trochia cingulata , common name : the girdled dogwhelk , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

trochia cingulata

muricidae » trochia cingulata , id : 364496 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
chong chen trochia cingulata ( linnaeus , 1771 ) muricidae false bay , south africa , 25 . 9mm , f + the
corded rock shell
is a very uniquely sculptured m… | pinteres…
shell id : 774 itemtype : seashell family : muricidae genus : nucella ( trochia ) species : cingulata founder : linne , 1758 locality : south africa dimension : & nbsp28 - 33mm ; condition : f + + / g collector information : corded rock - shell . by diver at urltoken sandy bay . atlantic ocean . 2001 .
( of nucella cingulata ( linnaeus , 1771 ) ) branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) . two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of thais cingulata ( linnaeus , 1771 ) ) barnard k . h . 1959 . contributions to the knowledge of south african marine mollusca . part . ii . gastropoda : prosobranchiata : rhachiglossa . annals of the south african museum , 45 : 1 - 237 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of buccinum cingulatum linnaeus , 1771 ) linnaeus c . ( 1771 ) . mantissa plantarum : 143 - 588 . holmiae . 588 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
houart r . , kilburn r . n . & marais a . p . ( 2010 ) muricidae . pp . 176 - 270 , in : marais a . p . & seccombe a . d . ( eds ) , identification guide to the seashells of south africa . volume 1 . groenkloof : centre for molluscan studies . 376 pp . [ details ]
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we studied the impact of invasive mussels on foraging by a native predatory whelk .
present address : centre for invasion biology , department of conservation ecology and entomology , stellenbosch university , matieland , 7602 , south africa .
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
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south africa . sea point . cape town . washed ashore on rough seas . ex - coll . d . & m . meyer . may 1980 .
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robinson , t . b . ; pope , h . r . ; hawken , l . ; binneman , c . ( 2015 ) predation - driven biotic resistance fails to restrict the spread of a sessile rocky shore invader . marine ecology progress series , 522 : 169 - 179
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branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) . two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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tamara b . robinson * , haley r . pope , lara hawken , carlene binneman
cite this article as : robinson tb , pope hr , hawken l , binneman c ( 2015 ) predation - driven biotic resistance fails to restrict the spread of a sessile rocky shore invader . mar ecol prog ser 522 : 169 - 179 . urltoken
published in meps vol . 522 . online publication date : march 02 , 2015 print issn : 0171 - 8630 ; online issn : 1616 - 1599 copyright © 2015 inter - research .
volume 522 , pages 169 - 179 , doi : 10 . 3354 / meps11167
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its fossils have been recovered from the nacimiento formation , san juan basin , new mexico .

it was first named by thomas e. williamson , anne weil and barbara standhardt in 2011 and the type species is betonnia tsosia .

betonnia

betonnia is an extinct genus of cimolestid mammal which existed in new mexico , during the early paleocene ( middle and late puercan age ) .
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full reference : t . e . williamson , a . weil , and b . standhardt . 2011 . cimolestids ( mammalia ) from the early paleocene ( puercan ) of new mexico . journal of vertebrate paleontology 31 ( 1 ) : 162 - 180
parent taxon : cimolestidae according to t . e . williamson et al . 2011
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edit 2 : seems like it has been taken down from total war access , im still ingame in my campaign , so the early birds get to play it extra early it seems .
edit 4 : seems like its up now after some reports and its back on my total war access menu aswell .
yep , same issue . i tried all the usual stuff to fix it , but none of it worked .
at least you got an error . . . i would love to have an error message instead of just nothing and not being able to play . . .
summoning / u / grace _ ca to help us with our troubles . how can we resolve this issue and get bretonnia a day early ?
is anyone able to start a bretonnia campaign ? mine says i have to redeem the flc , but i already did . downloaded , patched , restarted tw : w . but i keep seeing this message .
edit : interesting . i did the patching and everything , but steam still says bretonnia is
not installed .
seeing the same message , bretonnia
not installed
. can ' t access the vamp dlc , and it crashes if i select vampire counts or any bretonnian faction in the campaign .
and it crashes if i select vampire counts or any bretonnian faction in the campaign .
disable all your mods . i ' m playing as vlad right now from his new starting location .
they took it down . it should be back up in just under half an hour .
could it be that it will unlock in a couple of hours ? got the same . . .
guess i ' ll start up a vlad campaign and keep refreshing this thread to see if that ' s the case .
yeah i restarted my computer , deleted all mods ( they were disabled anyway ) , and validated files . no dice .
i shouldn ' t laugh as people are disappointed , but i am laughing at this mess up . life is too short to get upset about these things . shit happens . returns pitchfork under the bed
they successfully released an hour earlier than intended , then freaked out and took it down and now can ' t release it on time .
most people would have to try to mess up this badly , but not ca .
the early release wasn ' t actually successful . it was about the state it ' s in now - you can redeem the key , but you can ' t actually install the dlc .
i ' m not even in the office so i ' m not sure how i ' d manage that .
we understand but the longer you take the more and more beastmen will be raping and pillaging our lands . . .
the worst thing is that when people like you import inferior peasant stock , you risk contaminating our native supply , which i might add , has been carefully perfected over generations . shame on you sir .
hi grace , i have the code on my dashboard but i redeemed it when it went up early now steam tells me i don ' t have the dlc installed . what can i do ?
it seems that they released it couple hours early , which i ' m guessing is mistake and this is why people can ' t play it even though it it installed .
edit : they also removed it from the total war access dashboard , meaning it was released too early .
hope you chaps didn ' t lose everyone ' s keys and then have to reissue them one by one again .
today is my last day off . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i got it before they took it down , but steam says its not installed even though i downloaded it . looks like i ' ll be waiting like everyone else .
just did it now , currently only have 3 things available to download : wallpaper , digital extras , ebook .
edit : just got mine ! might be worth a try to f5 the site now .
wasn ' t released eearly , but was pulled within minutes . yeah sure grace
although its 4 : 05 now and still nothing . something must be going wrong .
they done fucked up . shoulda just kept it up early , because now they ' re late .
i think there is going to be a technical issue for the people that redeemed the code early and we ' ll have given our email addresses to a ca marketing tool for nothing . . .
welp its back on access but i can ' t activate it . apparently
i have already redeemed it
or something . meanwhile i can ' t actually download it . horray for screwed up launches .
it seems to be working for some people , but as i added the dlc before what i assume was the real release hour i still can ' t get it to work , if some1 find out how to make it works please , share the info .
same issue . my guess is that the people getting it to work hadn ' t added it already .
i ' m getting the feeling those of us who had added it already , may be royally screwed .
well , screwedish , worse case scenario we wait one more day , i mean we ' ve waited this long , we can probably wait a little longer . that said , let ' s keep hope alive : )
worst part is you can ' t even move the install folder to a slow drive , update and then move back . moving while update is queued fucks up the install : (
me too , just now . thanks , ca . even though warhammer already takes up 32 . 7gb on my ssd .
there is nothing to fix . the patching process unpacks files , modifies those files , and repacks them .
had to delete rome 2 and several other games because of this . . . dafuq .
so it ' s back on access but it fails to redeem for me . . .
hmm . . i installed it but i can ' t seem to access bretonnia yet , but i can play with von carstain faction with vlad so patch is already there . i assume i get to play bretonnia in two hours but this is how it seems to be for now .
i bet their marketing emails won ' t be delayed like the product the promised to get my email address .
it got removed , the option was there for me but i hadn ' t redeemed yet . could be a premature release ?
it doesn ' t work , steam doesn ' t
want
to install the dlc , and the game tells me something like
restart the game in order to get the dlc
. restarted several times without any results
mine isn ' t on the dashboard at all either . just got bretonnia wallpaper , ebook and digital extras .
we ' ve managed to find the one time the end times canon is actually superior , because at least there the brets manage to show up to altdorf .
i signed up for the early access at the first round of signups and are unable to play with bretonnia now . to test i tried signing up with my secondary steam profile just now and it works . so its definitely just a problem for the people who signed up before 16 gmt .
now i ' m trying to decide whether to start a new campaign on my secondary account which unfortunatly has no dlc , or to wait for the problem to be fixed . # firstworldproblem : >
we get the patch with the flc . the only thing we don ' t get is vlad ' s wife .
oh good i ' m glad the patch is with the flc otherwise i would have just waited till tomorrow .
khazrak is now rocking 80 armor ( instead of 100 - but he was buffed overall ) so i can confirm that the patch has been released .
so , i have access , it automatically started downloading while i was afk . and i also have no email about it on access . i dont even remember telling ca what my steam was so im not sure how it is downloading rn .
that ' s because it doesn ' t care if you have access or not . it ' s the same as with the other dlcs . the data will be downloaded regardless as a regular update . not to mention that there ' s more included than just bretonnia , but also balance changes , bug fixes , the
new
von carstein faction , etc .
screenshots or it didn ' t happen . also explain how you managed it .
i signed up for total war access . the update is downloading but its not saying available on the dashboard . some of you are already playing ? i thought it wasn ' t available for another 45 minutes .
i have it on my account , i just can ' t install / activate it .
and now it ' s after 4pm gmt and it ' s not back in the dashboard .
i keep hearing that it is on totalwar access but i see nothing in my dashboard . is this released depending on country ?
what regions is everyone in ? might have something to do with that . . uk here and not installing .
turns out the keys that were given out the first two waves were not early - access keys , but regular keys . people who registered the dlc after it came up the third time have no problem playing it right now . anyone who got the key earlier , will likely have to wait until the normal release time . ca is trying to work things out with valve .
hey lads , so the solution is : go into steam help - > support - > click warhammer tw - > delete permanently - > click on bretonia flc ! not on the main game ( ! ! ! ) - > remove - > go to the dashboard and validate the key again . . . works .
notice on that : it will tell you that it will delete the whole warhammer tw game , so its scary i know , but it doesnt . you can check the warhammer forum where alot of people are confirming that it does only remove the flc . up to you if you take my word for it : d
cant see anything in total war access . . . steam started update tho but stopped at 1 . 4gb / 2 . 1gb
i still don ' t believe you , hold up a copy of today ' s newspaper in front of your computer screen , and then i ' ll just be skeptical .
i ' m also playing it . . . but my friend can ' t , and we ' re doing a coop bordeleaux / empire at the moment . weird .
yup - and he also starts without a horse , kinda ridiculous , his knights are mounted be he walks among the peasants . . .
so idk if this is only happening to me so i hope this doesn ' t get buried .
i was one of the people who saw the link up early and i was eager to click it ofcourse . now seemingly everybody is getting their keys but mine says it was already redeemed , however in my steam it still reads ' not installed ' . anyone else same issue ?
yes , everyone has the same issue . just sort comments by
new
( p . s . the guide is live for bretonnia if you want to do some reading to kill time . . . )
got home after a long train journey super eager to get on and play me some bretonnia and do some crusadin ' .
it would be disappointing if it isn ' t . oh well i will know in 15 min
unlikely . if previous updates are any indicator , she ' s in this one , just unavailable for selecting to play as without the dlc flagged on your account .
yeah , it ' s super strong . the human lands to your west are no longer allied with the empire . recruit 3 more vargheists and clear them out .
it ' s available now , i ' m playing the bretonnia campaign too .
so i ' m playing with a friend and he can ' t access it . . . whereas i can .
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in the latest game of our campaign my empire army once more went head - to - head with some bretonnians .
thanks bob . i guess as long as we keep playing and having fun i ' ll try to keep taking pictures and writing nonsense about it . : )
the conflagration - prone conjurer has now been sent for a long lie down and a jade and beasts wizard have joined the painting queue .


leptomyrmex melanoticus is a species of ant in the genus leptomyrmex .

described by william morton wheeler in 1934 , the species is endemic to new guinea .

leptomyrmex melanoticus

the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see leptomyrmex flavitarsus for further details
the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see leptomyrmex fragilis for further details
based on barden et al . , 2017 . note only selected leptomyrmex species are included .
lucky , a . & ward , p . s . 2010 . taxonomic revision of the ant genus leptomyrmex mayr . zootaxa 2688 : 1 - 67 .
leptomyrmex fragilis has been recorded in rainforest , including lowland secondary and primary rainforest , montane rainforest and native gardens . nests occur in the soil and in logs .
wheeleri . leptomyrmex wheeleri donisthorpe , 1948d : 600 ( w . m . ) new guinea . junior synonym of fragilis : lucky & ward , 2010 : 34 .
maculata . leptomyrmex fragilis var . maculata stitz , 1938 : 108 ( w . ) new guinea . junior synonym of fragilis : lucky & ward , 2010 : 34 .
lucky , a . 2011 . molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the spider ants , genus leptomyrmex mayr ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 59 : 281 - 292 .
shattuck , s . o . 1992c . generic revision of the ant subfamily dolichoderinae ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . sociobiology 21 : 1 - 181 ( page 114 , combination in leptomyrmex )
stitz , h . 1912 . ameisen aus ceram und neu - guinea . sitzungsber . ges . naturforsch . freunde berl . 1912 : 498 - 514 ( page 507 , combination in leptomyrmex )
gracillimus . leptomyrmex gracillimus wheeler , w . m . 1934c : 115 , fig . 16 ( w . ) new guinea . junior synonym of fragilis : baroni urbani & wilson , 1987 : 2 .
wheeler , w . m . 1934c . a second revision of the ants of the genus leptomyrmex mayr . bull . mus . comp . zool . 77 : 69 - 118 ( page 113 , see also )
femorata . leptomyrmex fragilis var . femorata santschi , 1932b : 17 , fig . 3 ( w . ) new guinea . subspecies of fragilis : wheeler , w . m . 1934c : 113 . junior synonym of fragilis : lucky & ward , 2010 : 34 .
l . flavitarsus has been recorded in rainforest , including lowland secondary rainforest and montane rain¬forest . nesting habits are unknown .
these conspicuous ants are most often encountered individually or as small groups of 2 or 3 foragers on the surface of the ground any time of the day or night . because of their long legs and thin bodies , they superficially resemble spiders . this is especially true when they are disturbed , as they extend their legs , raise their gasters , and run quickly to escape danger . this has led to their being given the common name
spider ants .
nests are found in soil or in dead wood , either standing or on the ground , and are often at the base of trees . colony sizes average a few hundred workers and a single queen . in all but a handful of species , the queen is wingless and worker - like , differing from workers only in being slightly larger and with an enlarged mesosoma . in a few species the queens are fully winged , as they are in most other ants .
the following information is derived from barry bolton ' s new general catalogue , a catalogue of the world ' s ants .
smith , f . 1859a : 136 ( w . ) indonesia ( aru i . ) . lucky & ward , 2010 : 34 ( m . ) . combination in
unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description .
lucky and ward ( 2010 ) – measurements ( n = 10 ) hl 1 . 74–1 . 99 , hw 1 . 18–1 . 45 , mfc 0 . 21–0 . 29 , iod 0 . 66–0 . 90 , sl 3 . 26–3 . 62 , el 0 . 28–0 . 43 , wl 3 . 25–3 . 68 , pw 0 . 89–1 . 04 , dpw 0 . 34–0 . 43 , htl 3 . 68–4 . 19 , htwmin 0 . 12–0 . 14 , htwmax 0 . 18–0 . 23 , ci 0 . 67–0 . 73 , si 2 . 47–3 . 03 , oi 0 . 06–0 . 15 , htc 0 . 55–0 . 71 .
medium sized species ( hw 1 . 18–1 . 45 mm ; wl 3 . 25–3 . 68 mm ) with broad head ( ci 0 . 67–0 . 73 ) , widest anterior to eyes . sides of head convex , genae straight to slightly concave anteriorly . behind the eyes , head gently rounding to flat postocular margin . approximately 15 teeth and denticles interspersed along mastica¬tory margin of mandible . anterior clypeal margin weakly concave . eyes positioned posterior to midline of head , small and round , convex and hairless , not reaching lateral margins of head . antennae not compressed , scapes surpassing posterior margin of head by 3 / 5 their length .
dorsal face of propodeum approximately as long as declivitous face , dorsal face with a slight transverse impression on anterior end . petiolar node thick ( dpw 0 . 34–0 . 43 mm ) , with rounded summit ; anterior face short and perpendicular to base , with shallow median longitudinal groove . posterior face of petiole long , flat and sloping , ventral surface flat , not projecting . gaster broadly elliptical . legs long and slender .
surface distinctly shagreened and shining throughout , subopaque . pubescence long and brownish , distrib¬uted all over the body , but especially prominent on the head , pronotum and gaster . black , bristle - like hairs on clypeus , venter and gaster . body generally dark brown with the tarsi , femoro - tibial joints and antennal funiculus yellow .
the following notes on f . smith type specimens have been provided by barry bolton ( details ) :
two worker syntypes in oxford university museum of natural history . labelled “aru 14” and “aru 45 . ” donisthorpe ( 1932c : 452 ) records only one worker , but both specimens appear to come from the same series , and appear to have originally been mounted on a single card , that was later cut in half . donisthorpe’s referral of this species to camponotus is in error .
roger , j . 1863b . verzeichniss der formiciden - gattungen und arten . berl . entomol . z . 7 ( b beilage : 1 - 65 ( page 4 , combination in camponotus )
smith , f . 1859a . catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by mr . a . r . wallace at the islands of aru and key . [ part ] . j . proc . linn . soc . lond . zool . 3 : 132 - 158 ( page 136 , worker described )
this page was last modified on 9 december 2017 , at 21 : 19 .
smith , f . 1859a : 136 ( w . ) indonesia ( aru i . ) . emery , 1897d : 571 ( m . ) ; stitz , 1912 : 507 ( m . ) ; lucvky & ward , 2010 : 36 ( ergatoid q . ) . combination in
: lucky & ward , 2010 : 34 . see also : wheeler , w . m . 1934c : 113 .
holotype , worker , aru island , indonesia , oxford university museum of natural history .
lucky and ward ( 2010 ) – measurements ( n = 10 ) hl 1 . 74–1 . 98 , hw 0 . 94–1 . 05 , mfc 0 . 17–0 . 21 , iod 0 . 53–0 . 64 , sl 3 . 96–4 . 61 , el 0 . 34–0 . 40 , wl 3 . 21–4 . 04 , pw 0 . 85–0 . 96 , dpw 0 . 27–0 . 33 , htl 4 . 41–5 . 02 , htwmin 0 . 11–0 . 15 , htwmax 0 . 16–0 . 21 , ci 0 . 51–0 . 58 , si 3 . 92–4 . 73 , oi 0 . 12–0 . 16 , htc 0 . 55–0 . 74 .
small , slender species ( hw 0 . 94–1 . 05 mm ; wl 3 . 21–4 . 04 mm ) with elongate head ( ci 0 . 51–0 . 58 ) , excluding mandibles , nearly twice as long as broad , widest at eyes . sides of head straight ; gently tapering anteriorly , posteriorly narrowing abruptly to a conical neck - like constriction . approximately 15 teeth and denticles interspersed on masticatory margin of mandible . anterior clypeal margin weakly concave . eyes posi¬tioned at midline of head , relatively small , round , hairless , not surpassing lateral margins of head . antennae slender , not compressed , scapes surpassing posterior margin of head by 3 / 5 their length .
pronotum slender , distinctly elongated anteriorly . propodeum with dorsal face 1 . 5 times the length of declivitous face , both faces concave , and meeting at rounded angle . petiolar node triangular in profile , dorsal face rounded and bearing a longitudinal impression . ventral surface of petiole weakly concave . gaster long and slender , legs very long and slender ( htl 4 . 41–5 . 02 mm ) , not compressed ( htc 0 . 55–0 . 74 ) .
surface very finely shagreened and shining . pubescence yellow , moderately dense on head and gaster . pilosity confined to clypeus , venter and gaster . head , thorax and usually gaster rufotestaceous . femora and tibiae ranging from pale to dark brown , tarsi white . while generally rufotestaceous throughout , some variants with dark spots laterally on the gaster , or with gaster entirely black .
lucky and ward ( 2010 ) – head broader than in worker . three ocelli deeply set into head in triangular formation , the anteriormost one largest , the posterior two smaller . pronotum , mesonotum and propodeum voluminous , convex . the ante¬rior portion of the mesonotum with a distinctly raised medial bump . dorsal face of propodeum broadly con¬vex . petiole broader than high , with distinct medial impression . gaster globose , larger than in worker . scapes , femora and tibiae broad , distinctly robust .
surface of body appearing velvety , shagreened . queen coloration similar to that of worker ; gaster may be unicolorous pale or portions may be black .
lucky and ward ( 2010 ) – measurements ( n = 3 ) hl 1 . 41–1 . 58 , hw 1 . 01–1 . 04 , sl 0 . 34–0 . 39 , el 0 . 58–0 . 65 , htl 4 . 74–5 . 26 , ci 0 . 64–0 . 73 , si 0 . 34–0 . 38 , si2 1 . 09–1 . 15 .
baroni urbani , c . ; wilson , e . o . 1987 . the fossil members of the ant tribe leptomyrmecini ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . psyche ( camb . ) 94 : 1 - 8 ( page 2 , senior synonym of gracillimus )
emery , c . 1897c . formicidarum species novae vel minus cognitae in collectione musaei nationalis hungarici quas in nova - guinea , colonia germanica , collegit l . biró . természetr . füz . 20 : 571 - 599 ( page 571 , male described )
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this is a list of the living ( extant ) ant species . it includes only valid names , those which are currently in use ( it does not include synonyms , etc . )
all taxa currently being used ( valid names ) , both living and fossil .
invalid taxa , those not currently being used ( includes synonymys , etc . )
the following 200 pages are in this category , out of 15 , 462 total .
this page was last modified on 4 july 2011 , at 04 : 55 .


diastellopalpus is a genus of scarabaeidae or scarab beetles in the superfamily scarabaeoidea .

it was considered a subgenus of onthophagus by some authorities .

diastellopalpus

josso , j . and prevost , p . 2000 . revision du genre diastellopalpus . collection systematique 3 : 1 - 134 .
the genus diastellopalpus lansberge , 1886 is restricted to intertropical parts of the afrotropical region and currently comprises 32 described species ( josso and prévost 2000 ) , most of which show montane or rainforest distributions ( davis and scholtz 2010 ) .
the genus diastellopalpus lansberge , 1886 is restricted to intertropical parts of the afrotropical region and currently comprises 32 described species ( josso and prévost 2000 ) , most of which show montane or rainforest distributions ( davis and scholtz 2010 ) . d . thomsoni is considered to be represented by two subspecies , d . thomsoni thomsoni ( bates , 1888 ) and d . thomsoni malawiensis josso & prévost , 2000 .
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has been listed as least concern . although there are noticeable data gaps for this species , specifically with regard to its dung , soil and vegetation association , it has a large extent of occurrence across a number of states in southern central africa , where large tracts of
miombo woodland still exist . the species seems to have generalist dung requirements , as it has been recorded from both human and cattle dung in a number of locations . however ,
miombo woodland is being lost during land clearance in parts of its range , and ongoing bush meat hunting may become a significant worry if further research suggests that the species predominantly associates with dung of hunted species . however , at present , we believe this species to remain secure as long as large tracts of woodland habitat remain across its range .
humpata in angola at the western edge of its range . it occupies a wide distribution in southern central africa (
prévost 2000 ) , where it is found in moist , hot regions with a mosaic of savanna and forest vegetation . specifically , it has been recorded in angola , the democratic republic of congo , malawi , mozambique , tanzania , uganda and zimbabwe . as a result , the extent of occurrence of this species is very large and in excess of two million km 2 .
this species is found in moist , hot regions with a mosaic of savanna and forest vegetation . in a phylogeny of this tunneling genus , this moderately - sized , diurnally - active species belongs to a terminal
chirinda forest in southeast zimbabwe and from forest plantations ( australian csiro 1970 - 1986 , unpublished records ) . available collection records are primarily from cattle dung , although this may be due to collecting bias as there is also a record from human dung . it has been recorded primarily from finer - grained clay , sandy clay loam , or sandy loam , although there is also a record from loamy sand .
some environmental characteristics for 37 locality records are as follows : altitude : mean , 1 , 156 ± 458 ( s . d . ) , range : 0 - 2 , 105 m ; annual rainfall : mean , 986 ± 237 ( s . d . ) , range : 567 - 1 , 659 mm ; annual temperature : mean , 20 . 1 ± 2 . 8 ( s . d . ) , range : 17 . 1 - 26 . 5 o c ( max . + min . / 2 ) .
it is difficult to assess possible threats to this species as there is no available quantitative assessment of its vegetation and dung type associations . however , it is mainly
miombo woodland regions where large areas have been cleared of woodland in the more densely populated areas . in 2001 , relatively intact
wildfinder 2012 ) . this could have a knock on effect on dung availability .
there are no species - specific conservation actions in place for this species . for a more rigorous assessment of its extinction risk , a quantitative study of its soil , vegetation and dung type association is a prerequisite . however , owing to its wide distribution and occurrence on dung of domestic livestock , this species at present probably does not require any conservation action as long as tracts of relatively undisturbed
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has been listed as least concern . although relatively range - restricted , it still has a fairly extensive extent of occurrence and an area of occupancy outside the thresholds for threatened categories under criterion b . however , human population pressure is high across the entire range of this species , particularly at the lower altitudes where most collections were made . firewood collection and clearance of forest for agriculture are common threats across all four
ecoregions that constitute the main range of the species . forest cover has , thus , been lost across the species range . quantifying forest cover loss and the time period of losses may lead to an inferred estimate of population reduction and a change to the listing of the species under criterion a .
josso and prevost 2000 ) . this subspecies has been recorded predominantly on the north east coast and on isolated mountain blocks along the mountains of the eastern arc and southern rift in tanzania . the other subspecies (
josso and prevost 2000 ) . some of the patchiness is probably an artefact of forest fragmentation . however , taking the reduction of forest cover within the species ' habitat mosaic into account ( wwf
josso and prevost 2000 ) . furthermore , it has been trapped to pig dung in surviving forest patches on the finer - grained soils of the east
montane forest - grassland mosaic ( at1014 ) ( olson et al . 2001 ) .
some environmental characteristics for 64 combined locality records are as follows : altitude : mean : 724 ± 451 ( s . d . ) , range : 0 . 6 - 1 , 559 m ; annual rainfall : mean : 1 , 089 ± 307 ( s . d . ) , range : 545 - 1 , 588 mm ; annual temperature : mean : 22 . 8 ± 2 . 5 ( s . d . ) , range : 17 . 5 - 26 . 5 o c ( max . + min . / 2 ) .
human population pressure is high across the entire range of this species , particularly at lower altitudes where most collections were made . according to historical reports , the type locality of
taveta was once densely wooded although open savanna now dominates in the area . firewood collection and clearance of forest for agriculture are common threats across all four
the range of this species now comprises a patchwork of forest fragments and agricultural lands . in tanzania , there is little protection of most forests within national parks or reserves in the entire coastal region , eastern arc , or southern rift
ecoregions . however , in malawi , most surviving forest patches result from government protection . conservation of forest is a necessity for the survival of this species .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c25e1 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322d0e18 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 36f32e2a - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
schoolmeesters p . ( 2018 ) . scarabs : world scarabaeidae database ( version apr 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
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callionymus planus is a species of dragonet native to the shallow pacific waters off of southern japan .

this species grows to a length of 10 centimetres ( 3.9 in ) sl .

callionymus planus

how can i put and write and define callionymus planus in a sentence and how is the word callionymus planus used in a sentence and examples ? 用callionymus planus造句 , 用callionymus planus造句 , 用callionymus planus造句 , callionymus planus meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .

' callionymus planus
' is a species of dragonet native to the shallow pacific waters off of southern japan .
g the callionymids , predominated in this area . both c . planus and c . curvicornis showed significant reproductive isolation at the same area , both with a southward decrease in number . calllionymus virgis separated from others and lived in the southmost site . furthermore , c . filamentosus had a spawning period between c . planus and c . curvicornis .
( of repomucenus planus ( ochiai , 1955 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 10 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 559 )
masuda , h . , k . amaoka , c . araga , t . uyeno and t . yoshino , 1984 . the fishes of the japanese archipelago . vol . 1 . tokai university press , tokyo , japan . 437 p . ( text ) . ( ref . 559 )
) : 19 . 9 - 27 , mean 25 . 3 ( based on 34 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00933 ( 0 . 00407 - 0 . 02141 ) , b = 2 . 77 ( 2 . 59 - 2 . 95 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 3 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 18 of 100 ) .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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kuo , s . - r . and k . - t . shao . 1999 . species composition of fish in the coastal zones of the tsengwen estuary , with descriptions of five new records from taiwan . zool . stud . 38 ( 4 ) : 391 - 404
body elongate , depressed . head extremely depressed . preopercular spine very long with 3 - 6 processes on inner side . first dorsal fin in males , small and strongly emarginated ; uniformly black in females . body brown with large and small dark and large white spots on dorsal side .
distributed from southern japan to taiwan . it is found in southwestern and northeastern taiwanese waters , and penghu islands .
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臺灣魚類誌 ( 沈等 , 1993 ) ；kuo , s . - r . and k . - t . shao . 1999 . species composition of fish in the coastal zones of the tsengwen estuary , with descriptions of five new records from taiwan . zool . stud . 38 ( 4 ) : 391 - 404；fishes of japan ( nakabo , 2002 ) ；fishbase ( 2006 ) ochiai , a . , c . araga etc . 1955 沈世傑 編 shih - chieh shen ed . 1993 kuo , s . - r . etc . 1999
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ochiai , a . in ochiai , a . , chuichi araga & m . nakajima . 1955 .
eschmeyer , w . n . ( 1996 ) pisces . : the information in fishbase was derived by comparing fishbase with a preliminary version 2 . 0 of eschmeyer ' s pisces database , published on the internet in november 1996 , urltoken
fricke , r . ( 2002 ) annotated checklist of the dragonet families callionymidae and draconettidae ( teleostei : callionymidae ) , with comments on callionymid fish classification . : stuttgarter beitr . naturkd . , ser . a nr . 645 : 1 - 103 .
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication .
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . < em > china science press . < / em > 1267 pp .
masuda , h . , k . amaoka , c . araga , t . uyeno and t . yoshino ( 1984 ) the fishes of the japanese archipelago . vol . 1 . : tokai university press , tokyo , japan . 437 p . ( text ) .
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hucho is a genus of large salmonids from cold rivers and other freshwater habitats in eurasia .

they are piscivorous , and threatened by overfishing and habitat loss .

hucho

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arkive species - danube salmon ( hucho hucho )
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max planck institute for molecular genetics , 14195 berlin , germany . hucho @ urltoken
for further information about this species , see 188631 _ hucho _ taimen . pdf .
holčik , j . ( 1995 ) threatened fishes of the world : hucho hucho ( linnaeus , 1757 ) ( salmonidae ) . environmental biology of fishes , 43 : 105 - 106 .
holčik , j . ( 1995 ) threatened fishes of the world : hucho hucho ( linnaeus , 1757 ) ( salmonidae ) . environmental biology of fishes , 43 : 105 - 106 .
monster hucho , 20kg huchen , danube salmon 1 . 2m , on 4 weight fly - rod
holčik , j . ( 1990 ) conservation of the huchen , hucho hucho ( l . ) , ( salmonidae ) with special reference to slovakian rivers . journal of fish biology , 37 : 113 - .
what made you want to look up hucho ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
schmutz , s . , zitek , a . , zobl , s . , jungwirth , m . , knopf , n . , kraus , e . , bauer , t . and kaufmann , t . ( 2002 ) integrated approach to the conservation and restoration of danube salmon , hucho hucho , populations in austria . conservation of freshwater fishes : options for the future , 0 : 157 - 173 .
the hucho taimen is a large trout from eastern asia . it is the largest fish in the patarpa river , and the largest trout in the world . it is also known as the siberian taimen , or the siberian salmon . in real life , this fish is vulnerable to extinction . unlike similar sized salmon , the hucho taimen is not anadromous . they are closely related to the very similar japanese huchen .
this fish is pretty rare , but can be seen usually by the small peninsula . this fish is seen a couple of times during the patarpa river trip , but when attempted to be caught , an amur pike will probably steal the bait before the hucho taimen has time to bite .
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, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .
, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .
, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .
cfm script by eagbayani , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by cmilitante , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by cmilitante , 14 / 03 / 2013
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original russian text © a . g . oleinik , l . a . skurikhina , 2008 , published in genetika , 2008 , vol . 44 , no . 7 , pp . 885–895 .
viktorovsky , r . m . , makoedov , a . n . , and shevchishin , a . a . , the chromosome sets of
holcik , j . , hensel , k . , nieslanik , j . , and skacel , l . ,
( biology and phylogeny of fishes ) , leningrad : zool . inst . an sssr , 1989 , pp . 5–15 .
stearley , r . y . and smith , g . r . , phylogeny of the pacific trout and salmon (
oakley , t . h . and phillips , r . b . , phylogeny of salmonine fishes based on growth hormone introns : atlantic (
vladykov , v . d . and gruchy , c . d . , comments on the nomenclature of some subgenera of salmonidae ,
phillips , r . b . , oakley , t . h . , and davis , e . l . , evidence supporting the paraphyly of
phillips , r . b . and oakley , t . h . , phylogenetic relationships among the salmoninae based on nuclear and mitochondrial dna sequences , in
oleinik , a . g . and polyakova , n . e . , restriction analysis of the mitochondrial genome in the family salmonidae ,
shedko , s . v . , ginatulina , l . k . , parpura , i . z . , and ermolenko , a . v . , evolutionary and taxonomic relationships among far - eastern salmonids fishes inferred from mitochondrial dna divergence ,
froufe , e . , alekseyev , s . , knizhin , i . , and weiss , s . , comparative mtdna sequence ( control region , atpase 6 and nadh1 ) divergence in
crespi , b . j . and fulton , m . j . , molecular systematics of salmonidae : combined nuclear data yields a robust phylogeny ,
( analysis of interspecies genetic differentiation among some species of the family salmonidae ) , available from viniti , 1992 , no . 1317 - 1392 .
froufe , e . , sefc , k . m . , alexandrino , p . , and weiss , s . , isolation and characterization of
( catalog of agnathous and fish of the fresh and salt waters of russia ) , moscow : tovarishestvo nauchnych izd . kmk , 2004 .
sambrook , j . , fritsch , e . f . , and maniatis , t . ,
gharrett , a . j . , gray , a . k . , and brykov , v . a . , mitochondrial dna variation in alaskan coho salmon ,
oleinik , a . g . , skurikhina , l . a . , and brykov , vl . a . , divergence of the
mcelroy , d . , moran , p . , bermingham , e . , and kornfield , i . , reap : an integrated environment for the manipulation and phylogenetic analysis of restriction data ,
nei , m . and li , w . - h . , mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases ,
nei , m . and tajima , f . , dna polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases ,
sneath , p . h . a . and sokal , r . r . ,
saitou , n . and nei , m . , the neighbor - joining method : a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees ,
hendy , m . d . and penny , d . , branch and bound algorithms to determine minimal evolutionary trees ,
schneider , s . , roessli , d . , and excoffier , l . ,
arlequin , version 2 . 000 : a software for population genetic data analysis . genetics and biometry laboratory
roff , d . and bentzen , p . , the statistical analysis of mitochondrial dna polymorphisms : chi - square and the problem of small samples ,
brunner , p . c . , douglas , m . r . , and bernatchez , l . , microsatellite and mitochondrial dna assessment of population structure and stocking effects in arctic charr
hartley , s . e . , bartlett , s . e . , and davidson , w . s . , mitochondrial dna analysis of scottish populations of arctic charr ,
oleinik , a . g . , skurikhina , l . a . , and chukova , e . i . , effect of isolation on the genetics characteristics of populations in chars of the genus
allendorf , f . w . , christiansen , f . b . , dobson , t . , et al . , electrophoretic variation in large mammals : i . the polar bear ,
bonnell , m . l . and selander , r . k . , elephant seals : genetic variation and near extinction ,
( brevoort ) ecology in northern sakhalin ) , moscow : onti vniro , 1977 .
excoffier , l . , smouse , p . e . , and quattro , j . m . , analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among dna haplotypes : application to human mitochondrial dna restriction data ,
churikov , d . , m . matsuoka , x . luan et al . assessment of concordance among genealogical reconstruction’s from various mtdna segments in three species of pacific salmon ( genus
cummings , m . p . , otto , s . p . , and wakeley , j . , sampling properties of dna sequence data in phylogenetic analysis ,
oleinik , a . g . & skurikhina , l . a . russ j genet ( 2008 ) 44 : 767 . urltoken
freshwater ; benthopelagic ; potamodromous ( ref . 59043 ) . temperate ; 6°c - 18°c ( ref . 2059 ) ; 50°n - 44°n , 8°e - 21°e
europe : danube drainage . introduced into other european river basins when their numbers declined due to ecological changes in the danube . appendix iii of the bern convention ( protected fauna ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 150 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 11243 ) ; common length : 70 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 682 ) ; max . published weight : 52 . 0 kg ( ref . 719 ) ; max . reported age : 20 years ( ref . 59043 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 3 - 5 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 8 - 14 ; anal spines : 3 - 5 ; anal soft rays : 7 - 14 ; vertebrae : 66 - 72 . distinguished from other species of salmonidae in central and eastern europe by the following combination of characters : lateral line with 180 - 200 scales ; no red spots and white fin margins ; head dorsally flattened and long ( 22 - 24 % sl ) ; body roundish ; caudal fin deeply emarginate ; large size ( in undisturbed areas ) ; usually 13 - 19 gill rakers ( ref . 59043 ) .
sexually mature fish migrate upstream into smaller and shallower ( 0 . 3 - 1 . 5 m deep ) streams ( ref . 26170 ) , usually in upper reaches of tributaries ( ref . 59043 ) . males arrive first at spawning sites . males defend females against other individuals . spawning usually occurs during daytime ( ref . 59043 ) . spawns on gravelly bottom where female makes a shallow hole where the eggs are laid and covered with gravel ( ref . 682 ) . both sexes covered the eggs with substrate . they both defend the spawning site up to 2 weeks after spawning . eggs usually hatch after 25 - 40 days . larvae stay in gravel until yolk sac is absorbed after 8 - 14 days ( ref . 59043 ) . young remain near spawning area feeding on bottom fauna . spawns with snow melt , in shallow water in danube or affluents ( ref . 682 ) .
kottelat , m . , 1997 . european freshwater fishes . biologia 52 , suppl . 5 : 1 - 271 . ( ref . 13696 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5625 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01230 ( 0 . 00722 - 0 . 02095 ) , b = 3 . 01 ( 2 . 86 - 3 . 16 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 2 ±0 . 74 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( tm = 5 ; tmax = 20 ) .
prior r = 0 . 34 , 2 sd range = 0 . 14 - 0 . 83 , log ( r ) = - 1 . 08 , sd log ( r ) = 0 . 44 , based on : 1 k , 5 tgen , 1 tmax , 4 fec records
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : very high vulnerability ( 77 of 100 ) .
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native only in the danube drainage , where it has a very fragmented distribution . very locally introduced in some headwaters of odra , vistula ( poland ) , lake constance ( germany ) , tagus ( spain ) , rhône ( france ) and probably other drainages where it apparently maintains only by stocking .
the species has undergone a massive decline starting over 100 years ago . more recently the majority of the stocks rely upon re - introductions ( from farmed stock and ranched ) for angling and conservation . it is almost impossible to identify if any stocks are self sustaining .
historically overfishing , pollution and dam construction caused the decline of the species . currently the main the threats are hydropower stations which heavily regulate flow regime ( which impacts upon their prey and habitat ) , and pollution in some countries ( bosnia and croatia ) .
restocking , fishing regulations . a eu life project in austria to improve habitat conditions ( now finished and seems to have been successful ) . listed on appendix iii of the bern convention .
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following the iucn guidelines , we determined the overall abundance loss for this species by weighting factors . we include estimates reported in points 1–4 in the
section ( below ) by region ( see tables 1–3 in the supplementary material ) . all range areas are calculated as extent of occurrence ( eoo ) . data limitations precluded us from estimating aquatic habitat area .
most of the historic range of the species is contained in the russian federation ( 83 . 8 % of total ) . the species ' historic , natural range extends into china ( 6 . 4 % of total ) , kazakhstan ( 6 . 1 % of total ) and mongolia ( 3 . 7 % of total ; see table 1 in the supplementary material ) .
( version 9 . 0 ; see table 3 in the supplementary material ) . we were unable to obtain an estimate of population trend within kazakhstan , so we excluded this region from our range - wide analysis . the analysis yielded a population reduction of 37 . 3 % ( see table 3 in the supplementary material ) . it is important to acknowledge that this estimate is influenced most significantly by the abundance reduction we applied to the majority of the species ' range in russia ( volga , ural , and the arctic and sea of okhotsk river drainages ; see table 3 in the supplementary material ) .
based on criterion a2 , this results in a status of vu ( vulnerable ) for this species , based on a2b ( index of abundance appropriate to the taxon ) , a2c ( a decline in aoo , eoo and / or habitat quality ) , and a2d ( actual or potential levels of exploitation ) .
we estimated the total historic range ( eoo ) to be 12 , 404 , 332 km² ( including the entire watershed area ) . the total range area lost is estimated to be 444 , 972 km² . since the species ' range estimates are well outside the thresholds used for iucn red list criterion b , this species does not qualify for listing under this criterion .
no estimates are available for current population size , therefore the species does not qualify for listing under criterion c or d . also , the species ' range is not sufficiently restricted to qualify it for listing under vu d2 .
insufficient data are available to carry out a quantitative analysis to estimate the probability of extinction for this species . therefore criterion e cannot be used in this case .
see figure 1 in the supplementary material for a map of the historic and current distribution of the species . this species has been listed as endangered in country red lists and regional red books ( see figure 2 in the supplementary material ) .
four primary sources of information are used here to document declines in population abundance . documentation of the data sources and analytical approaches in this assessment are outlined below :
. 2000 ) . data are reported as weight ( in mt ) of landed biomass of siberian taimen . it is important to note here that reporting of catch over this entire period has not been consistent , and much of the catch has gone unreported , particularly in recent decades . we acknowledge that the data used in this analysis are very uncertain .
we fit the data to an exponential model and determined loss rate of the regional population to be 4 . 2 % yr
or 90 . 0 % loss over 51 years or three generations for the species ( see figure 3 in the supplementary material ) .
in most of this region has been declining ( primarily from unregulated catch , both commercial and recreational ) , but there are no reliable indices of adult abundance trends to quantify the decline in a rigorous manner .
a review of siberian taimen status was conducted in 57 river basins within the russian federation ( including the amur river , m . skopets , unpublished data ) . populations were divided into four categories : nearly extirpated , significant decline ( i . e . , more than 50 % ) , moderate decline ( i . e . , between 30–50 % ) , and healthy ( less than 30 % ) . skopets found that siberian taimen populations have been extirpated or have undergone significant decline in 39 of 57 river basins and only a few populations could be still considered stable , primarily due to their remote , inaccessible locations . skopets categorized taimen populations as being at moderate risk in over half of russian river basins and at high risk in all rivers west of the ural mountains . even in some very remote areas ( such as mountainous rivers of the urals ) siberian taimen populations have declined by over 50 % ( m . skopets , pers . comm ) .
in central siberia ( including the baikal region ) the species has undergone decline , but the rate of decline of the adult population is very uncertain ( i . knizhin , irkutsk state university , pers . comm ) . the actual level of exploitation ( illegal harvest ) is thought to be significant throughout this region . the species is expected to continue to decline by at least 30 % over the next three generations ( 51 years ) within this region ( i . knizhin , irkutsk state university , pers . comm ) . unregulated catches is the primary threat to the species in this region .
we assumed for this assessment that that the rate of decline in adult abundance in this region was 30 % over the past three generations . we acknowledge that this is a very uncertain number ( this trend is suspected ) , but we are reasonably confident that the loss rate has been at least 30 % .
. 2006 ) . for this assessment , we estimate range loss ( estimated as extent of occurrence , or eoo , between 1980 and 2008 ) to be 19 . 1 % ( see tables 1 and 2 in the supplementary material ) . there are continuing declines in the quality of habitat ( due to mining ) and in the number of mature individuals . it is suspected that the population will decrease by over 60 % in the next 20 years as demand increases from china and russia and from non - catch and release angling ( ocock
. 2006 ) . in mongolia , fish have disappeared from rivers near town centres and downstream of mining areas . stable populations still occur in more remote areas but these populations are vulnerable as mining , overgrazing , and fishing become more common in mongolia . there is also illegal , international trade to china , but the scale of this trade is uncertain .
based on available data and a mongolian red list assessment that was conducted in 2006 ( the species was listed as endangered in mongolia ; see figure 2 in the supplementary material ) , we estimate a loss of 50 % in overall abundance over the past three generations for the species . the only quantitative estimate of siberian taimen abundance in mongolia is for a river ( the eg - uur ) which is thought to be one of the least impacted populations in mongolia ( jensen
. 2009 ) . therefore , this abundance estimate ( 19 adult taimen per km ) is not thought to be representative of population status in mongolia as a whole .
illegal and legal angling and poaching are a threat to the species . there is some international trade between mongolia and china .
in europe the main threats to this species are pollution ( industrial ) , and legal and illegal sport angling . a diverse set of threats exist in kazakhstan , mongolia , russia and china , including pollution , sedimentation and erosion , mining , damming , road construction , illegal fishing , recreational angling , and climate change .
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as implied by its common name , this fish is native to the rivers of the danube basin in europe ( 2 ) . however , in recent years it has also been introduced into other european river basins when their numbers declined due to ecological changes in the danube ( 2 ) .
a freshwater species found in deeper regions of strong to moderate flowing waters , which are cold , clear and oxygen - rich , with deep scours as hiding places ( 2 ) ( 7 ) .
classified as endangered ( en a2bcde , b1 + 2bce ) on the iucn red list 2004 ( 1 ) , and listed under appendix iii of the bern convention ( protected fauna ) ( 2 ) .
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mori , t . 1928 . on the fresh water fishes from the yalu river , korea , with descriptions of new species . journal of the chosen natural history society 6 : 54 - 70 .
justification : the only information we were able to acquire for this species was the names of rivers that were known to support the species . these presumably reflect historic distribution . to our knowledge , no recent field surveys have been conducted to determine current status . the current difficulty making contact with specialists in north korea is a major impediment . without any solid information on the species , we can only assess the species as data deficient .
this species is known from the am - nok river , dok - ro river , weon - ju river and jang - jin river , in the border region between north korea and china .
there is no information available on ecology or specific habitat requirements for this species .
there is no information available on any conservation actions in place for this species . some research is required to gather data to be able to assess the status of this fish .
asia : korea in am - nok river , dok - ro river , weon - ju river and jang - jin river .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 50 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 12218 )
chyung , m . - k . , 1977 . the fishes of korea . il ji sa publishing co . seoul , korea . 727 p . ( ref . 12218 )
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00977 ( 0 . 00470 - 0 . 02030 ) , b = 3 . 03 ( 2 . 86 - 3 . 20 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 9 ±0 . 7 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 50 of 100 ) .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
studies using passive monitoring techniques , while not without limitations , can prove very useful for collecting data on fish that are considered threatened , endangered , or vulnerable to extinction . the aris camera and video monitoring are both non - intrusive technologies that do not affect fish behavior , and therefore allow for monitoring fish in a more natural setting . continued advances in video monitoring systems and related software will increase the potential applications of tools such as the aris camera , and we are very excited about the future of this camera’s role in fisheries research and monitoring around the world .
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