fiftyshadesofhay ( foaled april 14 , 2010 in kentucky ) is an american thoroughbred racehorse .

the daughter of pulpit beat marathon lady in the mile and an eighth grade ii $ 500,000 black-eyed susan stakes at pimlico race course on may 17 , 2013 .

fiftyshadesofhay

fiftyshadesofhay was purchased by barbara banke for $ 1 . 3 million nov . 5 .
i ' ve found my new game , i guess . the real # fiftyshadesofhay urltoken
fiftyshadesofhay will look to rebound from a troubled fourth in the grade 2 la canada as the favorite .
# fiftyshadesofhay wins the black eyed susan at pimlico . now that ' s a great name for a filly .
kate : “are you doing alice’s bridle ? i’ll clean her saddle when i’ve finished mine . ” # thearchers # fiftyshadesofhay
see ? just put joel rosario in the general vicinity of a horse and the chances of winning grow exponentially . # fiftyshadesofhay
feeling proud to have been a part of @ peter _ hay leaving celebrations yesterday . good luck peter . # fiftyshadesofhay urltoken
fiftyshadesofhay was bred in kentucky by winstar farm , and originally purchased at the keeneland september yearling sale for $ 175 , 000 .
fair play . that ' s a fully stocked taffywood section @ addymanbooks in wonderful hay - on - wye . # fiftyshadesofhay urltoken
govenor charlie might not join fiftyshadesofhay in the winner ' s circle , but anything less than a top - three finish would be a shocker .
multiple graded - stakes winner fiftyshadesofhay was purchased by barbara banke for $ 1 . 3 million nov . 5 during the keeneland november breeding stock sale .
fiftyshadesofhay provided her connections some anxious moments before prevailing by three - quarters of a length in sunday ' s $ 250 , 000 ruffian s . ( g2 ) . . .
it definitely cost me the race ,
previous jockey mike smith said of the rough start in which fiftyshadesofhay was bumped hard and forced to check when the gates opened .
eisaman training grad fiftyshadesofhay made it two graded wins in a row with a powerful 3 1 / 2 - length victory in the $ 200 , 000 iowa oaks ( g3 ) . . .
this entry was posted in bloodstock and tagged bob baffert , distorted humor , fiftyshadesofhay , first foal , pulpit , real quiet , stonestreet farm , winstar farm by paulick report staff . bookmark the permalink .
eisaman training grad fiftyshadesofhay closed with a rush in the final furlong for a rousing victory in the $ 500 , 000 black - eyed susan s . ( g2 ) at pimlico race course on friday . . .
fiftyshadesofhay ( blue shadow roll ) , joel rosario up , runs by marathon lady , to win the 89th running of the gr2 black eyed susan , at pimlico . . . © 2013 rick samuels / the blood - horse rick samuels
fiftyshadesofhay marked herself one of the most consistent , top class fillies of 2013 when she ran 9 times , won 3 , was second 3 times and third twice . her wins were in the g2 black - eyed susan stakes , g3 santa ysabel and g3 iowa oaks .
stonestreet thoroughbred holdings ' fiftyshadesofhay gave birth to her first foal on friday , a colt by distorted humor . the 6 - year - old mare was purchased for $ 1 . 3 million at the 2014 keeneland november breeding stock sale after a racing career spanning multiple graded stakes victories .
fiftyshadesofhay , a baffert - trained three - year - old filly , won this year ' s black - eyed susan stakes on friday . the victory was yet another indication of baffert ' s expert navigator skills on this course , and jockey martin garcia is no slouch , either .
fiftyshadesofhay’s first foal , a colt by distorted humor , arrived in february of 2016 . he sold for $ 250 , 000 at the 2017 keeneland september yearling sale to gmb racing and has been named locally owned . she has a yearling colt by speightstown and a 2018 filly by curlin .
- fiftyshadesofhay just got up to win the black - eyed susan stakes ( g2 ) on friday at pimlico by a neck over marathon lady with favorite emollient 6th . on the undercard , last gunfighter won the pimlico special ( g3 ) . get the results , charts , and photos here .
fiftyshadesofhay gained some twitter fame a few years ago only because of her name . still a good runner , stonestreet purchased her for $ 1 . 3mil at keeneland in 2014 . “two year old american pharoah was easier to deal with in baffert’s barn than rachel is here , ” the mare scoffed .
fiftyshadesofhay ( usa ) b . m , 2010 { a5 } dp = 6 - 14 - 18 - 0 - 0 ( 38 ) di = 3 . 22 cd = 0 . 68 - 20 starts , 5 wins , 5 places , 4 shows career earnings : $ 1 , 097 , 951
caption : fiftyshadesofhay with joel rosario wins the black - eyed susan stakes ( gr . ii ) . preakness week 2013 with preakness horses and other going to the track at pimlico on may 17 , 2013 , in baltimore , md . preakness 10 - be susan1 image782 photo by anne m . eberhardt anne m . eberhardt
fiftyshadesofhay , a 3 - year - old a . p . indy filly out of the grade 1 - placed mare quiet kim , romped to a 5 3 / 4 - length victory in saturday ' s grade 2 santa ysabel s . to give eisaman training grads their second black type winner of the day . . .
caption : winner circle : fiftyshadesofhay with joel rosario wins the black - eyed susan stakes ( gr . ii ) . preakness week 2013 with preakness horses and other going to the track at pimlico on may 17 , 2013 , in baltimore , md . preakness 10 - be susan1 image838 photo by anne m . eberhardt anne m . eberhardt
caption : walking in to the winners circle : fiftyshadesofhay with joel rosario wins the black - eyed susan stakes ( gr . ii ) . preakness week 2013 with preakness horses and other going to the track at pimlico on may 17 , 2013 , in baltimore , md . preakness 10 - be susan1 image815 photo by anne m . eberhardt anne m . eberhardt
caption : trainer bob baffert with son bodie enters the winners circle . fiftyshadesofhay with joel rosario wins the black - eyed susan stakes ( gr . ii ) . preakness week 2013 with preakness horses and other going to the track at pimlico on may 17 , 2013 , in baltimore , md . preakness 10 - be susan1 image800 photo by anne m . eberhardt anne m . eberhardt
caption : groom jorgie alvarez with the black - eyed susan blanket . fiftyshadesofhay with joel rosario wins the black - eyed susan stakes ( gr . ii ) . preakness week 2013 with preakness horses and other going to the track at pimlico on may 17 , 2013 , in baltimore , md . preakness 10 - be susan1 image854 photo by anne m . eberhardt anne m . eberhardt
bred by winstar farm , fiftyshadesofhay sold for $ 175 , 000 as a yearling at the keeneland september sale . she won at two before marking herself one of the most consistent , top class fillies of 2013 , when she ran 9 times , won 3 , was second 3 times and third twice . her wins were in the g2 black - eyed susan stakes , g3 santa ysabel and g3 iowa oaks ; and her seconds included the g1 las virgenes to beholder , g1 alabama stakes to princess of sylmar , and g2 bayakoa stakes to broken sword . at four , fiftyshadesofhay won the g2 ruffian stakes , and placed second in the g1 personal ensign stakes to close hatches . she retired with $ 1 , 097 , 951 in earnings from 20 starts and was 14 times on the board .
fiftyshadesofhay is a daughter of the classy runner and sire pulpit , sire of 68 stakes winners , and 11 g1 winners including pyro , rutherienne , corinthian , mr . speaker , ice box , purge , sky mesa and tapit . pulpit’s daughters are becoming as effective broodmares as his sons are as sires . he is the broodmare sire of over 25 stakes winners including graded stakes winners real solution , departing and newsdad .
a daughter of pulpit out of a real quiet mare , fiftyshadesofhay was trained by bob baffert and campaigned by karl watson , mike pegram , and paul weitman . her career record upon retirement stood at 5 - 5 - 4 from 20 starts , earning $ 1 , 097 , 951 . the mare ' s most notable victories came in the santa ysabel , the black - eyed susan , and the ruffian stakes .
by pulpit ( 1994 ) blue grass s ( g2 ) , fountain of youth s ( g2 ) , 2nd florida derby ( g1 ) , etc . sire of 948 foals aged three and up , including pyro , corinthian , ice box , lord nelson , mi sueno , mr speaker , power broker , purge , rutherienne , sky mesa , stroll , tapit , bsharpsonata , fiftyshadesofhay , sightseeing , keen pauline , spot , unitarian , etc .
caption : pres : l - r , trainer bob baffert , joel rosario , owner mike pegram , baltimore mayor stephanie rawlings blake , and tom chukas , pimlico official . fiftyshadesofhay with joel rosario wins the black - eyed susan stakes ( gr . ii ) . preakness week 2013 with preakness horses and other going to the track at pimlico on may 17 , 2013 , in baltimore , md . preakness 10 - be susan1 image929 photo by anne m . eberhardt anne m . eberhardt
her dam is the g1 - placed quiet kim ( by real quiet ) , who ran second in the g1 santa anita oaks to balance . fiftyshadesofhay is bred on the highly successful a . p . indy / quiet american cross that also produced bernardini , and the pulpit / fappiano cross that produced tapit . offered at the 2014 keeneland november sale , her class and quality encouraged us to make a final bid of $ 1 , 300 , 000 to acquire this gem as a broodmare prospect .
at the same track four weeks later , princess of sylmar was matched against the black - eyed susan stakes winner fiftyshadesofhay in saratoga ' s alabama stakes . as in her previous start , the filly , under castellano , tracked the leaders before taking the lead on the far turn . she went clear in the straight and won comfortably by two and a half lengths from fiftyshadesofhay . with this win , she completed two of the three races that constitute the reconfigured american triple tiara of thoroughbred racing . commenting on the winner ' s performance , castellano said ;
she ' s an amazing horse . everything we ' ve asked , she has responded so well so far
. pletcher declined to commit the filly to any future targets after stanco suggested that she might not race again in 2013 . princess of sylmar ' s win was regarded as having confirmed her status as the year ' s outstanding three - year - old filly in north america . nonetheless , on september 28 , princess of sylmar teamed again with castellano for the beldame stakes at belmont park in which she was matched against older fillies and mares including royal delta . princess of sylmar moved alongside royal delta at the top of the stretch before drawing away to win by two lengths .
at 3 : 1st black - eyed susan s . ( g2 , pim , 9f ) , santa ysabel s . ( g3 , sa , 8 . 5f ) , iowa oaks ( g3 , prm , 8 . 5f ) ; 2nd las virgenes s . ( g1 , sa , 8f ) , alabama s . ( g1 , sar , 10f ) , bayakoa s . ( g2 , bhp , 8 . 5f ) ; 3rd santa anita oaks ( g1 , sa , 8 . 5f ) , indiana oaks ( g2 , ind , 8 . 5f )
at 4 : 1st ruffian s . ( g2 , bel , 8f ) ; 2nd personal ensign s . ( g1 , sar , 9f ) ; 3rd fleur de lis h . ( g2 , cd , 9f )
progeny : 1st foal - 2016 bay c by distorted humor - sept ' 17 kee : $ 250k ( gmb racing ) ; 2nd foal - 2017 ch c by speightstown . ( close )
a . p . indy ( usa ) dkb / br . 1989 [ ic ]
a $ 3 . 9 million broodmare , a record $ 3 million weanling filly , and a daylong parade of seven - figure horses helped the keeneland november sale post gains across the board at its lively second session nov . 5 in lexington .
sophomore stopchargingmaria , winner of the c . c . a . oaks and alabama stakes ( both gr . i ) at saratoga , steps up against older fillies and mares in the $ 400 , 000 beldame stakes ( gr . i ) sept . 27 at belmont park .
close hatches took command on the opening turn and never looked back in the $ 500 , 0000 personal ensign stakes ( gr . i ) , romping over a muddy track at saratoga race course aug . 22 for her third grade i triumph in a row .
grade i winner bayern , 2 - 1 morning - line favorite for the upcoming $ 1 . 25 million travers stakes ( gr . i ) , arrived at saratoga race course aug . 20 around 4 p . m .
was purchased by barbara banke ' s stonestreet thoroughbred holdings for $ 1 . 3 million nov . 5 during the keeneland november breeding stock sale .
out of the real quiet mare quiet kim was sold as a broodmare prospect . she was consigned by hill ' n ' dale sales , agent , and was raced by karl watson , mike pegram , and paul weitman .
she ' s a beautiful mare , and she will make a good broodmare ,
banke said .
it will be great to add her to our broodmare band , which you know is a good one .
win : g2 ruffian s . , g3 iowa oaks , g2 black eyed susan s . , g3 santa ysabel s . place : g1 personal ensign s . , g2 bayakoa s . , g1 alabama s . , g1 las virgenes s . show : g2 fleur de lis h . , g2 indiana oaks , g1 santa anita oaks
jockey : joel rosario trainer : bob baffert owner : watson , karl , pegram , michael e . and weitman , paul breeder : winstar farm , llc
* current year statistics include all north american races and dubai world cup day . career statistics include results from all countries .
* current year includes north american and dubai world cup day statistics ; all previous years include results from all countries .
racing achievements and top 100 rankings include north american ( u . s . , canada and puerto rico ) thoroughbred races only .
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brilliant g1 miler by the sire of tapit . one of japan’s premier dirt stallions with more than 78 % winners to runners from his first four crops , including g3 turf scorer b b barrel .
1st dam : wild vision by wild again . winner ( 1200m ) at 2 . dam of 10 foals , 9 to race , 8 winners :
war echo ( f tapit ) 4 wins ( 1600m - 1700m ) at 2 and 3 , silverbulletday s ( g3 ) , distaff s , 3rd golden rod s ( g2 ) .
farrier ( g tapit ) 5 wins ( 1400m - 2000m ) , 4 to 9 , 2017 , jebel ali s , 2nd jebel hatta ( g1 ) , the dubai creek mile , jebel ali s , entisar s , 3rd jebel ali s , entisar s .
longview drive ( c pulpit ) 4 wins ( 1000m - 1800m ) , 2 to 5 , charlie palmer futurity , oak tree h , cavonnier juvenile s , 2nd all american s ( g3 ) , 3rd delta downs jackpot s ( g3 ) , sham s ( g3 ) .
teardrop ( f tapit ) winner ( 1000m - 1200m ) at 2 and 4 , 3rd wilma mankiller memorial s .
2nd dam : carol’s wonder by pass the tab . 3 wins ( 1200m - 1300m ) at 3 and 4 , 2nd chapman s , genuine risk h , 3rd a gleam h ( g3 ) . dam of 6 winners :
wild wonder ( c wild again ) 9 wins , 2 to 5 , mervyn leroy h ( g2 ) , longacres mile h ( g3 ) , all american h ( g3 ) , 2nd bel air h ( g2 ) , el camino real derby ( g3 ) . sire .
3rd dam : carols christmas by whitesburg . 4 wins at 3 and 4 . dam of 8 winners :
olympio ( c naskra ) hollywood derby ( g1 ) , american derby ( g2 ) , 2nd secretariat s ( g1 ) . sire .
call now ( f wild again ) debutante s ( g2 ) , 2nd oak leaf s ( g1 ) . dam of :
winning call ( f deputy minister ) winner at 4 . dam of : tapizar ( c tapit ) breeders’ cup dirt mile ( g1 ) . sire .
bistra ( f classic go go ) 3 wins at 2 and 3 . dam of :
early flyer ( c gilded time ) san vicente s ( g2 ) , 2nd frank j de francis memorial dash s ( g1 ) . sire .
fun house ( f prized ) buena vista h ( g2 ) . dam of : paddy o’prado ( c el prado ) secretariat s ( g1 ) , 3rd kentucky derby ( g1 ) . sire ; untapable ( f tapit ) champion three - year - old filly in us , breeders’ cup distaff ( g1 ) , kentucky oaks ( g1 ) , apple blossom h ( g1 ) , mother goose s ( g1 ) .
christmas star ( f star de naskra ) 2 wins at 2 . dam of :
cuvee ( c carson city ) futurity s ( g1 ) , saratoga special s ( g2 ) , kentucky breeders’ cup s ( g3 ) . sire .
will he shine ( c silver deputy ) true north h ( g2 ) , 3rd churchill downs s ( g2 ) . sire .
bien nicole ( f bien bien ) galaxy s ( g2 ) , oaklawn breeders’ cup s ( g3 ) , 2nd beverly d s ( g1 ) .
, 1700m , monmouth park , to war pass , beating kodiak kowboy , tale of ekati , z humor , old man buck , shore do , salute the sarge , wicked style .
, 1600m , belmont park , to war pass , beating z humor , lantana mob , silver edition , majestic warrior , anakim , ready ' s image .
, 1700m , fair grounds , beating my pal charlie , yankee bravo , blackberry road , tale of ekati , majestic warrior , j be k .
, 1700m , fair grounds , beating z fortune , visioniare , blackberry road , bonanza , prince cortez .
, 1700m , churchill downs , beating my pal charlie , visionaire , recapturetheglory .
, 1800m , saratoga , to macho again , beating tiz now tiz then , tale of ekati , anak nakal , mint lane , da ' tara .
, 1700m , hoosier park , to tin cup chalice , beating acai , power game , he ' s eze , budge man , famous patriot , cubfanbudman .
, 2000m , saratoga , to colonel john , mambo in seattle , beating harlem rocker , da ' tara , court vision , tale of ekati , macho again , tizbig , cool coal man , tres borrachos .
, 1400m , saratoga , beating kodiak kowboy , ready ' s echo , my pal charlie , riley tucker , true quality , keep laughing , driven by success , gold trippi , peace chant , law enforcement .
james marvin s , 1400m , saratoga , to gold trippi , beating finallymadeit , silver edition , riley tucker , bold start .
pyro has made a terrific start to 2017 with his runners , siring 18 winners by 1 february .
darley has announced the fees for the six stallions that will stand at their stud in japan for the 2017 breeding season .
pyro enjoyed an outstanding season in 2015 , siring no fewer than 61 winners headed by stakes - winning colt shigeru kaga .
juveniles by darley stallions enjoyed a successful weekend with two very promising winners saluting the judge for the first time .
darley has announced the fees of its five stallions that will stand at their stud in japan for the 2015 season .
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santa ynez stakes ( 2013 ) las virgenes stakes ( 2013 ) santa anita oaks ( 2013 ) zenyatta stakes ( 2013 , 2014 , 2015 ) santa lucia stakes ( 2014 , 2015 ) adoration stakes ( 2015 , 2016 ) clement l . hirsch stakes ( 2015 ) pacific classic ( 2015 ) vanity mile ( 2016 ) breeders ' cup wins : breeders ' cup juvenile fillies ( 2012 ) breeders ' cup distaff ( 2013 , 2016 )
beholder ( foaled may 9 , 2010 ) is an american thoroughbred race horse and multiple eclipse award winner . she was purchased as a yearling by b . wayne hughes of spendthrift farm . she had an early reputation for being difficult to handle , but trainer richard mandella worked extensively with the fractious young horse , gradually developing her from a temperamental front - runner into a seasoned veteran who could be placed in strategic positions .
as a two - year - old in 2012 , she won three of her five races including the breeders ' cup juvenile fillies and was voted american champion two - year - old filly . in the following season , she won five of her seven races , including the breeders ' cup distaff . with the breeders ' cup win , she became the first horse to win both the breeders ' cup juvenile fillies and the distaff in consecutive years , and concluded her three - year old season by being named american champion three - year - old filly . after a four - year - old season plagued by injuries and illness , with a single graded stakes win in three attempts , she returned to form as a five - year - old with multiple stakes wins , becoming the first filly or mare to win the pacific classic and was voted american champion older dirt female horse . in doing so , she became the first horse since 1976 , male or female , to win grade 1 stakes races at age 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 . in 2016 , she extended this achievement by winning the grade i vanity stakes , and in doing so tied the record of john henry for winning a grade i race five years in a row . she closed out her career winning the 2016 breeders ' cup distaff in a dramatic stretch run , prevailing by a scant nose over the songbird . she received her second eclipse award as champion older dirt female horse at the end of the year and retired having tied goldikova as one of only two horses to have ever won three breeders ' cup championships .
it’s like i’m driving a mack truck with the speed of a porsche and the brain of a rocket scientist .
as a yearling , beholder was consigned by the clarkland farm to the sale at keeneland in september 2011 , where she was bought for $ 180 , 000 by b . wayne hughes ' spendthrift farm . [ 10 ] at age two , the filly was sent into training with california - based trainer richard mandella . [ 11 ]
beholder initially developed a reputation as a
temperamental diva .
as a young filly , she was prone to rearing when she got upset and later turned to bucking . [ 12 ] but the people who worked with her every day viewed her differently ; her exercise rider in 2013 , david nuesch , described her as
straightforward
, explaining ,
she kind of likes it to be her idea and doesn ' t want to be told too much what to do .
her groom , ruben mercado , said she was a
little angel
in the stables but
all business
on the track . [ 11 ] mandella used earplugs and a hood with ear coverings ( colloquially called
earmuffs
) to help keep her focused . at one point , he tried giving her ear buds , but the sound upset her even more . [ 12 ] mandella was described as the
perfect
trainer for her , as he was willing to try different training techniques to keep her from getting in her own way , took the time to figure out her quirks , and learned to anticipate her behavior . the bond and depth of communication between trainer and horse was noted in the press . mandella ' s son gary described beholder as having an
alpha male perspective ,
explaining ,
she’s actually dominant , bullyish and head strong . she’s not quirky because she’s worried that something is lurking around the corner . the things that she does that are hard to manage are because she’s tougher than you .
[ 13 ]
as she aged , her behavior improved , and she began to behave like a seasoned veteran . [ 14 ] mandella gave credit to the horse :
i’d say she brought me along . i haven‘t brought her along . i’ve just been along for the ride .
[ 13 ] by her six - year - old season , following her 17th career win , which was also her sixth consecutive victory , [ 2 ] mandella said of beholder ,
good horses come along , and there are a few great ones , but to be great and stay great , it really is special .
[ 15 ]
over seven furlongs . starting at odds of 8 . 1–1 , she hit the
, but she was caught by executiveprivilege at the finish line and was beaten a nose .
in october . because she remained keyed up after the previous race and upset by the stress from shipping , mandella chose to put her in an easier race than a grade i to see if she would settle down enough to contest the breeders ' cup later in the year .
on november 2 at santa anita , beholder was one of eight fillies to contest the breeders ' cup juvenile fillies over one mile . she was the 9–2 joint second choice in the betting behind executiveprivilege , who was made the 13–8 favourite . beholder took the lead from the start and broke clear of the field to open up a three - length advantage on the final turn . she held off the late challenge of executiveprivilege to win by a length .
over seven furlongs at santa anita on january 21 . she started the 1–5 favorite but was beaten three - quarters of a length by renee ' s titan . an explanation for her poor performance emerged a week later when an examination revealed an ulcer in her throat .
at the same course on march 2 , beholder started 4–5 favorite for the grade i las virgenes stakes over one mile . she led from the start and was never seriously challenged , winning by
beholder ' s next race was the grade i santa anita oaks on april 6 , for which she started the 3–10 favorite . despite an unfavorable draw , she quickly went into the lead and went clear of the field in the straight to win by
lengths from iotapa . mandella described the winner as having
the heart of a warrior
.
in the kentucky oaks on may 3 at churchill downs , beholder started at odds of 9–1 in a field of ten fillies , with the gulfstream oaks winner dreaming of julia the 6–4 favorite . [ 2 ] it was the first time she had been shipped outside of california . [ 24 ] beholder tracked the leader , midnight lucky , before moving into the lead in the homestretch but was overtaken in the closing stages by the 39–1 outsider princess of sylmar and finished second , beaten by half a length . [ 2 ] her loss was attributed in part to her behavior in the post parade . without her training earmuffs , she was anxious and upset by the crowd noise , fought to get away from the track pony that was leading her to the gate , and partially fell down , forcing gomez to jump off . sportswriters described her as
angry
and adrenaline - filled , while mandella described her as
rattled .
after the race , gomez speculated that if princess of sylmar had been closer as she passed , instead of well to the outside , beholder ' s fighting instincts still might have been enough to have held out for the victory . however , he also commented at the time that she relied on speed to win , and if she was slowed down , she had difficulty regaining momentum . [ 24 ]
. she started the 1–10 favorite and led all the way , winning from second - place finisher wittgenstein .
over eight and a half furlongs at santa anita . she led from the start and won , with the six - year - old veteran authenticity in second . mandella called the winner
a filly that really likes the fight
while stevens said that
i haven ' t gotten close to the bottom of her yet
.
on november 1 , beholder contested the breeders ' cup distaff over nine furlongs at santa anita . the field was a very strong one , including
, she had a clean start . mandella had been training her so that instead of always being a front - runner , she could be
behind other horses and conserve energy . his strategy was a success as beholder tracked the leaders before moving up into second place half a mile from the finish . she took the lead two furlongs out and went clear of the field to win by
lengths over close hatches , with royal delta fourth and princess of sylmar last of the six runners . after the race , mandella said ,
i’ve been lucky enough to have many good mares in my years of training , but this mare might have to be the best of all .
with her distaff win , she became the first horse to win both the breeders ' cup juvenile fillies and the distaff in consecutive years .
she began her third season in the santa lucia stakes at santa anita on april 21 . conceding six pounds to her opponents , she started at odds of 1–10 and won by more than five lengths over legacy .
at belmont on june 7 . it was only the second time she had been shipped to race outside california , the only prior trip having been the kentucky oaks .
beholder went off as the favorite ahead of princess of sylmar and close hatches . she raced on the outside and moved up to third on the final turn but made no further progress and finished fourth behind winner close hatches . |
she had sustained an injury during that race , and after returning to training , split the wound site open again during a workout , requiring stitches and missing additional training time . nonetheless , on september 27 , with
she was viewed as not at her peak fitness but progressing well in spite of the delays in training linked to her injury .
beholder was prepared to defend her breeders ' cup distaff title and was also consigned to be sold at the 2014 fasig - tipton fall sale immediately after . plans changed when she was found to be running a 104 °f fever after exercising on october 19 . she was scratched from both the race and the sale , and owner hughes decided that after she recovered from her illness , she would not be sold , but instead would stay in training and return to racing in 2015 . [ 33 ]
miles ( 1 , 700 m ) on april 10 , 2015 . with stevens returning as her rider , she tracked uzziel until pulling away for a
length win .
the game was pretty much over going into the first turn and it was sort of a glorified workout , which is something you hope for in a race like this ,
stevens said .
she ' s the best filly i ' ve ever sat on and i ' m not sure she ' s not the best horse i ' ve ever ridden .
and an anticipated match - up with improving warren ' s veneda in may due to a fever similar to that which prevented her from competing in the 2014 breeders ' cup distaff , beholder was given time off .
without being touched with the whip . her behavior had markedly improved as she matured , with stevens commenting ,
she went from being a cantankerous kid to a laid - back grandma .
with that victory , she became the first horse since 1976 , male or female , to win grade i stakes races at ages 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 . while other horses had won grade i stakes four years in a row , she was notable for being the only horse to have done so beginning at age two .
lengths with a final time of 1 : 59 . 77 , against an otherwise all - male field of nine other horses , including 2014
hughes said :
she’s the first horse who has made me feel lucky to be her owner .
mandella quipped ,
we didn’t think she would do it quite like that . we thought it was the girls she was picking on .
and added later ,
i think the boys pissed her off . i think they were telling sexist jokes on the
. they also suggested that she might race again in 2016 and that upon retirement , hughes would be likely to keep her at his spendthrift farm and not offer her for sale .
, the biggest challenge was anticipated to be her reaction to travel ; she had only raced twice outside of california , losing both times , and was known to be a poor shipper .
, and weather causing difficulties for shipping horses by air , mandella nonetheless declared ,
we plan to run in the big one .
she shipped to keeneland on october 19 and developed a slight fever shortly after arrival , thought due to shipping stress , but the fever dropped following treatment and she continued to prep for the race .
. she was scratched from the classic . mandella explained ,
there ' s obviously some irritated lung tissue there . she will be fine , but if i put her under the pressure of a race situation , it could cause some real damage . this was obviously due to the fever she had when she arrived
.
in her 2016 debut , stevens was once again in the saddle , and beholder won the adoration stakes for the second time in succession at santa anita park on may 8 , the day after the 2016 kentucky derby . this was her seventh straight victory in 16 wins overall , of which 14 were stakes wins . [ 2 ] on june 4 , beholder appeared to be facing a much sterner task when she took on the 2015 american champion three - year - old filly stellar wind in the grade i vanity mile at santa anita . in a slowly run race , stevens tracked the early leader , lost bus , before taking the lead on the turn and winning
effortlessly
by one and a half lengths from stellar wind . [ 46 ] with this grade i win , beholder tied the record of john henry in winning a grade i race for five years in a row . [ 38 ] however , stellar wind turned the tables on beholder in the 2016 clement l . hirsch stakes , held on july 30 , edging beholder by a half - length in a stretch duel . [ 47 ]
she also faced imperative and hoppertunity , both of whom she had defeated in the previous year ' s race .
california chrome got the number one post position in the nine - horse field , viewed as an unfavorable draw for him , while beholder obtained a favorable post at number seven , with dortmund to her outside . mandella felt she had trained strongly since her previous loss and was ready to go .
beholder broke cleanly and remained second , stalking california chrome , who led throughout the entire race . she stalked the pace closely until the mile pole , at which point the stallion pulled ahead of the field and won by five lengths . beholder finished
stevens described her race as a
gutty performance
and mandella stated ,
she ran really good , just second best .
both jockey and trainer expressed respect for the performance of the winner .
in october she started the 2 - 5 favorite for the zenyatta stakes at santa anita . after leading for most of the way she was headed in the final furlong and beaten a neck by stellar wind with the pair finishing more than eleven lengths clear of the other three runners . [ 53 ] on november 4 , in what was scheduled to be her final racecourse appearance before her retirement , beholder made her first appearance in the breeders ' cup since 2013 when she once again contested the distaff at santa anita . [ 54 ] stellar wind was again challenging , but the odds - on favorite was the undefeated three - year - old songbird . beholder , coming off three losses , was third in the betting odds . [ 55 ] from the outside post position of the eight - horse field , beholder tracked the leaders before moving alongside songbird on the final turn . the pair engaged in a prolonged struggle in the straight before beholder prevailed by a scant nose in a photo - finish . stevens described the race by saying ,
i ' ve been in battles before , but never the length of the stretch . . . definitely a quarter of a mile of just a street fight .
[ 54 ] with her win , she tied goldikova as one of only two horses to have ever won three breeders ' cup championships in the history of the series . [ 56 ]
beholder was named american champion two - year - old filly at the eclipse awards for 2012 , gaining 225 of the available 254 votes . [ 57 ] she won her second eclipse award the following year as american champion three - year - old filly with 207 votes against 42 for runner - up princess of sylmar . [ 58 ] in the awards for 2014 , in spite of her abbreviated season , she still received five votes for american champion older female , though the award that year went to close hatches by a wide margin . [ 59 ] beholder won her third eclipse award when she was named the 2015 american champion older dirt female horse , taking 256 of the 261 votes . [ 60 ] she repeated in this category in 2016 , receiving 246 out of 248 votes . [ 61 ]
you think about other sports and think about people in the hall of fame , and very often they have careers where they were good over a long period of time or brilliant over a shorter period of time ,
said ned toffey , the manager of spendthrift farm .
she did both . she was brilliant over a long period of time .
[ 62 ]
in the 2013 world ' s best racehorse rankings , beholder received a rating of 121 , ranking her as the second - best three - year - old filly in the world behind the french - trained treve , and the thirty - eighth best horse in the world of any age or either sex . [ 63 ] in 2015 , she received a rating of 123 following her pacific classic win , placing her in a tie for eighth worldwide and second only to treve as the highest - rated filly or mare . [ 64 ] in 2016 , she again received a rating of 123 , tying her for tenth worldwide and second to winx as the highest rated mare . [ 65 ]
on february 10 , 2017 , santa anita announced that it was renaming the vanity stakes , which she won in 2016 , as the beholder mile stakes . beholder won 14 races at santa anita during her career . [ 66 ]
this page was last edited on 21 may 2018 , at 19 : 04 .
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topped by a $ 850 , 000 twirling candy colt and $ 550 , 000 curlin colt , eisaman equine sold a total of seven horses for $ 2 , 395 , 000 during the first day of the march 15 - 16 obs march sale . . .
it ' smyluckyday joined the ranks of racing ' s millionaires with his length and a half victory in the grade 3 salvator mile sunday at monmouth park . . .
eisaman equine sold the top - priced juvenile during day one of the fasig - tipton’s may 19 - 20 midlantic 2 - year - olds in training sale in timonium , md . . .
anita cauley’s homebred on fire baby drew away in deep stretch to win the $ 327 , 000 la troienne s . ( g1 ) by 2 ¾ lengths over molly morgan on kentucky oaks day . . .
eisaman equine training grad midnight lucky took the lead out of the gate and scored a dominating 4 ½ - length victory in the $ 330 , 600 humana distaff ( g1 ) saturday at churchill downs . . .
eisaman equine training grad embellishing bob got a well - earned victory in saturday ' s $ 176 , 700 derby trial ( g3 ) on the opening night at churchill downs , the first stakes win for the 3 - year - old . . .
eisaman equine latest training graduate to join the graded stakes ranks came on closing day of the keeneland meet when unitarian took the $ 250 , 000 elkhorn s . ( g2 ) for turf marathoners . . .
itsmyluckyday rolls to easy win in $ 75 , 000 best of the rest s .
itsmyluckyday won the fifth stakes of his career in saturday’s $ 75 , 000 rest of the rest stakes at gulfstream park , cruising to a handy three - length score . . .
eisaman equine training grad ride on curlin , who has earned $ 414 , 687 to date , completed his final kentucky derby ( g1 ) workout april 27 at churchill downs . . .
eisaman equine training grad oliver zip captured the $ 100 , 000 fred
cappy
capossela for 3 - year - olds on saturday at aqueduct with sharp gate - to - wire , 4 1 / 2 - length victory . . .
my conquestadory overcame a troubled trip to win the $ 400 , 000 alcibiades s . ( g1 ) at keeneland by 1 ¾ lengths in her final start before the $ 2 million breeders’ cup juvenile fillies ( g1 ) . . .
eisaman sales grad sing the dream ran to his 1 - 5 odds in saturday ' s $ 50 , 000 tin cup chalice s . at finger lakes , rolling home a 9 1 / 4 - length winner . . .
nana anna ' s win in the $ 50 , 000 rachel ' s turn s . saturday evening at charles town races gave the eisaman training grad her first lifetime win in her stakes debut . . .
yes i’m lucky kicked of a trio of stakes winners for eisaman equine saturday at laurel park with a rousing 6 1 / 2 - length win in the the $ 100 , 000 laurel futurity . . .
eisaman ' s big day at laurel park continued in the $ 100 , 000 selima s . as the 2 - year - old filly aibhilin weaved her way through horses to win the 5 1 / 2 - furlong turf contest . . .
tricky hat got a crafty ride to emerge victorious in saturday ' s $ 100 , 000 laurel turf cup , the first career stakes win for the eisaman equine training grad . . .
eisaman sales grad my conquestadory ' s stellar victory in the $ 212 , 800 summer s . saturday at woodbine has earned the 2 - year - old daughter of artie schiller a free trip to the breeders ' cup this november . . .
ondine , a 3 - year - old filly by medaglia d’oro , became eisaman equine’s latest stakes winner for owner peachtree stable when she proved best in the $ 50 , 000 bob lewis s . sept . 6 at the barretts meet in california . . .
kaleem shah ' s fed biz , an eisaman equine training grad , flew home late to win the $ 250 , 000 pat o ' brien s . ( g2 ) in track - record time at del mar aug . 25 . . .
yes i ' m lucky leads eisaman exacta in tyro s . at monmouth park
yes i’m lucky dueled with stablemate run for logistics for the entire five furlongs of the $ 60 , 000 tyro s . sunday at monmouth park , ultimately prevailing by a length and three - quarters to give eisaman grads a one - two finish in the turf stakes . . .
eisaman sales grads made their presence felt the first weekend of august , scoring wins in canada , california and west virginia . . .
george and lori hall ' s pants on fire registered a 1 3 / 4 - length victory in sunday ' s $ 200 , 000 monmouth cup ( g2 ) to give the eisaman equine training grad his fourth stakes victory . . .
eisaman training grad amberjack drew away from his rivals in the stretch to win the $ 160 , 800 new york derby by six and one - half lengths at finger lakes racetrack on saturday . . .
saint arthur cruised to a front - running two length win in the $ 50 , 000 ontario county s . june 29 at finger lakes racetrack to give the 3 - year - old eisaman sales grad his first career stakes win . . .
yes i ' m lucky rolled to a four - length score in calder ' s $ 100 , 000 frank gomez memorial to run the eisaman sales grad ' s record to a perfect two - for - two . . .
3 - year - old colt amberjack captured his stakes debut in the $ 125 , 000 mike lee s . at belmont saturday , june 1st , becoming the 17th stakes winner broken at eisaman equine for owner peachtree stable . . .
midnight lucky outclassed her competition to roll to a commanding 6 ¼ - length victory on memorial day in the grade 1 , $ 300 , 000 acorn s . at belmont park . . .
zee bros put his abundant natural talent on display in saturday ' s $ 100 , 000 chick lang s . , covering six furlongs in a lively 1 : 10 . 72 to give eisaman equine their third preakness weekend stakes winner . . .
i’m mom’s favorite won a head - bob to take the $ 100 , 000 ms . preakness pink warrior s . for 3 - year - old fillies friday at pimlico race course . . .
eisaman equine training grad on fire baby kicked off her 2013 campaign with a thrilling win in the $ 500 , 000 apple blossom h . april 13 at oaklawn park . . .
midnight lucky handled her stakes debut like a seasoned pro with a runaway , track record - setting performance in sunday ' s $ 200 , 000 sunland park oaks . . .
rolling to a five - length victory on sunday in the $ 800 , 000 sunland derby ( g3 ) , govenor charlie capped a huge day at the new mexico track for eisaman equine . . .


taringa halgerda is a species of sea slug , a dorid nudibranch , a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family discodorididae .

there is no real certainty that this species is placed in the correct genus .

taringa halgerda

gosliner and behrens ( 1998 ) chose the specific name halgerda due to the overall , external , and morphological similarity between taringa halgerda and members of the genus halgerda .
taringa halgerda from malaysia from : m . tay & j . shahrizal , may 31 , 2005
taringa halgerda from the philippines from : r . grooters & m . snoek , september 13 , 2005
the relatively large sparsely pinnate gills reminded the authors of a species of halgerda hence the species name .
nomenclature the name taringa marcus , 1955 has been given precedence over aporodoris ihering , 1886 , under provisions of iczn article . . .
is small , reaching 33 mm in length . it is white with low , flat , yellow tubercles , each of which are digitate , with short , rounded papillae extending from their posterior surface . the huge halgerda - like gills and rhinophores are black .
nomenclature the name taringa marcus , 1955 has been given precedence over aporodoris ihering , 1886 , under provisions of iczn article 23 . 9 . 2 ( valdés & gosliner , 2001 , p . 171 ) . however , their action is nullified by the use of aporodoris as a valid genus by burn in 1973 . [ details ]
white with low flat yellow tubercles scattered over the central region of the mantle . the translucent white gills are large and sparsely pinnate . they are lined with black . rhinophore club is black . the relatively large sparsely pinnate gills reminded the authors of a species of halgerda hence the species name .
very little is known about this species . its published distribution limits it to the western indian ocean of madagascar , tanzania and sri lanka . likely a sponge grazer , it would be interesting to know if this species has a distinctively colored egg mass like that of t . halgerda . please let us know if you bump into this little cutie on one of your sojourns .
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puerta gallera , philippines , september 2002 . depth : 17m , size : 4cm . photo : deanna charlton - jones .
white with low flat yellow tubercles scattered over the central region of the mantle . the translucent white gills are large and sparsely pinnate . they are lined with black . rhinophore club is black .
reference : • gosliner , t . m . & behrens , d . w . ( 1998 ) two new discodorid nudibranchs from the western pacific with a redescription of doris luteola kelaart , 1858 . proceedings of the california academy of sciences , 50 ( 11 ) : 279 - 293 .
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just one more new species to come from our wonderful little reef in balayan bay , north of the village of anilao , batangas province , philippines . affectionately referred to as
bus stop reef
because of its proximity to a bus stop on the road adjacent to the reef , this is also the type locality for our recently described
, until we did our dissections to evaluate the internal anatomy . no way , totally different ! .
first we were confronted with the question of what genera should we place it in . not uncommon in this kind of search , we bumped into the species
, which is very similar to our new guy in shape and color . the species formerly referred to as
, as well as two other names , will be featured in an upcoming bow . upon a closer ( internal ) look at this species we decided that it too was assigned to the wrong genus . now we needed a genus for both . our final decision , after much searching -
the egg mass of the species is a densely packed , open coiled ribbon , attached to the substrate along its edge . it has a very characteristic pale blue color and is about 20 mm in diameter .
. ) and one taken by jim black from milne bay , papua new guinea . please let us know if you have seen this critter elsewhere .
terrence m . gosliner and david w . behrens . 1998 . two new discodorid nudibranchs from the western pacific with a redescription of doris luteola kelaart , 1858 . proceedings of the california academy of sciences , 50 ( 11 ) : 279 - 293 , 7 figs .
© the slug site , michael d . miller 1998 . all rights reserved .
individual collection no : atsushi ono ( w / o coll . # , but in his personal collection )
have previously seen it . atsushi reports ( pers . comm . ) seeing / collecting only the above single individual in the keramas
and as far as i can determine this is the first time this attractive little discodoridid is reported from okinawan waters . this charming little animal was found by atsushi between small stones and dead coral in 18m of water . there are quite a few photographs of
found on the web , all from the philippines , malaysia and indonesia . as an example
on the slug site from the pi with a short discussion by dave behrens .
with atsushi ' s above photograph and specimen this is perhaps the first time the species has been reported from anywhere in japanese waters .
- like
in its appearance . a black line extends up the edge of each gill branch . the black , perfoliate rhinophores bear about 17 - 18 lamellae .
gosliner , t . m . and d . w . behrens . 1998 . two new discodorid nudibranchs from the western pacific with a redescription of doris luteola kelaart , 1858 . proceedings of the california academy of sciences 50 ( 11 ) : 279–293 .
* keramas = the kerama islands group , located 30 ~ 40 kilometers west of the okinawa capitol , naha . page date : 01 jan ' 14 page modification date : 01 jan ' 14 digitally manipulated photo copyright © 2014 robert f . bolland
is characterized by low flat yellow tubercles which are scattered over the central region of the whitish mantle . the translucent white gills are large and sparsely pinnate and lined with black . the rhinophores are black .
gosliner , t . m . ; behrens , d . w . ( 1998 ) . two new discodorid nudibranchs from the western pacific with a redescription of doris luteola kelaart , 1858 . proceedings of the california academy of sciences . 4 ( 50 ) : 279 - 293 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
to biodiversity heritage library ( 1 publication ) to encyclopedia of life to sea slug forum ( via archive . org )
project noah is a tool to explore and document wildlife and a platform to harness the power of citizen scientists everywhere .
all photographs contained on this web site and photo galleries within this site are protected by international copyright laws .
we’re proud to feature the underwater images of our own photo pro sascha janson .
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, terry gosliner and i felt a redescription of this critter was necessary in light of its similarities to our new species , and its obvious incorrect placement taxonomically .
due to elliot ' s work in 1906 . previously the little guy has also been called
, and the gills and rhinophores are black , having caused some recent misidentifications in the field . both species have creamy white bodies , but
has a yellow marginal band and a broken ring of yellow pigment at the central of the mantle , extending from just posterior to the rhinophores to immediately in front of the gills .
because of the dentition of the radular teeth and typical cuticular lining of the distal portion of the vas deferens .
the sea slug forum - flabellina iodinea - distribution galapagos islands to british columbia , canada . | ocean - nudibranch | pinterest | sea slug , ocean creatu…
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
valdés á . ( 2002 ) . a phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids ( mollusca , nudibranchia , anthobranchia ) . zoological journal of the linnean society . 136 : 535 - 636 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
valdés á . & gosliner t . m . 2001 . systematics and phylogeny of the caryophyllidia - bearing dorids ( mollusca , nudibranchia ) , with the description of a new genus and four new species from indo - pacific deep waters . zoological journal of the linnean society 133 ( 2 ) : 103 - 198 [ details ]


antaeotricha euthrinca is a moth in the depressariidae family .

it was described by edward meyrick in 1915 .

it is found in colombia .

the wingspan is 28-29 mm .

the forewings are whitish , tinged with ochreous in the disc and with a dark purple-fuscous streak along the basal fifth of the costa , with three irregular projections beneath .

there are dark grey dots on the fold near the base and at one-fourth and violet-ferruginous projecting scales from the dorsum from near the base to one-third , with a dark fuscous dorsal spot at one-fourth .

the dorsal two-fifths is suffused with pale greyish from beyond this to a small dark grey dorsal spot at three-fourths and there are two blackish dots transversely placed on the end of the cell .

an oblique irregular light grey shade from the middle of the costa is curved round behind these dots and there are two narrow light grey fasciae between this and the termen , not reaching the costa .

the hindwings are light grey , paler towards the base and with the costal margin somewhat expanded to beyond the middle , with long rough projecting hairscales suffused with grey beneath , and a moderately long whitish subcostal hairpencil lying beneath the forewings .

antaeotricha euthrinca

this is the place for euthrinca definition . you find here euthrinca meaning , synonyms of euthrinca and images for euthrinca copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word euthrinca . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word euthrinca and , of course , euthrinca synonyms and on the right images related to the word euthrinca .
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note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
there are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
biokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright © 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
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agonoxeninae amblytenes meyrick , 1930 lunatica meyrick , 1930 anchimompha clarke , 1965 melaleuca clarke , 1965 auxotricha meyrick , 1931 ochrogypsa meyrick , 1931 homoeoprepes walsingham , 1909 homeoprepes hodges , 1978 , missp . felisae clarke , 1962 sympatrica clarke , 1962 trochiloides walsingham , 1909 microcolona meyrick , 1897 transennata meyrick , 1922 nanodacna clarke , 1964 ancora clarke , 1964 indiscriminata clarke , 1965 logística ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( colonophora ) vinacea ( meyrick , 1922 ) ( homaledra ) nicanthes meyrick , 1928 rhodoclea meyrick , 1928 pammeces zeller , 1863 albivitella zeller , 1863 citraula meyrick , 1922 crocoxysta meyrick , 1922 lithochroma walsingham , 1897 pallida walsingham , 1897 phlogophora walsingham , 1909 problema walsingham , 1915 panclintis meyrick , 1929 socia meyrick , 1929 prochola meyrick , 1915 aedilis meyrick , 1915 agypsota meyrick , 1922 basichlora meyrick , 1922 catacentra meyrick , 1917 chloropis meyrick , 1922 euclina meyrick , 1922 fuscula forbes , 1931 holomorpha meyrick , 1931 obstructa meyrick , 1915 ochromicta meyrick , 1922 oppidana meyrick , 1915 orphnopa meyrick , 1922 orthobasis meyrick , 1922 pervallata meyrick , 1922 prasophanes meyrick , 1922 revecta meyrick , 1922 semiabata meyrick , 1922 sollers meyrick , 1917 subtincta ( meyrick , 1922 ) ( syntetrernis ) syntentrernis meyrick , 1922 neocompsa meyrick , 1933 xiphodes meyrick , 1922 tocasta busck , 1912 priscella busck , 1912 zaratha walker , 1864 macrocera r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875 mesonyctia meyrick , 1909 pterodactylella walker , 1864 nivelventris r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875
elachistinae elachista treitschke , 1833 aphelosetia stephens , 1834 cycnodia herrich - schäffer , 1853 phigalia chambers , 1875 , preocc . ( duponchel , 1829 [ geometridae ] ) atachia wocke , 1876 neaera chambers , 1880 , preocc . ( robineau - desvoidy , 1830 [ diptera ] ) hecista wallengren , 1881 aphigalia dyar , 1903 irenicodes meyrick , 1919 euproteodesviette , 1954 albisquamella zeller , 1877 luciliella zeller , 1877 tersectella zeller , 1877
thioscelis meyrick , 1909 directrix meyrick , 1909 fuscata duckworth , 1967 geranomorpha meyrick , 1932 lipara duckworth , 1967 whalleyi duckworth , 1967 timocratica meyrick , 1912 lychnocrates meyrick , 1926 agramma becker , 1982 albella ( zeller , 1839 ) ( depressaria ) albitogata becker , 1982 amseli duckworth , 1962 , repl . name albella amsel , 1956 , preocc . ( not zeller , 1839 ) anelaea ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) argonais ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( stenoma ) argonias clarke , 1955 , missp . bicornuta becker , 1982 butyrota ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( stenoma ) syndicastis ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( stenoma ) constrictivalva becker , 1982 effluxa ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( lychnocrates ) fraternella ( busck , 1910 ) ( stenoma ) fuscipalpalis becker , 1982 grandis ( perty , [ 1833 ] ) ( yponomeuta ) guarani becker , 1982 isarga ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( stenoma ) leucocapna ( meyrick , 1926 ) ( lychnocrates ) leucorectis ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( stenoma ) longicilia becker , 1982 loxotoma ( busck , 1909 ) ( stenoma ) macroleuca ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) major ( busck , 1911 ) ( stenoma ) maturescens ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( stenoma ) megaleuca ( meyrick , 1912 ) ( stenoma ) melanocosta becker , 1982 melanostriga becker , 1982 meridionalis becker , 1982 monotonia ( strand , 1911 ) ( cryptolechia ) isographa meyrick , 1912 claudescens meyrick , 1925 crassa meyrick , 1925 nivea becker , 1982 palpis ( zeller , 1877 ) ( cryptolechia ) auxoleuca ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( stenoma ) haywardi busck , 1939 parvifusca becker , 1982 parvileuca becker , 1982 philomela ( meyrick , 1925 ) ( stenoma ) pompeiana meyrick , 1925 spinignatha becker , 1982 subovalis ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) stomatocosma ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) titanoleuca becker , 1982 venifurcata becker , 1982 xanthosoma ( dognin , 1913 ) ( stenoma ) a . xanthosoma ( dognin , 1913 ) ( stenoma ) sacra ( meyrick , 1918 ) ( stenoma ) b . leucocephala becker , 1982 xanthotarsa becker , 1982
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant no . deb 416078 . any opinions , findings , and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the national science foundation .
author - richard l . brown uploaded on 4 july 2009 ; last upsdated on 19 august 2015


leucinodes orbonalis , the eggplant fruit and shoot borer or brinjal fruit and shoot borer , is a moth species in the genus leucinodes .

it is found throughout the tropics in asia and africa and is a minor pest in the americas .

the length of the forewings is 8.5 – 10.5 mm for males and 9.5 – 12 mm for females .

the forewing ground colour is white , with a light - to dark brown basal area , delimited by a dark brown to grey antemedial line .

the median area has a pale brown , faint proximal discoidal stigma .

the distal discoidal stigma is pale brown , reaching from the costa to the forewing centre .

the central dorsum has a prominent orange to dark brown l-shaped or triangular spot leading to the forewing centre and often meeting with the distal discoidal stigma .

the antemedial line is sinuate , more or less distinct , but with a prominent subcostal bulge .

the subapical half of the termen has a half moon-shaped brown to grey-grown spot .

the marginal line is dotted .

the hindwing ground colour is white .

the internal area is white , with a discoidal spot , basicostally often with an auxiliary spot .

the medial line is sinuate , the distal half approaching the discoidal spot , then turning towards the dorsum .

the external area is pale brown to grey with a dotted marginal line .

larvae bore inside an eggplant fruit and feed until they pupate .

fruit feeding is the major cause of damage .

the larvae may also bore into tender shoots causing wilting and dieback of the branch terminals .

this reduces the fruit-bearing capacity of plant .

a genetically modified brinjal , called bt brinjal , has been developed to fight against l. orbonalis .

leucinodes orbonalis

note : leucinodes orbonalis has now been added to the eppo a1 list . a full datasheet is being prepared , in the meantime you can view here the data which was previously available from the eppo alert list .
bishop s , matthews l , macleod a ( 2006 ) csl pest risk analysis . york , uk . urltoken cabi ( 2007 ) crop protection compendium . datasheet on leucinodes orbonalis . urltoken van der gaag dj , stigter h ( 2005 ) pest risk analysis leucinodes orbonalis ( guénée ) . plant protection service , the netherlands . urltoken zhang b - c ( 1994 ) index of the economically important lepidoptera . cabi wallingford , uk , 468 pp .
why : since 2004 , more than 120 interceptions of solanum fruits infested by leucinodes orbonalis and imported from asia and africa have been made by several eppo member countries . the panel on phytosanitary measures recommended that this pest should be included into the eppo alert list .
janardar - singh et al . ( 1974 ) conducted laboratory tests on l . orbonalis using an entomophilic nematode .
pathway : plants for planting , fruits of solanum and other host plants from countries where l . orbonalis occurs , soil ?
vinod - sharma et al . ( 2001 ) and sridhar et al . ( 2001 ) found a correlation between the form and structure of fruits and the degree of infestation by l . orbonalis .
a number of authors have reported on the parasitoids and pathogens found to attack l . orbonalis ( see natural enemies ) . some laboratory tests have been undertaken but there have been no large - scale field tests .
early indications of attack by l . orbonalis are the result of larval feeding on flowers , flower buds and young shoot tips and stems . final - instar larvae bore into the fruits . infested fruits are characterized by small entrance holes closed by dried excrement . wilting may occur in severe infestation . l . orbonalis causes yield loss , weakens plants and the fruits produced by infested plants may be unsuitable for consumption . damage is most severe when a substantial population has built up over several generations .
a significant difference in the incidence of l . orbonalis was observed in plants transplanted at different periods in gujarat , india ( patel et al . , 1988 ) . asari and nair ( 1972 ) investigated the use of deterrents in kerala , india .
in west bengal , india , karmakar and bhattacharya ( 2000 ) showed that the pest population can be maintained at well below the economic injury level ( 0 - 11 . 75 l . orbonalis guen . / plot ) using mechanical methods of control .
the effect of intercropping coriander as a single line , double line or border crop with aubergine on infestation by l . orbonalis was compared with untreated and cypermethrin - treated monocrop aubergine treatments during the 1995 - 96 and 1996 - 97 cropping seasons at gazipur , bangladesh . the highest cost - benefit ratio was obtained from plots which had single line coriander with aubergine as an intercrop , followed by the aubergine - coriander double line intercrop , aubergine - coriander border crop and cypermethrin - treated monocrop aubergine treatments . intercropping coriander with aubergine may be useful in ipm programmes against l . orbonalis by reducing fruit infestation and the amount of insecticide used by farmers ( khorsheduzzaman et al . , 1997 ) .
panda ( 1999 ) studied 174 varieties of aubergine in the field in bhabaneswar , india . none of the entries was immune to larval attack of shoots and fruits . the mean percentage of shoot infestation varied from 1 . 61 to 44 . 11 % and fruit damage varied from 8 . 5 to 100 % . maximum shoot damage was recorded 75 days after treatment ( dat ) , with maximum fruit damage recorded at 76 - 121 dat and 99 - 114 dat in susceptible and resistant cultivars , respectively . thus , early fruiting varieties are more liable to fruit attack by l . orbonalis . leaf hair density and the number of shoots per plant played a role in restricting shoot damage . morphological characteristics such as a tight calyx and long fruits , increased resistance of the fruits to attack . l . orbonalis attack of fruits was also restricted by tightly packed seeds in the mesocarp , a low content of water , nitrogen and potassium , and a high phosphorus content . it is suggested that resistant cultivars such as pitala local 1 and sambalpur local should be grown in order to minimise the incidence of l . orbonalis .
when 1 - month - old seedlings of solanum macrocarpon m4 lines ( 10 kr - p7 - 20 , 5 kr - p7 - 33 , 5 kr - p22 - 4 , 5 kr - p21 - 2 , 5 kr - p38 - 6 and 10 kr - p2 - 10 ) , s . macrocarpon ( control ) and s . melongena cv . pusa purple long ( ppl ) were transplanted in the field in india , the shoots and fruits of cv . pusa purple long were infested with l . orbonalis but none of the shoots and only a low percentage of the fruits of m4 lines and the control were infested ( babu et al . , 1999 ) . the presence of a tough calyx cover and a high phenolic content in the m4 lines and in the control was thought to contribute to resistance to l . orbonalis .
behera et al . ( 1999 ) studied genetic diversity in aubergine for resistance to l . orbonalis in india . they found clusters in 12 genotypes and the genotype solanum indicum in cluster iii was highly resistant . awasthi ( 2000 ) , who also studied 12 aubergine genotypes in madhya pradesh , india , found the lowest percentage of fruit infestation in genotypes nurki ( 27 % ) and ch - 150 - 16 - 4 - 1 ( 32 % ) .
on which plants : its major host is aubergine ( solanum melongena ) but l . orbonalis can attack other solanaceous plants such as s . tuberosu m ( potato ) , s . aculeatissimum , s . indicum , s . myriacanthum , s . torvum , lycopersicon esculentum ( tomato ) , capsicum annuum or weeds ( s . nigrum ) . the pest has also been reported on the following crops : beta vulgaris , ipomoea batatas , mangifera indica , pisum sativum .
possible risks : aubergines ( s . melongena ) and other hosts such as tomato ( lycopersicon esculentum ) , potato ( s . tuberosum ) , and capsicum annuum are widely grown in the eppo region . in countries where l . orbonalis occurs , significant yield losses have been reported ( e . g . in asia more than 65 % yield losses are reported on aubergine ) . chemical control is the main method used ( several active substances can be applied ) but there is some indication that the pest has developed resistance . the presence of the insect may be easily overlooked during inspection , as holes can be very small . considering the tropical nature of the pest , it is unlikely that the pest will survive outdoors in the northern part of the eppo region but it probably could survive under protected conditions . more studies are needed to evaluate its establishment potential in the southern part of the eppo region which appears to be more at risk . finally , l . orbonalis has been intercepted many times on fruit consignments , but the risk of transfer from infested fruits to crops is probably rather low .
where : l . orbonalis is a tropical pest which occurs in asia and africa . eppo region : absent . asia : bangladesh , brunei darussalam , cambodia , china , india , indonesia , japan , laos , malaysia , myanmar , nepal , pakistan , philippines , saudi arabia , singapore , sri lanka , taiwan , thailand , vietnam . africa : burundi , cameroon , congo , ethiopia , ghana , kenya , lesotho , malawi , mozambique , nigeria , rwanda , sao tome & principe , sierra leone , somalia , south africa , tanzania , uganda , zambia , zimbabwe .
of eight aubergine cultivars studied in the field in jammu and kashmir , india , none were found to be absolutely tolerant of l . orbonalis ( sharma et al . , 1998 ) . the cultivars pusa purple cluster , muktakeshi and pusa purple round were graded as tolerant , and pusa kranti , arkakusmakar , br - 112 , neelam round and pusa purple long as moderately tolerant , on the basis of shoot infestation . however , on the basis of fruit infestation ( number and weight ) , the cultivars arkakusmakar and pusa purple cluster were ranked as tolerant , whereas cultivars muktakeshi and br - 112 were susceptible . pusa kranti , pusa purple long , pusa purple round and neelam round were highly susceptible .
several varieties of aubergine have been evaluated for resistance against infestation by l . orbonalis . resistance in varieties sm 17 - 4 , pbr 129 - 5 and punjab barsatiby was attributed to a large number of small fruits per plant with shorter inter / intracluster distance , late fruiting and a longer fruiting period ( dilbagh - singh et al . , 1991 ) . biochemical characters , such as total sugars and free amino acids , were positively correlated with fruit infestation , and polyphenol content was negatively correlated with attack ( darekar et al . , 1991 ) . bajaj et al . ( 1989 ) suggested that the presence of glycoalkoids in association with phenolic compounds was responsible for the resistance in variety sm - 17 - 4 .
l . orbonalis causes important yield loss but there are few detailed accounts of losses . tewari and rao ( 1989 ) developed a sequential sampling plan to identify the economic injury level for aubergine in bangalore , india ; the economic injury level was equivalent to 6 % infestation . naresh et al . ( 1986b ) reported 12 . 28 - 95 . 24 % damaged fruits in haryana , india during 1982 - 83 ; loss in fruit weight ranged from 13 . 28 to 88 . 89 % . borer infestation of the top shoots of brinjal was 73 . 3 % at the beginning of september and peaked at 86 . 6 % in the third week of september at 2 . 9 borers / plant in uttar pradesh , india ( singh et al . , 2000 ) . infestation moved to the flowers and fruits reaching 66 . 6 % of fruit by the end of october . fruit infestation decreased ( with a small peak in the third week of november ) until 0 % infestation was recorded at the start of december . temperature was positively , and relative humidity negatively , correlated with the multiplication of the pest . losses caused by the borer to fruits was 21 . 3 % . total loss was 48 . 3 % , of which 45 . 9 % was avoidable and 2 . 4 % unavoidable . the economic injury level of l . orbonalis on fruits and on shoots was calculated as 0 . 67 and 0 . 91 % , respectively . in orissa , india , the peak infestation periods were later with maximum shoot and fruit infestations occurring on november 15 - 21 and december 13 - 19 , respectively ( tripathi et al . , 1996 ) .
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jat et al . ( 2002 ) found a positive correlation between the degree of infestation and maximum temperature ; no correlation was observed with minimum temperature . relative humidity had no effect on fruit infestation in the first year but there was a positive correlation in the second year .
different concentrations of nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the soil of aubergine fields in india ( chaudhary and kashyap , 1987 ) . significant differences in pest incidences were observed between fertilized and unfertilized plots .
in orissa , india , patnaik et al . ( 1998 ) found that an increase in yield was due to applications of fertilizer rather than insecticides .
gupta et al . ( 1999 ) intercropped four spice crops ( fennel , omum , coriander and nigella ) with brinjal . significantly lower infestations were recorded on shoots ( 2 . 01 % ) , fruits ( 16 . 86 % ) , and on the basis of weight ( 18 . 10 % ) and minimum larval population ( 43 . 20 ) / 100 fruits , when three rows of nigella were planted between rows of aubergine , compared to the other treatments including the monocrop . although the monocrop showed the greatest yield ( 173 . 79 quintal / ha ) , intercropping with fennel gave the highest return for aubergine ( rs . 9451 / ha ) and significantly reduced pest infestation .
in himachal pradesh , india , chaudhary and sharma ( 2000 ) found that the aubergine variety arka kesav had a fruit borer incidence of 2 . 88 compared to 5 . 64 in variety sm 6 - 6 .
the highly resistant aubergine variety , sm - 202 , had tightly arranged seeds in the mesocarp ( lal , 1991 ) . mishra et al . ( 1988 ) attributed resistance in long - fruited varieties to thick fruit skin and closely packed vascular bundles in the pulp .
behera et al . ( 2002 ) studied the resistance of interspecific crosses ( between solanum incanum , s . indicum , s . gilo and s . melongena cultivars annamalai , aushey and pusa kranti ) and the resultant hybrids in new delhi , india . different results where obtained in terms of infestation , pollen fertility and sterility ; solanum indicum was found to be immune to fruit infestation .
due to the variable regulations around ( de - ) registration of pesticides , we are for the moment not including any specific chemical control recommendations . for further information , we recommend you visit the following resources :
insect and mite pests on eggplant : a field guide for identification and management .
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brinjal . symptoms of damage are drooping and drying of terminal shoots ; shedding of flowers ; fruits with holes plugged with excreta ; presence of pink coloured larva with brown head and sparsely distributed hairs on warts inside the shoot and fruit and grayish cocoons on the stem .
larvae are commonly parasitized by trathala flavoorbitalis ( cameron ) ( hymenoptera : ichneumonidae ) .
copyright © 2013 , icar - national bureau of agricultural insect resources . all rights reserved .
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brinjal fruit and shoot borer ( bfsb ) is a very dangerous pest of brinjal . it not only reduces the yield by making holes in shoots as well as in fruits but also reduces the aesthetic value of the fruits so loss get doubled . it is a monophagous pest feeds only on brinjal . the normal control measures like spraying of pesticides does not solve the problem instead making the environment polluted , ecological disturbance and vegetable poisoning . but if we understand the nature and behaviour of each life stage of the cycle , it is easy to replace poisonous chemicals with knowledge , local resources and skills .
larva is a internal feeder it immediately bore into the nearest tender shoot or flower or fruit just after hatching , . soon after boring into shoots or fruits , they plug the entrance hole with excreta . as a result , the affected twigs , flower and fruits dries up and may drop off .
larval feeding , inside shoots , result in wilting of the young shoot . presence of wilted shoots in an eggplant field is the surest sign of damage by this pest . the damaged shoots ultimately wither and drop off . this reduces plant growth , which in turn , reduces fruit number and size . new shoots can arise but this delays crop maturity and the newly formed shoots are also subject to larval damage . larval feeding in flowers results in failure to form fruit from damaged flowers . larval feeding inside the fruit results in destruction of fruit tissue . the feeding tunnels are often clogged with frass . this makes even slightly damaged fruit unfit for marketing . the yield loss varies from season to season and from location to location .
intercropping brinjal with other crops like cowpea , maize , corainder which improve the natural habitat for natural enemies ( like spiders , lace wings , ladybirds etc ) against the pest .
collection , destruction of dried shoot tips and bored fruits on campaign basis in an area . this is an efficient method because the larvae tend to pupate ( transform into pupa and takes rest ) in the plant residues itself . burning of the infested parts and composting the crop remains is useful in preventing the buildup of the moth populations in a given area
mass trapping of adult male moths using pheromones in fields is very efficient method to control the pest besides monitoring its population . pheromones can be used in low - cost water - trough traps @ 40 - 60 traps per acre is very efficient in avoiding the pest in the first place . the pheromones traps trap the adult male moths ( and not female ones ) which reduces the fertilizing the eggs of female moths consequently reduce the carryover of pest .
please note that this is the opinion of the author and is not certified by icar or any of its authorised agents .
damage : damage is caused by larvae which feed on fruits . eggs are laid on leaves and young shoots . hatching larvae crawl to the nearest shoots or fruits and bore inside . on fruit , larvae usually enter just below the calyx . 6 larval instars have been observed . last instar larvae bore exit holes and pupate in plant debris on the soil surface , usually near the stem of the host plant . adults are white with brown wing patterns ( wingspan of 18 to 24 mm ) and active at night . pictures can be viewed on the internet : urltoken urltoken
dissemination : adults can fly over short distances , they are considered as weak flyers but no further details are given . over longer distances , infested fruits can disseminate the pest .
if you have any good quality photographs and would like to contribute , please contact me by email at ian @ ukmoths . co . uk .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .
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calcinus is a genus of hermit crabs in the family diogenidae , containing the following species : calcinus albengai poupin & lemaitre , 2003 calcinus anani poupin & mclaughlin , 1998 calcinus argus wooster , 1984 calcinus californiensis bouvier , 1898 calcinus chilensis ( h. milne edwards , 1836 ) calcinus dapsiles mogan , 1989 calcinus elegans ( h. milne-edwards , 1836 ) calcinus explorator boone , 1930 calcinus gaimardii ( h. milne-edwards , 1848 ) calcinus gouti poupin , 1997 calcinus guamensis wooster , 1984 calcinus haigae wooster , 1984 calcinus hakahau poupin & mclaughlin , 1998 calcinus hazletti haig & mclaughlin , 1984 calcinus imperialis whitelegge , 1901 calcinus inconspicuus morgan , 1991 calcinus isabellae poupin , 1997 calcinus kurozumii asakura & tachikawa , 2000 calcinus laevimanus ( randall , 1840 ) calcinus latens ( randall , 1840 ) calcinus laurentae haig & mclaughlin , 1984 calcinus lineapropodus morgan & forest , 1991 calcinus mclaughlinae poupin & bouchard , 2006 calcinus minutus buitendijk , 1937 calcinus morgani rahayu & forest , 1999 calcinus nitidus heller , 1865 calcinus obscurus stimpson , 1859 calcinus orchidae poupin , 1997 calcinus paradoxus bouvier , 1922 calcinus pascuensis haig , 1974 calcinus pulcher forest , 1958 calcinus revi poupin & mclaughlin , 1998 calcinus rosaceus heller , 1861 calcinus seurati forest , 1951 calcinus sirius morgan , 1991 calcinus spicatus forest , 1951 calcinus talismani a. milne-edwards & bouvier , 1892 calcinus tibicen ( herbst , 1791 ) calcinus tropdiomanus lewinsohn , 1981 calcinus tubularis ( linnaeus , 1767 ) calcinus urabaensis campos & lemaitre , 1994 calcinus vachoni forest , 1958 calcinus vanninii gherardi & mclaughlin , 1994 calcinus verrillii ( rathbun , 1901 )

calcinus

species calcinus cristimanus ( h . milne edwards , 1848 ) accepted as calcinus latens ( randall , 1840 ) ( transferred to calcinus by stimpson ( 1858 ) , junior synonym )
species calcinus sulcatus h . milne edwards , 1836 accepted as calcinus tibicen ( herbst , 1791 ) ( presumably junior synonym )
species calcinus terrae - reginae de man , 1888 accepted as calcinus gaimardii ( h . milne edwards , 1848 ) ( misidentification )
species calcinus pictus ( owen , 1839 ) accepted as calcinus elegans ( h . milne edwards , 1836 ) ( superseded combination of junior synonym )
cancer tubularis linnaeus , 1767 ( transferred to calcinus by holthuis ( 1977 ) as senior synonym of c . ornatus ( roux , 1830 ) )
( of calcinus herbstii de man , 1888 ) bouvier , e . l . ( 1915 ) . decapodes marcheurs ( reptantia ) et stomatopodes recueillis a l ' ile maurice par m . paul carie . bull . scient . fr . belg . 3 ( 48 ) : 178 - 318 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of calcinus herbstii de man , 1888 ) mclaughlin , p . a . ; komai , t . ; lemaitre , r . ; listyo , r . ( 2010 ) . annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world ( exclusive of the kiwaoidea and families chirostylidae and galatheidae of the galatheoidea . part i – lithodoidea , lomisoidea and paguroidea . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no 23 , 5 - 107 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of calcinus tibicen ( herbst , 1791 ) sensu dana , 1852 ) felder , d . l . , álvarez . f . , goy , j . w . & lemaitre , r . ( 2009 ) . decapoda ( crustacea ) of the gulf of mexico , with comments on the amphionidacea , . felder , d . l . , and camp , d . k . ( eds ) , gulf of mexico - origins , waters , and biota . vol . 1 . biodiversity . pp . 1019–1104 ( texas a & m ; university press : college station , texas ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
orange - claw hermit calcinus tibicen ( herbst , 1791 ) description : the antennae and eyestalks are orange , the rest of the body and claws red , orange , maroon or even a dark reddish - brown . the tips of the legs and claws are white or yellow . one claw larger than the other . size : up to 3 cm . habitat : found on coral reefs and in rocky places . it is active during the day . spends almost all of its time on the rocks . depth : ranges from intertidal pools down to 30 m . distribution : occasional all over the caribbean . remarks : according to a french survey of brazilian specimens , this hermit appears to be most interested in shells of ( stramonita haemastoma , leucozonia nassa , pisania auritula )
lemaitre , r . ; mclaughlin , p . ( 2018 ) . world paguroidea & lomisoidea database .
türkay , m . ( 2001 ) . decapoda , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 284 - 292 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
derijard , r . ( 1966 ) . note preliminaire sur les crustaces stomatopodes et decapodes recoltes a l ' ile europa du 6 au 24 avril 1964 . mem mus natn hist nat , paris 4 ( 41 ) : 159 - 180 [ details ]
mclaughlin , p . a . ; komai , t . ; lemaitre , r . ; listyo , r . ( 2010 ) . annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world ( exclusive of the kiwaoidea and families chirostylidae and galatheidae of the galatheoidea . part i – lithodoidea , lomisoidea and paguroidea . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no 23 , 5 - 107 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of cancer tubularis linnaeus , 1767 ) linnaeus c . ( 1767 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . ed . 12 . 1 . , regnum animale . 1 & 2 . holmiae , laurentii salvii . holmiae [ stockholm ] , laurentii salvii . pp . 1 - 532 [ 1766 ] pp . 533 - 1327 [ 1767 ] . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of clibanarius rouxi heller , 1863 ) mclaughlin , p . a . ; komai , t . ; lemaitre , r . ; listyo , r . ( 2010 ) . annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world ( exclusive of the kiwaoidea and families chirostylidae and galatheidae of the galatheoidea . part i – lithodoidea , lomisoidea and paguroidea . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no 23 , 5 - 107 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of pagurus ornatus roux , 1830 ) mclaughlin , p . a . ; komai , t . ; lemaitre , r . ; listyo , r . ( 2010 ) . annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world ( exclusive of the kiwaoidea and families chirostylidae and galatheidae of the galatheoidea . part i – lithodoidea , lomisoidea and paguroidea . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no 23 , 5 - 107 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
reay , p . j . & j . haig ( 1990 ) . coastal hermit crabs ( decapoda : anomura ) from kenya , with a review and key to east african species . bulletin of marine science 46 ( 3 ) : 578 - 589 [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of pagurus lividus h . milne edwards , 1848 ) mclaughlin , p . a . ; komai , t . ; lemaitre , r . ; listyo , r . ( 2010 ) . annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world ( exclusive of the kiwaoidea and families chirostylidae and galatheidae of the galatheoidea . part i – lithodoidea , lomisoidea and paguroidea . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no 23 , 5 - 107 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of pagurus tibicen h . milne edwards , 1836 ) mclaughlin , p . a . ; komai , t . ; lemaitre , r . ; listyo , r . ( 2010 ) . annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world ( exclusive of the kiwaoidea and families chirostylidae and galatheidae of the galatheoidea . part i – lithodoidea , lomisoidea and paguroidea . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no 23 , 5 - 107 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
wong , e . c . k . ( 1990 ) . the fauna of wave - exposed sand beaches in hong kong . in asian marine biology 7 ( ed . morton , b . ) , pp147 - 159 . hong kong university press , hong kong . [ details ]
bouvier , e . l . ( 1915 ) . decapodes marcheurs ( reptantia ) et stomatopodes recueillis a l ' ile maurice par m . paul carie . bull . scient . fr . belg . 3 ( 48 ) : 178 - 318 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
m . de kluijver , g . gijswijt , r . de leon & i . da cunda
humann , p . , 1992 . reef creature identification - florida caribbean bahamas , ( ed . n . deloach ) . new world publications , inc . , paramount miller graphics , inc . , jacksonville , florida .
seepferdchen und meer - präsentiert von elena theys ! fische & seepferdchen . . .
a good many of these fish can exist in the same aquarium , but they will kill each other without insufficient space and / or food .
count therefore on about 40 gal ( 150 liters ) each , if one desires several in one tank .
hermit crabs can be lots of fun , but are not particularly useful in the tank . they are generally easy to keep , but not all species are algae eaters , some eat mostly zooplankton off the rocks .
james w . fatherree . 2010 . aquarium invertebrates : crabs in the marine aquarium - advanced aquarist - ( english ) ronald l . shimek . 2004 . marine invertebrates ( pocketexpert guide ) - tfh publications / microcosm ltd . - ( english ) bob fenner . crabs for marine aquariums ? part 1 , part 2 , part 3 - wet web media - ( english )
minimum volume
indicates the size of the tank needed to house this species under optimal conditions .
this is based on a medium size animal , which you want to keep for several years . it might be possible to keep smaller specimens for a limited period in a smaller tank . a larger tank might be needed for fully - grown specimens .
hardiness
indicates how resistant this species is to disease and how well i tolerates bad conditions in general . some species doesn ' t handle transportation very well , but that doesn ' t mean that the species isn ' t hardy under the right conditions .
in this case , a
normal
aquarium is a reef aquarium with mixed corals or a fish only aquarium with an approximately salinity of 1 . 026 ( sg ) and a temperature close to 26°c . species requiring more than a 4000 - liter tank are considered not suitable for home aquarium .
special aquariums may cover tanks with low salinity , sub - tropical temperature , deep sand bed , sea grass etc .
always reef safe : no sources indicate that this species will harm corals or other invertebrates .
often reef safe : only a few aquarists has reported problems keeping this species with corals and other invertebrates .
reef safe with caution : this species may be a threat to some types of invertebrates .
reef safe with luck : most specimens will harm corals and / or other invertebrates , but you might be lucky .
not reef safe : this species is a threat to most corals and / or other invertebrates .
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due to variations within species , your item may not look identical to the image provided .
72 - 78° f , dkh 8 - 12 , ph 8 . 1 - 8 . 4 , sg 1 . 023 - 1 . 025
the electric blue hermit crab , a very rare find , originates exclusively from the marshall islands . this crab has electrifying blue legs with black banding , and its antennae stand out with its bright orange color . both claws are close to being equal size , and are brownish green in color . this tiny crab lives in abandoned snail or triton shells , or it may resort to attacking and eating a snail so it can use the shell for its home .
the electric blue leg hermit crab is a valuable addition to an aquarium because it will eat algae including green hair algae and cyanobacteria . in addition , it provides valuable aeration by sifting through the sand . this is one hermit crab that is reef - safe .
if there is an insufficient amount of algae present , the electric blue leg hermit crab will need to be fed dried seaweed .
these are pretty , and very active . the ones that i recently got from liveaquaria all survived & immediately adapted . they keep trading off shells , which is fun . they have done much better than the halloweens . i lost two of the halloweens shortly after arrival . these little electric blue guys are fun .
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