the pseudotriakidae are a small family of ground sharks , belonging to the order carcharhiniformes , containing the false catsharks ( genera pseudotriakis and planonasus ) and gollumsharks ( genus gollum ) .

it contains the only ground shark species that exhibit intrauterine oophagy , in which developing fetuses are nourished by eggs produced by their mother .

pseudotriakidae

kento furui added the japanese common name
チヒロザメ科
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pseudotriakidae
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kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
okahammashait
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pseudotriakidae
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bass , a . j . , j . d . d ' aubrey and n . kistnasamy , 1975 . sharks of the east coast of southern africa . 2 . the families scyliorhinidae and pseudotriakidae . invest . rep . oceanogr . res . inst . , durban , ( 37 ) : 64 p .
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big deep - water bottom - dwelling shark of the continental and insular slopes from 200 to 1500 m . found in all oceans from madagascar to taiwan and hawaii , and to iceland . a large , bulky , dark - brown , soft - bodied shark with elongated , catlike eyes and nictitating eyelids , large spiracles , a huge , wide , angular mouth that reaches behind eyes , very short labial furrows , numerous small cuspidate teeth in 200 or more rows in each jaw . two large spineless dorsal fins and an anal fin , the first dorsal fin being low , long and keel - like . caudal fin with a strong ventral lobe . ovoviviparous , with litters of 2 to possibly 4 young . probably feeds on a variety of deepwater bony fishes , elasmobranchs and invertebrates .
greek , pseudes = false + greek , triakis = thrice ( ref . 45335 ) .
the list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions , which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist .
rather , it reflects the current content of fishbase , and the progress with respect to synchronization with the catalog of fishes . however , we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in fishbase , to start new work on the family , or to cross - check with other lists .
but we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value . in particular , for published scientific , we suggest then to cite it in the material and method section as a useful tool to conduct the research , but again , not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference .
unless it is explicitly precised , the list is not complete , please search all original names published for the family in the catalog of fishes ( genera , species ) , including those with uncertain or unknown status , that are not included in fishbase when they are not attached to a valid species .
this list uses some data from catalog of fishes ( not shown but used to sort names ) .
in the column coff , the digit indicates the status of synchronization with coff : 0 : not checked ; 1 : same status ; 2 : different status ; 3 : other combination ; 4 : synonym in coff ; 5 : species / subspecies issue ; 6 : synonym of another species in coff ; 7 : not in coff ; 8 : should not be in coff . the coff version currently used is the one published on 23 - 07 - 2014 ( ref . 97102 ) .
when subfamilies are recognized , nominotypical subfamily first then other subfamilies by alphabetical order .
type genus of the family first ( or of subfamily when subfamilies are recognized ) then other genera by chronological order of description ( and alphabetical order ) .
type species of the genus first by chronological order ( and alphabetical order ) , with last listed misapplied names in a light gray font .
with a spiral valve of 17 turns . colour plain except for darker fins . development
see compagno ( 1979 ) for a discussion of the rationalle for recognizing the family and its relationships to other carcharhinoids . the odd new zealand proscylliid
unpublished manuscript ( as of 15 - oct - 2002 ) : moore , john a . , karsten e . hartel , james e . craddock , and john k . galbraith .
an annotated list of deep water fishes from off new england , with new area records
fao fisheries synopsis , no . 125 , vol . 4 , pt . 2
compagno , leonard j . v . / hamlett , william c . , ed .
moore , jon a . , karsten e . hartel , james e . craddock , and john k . galbraith
nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .
full author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , héctor espinosa - pérez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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there are two species in this family . the false cat shark is around 7 - 10 feet in length and is dark brown or gray . it is found in deep waters of the atlantic , indian , and pacific oceans at depths of 650 - 4 , 900 feet . it has a long , slender body ; long , narrow , oval eyes ; and a long , low first dorsal fin .
the slender smoothhound is also known as the gollum shark . it is found in the waters around australia and new zealand . it is slender brown shark , about 3 . 5 feet in length . it has a broad , flat head and a bell - shaped snout .
status taken from icun redlist . if no status is listed , there is not enough data to establish status , or there is no status data for the species .
the false catshark is found in deep waters in the atlantic , pacific , and indian oceans . source : australian museum intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no
slender smoothhound - gollum attenuatus the slender smoothhound is found in deep waters off the coasts of new zealand and australia . source : museum victoria intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : no
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; this species matures at about 6 to 7 . 5 inches ( 15 to 19 centimetres ) , rivaling the smallest squaloids in size . in addition to its small size at maturity , this species is remarkable for the large size of its pups compare to with their mother : a 7 - inch ( 18 - centimetre ) female might give birth to one or even two 4 . 3 - inch ( 11 - centimetre ) pups . it is possible that female pygmy ribbontails grow considerable when pregnant as only the larger females contain near - or full - tem fetuses , while small females contain only embryos .
reefquest centre for shark research text and illustrations © r . aidan martin copyright | privacy
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kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
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gollum attenuatus ( garrick , 1954 )
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kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
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pseudotriakis microdon de brito capello , 1868
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
eschmeyer , w . n . , fricke , r . and van der laan , r . ( eds . ) . 2018 . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . updated 29 march 2018 . available at : urltoken .
this species has been reported from new caledonia in an unpublished checklist of fishes . however , the specimens from there represent an undescribed species of gollum . a second undescribed species occurs at the philippines ( l . j . v . compagno pers . comm . ) .
justification : gollum attenuatus is endemic to new zealand and adjacent oceanic ridges , and taken as bycatch in bottom trawl fisheries . fecundity is extremely low ( two pups / litter ) , but there is no information on population size or status . however , large parts of the species ' range ( norfolk and three kings ridges ) are outside the fished areas , suggesting that there is a relatively unfished reservoir . should these areas become fished in future , the status could move quickly towards a threatened category .
new zealand and ridges to the north ( norfolk ridge , three kings ridge ) . depth range 129 to 724 m , with greatest abundance in 300 to 600 m .
found on flat plateaux to steep slopes on the upper to mid continental slope . trawled over open , soft seabed , but may also occur over rocky habitats . food is varied including sharks , teleosts , gastropods , squid , crustaceans and brittle stars . length at maturity of both sexes is 70 cm total length ( tl ) , and maximum length of 110 cm tl . litter size is usually two embryos , which are born at about 40 cm tl .
caught as bycatch by bottom trawlers and bottom longliners in new zealand waters . fishing effort on the ridges north of new zealand is probably low , and catches therefore minimal .
francis , m . p . ( ssg australia & oceania regional workshop , march 2003 ) . 2003 .
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fairly large and erect , skin relatively rough . colour pattern of numerous small bright yellow spots about size of
or more ; 8 or 9 dusky grey saddle marks on back ; no dark spots . size large , to 1 . 2 m .
; based on a stuffed specimen in the british museum ( natural history ) ) and pakistan ( quereshi , 1972 ) . bass , d ' aubrey and kistnasamy ( 1975 ) noted that day ' s ( 1878 , fig . 190 , no . 1 ) illustration of his indian
syntypes : rijksmuseum van natuurlijke historie , leiden , and british museum ( natural history ) .
fowler , h . w . , 1941 . the fishes of the groups elasmobranchii , holocephali , isospondyli , and ostariophysi obtained by us bureau of fishing steamer albatross . bull . u . s . natl . mus . , 100 ( 13 ) : 879 p .
smith , j . l . b . , 1949 . the sea fishes of southern africa . johannesburg , central news agency ltd . , 550 p .
springer , s . , 1979 . a revision of the catsharks , family scyliorhinidae . noaa tech . rep . nmfs circ . , ( 422 ) : 97 p .
moderately short and stout . colour pattern of 7 light grey - brown saddles on a lighter , pale - grey brown background , these saddles obscure or absent in adults , pectorals dusky above , underside unspotted ; fins without conspicuous light margins . a large
- cases have yet to be found . this suggests that adults mostly live in deeper : water than these juveniles and lay eggs there , or are geographically displaced , perhaps off northern mozambique .
locality : about 24 to 35 km off unvoti river , natal , south africa in 220 to 238 m depth .


lichenaula lichenea is a species of moth of the xyloryctidae family .

it is known in australia from the australian capital territory , new south wales and queensland .

adults are on wing in march and april .

lichenaula lichenea

lichenaula lichenea meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 49
lichenaula lichenea meyr . common , 1990 , moths of australia , melbourne university press . 227 - 230 [ 227 ] .
lichenaula lichenea meyr . turner , 1898 . the xyloryctidae of queensland . annals of the queensland museum 4 : 1–32 [ 19 ] .
lichenaula lichenea meyr . lower , 1896 : a catalogue of victorian heterocera . part xix . the victorian naturalist , 12 : 149 - 152 [ 150 ] .
lichenaula lichenea meyr . common , 1963 , australian moths , jacaranda press , 1 - 128 ( 50 - 54 ) [ 52 - 53 , fig 107 ] .
lichenaula lichenea meyr . common , 1970 : lepidoptera ( moths and butterflies ) , the insects of australia , melbourne university press , 765 - 866 [ 824 ] .
among the smaller species , some such as lichenaula lichenea meyr . ( 107 , male 0 . 9 inch ) feed amongst lichens on tree trunks . ( common , 1963 ) .
lichenaula lichenea meyr . philpott , 1927 : the maxillae in the lepidoptera . transactions and proceedings of the royal society of new zealand , vol . 57 , 721 - 745 [ 736 ] .
lichenaula fumata turner , 1898 ; ann . qd . mus . 4 : 17
lichenaula goniodes turner , 1898 ; ann . qd . mus . 4 : 17
lichenaula ignota turner , 1898 ; ann . qd . mus . 4 : 21
lichenaula melanoleuca turner , 1898 ; ann . qd . mus . 4 : 19
lichenaula onychodes turner , 1898 ; ann . qd . mus . 4 : 19
lichenaula appropinquans lucas , 1901 ; proc . r . soc . qd 16 : 87
lichenaula lichenea meyrick , 1890 . common , in nielsen , edwards , & rangsi , 1996 , checklist of the lepidoptera of australia . monographs on australian lepidoptera , 4 : i - xiv , 1 - 529 & cd - rom [ 87 ] .
lichenaula lichenea meyrick , 1890 . descriptions of australian lepidoptera . part i . xyloryctidae . transactions of the royal society of south australia 13 : 23–81 [ 49 ] . syntype ( s ) bmnh number unknown ♂♀ , sydney , bathurst and cooma , nsw ; melbourne , vic .
t . r . soc . s . autr . xiii 46 : type [ undulatella wlk . = lichenea m . [ e . australia ] . ( fletcher , 1929 ) .
lichenaula arisema meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 48
lichenaula calligrapha meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 48
lichenaula lithina meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 49
lichenaula mochlias meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 52
lichenaula musica meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 51
lichenaula selenophora lower , 1892 ; trans . r . soc . s . austr . 15 : 16
lichenaula tuberculata meyrick , 1890 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 13 : 50
lichenaula circumsignata lucas , 1900 ; proc . r . soc . qd 15 : 155 ; tl : brisbane
lichenaula petulans lucas , 1900 ; proc . r . soc . qd 15 : 157 ; tl : brisbane
lichenaula tortriciformis lucas , 1900 ; proc . r . soc . qd 15 : 158 ; tl : brisbane
lichenaula neboissi f . g . neumann , 1970 . [ nomen nudum ? ] . holotype nmv ♂ ballarat , victoria .
lichenaula drosias lower , 1899 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 24 ( 1 ) : 102
lichenaula onychotypa turner , 1939 ; pap . proc . r . soc . tasmania 1938 : 85 ; tl : tasmania , hobart
the larvae of some , such as l . lichenea meyr . ( fig 22 . 18 ) feed on lichens , sheltering in a tube constructed of silk and lichen fragments in a crevice in a dead tree trunk , wooden fence or rock and browsing beneath webbing on the lichens growing on the surface . the wing pattern of l . lichenea matches the lichens amongst which it rests . the species is distributed from southern queensland to southern new south wales and , no doubt , victoria . ( common , 1990 ) .
phthonerodes lichenea m . senior synonym of p . undulatella , wlk . fletcher , t . b . , 1929 , a list of generic names used for microlepidoptera . memoirs of the department of agriculture of india , 11 : 1 - 244 [ 126 ] .
the larvae of some , such as l . choriodes meyr . ( fig 36 . 32c ) and l . lichenea meyr . , feed upon lichens growing on fences and rocks , sheltering in a gallery of silk and refuse particles . ( common , 1970 ) .
species examined : lichenaula lichenea meyr . , telecrates laetiorella walk . , odites pudica low . , eschatura lemurias meyr . , chalarotona intatescens meyr . , scieropepla reversella walk . , catoryctis eugramma meyr . , procometes hylonoma . , agriophora confertella walk . , uzucha humeralis walk . , maroga unipunctana don . , xylorycta melaleuca turn . , cryptophaga rubescens lew . , c . nubila luc . , neodrepta luteotactella walk .
lichenaula melanoleuca turner , 1898 , the xyloryctidae of queensland . annals of the queensland museum 4 : 1–32 [ 19 ] . holotype anic ♀ , ballandean , qld .
lichenaula melanoleuca turn . tillyard , 1926 , insects of australia and new zealand . sydney , angus & robertson , 1 - 560 . ( 425 , pl . 28 , fig . 38 ) .
of smaller species we may mention . . . lichenaula melanoleuca turn . ( pl . 28 , fig . 38 ) , with forewings a patchwork of black and white . ( tillyard , 1926 ) .
lichenaula lichenaea meyr . lower , 1917 , the lepidoptera of broken hill , new south wales . part iii . transactions of the royal society of south australia , 41 , 369 - 477 [ 370 ] .
lichenaula onychotypa turner , 1939 . a second revision of the lepidoptera of tasmania . papers and proceedings of the royal society of tasmania , 1938 : 57–115 [ 85 ] . holotype anic ♂ , hobart , tas .
lichenaula petulans t . p . lucas , 1900 , new species of queensland lepidoptera . proc . r . soc . qld . 15 : 137 - 161 . syntype ( s ) sama 3♂♀ , may orchard , brisbane , qld .
meyrick , 49 . common among the granite rocks at ballandean ( 2 , 500 feet ) . near wallangarra . ( turner , 1898 ) .
♂ genitalia . cronulla , nsw , 28 february 1952 , collected by i . f . b . common . anic slide no . g272 , dissected by i . f . b . common , 1959 . photomicrograph taken at anic , canberra .
aedeagus . cronulla , nsw , 28 february 1952 , collected by i . f . b . common . anic slide no . g272 , dissected by i . f . b . common , 1959 . photomicrograph taken at anic , canberra .
food plants : larva in silk gallery in crevice . larval foodplant : lichen . ( edwards , 2003 ) .
australian capital territory , new south wales , queensland . endemic . ( edwards , 2003 ) .
the caterpillar lives in a tubular shelter made of silk covered in bits of lichen , in a crevice in a rock or tree .
the adult moths have white wings nearly covered with black blotches . the wingspan is about 2 cms .
melbourne university press , 1990 , fig . 22 . 18 , p . 227 .
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being a preliminary to the shortening of the structure . the cardo and stipes are of normal form and chitinization . the haustellum is short but its two halves are always closely fitted to each other , and the organ is doubtless functional . on the apical half it bears a number of prominent sensory papillae . in cryptophaga the haustellum shows its greatest reduction , and here also the maxillary palpi are most vestigial .
cryptolechia afflictella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 758
polynesa maculosa turner , 1898 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 22 : 201 ; tl : brisbane
caesyra [ sic ] pelodesma lower , 1899 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 24 ( 1 ) : 110
cryptolechia undulatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 756
xylorycta terminata meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 444 ; tl : new guinea , upper setekwa r . , swow mts . , 2000 - 3000ft
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
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walker , 1864 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 27 : 1 - 286 ( 1863 ) , 28 : 287 - 562 ( 1863 ) , 29 : 563 - 835 ( 1864 ) , 30 : 837 - 1096 ( 1864 )
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listed below are a number of moth species , found in australia and which , in the larval stage , eat lichens . captive larvae may be made to eat foods other than what they would eat naturally . however , for the species listed below there is evidence ( or strong suspicion ) that the larvae eat lichens in the wild . some of the species listed below are also found outside australia but i have given only the australian distribution .
these are small moths , with body lengths between about 5 and 10 millimetres , depending on the species .
the species is found in southern australia . the larvae feed on lichens growing on trunks , fence posts or rocks and lichen fragments are incorporated in the larval cases .
this moth is found from central queensland to southern new south wales . the larvae can appear in large numbers on the outside walls of older wooden houses and often enter houses ( probably in search of pupation sites ) . such numbers or activities may cause concern but the larvae are not harmful and feed on the fine lichens that can be found on old woodwork .
this species is found between northern new south wales and cairns in northern queensland . its larvae have been found feeding on lichens growing on the trunks of pawpaw trees .
the first species is known from southern queensland to victoria and the adults rest on lichen - covered rocks . the larvae of both species are thought to eat lichens .
the moth ' s wing pattern matches the lichens on which it rests . the species is found from southern queensland to southern new south wales and the range probably extends into victoria . the larvae feed on lichens and shelter in tubes constructed from silk and lichen fragments .
this species is found from southern queensland to southern new south wales and feeds on lichens that grow in shady places on rocks or cliff faces .
the larvae of many narcyia species feed on lichens and make cases which incorporate lichen fragments . narcyia basiferana is found in new south wales and southern queensland while narcyia cataphracta is found in victoria , tasmania and south - east south australia . the latter is sometimes common in pine plantations where it feeds on the lichens growing on the trees .
the species ranges from southern queensland to victoria , tasmania and south - eastern south australia . the larvae are found on the trunks or branches of various plants and feed on lichens and possibly algae as well .
the species is found from southern queensland to south australia . the larvae live in silk - lined vertical tunnels in the ground . across the soil surface the larva constructs a soil - encrusted , silken tube that is attached firmly to the tunnel mouth and open at the other end . when not occupied by the larva this tube collapses . at night time the larva takes up position at the tube ' s open end and browses on terrestrial lichens . the larva also collects lichen fragments which it stores in a chamber just below the soil surface , so giving the larva a food supply for times when conditions are unsuitable for surface browsing .
this species has been found in north and south queensland and from there south to victoria , tasmania and south - east south australia . near adelaide larvae of this species have been seen eating moss and , less frequently , lichens on rocks in grassy areas .
the first species is found in southern queensland and new south wales and feeds on the lichens found on sandstone rock faces . the larval cases are ornamented with sand grains . the second species is found from southern queensland to victoria . the larvae feed on tree - trunk lichens and construct cases ornamented with lichen fragments .
this species , found from southern queensland to victoria , is thought to feed on lichens .
common , ifb . ( 1993 , repr . of 1990 ed . ) . moths of australia . melbourne university press , melbourne
written by heino lepp , updated on web 10 january , 2014 , webmaster , anbg ( anbg - info @ urltoken ) © 2012 australian national botanic gardens and australian national herbarium , canberra . all rights reserved
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turner , a . j . 1898 ,
descriptions of new microlepidoptera from queensland
, transactions of the royal society of south australia , vol . 22 , pp . 200 - 214
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : f785603b - a69c - 4c61 - ae37 - c536608e8f48
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 261069
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common , in nielsen , edwards , & rangsi , 1996 , checklist of the lepidoptera of australia . monographs on australian lepidoptera , 4 : i - xiv , 1 - 529 & cd - rom [ 88 ] .
beccaloni , g . w . , scoble , m . j . , robinson , g . s . & pitkin , b . ( editors ) . 2003 . the global lepidoptera names index ( lepindex ) . world wide web electronic publication .
australian capital territory , new south wales , south australia , tasmania , victoria , western australia . endemic .
: 6–23 [ 10 ] . syntype ( s ) anic 2♀ , brisbane , qld .
crypsicharis ( ? ) semnospora meyrick , 1921 . exotic microlepidoptera . 2 ( 13–15 ) : 385 - 416 , 417 - 448 , 449 - 480 [ 445 ] . holotype sama ♀ , hornsby , nsw .
female , 18 - 21 mm . head , thorax , and palpi purplish - fuscous , irrorated with whitish ; internal surface of palpi mainly whitish . antennae dark - fuscous . abdomen grey ; tuft whitish . legs whitish ; anterior femora , and anterior and middle tibiae dark - fuscous , irrorated with whitish : anterior tarsi dark - fuscous , with whitish annulations . forewings oblong , costa moderately arched at base , thence nearly straight , apex rectangular , hindmargin slightly sinuate , scarcely oblique ; purplish - fuscous , densely irrorated with whitish , less so along a line from base to anal angle ; cilia fuscous . hind wings with hindmargin sinuate beneath apex ; grey ; cilia pale - grey , with a darker basal line .
turn . , from which it differs in the purplish - fuscous colouring and absence of markings .
♀ . 19 mm . head grey mixed whitish , face whitish - ochreous . palpi whitish irrorated dark fuscous . thorax dark grey irrorated whitish . forewings suboblong , termen slightly sinuate , somewhat oblique , veins quite as in neocosma ; grey - whitish suffusedly irrorated dark fuscous ; costal edge whitish on median third ; stigmata very obscure , dark fuscous , plical rather beyond first discal : cilia whitish - grey with lines of dark fuscous irroration . hindwings 6 and 7 connate ; grey ; cilia pale grey , a darker subbasal line .
new south wales , hornsby , september ; 1 ex . ( coll . lower ) .
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common , in nielsen , edwards , & rangsi , 1996 , checklist of the lepidoptera of australia . monographs on australian lepidoptera , 4 : i - xiv , 1 - 529 & cd - rom [ 87 ] .
ballandean ( 2 , 500 feet ) , near wallangarra : one specimen in february .
♂♀ 13 - 18 mm . head , antennae , and palpi slaty grey . thorax slaty grey , fuscous grey posteriorly . abdomen light silvery grey . forewings with costa rounded , hindmargin gently rounded , inner margin bowed before anal angle , slaty grey with silver specks and black dots , only discernible in special lights ; subhindmarginal and hindmarginal black lines faintly defined . cilia slaty grey barred with black . hindwings silvery grey , darker diffused toward hindmargin . cilia grey , with lighter line at base . may orchard , brisbane . three specimens ; at light .


prince demidoff 's bushbaby ( galagoides demidovii ) , also known as prince demidoff 's galago , is a species of primate in the family galagidae .

it is native to parts of tropical west and central africa .

prince demidoff ' s bushbaby

prince demidoff ' s bushbaby [ galago demidoff syn galagoide . . . | english dictionary
galagoides demidoff ( g . fischer , 1806 ) – demidoff ' s dwarf galago , prince demidoff ' s bushbaby
galagoides demidoff demidoff ( g . fischer , 1806 ) – demidoff ' s dwarf galago
original file name : galagodemidoffiiwolf - prince demidoff ' s bushbaby , prince demidoff ' s galago ( galagoides demidovii ) . jpg resolution : 1656x2206 file size : 1963455 bytes upload time : 2017 : 01 : 23 16 : 24 : 07
search prince demidoff ' s bushbaby [ galago demidoff syn galagoides demidoff galagoides demidovii ] and thousands of other words in english definition and synonym dictionary from reverso . you can complete the definition of prince demidoff ' s bushbaby [ galago demidoff syn galagoides demidoff galagoides demidovii ] given by the english definition dictionary with other english dictionaries : wikipedia , lexilogos , oxford , cambridge , chambers harrap , wordreference , collins lexibase dictionaries , merriam webster . . .
thomas’s bushbabies are brownish - grey with grey underparts , prominent dark eye patches , narrow faces , and dark rostra . thomas’s bushbabies resemble prince demidoff’s bushbabies (
, commonly called demidoff ' s bushbaby , is widely found in west and central equatorial africa . common in this large range ,
demidoff’s bushbabies also use vocalizations to communicate with conspecifics . six distinct types of calls have been defined within
the thick tailed bushbaby ( otolemur crassicaudatus ) , is a nocturnal primate whose child - like cries and thick tails gave rise to its name . it is the largest of the bushbaby species . this bushbaby has silvery brown to gray fur , large eyes and large ears that often furl and unfurl – giving the bushbaby a quizzical expression .
the iucn lists the thick tailed bushbaby as a species of least concern because it has no major threats .
demidoff’s dwarf galago occurs from senegal across to western tanzania , and on bioko island in the gulf of guinea ( 1 ) ( 2 ) . insufficient evidence is currently available to assess whether several distinct geographic clusters of demidoff’s dwarf galago actually comprise separate subspecies , or possibly species ( 7 ) .
demidoff’s bushbabies locate prey using auditory and visual cues , and often will capture an insect just as it takes off . the disturbance caused by a bush baby’s locomotion through the canopy causes the prey to flee . this movement cues a bushbaby to the prey’s location . prey can escape detection by remaining immobile , but as soon as the slightest movement occurs , a bushbaby can spot the insect . bushbabies do this by directing their ears in the correct direction and localizing the sound . experiments have shown that
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full name prince rogers nelson . born 1958 , u . s . rock singer , songwriter , record producer , and multi - instrumentalist . his albums include dirty mind ( 1981 ) , purple rain ( 1984 ) , parade ( 1986 ) , and emancipation ( 1996 ) . he changed his stage name to a symbol and is often referred to as ` the artist formerly known as prince '
bioko biodiversity protection program . 1998 .
bioko biodiversity protection program
( on - line ) . demidoff ' s galago . accessed march 12 , 2004 at urltoken .
engages in a period of self - grooming , yawning , and stretching . demidoff ' s bushbabies begin to exit the nest and search for food only after the light intensity reaches a point between 150 to 20 lux .
in order to actually catch prey during take off , demidoff ' s bushbabies will firmly grasp a branch with the hind feet , and then thrust the body forward towards the prey . once the insect has been captured ,
a man ' s double - breasted frock coat worn esp . in the early 20th century
cite this page as : gron kj . 2008 december 8 . primate factsheets : lesser bushbaby ( galago ) taxonomy , morphology , & ecology . < urltoken > . accessed 2018 july 9 .
happold , d . , m . happold . 1992 . termites as food for the thick - tailed bushbaby ( otolemur crassicaudatus ) in malawi . folia primatol , 58 : 118 - 120 .
the senegal bushbaby ( galago senegalensis ) , also known as the senegal galago , the lesser galago or the lesser bush baby , is a small , nocturnal primate , a member of the galago family galagidae .
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breeding season : although thomas ' s bushbabies breed year round , most births occur from january through april .
to cite this page : sampson , c . 2004 .
galago demidoff
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
is the smallest primate found in africa . the head and body length is between 105 and 123 mm , and the tail is 150 to 205 mm long . demidoff ' s bushbabies weigh between 46 and 88 gm . the color of the dorsal fur varies from bright gingery to gray - brown , whereas the fur on the ventrum is a paler tan . the ears are relatively short , un - furred , and mobile , and the nose is pointed and upturned . demidoff ' s bushbabies have a distinct white stripe running between the eyes , down the nose .
the ranges of different bushbaby species overlap often with up to four species of bushbaby sympatric at any given location . lesser bushbabies may also be sympatric with two species of potto ( perodicticus sp . ) and / or two species of greater bushbabies ( otolemur sp . ) ( nekaris & bearder 2007 ) . in africa , up to 8 sympatric species of nocturnal primate , including bushbabies , can be found at a specific location ( bearder 1999 ) .
grubb et al . ( 2003 ) retained this taxon as galagoides demidovii , while groves ( 2005 ) listed this taxon as galago demidoff . the species is sympatric over most of its range with galagoides thomasii , and frequently confused . this is an amended version of the 2008 assessment correcting the spelling of the specific epithet from
demidovii
to demidoff
.
mcgraw , w . s . 1998b . three monkeys nearing extinction in the forest reserves of eastern côte d’ivoire .
easteal s , collett c , betty d . the mammalian molecular clock . springer , berlin heidelberg new york , 1995
the composition of the diet changes depending upon the time of feeding . demidoff’s bushbabies feed predominately on fruits and gums when they initially arise during the early hours of the night ( 18 . 30 to 24 . 00 ) . during this time period , fruits and gums make up 35 % of their diet . during the later hours of the night , from 24 . 00 to 6 . 00 , such foods make up only 20 % of the diet . demidoff’s bushbabies generally eat fruit slowly , using their tooth scrapers to pick off tiny pieces . they never consume the kernels . fruits often come from trees of the genus
comments : g . demidoff species group . bearder et al . ( 1995 ) placed this group in genus galagoides , but groves ( 2001c ) and delpero et al . ( 2000 ) considered this premature , as it is unclear how species should be assorted between galagoides and galago . nash et al . ( 1989 ) recognized g . thomasi elliot , 1907 , as a full species , partially sympatric with demidoff ; followed by groves ( 2001c ) , who considered that a number of other species would eventually be recognized in addition . for use of demidoff in place . . .
mcgraw , w . s . 1998c . comparative locomotion and habitat use of six monkeys in the tai forest , ivory coast .
demidoff’s dwarf galago is threatened in some parts of its range by habitat loss associated with deforestation and conversion of land for agriculture . nonetheless , these actions are not thought to be having a significant impact on the overall stability of its population . consequently , this species is classified as least concern on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
thomas’s bushbabies help to disperse seeds of the fruits that they eat . they also presumably serve as prey for smaller forest carnivores and regulate arthropod communities through their predation . trypanosomes have been found in the blood of thomas’s bushbabies in kivu province , democratic republic of congo .
during the study it was observed that the chimps searched for hollows where a bushbaby might reasonably be expected to sleep . once such a roost was found , the chimps broke a branch from a nearby tree and sharpened the end using their teeth . they would then rapidly and repeatedly stab into the roost . after a period of stabbing , they removed the wooden spear and tasted or smelled the tip , presumably seeking blood . once success was confirmed in such a manner they reached into or smashed the roost , retrieved the body of the bushbaby and ate it .
is so good at localizing sounds that individuals can follow the exact movements of a flying locust from the other side of a plywood screen . demidoff ' s bushbabies move their heads , just as they would if they could actually see the insect . this ability to track insects is highly adaptive , as bushbabies usually hunt in the dense foliage of invading lianes .
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nowak , r . m . ( 1999 ) walker ' s mammals of the world . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , maryland .
2007 .
thomas ' s galago ( galago thomasi )
( on - line ) . accessed february 01 , 2009 at urltoken .
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bearder , s . ( 2008 ) . galagoides thomasi . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 1 january 2009 .
bearder , s . ( 2008 ) . otolemur crassicaudatus . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 1 january 2009 .
rumpler y , warter s , rabarivola c , petter j - j , dutrillaux b . chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs . xii . chromosomal banding study of
information on this topic is not available in the literature . however , we can assume that as insectivores , these animals exert an impact on the populations of prey insects . as part of their fruit eating behavior , it is likely that these animals help to disperse seeds . to the extent that any other species relies upon demidoff ' s bushbabies for food , they may also have an impact upon predator populations .
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thomas’s bushbabies do not play any major economic roles for humans . they may provoke some interest by ecotourists , but they are active at night and rarely observed .
there are no known conservation measures in place for demidoff’s dwarf galago , but it is present in several protected areas ( 1 ) . in addition , this species is listed on appendix ii of cites and consequently can only be traded internationally under a permit ( 3 ) . in order to inform conservation efforts , further taxonomic research is necessary to assess whether some geographic populations should be regarded as separate subspecies , or even species ( 7 ) .
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social grooming is absent in the greater galagos compared to other primate species . it is instead filled with a behavior known as reciprocal licking to clean each other ' s fur .
generally have only one pregnancy per year . the breeding season for demidoff ' s bushbabies is dependent on the area in which they are found . in the congo , births occur between september and october and between january and february . in gabon , births occur all year round , although there is an increase between january and april when there is an abundance of fruits and insects . this species generally produces a single offspring per pregnancy , although twins do occur .
demidoff’s bushbabies are primarily insectivores ; 70 % of their diet is composed of insects , mostly small beetles ( 45 % ) , nocturnal moths ( 38 % ) , and caterpillars ( 10 % ) . they also consume fruits ( 19 % of their diet ) and gums ( 10 % ) . because of their small size , they can feed almost exclusively on prey items , whereas the other species of galagos must rely on vegetation to make up a greater portion of their diets .
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are weaned after 2 months and reach adult size around 6 months of age . after weaning , the young still get some help in foraging . because their prey - capture responses are not fully developed , the young of this species require assistance in order to find and acquire food . young bushbabies follow an adult ( usually the mother , another female in the group , or a dominant male ) out as they hunt . this helps them to locate prey . demidoff’s bushbabies reach sexual maturity 8 to 10 months after birth .
because of their small size , thomas’s bushbabies are likely to be preyed on by nocturnal predators such as small carnivores and owls . during the daytime , even though they sleep in small tree hollows or crevices ,
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nowak , r . , j . paradiso . 1983 . galagos , bush babies . pp . 364 - 367 in walker ' s mammals of the world . baltimore and london : the john hopkins university press .
holenweg , a . k . , noë , r . , and schabel , m . 1996 . waser’s gas model applied to associations between red colobus and diana monkeys in the tai national park , ivory coast .
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perkin , a . , s . bearder . 2004 .
minziro forest reveals new galago and bat records for tanzania
( on - line ) . the arc journal . accessed february 01 , 2009 at urltoken .
bearder , s . , butynski , t . m . & de jong , y . ( 2008 ) . galago senegalensis . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 1 january 2009 .
suborder : strepsirrhini infraorder : lorisiformes family : galagidae genus : galago species : g . alleni , g . cameronensis , g . demidoff , g . gabonensis , g . gallarum , g . granti , g . matschiei , g . moholi , g . nyasae , g . orinus , g . rondoensis , g . senegalensis , g . thomasi , g . zanzibaricus
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oates , j . f . , abedi - lartey , m . , mcgraw , w . s . , struhsaker , t . t . , and whitesides , g . h . 2000 . extinction of a west african red colobus monkey .
whitesides , g . h . , oates , j . f . , green , s . m . , and kluberdanz , r . p . 1988 . estimating primate densities from transects in a west african rain forest : a comparison of techniques .
is between 111 and 114 days , and lactation lasts for approximately 45 days . newborns weigh between 5 and 10 g . new mothers isolate themselves for a one or two week period , though siblings and the dominant male are permitted to approach the newborn a few hours after the birth . when the young bushbaby is a few days old , the mother takes it out of the nest , leaving it hidden in the dense vegetation while she forages , before carrying it back to the safety of the nest as dawn approaches .
thomas’s bushbabies are found in a variety of different habitats , including primary and secondary forests , marshy areas , gallery forest , savanna , and open woodlands such as miombo . they inhabit both lowland forests and highland forest and wooded areas up to 2000 meters .
bushbabies are small primates ranging in average mass by species from 70 to 314 g ( 2 . 5 to 11 . 1 oz ) , with g . alleni the heaviest on average with g . demidoff and g . rondoensis the lightest on average ( nash et al . 1989 ; olson & nash 2002 - 2003 ; butynski et al . 2006 ; perkin 2007 ) . head and body length averages by species range from 19 . 9 cm to 12 . 9 cm ( 7 . 8 to 5 . 1 in ) , again with g . alleni the largest and g . demidoff and g . rondoensis the smallest ( nash et al . 1989 ; olson & nash 2002 - 2003 ; butynski et al . 2006 ; mittermeier et al . 2007 ) . the tail is longer than the body ( olson & nash 2002 - 2003 ) .
curtin , s . h . , and olson , d . k . 1982 . ranging patterns of black - and - white colobus and diana monkeys in bia national park , ghana . paper presented at the 53rd annual meeting of the american association of physical anthropologists .
demidoff’s bushbabies can be found in either primary or secondary rainforests . due to their small size , these animals can live in the dense foliage of the forest where other prosimians would have a great deal of difficulty moving . they prefer biotope zones with fine branches and / or liane curtains , where the diameters of their supports are generally less than 5 cm . in primary forests , this area is high in the canopy ( 5 to 40 m ) . in secondary forests , and in tree fall zones in primary forests , they are usually found in bushy vegetation only a few meters ( 0 to 5 m ) off the ground . they can often be seen in the dense vegetation by the roadside and in ditches .
averages 146 mm , with a range of 123 to 166 mm , tail length averages 261 mm , ranging from 150 to 233 mm . thomas’s bushbabies weigh , on average , 99 g , but varies in weight from 55 to 149 g . males are larger than females .
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the range of thomas’s bushbabies extends from cote d ' ivoire through cameroon , angola , and congo - zaire to uganda , tanzania , and zambia , and possibly northern kenya around mount marsabit . they may occur in several other african countries but due to recent taxonomic changes this has yet to be clarified .
, thomas’s bushbabies eat a variety of foods , but are primarily insectivorous . they consume small vertebrates and insects , fruit , tree buds and leaves , as well as tree gums . they use their large ears to listen for insects and small vertebrates and have been known to catch insects in mid - air .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
the mother nurses her young for about three and half months . the young generally cling to the mother ' s fur in transport , or she may carry them about in her mouth by the napes of their necks . the mother also leaves young unattended in the nest while she forages . the role of males in parental care has not been documented .
grubb , p . , butynski , t . m . , oates , j . f . , bearder , s . k . , disotell , t . r . , groves , c . p . and struhsaker , t . t . ( 2003 ) assessment of the diversity of african primates . international journal of primatology , 24 : 1301 - 57 .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
grubb , p . , butynski , t . m . , oates , j . f . , bearder , s . k . , disotell , t . r . , groves , c . p . , and struhsaker , t . t . 2002 . an assessment of the diversity of african primates . unpublished report . iucn / ssc primate specialist group , washington , dc .
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individuals use chemical cues extensively . they have a scent gland near the anal region that is used in scent marking to communicate with conspecifics . they also urinate on their cupped hands , then spread the urine on their feet , so it is spread when they walk . this behavior , urine - washing , is more frequent in males than females , and is carried out in a variety of situations . thomas’s bushbabies also have species - specific calls : they have a rolling call that rises to a crescendo and is then repeated several times . these calls can be used to communicate position to one another as well as to indicate mood . tactile communication takes the form of nose - to - nose sniffing then nose - to - face contact when conspecifics first encounter each other . they also reciprocally lick each other , depositing saliva and sometimes urine .
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mittermeier , r . a . , rylands , a . b . and wilson d . e . 2013 . handbook of the mammals of the world : volume 3 primates . lynx edicions , barcelona .
justification : listed as least concern as the species is widespread and common , present in a number of protected areas throughout the range , and there are no major threats .
this species has been recorded from sierra leone in the west through southern parts of west africa and throughout central africa , to possibly as far east as north of lake victoria in uganda and tanzania , west of lake victoria . it is found as far south as the southern congo basin ( democratic republic of the congo ) and lunda district ( angola ) , and possibly as far south as the lukuga river in the east . widely sympatric with galagoides thomasi .
this species is associated with the understory of secondary forest and forest edge habitats . it is also present in primary tropical moist forest , particularly in tree - fall zones . it sleeps in small groups of up to 10 individuals . it appears to be restricted to dense undergrowth with fine branches . it gives birth to one or two young per year .
this species is presumably locally threatened by habitat loss through deforestation for timber and conversion to agricultural land .
this species is listed on appendix ii of cites . it occurs in several protected areas .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
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is found from the southern borders of somalia to northeastern tanzania , and from senegal to western tanzania . population density for
is usually between 50 to 80 per sq km , though depending on the quality of appropriate habitat , up to 117 individuals have been observed in a 1 square km plot .
is noted for its leaping ability . both the length of the hind limbs , which are much longer than the forelimbs , and the elongation in the tarsal region in the foot , assist in locomotion . when running , the hind limbs of
exert the most force , working to propel the body , while the fore limbs mainly provide support and stability . in the type of habitat these animals inhabit , this division between the limbs is necessary . the branches used by
tend to be thin and unstable , which can throw an individual off balance . thus it is necessary for these animals to use their forelimbs and long tails to maintain equilibrium . keeping well balanced is important for these animals because they use running and leaping equally in their locomotion .
is very well developed , a trait that is essential in animals which rely on arboreal leaping .
can leap 1 . 5 to 2 meters between branches , without losing any height . leaping allows rapid movement between locations , but requires a shock - absorbing mechanism . in
, the forelimbs reach a substrate first and absorb most of the impact . this allows the hind limbs to quickly prepare to leap again .
is flexible , and depends upon the home range of the individual animal . for example , an individual male may be monogamous if his territory includes that of only one female . however , males typically have a home range which overlaps that of several females , and so they are polygynous .
females provide most of the care for offspring . as in most primates , this includes nursing the young , grooming them , protecting them , and playing with them . the role of males in offspring care has not been documented , but may include grooming and protection . although males are not
active
in this role , the young do follow them while foraging , allowing the young animals to find food .
often live over 6 years , with a maximum recorded lifespan of 13 years . in the wild , experiments have shown that the entire population can replace itself after a 6 - year period , with most individuals living 4 to 5 years .
sleeps in a leaf - nest created by an individual in suitably dense vegetation . females and juveniles generally share a sleeping site , whereas males often sleep alone . arising about a half - an - hour before night falls ,
are mostly solitary animals . field observations indicate that during the active hours of the night ,
spends 75 % of the time isolated , 21 % in pairs , and 2 % or less in groups of 3 , 4 , or 5 .
interspecific behavior : prosimians are rarely , if ever , aggressive in interspecies encounters . if two species meet in the presence of food , the larger ( or if the same size , the quicker of the two species ) makes off with the food . due to species separation into the different stratifications of the forest , and hence specializations in different types of prey items , encounters between species are unlikely .
establish home ranges , with males ranging between 0 . 5 and 2 . 7 ha , and females 0 . 6 and 1 . 4 ha . adult males are territorial , each seeking a home range that overlaps those of several females . males can be aggressive toward one another , and intense competition may result . females , though , can form groups , and several related females might share a home range . adults of opposite sexes , though not foraging together , may have contact during the night , and sometimes sleep together by day .
individuals communicate in a variety of ways . visual signals are used to communicate such things as submission , aggression , fright , and excitement . specific posturing is also used to indicate an acceptance of grooming or mating activities . all age groups within the species use visual signals .
communication . gathering calls are mainly heard as dawn approaches and the individuals are attempting to re - group at a sleeping site or particular leaf nest . the
rolling call
is used to communicate after the group has reassembled . this call can also be connected with adults seeking contact with each other .
plaintive squeaks
are generally associated with sexual relationships between males and females .
alarm calls
are the most common type of
vocalization . while used spontaneously upon awakening , these calls are uttered only occasionally throughout the night , often in response to such things as strange noises , encountering a predator , or an unknown conspecific , etc . a
threat call
is used by an individual to intimidate a conspecific . the latter will generally flee from the confrontation . and finally , the
distress call
is used after an individual has been captured or injured . it is important to note that adults sometimes approach the young of other
also uses olfactory cues for both direct and indirect communication . indirectly , they use urine marking to signal such things as gender , and sexual readiness . these animals mark their surroundings with scrotal and vulval glands when involved in mating behavior . direct olfactory communication is important when individuals encounter one another . during these interludes , facial and genital regions are subject to intensive investigation .
as with many primate species , allogrooming is an important part of social dynamics . this tactile communication is preformed through licking and using the ‘toothcomb’ ( composed of the four lower incisors and the procumbent two canines ) to cleanse another individual . most often occurring between a mother and her offspring , allogrooming can also occur between adults in an established social group . allogrooming takes place most frequently during the time period just after these animals awaken , or just after they return to their sleeping site . the other form of tactile communication occurs in ‘contact groups’ , where several individuals sleep entwined at a single nest site throughout the day .
birds of prey , vipers , and humans all hunt this species as a source of food .
for use as a food source . hunters sometimes mimic the distress calls of young
christie sampson ( author ) , michigan state university , barbara lundrigan ( editor , instructor ) , michigan state university .
living in sub - saharan africa ( south of 30 degrees north ) and madagascar .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
having markings , coloration , shapes , or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment ; being difficult to see or otherwise detect .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
world wildlife fund . 2001 .
world wildlife fund : wildworld
( on - line ) . western congolian swamp forests ( at0129 ) . accessed march 11 , 2004 at urltoken .
nowak , r . 1997 .
walkers mammals of the world online 5 . 1
( on - line ) . dwarf galagos . accessed march 11 , 2004 at urltoken .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vol . 1
with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer
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the capital and chief port of haiti , in the south on the gulf of gonaïves : founded in 1749 by the french ; university ( 1944 ) . pop . : 846247 ( 1995 est . )
an island in the gulf of st lawrence that constitutes the smallest canadian province . capital : charlottetown . pop . : 137200 ( 1997 est . ) . area : 5656 sq . km ( 2184 sq . miles )
an island in n canada , in the northwest territories . area : about 36000 sq . km ( 14000 sq . miles )
an island in se alaska , the largest island in the alexander archipelago . area : about 4000 sq . km ( 1500 sq . miles )
a port in w canada , on the coast of british columbia : one of the w termini of the canadian national transcontinental railway . pop . : 16620 ( 1991 )
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the female usually has just one pregnancy each year , lasting around 133 days . the tiny infant weighs just 5 to 10 grams at birth , but after a month is normally able to follow its mother on foraging bouts . the young is weaned at around 6 weeks and reaches sexual maturity at around 8 to 11 months ( 2 ) .
this strictly arboreal species is only found in primary or secondary forest ( 2 ) .
classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 3 ) .
authenticated ( 20 / 02 / 2009 ) by professor leanne t . nash , professor of anthropology , arizona state university . urltoken
arboreal an animal which lives or spends a large amount of time in trees . nocturnal active at night . primary in reference to forest that has remained undisturbed for a long time and has reached a mature condition . secondary forest forest that has re - grown after a major disturbance , such as fire or timber harvest , but has not yet reached the mature state of primary forest .
macdonald , d . w . ( 2006 ) the new encyclopedia of mammals . oxford university press , oxford .
ankel - simons , f . a . ( 2000 ) primate anatomy : an introduction . academic press , san diego .
alden , p . c . , estes , r . d . , schlitter , d . and mcbride , b . ( 1996 ) collins guide to african wildlife . harpercollins publishers , london .
burton , m . and burton , r . ( 2002 ) international wildlife encyclopedia . marshall cavendish , new york .
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in the austral spring , g . moholi exhibits a heavy molt ( bearder & martin 1980 ) .
in captivity , bushbabies can live into their mid - teens ( harvey & clutton - brock 1985 ; ross 1988 ) .
bushbabies are nocturnal and spend their nights resting ( 4 . 5 % ) , traveling ( 25 % ) , foraging ( 63 . 9 % ) , engaged in social activities ( 5 . 9 - 18 % ) and in other activities ( 0 . 6 % ) ( g . moholi ) ( doyle & bearder 1977 ; nekaris & bearder 2007 ) . g . gallarum and g . moholi spend the majority of their time foraging for food ( although traveling predominated in at least one captive study of g . moholi ) ( bearder & martin 1980 ; crompton 1984 ; butynski & de jong 2004 ) . activity starts right around sunset and ends around dawn with the most active periods are right after dark and directly preceding dawn ( molez 1976 ; doyle & bearder 1977 ) .
the nocturnal activity period of g . moholi has been described sequentially as toilet activities after waking , movement to a food tree , feeding , movement and foraging , rest , movement and foraging , feeding or rest , movement to a feeding tree , and toilet activities at the end of the day ( doyle & bearder 1977 ) . before commencing its nightly activity , g . alleni and g . moholi will extensively groom themselves before exiting the sleeping site ( doyle 1974 ; charles - dominique 1977a ) . further , the activity period is punctuated by periods of rest during which bushbabies do not sleep ( charles - dominique 1977a ) .
in the more extreme environments inhabited by bushbabies , such as certain parts of south africa where the winter cold can be profound , bushbabies will increase feeding time and shorten time spent in other activities to help cope with the limited availability of food ( bearder & martin 1980 ) . at these times of the year , bushbabies may curtail their nightly activities and return to their nests very early to huddle ( bearder & martin 1980 ) .
primate info net is maintained by the wisconsin primate research center ( wprc ) library at the university of wisconsin - madison . wprc programs are supported by grant numbers rr000167 and rr015311 , national primate centers program , national center for research resources , the national institutes of health .
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2008 .
the iucn red list of threatened species
( on - line ) . galagoides thomasi . accessed february 01 , 2009 at urltoken .
groves , c . 2001 . primate taxonomy . united states of america : smithsonian institution .
this species is found in all strata in savanna and open woodland areas ( e . g . miombo ) , and at the margins of montane forest . this species avoids areas of grassland . they have been found in forests where no other galagos are present . they build nests in thorn trees or nest in tree holes . group size is 1 - 5 , though they forage separately at night . this species is presumed to give birth to between one and two young annually .
rowe , n . 1996 . the pictorial guide to living primates . hong kong : pogonias press .
van den berghe , l . , m . peel . 2007 . trypanosomes of the african lemurs , perodicticus potto ibeanus and galago demidovi thomasi . journal of eukaryotic microbiology , 10 ( 2 ) : 133 - 135 . accessed february 01 , 2009 at urltoken .
1997 . predation on mammals by the chimpanzee . primates , 38 ( 2 ) : 193 - 214 . accessed september 04 , 2008 at urltoken .
for which data are available , the mating systems consist of polygynous multi - male groups . male galagos have a baculum , and there are typically species - specific differences in penile morphology among the
, breed year - round . typically they reproduce between january and april . information on the gestation period and the number of offspring born are not available for


eudactylota abstemia is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona .

the wingspan is 8 – 11 mm .

adults are similar to eudactylota iobapta , but the forewings have more pinkish-white scales .

eudactylota abstemia

eudactylota abstemia hodges , 1966 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 119 ( 3547 ) : 51 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880ft , santa rita mtns . , arizona
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eudactylota walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 54 ; ts : neodactylota barberella busck
eudactylota diadota hodges , 1966 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 119 ( 3547 ) : 51 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880ft , santa rita mtns , arizona
calliprora meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 242 ; ts : calliprora pentagramma meyrick
calliprora centrocrossa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 67 ; tl : brazil , parintins
calliprora clistogramma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 281 ; tl : brazil , sao paulo
calliprora erethistis meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 70 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas
calliprora eurydelta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 69 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas
calliprora pentagramma meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 243 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali
calliprora peritura meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 70 ; tl : brazil , para
calliprora platyxipha meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 69 ; tl : brazil , para , parintins
calliprora rhodogramma meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 67 ; tl : brazil , manaos , teffé
calliprora tetraplecta meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 68 ; tl : peru , iquitos
calliprora trigramma meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 243 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
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sattler , 1973 a catalogue of the family - group and genus - group names of the gelechiidae , holcopogonidae , lecithoceridae and symmocidae ( lepidoptera ) bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 153 - 282
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neodactylota barberella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 836 , pl . 2 , f . 13 ; tl : williams , arizona
stomopteryx iobapta meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 11 ) : 352
walsingham , 1911 lepidoptera , heterocera . tineina , pterophorina , orenodina and pyralidina and hepialidina ( part ) biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 1 - 482 , pl . 1 - 10
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
hodges , r . w . 1966 . revision of the nearctic gelechiidae , i . the lita group ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea ) . proc . usnm 119 ( 3547 ) : 49
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