chilantaisaurus ( " ch ' i-lan-t ' ai lizard " ) is a genus of neovenatorid theropod dinosaur from the late cretaceous ulansuhai formation of china ( turonian stage , about 92 million years ago ) .

the type species , c. tashuikouensis , was described by hu in 1964 .

chilantaisaurus was a large theropod , estimated as weighing between 2.5 metric tons ( 2.8 short tons ) and 4 metric tons ( 4.4 short tons ) .

in 2010 , brusatte et al. estimated it to weigh 6,000 kilograms ( 13,000 lb ) , based on femur length measurements .

it was 11 m ( 36 ft ) to 13 m ( 43 ft ) long .

chilantaisaurus

in the year 2009 the species chilantaisaurus maortuensis has been reclassified as shaochilong maortuensis .
chilantaisaurus as it appears in you are umasou . note the bull horns on its head
next by thread : re : shaochilong maortuensis :
chilantaisaurus
no more . . .
there were attempts of describing several chilantaisaurus species based on the very poor fossil material that has been acquired .
notes : known from fragmentary remains found in mongolia and china , chilantaisaurus seems to have resembled allosaurus , but it may have been related to the tyrannosaurids as well . chilantaisaurus had large arms for a big theropod .
even in 2012 at least one paleontologist held on to the theory of chilantaisaurus being a fish - eating spinosauroid .
the bones that were assigned to the chilantaisaurus zheziangensis species could in fact be a ‘reaper lizard’ ( therizinosauridae family ) – nanshiungosaurus .
the length of found thighbone , on which the size estimate was made , suggests that the chilantaisaurus was one of the largest known theropods .
several species have been described based on very poor remains .
chilantaisaurus
sibiricus is based on a single distal metatarsal from the turginskaya svita of the buryat autonomous soviet socialist republic , russia , dating to the early cretaceous ( berriasian - hauterivian ) . [ 9 ] [ 10 ] it is poorly described , so its relationships cannot be accurately determined ( chure , 2000 ) and its placement as a species of chilantaisaurus is highly questionable .
chilantaisaurus
maortuensis was reclassified as shaochilong maortuensis in 2009 . [ 8 ]
chilantaisaurus
zheziangensis , based on bones from the foot , [ 11 ] is actually a therizinosaur .
chilantaisaurus sibiricus was described basing solely on the base of a metatarsal bone found in the buryat autonomous soviet socialist republic ( autonomous region in the ussr ) . the bone dates back to late cretaceous , yet its description was erroneous , so the relations of this bone’s owner to the type species ( chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis ) are unclear .
other studies indicate that the chilantaisaurus could belong to stiff tail theropods ( tetanurae clade ) , having at the same time the characteristics of allosauroids , spinosauroids and coelurosars .
the year 2009 brought new doubts as it was hard to eliminate the possibility of chilantaisaurus being in fact another predatory dinosaur – shaochilong , discovered in the same geological formation . luckily it was quickly pointed out that there are substantial size differences between those dinosaurs . hu made sure that his primary assumption was right after further analysis – chilantaisaurus indeed belongs to the allosauroidea superfamily .
chilantaisaurus was a carnivore . it lived in the cretaceous period and inhabited asia . its fossils have been found in places such as zhejiang ( china ) and inner mongolia ( china ) .
several species have been described based on very poor remains . chilantaisaurus ? sibiricus is based on a single distal metatarsal iv from the turginskaya svita of the buryat autonomous soviet socialist republic , russia , dating to the early cretaceous ( berriasian - hauterivian ) . it is poorly described , so its relationships cannot be accurately determined ( chure , 2002 ) .
chilantaisaurus
maortuensis was reclassified as shaochilong maortuensis in 2009 . bones attributed to
chilantaisaurus
zheziangensis may come from a therizinosaur , and may in fact come from the same individual as the type specimen of nanshiungosaurus .
apart from their respective features and characteristics description of deltadromeus and chilantaisaurus is incomplete without they being segregated from each other . what is a better way to differentiate the dinosaurs than classify them on them basis of their character and shape in a scientific way . by comparing deltadromeus and chilantaisaurus classification , we get information about species of deltadromeus and chilantaisaurus and also its kingdom , phylum , class in which they are categorized etc . the former dinosaur is a part of d . agilis species while the later belongs to c . tashuikouensis species . the former belongs to chordata based on its body structure . the family of the concerned dinosaurus is neovenatoridae . it is a member of reptilia class . the clade of the same is dinosauria . it is grouped in saurischia . it is part in deltadromeus , et al . . the later is a member of neovenatoridae family . it is classified in saurischia order . the clade of the same is dinosauria . the class of chilantaisaurus is reptilia . the genus of the same is chilantaisaurus
chilantaisaurus has had a jumbled taxominc history since its initial discovery mainly due to the inclusion of fragmentary remains that were later found to represent other ,  although similar dinosaurs .  one example is chilantaisaurus maortuensis which has been found to represent a carcharodontosaurid theropod and has since been renamed shaochilong .  another current species of chilantaisaurus ,  c .  sibiricus ,  is considered dubious because it is based upon a single fourth metatarsal ( foot bone )  .  if c .  sibricus does indeed represent a chilantaisaurus ,  then the temporal range of the genus would extend down to the berriasian to hauterivian stages of the early cretaceous . the type species of c .  tashuikouensis has also been interpreted in a few different ways .  first described as an allosaurid ,  the heavy claws on its hands were later thought to have made it related or an ancestor to the spinosaurid dinosaurs like baryonyx and suchomimus .  however new dinosaur discoveries have cast doubt upon the trait of large fore claws being exclusive to the spinosaurids .  chilantaisaurus has also been associated with the coelurosaurian dinosaurs that would evolve into the larger theropods towards the end of the cretaceous such as alioramus and tyrannosaurus . a 2009 study of chilantaisaurus remains resulted in the renaming of some of them into the shaochilong genus which is part of the carcharodontosaurid group of dinosaurs .  some palaeontologists were not convinced about the splitting of new material into a new genus ,  but did suggest that if the shaochilong material was of a carharodontosaurid ,  then chilantaisaurus was probably a carcharodontosaurid too .  however this similarity was explained by the team who named shaochilong who also found that chilantaisaurus was actually a member of the neovenatoridae ,  a group that includes others such as neovenator .  not only are neovantaorid dinosaurs are related to the carcharodontosauird dinosaurs ,  but both of these groups are also thought to have a shared lineage back to the allosaurid dinosaurs of the jurassic .  this also partly confirms the original description by hu which declared chilantaisaurus an allosaurid .
chilantaisaurus is very obscure among the general public . however , it appeared in the japanese book you are umasou and its anime adaptation ( namely the second episode ) where it tries to eat the titular baby ankylosaurus ( calling him
delicious
) only to be ward off by the main tyrannosaurus character . chilantaisaurus also appears in the film adaptation of the book , but it is erroneously depicted with bull - shaped horns instead of stubby horns like other carnosaurs . this caused some viewers to think it was a carnotaurus , despite it beared little resemblance to the abelisaurid .
the fossilized chilantaisaurus remains were found 60 km north of the salty chilantai lake in inner mongolia . this theropod was discovered in the 1960s , and the found fossils included : teeth , calf bone , humerus , the first toe bone , hip bone , thighbone and shinbone . however some of the listed bones were lost in the process .
chilantaisaurus pronunciation : key - lan - tye - sawr - us translation : chilantai ( mongolian river ) lizard also known as : description : carnivore , bipedal order : saurischia suborder : theropoda infraorder : tetanurae micro - order : carnosauria family : allosauridae height : 9 feet ( 2 . 7 meters ) length : 20 feet ( 6 . 1 meters ) weight : 8 , 000 lbs ( 3 , 630 kg ) period : late cretaceous
megaraptoridae novas , agnolin , ezcurra , porfiri and canale , 2013 diagnosis - ( megaraptor namunhuaiquii < - fukuiraptor kitadaniensis , chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis , baryonyx walkeri , neovenator salerii , carcharodontosaurus saharicus , allosaurus fragilis , tyrannosaurus rex , passer domesticus ) ( novas et al . , 2013 ) reference - novas , agnolin , ezcurra , porfiri and canale , 2013 . evolution of the carnivorous dinosaurs during the cretaceous : the evidence from patagonia . cretaceous research . 45 , 174 - 215 .
hu considered chilantaisaurus to be a carnosaur related to allosaurus , though some subsequent studies suggested that it may be a spinosauroid , possibly a primitive member of the spinosaurid family ( sereno , 1998 ; chure , 2002 ; rauhut , 2001 ) because it had large claw on the forelimbs thought to be unique to that group . other studies suggested that it could be a member of an alternate offshoot of neotetanuran theropods , with some similarities to allosauroids , spinosauroids , and coelurosaurians . a 2009 study noted that it was difficult to rule out the possibility that chilantaisaurus was the same animal as the carnosaur shaochilong , which is from the same geological formation . however , they did note an enormous size difference between the two . further study by benson , carrano and brusatte found that it was not as closely related to shaochilong as first thought , but that it was a carnosaur ( of the family neovenatoridae ) , closely related to allosaurus as hu had initially thought .
hu considered chilantaisaurus to be a carnosaur related to allosaurus , [ 6 ] though some subsequent studies suggested that it may be a spinosauroid , possibly a primitive member of the spinosaurid family ( sereno , 1998 ; chure , 2000 ; rauhut , 2001 ) because it had large claws on the forelimbs thought to be unique to that group . other studies suggested that it could be a member of an alternate offshoot of neotetanuran theropods , with some similarities to allosauroids , spinosauroids , and coelurosaurians . [ 7 ] a 2009 study noted that it was difficult to rule out the possibility that chilantaisaurus was the same animal as the carnosaur shaochilong , which is from the same geological formation . however , they did note an enormous size difference between the two . [ 8 ] further study by benson , carrano and brusatte found that it was not as closely related to shaochilong as first thought , but that it was a carnosaur ( of the family neovenatoridae ) , closely related to allosaurus as hu had initially thought . [ 1 ]
it was discovered quite recently , in 1964 , however incontestable information about this dinosaur is like for a cure . a reason for that may be the fact that there aren’t many found chilantaisaurus remains . poor fossil material also makes the scientific classification of this theropod unclear , even today . it has been agreed that it belongs to the allosauroidea superfamily , yet it took many years to achieve this conclusion . over these years numerous theories , one more exotic than the other , were created to describe this chinese dinosaur .
chilantaisaurus was a gigantic carnivore belonging to the neovenatorid theropods . it was discovered in the ulansuhai formation in china and lived at the late cretaceous period . this colossus measured up to 13 meters ( 43 feet ) in length , 4 meters ( 13 feet ) tall at thr hip , and a mass of 6 tonnes . though at first confused with shaochilong due to superficial similarities , their size disparity soon cleared this mistake and while they both shared an ancestor to theropods like allosaurus , carcharodontosaurids and neovenatorids are only very distantly related .
this dinosaur’s history was utterly complicated from the moment it was discovered . the reason for this was mainly poor fossil material , which made establishing trustworthy vital facts impossible . this theropod’s discoverer , hu show - yung claimed the specimen is to be classified as an allosaurus ( carnosauria clade to be exact ) . however some of the later studies suggest that the chilantaisaurus could be a spinosauridae – argumentation of such a theory points out the large claws at the forelimbs , which are typically considered spinosauroids’ defining characteristic ( they are often called megalosauroids ) , including baryonyx and suchomimus .
name : chilantaisaurus  ( chilantai lizard )  . phonetic : chi - lan - tay - sore - us . named by : hu  -  1964 . classification : chordata ,  reptilia ,  dinosauria ,  saurischia ,  theropoda ,  allosauroidea ,  neovenatoridae . species : c .  tashuikouensis ( type )  .  c .  sibiricus . diet : carnivore . size : estimated 2 . 5 meters long . known locations : china ,  inner mongolia  -  ulansuhai formation . time period : turonian of the cretaceous . fossil representation : sets of partial remains .
comparison of metatarsals in distal view ( some reversed ; scaled to equal depth ) . top row , left to right - right metatarsal iv ( medial to right ) of chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis ( after hu , 1964 ) , allosaurus fragilis ( after madsen , 1976 ) and ceratosaurus ( after gilmore , 1920 ) . middle row , left to right - left metatarsal ii ( medial to left ) of chilantaisaurus tashiukouensis ( after benson and xu , 2008 ) , allosaurus fragilis ( after madsen , 1976 ) , megaraptor ( after lamanna , 2004 ) ,
allosaurus
sibiricus ( after riabinin , 1915 ) , australovenator ( after hocknull et al . , 2009 ) , neovenator ( after brusatte et al . , 2008 ) , torvosaurus ( after britt , 1991 ) and alxasaurus ( after russell and dong , 1994 ) . bottom row , left to right - left metatarsal ii ( medial to left ) of ceratosaurus ( after gilmore , 1920 ) , rajasaurus ( after wilson et al . , 2003 ) , megalosaurus ( after benson et al . , 2010 ) , sinraptor ( after churrie and zhao , 1994 ) , acrocanthosaurus ( after harris , 1998 ) , fukuiraptor ( after azuma and currie , 2000 ) , appalachiosaurus ( after carr et al . , 2005 ) and harpymimus ( after kobayashi , 2004 ) .
non - avian theropod dinosaurs attained large body sizes , monopolising terrestrial apex predator niches in the jurassic - cretaceous . from the middle jurassic onwards , allosauroidea and megalosauroidea comprised almost all large - bodied predators for 85 million years . despite their enormous success , however , they are usually considered absent from terminal cretaceous ecosystems , replaced by tyrannosaurids and abelisaurids . we demonstrate that the problematic allosauroids aerosteon , australovenator , fukuiraptor and neovenator form a previously unrecognised but ecologically diverse and globally distributed clade ( neovenatoridae , new clade ) with the hitherto enigmatic theropods chilantaisaurus , megaraptor and the maastrichtian orkoraptor . this refutes the notion that allosauroid extinction pre - dated the end of the mesozoic . neovenatoridae includes a derived group ( megaraptora , new clade ) that developed long , raptorial forelimbs , cursorial hind limbs , appendicular pneumaticity and small size , features acquired convergently in bird - line theropods . neovenatorids thus occupied a 14 - fold adult size range from 175 kg ( fukuiraptor ) to approximately 2 , 500 kg ( chilantaisaurus ) . recognition of this major allosauroid radiation has implications for gondwanan paleobiogeography : the distribution of early cretaceous allosauroids does not strongly support the vicariant hypothesis of southern dinosaur evolution or any particular continental breakup sequence or dispersal scenario . instead , clades were nearly cosmopolitan in their early history , and later distributions are explained by sampling failure or local extinction .
a taxonomic footnote : dan chure proposed a new name for this critter in his dissertation and the long - in - limbo monograph . i was glad to see that he is on this paper , as i would hate to have seen him scooped . the name he proposed was quite different ( it floats around here and there on the internet ) , and is thus now potentially available for a different dinosaur . another taxonomic footnote : the authors do point out in the supplementary data that there does exist a chance that shaochilong may wind up synonymous with chilantaisaurus . additional footnote : with the possible ceratopsid ( and certainly ceratopsoid ) turanoceratops in coeval deposits in uzbekistan , there now exists a possibility that would have seemed unreasonable just a few years ago : an allosaur fighting a horned dinosaur in asia . go figure . . . congrats to the whole team ! - - thomas r . holtz , jr . email : tholtz @ urltoken phone : 301 - 405 - 4084 office : centreville 1216 senior lecturer , vertebrate paleontology dept . of geology , university of maryland
undescribed possible coelurosaur ( seeley , 1887 ) barremian , early cretaceous upper weald clay formation of the weald clay group , england material - incomplete pubis ( seeley , 1887 ) comments - seeley ( 1887 ) mentions a
pubis , imperfect distally , of a type very similar to coelurus , from tilgate
when discussing aristosuchus , though the specimen has not been located since . reference - seeley , 1887 . on aristosuchus pusillus owen , being further notes on the fossils described by sir r . owen as poikilopleuron pusillus . owen . quarterly journal of the geological society of london . 43 , 221 - 228 .
unnamed coelurosauria ( ostrom , 1970 ) late aptian , early cretaceous cloverly formation , montana , wyoming , us material - ( amnh coll . ) pedal phalangeal fragment ( ypm 5174 ) incomplete metatarsal ii ( ypm 5284 ) incomplete metatarsal iv ( ypm 5286 ) incomplete pedal ungual ( ~ 35 mm ) comments - ostrom ( 1970 ) referred these to ornithomimus sp . based on being supposedly virtually indistinguishable from o . velox , though he did note the ungual was not identical to ornithomimids ' . however , holtz ( 1992 ) noted the metatarsals were more robust than ornithomimids ' , that there are no facets or buttresses for a wedge - shaped metatarsal iii , and that metatarsal ii resembled allosaurus and ornitholestes posteriorly more than it does ornithomimids . indeed , judging by ostrom ' s figure , metatarsal ii differs from ornithomimus in having a less ventrally oriented medial condyle and more proximally placed ventral convexity , while metatarsal iv lacks the marked posterior buttress and has more transversely expanded condyles . the pedal ungual has a more developed posterodorsal process , more obvious side grooves , and less developed side flanges . it resembles dromiceiomimus in these characters except for the side flange development . even basal ornithomimosaurs like harpymimus , garudimimus and beishanlong seem more like ornithomimids in having distally placed ventral convexity on metatarsal ii and less expanded distal condyles on metatarsal iv , so the metatarsals may be from a taxon like nedcolbertia , microvenator or another coelurosaur . the ungual does resemble those of ornithomimids , but not those of basal ornithomimosaurs . the specimens did not belong to the same individuals , and may be from different taxa as well . references - ostrom , 1970 . stratigraphy and paleontology of the cloverly formation ( lower cretaceous ) of the bighorn basin area , wyoming and montana . peabody mus . nat . hist . , yale univ . , bull . 35 , 234 pp . holtz , 1992 . an unusual structure of the metatarsus of theropoda ( archosauria : dinosauria : saurischia ) of the cretaceous . phd thesis , yale university . 347 pp .
possible coelurosauria ( jurcsak , 1982 ) berriasian - hauterivian , early cretaceous bauxite of cornet , romania material - ( mtco 16499 ) cervical vertebra ( mtco 17245 ) caudal centrum comments - these were assigned to aristosuchus sp . by jurcsak ( 19820 and jucsak and popa ( 1983 ) . they may not belong to the same taxon , and the relationship of either with aristosuchus is uncertain . references - jurcsak , 1982 . occurrences nouvelles des sauriens mesozoiques de roumanie . vertebrata hungarica . 21 , 175 - 184 . jurcsak and popa , 1983 . la faune de dinosauriens du bihor ( roumanie ) . in buffetaut , mazin and salmon ( eds . ) . actes du symposium paleontologique georges cuvier . 325 - 335 .
unnamed possible coelurosaur ( marshall , 1989 ) maastrichtian , late cretaceous el molino formation , bolivia material - ( mhnc 3702 ) incomplete tooth ( ~ 18 mm ) comments - marshall ( 1989 ) referred this to coelurosauria based on its small size , but based on the completely serrated carinae and absence of wrinkles , it may be a juvenile abelisaur instead . reference - marshall , 1989 . el primer diente de dinosaurio en bolivia . revista técnica de yacimientos petrolíferos fiscales bolivia . 10 ( 3 - 4 ) , 129 - 130 .
undescribed coelurosauria ( metcalf and walker , 1994 ) early bathonian , middle jurassic chipping norton formation , england material - ( glrcm coll . ; b ) tooth ( 2 . 3 mm ; fabl 2 . 6 mm ) ( glrcm coll . ; g ) tooth ( 1 . 9 mm ; fabl 1 . 7 mm ) comments - these two teeth were labeled as
dromaeosaur - like
by metcalf and walker ( 1994 ) . teeth b and g in their figure 18 . 7 exhibit similar morphology , so may belong to the same taxon . mesial serrations are present apically , while the crowns are short and slightly recurved . b and g have dsdis of 1 . 17 and 1 . 4 respectively . serrations are fairly flat and not hooked apically , but are taller than wide on the distal carina . serration density is 5 - 6 / mm on b , and 12 / mm on g . g may have a constricted base , though blood grooves are not apparent on either specimen . they resemble those referred to posterior teeth of cf . compsognathus sp . by zinke ( 1998 ) except that b has a slightly lower serration count . references - metcalf and walker , 1994 . a new bathonian microvertebrate locality in the english midlands . in fraser and sues ( eds . ) . in the shadow of the dinosaurs - mesozoic small tetrapods , cambridge ( cambridge university press ) . 322 - 332 . zinke , 1998 . small theropod teeth from the upper jurassic coal mine of guimarota ( portugal ) . palaontologische zeitschrift . 72 ( 1 / 2 ) 179 - 189 .
unnamed coelurosauria ( rich and vickers - rich , 1994 ) early albian , early cretaceous eumeralla formation of the otway group , victoria , australia material - ( nmv 180880 ) incomplete pubis ( benson , rich , vickers - rich and hall , 2012 ) ( nmv p186343 ) ( small ) tooth ( rich and vickers - rich , 1994 ) ( nmv p230845 ) incomplete femur ( benson , rich , vickers - rich and hall , 2012 ) comments - nmv p186343 was mentioned by rich and vickers - rich ( 1994 ) as a theropod tooth . currie et al . ( 1996 ) believed it was dromaeosaurid - like . it is possibly the specimen photographed on pigdon ' s website , which is highly recurved , with only distal serrations ( 2 . 5 - 3 / mm ) . besides basal dromaeosaurids , this is known in many other coelurosaurs ( e . g . orkoraptor , compsognathids , most troodontids ) . references - rich and vickers - rich , 1994 . dig at dinosaur cove 1993 . excavation report . dinosaur cove 1993 - 1994 & inverloch 1994 . 1 - 8 . currie , vickers - rich and rich , 1996 . possible oviraptorosaur ( theropoda , dinosauria ) specimens from the early cretaceous otway group of dinosaur cove , australia . alcheringa . 20 ( 1 - 2 ) , 73 - 79 . rich and vickers - rich , 1997 . future directions for dinosaur research in australia . in wolberg , stump and rosenberg ( eds ) . dinofest international , proceedings of a symposium sponsered by arizona state university . a publication of the academy of natural sciences . 275 - 277 . long , 1998 . dinosaurs of australia and new zealand and other animals of the mesozoic era . harvard university press . 192 pp . urltoken benson , rich , vickers - rich and hall , 2012 . theropod fauna from southern australia indicates high polar diversity and climate - driven dinosaur provinciality . plos one . 7 ( 5 ) , e37122 .
undescribed coelurosaur ( kirkland , lucas and estep , 1998 ) early albian , early cretaceous ruby ranch member of cedar mountain formation , utah , us material - tibia comments - kirkland et al . ( 1998 ) list coelurosauridae new genus and species under the middle cedar mountain formation , which includes the ruby ranch and poison strip members . coelurosauridae is a misspelling of coelurosauria . kirkland ( online ) stated the tibia of a small theropod is known , which is presumably the same record . reference - kirkland , lucas and estep , 1998 . cretaceous dinosaurs of the colorado plateau . in lucas , kirkland and estep ( eds . ) . lower and middle cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems . new mexico museum of natural history and science bulletin . 14 , 79 - 89 . kirkland , online . urltoken
unnamed probable coelurosaur ( molnar , 1999 ) albian , early cretaceous griman creek formation , new south wales , australia material - ( am f103591 ) ( juvenile ) partial dorsal centrum comments - molnar ( 1999 ) found this most closely resembles
ichthyornis
minusculus , an enantiornithine . this was based on the d - shaped articular surface , which differs from ichthyornis ' circular surface . however , taxa such as confuciusornis and microraptor also have d - shaped articulations , as do some of microvenator ' s centra . unfortunately , the distribution is hard to establish since small theropods generally don ' t preserve dorsal centra in anterior or posterior view . the small size ( centrum height 5 . 9 mm ) probably constrains it to coelurosauria , even though it is a juvenile . reference - molnar , 1999 . avian tibiotarsi from the early cretaceous of lightning ridge , n . s . w . in tomida , rich and rich ( eds ) . proceedings of the second gondwanan dinosaur symposium , national sciences museum monographs . 15 , 197 - 209 .
unnamed possible coelurosauria ( barco and ruiz - omeñaca 2001 ) tithonian - berriasian , late jurassic - early cretaceous villar del arzobispo formation , spain material - ( lc - 1 ) partial tooth ( ? x15 . 1x10 . 2 mm ) ( suñer , santisteban and galobart , 2005 ) ( mpz01 / 98 ) partial tooth ( barco and ruiz - omeñaca 2001 ) reference s - barco and ruiz - omeñaca , 2001 . primeros dientes de terópodos ( dinosauria , saurischia ) en la formación villar del arzobispo ( titónico - berriasiense ) : yacimientos cuesta lonsal y las cerradicas 2 ( galve , teruel ) . publicaciones del seminario de paleontología de zaragoza . 5 , 239 - 246 . suñer , santisteban and galobart , 2005 . nuevos restos de theropoda del jurásico superior - cretácico inferior de la comarca de los serranos ( valencia ) . revista española de paleontologia . n . extra x , 93 - 99 .
unnamed possible coelurosaur ( clark , 2005 ) late bajocian - early bathonian , middle jurassic vlatos sandstone formation , scotland material - ( glahm 101240 ) ( ~ 2 m ) incomplete mid caudal vertebra ( 31 mm ) comments - while it was originally referred to coelophysoidea ( clark , 2005 ) , brusatte and clark ( 2015 ) found the vertebra is most similar to basal coelurosaurs . references - clark , 2005 . tracking dinosaurs in scotland . open university geological society journal . 26 , 30 - 35 . brusatte and clark , 2015 . theropod dinosaurs from the middle jurassic ( bajocian - bathonian ) of skye , scotland . scottish journal of geology . 51 ( 2 ) , 157 - 164 .
unnamed coelurosauria ( knoll and ruiz - omenaca , 2005 ) beriassian , early cretaceous ksar metlili formation , morocco material - ( mnhn sa 2004 / 1 ; morphotype i ) tooth ( ? x8 . 2x4 mm ) ( mnhn sa 2004 / 3c ; morphotype i ) tooth ( 2 . 8x1 . 8x . 7 mm ) ( mnhn sa 2004 / 3e ; morphotype i ) tooth ( 3 . 4x1 . 9x . 8 mm ) ( mnhn sa 2004 / 3f ; morphotype i ) tooth ( ? x ? x . 6 mm ) ( mnhn sa 2004 / 4b ; morphotype i ) tooth ( 1 . 5x1 . 1x . 4 mm ) ( mnhn sa 2004 / 4d ; morphotype i ) tooth ( 2 . 3x1 . 5x . 9 mm ) ( mnhn sa 2004 / 4e ; morphotype iii ) tooth ( ? x1 . 6x . 7 mm ) ( mnhn sa 2004 / 5a ; morphotype ii ) tooth ( ? x2 . 6x1 . 3 mm ) ( mnhn sa mcm 153 ; morphotype i ) partial tooth ( ? x1 . 9x1 mm ) ( mnhn sa mcm 162 ; morphotype i ) tooth ( 1 . 5x1 . 2x . 5 mm ) ( mnhn sa mcm 166 ; morphotype i ) tooth ( 1 . 5x ? x . 6 mm ) comments - these are referred to maniraptora by knoll and ruiz - omenaca ( 2009 ) as they lack mesial serrations . however , these are also absent in several other coelurosaurs ( e . g . orkoraptor , sinocalliopteryx ) . reference - knoll and ruiz - omenaca , 2005 . theropod teeth from the berriasian of anoual ( morocco ) . journal of vertebrate paleontology . 25 ( 3 ) , 78a . knoll and ruiz - omenaca , 2009 . theropod teeth from the basalmost cretaceous of anoual ( morocco ) and their palaeobiogeographical significance . geological magazine . 146 ( 4 ) , 602 - 616 .
undescribed coelurosaur ( gasulla , ortega , escaso and sanz , 2006 ) early aptian , early cretaceous arcillas de morella formation , spain material - ( cmp - 3 - 743 ) distal tibia reference - gasulla , ortega , escaso and sanz , 2006 . diversidad de terópodos del cretácico inferior ( fm . arcillas de morella , aptiense ) en los yacimientos del mas de la parreta ( morella , castellón ) . in fernández - martínez ( ed . ) . xxii jornadas de paleontología de la sociedad española de paleontología . libro de resúmenes , 124 - 125 .
unnamed coelurosaur ( canudo , filippi , salgado , garrido , cerda , garcia and otero , 2009 ) late coniacian - early santonian , late cretaceous plottier formation of the rio neuquen subgroup , neuquen , argentina material - ( mau - pv - ph - 447 / 1 ) tooth ( ~ 23 . 3 mm ) ( mau - pv - ph - 447 / 3 ) tooth ( 21 . 2 mm ) ( mau - pv - ph - 447 / 5 ) tooth ( 19 . 6 mm ) ( mau - pv - ph - 447 / 8 ) tooth ( 14 . 14 mm ) ( mau - pv - ph - 462 ) tooth comments - canudo et al . ( 2009 ) referred these to maniraptora based on the absence of mesial serrations , but this is known for several more basal theropods too . reference - canudo , filippi , salgado , garrido , cerda , garcia and otero , 2009 . theropod teeth associated with a sauropod carcass in the upper cretaceous ( plottier formation ) of rincón de los sauces . actas de las iv jornadas internacionales sobre paleontología de dinosaurios y su entorno . 321 - 330 .
undescribed coelurosaur ( austen , brockhurst and honeysett , 2010 ) valanginian , early cretaceous wadhurst clay of the hastings group , england material - ( bexhm : 2010 . 3 ) cervical centrum comments - austen et al . ( 2010 ) compared this to ornithodesmus , but naish and sweetman ( 2011 ) correctly noted they do not share comparable elements . references - austen , brockhurst and honeysett , 2010 . vertebrate fauna from ashdown brickworks , bexhill , east sussex . wealden news . 8 , 13 - 23 . naish and sweetman , 2011 . a tiny maniraptoran dinosaur in the lower cretaceous hastings group : evidence from a new vertebrate - bearing locality in southeast england . cretaceous research . 32 ( 4 ) , 464 - 471 .
undescribed coelurosaur ( torices , barroso - barcenilla , cambra - moo , perez and serrano , 2011 ) late campanian - early maastrichtian , late cretaceous villalba de la sierra formation , spain material - ungual comments - torices et al . ( 2011 ) mention coelurosauridae indet . . reference - torices , barroso - barcenilla , cambra - moo , perez and serrano , 2011 . vertebrate microfossil analysis in the palaeontological site of ' lo hueco ' ( upper cretaceous , cuenca , spain ) . journal of vertebrate paleontology . program and abstracts 2011 , 205 .
unnamed coelurosaur ( azevedo , simbras , furtado , candeiro and bergqvist , 2012 ) campanian - maastrichtian , late cretaceous presidente prudente formation , brazil material - ( ufrj - dg 390 - r ) proximal fibula reference - azevedo , simbras , furtado , candeiro and bergqvist , 2012 . first brazilian carcharodontosaurid and other new theropod dinosaur fossils from the campanian - maastrichtian presidente prudente formation , são paulo state , southeastern brazil . cretaceous research . 40 , 131 - 142 .
unnamed possible coelurosaur ( lanser and heimhofer , 2015 ) late barremian - early aptian , early cretaceous balve - beckum quarry , germany material - ( lwl mn ba 14 ) anterior tooth ( 12 . 7x5 . 5x4 . 6 mm ) reference - lanser and heimhofer , 2015 . evidence of theropod dinosaurs from a lower cretaceous karst filling in the northern sauerland ( rhenish massif , germany ) . paläontologische zeitschrift . 89 ( 1 ) , 79 - 94 .
unnamed megaraptoran ( huene , 1929 ) mid cenomanian - turonian , late cretaceous lower bajo barreal formation , chubut , argentina material - ( ameghino coll . ) distal caudal centrum ( 115 mm ) comments - huene ( 1929 ) assigned this to an otherwise unknown group of theropods , derived in having caudal pleurocoels . mendez et al . ( 2012 ) noted strong resemblences to their new brazilian megaraptoran caudal mpma 08 - 003 - 94 , showing huene was correct . references - huene , 1929 . los saurisquios y ornitisquios del cretáceo argentino . anales del museo de la plata ( serie 2 ) . 3 , 1 - 194 . mendez , novas and iori , 2012 . first record of megaraptora ( theropoda , neovenatoridae ) from brazil . comptes rendus palevol . 11 , 251 - 256 .
undescribed megaraptora ( porfiri , calvo , juárez valieri and santos , 2008 ) santonian , late cretaceous bajo de la carpa formation rio colorado subgroup , neuquen , argentina material - ( mau - pv - li - 548 ) two vertebrae ( mendez , filippi and garrido , 2015 ) ? ( mucpv - 1162 ) ( ~ 8 m ) seven dorsal vertebrae , partial ribs , five sacral vertebrae , incomplete ilium , incomplete ? ischium ( porfiri , calvo , juárez valieri and santos , 2008 ) comments - porfiri et al . ( 2008 ) announced mucpv - 1162 as a tetanurine ,
possibly an allosauroid related to the carcharodontosauridae .
novas et al . ( 2013 ) suggested it may be megaraptoran based on the
complex pneumatic dorsal and sacral vertebrae with tall neural spines inclined forward .
references - porfiri , calvo , juárez valieri and santos , 2008 . a new large theropod dinosaur from the bajo de la carpa formation ( late cretaceous ) of neuquén , patagonia . iii congreso latinoamericano de paleontología de vertebrados . r202 . novas , agnolin , ezcurra , porfiri and canale , 2013 . evolution of the carnivorous dinosaurs during the cretaceous : the evidence from patagonia . cretaceous research . 45 , 174 - 215 . mendez , filippi and garrido , 2015 . nuevos hallazgos de dinosaurios teropodos provenientes del sitto la invernada ( formacion fajo de la carpa ) , rincon de los sauces , neuquen . xxix jornadas argentinas de paleontología de vertebrados , resumenes . ameghiniana . 52 ( 4 ) suplemento , 28 - 29 .
unnamed megaraptora ( benson , rich , vickers - rich and hall , 2012 ) early aptian , early cretaceous wonthoggi formation of the strzelecki group , victoria , australia material - ( nmv p186153 ) ( ~ 8 - 9 m ) partial manual ungual ? i ( nmv p208096 ) mid caudal centrum ( 36 mm ) reference - benson , rich , vickers - rich and hall , 2012 . theropod fauna from southern australia indicates high polar diversity and climate - driven dinosaur provinciality . plos one . 7 ( 5 ) , e37122 .
unnamed megaraptoran ( mendez , novas and iori , 2012 ) maastrichtian , late cretaceous sao jose do rio preto formation , brazil material - ( mpma 08 - 003 - 94 ) distal caudal centrum ( 118 mm ) reference - mendez , novas and iori , 2012 . first record of megaraptora ( theropoda , neovenatoridae ) from brazil . comptes rendus palevol . 11 , 251 - 256 .
unnamed possible neovenatorid ( krumenacker and scofield , 2015 ) late albian - cenomanian , early - late cretaceous wayan formation , idaho , us material - ( imnh 2251 / 49872 ) ( juvenile ) anterior dorsal centrum ( 49 . 9 m ) reference - krumenacker , simon , scofield and varricchio , 2016 . theropod dinosaurs from the albian - cenomanian wayan formation of eastern idaho . historical biology . doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2015 . 1137913
undescribed megaraptoridae ( casal , ibiricu , martinez , luna , gonzalez svoboda and ivany , 2015 ) coniacian - maastrichtian , late cretaceous lago colhue huapi formation , chubut , argentina reference - casal , ibiricu , martinez , luna , gonzalez svoboda and ivany , 2015 . el registro fosil de la formacion lago colhue huapi ( coniaciano - maastrichtiano ) , grupo chubut , argentina . xxix jornadas argentinas de paleontología de vertebrados , resumenes . ameghiniana . 52 ( 4 ) suplemento , 10 - 11 .
tyrannoraptora sereno , 1999 definition - ( tyrannosaurus rex + passer domesticus ) ( holtz et al . , 2004 ; modified from sereno , 1999 )
arkansaurus
sattler , 1983
a . fridayi
braden , 1998 aptian - albian , early cretaceous trinity group , arkansas , us material - ( uam 74 - 16 ) metatarsal ii ( 350 mm ) , phalanx ii - 1 ( 105 mm ) , phalanx ii - 2 ( 70 mm ) , metatarsal iii ( 393 mm ) , phalanx iii - 1 ( 84 mm ) , phalanx iii - 2 ( 70 mm ) , metatarsal iv ( 355 mm ) , phalanx iv - 1 ( 60 mm ) , three partial pedal unguals comments - a partial dorsal vertebra , caudal vertebra , scapular fragment and femoral fragment are also known from the trinity group , but were not associated with the specimen . references - quinn , 1973 . arkansas dinosaur . geological society of america abstracts with program . 5 , 276 - 277 . sattler , 1983 . the illustrated dinosaur dictionary . new york : lothrop , lee , and shepard books . braden , 1998 . the arkansas dinosaur
arkansaurus fridayi
. arkansas geological commission . kirkland , britt , whittle , madsen and burge , 1998 . a small coelurosaurian theropod from the yellow cat member of the cedar mountain formation ( lower cretaceous , barremian ) of eastern utah . in lucas , kirkland and estep ( eds . ) . lower and middle cretaceous ecosystems . new mexico museum of natural history and science bulletin . 14 , 239 - 248 . hunt , 2002 . an early cretaceous theropod foot from southwestern arkansas as a possible track maker in central texas and southwestern utah . journal of vertebrate paleontology . 22 ( 3 ) , 68a . hunt , 2003 . an early cretaceous theropod foot from southwestern arkansas . proceedings journal of the 2003 arkansas undergraduate research conference . 87 - 103 .
unnamed possible coelurosaur ( naish , 2000 ) berriasian - valanginian , early cretaceous hastings beds , england material - ( bmnh r36539 ) distal femur comments - naish ( 2000 ) referred to this femur as cf . nedcolbertia , but later merely to tetanurae indet . . references - naish , 2000 . a small , unusual theropod ( dinosauria ) femur from the wealden group ( lower cretaceous ) of the isle of wight , england . neues jahrbuch für geologie und paläontologie monatshefte . 2000 , 217 - 234 . naish , 2011 . theropod dinosaurs . in batten ( ed . ) . english wealden fossils . the palaeontological association . 526 - 559 .
tonouchisaurus
anonymous ? , 1994
t . mongoliensis
anonymous ? , 1994 hauterivian - barremian , early cretaceous shinekhudag formation , mongolia material - ( ~ 1 m ) humerus , radius , ulna , manus , femur , tibia , metatarsus , pedal phalanges comments - this specimen was originally announced in a japanese newspaper article in 1994 ( endo , dml 1994 ) , and was found by the joint japan - mongolia paleontological expedition in huren - duh . holtz ( dml , 1994 ) stated from his examination of the article and news footage it appeared to be a coelurosaur with a didactyl manus and a non - arctometatarsalian metatarsus ( if it was in anterior view , which is uncertain ) . olshevsky ( dml , 1995 ) reported that barsbold ( pers . comm . , 1995 ) stated the taxon is a basal tyrannosauroid with didactyl manus and non - arctometatarsalian pes , confirming holtz ' s interpretations . he also reported barsbold said the description was in press , though it has yet to appear two decades later . both holtz and olshevsky have suggested the specimen may be a juvenile , due to its small size . barsbold ( pers . comm . , 2001 ) stated the manus is actually tridactyl , while the metatarsus is
almost not pinched
, similar to basal coelurosaurs , and unlike ornithomimosaurs , oviraptorids and dromaeosaurids . while it may still be a tyrannosauroid , the lack of a didactyl manus removes the only known reason for this assignment , though it should be noted basal tyrannosauroids ( e . g . dilong , guanlong ) have tridactyl manus and closely resemble compsognathid / coelurid grade coelurosaurs morphologically , including in pedal anatomy . references - anonymous ? , 1994 . japanese newspaper article . endo , dml 1994 . urltoken holtz , dml 1994 . urltoken olshevsky , dml 1995 . urltoken
undescribed coelurosauria ( osborn , 1916 ) late maastrichtian , late cretaceous hell creek formation , montana , us material - ( amnh 974 ) teeth , phalanges ( amnh 5014 ) twelve caudal vertebrae ( amnh 5015 ) phalanx iii - 2 , phalanx iii - 3 ( amnh 5019 ; lost ) manual ungual comments - osborn ( 1916 ) questionably referred this material to ornithomimus velox , but russell ( 1972 ) noted none contained ornithomimid material . they may belong to other coelurosaurs instead . references - osborn , 1916 . skeletal adaptation of ornitholestes , struthiomimus , tyrannosaurus . bulletin of the american museum of natural history . 35 , 733 - 771 . russell , 1972 . ostrich dinosaurs from the late cretaceous of western canada . canadian journal of earth sciences . 9 , 375 - 402 .
unnamed tyrannoraptoran ( hu , 1963 ) late valanginian - early albian , early cretaceous jehol group , liaoning , china material - ( ivpp v2757 ) partial cervical vertebra ( 35 mm ) comments - assigned to ? coeluridae indet . by hu ( 1963 ) , this is probably a tyrannoraptoran due to its amphicoelous and elongate ( ~ 1 . 8 longer than tall ) centrum . it has a ventral keel . reference - hu , 1963 . [ the carnivorous dinosaurian remains from fusin , liaoning ] . vertebrata palasiatica . 7 , 174 - 176 .
unnamed probable tyrannoraptoran ( langston , 1974 ) early albian , early cretaceous paluxy formation of the trinity group , texas , us material - ( smu 62723 ) manual ungual comments - this was discovered with the astrophocaudia holotype . langston ( 1974 ) illustrated it and referred the ungual to ornithomimidae , correctly distinguishing it from microvenator and deinonychus . the slender shape , low curvature and proximally placed flexor tubercle seem most similar to caenagnathids . references - langston , 1974 . nonmammalian comanchean tetrapods . geoscience and man . 8 , 77 - 102 .
unnamed probable tyrannoraptora ( gallup , 1975 ) aptian - middle albian , early cretaceous trinity group , texas material - ( fmnh pr 975 ) femur ( 365 mm ) ( fmnh 2 - 51 # 1 ) seven teeth ( 4 . 4 , 4 . 7 , 6 , 6 . 5 , 7 , 7 . 7 , 8 mm ) , seven tooth fragments ( mm ) ( fmnh 3 - 51 # 1 ) two teeth ( 9 . 5 , 12 mm ) ( fmnh 11s - 52 # 1 ) juvenile premaxillary tooth ( 2 mm ) , two lateral teeth ( 5 , 10 . 6 mm ) ( fmnh 47 - 50 ) tooth ( 7 . 3 mm ) ( fmnh 202 - 50 ) tooth ( 8 . 9 mm ) ( fmnh turtle gully ) two teeth ( 2 , 11 mm ) , pedal phalanx iv - 3 ( 12 mm ) , ungual ? iv ( 25 mm ) comments - the teeth were referred to coeluridae by gallup ( 1975 ) , are recurved and have 29 - 50 serrations per 5 mm distally and an equal number mesially when present . the femur was referred to ornithomimus sp . , but resembles nedcolbertia in anteroposterior aspect and robusticity . similarly , the pedal phalanx and ungual were referred to ornithomimus sp . but probably belong to more babal coelurosaurs instead . reference - gallup , 1975 . lower cretaceous dinosaurs and associated vertebrates from north - central texas in the field museum of natural history . ms thesis , university of texas at austin . 159 pp .
unnamed coelurosaur ( hunt and lucas , 2006 ) kimmeridgian - tithonian morrison formation , new mexico , us material - ( nmmnh p - 26093 ) femur ( 388 mm ) , tibial fragments comments - hunt and lucas ( 2006 ) referred this to coeluridae indet . , citing similarity to tanycolagreus . reference - hunt and lucas , 2006 . a small theropod dinosaur from the upper jurassic of eastern new mexico with a checklist of small theropods from the morrison formation of western north america . new mexico museum of natural history and science bulletin . 36 , 115 - 118 .
undescribed coelurosauria ( fanti and miyashita , 2009 ) late campanian , late cretaceous wapiti formation , alberta , canada material - ( ualvp 52986 ) tooth ( fanti , currie and burns , 2015 ) ( ualvp 52594 ) tooth ( fanti , currie and burns , 2015 ) ( small ) ungual ( fanti and miyashita , 2009 ) references - fanti and miyashita , 2009 . a high latitude vertebrate fossil assemblage from the late cretaceous of west - central alberta , canada : evidence for dinosaur nesting and vertebrate latitudinal gradient . palaeogeography , palaeoclimatology , palaeoecology . 275 , 37 - 53 . fanti , currie and burns , 2015 . taphonomy , age , and paleoecological implication of a new pachyrhinosaurus ( dinosauria : ceratopsidae ) bonebed from the upper cretaceous ( campanian ) wapiti formation of alberta , canada . canadian journal of earth sciences . 52 ( 4 ) , 250 - 260 .
undescribed coelurosauria ( eberth and currie , 2010 ) early maastrichtian , late cretaceous horseshoe canyon formation , alberta , canada material - ( rtmp 2000 . 45 . 48 ) vomer ( rtmp or ualvp coll . ) ( unassociated ) three teeth , tibia , two metatarsals , phalanx , two unguals references - eberth and currie , 2010 . stratigraphy , sedimentology , and taphonomy of the albertosaurus bonebed ( upper horseshoe canyon formation ; maastrichtian ) , southern alberta , canada . canadian journal of earth sciences . 47 ( 9 ) , 1119 - 1143 .
undescribed coelurosaur ( button , zanno and makovicky , 2014 ) cenomanian , late cretaceous mussentuchit member of the cedar mountain formation , utah , us material - partial femoral shaft , incomplete tibia , incomplete metatarsal iv , phalanx iv - 2 , phalanx iv - 4 comments - button et al . ( 2014 ) describe a coelurosaurian hindlimb discovered in 2012 which is arctometatarsalian and gracile . they state
metatarsal iv most resembles coelurus ( ypm 2010 ) from the upper jurassic morrison formation in general proportion , mediolateral compression of the distal aspect , and near absence of a lateral collateral ligament pit , yet is unique in possessing an obliquely oriented groove marking the extensor surface and a dorsally bulbous distal condyle .
coelurus is generally found to be surrounded by nonarctometatarsalian taxa though , which could indicate this mussentuchit taxon shows some coelurids convergently evolved an arctometatarsus , or that similarities to coelurus are homoplasious and the new taxon belongs to an arctometatarsalian clade . reference - button , zanno and makovicky , 2014 . new coelurosaurian theropod remains from the upper cretaceous mussentuchit member of the cedar mountain formation , central utah . journal of vertebrate paleontology . program and abstracts 2014 , 101 .
unnamed coelurosauria ( williamson and brusatte , 2014 ) late campanian , late cretaceous fossil forest member of the fruitland formation , new mexico , us material - ( nmmnh p - 30327 ) tooth ( nmmnh p - 52508 ) tooth reference - williamson and brusatte , 2014 . small theropod teeth from the late cretaceous of the san juan basin , northwestern new mexico and their implications for understanding latest cretaceous dinosaur evolution . plos one . 9 ( 4 ) , e93190 .
unnamed coelurosaur ( williamson and brusatte , 2014 ) early maastrichtian , late cretaceous naashoibito member of ojo alamo formation , new mexico , us material - ( nmmnh p - 36545 ) tooth reference - williamson and brusatte , 2014 . small theropod teeth from the late cretaceous of the san juan basin , northwestern new mexico and their implications for understanding latest cretaceous dinosaur evolution . plos one . 9 ( 4 ) , e93190 .
undescribed probable coelurosauria ( hone and tanke , 2015 ) late campanian , late cretaceous dinosaur park formation , alberta , canada material - ( rtmp 94 . 143 coll . ) ( small ) tibia , phalanx reference - hone and tanke , 2015 . pre - and postmortem tyrannosaurid bite marks on the remains of daspletosaurus ( tyrannosaurinae : theropoda ) from dinosaur provincial park , alberta , canada . peerj . 3 : e885 .
compsognathidae cope , 1875 definition - ( compsognathus longipes < - passer domesticus ) ( holtz et al . , 2004 ) other definitions - ( metacarpal i very short ( mii / mi < 35 % , with discrete extensor tubercle directed proximo - radially ( ratio 1 . 81 . 4 proximally to radially ) , and barely asymmetrical distal condyles [ < 5° offset ulnar to radial condyles ] as in compsognathus longipes ) ( gishlick and gauthier , 2007 ) = compsognatha huxley , 1870 = aristosuchia seeley , 1901 = compsognathinae cope , 1875 vide nopcsa , 1923 = compsognathia paul , 1988 = sinosauropterygiformes ji and ji , 1996 = sinosauropterygidae ji and ji , 1996 = aptilonia ji and ji , 2001 = eoptilonia ji and ji , 2001 comments - both aptilonia and eoptilonia were named by ji and ji ( 2001 ) in a cladogram , the former including compsognathus and the latter including sinosauropteryx . though not defined , their etymology suggests reference to sinosauropteryx ' s preserved primitive feathers and compsognathus ' lack of well preserved feathers . the latter is probably preservational , neither state is apomorphic , and both names are best seen as junior synonyms of compsognatha and sinosauropterygiformes respectively .
unnamed maniraptoriformes ( torices , 2002 ) late campanian , late cretaceous tremp formation , spain material - ( dpm - vir4 - t5 ) tooth ( 2 . 9x1 . 3x . 9 mm ) ( torices , 2002 ) late campanian - early maastrichtian , late cretaceous tremp formation , spain ( dpm - mon - t3 ) tooth ( 2 . 8x1 . 6x . 7 mm ) ( torices , 2002 ) ( dpm - mon - t6 ) tooth ( 3 . 3x1 . 4x1 . 2 mm ) ( torices , 2002 ) late maastrichtian , late cretaceous tremp formation , spain ( mpz98 / 79 ) tooth ( 1 . 9x1 . 9x1 mm ) ( torices , currie , canudo and pereda - suberbiola , 2015 ) ( mpz98 / 80 ) tooth ( 2 . 6x1 . 8x . 9 mm ) ( torices , currie , canudo and pereda - suberbiola , 2015 ) ( mpz98 / 81 ) tooth ( 1 . 9x1 . 4x . 7 mm ) ( torices , currie , canudo and pereda - suberbiola , 2015 ) ( mpz98 / 82 ) tooth ( 2 . 4x1 . 2x . 7 mm ) ( torices , currie , canudo and pereda - suberbiola , 2015 ) comments - these are recurved and unserrated but lack a constricted base . references - torices , 2002 . los dinosaurios terópodos del cretácico superior de la cuenca de tremp ( pirineos sur - centrales , lleida ) . coloquios de paleontología . 53 , 139 - 146 . torices , currie , canudo and pereda - suberbiola , 2015 . theropod dinosaurs from the upper cretaceous of the south pyrenees basin of spain . acta palaeontologica polonica . 60 ( 3 ) , 611 - 626 .
unnamed maniraptoriformes ( knoll and ruiz - omenaca , 2009 ) beriassian , early cretaceous ksar metlili formation , morocco material - ( mnhn sa 2004 / 2b ) tooth ( 2 . 6x1 . 4x . 9 mm ) ( mnhn sa 2004 / 4c ) tooth ( 3 . 7x2 . 3x1 . 1 mm ) ( mnhn sa a0 ) tooth ( 1 . 7x . 9x . 6 mm ) comments - these are referred to maniraptoriformes as they lack serrations . references - knoll and ruiz - omenaca , 2005 . theropod teeth from the berriasian of anoual ( morocco ) . journal of vertebrate paleontology . 25 ( 3 ) , 78a . knoll and ruiz - omenaca , 2009 . theropod teeth from the basalmost cretaceous of anoual ( morocco ) and their palaeobiogeographical significance . geological magazine . 146 ( 4 ) , 602 - 616 .
undescribed maniraptoriform ( company , torices , pereda - suberbiola and ruiz - omenaca , 2009 ) late campanian - early maastrichtian , late cretaceous sierra perenchiza formation , valencia , spain material - teeth ( ~ 6 mm ) comments - described as distally recurved , strongly compressed labiolingually , and lacking serrations . reference - company , torices , pereda - suberbiola and ruiz - omenaca , 2009 . theropod teeth from the late cretaceous of chera ( valencia , eastern spain ) . journal of vertebrate paleontology . 29 ( 3 ) , 81a .
unnamed maniraptoriform ( williamson and brusatte , 2014 ) late campanian , late cretaceous fossil forest member of the fruitland formation , new mexico , us material - ( nmmnh p - 38424 ) tooth ( ? x . 5x ? mm ) comments - this is slightly labiolingually compressed , strongly recurved , lacks a basal constriction , and has weak carinae without serrations . reference - williamson and brusatte , 2014 . small theropod teeth from the late cretaceous of the san juan basin , northwestern new mexico and their implications for understanding latest cretaceous dinosaur evolution . plos one . 9 ( 4 ) , e93190 .
undescribed maniraptoran ( nessov , 1995 ) late santonian - early campanian , late cretaceous bostobe formation , kazakhstan material - astragalocalcaneum comments - nessov ( 1995 ) referred this to troodontidae based on the fused tarsus , but as pointed out by averianov and sues ( 2007 ) this is also known in other maniraptorans ( e . g . alvarezsaurids , avimimus , microraptor ) . references - nessov , 1995 . dinosaurs of northern eurasia : new data about assemblages , ecology and paleobiogeography . scientific research institute of the earth ' s crust , st . petersburg state university , st . petersburg , russia : 156 pp . + 14 pl . [ in russian with short english , german , and french abstracts ] . averianov and sues , 2007 . a new troodontid ( dinosauria : theropoda ) from the cenomanian of uzbekistan , with a review of troodontid records from the territories of the former soviet union . journal of vertebrate paleontology . 27 ( 1 ) , 87 - 98 .
ilerdopteryx lacasa - ruiz , 1985 i . viai lacasa - ruiz , 1985 late berriasian - early barremian , early cretaceous la pedrera de rubies lithographic limestones formation , spain syntypes - ( lp - 715 iei ) body feather ( 27 mm ) ( lp - 1327 iei ) body feather ( lp iei coll . ) seven body feathers ( 20 - 30 mm ) comments - these feathers have barbules , so are probably from maniraptorans . they may be from noguerornis or the unnamed la pedrera juvenile enantiornithine taxon which are from the same locality . whether all of the nine feathers are from the same taxon is unknown , and ilerdopteryx is indeterminate since feathers are undiagnostic for mesozoic theropods . references - lacasa - ruiz , 1985 . nota sobre las plumas fosiles del yacimiento eocretacico de ' la pedrera - la cabrua ' en la sierra del montsec . ( prov . lleida , espana ) . ilerda . 46 , 227 - 238 . lacasa - ruiz , 1986 . nota preliminar sobre el hallazgo de restos keos de un ave fosil en el yacimiento neocomiense del montsec . ( prov . lerida , espafia ) . ilerdu . 47 , 203 - 206 . lacasa - ruiz , 1989 . an early cretaceous fossil bird from montsec mountain ( lleida , spain ) . terra nova . 1 ( 1 ) , 45 - 46 . kellner , 2002 . a review of avian mesozoic fossil feathers . pp . 389 - 404 . in chiappe and witmer , ( eds . ) . mesozoic birds  above the heads of dinosaurs . university of california press , berkeley , los angeles , london .
martharaptor senter , kirkland and deblieux , 2012 m . greenriverensis senter , kirkland and deblieux , 2012 barremian , early cretaceous yellow cat member of cedar mountain formation , utah , us holotype - ( umnh vp 21400 ) cervical neural arch fragment , first dorsal centrum ( 62 . 1 mm ) , incomplete distal caudal centrum , incomplete scapula , distal radius , partial ulna , distal metacarpal i , proximal phalanx i - 1 , distal phalanx i - 1 , manual unguals i ( one fragmentary ) , distal phalanx ii - 1 ( ? ) , distal phalanx ii - 2 , manual unguals ii , distal phalanx iii - ? , manual unguals iii , distal pubis ( ? ) , proximal ischium , metatarsal i , incomplete pedal ungual i , proximal metatarsal ii , distal metatarsal ii , proximal metatarsal iii , distal metatarsal iv , incomplete phalanx iv - ? , three proximal phalanges ii / iv - 1 , two proximal pedal phalanges , three distal pedal phalanges , proximal pedal ungual , fragments diagnosis - ( after senter et al . , 2012 ) cervical prezygapophyses not flexed ; anterior dorsal vertebrae with hypapophyses and a single pair of pleurocoels ; distal end of scapula expanded ; manual unguals without proximodorsal lips and with prominent flexor tubercles and strong curvature ; manual unguals in which total length perpendicular to the articular facet is subequal to total height parallel to the articular facet ; ungual of manual digit iii nearly as large as that of digit ii ; proximal end of ischium laterally compressed ; metatarsal i proximally attenuated and distally reduced in transverse width relative to the other metatarsals ; all metatarsals distally non - ginglymoid ; fourth metatarsal distally attenuated immediately proximal to condyles ; pedal unguals laterally compressed and strongly curved ; first pedal ungual smaller than the others . comments - senter et al . ( 2012 ) found this to be a basal therizinosauroid between beipiaosaurus and alxasaurus using his version of the twg matrix . however , cau ( online , 2012 ) found it to be a paravian outside deinonychosauria and ornithurae sensu gauthier in his unpublished analysis . it is thus placed as maniraptora incertae sedis here pending further study . references - senter , kirkland , deblieux and madsen , 2010 . three new theropods from the cedar mountain formation ( lower cretaceous ) of utah . journal of vertebrate paleontology . program and abstracts 2010 , 162a . cau , 2012 online . urltoken senter , kirkland and deblieux , 2012 . martharaptor greenriverensis , a new theropod dinosaur from the lower cretaceous of utah . plos one . 7 ( 8 ) , e43911 .