dichomeris pyretodes is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1914 .

it is found in guyana , brazil and peru .

the wingspan is 14-16 mm .

the forewings are ochreous-whitish , the dorsal three-fifth suffusedly tinged with pale ferruginous .

the markings are suffused , dark ferruginous and there is a small mark on the base of the costa , as well as an irregular patch extending in the disc from the base to one-fourth and a slender streak along the costa from two-fifths to three-fourths .

there are elongate marks towards the costa about the middle and at three-fourths , as well as a streak through the disc from about one-third to three-fourths interrupted by a whitish dot representing the first discal stigma and two representing the second .

a short oblique streak terminates in the costa above the apex and there is a line along the apical portion of the costa .

the hindwings are grey .

dichomeris pyretodes

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noeza pyretodes meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 277 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
vad betyder dichomeris ? här finner du 2 definitioner av dichomeris . du kan även lägga till betydelsen av dichomeris själv
dichomeris är ett släkte av fjärilar som beskrevs av hübner 1818 . dichomeris ingår i familjen stävmalar .
dichomeris acmodeta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12
dichomeris agorastis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris albula ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris apicispina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris apludella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris bifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15
dichomeris bomiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris bucinaria ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris consertella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris cuprea ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris cuspis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris diffurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris fareasta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris fuscahopa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris fuscanella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris gansuensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris hodgesi ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris jiangxiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris lativalvata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris lespedezae ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris lutilinea ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris manticopodina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris menglana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris millotella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 212
dichomeris minutia ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris mitteri ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris molybdoterma meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 353
dichomeris ningshanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris nivalis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris paulianella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 213
dichomeris polygona ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris polypunctata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris qingchengshanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris quadratipalpa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris quadrifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris sexafurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris shenae ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris spicans ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris spuracuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris stasimopa meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 3 ) : 94
dichomeris strictella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris synergastis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris tersa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris varifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris violacula ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris wuyiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris yuebana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris yunnanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 35
dichomeris zymotella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 215
dichomeris junisonensis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1082
dichomeris acritopa meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72
dichomeris dolichaula meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 67
dichomeris loxonoma meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 123
dichomeris nyingchiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 254
dichomeris fuscahopa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 242
dichomeris fuscusitis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 243
dichomeris gansuensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 247
dichomeris hodgesi li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 232
dichomeris jiangxiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 244
dichomeris junisonis [ sic ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris yunnanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 254
dichomeris cuspis park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 19 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea
dichomeris derasella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19 ; [ fe ]
dichomeris fareasta park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 15 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea
dichomeris lamprostoma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23 ; [ fe ]
dichomeris mitteri park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 17 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea
dichomeris praevacua ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 :
dichomeris strictella park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 11 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea
dichomeris acritopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12
dichomeris adelocentra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris albiscripta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris allantopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris amphichlora ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris ampliata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris anisospila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris antiloxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris antisticta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris asodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15
dichomeris barymochla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15
dichomeris brachygrapha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris brachyptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris caerulescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris cellaria ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris centracma ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris ceponoma ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris charonaea ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris chartaria ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris chinganella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris chlanidota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris cinnabarina ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris citharista ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris clarescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris cocta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris contentella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris corniculata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris crepitatrix ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris deceptella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19
dichomeris deltoxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19
dichomeris diacrita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19
dichomeris dicausta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19
dichomeris doxarcha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris eridantis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris eucomopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris excoriata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris ferrata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris ferruginosa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris frenigera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris fungifera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris geochrota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris horoglypta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris ignorata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris illicita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris illucescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris imbricata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris immerita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris indiserta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris intensa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris isoclera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris leptosaris ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris leucothicta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris levigata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris lissota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris litoxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris lupata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris macroxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris malachias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris malacodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris melanortha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris melitura ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris mesoglena ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris metatoxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris metuens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris microdoxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris microsphena meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 166 ; tl : java , buitenzorg
dichomeris oceanis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris olivescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris ostracodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris pelitis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris petalodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris planata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris polyaema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris praealbescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris procrossa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris pseudometra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris ptychosema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris sciodora ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris semnias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris siranta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris summata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris synclepta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris tephroxesta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris testudinata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris tetraschema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris thyrsicola ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris toxolyca ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris traumatias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris uranopis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris viridella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris indigna ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 54 ( note )
dichomeris ceratomoxantha ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 63 ( note )
dichomeris adelocentra meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 305 ; tl : java , butenzorg
dichomeris albula park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 22 ; tl : taipei co . , taiwan
dichomeris baccata meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : brazil , teffé
= dichomeris bisignella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris brachygrapha meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 305 ; tl : assam , khasis
dichomeris bucinaria park , 1996 ; tinea 14 ( 4 ) : 230 ; tl : pintung co . , taiwan
dichomeris chalcophaea meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
dichomeris fida meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , para
dichomeris fusca park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 49 ; tl : taichung co . , taiwan
dichomeris fuscalis park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 16 ; tl : taipei co . , taiwan
dichomeris harmonias meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : china , shanghai
dichomeris horiodes meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , parintins
dichomeris horoglypta meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : hasimoto , japan
dichomeris ingloria meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : peru , lima
dichomeris leptosaris meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : hokkaido , japan
dichomeris leucothicta meyrick , 1919 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : bombay , dharwar
dichomeris lucrifuga meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , para
dichomeris lutivittata meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
dichomeris mesoctenis meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
dichomeris mesoglena meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 619 ; tl : coorg , pollibetta
dichomeris metuens meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 201 ; tl : seneng , java
dichomeris ochthophora meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 46 ; tl : taihoku , formosa
dichomeris orientis park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 36 ; tl : kaohsiung co . , taiwan
dichomeris praevacua meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : china , shanghai
dichomeris quercicola meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : punjab , kangra
dichomeris saturata meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : brazil , obidos
dichomeris sciodora meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : assam , khasis
dichomeris symmetrica park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 20 ; tl : taitung co . , taiwan
dichomeris syndias [ sic , recte syndyas ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris thermodryas meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : peru , iquitos
dichomeris trilobella park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 42 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan
dichomeris anisospila meyrick , 1934 ; dt . ent . z . iris 48 : 34 ; tl : guangdong , china
dichomeris argentaria meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 304 ; tl : barberton
dichomeris cotifera meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 303 ; tl : barberton
dichomeris cuprea li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 237 ; tl : shaanxi
dichomeris exsecta meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 354 ; tl : rhodesia , mazoe
dichomeris ignorata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 165 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft
dichomeris melanortha meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 510 ; tl : bombay , poona
dichomeris monorbella viette , 1988 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 93 ( 3 - 4 ) : 104
dichomeris squalens meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 282 ; tl : british guiana
resupina omelko , 1999 ; keys ins . russian far east 5 ( 2 ) : 107 ; ts : dichomeris okadai moriuti
dichomeris tactica meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 152 ; tl : ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
dichomeris acrolychna meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 112 ; tl : brazil , para
dichomeris allantopa meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 512 ; tl : nilambur , madras
dichomeris alogista meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72 ; tl : hunan , china
dichomeris brachymetra meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : peru , chosica , 2800m
dichomeris brachyptila meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 584 ; tl : upper burma , myitkyina
dichomeris ceponoma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 151 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft
dichomeris davisi park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 35 ; tl : taiwan , taipei co . , sirin
dichomeris ellipsias meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 114 ; tl : peru , iquitos
dichomeris lushanae park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 22 ; tl : taiwan , taipei co . , sozan
dichomeris moriutii ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 73
dichomeris physocoma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 286 ; tl : sierra leone , mabang
dichomeris procyphodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 115 ; tl : brazil , parintins
dichomeris rhodophaea meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 73
dichomeris simaoensis ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74
dichomeris stratigera meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , parintins
dichomeris subdentata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 113 ; tl : brazil , santarem
dichomeris testudinata meyrick , , 1934 ; dt . ent . z . iris 48 : 34 ; tl : guangdong , china
dichomeris thalamopa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 112 ; tl : brail , téffe
dichomeris xanthodeta meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : three sisters
dichomeris zonata ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74
dichomeris liui li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 234 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris qinlingensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 235 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris aequata meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 282 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
dichomeris agathopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 85 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
dichomeris anisacuminata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 231 ; tl : china , jiangxi
dichomeris antizyga meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 303 ; tl : barberton , pretoria
dichomeris aphanopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
dichomeris apicispina li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 241 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris asteropis meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , umvuma
dichomeris attenta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umvuma
dichomeris bifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 251 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris bodenheimeri ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16 ; [ afromoths ]
dichomeris bomiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 238 ; tl : china , xizang
dichomeris cachrydias meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 283 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
dichomeris decusella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19 ; [ afromoths ]
dichomeris diffurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 253 ; tl : fujian , china
dichomeris eustacta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
dichomeris excepta meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 9 ) : 279 ; tl : nyassaland , mt . mlanje
dichomeris hylurga meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , salisbury
dichomeris impigra meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : barberton , haenertsburg
dichomeris indiserta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 285 ; tl : malay states , kuala lumpur
dichomeris lativalvata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 248 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris manticopodina li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 239 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris menglana li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 257 ; tl : yunnan , china
dichomeris ningshanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 245 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris nivalis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 249 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris opsonoma meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 281 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
dichomeris pladarota meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
dichomeris polygona li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 243 ; tl : sichuan , china
dichomeris qingchengshanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 245 ; tl : sichuan , china
dichomeris quadratipalpa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 238 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris quadrifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 252 ; tl : fujian , china
dichomeris sexafurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 249 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris shenae li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 246 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris spicans li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 247 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris spuracuminata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 230 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris stromatias meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 23 ; tl : zululand , nkwaleni
dichomeris tersa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 241 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris varifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 250 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris violacula li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 237 ; tl : gansu , china
dichomeris wuyiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 255 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris xestobyrsa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 82 ; tl : rhodesia , salisbury
dichomeris yuebana li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 236 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris obscura li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 223 ; tl : fengxian , shaanxi , 1600m
dichomeris angustiptera li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 228 ; tl : fengxian , shaanxi , 1600m
dichomeris acrogypsa turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 168 ; tl : queensland , rosewood
dichomeris aculata ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 147 ( note )
dichomeris ampliata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris cirrhostola turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 169 ; tl : queensland , adavale
dichomeris deltaspis ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 155 ( note )
dichomeris excoriata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris ferrata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris ferrogra li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 225 ; tl : mengla , yunnan , 630m
dichomeris ferruginosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris heteracma meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 622 ; tl : brazil , teffé ; peru , iquitos
dichomeris instans meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 619 ; tl : peru , iquitos ; brazil , teffé
dichomeris lividula park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 57 ; tl : taiwan , hualien co . , pianau - col
dichomeris oleata meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : barberton , three sisters
dichomeris ostracodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 583 ; tl : upper burma , lashio , 3000ft
dichomeris petalodes meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 512 ; tl : nilambur , madras , india
dichomeris pleuroleuca turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 169 ; tl : queensland , eidsvold
dichomeris ptychosema meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris rectifascia li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 220 ; tl : kangxian , gansu , 800m
dichomeris simaoensis li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 221 ; tl : simao , yunnan , 325m
dichomeris summata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 172 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris varronia busck , 1913 ; ins . inscit . menstr . 1 ( 7 ) : 89 ; tl : kitty , british guiana
dichomeris ventosa meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 304 ; tl : barberton , three sisters
dichomeris zonata li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 222 ; tl : simao , yunnan , 325m
dichomeris tostella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 72 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]
dichomeris amphicoma meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 695 ; tl : brazil , santos
dichomeris antisticha meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 285 ; tl : costa rica , vulkan irazu , 4000ft
dichomeris fluitans meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 284 ; tl : natal , howick
dichomeris litoxyla meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 123 ; tl : yakovlevka , primorkii krai , russia
dichomeris nessica walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 95 ; tl : panama , la chorrera
dichomeris taiwana park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 48 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , sunmoon lake , 760m
dichomeris zomias meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 283 ; tl : british guiana , bartica and mallali
dichomeris hirculella busck , 1909 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : east river , connecticut
dichomeris clarescens meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
dichomeris dysorata turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 170 ; tl : new south wales , syndey
dichomeris elegans park , 2001 ; insecta koreana 18 ( 4 ) : 308 ; tl : taiwan , pingtung co . , kenting park , 50m
dichomeris jugata walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 97 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
dichomeris mengdana li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 227 ; tl : mengda , xunhua , qinghai , 2240m
dichomeris miltophragma meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 115 ; tl : brazil , para , obidos , parintins
dichomeris ptilocompa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 113 ; tl : brazil , teffé ; peru , jurimaguas
dichomeris substratella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 93 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
dichomeris vadonella viette , 1955 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 123 : 108 ; tl : ne . madagascar , maroantsetra , ambodivoangy
dichomeris xerodes walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 100 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
= dichomeris setosella ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 221
dichomeris glenni clarke , 1947 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 49 ( 7 ) : 187 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris aomoriensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14 ; ponomarenko , 1998 , far east . ent . 67 : 12
dichomeris ardesiella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 96 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , cordova
dichomeris arotrosema walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 95 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
dichomeris asodes meyrick , 1939 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 89 ( 4 ) : 54 ; tl : telawa , java
dichomeris erixantha ; meyrick , 1921 , ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
dichomeris eucomopa meyrick , 1939 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 89 ( 4 ) : 54 ; tl : telawa , java
dichomeris loxospila ; [ nhm card ] ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 77
dichomeris lypetica walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 91 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris crepitatrix meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
dichomeris dignella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 91 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris excavata busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 18 ; tl : porto bello , panama
dichomeris hexasticta walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris imbricata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
dichomeris lutea park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 59 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , meifeng , 30km s tayuling , 2200m
dichomeris lutilinea ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 118 ; tl : chuncheon , kangweon prov .
dichomeris metrodes meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 172 ; tl : hambantota , ceylon ; bombay
dichomeris olivescens meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : kandy and maskeliya , ceylon
dichomeris thalpodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , para ; peru , r . napo
dichomeris tristicta busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 17 ; tl : trinidad river , panama
dichomeris melanophylla ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 114 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
dichomeris angulata ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 14 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris bulawskii ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 114 ; tl : 27km sw slavjanka , primorskii krai
dichomeris fusca ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 60 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 49
dichomeris linealis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 83 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris lividula ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 83 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris lushanae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 86 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris lutea ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 86 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris ochreata ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 102 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris taiwana ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 135 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris trilobella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 141 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris illusio hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : hastings , florida
dichomeris imitata hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 104 , pl . 3 , f . 5 ; tl : devers , texas
dichomeris angulata park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 43 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , leinhauchi forest station , 15km sw puli , 750m
dichomeris aprica ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15 ; li & sattler , 2012 , zootaxa 3373 : 57
dichomeris enoptrias ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris hoplocrates ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris issikii ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris ochreata park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 32 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , mei - feng , 30km s tayuling , 2200m
dichomeris pyrrhoschista ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris sciritis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31 ; li & sattler , 2012 , zootaxa 3373 : 57
dichomeris synergastis ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 116 ; tl : yong - in , kyunggi prov .
dichomeris viridescens ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris offula hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 117 , pl . 3 , f . 21 ; tl : ithaca , new york
dichomeris crepida hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 118 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : mcclellanville , south carolina
dichomeris santarosensis hodges , 1985 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 87 ( 2 ) : 456 ; tl : santa rosa national park , guanacaste , costa rica
dichomeris nenia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 40 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ; tl : bandera co . , texas
dichomeris hypochloa walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 23 ; tl : mexico , sonora
dichomeris caia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 62 , pl . 4 , f . 7 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris laetitia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 88 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris aleatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 91 , pl . 2 , f . 27 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris furia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 93 , pl . 2 , f . 30 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris baxa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 105 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : presidio of monterey , california
dichomeris cinnamicostella ; walsingham , 1911 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 103 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris costalis busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 18 ; tl : tabogilla i . and porto bello , panama
dichomeris habrochitona walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; tl : panama , tabernilla
dichomeris quercicola ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30 ; ponomarenko , 1998 , far east . ent . 67 : 13
dichomeris carycina ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris caryophragma ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris diacnista ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris lypetica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 54 ( note ) ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris tactica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 60 ( note ) ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris latescens ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 63 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris siren hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 64 , pl . 4 , f . 9 ; tl : henson creek , oxon hill , maryland
dichomeris vindex hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 83 , pl . 2 , f . 9 - 10 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris gleba hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 87 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 20 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris legnotoa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : largo , pinellas co . , florida
dichomeris mimesis hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 2 , f . 39 ; tl : salmon , anderson co . , texas
dichomeris simulata hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 104 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; tl : canadian , hemphill co . , texas
dichomeris percnopolis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 93 , pl . 3 , f . 11 ; tl : guatemala , zapote , 2000ft
dichomeris renascens walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 96 , pl . 3 , f . 14 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
dichomeris xuthostola walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 101 , pl . 3 , f . 18 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
dichomeris sylphe hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 58 , pl . 1 , f . 22 ; tl : archbold biological staion , lake placid , florida
dichomeris ardelia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 62 , pl . 4 , f . 8 ; tl : archbold biological station , lake placid , florida
dichomeris kimballi hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 71 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : archbold biological staion , lake placid , florida
dichomeris aglaia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 85 , pl . 2 , f . 15 ; tl : lake placid , florida , archbold biological station
dichomeris anisacuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14 ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74
dichomeris argigastra walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
dichomeris autometra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15 ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 )
dichomeris crambaleas ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris melanota walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 , pl . 3 , f . 13 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , cordova
dichomeris okadai ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris prensans meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , para , parintins , manaos ; peru , iquitos ; british guiana , bartica
dichomeris sciastes walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 90 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
dichomeris gausapa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : pl . 1 , f . 8 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona
= dichomeris acuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 34
dichomeris solatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 48 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; tl : peña blanca canyon , santa cruz co . arizona
= dichomeris punctidiscella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 56 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 36
dichomeris copa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 92 , pl . 2 , f . 28 ; tl : snyder heights 1100 ' , ithaca , new york
dichomeris achne hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 87 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : parker is . , highlands co . , florida
dichomeris euprepes hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 110 , pl . 4 , f . 11 ; tl : big black mnts , letcher co . , kentucky
dichomeris carinella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 20 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris fuscusitis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21 ; zhao , park , bae & li , 2017 , zootaxa 4273 ( 2 ) : ( 216 - 234 )
dichomeris intensa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : maskeliya and puttalam , ceylon ; cuddapah , 4000ft , n . coorg
dichomeris leucostena walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 , pl . 3 , f . 12 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris blanchardorum hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 , pl . 1 , f . 10 - 11 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas
dichomeris gnoma hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 106 , pl . 3 , f . 11 ; tl : shingle creek road , keremeos , british columbia , canada
dichomeris mercatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 110 , pl . 3 , f . 15 ; tl : mclean bogs reserve , tompkins co . , new york
dichomeris bulawskii ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16 ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 151 ( note )
dichomeris diva hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 57 , pl . 1 , f . 21 ; tl : 1 mi s patagonia , santa cruz co . , arizona
dichomeris fistuca hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 68 , pl . 1 , f . 25 ; tl : wedge plantation , mccellanville , charleston co . , south carolina
dichomeris atomogypsa ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 72 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15
dichomeris alphito hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 88 , pl . 2 , f . 21 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona
dichomeris pelta hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 99 , pl . 2 , f . 36 ; tl : wedge plantation , mcclellanville , charleston co . , south carolina
dichomeris acrochlora ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 112 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12
dichomeris sybilla hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 121 , pl . 3 , f . 24 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona
dichomeris evitata walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 15 ; tl : panama , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft
dichomeris harmonias ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris xanthoa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; tl : ft . niobrara national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska
dichomeris bolize hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 100 , pl . 2 , f . 37 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska


trochoidea spratti is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family hygromiidae , the hairy snails and their allies .

this species is endemic to malta .

trochoidea spratti

trochoidea ( trochoidea ) spratti subsp . spratti ( l . pfeiffer , 1846 )
trochoidea ( trochoidea ) spratti subsp . spratti ( l . pfeiffer , 1846 ) | fauna europaea
no match was found for trochoidea spratti despotti . the closest matches are listed below :
occurs in 2 subspecies : t . s . spratti ( comino , cominotto , n parts of gozo , nw malta ) and t . s . calcarata ( benoit , 1862 ) ( s gozo , entire malta , fifla ) . references : westerlund 1889 : 324 , falkner 1990 : 216 , giusti et al . 1995 : 395 , beckmann 2003 ( perfect range map ) , sammut [ 2006 ] : urltoken ( 12 / 2006 ) , welter - schultes 2012 : 516 ( range map ) .
pfeiffer , l . 1846 . symbolae ad historiam heliceorum . sectio tertia . - pp . 1 - 100 . cassellis . ( th . fischer ) .
shell dirty white , sometimes brownish with darker colour bands , densely ribbed , 5 - 6 whorls with a very prominent keel , suture looks like impressed , aperture small with weak lip inside , umbilicus moderately wide and perspectivical , 1 / 8 - 1 / 7 of diameter .
rocky habitats with mediterranean shrub vegetation , under stones , in rock crevices or at the base of plants , also in artificial habitats such as rock faces , walls and field edges .
- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
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shells for sale , shells online « shells for sale , conchology , inc .
the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
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museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
urltoken is now considered an online flora of the maltese islands , portraying more than 900 species of plants found in maltese habitats . it harbours a forum created in 2005 were memberes discuss topics about the maltese flora and id of plants .
posts and messages about the insects , spiders , caterpillars , worms , larvae etc . .
an endemic species this is found widespread throughout our islands in a wide variety of forms . these were previously described as separate species or subspecies . however , genetics have degraded these as just forms of a common variable species . nice mollusc .


the port jackson shark ( heterodontus portusjacksoni ) is a nocturnal , oviparous ( egg laying ) type of bullhead shark of the family heterodontidae , found in the coastal region of southern australia , including the waters off port jackson .

it has a large , blunt head with prominent forehead ridges and dark brown harness-like markings on a lighter grey-brown body , and can grow up to 1.65 metres ( 5.5 ft ) long .

the port jackson shark is a migratory species , traveling south in the summer and returning north to breed in the winter .

it feeds on hard-shelled mollusks , crustaceans , sea urchins , and fish .

identification of this species is very easy due to the pattern of harness-like markings which crosses the eyes , runs along the back to the first dorsal fin , then crosses the side of the body , in addition to the spine in front of both dorsal fins .

port jackson shark

the port jackson shark is one of the few shark species that can breathe while motionless .
here is some more information about the port jackson shark congregated at one place .
a port jackson shark lounges near a rocky reef sponge garden in bass strait .
video of port jackson sharks during the breeding season in cabbage tree bay , sydney , new south wales . the second shark in the video is a crested port jackson shark .
port jackson shark : the shark that lays ‘corkscrew’ eggs – s . e . a . aquarium at resorts world sentosa
en - port jackson shark , fr - requin dormeur taureau , sp - dormilón toro .
teeth and jaw of port jackson shark . view full size photographer : paul ovenden © australian museum
there ' s nothing wrong with this port jackson shark ; it ' s just buccal breathing .
ryan tate of the taronga conservation society in australia inspecting a port jackson shark , up close .
crested bullhead shark eating a port jackson shark egg ( author : taso viglas cc by - s . a . 2 . 0 )
in the event a shark approaches humans it is rarely attempting to seek help , but for this port jackson shark that was all it was after .
another important peculiar feature of a port jackson shark is its pair of spiny dorsal fins . dorsal fins mean the fins on the back . unlike most of their cousins , the port jackson shark’s back fins are almost equal in size .
conservation biology of the port jackson shark , heterodontus portusjacksoni , in new south wales /  by david mark powter .
squalus philippi bloch and schneider , 18011801 : 134 . no type material , botany bay , port jackson , australia , based on the port jackson shark of phillip , 1789 : 283 , fig .
view a movie of port jackson sharks mating at manly , 16 august 2012 .
predators not much is known about predators of port jackson sharks . juveniles are more likely to become prey for other marine life , than the adults . there are some reports indicating adult male port jackson sharks prey upon port jackson shark egg capsules , however some speculate that those reports were cases of mistaken identity since crested horn sharks ( heterodontus galeatus ) have been seen preying upon port jackson shark egg capsules on several occasions . there are some speculations that port jackson sharks could fall prey to larger sharks , such as the white shark or bluntnose sevengill shark .
however , the great white shark and the broadnose sevengill shark are potential predators when their paths cross with this shark .
according to the international shark attack file , there are no confirmed attacks by port jackson sharks . generally , port jackson sharks are considered to be harmless , however , if provoked they could pose a threat .
port jackson sharks catch their food by using their sense of smell to detect prey .
juvenile port jackson sharks are often kept in aquariums . they can thrive in captivity .
) is a harmless , sedentary shark from southern australia . port jackson sharks mostly stay in shallow - water caves and reefs .
conservation biology of the port jackson shark , heterodontus portusjacksoni , in new south wales [ manuscript ] / by david mark powter .
heterodontus portusjacksoni is most commonly known as the port jackson shark ( english ) . the port jackson shark received its name after port jackson australia , where it is commonly seen . other english language names for this species include bullhead , oyster - crusher , tabbigaw , pigfish , pig , and horn shark . other common names include australiansarvihai ( finnish ) , doggenhai ( german ) , dormilón toro ( spanish ) , port jackson stierkophaai ( dutch ) , port jackson - haj ( danish ) , portjacksonhaj ( swedish ) , and requin dormeur taureau ( french ) .
the name port jackson came from the natural harbor of sydney . it is the location of first european settlement in australia . the shark can often be found near the port .
the port jackson shark occurs in southern australian waters from southern queensland south to tasmania and west to the central coast of western australia .
a port jackson shark at wilsons promontory , victoria . ( author : mark norman / museum victoria cc by - 3 . 0 )
squalus jacksoni suckow , 1799 : 102 . no type material , botany bay , port jackson , australia , based on the port jackson shark of phillip , 1789 : 283 , fig . reference from fowler ( 1941 ) .
when they hatch , juvenile port jackson sharks , called pups , are about 25 cm long .
port jackson sharks hunt for hard - shelled mollusks , crustaceans , sea urchins , and fish .
the port jackson shark is of little importance to humans , since it is not used for food , and rarely targeted in sport fishing . because of its slow moving nature during the day , the port jackson shark is not of great interest to fisherman . typically , this shark is used for scientific research or caught as bycatch .
denticles the port jackson shark has large dermal denticles , aligned in a posterior direction . their skin is often described as rough and very tough .
squalus philippinus shaw , 1804 : 341 . no type material ? , southern pacific ocean , botany bay ( port jackson , australia ) , apparently based on the port jackson shark of phillip ( 1789 : 283 , fig . ) , and termed the
phillipian shark
by shaw .
although most sharks need to swim constantly in order to breathe , the port jackson shark can actively pump seawater while resting on the ocean floor .
the family heterodontidae has eight species , all in the genus heterodontus , three of which are found in australian waters . these are the port jackson shark , the zebra horn shark , heterodontus zebra , and the crested horn shark , heterodontus galeatus .
port jackson sharks are not considered dangerous towards humans but they can give a painful bite if provoked .
anderson is always open to giving a shark a cuddle , and his friend - the port jackson - can ' t seem to get enough of anderson .
conservation biology of the port jackson shark , heterodontus portusjacksoni , in new south wales [ manuscript ] / by david mark powter . - version details - trove
hundreds of port jackson sharks were massed on the sandy seafloor among rocky reefs covered with brightly coloured sponges .
the port jackson shark grows to 1 . 65 m in length . more commonly , males grow to 75 cm and females between 80 cm and 95 cm .
anderson ' s friend is a 6 - foot female port jackson shark . she doesn ' t have a name , but anderson recognizes her by her markings .
there are several known parasites of port jackson sharks , including parasitic isopods . port jackson sharks are important predators of echinoderms and crustaceans . through predation on echinoderms it is likely that they positively influence populations of mollusks and algae .
this is the largest aggregation of port jackson sharks i ' ve ever seen ,
professor barrett said .
sharks are oviparous ( like the port jackson shark ) , viviparous ( give birth to live young ) , such as the blue shark or ovovivaparous ( produce eggs which stay in the female and hatch inside the parent with no placental connection ) , such as the grey nurse shark .
rogers , c . 2000 . port jackson sharks . nature australia , 26 ( 10 ) : 26 - 33 .
anderson , who ' s been scuba diving for 27 years and runs a dive school , hopes his friendship with this port jackson shark will make people less fearful of sharks .
in western australia , reported catches of the port jackson shark for marine aquaria ranged from 197 to 664 specimens per year between 2008 and 2012 ( fletcher and santoro 2013 ) .
the port jackson shark is native to the temperate waters around southern australia . they swim from southern queensland , to tasmania , and on to the central coast of western australia .
to a very large extent , a shark’s dentition dictates its feeding habits , and the port jackson shark ( heterodontus portusjacksoni ) is subject to this rule , too . however , like its fellow members of the family heterodontidae ( “different teeth” ) , the rear teeth of the port jackson shark change form dramatically as the animal grows . the teeth of juveniles of this species are all more - or - less alike . but by the time port jackson sharks are mature , their rear teeth have become elongated and molar - like .
« this shark is endemic to the coastal waters of australia , and to port jackson in particular , sydney ' s natural harbour and home to its famous opera house . »
the conservation status of port jackson is unknown . recent studies suggest port jackson shark populations suffer from high embryonic mortality rates , and thus should be monitored closely to insure the populations are not being overfished as bycatch . the fact that port jackson sharks reach maturity later in life , along with the limited number of eggs produced each year , and high embryonic mortality rates could all contribute to a decrease in the population .
a group of individual port jackson sharks resting together at their mating aggregation . both male and female port jackson sharks travel to the same rocky reef in australia to breed ever year , meaning that they form long - term relationships over many years
the port jackson shark , a sleeper shark , is a nocturnal predator that mainly feeds on bottom - dwelling invertebrates like sea urchins , sea stars , crabs and shellfish whose shells it crushes with its flattened , molar - like teeth .
do you find the name “port jackson shark” funny ? well , the owner of the name looks funnier . this species of shark belong to the “bullhead shark” family . bullhead sharks ( heterodontiformes ) are also known as horn sharks ( a bull has a pair of horns , right ? ) .
female port jackson sharks mature at 11 to 14 years of age , whereas males only take around 8 to 10 years .
port jackson sharks live on rocky reefs close to the coast . they can be found down to depths of 275 m .
the study , which involved tagging port jackson sharks , was conducted in jervis bay in new south wales , australia . the bay was chosen because it hosts large seasonal mating aggregations of port jackson sharks , a bottom - dwelling species endemic to australia
cestracion philippi lesson , 1830 , 2 : 97 ; 3 , pl . 2 . no type material , botany bay , port jackson , australia , based on the port jackson shark of phillip , 1789 : 283 , fig . proposed as a new name ; specimen illustrated may not be this species .
the port jackson sharks are bottom dwellers . so , they generally feed on other creatures that live there . they are night feeders . they feed on sea urchins , mollusks , small fishes , and crustaceans ( crabs , shrimps , lobsters ) . port jackson shark eating larger preys than that is rare .
mcgrouther , m . 2005 .
port jackson shark , heterodontus portjacksoni
( on - line ) . fishes : australian museum fish site . accessed march 06 , 2006 at urltoken .
port jackson sharks lay eggs in cases on onshore reefs . after laying her egg the female wedges it in a rock ledge .
besides port jacksons , anderson dives with other shark species , such as banjo sharks , grey nurse sharks , tiger sharks , bull sharks , hammerhead sharks and even the odd great white shark .
port jackson sharks are considered harmless to humans , although the teeth , whilst not large or sharp , can give a painful bite .
) . juveniles in nursery grounds are more vulnerable to predation by other sharks . eggs may be eaten by male port jackson sharks .
external link : a large gathering of port jackson sharks on the seafloor . ( university of tasmania institute of marine and antarctic studies )
the study , published in the journal royal society open science , used social network analysis to examine the social interactions of port jackson shark , which are arguably the most common sharks in southern australia .
izzo , c . & rodda , k . r . 2012 . comparative rates of growth of the port jackson shark throughout its southern australian range . marine and freshwater research 63 : 687 - 694 .
the port jackson shark is a distinctive blunt - headed fish that has a spine in front of both dorsal fins . port jackson sharks have harness - like markings which cross the eyes , run along the back to the first dorsal fin , then cross the side of the body . this pattern makes it very easy to identify the species .
squalus portusjacksoni meyer , 1793 , systematisch - summarische uebersicht der neuesten zoologischen entdeckungen in neuholland und afrika : 71 . type locality : port jackson
the study , which involved tagging port jackson sharks ( heterodontus portusjacksoni ) , was conducted in jervis bay in new south wales , australia .
the port jackson shark is one of three australian species belonging to the heterodontid ( bull - head ) shark family . it’s actually the largest in body size of the group and is quite unmistakable with its broad forehead ridges , blunt forehead and almost pig - like snout .
the port jackson shark can be found at the seagrass habitat , together with the polka - dot batfish and dwarf whiprays . check them out the next time you’re at s . e . a . aquarium !
port jackson sharks are primarily found off the southern coast of australia . while there have been reports of port jackson sharks being found off the northern coast of australia , southern coast of queensland , and off the coast of new zealand , there is very little evidence that these populations exist .
port jackson sharks mature sexually at between ages 8 and 10 years old for the males , and 11 to 14 years old for the females .
rodda , k . r . & r . s . seymour . 2008 . functional morphology of embryonic development in the port jackson shark heterodontus portusjacksoni ( meyer ) j . fish biol . 72 : 961 - 984 .
there are some questionable records of the port jackson sharks being caught as far north as york sound in western australia . the species has been recorded only once from new zealand . studies of port jackson shark genetics suggest there may be two populations in australia , one occurring from southern queensland to new south wales and the second from north - eastern victoria to western australia .
port jackson sharks forage for food at night when their prey are most active . they often use caves and rocky outcrops as protection during the day .
port jackson sharks are not protected by any conservation law . they are not a threatened species and so they are not going to be extincted soon .
port jackson sharks are normally found in tropical and temperate waters in depths normally less than 100m , but can sometimes be found as deep as 275m .
this dental arrangement enables adult port jackson sharks to tackle even the toughest of hard - shelled prey . due to its specialized dentition and ability to tolerate wide changes in salinity , the port jackson shark often haunts the intertidal zone at high tide . there it uses its multi - cusped front teeth to grasp almost any intertidal creature it finds and grinds them up using its molar - like rear teeth . unfortunately for australian aquaculturists , the port jackson does not differentiate between wild bivalves and commercial mussel and oyster beds . indeed , port jackson sharks seem to regard these carefully maintained , hanging structures as a kind of free underwater smorgasbord of which they are obligated to take full advantage . this costly opportunism has earned port jackson sharks a vile reputation among commercial shellfish farmers , who know them by the hated name , “oyster crusher” .
guttridge , t . l . & c . brown . 2013 . learning and memory in the port jackson shark , heterodontus portusjacksoni . anim . cogn . doi 10 . 1007 / s10071 - 013 - 0673 - 4 .
the port jackson shark is quite hardy and does well even in captivity . as a result , a few aquariums keep it as a display animal . that aside , it’s of little interest to humans on a commercial level .
genetic studies on the port jackson shark indicates that there are two distinct populations of this species . one population is found from northeastern victoria to western australia , and the second is found from southern queensland to new south wales .
powter , d . w . & w . gladstone . 2008 . embryonic mortality and predation on egg capsules of the port jackson shark heterodontus portusjacksoni ( meyer ) . journal of fish biology 72 ( 3 ) : 573 - 584 .
( these researchers might have the best job in the world . who wouldn’t want to hang out and watch a shark tank all day long ? and port jackson sharks , even among sharks , are pretty damn awesome - looking . )
the port jackson shark is caught as bycatch by a range of fisheries throughout its distribution , sometimes in high numbers . their flesh and fins are considered of poor quality across their distribution . the port jackson shark is therefore rarely used commercially , resulting in most specimens being discarded in all fisheries catching them ( walker et al . 2005 , walker and gason 2007 , ryan et al . 2013 ) , often alive . catch figures are mostly unavailable as fishers do not land this species .
port jackson sharks usually live in rocky environments on , or near , the bottom . sometimes they are found in muddy and sandy areas , or where seagrass occurs .
port jackson sharks segregate into same - sex groups . males and females may occupy different habitats during most parts of the year . males and females encounter each other only briefly during breeding . port jackson sharks are mainly active at night , when their prey are active , and rest in crevices and under rock outcroppings during the day .
the frilled brown egg cases from port jackson sharks are also a common sight , as are sponges , which may be fan , cup , or tube - shaped .
scientists have been amazed to find unusually large groups of port jackson sharks lounging amongst colourful sponge gardens and rocky reefs in a previously unexplored marine reserve in bass strait .
if you are a shark lover there are some more shark related posts for you . go check them out . here is the juicy list for you : -
the port jackson shark is a nocturnal , bottom dwelling shark that is found in the temperate waters off of the southern half of australia . port jackson sharks are found both close to shore and off the shelf in waters as deep as 902feet ( 275m ) . during the day they are found in flat areas with some shelter from currents ( i . e . caves ) . depending on the season , port jackson sharks migrate between ' foraging refuges ' and ' ovipositional refuges ' . during the mating season , august - november , port jackson sharks are seen laying their eggs close to shore , and thus more neonates are seen in the shallows come hatching season . it is believed that this species has great spatial memory , and knows where other groups and resting sites occur . thus if an individual is disturbed at one site it can quickly find another acceptable site within the region . there is some evidence that suggests that port jackson sharks are seen in groups segregated by gender and level of maturity .
in new south wales , the port jackson shark is caught as bycatch in the prawn trawl fishery mainly off the central coast north of sydney , but no catch information is recorded ( d . powter , pers . comm . , february 2015 ) .
a port jackson shark ( heterodontus portusjacksoni ) in jervis bay , australia . researchers have shown that these sharks show very strong preferences for particular individuals in their social networks over years , and prefer to hang out with others of the same sex and size
port jackson sharks are a lot smaller than great white sharks , but any kind of shark tends to ignite fear , especially as the media often wrongly portrays sharks as dangerous to people . in reality , people are far more dangerous to sharks - it ' s estimated that people kill 73 million sharks per year for shark fin soup .
differences in growth curves have been documented between the port jackson shark from the two biogeographic zones suggested by o ' gower and nash ( 1978 ) . however , length ranges and size at maturity overlapped between bioregions , not supporting the presence of subpopulations across the distribution of the port jackson shark ( izzo and rodda 2012 ) . recent tracking data , however , suggests high site fidelity , with only ~ 15 % of individuals migrating ( c . brown and n . bass , pers . comm . , february 2015 ) . genetics analyses are currently underway to assess the population structure of port jackson sharks ( c . brown and n . bass , pers . comm . , february 2015 ) .
as you may have guessed from its name , this shark is native to australia : southern australia to be precise , and is named after the beautiful port jackson harbour in sydney . this shark species has a light grey / brown body color with distinct dark brown harness - like markings . also , it has prominent spines in front of each dorsal fin which are quite sharp in juveniles but become blunted as the shark ages .
port jackson sharks , like other sharks , probably have keen chemosensation and can detect small movements in the water with tactile organs . nothing is known about communication in these sharks .
clark , j . a . , brown , c . , gillings , m . r . et al . 2017 . characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the port jackson shark , heterodontus portusjacksoni ( meyer , 1793 ) . marine biodiversity 4pp . urltoken abstract
reefquest centre for shark research text and illustrations © r . aidan martin copyright | privacy
while dr . day was enthusiastic about the possibility of creating a shark habitat there , zoo officials took some convincing —the zoo hadn’t had a shark exhibit for 25 years .
the research will provide a basis for ongoing monitoring of the reefs and shark conservation .
the port jackson shark is an abundant inhabitant of coastal reefs throughout its range , mainly on the continental shelf from close inshore to depths of 275 m ( last and stevens 2009 ) . it is most active at night when feeding . mcgaughlin and o ' gower ( 1971 ) gave a detailed description of the habitat use and movements of the port jackson shark in the waters off new south wales . since then , several phd theses investigated various aspects of the species ' ecology and biology ( rodda 2000 , tovar - avila 2006 , powter 2007 , ramos 2007 , bass 2012 ) . powter ( 2007 ) described the port jackson shark as using mostly shallow ( 3 . 5 - 13 . 5 m deep ) coastal rocky reefs dominated by areas of barren and kelp habitat with adjacent sand flats .
parasite numerous parasites have been reported both on and within port jackson sharks . parasites found include copepods , nematodes , leeches , fish lice , cestodes , trematodes , and isopod larvae .
port jackson sharks have the ability to eat and breathe at the same time . this ability is unusual for sharks , many of which need to swim with the mouth open to force water over the gills . the port jackson shark can pump water into the first enlarged gill slit and out through the other four gill slits . by pumping water across the gills , the shark does not need to move to ' breathe ' . it can lie on the bottom for long periods of time , a behaviour that is observed at breeding time .
after egg - laying , a mother port jackson shark may take a year off to rebuild her energy stores . then she will be ready to mate again . through extensive tagging studies along southeastern australia , it was discovered that , like many other sharks , port jacksons segregate by sex . female port jacksons generally live in deeper water than the males . but both sexes must come together to mate , an event which often occurs in shallow intertidal areas , just inshore of the traditional egg - laying grounds . during mating , the male port jackson shark typically grasps the female by one of her pectoral fins , flexes the far - side clasper across the mid - line of his body and inserts it into her genital opening .
port jackson sharks are oviparous , meaning they lay egg capsules instead of giving live birth , and have an annual reproductive cycle . the port jackson shark breeding season lasts from late august to mid november , during which time a female will lay a pair of eggs every 10 - 14 days . scientists have noted that a female can lay up to 16 eggs during each breeding season . an embryo develops for 10 - 11 months before hatching from its egg capsule completely . a typical port jackson shark hatchling ( known as a neonate ) is 7 . 1 - 8 . 7 inches ( 180 - 220mm ) long in total length . recent studies have suggested that egg capsules suffer 89 . 1 % mortality , primarily from predation .
the port jackson shark ( heterodontus portusjacksoni ) is a nocturnal , bottom - dwelling shark that grows up to about 1 . 6 metres . it is commonly found in the temperate waters on the eastern , western and southern coast of australia , usually at depths of less than 100 metres . it is named after the natural habour of sydney where it is found .
port jackson sharks lay dark brown spiral egg cases . while the eggs are still soft , the females wedge them into crevices for protection , and the young hatch after about one year .
they found that both male and female port jackson sharks travel to the same rocky reef in australia to breed ever year , meaning that they form long - term relationships over many years .
mills , m . , rasch , r . , siebeck , u . e . , collin , s . p . 2011 . exogenous material in the inner ear of the adult port jackson shark , heterodontus portusjacksoni ( elasmbranchii ) . anatomica record 294 : 373 - 378 .
as a member of the heterodontidae family , the port jackson shark displays some of the typical characteristics that make up the family , including a spine found in front of each of the dorsal fins . the port jackson shark also displays a blunt head , an anal fin , and large crests above its eyes . the most distinguishing feature of this species is the dark colored harness - like pattern along the top front and sides of its body . other distinctive features noted by scientists include a small mouth , and nostrils that connect to the mouth through grooves .
, porbeagle , salmon shark , the silvertip shark , and hammerheads . although long thought to be oviparous ( an egg 14 inches ( 36 cm ) long was once found ) ,
squalus portus jacksoni meyer , 1793 , syst . summar . zool . entdeck . neuholland , afrika : 71 . no type material , botany bay , new south wales , australia , based on the port jackson shark of phillip , 1789 , voyage botany bay : 283 , fig .
port jackson shark is a bottom dweller . like most bottom dweller fishes they prefer sea bottoms with plenty of places for hiding . so , they live in the rocky underwater environments . sea beds with kelp forests is their another favorite . it is natural because every predator loves forests .
port jackson sharks have two types of teeth : incisors for cutting and molars for crushing . they are ideal for holding , crushing , and breaking the shells of their crustacean and mollusk prey .
) . it was named after port jackson in sydney harbour . they are found from southern coastal australia to the central coast of western australia . some have been found as far north as york sound in western australia . according to studies of the genetics of the port jackson sharks , there are two different populations found in different regions that extend the length of the southern part of australia .
some sharks , however , have completely lost the ability to breathe by buccal pumping , and these are the sharks that will indeed drown if they stop swimming and ramming water . these sharks are known as obligate ram breathers ( or obligate ram ventilators ) ; only about two dozen of the 400 identified shark species are required to maintain this forward swimming motion [ source : bennetta ] . these include the great white shark , the mako shark , the salmon shark and the whale shark .
port jackon sharks are also popular exhibits in aquaria , with commercial collecting is controlled by government legislation .
from an ancient order of sharks that predates the dinosaurs , port jackson sharks look prehistoric . between july and october , males and females gather in huge numbers around new south wales in australia to mate . two weeks later , females produce the first pair of extraordinary spiral - shaped eggs . these large eggs ( nearly the size of the mother’s head ! ) would have required a considerable energy investment , and so mothers will sometimes carry their eggs in their mouths and wedge them into crevices in the rock . the corkscrew design of the egg makes them difficult to dislodge , so they are kept safe from predators . the unfortunate few that don’t have a safe hiding place make easy pickings for predators . the crested horn shark , which looks almost identical to the port jackson shark , is a major predator of port jackson shark eggs . they crush the eggs using their strong jaws , feeding off the rich yolk .
such mental maps play a vital role in port jackson shark reproduction . every two years , from august until early october , adult female port jacksons return to traditional inshore egg - laying sites . two auger - shaped egg cases are laid at a time . when the egg cases are first laid , they are amber in color , soft and pliable . one by one , the mother port jackson gently picks - up her freshly - laid egg cases between her front teeth and swims them to a nearby rocky reef . there , she pushes them into any convenient crevice . in urban areas , port jackson shark egg cases are sometimes pushed under drainage pipes or into tin cans . no matter where they are deposited , once they harden , the egg cases turn dark brown and are virtually impossible for would - be predators to remove — they must literally be unscrewed , which is a tall order for egg thieves lacking opposable thumbs .
: the port jackson shark is an unusual shark since it can eat and breathe at the same time . it can also breathe while it stands still . it has an enlarged first gill slit , which it uses to pump water in , then the water exits through the four smaller gill slits ( most other sharks pump water in through their mouth , which is why they cannot eat and breathe simultaneously ) .
port jackson sharks have been described as having grey , light brown , fawn , or whitish colored bodies . however , the distinguishing coloration on port jackson sharks is the dark black banding found on the back and sides of their bodies . there is a band that crosses over the face and usually passes right over the eyes . then there is a harness shaped band that crosses over the backside before the first dorsal fin and continues across the pectoral fins and sides of these sharks . scientists have also observed narrow dark stripes found on the back of port jackson sharks that begin at the first dorsal fin and continue to the caudal fin .
also , this shark is believed to have it origins from somewhere off the coast of south africa .
for now , populations of this shark still appear healthy , despite various fishing activities in its habitat .
christie , a . 2015 . account of a mass aggregation of port jackson sharks heterodontus portusjacksoni at point cooke marine sanctuary , victoria , australia . the victorian naturalist 132 ( 4 ) : 108 - 117 . abstract
port jackson sharks inhabit rocky environments on or near the bottom . but may also be found in muddy and sandy areas , or where seagrass occurs . they usually feed on sea urchins , molluscs , crustaceans and small fish .
in south australia , the port jackson shark is caught as bycatch in the spencer gulf and gulf st vincent prawn trawl fishery ( currie et al . 2009 , sardi unpublished data ) and was caught in 73 of the 120 sites sampled during a bycatch survey of the spencer gulf prawn trawl fishery ( currie et al . 2009 ) .
belonging to the family of bullhead sharks ( heterodontidae ) , the port jackson shark has a large , blunt head with prominent arched ridges on its forehead . its dark brown harness - like marking crosses the eyes , runs along the back to the first dorsal fin , and then crosses the side of its medium grey - brown body .
carnivores with small sharp teeth in the front of the jaws and molars at the rear , used for grabbing then crushing their prey of molluscs , crustaceans , echinoderms and fishes . port jackson sharks are nocturnal and usually forage at night .
port jackson sharks deposit their egg cases and then wedge them into rock crevices . the eggs develop into juvenile sharks in the egg case and then emerge after 10 to 12 months . after the young sharks are born , they move into nursery areas in bays and estuaries where they remain until maturity . juvenile port jackson sharks remain in mixed sex groups for several years . after a few years , the young move into deeper waters and separate into female and male groups .
port jackson sharks are nocturnal and they feed at night . unlike most other sharks , they don’t have to keep moving to breathe . therefore , they are able to breathe while eating and also stay still for long periods of time .
port jackson sharks avoid humans . they are bottom dwellers and so do not come into contact with us . they are considered harmless . but if you try to catch one by hand , expect a sharp bite from those sharp teeth .
thanks for the feedback . i agree seeing port jackon sharks is one of the great joys of diving and snorkeling .
surveys of shark population abundance caught as part of the gillnet , hook and trap sector ( ghat ) ( part of the southern and eastern scalefish and shark fishery , sessf ) indicate that the number of port jackson sharks in bass strait declined from 701 individuals caught per 1 , 000 km lift hours ( standard error ; s . e . = 180 ) in 1973 - 76 to 169 ( s . e . = 40 ) in 1998 - 2001 ( braccini
in september , the zoo unveiled an exhibit featuring a small group of port jackson sharks , a joint project with macquarie university , where researchers are studying the social behavior of sharks to help battle the misconception that sharks are largely solitary creatures .
the only specific management regulation that exists for the port jackson shark is the recreational fishing trip catch limit for sharks imposed by western australia ( four of any species ) . no other states have bag or size limits that cover this species . however , site attached species such as the port jackson shark may also benefit from habitat protection and suitably designed and implemented no - take zones , where all forms of harvesting or fishing are excluded . commercial collectors of live specimens for the aquarium trade are normally licensed by state governmental legislation . large commercial aquaria are able to successfully breed the species in captivity , reducing the reliance on wild caught animals . the occurrence of this species close inshore offers refuge from some larger commercial fisheries .
aplacental viviparity ( ovoviviparous ) - in these animals , the eggs hatch and the babies develop inside the female ' s body but there is no placenta to nourish the pups . the pups eat any unfertilized eggs and each other ( they are oviphagous ) . very few pups in a litter survive until birth due to this form of sibling cannibalism . great white sharks , sawsharks , mako , crocodile sharks , cookiecutter sharks , pelagic thresher , greenland shark , gummy shark , soupfin shark , pacific angelshark , pygmy sharks , nurse shark , tiger shark , and sand tiger sharks reproduce this way .
the port jackson sharks has a blunt head and harness - like markings which cross the eyes , run along the back to the first dorsal fin , then cross the side of the body . this pattern makes it very easy to identify the species .
port jackson sharks are oviparous , which means that the female lays eggs . the egg case is a tough , dark brown spiral about 7 cm to 8 cm wide and 15 cm long . it is common to see them washed up on beaches .
unlike most bony fish , shark ' s eggs are fertilized inside the female ' s body . the male shark has
claspers ,
extensions of the pelvic fins that are used to transfer sperm to the female and fertilize her eggs .
food habits this species feeds primarily on echinoderms , crustaceans , molluscs , and some small fish . sea urchins and large gastropod molluscs are noted in almost every study on the diets of port jackson sharks . stomach contents are typically ground up too small for full identification , thus leading researchers to believe port jackson sharks grind their food thoroughly before swallowing . this is also supported with juvenile diets , since it has been noted that juveniles eat more soft - bodied animals , and contain less molar - like teeth .
baby sharks ( called pups ) are born with a full set of teeth and are fully ready to take care of themselves . they quickly swim away , even from their mothers who might eat them . litter size ranges from one or two pups ( for a great white shark ) to over 100 ( for a large blue shark and the whale shark ) .
the port jackson shark is a common inhabitant of the australian continental shelf south of 30°s from byron bay ( new south wales ) to the houtman abrolhos ( western australia ) , including tasmania . records from york sound ( northern western australia ) and moreton bay ( queensland ) are questionable . the only record from new zealand comes from one individual ( last and stevens 2009 ) .
mclaughlin rh , o’gower ak ( 1971 ) life history and underwater studies of a heterodont shark . ecol monogr 41 : 271–289
this species is caught as bycatch in the gillnet , hook and trap sector ( ghat ) of the southern and eastern scalefish and shark fishery ( sessf ) . as it is not retained , information about catches is only available from fisheries - dependent or - independent surveys of shark populations ( e . g . , braccini et al . 2009 ) . the likelihood of capture is affected by mesh selectivity , with the port jackson shark being less susceptible to gillnet mesh sizes of six inches and lower ( walker et al . 2005 ) . the probability of being caught in the ghat has decreased as 7 - and 8 - inch gillnets were phased out in the early 1980s . more recently , the use of 6 . 5 inch gillnets in the ghat is also declining as the region mostly using this gillnet size ( i . e . , south australia ) is frequently affected by temporary spatial closure implemented to reduce bycatch of the australian sea lion . catches of the port jackson shark within the ghat are therefore likely to have reduced compared to the 1970s . although 100 % of the port jackson shark catches are reportedly discarded ( walker et al . 2005 , walker and gason 2007 ) , fishers were known to persecute the species resulting in poor post - release survival rate . this practice is believe to have ceased ( t . walker , pers . comm . , february 2015 ) .
port jackson sharks usually breed in late winter and early spring , when the females wedge the soft spiral shaped egg cases into rock crevices where they remain until the juvenile shark emerges ten to twelve months later . once vacated , the eggs become dislodged and wash up on beaches . crested horn sharks ( heterodontus galeatus ) produce similar - looking egg cases , however these also have long twisted tendrils at the bottom which are often attached to seaweed to keep the egg in place while the young shark develops inside .
: the port jackson shark can grow to be about 5 . 5 feet ( 1 . 7 m ) long , but they are , on average a bit smaller . they are light brown and have dark brown markings on the upper back . these sharks have distinctive bumps over their eyes , a pig - like snout , and a sharp spine in front of each dorsal fin .
izzo , c . , rodda , k . , bolton , t . & svane , i . 2006 . age and growth the port jackson shark ( heterodontus portusjacksoni ) from the spencer gulf of south australia . in prawn fishery by - catch and discards : marine ecosystem analysis - populations effects ( svane , i . , ed . ) : final report on frdc project 2003 / 023 .
so , that shark has a nice bull like head with two horns . well , the shark does not actually look like a bull , but we know there is some resemblance . the horn like things above its eyes is in reality nothing but crests .
grigg gc ( 1970 ) use of the first gill slits for water intake in a shark . j exp biol 52 : 569–574
port jackson shark ( heterodontus portusjacksoni ) * family : heterodontidae , * genus : heterodontus , * species : h . portusjacksoni , * phylum : chordata , * class : chondrichthyes , * subclass : elasmobranchii , * order : heterodontiformes , * type : fish , * diet : carnivore , * avarege lifespan in the wilds : about 25 to 30 years , * size : can grow up to 1 . 67 metres ( 5 . 5 ft ) long . * weight : males about 18 lbs ( 8 . 2 kg ) , females about 26 lbs ( 11 . 8 kg ) , * * heterodontus portusjacksoni , is a nocturnal , oviparous type of bullhead shark of the family heterodontidae , found in the coastal region of southern australia , including the waters off port jackson . more info : urltoken
small sharks like the port jackson serve as both predator and prey , and climate change will very likely affect the food webs they are tied to in dramatic ways . climate change is going to change these little guys’ world inevitably , but hopefully they prove to be adaptable , and humans of the future will still get to observe them in the wild , not just in laboratory and aquarium shark tanks .
port jackson sharks congregate under ledges , and in gutters and caves during late winter to breed . the species is oviparous ( egg - layers ) , and females lay 10 - 16 leathery spiral egg cases , which they wedge into crevices and caves on shallow rocky reefs .
the bay was chosen because it hosts large seasonal mating aggregations of port jackson sharks , a bottom - dwelling species endemic to australia , where both males and females migrate yearly from their foraging ground in southern australia to return to the same reef in jervis bay to breed .
juvenile port jackson sharks have more pointed teeth and feed on a higher proportion of soft - bodied prey than adults . they can feed by sucking in water and sand from the bottom , blowing the sand out of the gill slits , and retaining the food which is swallowed .
port jackson sharks are oviparous . during august and september , females lay 10 to 16 eggs in shallow reefs at depths of 5 to 30 meters . the egg cases are brown , spiraled structures that the females wedge into rock crevices . females will hold an egg case in their mouth and insert it into a safe crevice . females usually use the same breeding sites each year . port jackson sharks have been seen eating their own egg cases , but they have never been seen breeding . the young hatch out of the egg case after 10 to 12 months .
though there is little information about the lifespan of this shark , its late maturity age suggest that it is relatively long - lived .
failing to remove the lure the first time the shark returns to the divers until the artificial fishing bait was cut from its mouth .
the oviparous port jackson sharks are known for their unique spiral - shaped egg cases . every year between july and august , large numbers of males and females gather to mate at the inshore reef areas of new south wales in australia , often congregating in caves and under rocky ledges .
an acoustic tag attached to the fin of each shark sends out a ping each time it comes within about a third of a mile of an underwater receiver , or within about 30 feet of another tagged shark . each ping is time - stamped , meaning it is possible to detect when a particular shark was at a particular location , and whether it came into contact with any other tagged sharks there .
this shark species is oviparous and produces its offspring by laying eggs . they breed once a year starting from august to mid - november .
carlson jk , parsons gr ( 1999 ) seasonal differences in routine oxygen consumption rates of the bonnethead shark . j fish biol 55 : 876–879
- these sharks deposit eggs in the ocean which will hatch later if they are not eaten by predators . the eggs are not guarded by either parent . shark eggs ( sometimes called
mermaid ' s purses
) are covered by a tough , leathery membrane . their shape ranges from pouch - like to screw - shaped ( like the california hornshark and the port jackson shark ) . some eggs ( like those of catsharks ) have tendrils that attach the egg to objects on the sea bed . the egg has a yolk that feeds the embryo , very much like a chicken egg . oviparous sharks include the zebra shark , the catsharks , swellshark , the necklace carpetshark , some epaulette sharks , and the hornshark .
most sharks give birth to live young , but some release eggs that hatch later . the gestation period ( the time the embryo spends inside the female , developing ) can be up to almost two years long ( the spiny dogfish shark may have the longest shark gestation period ) .
port jackson sharks have two dorsal fins with a spine at the tip . these are not venomous and can be very sharp when young , but usually dull with age . the spines can be found washed up on shores and are believed to be the origin for the name of the “horn sharks” .
although the port jackson shark is a large bycatch component of several fisheries across its range , post - release stress studies have shown that the species is very resilient to capture stress from gillnet , trawl , and longline gear ( frick et al . 2009 , frick et al . 2010a , 2010b , braccini et al . 2012 ) , suggesting that this species is likely to have high post - release survival rates from a range of fishing methods .
size , age , and growth sexual maturity for females occurs when the individual is between 27 . 6 - 35 . 4 inches ( 70 90cm ) total length . the size at which 50 % of the population reaches maturity has been reported as 31 . 7 inches ( 80 . 5cm ) in total length for females . captive studies have suggested that the age of female maturity is between 11 and 14 years old . males reach maturity within the size range of 21 . 7 - 27 . 6 inches ( 55 - 70cm ) in total length , with 50 % of the population reportedly reaching maturity between 22 . 9 - 23 . 3 inches ( 58 . 1 - 59 . 3cm ) . based on captive studies , the suggested age of male maturity is 8 - 10 years old . reportedly , port jackson sharks can live more than 30 years . records indicate the largest port jackson shark was 65 inches ( 165cm ) in total length . however , it is uncommon for port jackson sharks to grow more than 53 . 9 inches ( 137cm ) in total length .