensis ( yang and yang in yang et al . , 1995 ) . china ( gansu ) - tibetan plateau
thitarodes xunhuaensis ( yang and yang in yang et al . , 1995 ) . china ( qinghai ) - tibetan plateau
eastern asia between the himalayas , altai , taiwan , japan , and the russian far east . majority of species recorded from eastern tibetan plateau and surrounding areas .
one of the most speciose genera of hepialidae , but doubtfully monophyletic . species with a mottled wing pattern
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napialus hunanensis ( h . f . chu & l . y . wang , 1985 )
soldierlike sol
dier * like
, a . like a soldier ; soldierly .