integral ( foaled 13 march 2010 ) is a british thoroughbred racehorse .

unraced as a two-year-old , she was a group 3 winner at three when finishing in a dead heat for first place in the atalanta stakes .

in 2014 she won the duke of cambridge stakes at royal ascot , before scoring her first group one in her next race , the falmouth stakes .

she went on to record a second group one success in the sun chariot stakes .

in 2015 she failed to win but finished second in the sun chariot stakes and fourth in the queen elizabeth ii stakes .

integral ( horse )

building relationships with the horse is integral to training it successfully , o ' brien said .
wilber , ken . integral psychology . boston , ma : shambhala , 2000 .
integral has managed to win 6 races in its career so far . on 4th oct 2014 at newmarket , integral scored its most significant win to date , getting the money in the
taborga , jorge . “organisational archetypes and the spiral dynamics . ” integral leadership review . october 2011 .
it has proven a profitable horse for the punters over the journey . if you had backed integral throughout its career you ' d have achieved a 55 % return on investment .
jhon is an integral partner in this conversation of becoming that we have been developing over the past month .
integral horsemapping is about working with single clients , groups , and teams in personal , structural , and organizational constellations . this horsedream concept is based on the integral approach of ken wilber , fred kofman , don beck , peter senge , and others . more information about horse assisted education on urltoken .
o ' brien has been a horse trainer and breaker for over three decades .
integral horsemapping is a combination of four powerful approaches : mindmapping , structural constellations , horse assisted education and the integral way of consciousness . it provides us with a better understanding of structures and mechanisms of corporate governance and personal behaviour . all licensed horsedream partners participated in four workshops : distance and nearness leadership exercises goals and obstacles integral horsemapping each workshop focuses on one of the main parts of the horsedream horse assisted education programme , which is the the most successful professional leadership and team building approach with horses in europe .
o ' brien said an untrained horse is like a three - year - old child .
esoterique could return to england for her next run after getting the better of old rival integral in the sun chariot stakes at newmarket .
today the fillies and mares take centre - stage with integral attempting to complete a historic second success in the duke of cambridge stakes .
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the equine culture award went to harumitsu umezaki , a journalist for sports nippon newspapers , whose nonfiction “ryukyu horse racing lost—in search of legendary champion hikoki” vividly reprises the history of a unique horse racing sport that was an integral part of okinawan culture for centuries . umezaki is the first active newspaper reporter to be presented with a jra award .
other high - profile entries include integral ( sir michael stoute ) and rizeena ( clive brittain ) , who are both dual grade one winners .
wilber , ken . a theory of everything : an integral vision for business , politics , science and spirituality . boston : shambhala , 2001 .
[ a horse ] lives in a group environment and has a structure of leader , follower .
best price on every horse for all races shown live on itv racing . t & cs apply .
the five - year - old had beaten integral in the dahlia stakes at newmarket in may last year before being well beaten behind sir michael stoute ' s mare in the duke of cambridge stakes at royal ascot . esoterique was then only fourth behind integral in last year ' s renewal of the sun chariot .
our contributors will be continually updating posts to offer commentary , insight , advice , and expert opinions on horse racing and wagering . the goal is to help you win more and become a better all around horse player .
andre fabre secured a first win in the group one contest over a mile on saturday when esoterique quickened up close to home to collar the front - running integral .
in a horse ' s genetic makeup , it ' s not to be a pet ,
he said .
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few animals are more integral to the recent history of this country than the horse . they were at the front of the wagon trains that rolled west . they stood beside the soldiers as the country’s story was written . and the racehorse belongs to the dying vestiges of that long and storied tradition .
twinspires ' horse racing author , handicapper , and podcast host , derek simon of denver , colo . offers his insightful , humorous and sometimes controversial take on the horse racing industry . he even publishes the roi on the picks he gives out .
his string of jra award winners includes shinko lovely ( 1993 best older filly or mare ) , bubble gum fellow ( 1995 best two - year - old colt ) , taiki shuttle ( 1997 best sprinter or miler , 1998 horse of the year , best older colt or horse and best sprinter or miler ) , stinger ( 1998 best two - year old filly ) , symboli kris s ( 2002 - 2003 horse of the year , 2002 best three - year - old colt and 2003 best older colt or horse ) , zenno rob roy ( 2004 horse of the year and best older colt or horse ) , and dance in the mood ( 2004 best three - year - old filly and 2006 best older filly or mare ) .
integral h , 1959 { 9 - c } dp = 6 - 2 - 10 - 10 - 6 ( 34 ) di = 0 . 62 cd = - 0 . 24
jordan mccarthy is our horse racing expert and a university college cork graduate . he was a prominent member of the ucc horse racing society and will be focusing on the big talking points in racing . he also discusses some of the burning issues in football .
connections of integral are well aware their mare faces a tough ask as she takes on the colts in saturday ' s al shaqab lockinge stakes at newbury on what is her seasonal bow .
sumii ’s outstanding training methods have produced many jra award winners , including delta blues ( 2004 best horse by home - bred sire ) , cesario ( 2005 best three - year - old filly and best horse by home - bred sire ) , hat trick ( 2005 best sprinter or miler ) , kane hekili ( 2005 best dirt horse and 2008 best dirt horse ) , vodka ( 2006 best two - year - old filly , 2007 special award , 2008 - 2009 horse of the year and best older filly or mare ) , tall poppy ( 2007 best two - year - old filly ) , victoire pisa ( 2010 best three - year - old colt and 2011 best older colt or horse ) , and aventura ( 2011 best three - year - old filly ) .
sumii ' s outstanding training methods have produced many jra award winners , including delta blues ( ' 04 best horse by home - bred sire ) , cesario ( ' 05 best three - year - old filly and best horse by home - bred sire ) , hat trick ( ' 05 best sprinter or miler ) , kane hekili ( ' 05 best dirt horse and ' 08 best dirt horse ) , vodka ( ' 06 best two - year - old filly , ' 07 special award , ' 08 horse of the year and best older filly or mare , and ' 09 horse of the year and best older filly or mare ) , tall poppy ( ' 07 best two - year - old filly ) , victoire pisa ( ' 10 best three - year - old colt and ' 11 best older colt or horse ) , and aventura ( ' 11 best three - year - old filly ) .
he ' s a classy horse and has the run under his belt , which some of the others don ' t .
crazy horse’s father was my father’s cousin , and there were no chiefs in our family before crazy horse ; but there were holy men ; and he became a chief because of the power he got in a vision when he was a boy . when i was a man , my father told me something about that vision . of course he did not know all of it ; but he said that crazy horse dreamed and went into the world where there is nothing but the spirits of all things . that is the real world that is behind this one , and everything we see here is something like a shadow from that world . he was on his horse in that world , and the horse and himself on it and the trees and the grass and the stones and everything were made of spirit , and nothing was hard , and everything seemed to float . his horse was standing still there , and yet it danced around like a horse made only of shadow , and that is how he got his name , which does not mean that his horse was crazy or wild , but that in his vision it danced around in that queer way .
, although beaten again in the champions cup , won the best dirt horse award by a comfortable margin thanks to convincing results throughout the season .
gentildonna , previously horse of the year in 2012 , is the eighth horse in jra history to claim this highest honor twice and is only the second mare following vodka , who won in 2008 and 2009 . gentildonna was also a unanimous selection for 2014 best older filly or mare . the best two - year - old selections for colts and fillies were also unanimous . just a way , who earned international recognition by reaching the top of the world ' s best racehorse rankings , was chosen best older colt or horse with 242 votes ( 85 % ) , while hokko tarumae amassed 276 votes ( 97 % ) as best dirt horse .
but the mystique of the race horse has waned in recent years . that’s no secret . racetracks are closing , attendances are dropping , money is drying out .
all information , including ages and race performances , are as of december 31 , 2014 , unless otherwise indicated . wins and earnings include jra - designated local public races under the national association of racing ( nar ) and overseas starts . the “season performances” chart shows the horse’s positions in the 1st , 2nd , 3rd and final corners , from left to right . “l3f” and “ [ horse ] ” indicate time over the last 3 furlongs ( 600m ) and the horse’s weight , respectively .
peters has been an integral part of the china horse club’s success in singapore since it began racing in the asian centre in 2013 . during this time he was the assistant trainer as the club’s red and gold colours were ridden to success in events such as the g1 singapore gold cup and in a series of major contests including the g1 singapore derby , g1 singapore guineas , g1 cecf singapore cup and more .
all information , including ages and race performances , are as of december 31 , 2015 , unless otherwise indicated . excluding jockeys , wins and earnings include jra - designated local public races under the national association of racing ( nar ) and overseas starts . the “season performances” chart shows the horse’s positions in the 1st , 2nd , 3rd and final corners , from left to right . “l3f” and “ [ horse ] ” indicate time over the last 3 furlongs ( 600m ) and the horse’s weight , respectively .
after an opening day treble , ryan moore will view integral as an outstanding opportunity to add to his royal ascot tally . her younger opponents have a gap to bridge if they are to deny her a place in the thinnest of history books .
gaynor rupert of the sponsors l’ormarins can be thanked for turning the queen’s plate into the top notch racing event it is today . she has a keen appreciation of the history of the sport of kings and has always tried to bring an english feel to the queen’s plate . racing is an integral part of the british culture and over there the horse as an athlete , coupled with socialising , are central to most meetings .
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he said he was at a point where he is comfortable with his knowledge — wisdom which has been learnt after years of hard work and spending time with old
horse people
.
apollo maverick was named the jra ' s best steeplechase horse in his first season as a jumper , which he capped off with an inaugural j - g1 victory in the nakayama daishogai .
dermot weld won the melbourne cup in 1993 with a horse called vintage crop . it is probably fair to say that title will not be used to describe this season’s three - year olds .
winner : “ryukyu horse racing lost—in search of legendary champion hikoki” umezaki’s nonfiction book introduces the history of horse racing in okinawa as a unique and important part of local culture for some 400 years , from the ryukyu kingdom up to world war ii , when the sport vanished . ryukyu racing was not a contest of speed but a series of two - horse match races contested by small , native breeds . the entrants were decorated with strappings and judged by the smoothness of their ambling gaits and the beauty of their movements . racing was held at more than 160 racetracks scattered around the islands .
in a region renowned for its links to the equestrian industry , hunter valley resident gerald o ' brien has , for more than 30 years , learnt and mastered the art of horse training and breaking .
we virtually take a horse from an unhandled state , program him , get him used to being ridden . . . then hand them back to the owners to pursue their sport with him .
i think here comes when is an overlooked horse . he has twice won at group two level and ran a good trial when second on his reappearance at sandown last month ,
said balding .
if ever it has been wondered whether the gods who sit high on mount olympus are fans of horse racing , then the question was firmly put to bed on saturday afternoon at roughly 6 . 50pm .
another unanimous selection was meisho mambo for best three - year - old filly . orfevre , who gave a powerful performance in an eight - length victory , the last run of his career , claimed his second consecutive title for best older colt or horse by a wide margin . two - time japan cup winner and last year’s horse of the year gentildonna was the overwhelming choice for best older filly or mare .
in today’s renewal integral is very much the ‘old lady’ in a field of eight . she’ll need to have a season to remember if she is to be spoken of in the same glowing terms as soviet song , though her current record of six wins from 11 starts is certainly eye - catching .
rapport comes out of respect . if the horse never had any respect in his life , he ' s been treated like a pet , he ' ll try and come here and run the show .
…it is also said that he received the name from his father who was a medicine man named crazy horse . in an oral tradition the stories shared are from individuated viewpoints that many times arise from the unseen world . the vision of crazy horse referred to is most likely a deep secret between him and his father . after sharing his vision in a lodge with his father , his father transferred the name . naming in the lakota tradition is a very important event that guides the song of the heart of the person . i can only imagine the stories told about crazy horse around the fires of the people . he is a mythic hero in modernity in the real sense of still being alive in our imaginations . what is good about him today is we are interested in being like him , finding the ‘holy grail in presencing’ our lives with such dignity , generosity , knowledge , courage and wisdom . i know indians who believe they are in communication with crazy horse and there is a woman in australia who believes she is crazy horse .
when the likes of sir barton , omaha , war admiral , whirlaway , assault , secretariat , seattle slew and affirmed were doing their winning , they did so during the halcyon years of american horse racing .
eros / power : love in the spirit of inquiry . bradbury and torbert , 2016 - ar + action research plus on 4 / 28 – hilary bradbury and william torbert on eros / power - 02 / 26 / 2018 [ … ] authors in dialogue : integral leadership review : urltoken [ … ]
this year’s effort in making the queen’s plate into a two day festival was another fine innovation . the friday garden party looks set to become an integral part of the event’s tradition . the bond between racing purists and the queen’s plate will likely become stronger and stronger in a climate where turnover is paramount .
“we will obviously have to see nearer the time but we feel he is a horse who needs good ground so he may well make his reappearance at newbury . we have also entered a pacemaker , maximum velocity .
the jra equine culture award recognizes noteworthy achievements and contributions to japanese equine culture . nominations for the 2015 award included horse - related cultural events and publications that were held or published between november 2014 and october 2015 .
the jockey club’s influence and involvement in british horse racing spans four centuries . her majesty the queen is the jockey club’s patron and current / former members include prime ministers , members of the aristocracy and other influential individuals .
champion jockey richard hughes landed his first british classic this season aboard sky lantern who later went on to demolish her rivals at royal ascot . the grey was very impressive and came into this campaign having landed the moyglare in ireland as a two - year old . her final outing was at newmarket where she defeated integral .
that ' s where the fun is — getting that particular horse with an attitude that doesn ' t want to be about you and trying to turn him around and get him back on the straight and narrow .
claimed this year’s nakayama daishogai in a three grade - race winning streak starting with the nakayama grand jump in april , thereby ensuring his jra award for best steeplechase horse in 2015 . he is the first horse to win both j - g1 races in the same year since the grading system was introduced to steeplechase racing in 1999 . his victory in the nakayama grand jump also renewed the race record previously set in 2004 by 0 . 4 second .
in memorium : russ volckmann | joe perez on 05 / 31 – natasha mantler - 05 / 31 / 2018 [ … ] the first things i read today in the new issue of integral leadership review were the letters to russ volckmann , the journal’s late editor . here’s one of the letters for russ : [ … ]
toshinori ishida , born in 1966 and graduated from waseda university’s faculty of letters , covered horse racing for sankei sports newspaper before becoming a freelance writer in 1993 . he writes a biweekly column , “keiba watching , ” for tokyo ( chunichi ) shimbun newspaper and a serial column , “keiba hatsu historia , ” for yukan fuji newspaper . his award - winning book is based on articles he penned for a monthly horse racing magazine , gallop , in 2012 .
andrew james campbell ( 54 ) artist and writer , raised in england under no church or faith . studied fine arts and art history after a spell in academic publishing with oxford university press . ( 1970 ) i am the artist at the global dialogue on leadership project and a founding core faculty member at r2 ( rennaissance2 ) and the galatea programme , perpignan , france . i serve the editorial board at integral review as arts and creativity editor . i have occasionally advised and commissioned publication of works here at integral leadership review . i coach and converse with a wide variety of folk . as for matters integral , i am a mere novice . i consider the work of humberto maturana , francisco varela and fernando flores to be key instruments in navigating well what may well prove to be the last spiraling decades of a collapsing ‘globalised’ civilisation . i am currently planning a number of events , to be hosted in france and oxford university with the lakota ( first nations ) people , 2009 .
the jra equine culture award recognizes noteworthy achievements and contributions to japanese equine culture . nominations for the 2014 award included horse - related cultural events and publications relating that were published , broadcast or held between november 2013 and october 2014 .
a writer and editor who has been following horse racing for fifteen years . peter has written books for the daily racing form press ; crown ; and simon and schuster ; among other publishers , and regular features in the horseplayer magazine .
the season ends without several of the main players , who are riding abroad on winter contracts , as well as paul hanagan and richard kingscote , who were both injured in a five - horse pile - up at wolverhampton on thursday night .
eros / power : love in the spirit of inquiry . bradbury and torbert , 2016 - ar + action research plus on 4 / 28 – bradbury and torbert . eros / power - love in the spirit of inquiry - 02 / 26 / 2018 [ … ] integral leadership review : reviewing eros / power by joseph friedman : urltoken [ … ]
the equine culture award for 2015 was presented to the novel
gufu no o .
the story largely takes place on the island of hokkaido , a thoroughbred breeding center and an area deeply connected with horses since the 19th century , when horses were an integral part of daily life . the story vividly illustrates how people and horses can join together for survival .
the jockey club rooms , a private members club located in newmarket , has been at the heart of british horse racing for over 260 years . in addition to playing an active role in the day - to - day business of the jockey club , it houses an incredible collection of sporting art and racing memorabilia gifted or bequeathed by members or their families . the collection features significant works by many of the key figures in british sporting art , such as george stubbs , and includes paintings of some of the turf’s greatest racehorses and larger - than - life individuals integral to the history of racing and the jockey club .
he ' s such a fantastic horse to train and looks like he ' s come on again . any more rain will be a help , we know he handles it and it might just take the sting out of a few of the others .
“gufu no o” is the saga of a family rooted in the northern japan , where people are forced to confront harsh winters and the power of nature . the story , which is divided into three sections covering six generations of the family , begins with sutezo , a young man who decides to leave his home on japan’s main island to seek a new life in hokkaido during the late 19th century . one day , he received a letter from his mother mine , whom he had left behind , in which he learned the true story of how he came into the world . mine had suffered the misfortune of a failed elopement that had left her alone and pregnant with sutezo . adding to the tragedy , she became lost and had to take refuge in a snow cave together with her much - loved horse . trying to stay alive , she fed the horse her own hair and ate the horse’s mane , as wild horses do in times of starvation . finally , left with no other choice , she was forced to eat her beloved horse’s flesh to save her precious unborn child .
he ' ll give you pet - like tendencies when your human - horse relationship is correct , and that ' s when people go ' oh , isn ' t he lovely ' and give him a pat . then he just says ' come in sucker ' .
at a time when the sport has never had to work as hard for recognition and relevance , american pharoah reminded a nation that widely regards horse racing in this country as overtly cruel , and callous , and uncaring , that the same spectacle can still produce transcendental moments .
if [ a horse ] was someone you worked with , he would be the person that if you lost your wallet , he might find it , take a bit of cash out of it , and kick it back under the table ,
o ' brien said .
the drugs scandal has rocked british racing . cycling has had its negativity in the media in recent years . racing cannot go down that road if it wants to attract new owners to the game . it was , and still is , a very testing time for horse racing .
“it is great to see olympic anthem return to racing a winner and great to see that he has done so for james on the first night that james is listed as a senior trainer in singapore , ” said michael wallace , head of china horse club’s racing and breeding .
war horse is very proud to announce that on sunday , april 24 we will be hosting tony gentilcore for a 1 - day workshop . tony is a certified strength and conditioning specialist through the nsca , & co - founder of cressey sports performance , located in hudson , ma .
krishna kumar c r on 09 / 17 – an integral catholic leader : father anthony de mello , sj - 04 / 13 / 2018 accidentally came up on anthony de mello ' s
awareness
audio book . downloaded the pdf file and have been reading it . no words to describe it . such a wonderful book ! have myself been practising vipassana meditation for the last about twenty or so years .
while each triple crown title was taken by a different horse , satsuki sho ( japanese 2000 guineas ) victor isla bonita topped his generation with additional achievements , including runner - up in the tokyo yushun ( japanese derby ) and third place against his seniors in the tenno sho ( autumn ) .
pundits who felt he was lucky to be named equus horse of the year last season , above his j & b met conqueror smart call , will have to now put up their hands and admit he fully deserved the accolade , as the mile has now been confirmed to be his best trip .
derek brugman , racing manager to legal eagle’s owner markus jooste , has done a fine job together with tarry in managing the horse’s career . legal eagle has had his targets carefully picked and his 15 career starts have yielded nine victories . he still looks to have plenty in the tank for overseas .
legal eagle’s greatness as a miler can be seen in the way he controls his races from the off . there can be some comparisons between him and the 2013 queen’s plate winner variety club , a twice equus horse of the year , who had unbelievable gatespeed and simply controlled the race from then onward .
riding under trainer hidekazu asami upon graduating from jra’s horse racing school in february 2015 , he scored his first win on march 14 at chukyo . he was second best among first - season jockeys with 17 wins by august and then ultimately overtook his rivals to win by nine victories for the champion title .
angus gold , racing manager for owner sheikh hamdan , said :
aljamaaheer is fine and came out of his run at leicester in good shape according to roger varian . he didn ' t get a clear run at leicester that day - he seems to be a horse who is good at being unlucky .
where : war horse barbell club , 801 north 2nd street philadelphia , pa 19123 when : sunday , april 24th price : early bird rate for the first 20 people $ 175 , 21 + regular $ 200 . 00 date / time : sunday , april 24th 2016 time : check in time 8 : 30am
the stablemate of a horse of dawn approach’s calibre was always going to be playing second fiddle this year . however , trading leather was one of the most solid horses of the season . he was rarely , if ever , out of the top three in his races . that run includes a victory in the irish derby , a runner - up berth in the king george , a placed finish in the juddmonte and third spot in the irish 2000 guineas . that is a heck of a sequence . consistency is perhaps the adjective that best sums up trading leather . it was a solid season from a very talented horse .
this workshop is an absolute must for all fitness professionals , students , and fitness enthusiasts alike . during this 1 - day workshop tony will cover upper extremity assessment with a heavy emphasis on the shoulder . whether you work with athletes or full - time desk employees , being able to understand anatomy , assessment , corrective exercise strategies , and program design – especially as it relates to shoulder dysfunction – is an integral component to success as a fitness professional .
the pick of the three - year olds was undoubtedly the filly , treve . she floored her rivals in the arc and remains unbeaten . her quick turn - of - foot is simply superb and frankie dettori has a really good horse to look forward to next season . she is well deserving of her cartier award .
by simon jackson . ascot is offering free admission to the grandstand enclosure for the ascot chase raceday meeting on saturday to celebrate 50 years of jump racing . the berkshire racetrack has hosted horse racing for over 300 years , but they only introduced jump racing in 1965 after the closure of hurst park . the feature race on…
was positioned at the rear of the 16 - horse field under mirco demuro , but he gradually made headway with 800 meters to go . approaching the last corner , the dark bay colt circled wide into the homestretch and unleashed a tremendous turn of speed that enabled him to race past the entire field and pin down race favorite
rizeena is trained by clive brittain and is currently three from three at ascot , including the aforementioned victory in the coronation stakes last june . a second place to integral in last season’s falmouth was also a top - class performance . she could only manage seventh on her reappearance at newmarket in the dahlia stakes , though the trip that day may well have proved beyond her . she’s a classy filly and looks to have a great chance of maintaining that perfect record at ascot .
the jra equine culture award recognizes noteworthy achievements and contributions to japanese equine culture . nominations for the 2013 award included cultural events and publications relating to horses that were published , broadcast or held between november 2012 and october 2013 . the award was presented to “ ryukyu horse racing lost—in search of legendary champion hikoki ” written by harumitsu umezaki .
exciting international entries are headlined by america’s 2014 horse of the year california chrome ( art sherman ) . the four - year - old won the kentucky derby and preakness stakes impressively last year , though he was beaten in his bid for the us triple crown when going down by two lengths to tonalist in the belmont stakes over a mile and a half .
in the usa today , fewer than one in eight riders wears a helmet , but attitudes have completely changed in the uk . most leisure riders wear hats for riding that meet recognised safety stangards . to comply with safety standards , hats must be fitted with an integral three - point harness and have a non - fixed peak . equestrian sport governing bodies set their own minimum standards for hats worn during competition . children up to the age of 14 are legally required to wear an approved hat when riding on british roads .
the son of kazuto yahagi , a former trainer at nar’s ohi racecourse , yoshito was never far from horses . at first , his father did not approve of him becoming a horse trainer , but he finally agreed on the condition that yoshito would strive to become a jra trainer and that he would first learn the art of training outside japan . his father’s advice helped him to acquire important basics in training while spending time in australia , where he worked at randwick , nsw , flemington , victoria and toowoomba , queensland , after which he also trained in britain . upon his return to japan , he introduced the interval training method while helping at his father’s yard , then enrolled in the stable employee course at jra horse racing school .
graduating from jra’s horse racing school in february 2014 , he became a stable jockey for hidetaka otonashi and was fourth in his debut start at hanshin racecourse on march 1 . he registered his first win in his second career ride aboard toreno kachidoki on the following day at kokura racecourse and reached his 20th win in july 27 before concluding his debut season with 47 wins .
he is now unbeaten in five starts over a mile , which includes his maiden , three gr 1 weight - for - age miles and a gr 2 weight - for - age mile . this is a remarkable feat for a horse who first achieved prominence when romping home to a three - length victory in the gr 1 sa derby over 2450m in just his fifth career start .
bertimont’s price may reflect the fact that he was regarded to have stolen the chepstow race , but he is a fast horse so if he is ever going to beat the likes of former champion hurdler rock on ruby , trying to put a modest season over fences behind him , and the paul nicholls - trained irving then it will be here , around a track that suits speed horses .
gentildonna is the first horse to capture a second japan cup title in the race ' s 33 - year history , an impressive feat she accomplished back to back . it was her fifth g1 victory , having also claimed the fillies ' triple crown and the japan cup in 2012 , the latter helping her to become the first three - year - old filly to be named horse of the year . although winless in her first three starts in 2013 , the brilliant filly had registered a second in the dubai sheema classic , a third in the takarazuka kinen in june , and another second the tenno sho ( autumn ) start prior to her second japan cup victory . she is now the third filly to exceed the billion yen mark in career earnings , after buena vista and vodka .
if one were only an indian , instantly alert , and on a racing horse , leaning against the wind , kept on quivering jerkily over the quivering ground , until one shed one’s spurs , for there needed no spurs , threw away the reins , there need no reins , and hardly saw that the land before one was smoothly shorn heath , when horses neck and head would already be gone .
the china horse club’s enigmatic sprinter olympic anthem has set the career of young singapore based trainer james peters off on the right note when returning from a five month break from racing with a devastating win on friday night . it was the maiden win in the name of the englishman despite having overseen no less than 14 winners as caretaker trainer for his former mentor michael freedman since the start of the season .
recipient : harumitsu umezaki harumitsu umezaki , 51 , is a tokyo native who began reporting on horse racing two years after joining sports nippon newspaper in 1986 . he also is an amateur singer and player of the sanshin , a three - string instrument from okinawa , and has been awarded for his musical skill by the ryukyu folk song association . umezaki’s accolades now include recognition of his contribution to the history of okinawa .
out of g1 winner admire groove , whose dam air groove was the 1997 horse of the year , the king kamehameha colt attracted high hopes from the beginning of his career as a potential classic winner . although beaten by 3 / 4 length in his two - year - old october debut , in his following start he proved to be of a different class when he broke his maiden by a dominating six - length margin .
the equine culture award was given to toshinori ishida , a freelance writer who penned the nonfiction work “the golden journey - stay gold , the horse that far exceeded expectations . ” the equine culture award of merit went to the jockey club ( uk ) for its generosity in granting special permission for 10 of its most treasured and famous paintings to be exhibited for a special event of the jra racing museum at tokyo racecourse in october 2014 .
toronado was another stand - out horse this season . connections have always been confident this son of high chaparral could be something special . he bounced back from a mishap in the 2000 guineas to finish a close second to dawn approach at ascot before he finally got his revenge at goodwood . his battles with dawn approach were pulsating to say the least . it’s a shame that we did not get to see one final bout on champions day .
the japan racing association will present its 2013 horse of the year award to lord kanaloa , who earned 209 of 280 votes for a superb racing season adorned with four g1 victories , including a repeat win in the hong kong sprint . the award will be presented during the annual jra award ceremony in tokyo on january 27 , where horses , trainers , jockeys and thoroughbred - related individuals and organizations are recognized for accomplished performances or achievements each season .
all information , including ages and race performances , are as of december 31 , 2013 , unless otherwise indicated . wins and earnings figures include national association of racing ( local public racing ) and overseas starts designated by the jra for consideration in voting . “position” under “season performances” shows the horse’s position in the 1st , 2nd , 3rd and final corners , from left to right . “l3f” shows the time over the last three furlongs ( 600m ) .
recovering from a serious injury that sidelined him for almost three months during 2007 , takada claimed his long - awaited j - g1 title in the 2008 nakayama daishogai aboard subsequent 2008 best steeplechase horse king joy , with whom he had finished second in the same race the previous year . the pair also finished second in the nakayama grand jump in 2009 . takada continued to show his jump jockey skills in a runner - up effort with dear majesty in the 2011 nakayama daishogai .
the winner of this years derby , ruler of the world , could be a very serious horse yet . the epsom contest was a messy race , as his jockey ryan moore put it . however , he ran well in france before running well in the arc when the gaps just would not come for the ballydoyle runner . he ran a stormer in the champion stakes at ascot and if he trains on we could see him land a couple of big ones yet . keep the faith !
which makes the outpouring of unalloyed joy from those who have witnessed and celebrated american pharoah’s great achievements all the more remarkable . let’s make no bones about it : if you removed baffert , zayat and espinoza from the equation and replaced them with any other trainer , owner and jockey in the sport , the scenes would have been identical , just as jubilant and as sincerely intentioned . saturday proved once again that racing is really not about the people but about the horse – the way racing should be .
the japan racing association will present its 2014 horse of the year title to the mare gentildonna , who collected her second such title in three years by earning 231 out of 285 votes for another year of outstanding achievements , including wins in the dubai sheema classic and the arima kinen . the annual jra awards , which will be handed out in a ceremony at tokyo on monday , january 26 , recognize horses , trainers , jockeys , other individuals and organizations for accomplished performances or achievements in the thoroughbred racing season .
australia is another coolmore horse that is impeccably bred . he is by galileo and out of a certain mare called ouija board . he won a decent contest at leopardstown on champion stakes day , seeing off the highly - regarded free eagle . he will surely be aimed at next year’s derby . aidan o’brien does think a lot of him . it is also interesting to note that the maiden he won ( irish oaks day ) has produced group 1 winners teofilo , new approach and pathfork . no pressure there then !
his best season yet was in 2005 , when he grabbed five g1 titles among 16 grade - race wins in japan and also claimed the american oaks aboard cesario , the first japanese - bred and trained horse to capture a u . s . g1 title . in 2011 , 133 wins out of 824 rides carried fukunaga to the top of the jra jockey rankings for the first time , enabling him to claim his first best jockey ( winning average ) award while missing out on the jra award ( races won ) by coming up short in nar wins .
breaking smoothly in his first g1 challenge in the yasuda kinen , he secured a good position around fifth and prevailed by a neck after assuming command at the stretch to become the first horse sired by screen hero to claim a g1 victory . sent to post fourth choice after coming off a five - month break and passing up a prep race prior to the mile championship , he proved any doubters wrong and exceled again under ryan moore , who gave him a clear run home to allow the four - year - old to cruise to a 1 - 1 / 4 - length victory .
registering his first win in his two - year - old debut , the son of heart’s cry captured his first grade - race title early in his three - year - old season in the arlington cup ( g3 , 1 , 600m ) . however , it was not until the fall of his four - year - old campaign that he captured his first g1 title in the 2013 tenno sho ( autumn ) ( g1 , 2 , 000m ) , where he held down 2012 horse of the year and eventual two - time japan cup winner gentildonna with a dominating four - length victory .
rev . alia aurami on 05 / 31 – colin wilson : collected essays on philosophers - 06 / 01 / 2018 ah , thank you eugene for calling more attention to colin wilson and exploring the relationship of his thinking to integral theory . i ' ve been experiencing the upliftment you point to , from his views , since the mid - 80s . i resonate strongly with the questions he explores as a philosopher , and the places he ' s willing to go in those explorations . he was a great influence on me in my younger years , and i am profoundly grateful for him and for all those who helped bring him to the attention of the world . at one point i wanted to write a survey and summary of some of his thoughts , but so far i haven ' t done that . i recall especially loving his autobiography . thank you again !
recognized as one of the pioneers in the internationalization of japanese horse racing , fujisawa learned the techniques of thoroughbred training under prichard gordon at newmarket , england . he acquired his training license in japan and quickly claimed his first jra award for winning average in 1991 . his first grade - race winner was shinko lovely , who brought him six titles , including his first g1 victory in the 1993 mile championship . since then he has accumulated over 90 grade - race titles in and outside japan , including his biggest international success with taiki shuttle in the 1998 prix jacques le marois ( g1 , 1 , 600m ) .
beginning his career as a stable jockey under hiroyoshi matsuda , who became known for saddling 2010 horse of the year buena vista , takada debuted in 1999 and registered his first win on the flat at chukyo racecourse aboard air winslet that june . standing 165 cm , he began riding over jumps from his second season and started to show potential in 2001 , winning nine out of 36 rides . that same year he scored four jump grade - race titles , his first being with hisako bomber in the kokura summer jump . in 2006 , he captured a g2 title on the flat with dream passport in the kobe shimbun hai .
the son of 2001 best dirt horse kurofune broke his maiden in his two - year - old debut and concluded the season by registering 2 - 1 - 1 out of five starts . in his 2014 season , however , winless with just one fifth place in 10 starts , he was switched to obstacle racing in september . he won his first steeplechase start in his second career start , finished fourth in his first grade - race challenge in the 2015 hanshin spring jump , and then scored a dominating victory in the nakayama grand jump in which he was five to six lengths ahead at the last obstacle before drawing further away .
i looked for some lakota material on the internet . it ranged between jhon’s lecture at mit to complete ‘fakery’ , sentimentalism and unsympathetic misappropriation of their ancient culture . how does one safeguard the future well , passing on the generational song so it doesn’t go the way of large parts of the ecological spider’s web ? in this i saw that particular ‘hinge’—the native girl who is perhaps ( m ) any a typical american girl—she is sitting in some small room , sounds like ‘shit’ tv in the background . she doesn’t appear to be the daughter of any fancy consultant , lawyer or city trader to me . she has just heard and seen a lakota lullaby , and if you really attend to her by listening past the background ‘shit’ you will see something really , really , beautiful happening— something profoundly integral going on in the shining face and the dark brown eyes . i suggest you tune in to it , then go to the one at the top of the page and then close that hoop – circle . urltoken
apollo maverick continued with another successful season to claim his second consecutive jra award for best steeplechase horse in 2014 . he won the nakayama grand jump and then attempted to defend his december 2013 victory in the nakayama daishogai for a triple in as many j - g1 starts . he almost made it by assuming command before the last fence , but he was overtaken by red kingdom in the last 100 meters for second . these achievements , plus a win in the pegasus stakes early in the season , earned him a good majority in votes against red kingdom , who had four wins , including the nakayama daishogai , but did not make his obstacle - race debut until april and was not in the grand jump lineup .
his second grade - race victory came in the kokura summer jump , but an injury in the effort caused a minor change in his racing schedule and he was forced to miss his intended prep start prior to the nakayama daishogai in december , which turned out to be his first race in five months . starting from an outside stall , which could not have helped , up to date moved smartly to secure a good position and made use of his stamina to outduel the up - and - coming race favorite , sanacion , who had been undefeated in five starts since switching to steeplechase racing in april . the gray horse then held off a late charge by acorn path for a 1 / 2 - length victory .


ctenactis echinata is a free-living species of solitary disc coral in the family fungiidae .

it is native to the indo-pacific region .

this is a common species throughout its wide range and the international union for conservation of nature has rated its conservation status as being of " least concern " .

ctenactis echinata

ctenactis albitentaculata , ctenactis crassa and ctenactis echinata on sealife base : technical fact sheets .
ctenactis albitentaculata , ctenactis crassa and ctenactis echinata on the iucn red list of threatened species website : technical fact sheet .
ctenactis albitentaculata , ctenactis crassa and ctenactis echinata on corals of the world online on the australian institute of marine science website : technical fact sheet .
ctenactis echinata . great barrier reef , australia . septal detail . ed lovell .
microbiome structure of the fungid coral ctenactis echinata aligns with environmental differences . - pubmed - ncbi
ctenactis echinata . vanuatu . this species forms the heaviest single polyp of any coral . charlie veron .
ctenactis echinata . great barrier reef , australia . the most common general appearance and shape . charlie veron .
substrate cover composition ( coloured bars ) and abundance ( black bars ) of the coral ctenactis echinata at different habitats . offshore sheltered habitats are the species’ preferred habitat and represent distinct environmental conditions . error bars indicate se .
phylogenetic distribution and operational taxonomic units ( otu ) richness of bacteria associated with the coral ctenactis echinata across different habitats . stacked bars : phylogenetic affiliation of abundant otus . numbers next to phylum and genus denote bootstrap values of classification . black bars : average number of otus associated with c . echinata . error bars : se .
( of fungia ( ctenactis ) echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia ( ctenactis ) echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) pallas , p . s . ( 1766 ) . elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones , cum selectis auctorum synonymis . fransiscum varrentrapp , hagae . pp . 451 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia ( ctenactis ) echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) scheer , g . & pillai , c . s . g . 1974 . report on scleractinia from the nicobar islands . zoologica , stuttgart 42 ( 122 ) : 1 - 75 , pls . 1 - 33 . [ details ]
nonmetric multidimensional scaling plot of bacterial communities associated with ctenactis echinata samples . bray–curtis distances between samples illustrate differences between nearshore and offshore sites as well as between offshore sheltered and offshore exposed environments . open symbols : offshore , closed symbols : nearshore , circles : exposed reef sites , squares : sheltered reef sites , grey : summer , black : winter .
( of fungia ( ctenactis ) echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) veron , j . e . n . , pichon , m . ( 1980 ) . scleractinia of eastern australia – part iii . family agariciidae , siderastreidae , fungiidae , oculinidae , merulinidae , mussidae , pectinidae , caryophyllidae , dendrophylliidae . australian institute of marine science monograph series . 4 : 1 - 459 . [ details ]
( of fungia echinata var . parvispina döderlein , 1902 ) döderlein , l . 1902 . die korallengattung fungia . abhandlungen herausgegeben von der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft 27 : 1–162 , i–xxv . [ details ]
( of fungia echinata var . undulata döderlein , 1902 ) döderlein , l . 1902 . die korallengattung fungia . abhandlungen herausgegeben von der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft 27 : 1–162 , i–xxv . [ details ]
( of fungia ( ctenactis ) ehrenbergi ( leuckart , 1841 ) ) leuckart , f . s . 1841 . observations zoologicae de zoophytis coralliis , speciatim de genere fungia , p . 1 - 60 , pls . 1 - 4 . emmerling , friburgi brisigavorum . [ details ]
our data show that bacterial community composition is indicative of a coral ' s preferred environment ( as derived from coral species abundance ) and it changes with distance to it . where c . echinata is most abundant , the microbiome is highly structured and dominated by a single bacterial taxon in the genus endozoicomonas . moving towards habitats where c . echinata is less abundant ( i . e . potentially marginal habitats ) , the microbial community assemblage becomes less structured and more diverse . most importantly , the bacterial community structure aligns with environmental factors including time of the year , water and substrate quality . as such , we argue that the diversity of c . echinata ' s microbiome correlates with the environmental preference of that coral species and that its level of organization might reflect the distance to the host ' s preferred environment .
( of fungia echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of haliglossa echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of madrepora echinata pallas , 1766 ) pallas , p . s . ( 1766 ) . elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones , cum selectis auctorum synonymis . fransiscum varrentrapp , hagae . pp . 451 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia echinata var . undulata döderlein , 1902 ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia echinata var . parvispina döderlein , 1902 ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) pallas , p . s . ( 1766 ) . elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones , cum selectis auctorum synonymis . fransiscum varrentrapp , hagae . pp . 451 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of haliglossa echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) pallas , p . s . ( 1766 ) . elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones , cum selectis auctorum synonymis . fransiscum varrentrapp , hagae . pp . 451 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia ( ctenactis ) ehrenbergi ( leuckart , 1841 ) ) studer , t . ( 1878 ) . übersicht der steinkorallen aus der familie der madreporaria aporosa , eupsammina und turbinaria , welche auf der reise s . m . s . gazelle um die erde gesammelt wurden . monatsberichte der königlichen preussischen akademie der wissenschaften zu berlin . 1877 : 625 - 655 pls 1 - 4 . [ details ]
( of haliglossa echinata ( pallas , 1766 ) ) ehrenberg , c . g . ( 1834 ) . beiträge zur physiologischen kenntniss der corallenthiere im allgemeinen , und besonders des rothen meeres , nebst einem versuche zur physiologischen systematik derselben . abhandlungen der königlichen akademie der wissenschaften , berlin . 1 : 225 - 380 . , available online at urltoken ; : int = 00000243 [ details ]
description septa are striking , with triangular , large and very regular teeth . coralla are elongate and large ( up to 50 cm long ) . the central groove may contain one , two , or more centres . rarely the coral may attain a
star
pattern , possibly due to breakage and uneven regrowth , and in these cases the central furrow , and usually another centre , continues into each of the three arms . this is one of the commonest and most widespread of the free living fungiids . it occupies fore and back reef slopes , rubble , but not soft substrate , from 5 to 25 m deep . ctenactis simplex is probably the same species . [ details ]
pallas , p . s . ( 1766 ) . elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones , cum selectis auctorum synonymis . fransiscum varrentrapp , hagae . pp . 451 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
type locality
mare indicus
indian sea . neotype from thousand islands , java sea [ details ]
description septa are striking , with triangular , large and very regular teeth . coralla are elongate and large ( up to 50 cm long ) . the . . .
hoeksema , b . w . ; cairns , s . ( 2018 ) . world list of scleractinia .
( of fungia pectinata ehrenberg , 1834 ) ehrenberg , c . g . ( 1834 ) . beiträge zur physiologischen kenntniss der corallenthiere im allgemeinen , und besonders des rothen meeres , nebst einem versuche zur physiologischen systematik derselben . abhandlungen der königlichen akademie der wissenschaften , berlin . 1 : 225 - 380 . , available online at urltoken ; : int = 00000243 [ details ]
( of herpetolithas ehrenbergii leuckart , 1841 ) leuckart , f . s . 1841 . observations zoologicae de zoophytis coralliis , speciatim de genere fungia , p . 1 - 60 , pls . 1 - 4 . emmerling , friburgi brisigavorum . [ details ]
( of herpetolithas ruepellii leuckart , 1841 ) leuckart , f . s . 1841 . observations zoologicae de zoophytis coralliis , speciatim de genere fungia , p . 1 - 60 , pls . 1 - 4 . emmerling , friburgi brisigavorum . [ details ]
( of fungia gigantea dana , 1846 ) dana , j . d . 1846 . united states exploring expedition during the years 1838 - 1842 . zoophytes 7 : 1 - 740 . lea and blanchard , philadelphia . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia asperata dana , 1846 ) dana , j . d . 1846 . united states exploring expedition during the years 1838 - 1842 . zoophytes 7 : 1 - 740 . lea and blanchard , philadelphia . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
gittenberger , a . , reijnen , b . t . & hoeksema , b . w . 2011 . a molecularly based phylogeny reconstruction of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) with taxonomic consequences and evolutionary implications for life history traits . contributions to zoology 80 : 107 - 132 . , available online at urltoken ; idno = 8002a02 [ details ]
veron jen . ( 2000 ) . corals of the world . vol . 1–3 . australian institute of marine science and crr , queensland , australia . [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of fungia pectinata ehrenberg , 1834 ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of herpetolithas ehrenbergii leuckart , 1841 ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia asperata dana , 1846 ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fungia gigantea dana , 1846 ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of herpetolithas ruepellii leuckart , 1841 ) hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
polyps are elongate . septal teeth and costal spines are both strongly developed . only a single mouth is present .
taxonomic note : source reference : veron ( 2000 ) . taxonomic references : veron and pichon ( 1980 ) , hoeksema ( 1989 ) . additional identification guides : veron ( 1986 ) , sheppard and sheppard ( 1991 ) , nishihira and veron ( 1995 ) .
© 2011 - 2012 australian institute of marine science and crr cc by - nc 3 . 0
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
utinomi , h . 1975 ,
scleractinian corals from kamae bay , oita prefecture , northeast of kyushu , japan
, publications of the seto marine biological laboratory , vol . 19 , pp . 203 - 229
zou , r . - l . , song , s . w . & ma , j . h . 1975 ,
preliminary study on the geographical distribution of shallow - water scleractinian corals from china
, nanhai studia marina sinica , vol . a , pp . 89 - 95
carlgren , o . 1900 ,
ostafrikanische actinien . gesammelt von herrn dr . f . stuhlmann 1888 und 1889
, mitteilungen aus dem naturhistorischen museum in hamburg , vol . 17 , pp . 21–144
wood , e . m . 1983 ,
was marine faunal diversity in the pleistocene affected by changes in sea level ?
, paleobiology , vol . 7 , pp . 394 - 399
thiel , m . e . 1932 ,
madreporaria zugleich ein versuch einer vergleichenden oekologie der gefundenen formen
, mémoires du musée royal d ' histoire naturelle de belgique , vol . 2 , pp . 12 1 - 177
doderlein , l . 1902 ,
die korallengattung fungia
, abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , vol . 27 , no . 1 , pp . 1–162
verrill , a . e . 1864 ,
list of the polyps and corals sent by the museum of comparative zoology to other institutions in exchange , with annotations
, bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology , harvard , vol . 1 , pp . 29 - 60
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 17eda800 - 05df - 49bf - 984d - 5b080b7c9918
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 6505d6b4 - 691f - 4241 - ab45 - d9a9cd5475fb
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : d791cee3 - 42b7 - 41a5 - b22c - 847e3b8894ce
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 988217c8 - 142f - 45d9 - a4a8 - 0fa04bb8f084
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 340772
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in the indo - west pacific , this species is found in the red sea and gulf of aden , nw indian ocean and arabian / iranian gulf , northern indian ocean , central indo - pacific , north and west and south australia , south - east asia , the southern part of japan and east china sea , eastern australia , and oceanic west pacific .
this species is found on reef slopes and reef flats . the depth range is 1 m to 20 m ( hoeksema 1990 ) . the maximum size is 44 cm in diameter and it is a free - living adult . it generally has a single mouth . these are among the largest single polyp animals .
depth range based on 36 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 15 samples . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 1 - 5 temperature range ( °c ) : 26 . 503 - 28 . 954 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 088 - 0 . 528 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 077 - 35 . 095 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 436 - 4 . 622 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 081 - 0 . 195 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 900 - 2 . 220 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 1 - 5 temperature range ( °c ) : 26 . 503 - 28 . 954 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 088 - 0 . 528 salinity ( pps ) : 34 . 077 - 35 . 095 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 436 - 4 . 622 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 081 - 0 . 195 silicate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 900 - 2 . 220 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
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tanah merah , may 14 photo shared of loh kok sheng on his blog .
st john ' s island , apr 16 photo shared of loh kok sheng on his blog .
terumbu raya , may 10 photo shared of loh kok sheng on his flickr .
beting bemban besar , nov 14 photo shared of loh kok sheng on facebook .
from danwei huang , karenne p . p . tun , l . m chou and peter a . todd . 30 dec 2009 .
hoeksema , bert w . and esther g . l . koh . 30 dec 2009 . depauration of the mushroom coral fauna ( fungiidae ) of singapore ( 1860s - 2006 ) in changing reef conditions ( pdf ) . raffles bulletin of zoology supplement no . 22 : 91 - 101 .
danwei huang , karenne p . p . tun , l . m chou and peter a . todd . 30 dec 2009 . an inventory of zooxanthellate sclerectinian corals in singapore including 33 new records ( pdf ) . raffles bulletin of zoology supplement no . 22 : 69 - 80 .
veron , jen . 2000 . corals of the world australian institute of marine science , australia . 3 volumes .
erhardt , harry and daniel knop . 2005 . corals : indo - pacific field guide ikan - unterwasserachiv , frankfurt . 305 pp .
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cornelia roder , 1 till bayer , 1 , 2 manuel aranda , 1 maren kruse , 3 and christian r . voolstra 1
* correspondence : christian r . voolstra , fax : + 966 21 8082377 ; e‐mail : as . ude . tsuak @ artsloov . naitsirhc
received 2015 mar 5 ; revised 2015 may 7 ; accepted 2015 may 22 .
copyright © 2015 the authors . molecular ecology published by john wiley & sons ltd .
this is an open access article under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits use , distribution and reproduction in any medium , provided the original work is properly cited .
the significance of bacteria for eukaryotic functioning is increasingly recognized . coral reef ecosystems critically rely on the relationship between coral hosts and their intracellular photosynthetic dinoflagellates , but the role of the associated bacteria remains largely theoretical . here , we set out to relate coral‐associated bacterial communities of the fungid host species
to environmental settings ( geographic location , substrate cover , summer / winter , nutrient and suspended matter concentrations ) and coral host abundance . we show that bacterial diversity of
) representing more than 60 % of all bacteria . in contrast , host microbiomes from lower populated coral habitats are less structured and more diverse . our study demonstrates that the content and structure of the coral microbiome aligns with environmental differences and denotes habitat adequacy . availability of a range of coral host habitats might be important for the conservation of distinct microbiome structures and diversity .
of equivalent size classes ( < 10 cm length ) were collected across four reefs and their respective fore‐ and back‐reef environments over two sampling dates at 4–7 m depth using scuba in the central red sea . each of two reefs denoted nearshore ( i . e . inner fsar and al quad ) and offshore ( i . e . abu roma and shib nazaar ) environments and were combined to provide between three and eight coral samples for any combination of fore‐reef or back‐reef and nearshore or offshore environments ( fig .
map of study sites . offshore ( abu roma and shib nazar ) and nearshore ( al quad and inner fsar ) coral reef sites were sampled from exposed ( i . e . ocean facing ) and sheltered ( i . e . land facing ) habitats ( indicated by stars ) on two sampling occasions ( i . e . summer and winter ) . replicate numbers are shown for each sampling event and site . open symbols : offshore , closed symbols : nearshore , circles : exposed reef sites , squares : sheltered reef sites ; grey : summer , black : winter .
water samples were filtered onto 0 . 22‐μm isopore filters ( millipore ) for gravitational determination ( mettler toledo xs205 ) of total suspended matter ( tsm ) and for dna extraction of the associated microbial community .
tissue was removed from the coral skeleton using pressurized air . dna from water and coral samples was extracted according to the manufacturer ' s instructions using the qiagen dneasy plant mini kit . variable regions 5 and 6 of the 16s rrna gene were amplified using the 784f and 1061r primer pair ( andersson
) . polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) was prepared using the qiagen multiplex pcr kit with 0 . 2 μ
of each primer and 2 ng dna for water samples or 30 ng dna for coral samples plus dna / rna‐free water ( teknova ) to a final pcr volume of 25 μl . temperature cycling profile for amplification was as follows : 95 °c for 15 min followed by 27 cycles of 95 °c for 30 s , 55 °c for 40 s and 72 °c for 40 s , followed by one cycle at 72 °c for 10 min . for each sample , amplifications were performed in triplicate and combined . pcr products for all samples were quantified using a microplate reader ( spectramax paradigm ; molecular devices ) and the qubit broad range assay ( invitrogen ) prior to pooling of all samples in equal quantities . sequencing was performed on the roche 454 flx platform . inorganic nutrient concentrations ( nitrate + nitrite , nitrite , ammonia , phosphate and silicate ) in the filtrate of the water samples were determined using standard colorimetric tests and a quickchem 8000 ( zellweger analysis , inc . ) autoanalyzer .
) . remaining singletons ( i . e . sequences that were only present once across all samples ) were removed from the data set yielding samples with a maximum of 12 503 sequence reads ( median : 2013 , mean 2939 reads per sample ) . to obtain a minimum of three colony replicates over the categories reef location , sheltered / exposed environment and summer / winter , data were subsampled to 500 sequence reads to allow for the inclusion of samples with low numbers of sequence reads . detailed information on sequence counts , taxonomic classification and 16s reference amplicon sequences for all otus across all samples used in this study is available as supplemental data ( table s2 , supporting information ) . sequence raw data determined in this study have been deposited in the ncbi sequence read archive under accession no .
bacterial assemblages associated with reef water and coral specimens were tested for differences between shelf sites ( ‘offshore’ vs . ‘nearshore’ ) , exposures ( ‘exposed’ vs . ‘sheltered’ ) and time of year ( ‘summer’ vs . ‘winter’ , referenced as ‘season’ in the following ) using permutation multivariate analysis of variance (
) . environmental differences in water quality ( tsm , nutrients , temperature ) between shelf sites ( ‘offshore’ vs . ‘nearshore’ ) , exposures ( ‘exposed’ vs . ‘sheltered’ ) and time of year ( ‘summer’ vs . ‘winter’ ) were also identified applying
) on euclidean distances further revealed the main contributors of the parameters under investigation responsible for site and sampling date differences . substrate cover data between sites was compared applying the
) between fore‐ and back‐reef environments of near‐ and offshore coral reefs ( fig .
0 . 02 ) , but was similar for exposed and sheltered sides within the same reef locations ( i . e . nearshore vs . offshore ) ( table
) . sampling date ( i . e . summer vs . winter ) differences were mainly driven by temperature , while nearshore and offshore reefs differed in concentration of tsm , and to a lesser extent in temperature ( table
analysis showing differences between ‘shelf’ ( i . e . reef locations : nearshore vs . offshore ) , ‘season’ ( i . e . sampling date : summer vs . winter ) and ‘exposure’ ( i . e . fore‐ / back‐reef environment : exposed vs . sheltered ) . results of simper analyses showing main factors contributing to a total of > 90 % of the observed differences between sampling dates and shelf locations , respectively .
= 0 . 001 , table s3 , supporting information ) . live benthic cover was substantially higher in the exposed offshore reefs compared to all other habitats ( fig .
) . while dead substrate at nearshore and offshore sheltered sites mainly consisted of firm rock , the exposed sides of the nearshore reefs were mainly covered by loose substrate . importantly ,
at different habitats . offshore sheltered habitats are the species’ preferred habitat and represent distinct environmental conditions . error bars indicate
over different habitats and sampling dates , we analysed bacterial communities of coral colonies and the surrounding water column via 16s rrna gene sequencing resulting in a total number of 850 distinct bacterial otus at the 0 . 03 level . bacterial community profiles of reef water and coral tissue were highly different : only 90 bacterial taxa were encountered in both coral colonies and the water column , while 703 and 237 otus were solely associated with coral or water , respectively ( table
mean = 0 . 76 ) , whereas evenness of bacterial assemblages associated with corals differed between sites from 0 . 31 to 0 . 66 ( pielou ' s evenness
) was highly different between sites as well as between the two sampling dates ( i . e . summer vs . winter ) ( table
overview over sample sites and sampling dates , number of samples , number of operational taxonomic units ( otus ) in coral and water , and evenness and diversity indices .
analyses showing differences between sampling dates ( summer vs . winter ) in reef water and coral samples , and between shelf locations ( offshore vs . nearshore ) and fore‐ and back‐reef environments ( i . e . exposed vs . sheltered ) in
of the 703 otus associated with coral samples , the 11 most abundant otus were encountered on average between 114 and 16 times across all sites and sampling dates . these bacterial taxa accounted for more than 50 % of the total bacterial abundance associated with coral samples . most importantly , the distribution of these abundant taxa differed strongly between sites ( fig .
) representing more than 60 % of the total microbial assemblage . the same bacterial taxon was also substantially present in coral samples from the exposed counterparts of the offshore reefs , but was almost entirely missing in samples from nearshore reefs ( fig .
) . the remaining 10 bacterial taxa were present at varying degrees over sites and seasons . for instance , a so far uncharacterized bacterium even at the phylum level ( otu0011 ) was only present at nearshore exposed sites in summer , but with high read numbers ( table s3 , supporting information ) . in comparison , other otus were more evenly distributed across habitats and sampling dates . all but three otus remained unclassified at the genus level . those identified included another taxon of the genus
( otu0014 ) , both of which belong to the family vibrionaceae ( table s2 , supporting information ) .
s . numbers next to phylum and genus denote bootstrap values of classification . black bars : average number of
as with endozoicomonas , elucidation of the role of other abundant bacteria was not possible as for the majority of otu sequences functional data are absent . also , 16s rrna gene similarity to characterized bacteria was on average low prohibiting further functional inference . at present , meta‐analyses using existing data on microbial abundance data in corals and integrating these with collected environmental parameters to interrogate co‐occurrence are most promising , but still rare . we could not retrieve further information for the 10 most abundant otus ( besides endozoicomonas ) , other than bacteria from the same genera identified in this study were detected in sea water and coral before .
) . interestingly , even for the most abundant otus , no taxon was consistently present across all sites and sampling times ( fig .
) . it remains to be determined whether fluctuations in the associated microbiota in different environments are under active host control , environmentally driven or indicative of decreased control of the host over its bacterial symbionts . a recent study by franzenburg
c . r . and c . r . v . designed and conceived the experiments . c . r . , m . a . and m . k . generated data . c . r . , c . r . v . and t . b . analysed the data . c . r . and c . r . v . wrote the manuscript .
16s rrna gene data were uploaded as online supplementary information . sequence raw data determined in this study have been deposited in the ncbi sequence read archive under accession no . prjna277291 .
table s1 . overview over sampling sites , transect and environmental data and sequence data collection .
table s2 . sequence counts , taxonomic classification and 16s reference amplicon sequence for all otus identified and over all samples .
we would like to thank the kaust bioscience core laboratory for 454 library generation and sequencing . we would also like to thank christoph walcher for assistance with coral sampling and transect data generation . research reported in this publication was supported by the king abdullah university of science and technology ( kaust ) .
, p . 117 . australian institute of marine science , townsville , australia .
description of endozoicomonas euniceicola sp . nov . and endozoicomonas gorgoniicola sp . nov . , bacteria isolated from the octocorals eunicea fusca and plexaura sp . , and an emended description of the genus endozoicomonas
roder c 1 , bayer t 1 , 2 , aranda m 1 , kruse m 3 , voolstra cr 1 .
red sea research center , king abdullah university of science and technology , thuwal , 23955 - 6900 , saudi arabia .
pmid : 26018191 pmcid : pmc4736464 doi : 10 . 1111 / mec . 13251
) . colour cream , light or dark brown , in one species with white tentacles , in another with apink or violet margin .
. ( dana , 1846 ) is always polystomatous in large individuals . all stomata are located in a row along the central fossa .
hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . ? zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 .
wells , j . w . , 1966 . evolutionary development in the scleractinian family fungiidae . in w . j . rees ( ed . ) . : the cnidaria and their evolution . symposia of the zoological society london 16 : 223 - 246 , 1 plate . academic press , london .
we have kept jott a free peer - reviewed scientific journal to promote conservation . we have not put up a paywall to readers , and we do not charge for publishing . but running a monthly journal costs a lot . while we do have some partners , we still require support to keep the journal alive . if our readers help fund it , our future will be more secure .
dentition is long , cylindrical , equally sized and closely arranged . numerous pits on the costae and costal spines are
, 1989 ) , thus the morphological features have been compared with these three species and discussed .
allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium , reproduction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication .
the authors are grateful to the ministry of environment and forests , government of india for financial support and facilities provided . authors are thankful to the director of this institution for his encouragement , support and extended facilities .
) are one of the most conspicuous groups restricted to shallow - water habitats of coastal areas , islands and banks in the tropical indo - pacific reefs .
et al . ( 2003 ) recorded 22 species of mushroom corals in indian waters .
however , ramakrishna et al . ( 2010 ) recorded 44 species of mushroom corals from andaman & nicobar islands .
have been recorded globally all of which have been found in the andaman & nicobar islands ( ramakrishna et al . 2010 ) .
the coral specimen was collected in rutland island ( fig . 1 ) , south andaman by snorkeling as well as
deposited in the national zoological collections of zoological survey of india , port blair .
( usually with a single , large mouth ) . the mouth is divisible in three extensions and extends in each arm of the
. oral surface is humped and convex around the mouth . septa straight or sinuous , the terminal ends of the
are regularly rounded . the septa are thick and equal in size with large , strong dentition on the margin . the
are present on the top and side walls of the spine . pits are present throughout the costae .
, 1989 ) ( images 2d , 3d ) in order to distinguish the new species from closely related species with morphological characters . the comparative data is given in table 1 .
, which gives a unique morphological character to distinguish it from other related species .
morphological plasticity can be observed among these species , but this is not morphological differentiation of previously described species as all the characters of key components such as septa , costae , mouth and their arrangement is totally different from previously recorded species .
the analytical result of all the characters of the described species is definitely a new description .
. coral reefs are very important marine organisms , and play a vital role in enriching marine biodiversity .
threats , which can be categorized as natural and anthropogenic , to the reef biodiversity , have been encountered for a long time .
as survival of the coral reef environment means a lot for the sustainable development of a whole lot of marine biota , conservation action plans have been taken for consideration globally , to give them protection against anthropogenic degradation .
were included as schedule - i species under indian wildlife ( protection ) act , 1972 to make sure that proper protection as well conservatory measures are ensured for the future generation .
list of the polyps and corals sent by the museum of comparative zoology to other institutions in exchange , with annotations .
the journal of threatened taxa is an open access and print , peer - reviewed , monthly , international journal on conservation and taxonomy . the aim of the journal is to promote wildlife research and conservation action worldwide at no cost to authors , no subscription or membership cost , and no hidden cost , on a regular basis without compromising on ethics , standards and pre - requisites of scientific publications .
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project noah is a tool to explore and document wildlife and a platform to harness the power of citizen scientists everywhere .
a brown oval - disc stony coral , about 25cm in size , a free - living species of solitary disc coral in the family fungiidae . it has an axial furrow extending along most of its length with usually a single mouth opening
spotted at pulu cinta , a sandy atoll reef at sulawesi , indonesia . it is native to the indo - pacific region .
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pallas , p . s . ( 1766 ) . elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones , cum selectis auctorum synonymis . < em > fransiscum varrentrapp , hagae . < / em > pp . 451 .
cairns , stephen d . , 1999 : species richness of recent scleractinia . atoll research bulletin , no . 59 . 1 - 46 .
gittenberger , a . , reijnen , b . t . & hoeksema , b . w . 2011 . a molecularly based phylogeny reconstruction of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) with taxonomic consequences and evolutionary implications for life history traits . contributions to zoology 80 : 107 - 132 .
hoeksema , b . w . , 1989 . taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , leiden 254 : 1 - 295 .
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . < em > china science press . < / em > 1267 pp .
veron jen . ( 2000 ) . corals of the world . vol . 1–3 . australian institute of marine science and crr , queensland , australia .
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the age of first maturity of most reef building corals is typically three to eight years ( wallace 1999 ) and therefore we assume that average age of mature individuals is greater than eight years . furthermore , based on average sizes and growth rates , we assume that average generation length is 10 years , unless otherwise stated . total longevity is not known , but likely to be more than ten years . therefore any population decline rates for the red list assessment are measured over at least 30 years .
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