notocochlis gualteriana , common name the comma necklace shell , is a species of predatory sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family naticidae , the moon snails .

notocochlis gualteriana

zool . tiger moon snail [ notocochlis tigrina , syn . : natica tigrina ]
mienis h . k . , 2000b . a second record of notocochlis gualteriana from the mediterranean coast of israel . triton , journal of the israel malacological society , 2 : 24 .
zool . spotted sand shell [ notocochlis gualteriana , syn . : n . antonii , n . vafer , cochlis migratoria , c . vafer , natica antoni , n . asellus , n . balteata , n . gualteriana , n . locellus , n . nemo , n . tessellata ]
zool . gualtieri ' s moon snail [ notocochlis gualteriana , syn . : n . antonii , n . vafer , cochlis migratoria , c . vafer , natica antoni , n . asellus , n . balteata , n . gualteriana , n . locellus , n . nemo , n . tessellata ]
figure 7 . a – b . notocochlis cf . gualteriana ( 10 mm ) . c – d . notocochlis cf . gualteriana ( 8 mm ) . e – f . polinices mammilla ( 38 mm ) . g – h . assiminea brevicula ( 6 mm ) . i – k . stenothyra sp . ( 4 mm ) . l – m . monoplex pilearis ( 59 mm ) . n – o . gutturnium muricinum ( 48 mm ) . p – q . epitonium sp . ( 4 mm ) . r – s . pictocolumbella ocellata ( 6 mm ) . t – u . nassarius olivaceus ( 27 mm ) . v – w . monoplex vespaceus ( 36 mm ) .
mienis h . k . , 1986 . a record of natica gualteriana , an indo - pacific species , from the mediterranean coast of israel . levantina , 60 : 655 .
( of natica gualteriana récluz , 1844 ) branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) . two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica ( notocochlis ) migratoria ( powell , 1927 ) ) powell , a . w . b . ( 1979 ) new zealand mollusca . marine , land and freshwater shells . collins , auckland , xiv + 500 pp . , 82 pls . [ details ]
( of notocochlis migratoria ( powell , 1927 ) ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica gualteriana récluz , 1844 ) saito h . ( 2017 ) . family naticidae . pp . 858 - 866 , in : t . okutani ( ed . ) , marine mollusks in japan , ed . 2 . 2 vols . tokai university press . 1375 pp . [ details ]
( of natica ( notocochlis ) gualtieriana récluz , 1844 ) kilburn , r . n . 1972 . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 2 ) , with the description of new species and subspecies of conus , nassarius , vexillum and demoulia . annals of the natal museum 21 ( 2 ) : 391 - 437 , 15 figs . [ details ]
spelling récluz ' original spelling natica gualteriana was obviously a misspelling for n . gualtieriana , as the species was named after the italian naturalist niccolo gualtieri ( 1688 - 1744 ) , author of
index testarum conchyliorum quae adservantur in museo n . gualtieri
. the spelling gualtieriana was first used by couturier ( 1907 ) , without comment / explanation ; it was then explicitly used as the correct spelling (
nom . correct .
) by cernohorsky ( 1971 ) . since cernohorsky , both spellings gualteriana and gualtieriana have been used in the literature . the spelling gualtieriana is here retained under art . 32 . 5 . 1 . [ details ]
( of natica gualteriana récluz , 1844 ) kabat a . r . , finet y . & way k . ( 1997 ) catalogue of the naticidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) described by c . a . récluz , including the location of the type specimens . apex 12 ( 1 ) : 15 - 26 . [ details ]
( of natica gualteriana récluz , 1844 ) kilburn , r . n . 1972 . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 2 ) , with the description of new species and subspecies of conus , nassarius , vexillum and demoulia . annals of the natal museum 21 ( 2 ) : 391 - 437 , 15 figs . [ details ]
( of natica gualteriana récluz , 1844 ) drivas , j . ; jay , m . ( 1987 ) . coquillages de la réunion et de l ' île maurice . collection les beautés de la nature . delachaux et niestlé : neuchâtel . isbn 2 - 603 - 00654 - 1 . 159 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of notocochlis migratoria ( powell , 1927 ) ) spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]
( of natica gualteriana récluz , 1844 ) gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of natica gualteriana récluz , 1844 ) zenetos , a . , m . e . çinar , m . a . pancucci - papadopoulou , j . g . harmelin , g . furnari , f . andaloro , n . bellou , n . streftaris & h . zibrowius . ( 2005 ) . annotated list of marine alien species in the mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species . mediterranean marine science 6 ( 2 ) : 63 - 118 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of natica gualtieriana récluz , 1844 ) récluz c . a . ( 1844 (
1843
) ) . descriptions of new species of navicella , neritina , nerita , and natica , in the cabinet of h . cuming , esq . proceedings of the zoological society of london . 11 : 197 - 204 . page ( s ) : 208 [ details ]
( of cochlis vafer finlay , 1930 ) finlay h . j . ( 1930 ) additions to the recent fauna of new zealand . no . 3 . transactions and proceedings of the royal society of new zealand 61 : 222 - 247 . [ published 23 august 1930 ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 232 [ details ]
kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
hollman m . ( 2008 ) naticidae . in poppe g . t . ( ed . ) philippine marine mollusks , vol . 1 : 482 - 501 , pls 186 - 195 . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
zenetos , a . ; gofas , s . ; verlaque , m . ; cinar , m . ; garcia raso , j . ; bianchi , c . ; morri , c . ; azzurro , e . ; bilecenoglu , m . ; froglia , c . ; siokou , i . ; violanti , d . ; sfriso , a . ; san martin , g . ; giangrande , a . ; katagan , t . ; ballesteros , e . ; ramos - espla , a . ; mastrototaro , f . ; ocana , o . ; zingone , a . ; gambi , m . ; streftaris , n . ( 2010 ) . alien species in the mediterranean sea by 2010 . a contribution to the application of european union’s marine strategy framework directive ( msfd ) . part i . spatial distribution . mediterranean marine science . 11 ( 2 ) : 381 - 493 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
galil , b . ( 2007 ) . seeing red : alien species along the mediterranean coast of israel . aquatic invasions . 2 ( 4 ) : 281 - 312 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]
( of cochlis vafer finlay , 1930 ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica gualtieriana récluz , 1844 ) couturier , m . ( 1907 ) étude sur les mollusques gastropodes recueillis par m . l . - g . seurat dans les archipels de tahiti , paumotu et gambier . journal de conchyliologie , 55 , 123–178 , pl . 2 . page ( s ) : 165 [ details ]
( of natica burnupi e . a . smith , 1903 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1929 ) . contribution à l ' étude de la faune de madagascar : mollusca marina testacea . faune des colonies françaises , iii ( fasc . 4 ) . société d ' editions géographiques , maritimes et coloniales : paris . 321 - 636 , plates iv - vii pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of natica burnupi e . a . smith , 1903 ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica nemo bartsch , 1915 ) macnae , w . & m . kalk ( eds ) . ( 1958 ) . a natural history of inhaca island , mozambique . witwatersrand univ . press , johannesburg . i - iv , 163 pp . [ details ]
( of natica nemo bartsch , 1915 ) kilburn , r . n . 1972 . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 2 ) , with the description of new species and subspecies of conus , nassarius , vexillum and demoulia . annals of the natal museum 21 ( 2 ) : 391 - 437 , 15 figs . [ details ]
( of natica nemo bartsch , 1915 ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica asellus reeve , 1855 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1929 ) . contribution à l ' étude de la faune de madagascar : mollusca marina testacea . faune des colonies françaises , iii ( fasc . 4 ) . société d ' editions géographiques , maritimes et coloniales : paris . 321 - 636 , plates iv - vii pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of natica asellus reeve , 1855 ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica asellus reeve , 1855 ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of natica gualtieriana récluz , 1844 ) zhang s . - p . [ suping ] . ( 2016 ) . fauna sinica . invertebrata 56 . mollusca : gastropoda : strombacea and naticacea . beijing : science press . 317 pp . , 10 pls . [ details ]
( of natica tessellata philippi , 1849 ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica locellus reeve , 1855 ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica balteata g . b . sowerby iii , 1914 ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica balteata g . b . sowerby iii , 1914 ) petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . zootaxa . 2189 : 1–218 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of cochlis migratoria powell , 1927 ) kabat a . r . ( 2000 ) results of the rumphius biohistorical expedition to ambon ( 1990 ) . part 10 . mollusca , gastropoda , naticidae . zoologische mededelingen 73 ( 25 ) : 345 - 380 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of natica ( polinices ) burnupi e . a . smith , 1903 ) kilburn , r . n . 1972 . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 2 ) , with the description of new species and subspecies of conus , nassarius , vexillum and demoulia . annals of the natal museum 21 ( 2 ) : 391 - 437 , 15 figs . [ details ]
( of natica ( natica ) gualtieriana récluz , 1844 ) majima , r . ( 1989 ) . cenozoic fossil naticidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) in japan . bulletins of american paleontology . 96 : 1 - 159 . [ details ]
( of natica ( natica ) gualtieriana récluz , 1844 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1971 ) . the family naticidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) in the fiji islands . records of the auckland institute and museum . 8 : 169 - 208 . page ( s ) : 180 [ details ]
( of natica gualtieriana f . burnupi e . a . smith , 1903 ) kaicher , s . d . ( 1981 ) . card catalogue of world - wide shells . pack # 29 - naticidae , part ii . [ details ]
ansell , a . d . ; morton , b . ( 1987 ) . alternative predation tactics of a tropical naticid gastropod . journal of experimental marine biology and ecology . 111 : 109 - 119 . [ details ]
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
natica marochiensis quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833
cochlis migratoria powell , a . w . b . , 1927 : n new zealand
cochlis vafer finlay , h . j . , 1930 : new south wales , australia
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
récluz , c . a . 1844 ,
descriptions of new species of navicella , neritina , nerita and natica , in the cabinet of h . cuming , esq
, proceedings of the zoological society of london , vol . 11 , no . 130 , pp . 197 - 214
finlay , h . j . 1930 ,
additions to the recent molluscan fauna of new zealand .
, transactions of the new zealand institute , vol . 61 , pp . 222 - 247
philippi , r . a . 1849 ,
centuria tertia testaceorum novorum
, zeitschrift für malakozoologie , vol . 5 , no . 10 , pp . 151 - 160
iredale , t . & mcmichael , d . f . 1962 ,
a reference list of the marine mollusca of new south wales
, memoirs of the australian museum , vol . 11 , pp . 1 - 109
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1e4f617e - 6f7e - 4bd2 - 8c66 - 2d50131ab4dc
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 3eb0972d - ff2b - 4fd5 - 9b9f - f5510ac6f5d5
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : cd3a2f66 - 41b6 - 4d2d - ad40 - 7ad882c9cbaa
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 78f453d6 - e1b2 - 46ca - 85ad - 2869e1e99b80
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 530711
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
using cookies on urltoken shellauction uses cookies only for technical reasons and to facilitate and speed up your site navigation . by continuing to browse , you accept the use of cookies ; if you do not wish to receive them please disable them or not navigate this website further . more info cookies on urltoken
utilizzo dei cookies su urltoken shellauction utilizza i cookies esclusivamente per ragioni tecniche e per facilitare e velocizzare la navigazione del sito . continuando a navigare accetti l ' utilizzo dei cookies , se non desideri riceverli ti invitiamo a disabilitarli oppure a non navigare questo sito ulteriormente . altre informazioni sui cookies di urltoken
orn . chinese grosbeak [ eophona migratoria , syn . : coccothraustes migratoria , c . migratorius ]
orn . black - headed grosbeak [ eophona migratoria , syn . : coccothraustes migratoria , c . migratorius ]
orn . black - tailed grosbeak [ eophona migratoria , syn . : coccothraustes migratoria , c . migratorius ]
orn . black - tailed hawfinch [ eophona migratoria , syn . : coccothraustes migratoria , c . migratorius ]
orn . migratory chinese grosbeak [ eophona migratoria , syn . : coccothraustes migratoria , c . migratorius ]
orn . yellow - billed grosbeak [ eophona migratoria , syn . : coccothraustes migratoria , c . migratorius ]
orn . yellow - billed hawfinch [ eophona migratoria , syn . : coccothraustes migratoria , c . migratorius ]
zool . hebrew moonsnail [ natica hebraea , syn . : n . fanel , n . multipunctata , n . multoties punctata , n . variolaria , cochlis fanel ]
zool . common slipper shell [ crepidula fornicata , syn . : c . densata , c . maculata , c . mexicana , c . nautiloides , c . roseae , c . violacea , c . virginica , crypta nautarum , patella fornicata ]
zool . common dove shell [ columbella mercatoria , syn . : c . affinis , c . elongata , c . fustigata , c . peleei , c , rudis , c . variabilis , voluta mercatoria ]
zool . west indian dove shell [ columbella mercatoria , syn . : c . affinis , c . elongata , c . fustigata , c . peleei , c , rudis , c . variabilis , voluta mercatoria ]
fish south american freshwater puffer [ colomesus asellus , syn . : chelychthis asellus ]
bot . sand cypress [ callitris columellaris , syn . : c . arenosa , c . glauca , c . glaucophylla ]
zool . lettered horn shell [ cerithium litteratum , syn . : c . angustum , c . reticulatum , c . semiferrugineum , murex literatus ]
bot . western sand - cypress [ callitris columellaris , syn . : c . arenosa , c . glauca , c . glaucophylla ]
zool . yellow dove shell [ pyrene flava , syn . : p . opulens , buccinum flavum , columbella flava , c . flavida , c . flexuosus , c . lugubris , c . uvania ]
entom . brownspotted / brown - spotted bush - cricket [ platycleis tessellata , syn . : p . intermedia intermedia ]
zool . rustic dove shell / dove - shell [ columbella rustica , syn . : c . reticulata ]
zool . water slater [ asellus aquaticus , syn . : a . ( asellus ) aquaticus , oniscus aquaticus ]
bot . sand bittercress / bitter - cress [ cardamine parviflora , syn . : c . arenicola , c . manshurica ]
zool . fat dove shell [ anachis obesa , syn . : a . cancellata , a . hermosa , a . ornatusm a . sertularium , buccinum concinnum , columbella costulata , c . crassilabris , c . decipiens , c . ornata ]
bot . spotted hemlock [ conium maculatum , syn . : c . cicuta , c . croaticum , cicuta maculata , c . major , c . officinalis , coriandrum maculatum , selinum conium , sium conium ]
bot . spotted parsley [ conium maculatum , syn . : c . cicuta , c . croaticum , cicuta maculata , c . major , c . officinalis , coriandrum maculatum , selinum conium , sium conium ]
zool . ( large ) necklace - shell / necklace shell [ lunatia catena , syn . : l . monilifera , euspira catena , natica castanea , n . catena , n . monilifera , polinices catena , p . monilifera , p . ( euspira ) catena ]
zool . european necklace - shell / necklace shell [ lunatia catena , syn . : l . monilifera , euspira catena , natica castanea , n . catena , n . monilifera , polinices catena , p . monilifera , p . ( euspira ) catena ]
zool . chestnut sand snail [ natica onca , syn . : n . chinensis , n . candida , n . pavimentum , naticarius onca , nerita candida ]
zool . common northern moon shell [ lunatia heros , syn . : euspira heros , natica ampullaria , n . heros , n . pomum , polinices heros ]
unter folgender adresse kannst du auf diese übersetzung verlinken : urltoken tipps : doppelklick neben begriff = rück - übersetzung — neue wörterbuch - abfrage : einfach jetzt tippen ! suchzeit : 0 . 447 sek .
) , möglichst mit einem guten beleg im kommentarfeld . wichtig : bitte hilf auch bei der
limited input mode - mehr als 1000 ungeprüfte übersetzungen ! du kannst trotzdem eine neue übersetzung vorschlagen , wenn du dich einloggst und andere vorschläge im contribute - bereich überprüfst . pro review kannst du dort einen neuen wörterbuch - eintrag eingeben ( bis zu einem limit von 500 unverifizierten einträgen pro benutzer ) .
dieses deutsch - englisch - wörterbuch basiert auf der idee der freien weitergabe von wissen . mehr informationen ! enthält übersetzungen von der tu chemnitz sowie aus mr honey ' s business dictionary ( englisch / deutsch ) . vielen dank dafür ! links auf dieses wörterbuch oder einzelne übersetzungen sind herzlich willkommen ! fragen und antworten
zool . leaden moon snail [ conuber sordidum , also c . sordidus , syn . : natica leucophaea , n . microstoma , n . plumbea , n . sordida , n . strangei , polinices ( conuber ) sordidus ]
zool . sordid moon snail [ conuber sordidum , also c . sordidus , syn . : natica leucophaea , n . microstoma , n . plumbea , n . sordida , n . strangei , polinices ( conuber ) sordidus ]
zool . common australian moon snail [ conuber sordidum , also c . sordidus , syn . : natica leucophaea , n . microstoma , n . plumbea , n . sordida , n . strangei , polinices ( conuber ) sordidus ]
zool . aleutian moonsnail / moon snail [ cryptonatica affinis , syn . : natica algida , n . beverlii , n . clausa , consolidata , n . depressior , n . russa , n . septentrionalis ]
zool . arctic moonsnail / moon snail [ cryptonatica affinis , syn . : natica algida , n . beverlii , n . clausa , consolidata , n . depressior , n . russa , n . septentrionalis ]
zool . josephine ' s moon snail [ neverita josephinia , syn . : n . olla , n . philippiana , natica ( neverita ) josephinia , n . aegyptica , n . olla , n . philippiana ]
zool . china moon snail [ natica onca , syn . : n . chinensis , n . candida , n . pavimentum , naticarius onca , nerita candida ]
zool . common northern moon snail [ lunatia heros , syn . : euspira heros , natica ampullaria , n . heros , n . pomum , polinices heros ]
zool . lewis ' / lewis ' s moon snail [ lunatia lewisii , syn . : euspira lewisii , natica lewisii , polinices ( polinices ) lewisii , p . lewisii ]
zool . fly - specked moon snail [ naticarius stercusmuscarum , syn . : nacca fasciata , n . punctata , natica millepunctata , n . stercusmuscarum , nerita punctata , n . stercusmuscarum ]
zool . western moon snail [ lunatia lewisii , syn . : euspira lewisii , natica lewisii , polinices ( polinices ) lewisii , p . lewisii ]
zool . pear - shaped flat moon snail [ polinices mammilla , syn . : p . ( polinices ) mammilla , p . pyriformis , mamillaria tumida , natica albula , n . cygnea , n . intermedia , n . ponderosa , n . tumidus ]
zool . bladder moon snail [ neverita didyma , syn . : albula didyma , glossaulax didyma , natica didyma , n . papyracea , polinices ( glossaulax ) didyma , p . didyma ]
zool . hepatic moon snail [ neverita didyma , syn . : albula didyma , glossaulax didyma , natica didyma , n . papyracea , polinices ( glossaulax ) didyma , p . didyma ]
zool . golden moon snail [ polinices aurantius , syn . : p . ( polinices ) aurantius , p . mellosum , p . stramineai , natica jukesi , n . mellosa , n . straminea , n . sulphurea , n . virginea ]
zool . orange moon snail [ polinices aurantius , syn . : p . ( polinices ) aurantius , p . mellosum , p . stramineai , natica jukesi , n . mellosa , n . straminea , n . sulphurea , n . virginea ]
zool . common atlantic slippersnail / slipper snail [ crepidula fornicata , syn . : c . densata , c . maculata , c . mexicana , c . nautiloides , c . roseae , c . violacea , c . virginica , crypta nautarum , patella fornicata ]
zool . moon snail [ lunatia catena , syn . : l . monilifera , euspira catena , natica castanea , n . catena , n . monilifera , polinices catena , p . monilifera , p . ( euspira ) catena ]
zool . necklace moon snail [ lunatia catena , syn . : l . monilifera , euspira catena , natica castanea , n . catena , n . monilifera , polinices catena , p . monilifera , p . ( euspira ) catena ]
unter folgender adresse kannst du auf diese übersetzung verlinken : urltoken tipps : doppelklick neben begriff = rück - übersetzung — neue wörterbuch - abfrage : einfach jetzt tippen ! suchzeit : 0 . 867 sek .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
put your suggestion in the fields below . empty fields will keep the existing data .
© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc .
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
drivas , j . ; jay , m . ( 1987 ) . coquillages de la réunion et de l ' île maurice . collection les beautés de la nature . delachaux et niestlé : neuchâtel . isbn 2 - 603 - 00654 - 1 . 159 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) . two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
zenetos , a . , m . e . çinar , m . a . pancucci - papadopoulou , j . g . harmelin , g . furnari , f . andaloro , n . bellou , n . streftaris & h . zibrowius . ( 2005 ) . annotated list of marine alien species in the mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species . mediterranean marine science 6 ( 2 ) : 63 - 118 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
kabat a . r . , finet y . & way k . ( 1997 ) catalogue of the naticidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) described by c . a . récluz , including the location of the type specimens . apex 12 ( 1 ) : 15 - 26 . [ details ]
saito h . ( 2017 ) . family naticidae . pp . 858 - 866 , in : t . okutani ( ed . ) , marine mollusks in japan , ed . 2 . 2 vols . tokai university press . 1375 pp . [ details ]
kilburn , r . n . 1972 . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 2 ) , with the description of new species and subspecies of conus , nassarius , vexillum and demoulia . annals of the natal museum 21 ( 2 ) : 391 - 437 , 15 figs . [ details ]
katsanevakis , s . ; bogucarskis , k . ; gatto , f . ; vandekerkhove , j . ; deriu , i . ; cardoso a . s . ( 2012 ) . building the european alien species information network ( easin ) : a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data . bioinvasions records . 1 : 235 - 245 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
habitat habitat : muddy shore ( ruwa , 1984 < 109 > ) . up to 3 cm . grey to greyish - brown , sometimes streaked with pale grey or brown . base pale ; apeture brown , opercumum calcareous . habitat : muddy sand or sand in lower eulittoral . distribution : indo - pacific . regional names : port . caracol escuro . ( richmond , 1997 ) . [ details ]
short description shell globose , with broad , rounded body whorl . surface smooth , except for axial grooves starting from the suture and fading at some distance . umbilicus wide , most of it occupied by a thick callus which terminates as a smooth , semicircular portion of the columella ; another callus developed where the aperture meets the previous whorl . aperture semicircular , with thin edge . operculum calcareous , quite smooth with a narrow rim on the outer edge .
color : whitish with three pale , interrupted spiral bands ; inside of aperture darker with continuous dark brown bands fading at some distance from the edge or the outer lip .
habitat : in the indo - pacific , this species lives in shallow water , in depressions lined with muddy sand , occasionally on sparse seagrass beds .
distribution worldwide : red sea , indian ocean , and throughout the tropical western pacific . mediterranean : recorded first in 1966 from israel ( mienis , 2000b ) ; later from egypt ( giannuzzi - savelli et al . , 1997 ) . there are few published records , but specimens supposed to come from israel have been seen in amateur shell shows .
cernohorsky w . o . , 1971 . the family naticidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) in the fiji islands .
giannuzzi - savelli r . , pusateri f . , palmeri a . and ebreo c . , 1997 . atlante delle conchiglie marine del mediterraneo . vol . 2 : caenogastropoda .
zvonareva , sofya & kantor , yuri , 2016 , cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of khanh hoa province , vietnam , zootaxa 4162 ( 3 ) , pp . 401 - 437 : 424
, pl . 45 , figs 28 , 32 ; poppe 2008b : 72 , pl . 331 , figs 13–17 ; zvonareva et al . 2015 : 9 .
material examined . dam bay , mangrove plantation and natural mangroves , about 25 specimens . abundance . common .
ecological notes . on intertidal rocky bottom ( okutani 2000 ) . in studied sites it was found on rocks and roots of mangrove trees in upper and mid intertidal zone . relation to mangroves . eurybiotic .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the family .
, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the country .
, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the ecosystem .
cfm script by , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by kbanasihan , 06 / 28 / 2010


odontaster validus is a species of starfish in the family odontasteridae .

its range includes the southern ocean and the seas around the mainland and islands of antarctica .

odontaster validus

information on odontaster validus is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
gnathaster validus ( koehler , 1906 ) ( subsequent combination of o . validus 1906 )
odontaster tenuis koehler , 1906 ( a forma of o . validus according to fisher ( 1940 ) )
2012 .
encyclopedia of life
( on - line ) . odontaster validus . accessed august 31 , 2012 at urltoken .
. 2011 fertilization success of the circumpolar antarctic seastar odontaster validus ( koehler , 1906 ) : a diver - collected study . in :
(
odontaster validus koehler , 1906
, 2012 ; kidawa , 2009 ; mcclintock , et al . , 2008 ; pearse , 1963 )
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - sea star ( odontaster validus )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - sea star ( odontaster validus )
title =
arkive species - sea star ( odontaster validus )
border =
0
/ > < / a >
(
odontaster validus koehler , 1906
, 2012 ; janosik and halanych , 2010 ; kidawa , 2009 ; mcclintock , et al . , 2008 )
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i >
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i >
title =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i >
border =
0
/ > < / a >
(
odontaster validus koehler , 1906
, 2012 ; brueggeman , 1998 ; kidawa , 2009 ; mcclintock , et al . , 2008 ; pearse , 1963 )
belgian biodiversity platform . 2012 .
odontaster validus koehler , 1906
( on - line ) . scar antarctic field guides . accessed march 11 , 2012 at urltoken .
to cite this page : ramirez , n . 2013 .
odontaster validus
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i > attacking sea urchin
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i > attacking sea urchin
title =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i > attacking sea urchin
border =
0
/ > < / a >
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i > group on sea bed
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i > group on sea bed
title =
arkive photo - < i > odontaster validus < / i > group on sea bed
border =
0
/ > < / a >
pearse , j . 1963 . the reproductive cycle of the antarctic asteroid , odontaster validus koehler . xvi international congress of zoology , 1 : 111 . accessed march 28 , 2012 at urltoken .
(
odontaster validus koehler , 1906
, 2012 ; janosik and halanych , 2010 ; mcclintock , et al . , 2008 ; pearse , 1963 ; stanwell - smith and clarke , 1998 )
erratum to : multi - year observations on the gametogenic ecology of the antarctic seastar odontaster v . . .
pearse js . odontaster validus . in : lawrence jm , editor . starfish : biology and ecology of the asteroidea . first . baltimore , maryland : the johns hopkings university press ; 2013 . pp . 120–131 .
odontaster validus is dioecious with external fertilization of spawned gametes occurring in the water column . reproduction takes place once a year with spawning occurring over several months [ 12 , 27 ] . while o . validus reproduces once a year , gametogenesis lasts for time periods ranging from 18 to 24 months , at least for females [ 12 ] . this reproduction strategy involves the simultaneous maturation of two different cohorts of oocytes separated by a year . these cohorts are easily differentiated within the ovary as they mature at different rates . pearse [ 12 ] provides a detailed description of oogenesis in o . validus .
citation : agüera a , collard m , jossart q , moreau c , danis b ( 2015 ) parameter estimations of dynamic energy budget ( deb ) model over the life history of a key antarctic species : the antarctic sea star odontaster validus koehler , 1906 . plos one 10 ( 10 ) : e0140078 . urltoken
the protein content in the dry body weight of the starfish odontaster validus is 30 % . the composition of amino acids is characterized by a very high level of glycine ( 27 % ) . glutamic acid ( glu ) in a concentration of 10 mm / liter in seawater causes an increase in the metabolic rate of starved o . validus . as the period of starvation increases , this reaction is enhanced . a two - hour exposure to kynurenic acid ( kyn ) in a concentration of 0 . 1 mm / liter blocks the reaction to glutamic acid .
this study reports the first multi - year observations on the reproductive patterns for an antarctic predator / scavenger , odontaster validus ( koehler 1912 ) . seastars were collected monthly from a shallow site ( 15–20m depth ) near the british antarctic survey ( bas ) rothera research station ( adelaide island , 67°34′s 68°08′w ) from july 1997 to january 2001 . reproductive condition , oocyte size . . . [ show full abstract ]
( of gnathaster validus ( koehler , 1906 ) ) koehler , r . ( 1920 ) . echinodermata : asteroidea . scientific reports of the australiasian antarctic expedition c8 : 1 - 308 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
there was no data available on the functional response of o . validus . moreover , o . validus is omnivorous and will likely exhibit a different functional response towards different food items . however , in deb models the scaled functional response can be yielded from the individuals’ condition as f is in equilibrium with the available resources , providing information of the energy intake and individual condition . using the covariation method and data on length - weight and maximum size of the o . validus population at mcmurdo , we approximated the scaled functional response for this population ( f f ) relative to the scaled functional response of the animals fed in the lab for which a scaled functional response of f = 1 was set .
the use of individuals originating from the same population ( mcmurdo station ) in the laboratory and field observations allowed us to approximate the average scaled functional response of o . validus in the field ( table 1 , f f ) using the covariation method .
. . . this may be particularly relevant in polar waters where sea temperatures and ph are already near the extremes . fertilisation in o . validus is temperature dependent ( grange et al . 2011 ) , with optimal fertilisation ( [ 90 % ) occurring in a narrow thermal window ( - 1 to 4 °c ) . the stenothermal nature of o . validus gametes and the decline in fertilisation to \ 30 % when temperatures exceed 4 °c suggest that future increases in sea temperature may add to any decrease in fertilisation associated with ocean acidification . . . .
we explored the model performance by plotting weight from the time of fertilization until reaching the maximum size given by deb parameters ( fig 8 ) . these plots give an overview of the life history of o . validus and the differences between the food conditions in the laboratory experiments and the field at mcmurdo station . it takes between 35 and 40 years for o . validus to reach its maximum size when considering food conditions and temperature being constant during its whole life cycle . they will reproduce for the first time when they are between 5 and 7 years old , and spawn an average of 0 . 7 to 1 . 2 million eggs per year . these plots also reveal the importance of the contribution of reserves to the total weight in o . validus : when fed ad libitum , reserves make up to 31 % of the total body weight .
. . . interestingly , o . validus had a wider thermal window for embryonic development more typical of temperate species and an upper thermal limit of 5 . 8 °c . this could be expected as o . validus has a relatively broad high - latitude distribution , and occurring as high as 54° s , where sea temperatures can reach 5 °c ( stanwell - smith & clarke , 1998 ; whitehouse et al . , 2008 ) . this species appears to be the most thermal tolerant of antarctic species at both larval and adult stages ( peck et al . , 2008 ) . . . .
( of odontaster tenuis koehler , 1906 ) koehler , r . ( 1906 ) . note préliminaire sur les échinodermes recueillis par l ' expédition , antarctique franyaise du dr . charcot ( échinides , astéries et ophiures ) . bulletin du museum paris . 1905 : 464 - 470 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 468 [ details ]
( of odontaster tenuis koehler , 1906 ) koehler , r . ( 1906 ) . expédition antarctique francaise ( 1903 - 1905 ) - échinodermes ( stéllérides , ophiures et échinides ) . expédition charcot . 1 - 41 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 8 ; note : this is the full description following koehler ( 1906 ) ' s preliminary report . [ details ]
. . . these observations are similar to those in the tropical sea star acanthaster planci ( benzie and dixon 1994 ) , where fertilisation rate across a range of sperm concentrations ( 10 2 –10 5 sperm ml - 1 ) and egg : sperm ratios ( 5 , 000 : 1–100 : 1 ) only decreased when the sperm density was reduced to 50 ml - 1 . these concentrations are , however , lower than optimal concentrations of 10 5 to 10 6 sperm ml - 1 observed for o . validus by grange et al . ( 2011 ) . the authors suggest that these high sperm concentrations are required to overcome restrictions on fertilisation at low sea temperatures . . . .
during the parameter estimation , we linked the pyloric caecum of o . validus to deb reserves ( e ) . estimations of pi and the pyloric caeca weight in the laboratory after one year of feeding ad libitum were accurate ( mre : 0 . 04 , table 2 and mre : 0 . 2 , fig 4 respectively ) . in the field measurements , pi was not very variable during the year at mcmurdo [ 27 ] . pi was slightly overestimated for the field samples in october ( fig 9 ) . predictions and observations of the change in the pi in the laboratory after the change in food availability , revealed that pi increased during the first year , suggesting that the reserves were slowly reaching an equilibrium with the quantity of food available during the experiment ( fig 9 ) [ 27 ] .
koehler , r . ( 1906 ) . expédition antarctique francaise ( 1903 - 1905 ) - échinodermes ( stéllérides , ophiures et échinides ) . expédition charcot . 1 - 41 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 6 ; note : this is the follow up to koehler 1906 ' s preliminary report with full proper species documentation . [ details ]
koehler , r . ( 1906 ) . note préliminaire sur les échinodermes recueillis par l ' expédition , antarctique franyaise du dr . charcot ( échinides , astéries et ophiures ) . bulletin du museum paris . 1905 : 464 - 470 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 467 [ details ]
clarke , a . ; johnston , n . m . ( 2003 ) . antarctic marine benthic diversity . oceanography and marine biology : an annual review . 41 : 47 - 114 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of gnathaster tenuis ( koehler , 1906 ) ) clarke , a . ; johnston , n . m . ( 2003 ) . antarctic marine benthic diversity . oceanography and marine biology : an annual review . 41 : 47 - 114 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
diving for science . proceedings of the american academy of underwater sciences , 30th scientific symposium , portland , me , october 14 - 15 , 2011 .
red sea stars are found in the antarctic region , most prevalently in the waters surrounding the antarctic continent and islands .
red sea stars are unique amongst sea stars in their ability to withstand the cold environment of the antarctic region ( averaging - 1 . 8 degrees celsius ) . they live at depths of 0 - 914 meters and are found most often in shallower waters ( 14 m ) .
like most other sea stars , red sea stars have a central disk with five arms radiating outward . these sea stars are typically a dark shade of red dorsally and a light shade of pink ventrally . red sea stars have a rather large lightly - colored , pink madreporite dorsal plate which is an opening to its water vascular system . red sea stars grow 1 - 2 grams per year and range from 2 - 11 centimeters in diameter ( average 6 - 8 centimeters ) . there are no externally visible physical features distinguishing males and females of this species .
fertilized eggs develop into planktotrophic larvae , allowing members of the species to disperse . red sea stars have a rather slow rate of growth , typically gaining 1 - 2 grams per year .
as with most echinoderms , red sea stars reproduce via broadcast spawning and external fertilization .
this species reaches sexual maturity at 3 - 6 years . reproduction occurs once a year during the winter season , between the months of april and june , with peak spawning occurring during june . scientists are able to determine when the sea stars are spawning by a decrease in the size of their gonads ( sexual organs ) . fertilization occurs from june to september . this sea star is known for releasing a large number of oocytes that , once fertilized , then mature into larva . the ova of this sea star typically take 18 months to mature .
the lifespan of this sea star is not currently known , although there is evidence that they can live up to 100 years .
this sea star is typically sedentary and often found attached to rocks in the water . they move significant distances only in times of extreme starvation or distress . red sea stars exhibit
arm fencing ,
a behavior in which they compete for dominance and eating rights .
these sea stars are found at an average density of 2 . 7 per m ^ 2 .
red sea stars detect their environments with using chemoreceptors , which they rely on to recognize potential prey . these chemoreceptors also have the ability to elicit an alarm response which tells the sea star to move away from the stimulus quickly . there is both interspecific and intraspecific communication using chemoreceptors .
red sea stars are omnivorous , feeding on a variety of species such as bivalves ( e . g .
) , as well as red algae , diatoms and seal feces . due to the harsh environment of the antarctic , red sea stars must be capable of surviving for long periods ( potentially an entire winter ) with no food . this sea star does not exhibit cannibalism ; however , it is quite common for it to prey on other sea stars , particularly
. it is not yet known if red sea stars are more likely to search for food in groups or individually .
red sea starts tend to form larger clusters when a potential predator is sensed , as if to ward off any predators by seeming to be one large entity . this is unique because echinoderms are otherwise only known to form groups or clusters in order to better capture food or to increase the likelihood of fertilization . known predators of red sea stars include sea anemones , sea stars , and jellyfish .
red sea stars eat the larvae of several sympatric sea stars that prey on various sponge communities , sometimes so heavily as to negatively impact the sponges ' populations . therefore , these sea stars may help maintain sponge populations .
the antarctic conditions required by red sea stars mean that they are usually not kept in captivity and so they have little economic importance for humans .
despite the harsh conditions within the antarctic , red sea star populations appear to be thriving and the species has no special conservation status .
natalie ramirez ( author ) , sierra college , jeremy wright ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .
referring to an animal that lives on or near the bottom of a body of water . also an aquatic biome consisting of the ocean bottom below the pelagic and coastal zones . bottom habitats in the very deepest oceans ( below 9000 m ) are sometimes referred to as the abyssal zone . see also oceanic vent .
particles of organic material from dead and decomposing organisms . detritus is the result of the activity of decomposers ( organisms that decompose organic material ) .
the area of shoreline influenced mainly by the tides , between the highest and lowest reaches of the tide . an aquatic habitat .
a species whose presence or absence strongly affects populations of other species in that area such that the extirpation of the keystone species in an area will result in the ultimate extirpation of many more species in that area ( example : sea otter ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton ; mainly unicellular algae . ( compare to zooplankton . )
the regions of the earth that surround the north and south poles , from the north pole to 60 degrees north and from the south pole to 60 degrees south .
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males , each of which also pairs with several different females .
a form of body symmetry in which the parts of an animal are arranged concentrically around a central oral / aboral axis and more than one imaginary plane through this axis results in halves that are mirror - images of each other . examples are cnidarians ( phylum cnidaria , jellyfish , anemones , and corals ) .
brueggeman , p . 1998 .
cnidaria – scyphozoa : jellyfish underwater field guide to ross island & mcmurdo sound , antarctica
( on - line pdf ) . accessed august 31 , 2012 at urltoken .
stanwell - smith , d . , a . clarke . 1998 . seasonality of reproduction in the cushion star
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
urltoken urltoken inc . 77 - 6425 kuakini hwy . ste c2 - 200 kailua kona , hi 96740 usa info @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken
terms of use - the displayed portlet may be used as a link from your website to arkive ' s online content for private , scientific , conservation or educational purposes only . it may not be used within apps .
myarkive offers the scrapbook feature to signed - up members , allowing you to organize your favourite arkive images and videos and share them with friends .
team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planetâ€™s species and habitats from destruction .
wildscreen is a registered charity in england and wales no . 299450 wildscreen usa is a registered 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non - profit organisation in the usa
discover a faster , simpler path to publishing in a high - quality journal . plos one promises fair , rigorous peer review , broad scope , and wide readership – a perfect fit for your research every time .
laboratoire de biologie marine cp160 / 15 , universite libre de bruxelles , f . d . roosevelt , 50 , 1050 brussels , belgium
copyright : © 2015 agüera et al . this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited
data availability : all relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files .
funding : this work was funded by verso project ( urltoken ) , funded by the belgian science policy office ( belspo , contract no br / 132 / a1 / verso ) .
. in deb , assimilation is a function of available food , following a functional response of hollings’ type ii . mobilization however depends on the amount of energy in the reserves (
) that drive the dynamics of the four state variables ( boxes ) . energy enters the organism as food (
a post - metamorphic shape coefficient ( δ m ) was calculated based on the relationship between the body wet weight ( w w ) and the animal’s arm length ( measured from the middle of the oral disc to the tip of an arm ) ( l w ) by fitting the equation w w = ( δ m . l w ) 3 by means of a weighted least squares regression .
] ( even after correction for temperature ) , and as such a good starting value for the covariation method . although starting values should not influence final estimation , the quality of those improve the estimation process and increase the success of parameter estimation [
we used the covariation method for further estimation of the deb model parameters [ 37 , 38 ] , estimated with matlab® 2014b using the software package debtool ( available at urltoken ) . the covariation method links the parameters to experimental and field observations of different life stages and approximates the parameters using a nelder - mead numerical optimization to minimize the difference between observed and predicted values based on a weighted least - squares criterion [ 38 ] .
all values are given at a temperature of 271 . 5 k . this is the temperature at which these values where measured . mre : mean absolute relative error .
when the individual becomes a reproductive adult . this energy is stored in the reproduction buffer
handles gonadal development , and the respective contribution of the different cohorts of gametes present . the changes in the relative volumes of each oocyte cohort during development [
] suggest that each cohort receives resources more or less continuously . we assumed that oogenesis within each cohort always follows the same pattern and that each cohort is independent of the others presence within the ovary . we also assumed that only two cohorts are developing at any time . while there may be a third cohort of oocytes present , the latter cohort is composed by fully developed oocytes being spawned . we assumed that a new cohort starts developing in june , as is the case for the population of
] , and that the cohort’s development lasts exactly two years . once mature , the cohort remains within the gonad until spawning begins in july , after which oocytes are released following a linear decrease until october .
that is continuously being mobilized to develop the gonads . the gonads contain two different cohorts of oocytes , each one receiving energy at a rate given by
is the reproduction efficiency and represent the energy dissipated as the buffer is transformed into eggs .
] , we were able to estimate the proportional weight of a oocyte cohort at all times ( considering also the changes in the gonad size due to the development of other cohorts and spawning ) . the energy allocated to each cohort (
) . in that manner the growth of the gonad will also depend on the size of the individual , the environmental temperature , and food availability . in order to do so , we estimated the parameters
) . we assumed that energy reserves and gonad have a similar composition . in that manner the growth rate in weight of each cohort of oocytes is given by :
we calculated the values for a and b in ( 3 ) using a non - linear least squares regression ( package minpack . lm [ 34 ] function nlslm in r v . 3 . 1 [ 35 ] ) and the deb parameters previously determined using the covariation method .
we explored the model performance by plotting weight from the time of fertilization until reaching the maximum size given by deb parameters . further exploration was done by comparing model prediction of gsi ( gonadosomatic index , gonad weight / total weight ) and pi ( pyloric index , pyloric caeca weight / ( total weight–gonad weight ) ) with field and laboratory data not used during the parameter estimation sourced from pearse & bosch experiment [ 27 ] and mcclintock et al . [ 25 ] observations .
adjusting the arrhenius function to the scaled respiration rates provided by peck et al . [ 29 ] resulted in a t a of 5166 k , and a maximum tolerance limit of 288 k ( aic = - 109 , mre : 0 . 065 , see table 1 for the other parameters values , fig 3 ) . these values and the other arrhenius function parameters were used as fixed values in the covariation method to determine the other deb parameters .
dots are the scaled values of observed oxygen consumption rates . the line represents the adjusted arrhenius function ( parameters are in table 1 ) .
the post - metamorphic shape coefficient was calculated from observations of individuals kept in captivity over a year at mcmurdo station ( pearse et al . ,
) , and yielded a value of 0 . 63±0 . 07 . this value was optimized later using the covariation method ( final value in
) . the data on oxygen consumption of starved individuals by peck et al . [
the combination of available data from different developmental stages and at different food availabilities allowed us to obtain a robust prediction of deb parameters . parameter estimations are detailed in table 1 . the total fit of the covariation method resulted in a mre ( mean absolute relative error ) of 0 . 123 . in general , the estimated model parameters accurately describe the data used for their estimation ( table 2 , figs 4 , 5 and 6 ) .
deb model output with the data on post - metamorphic individuals used for parameter estimation .
a . length - weight relationship , dots are data from laboratory experiments , fed ad libitum ( pearse et al . unpublished data ) , diamonds are values from mcmurdo station at the same time of the year [ 23 ] . b . proportional growth rate by day according to size . dots are data from laboratory experiments , animals fed ad libitum [ 23 ] . c . maximum gonad weight according to size . dots are observed data from laboratory experiments , animals fed ad libitum ( pearse et al . unpublished data ) . maximum gonad size is reached before reproduction takes places around june in mcmurdo [ 12 ] . d . pyloric caeca weight according to size . dots are observed data from laboratory experiments after being fed ad libitum for more than a year ( pearse et al . unpublished data ) . mre is the mean absolute relative error .
dots are observed values for several individuals averaging 7 . 2 g wet weight [ 27 ] . the line represent deb model predictions using the estimated values from table 1 . mre is the mean absolute relative error .
deb model output with data on pre - metamorphic individuals used for parameter estimation .
a . larval growth in length according to age . dots are observations in the laboratory [ 29 ] . food was available in excess and the animals fed once they were able to do so . b . loss of dry weight from fertilization , data from [ 37 ] . in this case there was no food available during the whole experiment . mre is the mean absolute relative error .
as continuous and determined by food and body size . on the other extreme , before reproduction takes place , gonads are growing faster than
a . proportional weight of one cohort of oocytes as it develop during two years and are released during reproduction . dots were yielded from field observations made by pearse [ 12 ] . the line is the deb model output considering e r handling rules . b . development of successive cohorts in time , each cohort grows following eq ( 3 ) .
, representing the contributions of the reproduction buffer , the reserves and the structure to the total weight .
a . considering the conditions in the laboratory ad libitum feeding . b . considering the food conditions estimated for mcmurdo . for both graphs a constant temperature of 271 . 5 k was considered .
pyloric index ( pyloric caeca weight / ( total weight–gonad weight ) ) increment after the change in food availability ( from the field to the laboratory ) .
the deb parameters and the reproduction buffer handling rules were also explored by estimating the changes in the gonadosomatic index ( gsi ) during the year for both cases : in the laboratory and for the field at mcmurdo station ( fig 10 ) . these plots showed that the application of such rules and deb parameters provided a good proxy to the oogenesis in both cases .
a . animals kept in the laboratory and fed ad libitum . b . animals at the food level estimated for mcmurdo . points are mean and 95 % confidence interval of laboratory and field observations respectively [ 25 ] . line ( mean ) and shaded areas ( 95 % confidence interval ) are deb model output applying the reproduction buffer handling rules to a 100 individuals with the same mean weight and sd than the ones used in the observations .
] . the combination of an important energy reserve and low metabolic costs theoretically allows a fully fed individual to undergo up to a year of starvation before running out of reserves ( energy reserves / maintenance costs ) . this is an important adaptation of
to its environment . however the capacity to withstand starvation is reduced as temperature increases . other sea stars such as
] reducing the energy demands of the body wall and the need to produce energy to maintain it . there is no information on such a capacity for
. under field conditions where reserves are reduced a capacity to use the body wall as an energy source , or even the gonads , may be necessary for survival . energy conductance (
conceived and designed the experiments : aa bd . analyzed the data : aa . wrote the paper : aa mc qj cm bd . data mining from literature : aa mc .
barnes dka , clarke a . antarctic marine biology . curr biol . elsevier ; 2011 ; 21 : r451–r457 . pmid : 21683895
hunt bm , hoefling k , cheng c - hc . annual warming episodes in seawater temperatures in mcmurdo sound in relationship to endogenous ice in notothenioid fish . antarct sci . 2003 ; 15 : 333–338 .
clarke a , meredith mp , wallace mi , brandon ma . , thomas dn . seasonal and interannual variability in temperature , chlorophyll and macronutrients in northern marguerite bay , antarctica . deep res part ii top stud oceanogr . 2008 ; 55 : 1988–2006 .
peck ls . ecophysiology of antarctic marine ectotherms : limits to life . polar biol . 2002 ; 25 : 31–40 .
mcclintock j . trophic biology of antarctic shallow - water echinoderms . mar ecol prog ser . 1994 ; 111 : 191–202 .
ipcc . climate change 2014 : impacts , adaptation , and vulnerability . part b : regional aspects . contribution of working group ii to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change . barros vr , field cb , dokken dj , mastrandrea md , mach kj , bilir te , et al . , editors . cambridge university press , cambridge , united kingdom and new york , ny , usa ; 2014 .
turner j , barrand ne , bracegirdle tj , convey p , hodgson da , jarvis m , et al . antarctic climate change and the environment : an update . polar rec ( gr brit ) . 2014 ; 50 : 237–259 .
barnes dka , souster t . reduced survival of antarctic benthos linked to climate - induced iceberg scouring . nat clim chang . nature publishing group ; 2011 ; 1 : 365–368 . available :
kearney m , porter w . mechanistic niche modelling : combining physiological and spatial data to predict species’ ranges . ecol lett . 2009 ; 12 : 334–50 . available :
kaiser s , brandão sn , brix s , barnes dka , bowden da . , ingels j , et al . patterns , processes and vulnerability of southern ocean benthos : a decadal leap in knowledge and understanding . mar biol . 2013 ; 160 : 2295–2317 .
griffiths hj . antarctic marine biodiversity–what do we know about the distribution of life in the southern ocean ? unsworth rkf , editor . plos one . 2010 ; 5 : e11683 . pmid : 20689841
koehler , a common antarctic asteroid . biol antarct seas ii antarct res ser . 1965 ; 5 : 39–85 .
pearse js , mcclintock jb , bosch i . reproduction of antarctic benthic marine invertebrates : tempos , modes , and timing . am zool . 1991 ; 31 : 65–80 .
micaletto g , gambi mc , piraino s . observations on population structure and reproductive features of
grube ( polychaeta , aphroditidae ) in antarctic waters . polar biol . 2003 ; 26 : 327–333 .
bosch i , pearse js . developmental types of shallow - water asteroids of mcmurdo sound , antarctica . mar biol . 1990 ; 104 : 41–46 .
pearse js , mooi r , lockhart sj , brandt a . brooding and species diversity in the southern ocean : selection for brooders or speciation within brooding clades ? smithsonian at the poles : contributions to international polar year science . smithsonian institution scholarly press ; 2009 . pp . 181–196 .
turner j , bindschadler r , convey p , prisco g di , fahrbach e , gutt j , et al . antarctic climate change and the environment . international journal of climatology . 2009 .
smale d a . , barnes dk a . likely responses of the antarctic benthos to climate - related changes in physical disturbance during the 21st century , based primarily on evidence from the west antarctic peninsula region . ecography ( cop ) . 2008 ; 31 : 289–305 .
kooijman salm . energy budgets can explain body size relations . j theor biol . 1986 ; 121 : 269–282 .
kooijman salm . dynamic energy budget theory for metabolic organisation . third edition . cambridge : cambridge university press ; 2010 .
van der meer j . an introduction to dynamic energy budget ( deb ) models with special emphasis on parameter estimation . j sea res . 2006 ; 56 : 85–102 .
monaco cj , wethey ds , helmuth b . a dynamic energy budget ( deb ) model for the keystone predator
jusup m , klanjscek t , matsuda h , kooijman salm . a full lifecycle bioenergetic model for bluefin tuna . plos one . 2011 ; 6 .
mcclintock j , pearse j , bosch i . population structure and energetics of the shallow - water antarctic sea star
pearse js . antarctic sea star . aust nat hist . 1969 ; 16 : 234–238 .
pearse js , bosch i . photoperiodic regulation of gametogenesis in the antarctic sea star
koehler : evidence for a circannual rhythm modulated by light . invertebr reprod dev . 2002 ; 41 : 73–81 .
peck ls , prothero - thomas e . temperature effects on the metabolism of larvae of the antarctic starfish
, using a novel micro - respirometry method . mar biol . 2002 ; 141 : 271–276 .
peck ls , webb ke , miller a , clark ms , hill t . temperature limits to activity , feeding and metabolism in the antarctic starfish
gonzalez - bernat mj , lamare m , barker m . effects of reduced seawater ph on fertilisation , embryogenesis and larval development in the antarctic seastar
bosch i . reproduction and development of shallow - water asteroids and an echinoid in mcmurdo sound , antarctica . university of california santa cruz . 1989 .
kooijman salm . metabolic acceleration in animal ontogeny : an evolutionary perspective . j sea res . elsevier b . v . ; 2014 ; 94 : 128–137 .
van der veer hw , cardoso jfmf , van der meer j . the estimation of deb parameters for various northeast atlantic bivalve species . j sea res . 2006 ; 56 : 107–124 .
elzhov t v , mullen km , spiess a - n , bolker b . minpack . lm : r interface to the levenberg - marquardt nonlinear least - squares algorithm found in minpack , plus support for bounds [ internet ] . 2013 . available :
r core team . r : a language and environment for statistical computing [ internet ] . vienna , austria ; 2014 . available :
jusup m , klanjšček t , matsuda h . simple measurements reveal the feeding history , the onset of reproduction , and energy conversion efficiencies in captive bluefin tuna . j sea res . 2014 ; 94 : 144–155 .
lika k , kearney mr , kooijman s a lm . the “covariation method” for estimating the parameters of the standard dynamic energy budget model ii : properties and preliminary patterns . j sea res . elsevier b . v . ; 2011 ; 66 : 278–288 .
lika k , kearney mr , freitas v , van der veer hw , van der meer j , wijsman jwm , et al . the “covariation method” for estimating the parameters of the standard dynamic energy budget model i : philosophy and approach . j sea res . elsevier b . v . ; 2011 ; 66 : 270–277 .
matzelle a , montalto v , sarà g , zippay m , helmuth b . dynamic energy budget model parameter estimation for the bivalve
: application of the covariation method . j sea res . elsevier b . v . ; 2014 ; 94 : 105–110 .
van der meer j , kooijman salm inference on energetics of deep - sea fish that cannot be aged : the case of the hagfish . j sea res . 2014 ; 94 : 138–143 .
harrold c , pearse js . allocation of pyloric caecum reserves in fed and starved sea stars ,
( stimpson ) : somatic maintenance comes before reproduction . j exp mar bio ecol . 1980 ; 48 : 169–183 .
l . ( echinodermata : asteroidea ) . j exp mar bio ecol . 1977 ; 30 : 165–184 .
mcclintock jb . energetic composition , reproductive output , and resource allocation of antarctic asteroids . polar biol . 1989 ; 9 : 147–153 .
joly - turquin g , guillou m , leyzour s , pernet p , ridder f de , pintelon r , et al . contrasting relationships between pyloric caecum and gonad growth in the starfish
: combined field and experimental approaches . j mar biol assoc united kingdom . 2012 ; 93 : 18–42 .
pecquerie l , petitgas p , kooijman salm . modeling fish growth and reproduction in the context of the dynamic energy budget theory to predict environmental impact on anchovy spawning duration . j sea res . elsevier b . v . ; 2009 ; 62 : 93–105 .
hoegh - guldberg o , welborn jr , manahan dt . metabolic requirements of antarctic and temperate asteroid larvae . antarct j us . 1991 ; 26 : 163–165 .
mcclintock jb , angus ra , ho c , amsler cd , baker bj . a laboratory study of behavioral interactions of the antarctic keystone sea star
with three sympatric predatory sea stars . mar biol . 2008 ; 154 : 1077–1084 .
sanford e , menge ba . reproductive output and consistency of source populations in the sea star
pearse js , eernisse dj . photoperiodic regulation of gametogenesis and gonadal growth in the sea star
( brandt ) , in monterey bay , california . ophelia . 1970 ; 8 : 161–185 .
brockington s , peck ls , tyler pa . gametogenesis and gonad mass cycles in the common circumpolar antarctic echinoid
grange lj , tyler pa , peck ls . multi - year observations on the gametogenic ecology of the antarctic seastar
jangoux m , vloebergh m . contribution a l’étude du cycle annuel de reproduction d ' une population d '
( echinodermata , asteroidea ) du littoral belge . netherlands j sea res . 1973 ; 6 : 389–408 .
falk - petersen i - b . breeding season and egg morphology of echinoderms in balsfjorden , northern norway . sarsia . 1982 ; 67 : 215–221 .
) under water temperatures simulating episodic upwelling . j exp mar bio ecol . 2002 ; 273 : 199–218 .
lawrence jm , herrera j . stress and deviant reproduction in echinoderms . zool stud . 2000 ; 39 : 151–171 .
stanwell - smith d , clarke a . seasonality of reproduction in the cushion star
at signy island , antarctica . mar biol . 1998 ; 131 : 479–487 .
somero gn . the physiology of global change : linking patterns to mechanisms . ann rev mar sci . 2012 ; 4 : 39–61 . pmid : 22457968
somero gn . the physiology of climate change : how potentials for acclimatization and genetic adaptation will determine “winners” and “losers” . j exp biol . 2010 ; 213 : 912–920 . pmid : 20190116
gutt j , zurell d , bracegridle tj , cheung w , clark ms , convey p , et al . correlative and dynamic species distribution modelling for ecological predictions in the antarctic : a cross - disciplinary concept . polar res . 2012 ; 31 : 1–23 .
kearney m . metabolic theory , life history and the distribution of a terrestrial ectotherm . funct ecol . 2012 ; 26 : 167–179 . available :
klok c , wijsman jwm , kaag k , foekema e . effects of co2 enrichment on cockle shell growth interpreted with a dynamic energy budget model . j sea res . elsevier b . v . ; 2014 ; 94 : 111–116 .
maar m , saurel c , landes a , dolmer p , petersen jk . growth potential of blue mussels (
) exposed to different salinities evaluated by a dynamic energy budget model . j mar syst . elsevier b . v . ; 2015 ; 148 : 48–55 .
do these subject areas make sense for this article ? click the target next to the incorrect subject area and let us know . thanks for your help !
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
team wild , an elite squadron of science superheroes , needs your help ! your mission : protect and conserve the planet’s species and habitats from destruction .
occurrence describes how often the species is found on surveys within its distribution . it is calculated as the % of reef sites surveyed by rls divers across all the ecoregions in which the species has been observed
abundance is calculated as the average number of individuals recorded per rls transect , where present .
please use this form only for a single type of error . if you see multiple errors on the page for this species , please report these in separate forms by clicking on this button again after submitting this form
thank you for highlighting this error . we appreciate your assistance in maintaining high quality control standards
our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .
koehler , r . ( 1906 ) . expédition antarctique francaise ( 1903 - 1905 ) - échinodermes ( stéllérides , ophiures et échinides ) . < em > expédition charcot . < / em > 1 - 41 .
clarke , a . ; johnston , n . m . ( 2003 ) . antarctic marine benthic diversity . < i > oceanography and marine biology : an annual review < / i > . 41 : 47 - 114 .
koehler , r . ( 1906 ) . note préliminaire sur les échinodermes recueillis par l ' expédition , antarctique franyaise du dr . charcot ( échinides , astéries et ophiures ) . < em > bulletin du museum paris . < / em > 1905 : 464 - 470 .
a comparative assessment of fatty acids in antarctic organisms from the ross sea : occurrence and distribution . - pubmed - ncbi
a comparative assessment of fatty acids in antarctic organisms from the ross sea : occurrence and distribution .
university of siena , department of physics , earth and environmental sciences , via mattioli , 4 , 53100 siena , italy . electronic address : simonetta . corsolini @ unisi . it .
university of siena , department of physics , earth and environmental sciences , via mattioli , 4 , 53100 siena , italy .
clarke , a . ; johnston , n . m . ( 2003 ) . antarctic marine benthic diversity . oceanography and marine biology : an annual review . 41 : 47 - 114 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors
( of gnathaster tenuis ( koehler , 1906 ) ) clarke , a . ; johnston , n . m . ( 2003 ) . antarctic marine benthic diversity . oceanography and marine biology : an annual review . 41 : 47 - 114 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors
copyright © 1999 - 2018 john wiley & sons , inc . all rights reserved
enter your email address below . if your address has been previously registered , you will receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password . if you don ' t receive an email , you should register as a new user
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
stanwell - smith , d . & clarke , a . marine biology ( 1998 ) 131 : 479 . urltoken
cowey , c . b . , daisley , k . w . , and parry , g . , study of amino acids , free or as components of protein , and of some b vitamins in the tissue of the atlantic salmon ,
fanta , e . and kidawa , a . , the effect of amino acids and amphipod extract on the respiratory metabolism of the antarctic spiny plunderfish ,
ferguson , c . f and raymont , j . k . b . , biochemical studies on marine zooplankton . xii . further investigations on
( koehler 1911 ) wywo ane recepcj sygna ów trofochemicznych , 1st ed . , zba pan , 2002 ( in polish ) .
mcclintock , j . b . , pears , j . s . , and bosh , i . , population structure and energetics of the shallow - water antarctic sea star
presler , p . and figielska , e . , new data on the asteroidea of admiralty bay , king george island , south shetland islands ,
rakusa - suszczewski , s . , kidawa , a . , and janecki , t . , the effect of amino acids on the respiration and hart beat of necrophagous antarctic amphipods ,
janecki , t . & rakusa - suszczewski , s . russian journal of marine biology ( 2004 ) 30 : 358 . urltoken
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
modification , making them one of the most temperature sensitive fauna on earth . such
- specific work ( e . g . , powell , 2001 ; powell et al . ,
the vast majority of research has focused on nearshore temperate and tropical marine invertebrates .
kupriyanova , 2006 ) , corals ( lasker et al . , 1996 ; co
1994 ; manríquez et al . , 2001 ) and fish ( griffin et al . , 1998 ; litvak and trippel , 1998 ) ; the vast
become diminished as sperm become diluted and gametes become less effective over time . there are
1992 ; pearse , 1994 ; stanwell - smith et al . , 1999 ; pearse and lockhart , 2004 ) . many of these
( grange et al . , 2004 ; 2007 ; 2011 ) . however , the fe
periods ( bosch et al . , 1987 ; hoegh - guldberg and pearse , 1995 ; pearse and lockhart , 2004 ; peck et
which they can function efficiently ( peck et al . , 2004 ) and are
regarded as highly stenothermal ( peck et al . , 2009ab ; peck et al . , 2010 ) . this has important
meredith and king , 2005 ; clarke et al . , 2007 ; mcclintock et al . , 2008 ) .
are known to broadcast spawn directly into the water column ( pearse , 1965 ; 1969 ) .
al . , 1991 ; grange et al . , 2007 ) . with the exception
shore entry and a rigid inflatable boat as a dive platform . collection dives were typically 30–45
neoprene full - finger mitts . divers collected seastars randomly from 15–20 m depths , with a
microscope . each experiment involved the use of a single male and female pairing .
optimum and comparable levels of fertilization success . maximum numbers of fertilized eggs are also
optimal for fertilization is much & apos ; younger & apos ; in the polar seastar .
during the austral winter ( pearse , 1965 ; 1969 ; pearse et al . , 1991 ; stanwell - smith and peck , 1998 ;
ling program ( rats ) ( grange et al . , 2004 ) ) . the
conway , 2000 ; peck et al . , 2009ab ; peck et al . ,
2002 ; peck et al . , 2004 ; pörtner , 2010 ) . the upper
5–6ºc ( peck , 2002 ; peck et al . , 2008 ) . this upper
temperatures having risen over 1°c in the last 50 years ( meredith and king , 2005 ) . these rising
acknowledge a grant to l . j . g . from the natural environment research council
) in the laboratory . biol bull . 1994 ; 186 ( 2 ) : 139–52 .
bosch i , pearse js . developmental types of shallow - water asteroids of mcmurdo sound , antarctica . mar biol .
: no evidence for inter - annual variation . j exp mar biol ecol . 2011 ; 404 ( 1–2 ) : 98–107
hoegh - guldberg o , pearse js . temperature , food availability , and the development of marine invertebrate
size in marine invertebrates . mar biol . 2001 ; 138 ( 6 ) : 1153–61 .
role of sperm dilution , gamete age , and contact time . sci mar . 2006 ; 70 ( s3 ) : 309–17 .
broadcast spawning gorgonian corals . biol bull . 1996 ; 190 ( 1 ) : 45–55 .
. proc r soc lond ser b biol sci . 2000 ; 267 ( 1443 ) : 531–4 .
levitan dr , petersen c . sperm limitation in the sea . trends ecol evol . 1995 ; 10 ( 6 ) : 228–31 .
levitan dr , sewell ma , chia fs . kinetics of fertilization in the sea urchin
interaction of gamete dilution , age , and contact time . biol bull . 1991 ; 181 ( 3
meidel sk , yund po . egg longevity and time - integrated fertilization in a temperate sea urchin
half of the 20th century . geophys . res . lett . 2005 ; 32 : l19604 .


endoxyla neuroxantha is a moth in the family cossidae .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland , new south wales and south australia .

endoxyla neuroxantha

if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
turner , a . j . 1936 ,
new australian lepidoptera
, proceedings of the royal society of queensland , vol . 47 , pp . 25 - 50
turner , a . j . 1945 ,
a revision of the australian cossidae ( lepidoptera )
, proceedings of the royal society of queensland , vol . 56 , pp . 47 - 70
lower , o . b . 1900 ,
descriptions of new australian lepidoptera
, proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , vol . 25 , pp . 29 - 51 , 403 - 423
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7228594d - c8b5 - 4551 - 92ed - ad99bf3ecc82
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 9ed25ccd - 4a88 - 44d1 - 9bc9 - 53bbb9929417
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b978bb6c - 2d0b - 430e - affd - 63706ad94ac8
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 378130
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !


catopta albimacula is a moth in the cossidae family .

it was described by staudinger in 1899 .

it is found in kyrgyzstan , kazakhstan , tadzhikistan and china ( xinjang-uigurian autonomous region ) .

catopta albimacula

figures 91 − 98 . distribution maps of cossidae of afghanistan : 91 . catopta cashmirensis ( moore , 1879 ) ; 92 . catopta eberti daniel , 1964 ; 93 . catopta kendevanensis daniel , 1937 ; 94 . catopta rocharva sheljuzhko , 1943 ; 95 . kotchevnik tapinus ( püngeler , 1898 ) ; 96 . cossus afghanistana daniel , 1953 ; 97 . holcocerus nobilis staudinger , 1884 ; 98 . holcocerus tancrei pungeler , 1898 .
the new subfamily of cossidae ; catoptinae yakovlev , subfam . n . , well distinguished from other representatives of the family , is described . the new subfamily includes two genera : catopta staudinger , 1899 ( type genus ) and chiangmaiana kemal et koçak , 2006 . a catalogue of the subfamily is presented . one new synonym catopta hyrcanus ( christoph , 1888 ) = catopta brandti bryk , 1947 , syn . n . , is established . the new subfamily has the following distinguishing features : short valvae ; reduced processes of transtilla ; vesica with numerous cornuti ; pearshaped bursa copulatrix ; and very short ductus bursae .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
original russian text © r . v . yakovlev , 2009 , published in zoologicheskii zhurnal , 2009 , vol . 88 , no . 10 , pp . 1207–1212 .
gentili , p . , “revision sistematica de los cossidae ( lep . ) de la patagonia andina , ” revta . soc . entomol . argentina
schoorl , j . w . , “a phylogenetic study on cossidae ( lepidoptera : ditrysia ) based on external adult morphology , ” zool . verhandl .
an annotated species list of carpenter moths ( lepidoptera , cossidae ) of the altai mountain range is presented . it includes 26 species from 3 subfamilies . two species are new to science : semagystia tarbagataica yakovlev , sp . n . and dyspessa saissanica yakovlev , sp . n . the former differs from the other species of the genus ( except semagystia enigma yakovlev , 2007 from southeastern turkey whose wing pattern is totally reduced ) in the absence of wing pattern ; a specific clavate shape of the process on the costal margin of valve is also its important diagnostic character . dyspessa saissanica yakovlev , sp . n . belongs to the well - revised dyspessa salicicola ( eversmann , 1848 ) species group ( yakovlev , 2005 ) ; the closest species is d . salicicola , which also has elongate processes of the pectinate antennae and a weakly developed ridge on the costal marginof valve . the newly described species is different in having a poorly developed dark pattern on the forewings , very broad bases of the processes of the transtilla , a thinner base of the aedeagus , and thinner lateral processes of the juxta . in conclusion , the carpenter moth fauna of the altai mountains is briefly analyzed .
original russian text © r . v . yakovlev , 2014 , published in zoologicheskii zhurnal , 2014 , vol . 93 , no . 5 , pp . 651–661 .
dubatolov , v . v . , “tiger - moths of eurasia ( lepidoptera , arctiidae ) ( nyctemerini by rob de vos and vladimir v . dubatolov ) , ” neue entomol . nachrichten
hua , b . , chou , i . , fang , d . , and chen , s . ,
kamelin , r . v . , kutsev , m . g . , tikhonov , d . v . , shaulo , d . n . , shmakov , a . i . , and viane , r . l . l . ,
( azbuka , barnaul , 2005 ) , vol . 1 [ in russian ] .
nieukerken , e . j . van , kaila , l . , kitching , i . j . , kristensen , n . p . , lees , d . c . , et al . “order lepidoptera linnaeus , 1758 , ” zootaxa
schoorl , j . w . , “a phylogenetic study on cossidae ( lepidoptera : ditrysia ) based on external adult morphology , ” zool . verhand .
tshikolovets , v . v . , yakovlev , r . v . , and balint , z . ,
tshikolovets , v . v . , yakovlev , r . v . , and kosterin , o . e . ,
ustjuzhanin , p . ya . and kovtunovich , v . n . , “fauna of plume moths ( lepidoptera , pterophoridae ) of the altai mts . within the limits of russia and kazakhstan , ” altaiskii zool . zh .
ustjuzhanin , p . ya . and kovtunovich , v . n . , “the fauna of plume moths ( lepidoptera , pterophoridae ) of mongolia , ” altaiskii zool . zh .
butterflies ( lepidoptera , diurna ) of the altai mountain range . ecology and zoogeography
( izd - vo altaiskogo un - ta , barnaul , 2003 ) [ in russian ] .
yakovlev , r . v . , “carpenter moths ( lepidoptera , cossidae ) of mongolia , ” evraziat . entomol . zh .
yakovlev , r . v . , “carpenter moths ( lepidoptera , cossidae ) of siberia , ” evraziat . entomol . zh .
yakovlev , r . v . , “faunistic groups of carpenter - moths ( lepidoptera , cossidae ) in the fauna of russia , ” entomol . obozr .
( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( lepidoptera , cossidae ) , ” amurskii zool . zh .
schoorl , 1990 ( lepidoptera , cossidae ) , ” evraziat . entomol . zh .
yakovlev , r . v . , “catalogue of the family cossidae of the old world ( lepidoptera ) , ” neue entomol . nachrichten
yakovlev , 2011 ( lepidoptera , cossidae ) with a description of a new species , ” evraziat . entomol . zh .
yakovlev , r . v . , “checklist of butterflies ( papilionoidea ) of the mongolian altai mountains , including descriptions of new taxa , ” nota lepidopterol .
yakovlev , roman v . , pljustch , igor g . , skrylnik , yuriy , pak , oleg & witt , thomas j . , 2015 , the cossidae ( lepidoptera ) of afghanistan with description of three new species and special notes on the fauna of bande - amir national park , zootaxa 3990 ( 1 ) , pp . 41 - 72 : 44 - 45
, pakistan , afghanistan , nepal , bhutan , china ( tibet , n . yunnan ) . reported for pandshir - tal , parian ( daniel 1964 ) .
material examined : 1 male , so afghanistan , safed - koh , südseite kotkal , 2350 m , 21 . 06 . −1 . 07 . 1969 , leg . vartian ( mnhw ) .
type locality : afghanistan , hazaradjat , koh - i - baba , pandjao umg . type material : holotype ( male ) in zssm , examined .
habitat and biology . flight period : end of june . altitude : 2500 m . material examined : 1 male ( holotype ) , afghanistan , hazaradjat , koh - i - baba , pandjao umg . , 2500 m , 26 . 06 . −1 . 07 . 1961 , leg . g . ebert ( zssm ) .
type locality : persia s . , elburs mts . c . , kendevan pass . [ pass kendevan , elburs mts . range , iran ] . type material : holotype ( male ) in zssm , examined .
type locality : anjuman pass , anjuman - gebirge , badakschan , no - afghanistan . type material : holotype ( male ) in zssm , examined .
habitat and biology . flight period : july−august . altitude : 3000−4200 m ( daniel 1964 ; 1965 ) . material examined : 8 males , 4 females ( holotype , allotype and 10 paratypes ) , no afghanistan , anjuman pass , anjuman - gebirge , badakschan , 4000−4200 m , 11−13 . 08 . [ 19 ] 52 , leg . klapperich ( zssm ) ; 4 males , 1 female , afghanistan , badakhshan , bala - kuran loc . , 10 . 0 7 . 2003 , leg . local coll . ( mwm ) ; 1 male , afghanistan , anjuman , 3000 m , 10 . 0 8 . 1963 , leg . omoto ( zssm ) .
type locality : rocharv im pjandzh - tale ( ruschan ) [ rushan , tadzhikistan ] . type material : holotype ( male ) in zmku
distribution : tadzhikistan ( gissar , w pamir ) , ne afghanistan ( daniel 1964 ) . reported for badakshan , sarekanda ( daniel 1964 ) .
habitat and biology . flight period : july . altitude : 3600 m ( daniel 1964 ) . material examined : 1 male , hindukush , panjir , 2500 , 29 . 0 7 . 1971 , leg . flauger ( mwm ) .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
yakovlev , roman v . , pljustch , igor g . , skrylnik , yuriy , pak , oleg & witt , thomas j . 2015
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
subscription or article purchase required to access item . to verify subscription , access previous purchase , or purchase article , log in to journal .
sign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .
have a fact about catopsilia crocale ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for catopsilia crocale ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .
simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .


the yamur lake grunter or jamur lake grunter ( variichthys jamoerensis ) is a species of fish in the terapontidae family .

it is endemic to lake yamur ( alternatively spelled jamur ) on west papua in indonesia .

yamur lake grunter

* jamur lake grunter , variichthys jamoerensis ( mees , 1971 ) . * lake grunter , variichthys lacustris ( mees & kailola , 1977 ) . references - *
terapontidae
. fishbase . ed . rainer froese and daniel pauly . more
varia jamoerensis is endemic to lake yamur situated in the middle of the isthmus that joins the main part of irian jaya with the vogelkop peninsula .
jamur lake grunter ; variichthys jamoerensis last update : 31 - 12 - 69 submitted by administrator max . size : 8 . 5 cm sl ( male / unsexed ; ref . more
the freshwater lake habitat of this species is 6 - 7 km in diameter .
adults occur in a shallow lake with clear water and moderate aquatic vegetation ( ref . 2847 ) . eggs are guarded and fanned by the male parent ( ref . 205 ) .
asia : known only from lake jamur in the center of the narrow isthmus that separates the bomberai and vogelkop peninsulas ( irian jaya , indonesia ) from the remainder of new guinea .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
cfm script by eagbayani , 28 . 08 . 01 , php script by cmilitante , 04 / 03 / 10 , last modified by cmilitante , 11 / 12 / 12
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
8 . 5 cm sl ( male / unsexed ; ( ref . 2847 ) )
eggs are guarded and fanned by the male parent ( ref . 205 ) .
allen , g . 1996 . varia jamoerensis . in : iucn 2012 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2012 . 2 . downloaded on 26 june 2013 .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
urltoken is the one place to find ( or create your own ) lists and detailed data on everything from ' celebrity bios ' to ' space - exploration ' , from new - cars to golf - courses . categorized and organized into searchable lists ( piglix ) , a piglix ( which is our cute name for a collection or list ) contains references to other piglix and / or links to concise articles . everything you need or want to know about any related group of objects , places , people or events ( : ) lists of ' stuff ' , you name it , we have it . . .
evi , an amazon company , was founded in 2005 under the name true knowledge . the team started out with a mission to make it possible to access the world ' s knowledge simply by asking for information using natural language .
we’re part of the amazon alexa team based in amazon ' s innovative cambridge development centre , alongside other amazon teams including prime air , core machine learning , amazon devices and amazon web services .


boehm 's bush squirrel ( paraxerus boehmi ) is a species of rodents in the family sciuridae found in burundi , the democratic republic of the congo , kenya , rwanda , south sudan , tanzania , uganda , and zambia .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , and moist savanna .

boehm ' s bush squirrel

boehm ' s bush squirrel or paraxerus boehmi is listed on the iucn red list ( 1996 ) as lower risk / least concern . ( full text )
the boehm ' s bush squirrel is listed as least concern . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species
a young / baby of a boehm is called a ' pup , kit or kitten ' . the females are called ' doe ' and males ' buck ' . a boehm group is called a ' dray or scurry ' .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
nowak , r . m . , 1991 : walker ' s mammals of the world ; part 1 . –the johns hopkins university press , baltimore and london , 1991 , xlviii - 642 - lxiii
nowak , r . m . , 1991 : walker ' s mammals of the world ; part 2 . –the johns hopkins university press , baltimore and london , 1991 , xii - 643 - 1629
mckenna , m . c . & bell , s . k . , ( eds . ) 1997 : classification of mammals – above the species level . –columbia university press , new york , 1997 , xii - 631
english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
this largely central african species has been recorded from eastern democratic republic of the congo , uganda , extreme southern sudan , northwest tanzania and northern zambia . the distribution is between 5°n and 8°s extending on the right bank of the zaire river between ( from west to east ) the ubangi river and nile river and western shores of lake victoria , and south to the mweru - wantipa flats . there is an extralimital record from maryal bai and malek in southern sudan , and they may well be contiguous with the specimens collected further south . this species might also occur in central african republic , although this needs to be confirmed .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
the form p . b . vulcanorum has been regarded as a separate species by some authorities ( e . g . , schouteden 1946 ) .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , it occurs in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
this species is commonly found in the undergrowth and lower storey of tropical moist forest . animals have been recorded from wooded savanna in eastern democratic republic of the congo ( rahm and christiaensen 1963 ) , and at the edge of plantations and along roadsides ( rahm 1966 ) . it is arboreal and diurnal , with animals normally solitary but sometimes encountered in pairs or threes . breeding seems to occur throughout the year , usually with a single young born .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t16204a115131686 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
the world association for the development of philately ( wadp ) and the universal postal union ( upu ) jointly conceived and developed the wadp numbering system - wns , which was launched on 1 january 2002 .
carroll , r . l . , 1988 : vertebrate paleontology and evolution . –w . h . freeman and company , new york , 1988 , 698 .
carroll , r . l . , 1988 : appendix . 594 - 648 . in carroll , r . l . , 1988 : vertebrate paleontology and evolution . –w . h . freeman and company , new york , 1988 , 698 .
enter your email address to subscribe to this site and receive notifications of new posts by email .
genetically welsh , spiritually australian , currently in new york city . i ' ve lived and worked in london , canberra , paris and lusaka , and visited about 100 countries .