microdevario is a small genus of danionin cyprinids .

it was recently described to include species previously in the genus microrasbora .

these small freshwater fish are native to burma ( myanmar ) and adjacent parts of thailand , and reach up to 1.5 – 2.3 cm ( 0.6 – 0.9 in ) in length depending on the exact species involved .

microdevario

how to care for neon green rasboras . microdevario kubotai - microrasbora kubotai . - youtube
microdevario gatesi was described from yangon ( within the irrawaddy river delta ) by herre ( 1939 ) as microrasbora gatesi . the species was transferred to the genus microdevario by fang et al . ( 2009 ) .
microdevario : from the ancient greek μικρός ( mikrós ) , meaning ‘small’ , and the generic name devario , in allusion to the small size of genus members and their evolutionary relationship with the genus devario .
the genus microdevario was raised by fang et al . ( 2009 ) after phylogenetic analyses revealed that some species formerly included in microrasbora to be more closely allied with devario and in need of reclassification . microdevario is largely separated from devario and other closely related genera such as chela and laubuca by virtue of internal characters but also the following : small adult size ; anal and dorsal fins with concave - shaped distal margin ; absence of barbels ; absence of perforated scales ; 9 - 10 branched anal - fin rays ; 7 branched dorsal - fin rays ; less abdominal than caudal vertebrae .
has been bred successfully in aquaria . like many small cyprinids microdevario spp . scatter their eggs randomly , typically among aquatic vegetation , and do not exhibit parental care . if the fish are in good condition they will spawn often and in a mature planted aquarium it is possible that small numbers of fry may start to appear without intervention .
microdevario kubotai - neon yellow / green rasbora ph : 6 - 7 . 5 temperature - 68 - 79 hardness : 2 - 10 dkh adult size : . 8″ maximum behavior : shoaling , keep in groups larger than 6 diet : micropredator , takes prepared foods well compatability : small and timid , does best with other small peaceful fish or invertebrates urltoken urltoken
justification : although there is no information available on the population and its trends for this species , anecdotal information from the ornamental fish trade suggests that microdevario gatesi is still relatively abundant . as the demand for this species as an aquarium fish is relatively low , collection for the ornamental fish trade is deemed unlikely to significantly impact populations . therefore , this species is assessed as least concern .
the evolutionary pathway leading to small adult size in microdevario has been referred to as miniaturisation , characterised by sexually mature adults with a significantly reduced size of less than 20 mm sl . among bony fishes cyprinids are one of the few groups in which this phenomenon occurs repeatedly across numerous genera . most show a preference for still or slow - moving , often nutrient - poor , habitats such as forest peat swamps .
today i teach you how to care for neon green rasboras . aka microdevario kubotai or microrasbora kubotai . this a great neon colored green fish that schools . while they are labeled as a small fish i ' ve seen them get up to 2 inches . either way this is a super neat rasbora that most people will love . if you ' ve enjoyed this video and haven ' t already subscribed to our channel , please click that subscribe button now .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
the population found in the songgaria river , kanchanaburi province , thailand , was introduced by the family of a local merchant .
at 3 weeks of age fry can be viewed without the aid of magnification .
kubotai : named in honour of katsuma kubota , “in appreciation for his help in conducting several projects , assistance in the field , and the gift of numerous specimens” .
known from ranong and phang nga provinces on the northwestern slope of peninsular thailand and the ataran river basin , a tributary within the salween drainage in southern myanmar which rises in kanchanaburi province , western thailand . it is likely to occur in other localities in the area between , and in kanchanaburi an introduced population exists in the songgaria river , upper khwae noi watershed . it has also been recorded in the suriya ( known as hanthayaw in myanmar ) river basin , a headwater tributary of the salween which rises in tak province , thailand .
type locality is ‘khlong phrae sai at ban kreo noi , kilometer 8 on road banching east , 32 kilometers north of ranong on road from ranong to kra buri ( 10°09’51″n , 98°41’11’e ) , ranong province , thailand’ .
apparently inhabits calm to moderately - flowing stretches of well - oxygenated headwaters and minor tributaries . such habitats tend to comprise transparent water , substrates of sand , gravel , rocks , boulders , and patches of leaf litter , with submerged driftwood , roots of riparian vegetation , and aquatic vegetation in places .
in the songgaria river the water is clear , substrate composed of fallen branches , leaf litter , gravel , rocks , and exposed bedrock forming submerged rocky outcrops around heavily - vegetated margins . sympatric species include batasio tigrinus , badis khwae , tetraodon leiurus , rasbora , and schistura species .
in the suriya the water is well - oxygenated , slightly turbid and aquatic plants such as cryptocoryne crispatula var . balansae and pogostemon helferi grow in calmer zones . other fishes include parambassis pulcinella , botia kubotai , acanthocobitis pictilis , schistura maepaiensis , homalopteroides modestus , syncrossus berdmorei , pangio fusca , pethia stoliczkana , crossocheilus burmanicus , akysis vespa , glyptothorax dorsalis , amblyceps caecutiens , batasio feruminatus , b . dayi , caelatoglanis zonatus , psilorhynchus robustus , and tetraodon cutcutia .
looks particularly effective in a planted arrangement with a darker substrate , and can appear a little washed out in sparsely - decorated set - ups . also thrives in a set - up designed to resemble a flowing river or stream with a substrate of variably - sized rocks and gravel and some large water - worn boulders . this could be further furnished with driftwood branches and plants such as microsorum , bolbitis or anubias spp . grown attached to the décor .
since it naturally inhabits running water this species should never be added to a biologically immature set - up as it requires stable water conditions , and weekly water changes of 30 - 50 % aquarium volume should be considered mandatory .
likely to feed on small invertebrates , algae and other zooplankton in nature . in the aquarium it will accept dried foods of a suitable size but should mostly be offered small live and frozen fare such as daphnia , artemia , etc .
very peaceful but best maintained alone or with comparably - sized species that enjoy similar conditions .
other small fishes from thailand such as boraras micros , b . naevus , trigonostigma heteromorpha , t . espei , acanthocobitis zonalternans , acanthopsoides and pangio spp . make excellent companions , and we suspect it might also do well alongside some species normally recommended for non - community aquaria such as dario or smaller betta .
it is a schooling species typically occurring in groups of 20 - 50 individuals in nature , therefore the purchase of at least 8 - 10 is recommended . maintaining it in decent numbers will not only make the fish less nervous but will result in a more effective , natural - looking display . males will also display their best colours as they compete with one other for female attention .
mature females tend to be deeper - bodied and noticeably larger than the more compact , intensely - coloured males .
however if you want to increase the yield a slightly more controlled approach is required . the adult group can still be conditioned together but one or more smaller containers should also be set up and filled with aged water . fill much of the available space with fine wool mops , taxiphyllum or other fine - leaved plant . neither lighting nor filtration is necessary although a small air - powered sponge filter can be installed if you prefer .
when the adults are suitably - conditioned a single pair or group comprising several males and females is then introduced to each container ; the more individuals involved the greater probability of egg predation .
the adults are best removed after 2 - 3 days as they will eat any eggs or fry they find . incubation is temperature - dependent to an extent but normally around 72 hours with the young free - swimming 3 - 4 days later . initial food should be 5 - 50 micron grade , introducing artemia nauplii , microworm , etc . , once the fry are large enough to accept them .
m . kubotai is relatively common in the ornamental trade , and is sold under various names including ‘green neon rasbora’ , ‘yellow neon rasbora’ , ‘kubotai’s microrasbora’ , and ‘kubotai rasbora’ .
it can be distinguished from its congeners by possession of hyaline dorsal and anal fins , 9 - 10 branched anal - fin rays , and 24 - 25 + 1 longitudinal scales .
kottelat , m . and k . - e . witte , 1999 - journal of south asian natural history 4 ( 1 ) : 49 - 56 two new species of microrasbora from thailand and myanmar , with two new generic names for small southeast asian cyprinid fishes ( teleostei : cyprinidae ) .
conway , k . w . , w . - j . chen and r . l . mayden , 2008 - zootaxa 1686 : 1 - 28 the ' celestial pearl danio ' is a miniature danio ( s . s ) ( ostariophysi : cyprinidae ) : evidence from morphology and molecules .
fang , f . , m . norén , t . y . liao , m . källersjö and s . o . kullander , 2009 - zoologica scripta 38 ( 1 ) : 1 - 20 molecular phylogenetic interrelationships of the south asian cyprinid genera danio , devario and microrasbora ( teleostei , cyprinidae , danioninae ) .
jiang , y . - e . , x . - y . chen and j . - x . yang , 2008 - environmental biology of fishes 83 ( 3 ) : 299 - 304 microrasbora annandale , a new genus record in china , with description of a new species ( teleostei : cyprinidae ) .
kottelat , m . , 2013 - raffles bulletin of zoology supplement 27 : 1 - 663 the fishes of the inland waters of southeast asia : a catalogue and core bibiography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters , mangroves and estuaries .
mayden , r . l . , k . l . tang , k . w . conway , j . freyhof , s . chamberlain , m . haskins , l . schneider , m . sudkamp , r . m . wood , m . agnew , a . bufalino , z . sulaiman , m . miya , k . saitoh , s . he , 2007 - journal of experimental zoology , molecular development and evolution 308b : 642 - 654 phylogenetic relationships of danio within the order cypriniformes : a framework for comparative and evolutionary studies of a model species .
rüber , l . , m . kottelat , h . h . tan , p . k . l . ng and r . britz , 2007 - bmc evolutionary biology london 7 : 1 - 10 evolution of miniaturization and the phylogenetic position of paedocypris , comprising the world ' s smallest vertebrate .
my m . kubotais are bigger , almost as big as paracheirodon innesi . ~ 3 cm for sure .
how to care for silvertip tetras . hasemania nana - silver tip tetra school size .
choose a pack : school of 3 - $ 11 . 95 school of 6 - $ 20 . 95 school of 9 - $ 28 . 95 school of 12 - $ 36 . 95
kubotai rasboras are perfect for aquarists looking to add a pop of color to their tanks . their bodies are mostly a sparkling neon green color that is rarely seen in freshwater animals ! they are also known by the names neon green rasboras , neon yellow rasboras , and green danios . the bright green color of these fish produce a contrast with other brightly - colored fish and invertebrates that is truly remarkable . they look especially beautiful in heavily aqua - scaped tanks that feature dark substrate and include plenty of plants , driftwood , and other decorations . these fish are very small and generally do not grow larger than ¾ of an inch in length . their diminutive size makes these rasboras great for nano tanks !
kubotai rasboras are fairly easy to care for , as long as they live in stable water parameters with good water quality . like all rasboras and danios , these fish are completely peaceful and totally safe to keep with other fish ( as long as the other fish are peaceful , too ! ) , snails , shrimp , and live plants . due to their small size and timid nature , they may not be ideal for community tanks that include larger and more boisterous fish . they are a schooling fish and can really only thrive in groups , which is why we sell them in groups of 6 and 12 . the more of these fish there are in your tank , the less shy they will behave . when these fish are healthy and are placed in a well - cycled and densely planted aquarium , it is fairly likely that they will spawn , and you may see fry start to appear . they do best in tanks that have plants , rock , or driftwood that provides them with cover .
kubotai rasboras are omnivores and are not too picky about eating . they will likely eat fish flakes or pellets , but they need a varied diet in order to breed ( if breeding them is something you are interested in ) . it is a good idea to include some frozen or live foods in their diet ( such as brine shrimp , bloodworms , daphnia , and insect larvae ) . they will also eat blanched vegetables , such as lettuce , zucchini , kale , etc . it is also important to keep in mind that these fish do best in well - oxygenated tanks with a decent amount of water movement .
note : our kubotai rasboras are tank - raised ! we are one of the only suppliers in the united states that offers tank - raised kubotai rasboras .
: omnivorous . will readily accept most flake foods and algae wafers , as well as freeze - dried daphnia , bloodworms , tubifex , and brine shrimp .
join our mailing list for special discounts and notifications about new and limited stock items .
from the greek ' mikros ' meaning small and the generic name devario , alluding to the small size and its relationship with devario .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 2 . 3 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 75599 )
fang , f . , m . norén , t . y . liao , m . källersjö and s . o . kullander , 2009 . molecular phylogenetic interrelationships of the south asian cyprinid genera danio , devario and microrasbora ( teleostei , cyprinidae , danioninae ) . zoologica scripta 38 ( 3 ) : 237 - 256 . ( ref . 80641 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 6250 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00537 ( 0 . 00245 - 0 . 01178 ) , b = 3 . 06 ( 2 . 87 - 3 . 25 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 0 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : the species occurs on the western slope of peninsula thailand and in the ataran drainage in myanmar , and it is expected to occur in the intermediate areas between these two locations . it inhabits streams with moderate flow and submereged vegetation , which is used for spawning . the native population in thailand is declining due to the impacts of habitat modification caused by conversion into rubber and palm oil plantations and water extraction for irrigation , but there is no information on the population in myanmar . this species is regularly collected for the international aquarium fish trade ; the harvest in thailand presently seems sustainable and less than it was in the 1990 ' s . this species is assessed as least concern , based on the assumption that this species does occur continuously between the two confirmed locations and there are no threats in myanmar ( which would contain the greatest proportion of this species eoo ) . there is however some concern about the populations in thailand .
this species occurs on the western slope of peninsula thailand and in the ataran drainage in myanmar , and it is expected to occur in the intermediate areas between these two locations . accidentally introduced to the uppermost part of the mae nam kwae noi river in thailand ( m . kottelat , pers . comm . 2011 ) .
the native population in thailand is declining due to habitat modification . there is no information on the population in myanmar . the introduced population in thailand is derived from ataran fishes released by an aquarium fish collector in around 2003 . this population is increasing and its range is expanding very quickly ( m . kottelat , pers . comm . 2011 ) .
this species occurs in streams with moderate flow and submerged vegetation , which is used for spawning ( m . kottelat pers . comm . 2011 ) .
this species occurs very regularly in the international aquarium fish trade ( m . kottelat pers . comm . 2011 ) .
this species ' habitat in thailand is impacted by conversion into rubber and palm oil plantations and water extraction for irrigation . it is regularly collected for the international aquarium fish trade ; the harvest in thailand presently seems sustainable and less than it was in the 1990 ' s . there is no information for myanmar or for the introduced population in thailand ( m . kottelat pers . comm . 2011 ) .
parts of this species range in thailand occurs within protected areas ( m . kottelat pers . comm . 2011 ) .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
justification : this species is native to southern myanmar where it is found in several river basins . no direct threats have been reported and is therefore listed as least concern .
this species is found in southern myanmar in the lower parts of ayeyarwaddy and sittaung river basins . presence in adjacent basins is a possibility .
there are no conservation actions in place or needed . more research on the ecology , distribution and threats
specific name from the latin word ' nanus ' = dwarf ( ref . 38434 )
asia : presently known only from myanmar , but may have a wider distribution in the irrawaddy delta .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 1 . 5 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 38434 )
in the field , slightly yellow with iridescent blue side and silvery eye and belly ; fins translucent with blotch in dorsal fin variably developed ; aquarium - kept yellow with iridescent bluish side and silvery - golden eye , belly and opercle . dorsal fin tip with a black blotch and a fainter one at the tip of the anal fin . longitudinal scale series 25 - 26 + 1 - 2 . predorsal scales 11 - 13 . branched anal - fin rays 10 - 11 . dorsal fin rays 3 simple , 7 branched . pectoral fin slightly falcate , with no axillary lobe . pelvic fin slightly pointed , 6 rays , 2 axillary scale distinct in largest specimens . anal fin rays 3 simple , 10 - 11 branched rays , last one split to the base . caudal fin with 10 + 9 principal rays , 9 + 8 branched . no lateral line pores . predorsal scales 11 - 13 ( ref . 38434 ) .
kottelat , m . and k . e . witte , 1999 . two new species of microrasbora from thailand and myanmar , with two new generic names for small southeast asian cyprinid fishes ( teleostei : cyprinidae ) . j . south asian nat . hist . 4 ( 1 ) : 49 - 56 . ( ref . 38434 )
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00724 ( 0 . 00324 - 0 . 01618 ) , b = 3 . 07 ( 2 . 88 - 3 . 26 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
this small species is known from the lower irrawaddy river drainage in south central myanmar , and is likely restricted to the irrawaddy delta ( h . h . ng pers . comm . ) . however is is likely to have been under - sampled ( s . kullander pers . comm . 2010 ) . the species is found in the vicinity of rangoon and is known from the sittang and bago river basins ( shafer , undated ) .
there is no information available on the population and its trends for this species . anecdotal information from the ornamental fish trade , where this species is harvested as an aquarium fish suggests that this species is still reasonably abundant in the wild ( h . h . ng pers . comm . ) .
the threats to this species are unknown , since there is little information on the biology of this species and therefore the impact of potential threats ( especially those of an anthropogenic nature ) remains unknown . the current threats to aquatic biodiversity in all of its known distribution have also not been adequately identified .
more research about the distribution and the biology of this species is needed , as there is insufficient information available . potential threats to this species also need to be identified .
the webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of microrasbora nana kottelat & witte , 1999 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .
fang , f . , m . norén , t . y . liao , m . källersjö and s . o . kullander ( 2009 ) molecular phylogenetic interrelationships of the south asian cyprinid genera < i > danio < / i > , < i > devario < / i > and < i > microrasbora < / i > ( teleostei , cyprinidae , danioninae ) . : zoologica scripta 38 ( 3 ) : 237 - 256 .
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication .
hanel , l . and j . novák ( 2002 ) české názvy zivočichů v . ryby a ryboviti obratlovci ( pisces ) 3 . , maloústí ( gonorhynchiformes ) - máloostní ( cypriniformes ) . : národní muzeum ( zoologické oddělení ) , praha .
varjo , m . , l . koli and h . dahlström ( 2004 ) kalannimiluettelo ( versio 10 / 03 ) . : suomen biologian seura vanamo ry .


brandt 's hedgehog ( paraechinus hypomelas ) is a species of desert hedgehog native to the middle east and middle asia .

brandt 's hedgehog is approximately the size of the west european hedgehog ( about 500 – 1,000 g in weight and 25 cm in length ) , but has distinctively large ears similar to the long-eared hedgehog and is a much faster runner due to lighter ( but still superior to the long-eared hedgehog ) needle protection .

it is a fast runner , but , unlike the long-eared hedgehog , predominantly nocturnal and uses cuddling tactic more often , although still employing " jumping " attack .

brandt 's hedgehog prefers arid desert areas and mountains .

it hibernates during colder weather .

its common name derives from its having first been described by johann friedrich von brandt , a director of the zoological department at the st petersburg academy of sciences .

brandt ' s hedgehog

embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - brandt’s hedgehog ( paraechinus hypomelas )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - brandt’s hedgehog ( paraechinus hypomelas )
title =
arkive species - brandt’s hedgehog ( paraechinus hypomelas )
border =
0
/ > < / a >
brandt ' s hedgehog prefers arid desert areas and mountains . it often uses natural shelter , although it is still capable of digging dens when absolutely needed . it hibernates during colder weather .
brandt ' s hedgehog has a head and body measurement of about 25 centimeters and a weight of approximately 500 to 1 , 000 grams . it is perhaps the same in size as a west european hedgehog . however , it can be distinguished from its distant relative by its large ears , which in turn is a trait shared in common with another relative , the long - eared hedgehog . compared to the long - eared hedgehog , brandt ' s hedgehog runs faster because its needle protection is much lighter and yet more superior . the needle protection is a set of spines of hollow hairs that were stiff due to keratin . unlike the porcupine ' s quills , a hedgehog ' s spines cannot be plucked easily off the skin as they are used for defense mechanism . when threatened , a hedgehog can roll itself inward to form a tight ball while the spines protrude outward to serve as spikes .
a young / baby of a brandt is called a ' hoglet ' . the females are called ' sow ' and males ' boar ' . a brandt group is called a ' array ' .
brandt’s hedgehog is not believed to be at risk of extinction , with no major threats to the species known . it is presumed to have a large population , which occurs in an area of extensive , suitable habitat , which does not appear to be under threat ( 1 ) . however , it has been suggested that increasing desertification within its range may be resulting in some degree of population fragmentation for the genus ( 3 ) , although it is not known whether this is affecting brandt’s hedgehog .
there are no known conservation measures in place for brandt’s hedgehog , and the species as a whole is not currently thought to need any direct conservation action . it may occur in some protected areas , including hazarganji national park in pakistan ( 1 ) .
the brandt ' s hedgehog is listed as least concern ( lr / lc ) , lowest risk . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species
a number of subspecies of brandt’s hedgehog are recognised ( 7 ) ( 8 ) . the species can be distinguished from the similar desert hedgehog ( paraechinus aethiopicus ) by its larger size , larger ears , darker colouration , and the lack of a white band across the face . the spines also lack white tips ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) .
brandt’s hedgehog is active at night , although it may venture out during daylight hours after rain , to feed on emerging insects ( 2 ) ( 6 ) . in addition to insects , the diet is likely to include a range of other invertebrates , small vertebrates , the eggs and chicks of ground - nesting birds , and plant matter such as fruit ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) . although most hedgehogs are solitary ( 3 ) ( 4 ) , brandt’s hedgehog has been known to congregate in large numbers at good feeding sites , with groups of up to 30 reported feeding on fallen dates ( 2 ) . like other hedgehogs , this species has poor eyesight , with food detected mainly by smell ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) . when threatened , brandt’s hedgehog may make peculiar jerking movements to deter predators ( 2 ) .
brandt’s hedgehog is not an active burrower ( 3 ) , usually spending the day curled in a ball of debris , a hole in the ground , or a rock crevice ( 2 ) ( 6 ) . resting places are changed daily , but a female with young will tend to use the same nest until the young are old enough to follow on foot ( 6 ) . brandt’s hedgehog may hibernate during the cool season ( 5 ) , and has also been reported to become less active during the hottest months , particularly in deserts ( 6 ) . most births are thought to occur in spring , with a litter size of three to four young ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . the young brandt’s hedgehog opens its eyes after around 21 days ( 2 ) , and , like other young hedgehogs , is probably weaned by about six weeks ( 4 ) . in captivity this species has lived to at least seven years ( 3 ) .
nasr , e . 2012 . surface morphological structure of the tongue of the hedgehog , hemiechinus auritus ( insectivora : erinaceidae ) .
the morphology and histological structure of two adult brandt’s hedgehog , paraechinus hypomelas , ( brandt , 1836 ) tongue were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy . on the dorsal surface of the tongue , three types of papillae were observed : filiform , fungiform and vallate papillae . apex and corpus of the tongue as well as the lateral surface of the corpus were covered with numerous filiform papillae with bifurcated tip , while the epithelium lining the ventral lingual surface was free from papillae . discoid shape fungiform papillae were scattered over the entire surface of the lingual apex , corpus and lateral surface uniformly between the filiform ones without regional variation in number and size . three elliptical or oval vallate papillae in an inverted triangle form were found on the root of the tongue . each papilla had a lobulated and very irregular dorsal surface . both fungiform and vallate papillae contain taste buds . the foliate papillae was absent . overall , the present findings reveal that despite some similarities , the lingual papillae of the brandt’s hedgehog as an omnivore animal has spices - specific characteristics compare to the erinaceous auritus as an insectivore species . this finding provides a set of basic data about the morphology of tongue and its lingual papillae in brandt’s hedgehog .
it is named after ( and by ) johann friedrich von brandt , a director of the zoological department at the st petersburg academy of sciences .
brandt’s hedgehog is a typical hedgehog in appearance , with a dense , spiny coat , elongated snout , and ability to curl into a defensive ball when threatened ( 4 ) . the largest and most common hedgehog species in much of its range ( 5 ) , it is almost totally black in colour , with a black face and snout , although the spines may have white bases ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) . as with other members of the genus , there is a naked patch on the forehead ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) , and there may be some variability in overall colouration ( 3 ) .
kumar , p . , kumar , s . , singh , s . 1998 . tongue papillae in the goat : a scanning electron microscopic study .
brandt’s hedgehog has a wide distribution from the arabian peninsula , through southern iran and southern parts of central asia , to pakistan and india ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 6 ) . in the arabian peninsula , some believe it to be a relict species , largely limited to mountainous regions and with a rather disjointed distribution ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 6 ) .
brandt ' s hedgehog ( hemiechinus hypomelas ) is a desert hedgehog that belongs to the erinaceidae family and can be found in middle asia and the middle east . it inhabits desert zones and arid steppes from iran , turkmenistan , and even farther eastwards to the region of tashkent in uzbekistan down to northern pakistan and indus river . it can also be found in oman and in some islands off persian gulf . they prefer natural shelter , but it also resorts to digging and building dens when the need arises . on colder weather , it retires to hibernate .
birt , p . , leslie , s . h . , geoffrey , c . s . 1997 . ecomorphology of the tongues of australian megachiroptera ( chiroptera : pteropodidae ) .
emura , s . , okumura , t . , chen , h . , shoumura , s . 2006 . morphology of the lingual papillae in the raccoon dog and fox .
iwasaki , s . 2002 . evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue .
worldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more ››
iwasaki , s . , miyata , k . 1989 . fine structure of the filliform papilla of beagle dogs .
emura , s . , hayakawa , d . , chen , h . , shoumura , s . , atoji , y . , wijayanto , h . 2002 . sem study on the dorsal lingual surface of the large flying fox , pteropus vampyrus .
interesting fact : a hedgehog , although classified as an insectivore , is almost an omnivore as it feeds on not only insects but also snails , snakes , toads , frogs , carrion , bird eggs , grass roots , mushrooms , melons , berries , and watermelons .
nowak , r . m . ( 1991 ) walker’s mammals of the world . the johns hopkins university press , baltimore and london .
hellyer , p . and aspinall , s . ( 2005 ) the emirates : a natural history . trident press limited , london .
emura , s . , okumura , t . , chen , h . 2013 . morphology of the lingual papillae in the jaguar .
iwasaki , s . 1992 . examination of the dorsal lingual surface of the crab - eating monkey macaca irus by scanning electron microscope .
[ 0455 ] virginia hayssen et al . ( 1993 ) , asdell ' s patterns of mammalian reproduction : a compendium of species - specific data
team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .
jackowiak , h . , trzcielinska - lorych , j . , godynicki , s . 2009 . the microstructure of lingual papillae in the egyptian fruit bat (
kurtul , i . , atalgin , s . h . 2008 . scanning electron microscopic study on the structure of the lingual papillae of the saanen goat .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
iwasaki , s . , miyata , k . , kobayashi , k . 1987 b . the surface structure of the dorsal epithelium of tongue in the mouse .
emura , s . , okumura , t . , cheh , h . 2008 . morphology of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in the cape hyrax .
kobayashi , k . , miyata , k . , iwasaki , s . , takahashi , k . 1988 . three dimensional structure of the connectivetissue papillae of cat lingual papillae .
iwasaki , s . , miyata , k . , kobayashi , k . 1987 a . comparative studies of the dorsal surface the tongue in three mammalian species by scanning electron microscopy .
iwasaki , s . , yoshizaw , h . , kawahara , i . 1996 . study by scanning electron microscopy of the morphogenesis of three types of lingual papilla in the mouse .
iwasaki , s . , yoshizawa , h . , kawahara , i . 1997 . study by scanning electron microscopy of the morphogenesis of three types of lingual papilla in the rat .
ciena , a . p . , de sousa bolina , c . , de almeida , s . r . , rici , r . e . , de oliveira , m . f . , de silva , m . c . , miglino , m . a . , watanabe , i . s . 2013 . structural and ultrastructural features of the agouti tongue (
this hedgehog typically inhabits arid environments , such as rocky areas , and riverine areas of desert and semi - desert ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 6 ) . it is thought to prefer clay soils to sandy terrain ( 1 ) ( 6 ) , and is commonly found in mountainous areas , although not at the highest elevations ( 2 ) ( 6 ) .
mcclung , j . r . , goldberg , s . j . 2000 . functional anatomy of the hypoglossal innervated muscles of the rat tongue : a model for elongation and protrusion of the mammalian tongue .
kobayashi , k . , miyata , k . , takahashi , k . , iwasaki . s . 1989 . threedimensional architecture of the connective tissue papillae of the mouse tongue as viewed by scanning electron microscopy .
terms of use - the displayed portlet may be used as a link from your website to arkive ' s online content for private , scientific , conservation or educational purposes only . it may not be used within apps .
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
sabry , d . a . , fouda , y . a . , abou - el - naga , a . m . , khalifa , s . a . , el - sayyad , h . i . h . 2015 . comparative studies of tongue of
masuko , t . s . , boaro , n . , könig - júnior , b . , cabral , r . h . , costa - neto , j . m . 2007 . comparative scanning electron microscopic study of the lingual papillae in three species of bats (
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
desertification a process of sustained decline of the biological productivity of arid and semiarid land ; the end - result is desert , or skeletal soil that is irrecoverable . genus a category used in taxonomy , which is below ‘family’ and above ‘species’ . a genus tends to contain species that have characteristics in common . the genus forms the first part of a ‘binomial’ latin species name ; the second part is the specific name . hibernate hibernation is a winter survival strategy in which an animal’s metabolic rate slows down and a state of deep sleep is attained . whilst hibernating , animals survive on stored reserves of fat that they have accumulated in summer . invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) , echinoderms , and others . relict species a species which represents the remnant of an originally much more widespread population , but which is typically now found in restricted or very localised areas . also refers to a species that has been ‘left behind’ , for example as the last survivor of an otherwise extinct group . subspecies a population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species , but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species . vertebrates animals with a backbone , including mammals , birds , reptiles , amphibians and fish .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : listed as least concern because , although it is seldom recorded , it occurs in an area of extensive , suitable habitat which appears not to be under threat , has a presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
this species is widely distributed from the arabian peninsula and iran , through southern areas of central asia to western south asia . the distribution is little known on the arabian peninsula , although it has been recorded from saudi arabia , oman , yemen , the united arab emirates and on the islands of tanb and kharg ( to iran ) in the persian gulf ( harrison and bates 1991 ) . harrison and bates ( 1991 ) suggest that it might be a relict species in the region , largely limited to montane areas . it appears to range over much of iran . in central asia , it is generally limited to more southern parts of the region , occurring in turkmenistan , southern uzbekistan and adjacent parts of tajikistan . in south asia , most records are from eastern , southern and western afghanistan ( habibi 2003 ) , with the species widely distributed in many provinces along river indus in pakistan up to an elevation of 1 , 500 m asl ( molur et al . 2005 ) .
there is little information on the abundance of this species . according to roberts ( 1997 ) the population in pakistan is declining and it is nowhere plentiful . habibi ( 2003 ) reports on few records of this species in afghanistan .
it is a nocturnal species prefering riverine and moist steppe of semi desert and desert habitats ( molur et al . 2005 ) . it appears to prefers clay and loess soils ( habibi 2003 ) .
in pakistan , it has been recorded in hazarganji national park , baluchistan ( molur et al . 2005 ) . no direct conservation measures are currently needed for this species as a whole .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t40610a115174910 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
your web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .
your list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .
note : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .
the e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
the e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .
this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *
add tags for
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference
.
you may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .
don ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .
classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
environment agency - abu dhabi is a principal sponsor of arkive . ead is working to protect and conserve the environment as well as promoting sustainable development in the emirate of abu dhabi .
stone , r . d . ( 1995 ) eurasian insectivores and tree shrews : status survey and conservation action plan . iucn / ssc insectivore , tree shrew and elephant shrew specialist group , iucn , gland , switzerland . available at : urltoken
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
alsharhan , a et al . ( 2008 ) terrestrial environment of abu dhabi emirate . environment agency , abu dhabi , united arab emirates .
macdonald , d . w . ( 2006 ) the encyclopedia of mammals . oxford university press , oxford .
vine , p . ( 1996 ) natural emirates : wildlife and environment of the united arab emirates . trident press , london .
myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members , allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends .
this species is featured in jewels of the uae , which showcases biodiversity found in the united arab emirates in association with the environment agency – abu dhabi .
wildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa
maximum longevity : 7 years ( captivity ) observations : one wild born specimen was about 7 years old , though it could have been older , when it died in captivity ( richard weigl 2005 ) .
amori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority ) & cox , n . ( global mammal assessment team )
listed as least concern because , although it is seldom recorded , it occurs in an area of extensive , suitable habitat which appears not to be under threat , has a presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
hutterer , r . ( 2005 ) . wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m , eds . mammal species of the world ( 3rd ed . ) . johns hopkins university press . p . 217 . isbn 978 - 0 - 8018 - 8221 - 0 . oclc 62265494 .
insectivore specialist group ( 1996 ) . hemiechinus hypomelas . 2006 . iucn red list of threatened species . iucn 2006 . urltoken . retrieved on 2006 - 05 - 12 . database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
copyright © 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved
enter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user
a curated database of candidate human ageing - related genes and genes associated with longevity and / or ageing in model organisms .
a curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling .
projects focused on gene expression profiling of ageing and of dietary manipulations of ageing , such as caloric restriction .
software for ageing research , including the ageing research computational tools ( arct ) perl toolkit .
a curated database of ageing and life history information in animals , including extensive longevity records .
the benchmark genome assembly and annotation of the long - lived , cancer - resistant naked mole - rat ( heterocephalus glaber ) .
a high - coverage genome of the bowhead whale ( balaena mysticetus ) , the longest - lived mammal .
analyses using the anage database to study the evolution of longevity and ageing in vertebrate lineages .
a portal of ageing changes covering different biological levels , integrating molecular , physiological and pathological age - related data .
the whosage database contains people and biotech companies that are contributing to increase our understanding of ageing and life - extension .
one wild born specimen was about 7 years old , though it could have been older , when it died in captivity [ 0671 ] .
comments , suggestions , ideas , and bug reports are welcome . please contact us .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
it has five short - nailed toes on each of its two front paws . however , its back paws have four toes each with nails that constantly grow long . this serves burrowing purposes . its range of vocal communication include grunts , snuffles , and even squeals .
urltoken uses cookies to store information that enables us to optimize our website and make browsing more comfortable for you . to learn more about the use of cookies , please read our privacy policy .
abumandour , m . m . a . , el - bakary , r . m . a . 2013 . morphological and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue of the egyptian fruit bat (
boshell , j . l . , wilborn , w . h . , singh , b . b . 1982 . filiform papillae of cat tongue .
chamorro , c . a . , de paz , c . p . , sandoval , j . , fernandez , j . g . 1986 . comparative scanning electron microscopic study of the lingual papillae in two species of domestic mammals (
goodarzi , n . , shah - hoseini , t . 2015 . fine structure of lingual papillae in the markhoz goat ( iranian angora ) : a scanning electron microscopic study .
hutterer , r . , wilson , d . e . , reeder , d . m . 2005 . mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference . 3rd ed . johns hopkins university press
kobayashi , k . 1990 . three - dimensional architecture of the connective tissue core of the lingual papillae in the guinea pig .
kobayashi , k . , jackowiak , h . , frackowiak , h . , yoshimura , k . , kumakura , m . 2005 . comparative morphological study on the tongue and lingual papillae of horses ( perissodactyla ) and selected ruminantia ( artiodactyla ) .
krause , w . j . , cutts , j . h . 1982 . morphological observations on the papillae of the opossum tongue .
nonaka , k . , zheng , j . h . , kobayashi , k . 2008 . comparative morphological study on the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in rabbits .
pastor , j . f . , barbosa , m . , de paz , f . j . 2008 . morphological study of the lingual papillae of the giant panda (
tadjalli , m . , pazhoomand , r . 2004 . tongue papillae in lambs : a scanning electron microscopic study .
toprak , b . 2006 . light and scanning microscopic structure of filiform papillae in mice .
zheng , j . h , kobayashi , k . 2006 . comparative morphological study on the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores ( ctc ) in reeves’ muntjac deer (
cite score 2016 : 0 . 35 scimago journal rank ( sjr ) 2016 : 0 . 300 source normalized impact per paper ( snip ) 2016 : 0 . 496