nyctipolus is a genus of nightjars in the family caprimulgidae .

it contains the following two species , both of which were formerly assigned to the genus caprimulgus .

blackish nightjar , nyctipolus nigrescens pygmy nightjar , nyctipolus hirundinaceus

nyctipolus

nyctipolus nigrescens ( del hoyo and collar 2014 ) was previously placed in the genus caprimulgus .
previously subsumed within caprimulgus , but recent studies indicate that separate treatment is more appropriate # r # r . some recent authors have subsumed nyctipolus within antrostomus # r .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : nyctipolus nigrescens . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
cleere , n . & de juana , e . ( 2018 ) . pygmy nightjar ( nyctipolus hirundinaceus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
cleere , n . & de juana , e . ( 2018 ) . blackish nightjar ( nyctipolus nigrescens ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
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ioc _ names _ file _ plus - 8 . 2g : 8 . 2
propose to merge apodiformes , including owlet - nightjars as well as swifts and hummingbirds , with the caprimulgiform nightbirds to define a spectacular basal adaptive radiation of neoaves .
au : w papuan is . , new guinea and aru is . and ne australia
. treat as monotypic . beehler & pratt 2016 , holyoak 1999b , 2001 , cleere 2010 .
or : banggi i . ( n of borneo ) and palawan ( philippines )
sumatra , borneo , bangka , belitung ( e of sumatra ) and banggi is ( n of borneo ) .
are the sister taxon to rest of the caprimulgidae ( barrowclough et al . 2006 , larsen et al . 2007 ) , but they are not equivalent in rank to other families in the caprimulgiformes .
are the basal to rest of the caprimulgidae , and thus placed first in the sequence of the genera ( barrowclough et al . 2006 , larsen et al . 2007 ) .
before least nighthawk , its sister species ( han et al . 2010 , sacc 467 )
na : s florida , bahama is . , cuba , hispaniola , jamaica , puerto rico and the virgin is .
, are revised following sacc # 522 based on han et al . 2010 .
is split from band - winged nightjar ( cleere 2010 , sacc 677 ) . english name provisional .
ne pakistan through the himalayas to ne india , myanmar , s china and the malay pen .
is a newly described species ( sangster & rozendaal 2004 ) ; under review by bli .
( dowsett et al . 2008 , jackson 2014 , h & m4 , hbw alive )
s thai - malay pen . , greater sundas and w , c lesser sundas
prigogine ' s nightjar is a very deep branch between nighthawks and nightjars , warranting generic revision ( fjeldså comm unpubl ) .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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placement of this species in present genus tentative ; study required . three subspecies recognized .
( cory , 1917 ) – ne brazil from n ceará s to extreme n bahia .
( spix , 1825 ) – ne brazil in s piauí , bahia ( except extreme n ) and alagoas .
( ribon , 1995 ) – e brazil in se minas gerais and wc espírito santo .
16–20 cm ; 26 g ( one male ) . sexually dimorphic . upperparts and wing - coverts greyish brown , densely speckled greyish white or tawny and buff ; no scapular pattern and no . . .
song of male is a short , whistled “wheeo” or “wheo” , often preceded by 3 . . .
poorly documented . breeding season apparently lengthy , since eggs or chicks recorded at least in jan , mar , may , jun , jul and nov . . .
not globaly threatened ( least concern ) . restricted - range species : present in north - east brazilian caatinga eba . currently considered near - threatened . previously considered . . .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
formerly thought to be closely related to , and even conspecific with , setopagis whitelyi ( both then placed in genus caprimulgus ) , but the two differ significantly in voice # r and , moreover , recent genetic study found them not to be part of same lineage # r . bolivian birds sometimes separated as race australis , but differences from others in range appear trivial . monotypic .
e colombia and e ecuador e through s venezuela , the guianas and amazonian brazil , s to e peru and n bolivia .
19·5–21·5 cm ; male 32–42 g , female 32–50 g . sexually dimorphic . upperparts blackish , heavily mottled tawny , cinnamon , buff and greyish - white , . . .
song of male is a soft , purring “pru , r , r , r , t” or “qu , r , r , r , t” , given from . . .
mainly sparsely vegetated , open stony country with granite outcrops , and rocky places in and along . . .
feeds on moths , beetles and other insects . forages over rocky outcrops and above tree canopy .
breeds possibly may–aug in guyana , feb–mar and aug–nov in surinam ( coinciding with dry season , though eggs found in all . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . abundant in suitable habitat throughout amazon basin . very common in some regions of colombia such as guainía and vaupé . . .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' fairly common but patchily distributed ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
same bird as capnig04 . wet premontane forest . reference : lixa 522 - 525 marantz counter ( capnig6 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
edge of humid forest . reference : cxxxvia 323 - 366 ( capnig5 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) . filtered version on moore et al . ( 2013 ) urltoken
wet premontane forest . reference : lixa 520 - 522 marantz counter ( capnig4 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
id certainty 90 % . ( archiv . tape 374 side a track 13 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 357 side a track 6 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 357 side a track 6 seq . b )
distance to mic . 8m . same ‘lek’ as xc122513 . different ‘pink’ calls then ‘song’ from 0 . 32 . at least four individuals ( apparently all males ) sat 1 - 5m apart on ground . long periods of inactivity with some calling , then ‘songs’ associated with much shuffling on ground , some wing raising , occasionally culminating in short chasing flights .
distance to mic . 8m . typical calls at ‘lek’ of 4 - 6 birds ( all appeared to be males ) given from ground . all individuals sat 1 - 5m apart . full moonlight two days prior to full moon . birds in track next to very small quarry ( where we were camped ! ) in old growth lowland forest with history of selective logging .
previously published on avocet as av10081 . certainty : 100 % . id determined by : not specifically indicated ; recordist normally sees birds recorded and indicates if any question ; matches xc cuts . gps : google earth . frog - like notes towards end seem to be alarm calls
id certainty 90 % . ( archiv . tape 374 side a track 13 seq . b )
faint purring calls along the taboca trail 1 / 2km from lodge in terra firme forest .
id certainty 90 % . ( archiv . tape 156 side a track 47 seq . d )
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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pseudoperna is a genus of extinct very small oysters .

pseudoperna live in tight groups .

this small oyster is commonly found attached in groups to the shell of large species such as inoceramus .

pycnodonte and pseudoperna are preserved mostly as calcitic valves and are also found attached to mytiloides .

pseudoperna

pseudoperna congesta from cretaceous of kansas niobrara chalk - $ 4 . 95 | picclick
how can i put and write and define pseudoperna in a sentence and how is the word pseudoperna used in a sentence and examples ? 用pseudoperna造句 , 用pseudoperna造句 , 用pseudoperna造句 , pseudoperna meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
pseudoperna congesta ( conrad in nicollet , 1843 ) - fossil oysters encrusting a platyceramus platinus inoceramid bivalve shell in the cretaceous of kansas , usa .
pseudoperna congesta also called ostrea congesta in older books . from cretaceous from fort hays limestone niobrara chalk ellis co kansas . about 1 1 / 2 inchs acrossed .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : pseudoperna congesta ( t . a . conrad , 1843 ) † - id : 7608000083
in addition to species of inoceramids various chalky limestones of the pfeifer have yielded also sparse molds of ammonites , calcite - filled molds of baculitids and hamitids , pseudoperna bentonensis , anomia sp . a , a scalpellid , and rare trace fossils . the cirripeds and oysters occur mainly on inoceramid valves .
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the jetmore was named
jetmore chalk member
by rubey and bass ( 1925 , p . 45 ) from
exposures south and east of jetmore , along the south side of buckner creek , in hodgeman county , kansas .
moss ( 1932 , p . 29 ) designated as type locality a site located one - half mile south of jetmore where the member is 22 . 5 feet thick . the only complete exposure of jetmore beds in this vicinity is on the east side of a north - south county road in nw sec . 7 , t . 23 s . , r . 23 w . ( loc . 50 ) . i have remeasured this section and found moss ' figure to be exact . because the term
chalk
conveys the notion of lithologic homogeneity not manifest in the shaly chalk , chalky limestone , and limestone content of the jetmore , and because chalk lithology does not distinguish the jetmore from adjacent members , i recommend that the name be emended to simply jetmore member .
as defined by rubey and bass ( 1925 , p . 46 , 47 ) the jetmore occupies the stratigraphic interval extending from 20 to 40 feet below the top of the greenhorn formation ( sic ) and consists of chalky shale ( sic ) and 12 to 15 beds of chalky limestone of which the
inoceramus limestone
( shellrock limestone bed of present report ) is uppermost and lies at the top of the member . although the upper few feet of the jetmore are more closely related lithologically and genetically to overlying beds of the pfeifer , for purposes of this report i have accepted the top of the shellrock bed as upper limit of the member .
as defined herein , the upper and lower limits of the jetmore correspond to those indicated in sections measured by wing ( 1930 , p . 27 ) and moss ( 1932 , p . 29 ) and are recognized readily throughout the central kansas outcrop . exactly corresponding limits can be recognized also in hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) where the jetmore equivalent has been included in a stratigraphically more embracive unit called bridge creek limestone member by bass ( 1926 , p . 66 ) .
in central kansas the jetmore ranges in thickness from 12 . 9 to 22 . 6 feet , averaging 18 . 7 feet for 18 measurements , including one that is a composite section . thickness of the exactly corresponding interval in hamilton county is 25 . 4 feet . thickness values are lowest in jewell and cloud counties in the northeast and thicken gradually and almost uniformly towards the southwest .
figure 10 - - stratigraphic features of the jetmore member . a ) exposure of the jetmore member west of canyon road , sec . 20 , t . 13 s . , r . 14 w . , russell county showing four submembers that are marked with vertical bars labeled a through d in ascending order . b ) exposure of lower part of lower submember , sec . 16 , t . 6 s . , r . 3 w . , cloud county ( loc . 48 ) . chalky limestone beds are numbered . bed labeled
f
is skeletal limestone composed of planktonic foraminifer tests . c ) exposure of upper three submembers on north side of u . s . highway 24 at glen elder , sec . 27 , t . 6 s . , r . 9 w . , mitchell county , kansas . lowest three beds and intervening shaly chalks comprise second submember . a widespread bentonite seam lies at the level of bob frey ' s right foot . third submember is shaly chalk interval between jt - 12 and jt - 13 ( arrows mark positions of chalky limestone layers ) . fourth submember , labeled jt - 13 , is shellrock limestone bed .
figure 11 - - stratigraphic features of the lower submember of the jetmore and equivalent part of the bridge creek member . a ) exposure of middle part of bridge creek member , sec . 14 , t . 23 s . , r . 42 w . , hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) showing strata equivalent to most of lower submember beds ( jt - 3 to jt - 10 ) . note thicker interval of shaly chalk separating jt - 6 from jt - 7 and local thickening in jt - 7 . b ) burrow - mottled chalky limestone from marker bed jt - 3 , sec . 5 , t . 13 s . , r . 15 w . , russell county ( loc . 25 ) . structures are mostly referrable to planolites nicholson . x1 . c ) burrow - mottled chalky limestone bed ( jt - 7 ) in bridge creek member , sec . 14 , t . 23 s . , r . 42 w . , hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) . note lack of stratification within bed and gradational contact , especially at base , with adjacent shaly chalk units . cent for scale . d ) exposure of lower part of jetmore member , sec . 18 , t . 13 s . , r . 12 w . , russell county ( loc . 3 ) , showing laminated nature of shaly chalk ( surrounding cent ) and laminated bed of skeletal limestone ( f ) composed mainly of planktonic foraminifer tests .
chalky limestone layers in the basal submember tend to be uneven at top and base . where weathered , the beds may stand out sharply from the surface , usually with well - defined upper and lower contacts , but in fresh exposures the contacts are commonly gradational , suggesting that conditions which created the beds were initiated and terminated gradually ( fig . 11 , c ) .
figure 12 - - stratigraphic features of the jetmore member and equivalent part of bridge creek member . a ) shaly chalk specimen from between jt - 2 and jt - 3 , cut normal to bedding , showing thin laminations characteristic of lower part of basal submember , sec . 18 , t . 13 s . , r . 12 w . , russell county ( loc . 3 ) . x1 . b ) shaly chalk specimen from between jt - 7 and jt - 8 , cut normal to bedding , showing imperfectly laminated rock from upper part of basal submember , sec . 27 , t . 6 s . , r . 9 w . , mitchell county ( loc . 1 ) . light - colored grains are foraminifera . light - colored , lensing laminae are composed mostly of foraminifera . x1 . c ) exposure of
hard beds
submember , sec . 14 , t . 23 s . , r . 42 w . , hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) . this locality is 230 miles from the exposure illustrated in figure 10 , c . note tendency of these beds to fracture roughly parallel to bedding . d ) upper surface of limestone slab ( float ) from one of three
hard beds ,
sec . 18 , t . 8 s . , r . 3 w . , cloud county ( loc . 46 ) , showing little - flattened molds of inoceramus ( mytiloides ) labiatus . x1 / 2 .
in most kansas exposures a discontinuous , lensing layer of foraminiferal limestone lies in the shaly chalk that separates marker beds jt - 1 and jt - 2 ( fig . 10 , b ) . at localities 10 and 20 the basal 0 . 5 and 0 . 2 foot , respectively , of the shaly chalk unit contains several very thin lenses of foraminiferal limestone any one or all of which may represent the foram bed of other localities . at localities 4 and 15 the foraminiferal limestone is apparently absent . the foram bed lies anywhere from 0 . 25 to 0 . 5 foot above the top of jt - 1 . color is olive gray where fresh and grayish orange and very pale orange to very pale yellowish brown where weathered . the bed is thinly laminated ( fig . 11 , d ) , and locally cross laminated . at locality 3 the cross laminae dip 7° to 15° in a n 10° e direction . this is in general correspondence with current data for skeletal limestones in the lower part of the lincoln member ( see above ) . foram - filled burrow structures of the planolites type up to 13 mm in diameter were recorded in this bed of localities 45 , 48 and 68 .
very thin ( 0 . 01 - foot - thick ) bentonite seams were observed a short distance above jt - 2 at localities 14 and 50 ; otherwise this submember apparently lacks bentonite .
because of greater resistance to the hammer and to erosion i refer to limestones of the second submember of the jetmore as the
hard beds
( figs . 10 , c ; 12 , c ) . in hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) these beds are included in the bridge creek member . thickness of this interval ranges from 2 . 6 feet ( locality 20 , jewell county ) to 4 . 0 feet ( locality 14 , hamilton county ) averaging 3 . 1 feet for 20 measurements . for convenience the three limestone marker beds in this submember are designated ( ascending ) jt - 10 , jt - 11 , and jt - 12 . thickness of these beds is as follows :
where least weathered the color of these beds is dark olive gray ( 5y3 / 1 ) to light olive gray ( 5y6 / 1 , 5y5 / 2 ) or yellowish gray ( 5y7 / 2 ) . weathered beds are pale grayish yellow , grayish orange , or pale grayish orange . at most places these limestones are harder , and more brittle than adjacent chalky limestone beds and during weathering tend to shatter more or less parallel to the bedding ( fig . 12 , c ) . upper and lower surfaces of the beds are generally undulatory . all of the beds contain burrow structures and these are most abundant in jt - 10 but these limestone beds are not as extensively burrowed as beds jt - 1 through jt - 9 . the burrows are of two major kinds including large irregularly meandering chalk - filled structures assignable to planolites and slender ( 2 to 4 mm diameter ) smooth - walled straight to slightly sinuous structures filled with phanerocrystalline calcite or , less commonly , pyrite . the second type may be oriented at any angle to the bedding .
these data suggest either that the valves have suffered little transport , or that the concave up position is the more stable . the former interpretation is regarded as the more likely .
other fossils in the hard beds include baculites cf . b . yokoyamai , which is better preserved here than in other parts of jetmore , molds of a smooth baculitid that may be imperfectly preserved b . cf . b . yokoyamai , sparse oysters ( probably pycnodonte sp . a ) , and rare specimens of tragodesmoceras bassi ( locality 66 ) , mammites nodosoides wingi ( locs . 46 and 65 ) , and watinoceras reesidei ( locality 35 ) . specimen abundance was measured in two 1 / 4 - meter areas on bed jt - 10 at locality 3 , with the following results :
figure 13 - - stratigraphic features of the upper part of the jetmore member and equivalent part of bridge creek member . a ) weathered surface of shaly chalk between jt - 12 and jt - 13 , sec . 18 , t . 8 s . , r . 3 w . , cloud county ( loc . 46 ) , showing characteristic abundance of inoceramus fragments . cent for scale . b ) single bed of irregular - shaped , lens - like bodies of shell - rich limestone in part of bridge creek member that is equivalent to the third submember of the jetmore , sec . 14 , t . 23 s . , r . 42 w . , hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) . laminae of adjacent shaly chalk arch above and bend beneath the concretionary masses of limestone . c ) exposure of shellrock limestone , sec . 28 , t . 15 s . , r . 17 w . , ellis county , showing oblate - spheroidal concretions in upper part of bed . d ) view , normal to bedding , of central part of shellrock limestone bed , sec . 18 , t . 8 s . , r . 3 w . , cloud county ( loc . 46 ) , showing abundant whole valves of inoceramus ( mytiloides ) labiatus . cent for scale .
at localities where only one of these limestone beds is present between jt - 12 and jt - 13 , as at localities 14 and 15 , it is the lower , discontinuous , shell - rich bed that lies in the lower half of the interval ( figs . 2 , d ; 13 , b ) . where more than two beds are present , as at localities 6 , 20 , and 68 , the additional bed is in the lower half of the interval and is lithologically and paleontologically similar to the lower , discontinuous , shell - rich bed of chalky limestone . these chalky limestones are usually speckled by nearly white spheroidal pellets , like those in adjacent shaly chalk . in most sections studied the limestones are weathered , with grayish orange , pale grayish orange ( 10yr8 / 4 ) and yellowish gray ( 5y7 / 2 , 5y8 / 1 ) colors prevailing . where least weathered the lower , shell - rich concretionary bed is olive gray ( 5y4 / 1 ) and the layer of oblate spheroidal concretions is medium gray . both kinds of limestone project conspicuously from weathered slopes . adjacent layers of shaly chalk generally arch above and bend beneath these limestone bodies , suggesting that lithification was well advanced prior to final compaction of the shaly chalk ( fig . 13 , b ) .
these chalky limestones are identical , respectively , to the irregular , discontinuous , shell - rich , concretionary beds and layers of oblate spheroidal concretions that characterize the pfeifer member ; furthermore , the shellrock limestone bed , which overlies the third submember , is not only concretionary in its upper part but also lithologically more like beds of chalky limestone in the pfeifer than like the limestones in jetmore beds jt - 1 through jt - 12 . jetmore strata above jt - 12 are related genetically to the pfeifer and should be reclassified as a part of the pfeifer member ( hattin , 1968a ) .
except for concretionary rock at the top of the shellrock , the bed usually is crowded with whole shells and fragments of mytiloides labiatus ( fig . 13 , d ) . these are usually more concentrated near the middle or in the lower half of the unit . the shells are nearly all arranged parallel to bedding and virtually all are disarticulated . most specimens retain some of the original convexity ; orientation is mostly concave down . sparry calcite - filled sheltered voids were observed beneath valves of inoceramus at locality 50 . meter - long taut - line counts of whole valves on bed surfaces were made at three localities with the following results :
as noted above , the biostratigraphic zonation of the greenhorn is treated in a separate part of this report and is not based on all of the macroinvertebrate species . the following list includes all macroinvertebrates recorded in jetmore and equivalent bridge creek strata during the present study . inclusion of a taxon in this list does not indicate co - occurrence with all the other species . common forms are preceded by an asterisk . rare forms , or those known from only one locality , are preceded by a dagger .
the jetmore species identified as pseudaspidoceras cornucostale by morrow ( 1935 , p . 469 ) was not recorded during the course of my study . jetmore macroinvertebrate fossils are illustrated in plates 7 , 8 , and 9 .
bivalves from the jetmore member a - g , mytiloides labiatus ( schlotheim ) : a , internal mold of right valve , x1 , ku82160 , middle part of jetmore member at locality 6 ; b , internal mold of right valve , not coated , x1 , ku82159 , middle part of jetmore member at locality 38 ; c , internal mold of left valve , x1 , ku82162 , basal bed of jetmore equivalent of bridge creek member at locality 14 ; d , internal mold of right valve , x1 / 2 , ku82165 , middle part of jetmore member at locality 46 ; e , internal mold of right valve , x1 , ku82163 , lower part of jetmore member at locality 38 ; f , internal mold of right valve , x1 , ku82161 , middle part of jetmore member at locality 4 ; g , internal mold of right valve , x1 , ku82164 , middle part of jetmore member at locality 28 .
ammonites from the jetmore member a , b , c , e , tragodesmoceras bassi morrow : a , internal mold , x1 , specimen from fort hays kansas state college collection , 11847 , probably from one of the three hard beds of the jetmore member . locality unknown ; b , combination of internal and external mold , x1 , ku82146 , middle part of jetmore member at locality 66 ; c , flattened internal mold , x1 , ku82144 , middle part of jetmore member at locality 67 ; e , latex cast of external mold , x1 , ku82145 , middle part of jetmore member at locality 28 . d , vascoceras birchbyi cobban & scott , fragment of internal mold , x1 / 2 , ku82143 , basal bed of jetmore equivalent of bridge creek member at locality 14 . f , g , watinoceras reesidei warren : f , latex cast of external mold , x1 , ku82147 , lower part of jetmore member at locality 20 ; g , internal mold , x1 , ku82151 , float from lower part of jetmore member at locality 1 .
the pfeifer shale member of the greenhorn was named by bass ( 1926 , p . 32 ) for exposures near the town of pfeifer ( pi ' fer ) , ellis county , kansas . the pfeifer is well exposed here in bluffs that rise above the north side of smoky hill river . according to bass a measured section of the pfeifer in se sec . 21 , t . 15 s . , r . 17 w . is 18 feet 11 inches in thickness and the member ranges from 19 to 21 feet in the county . at locality 5 , 2 . 5 miles west northwest of pfeifer , i found the pfeifer to be 19 . 8 feet in thickness . the member includes strata lying between the shellrock limestone bed ( jt - 13 ) and the top of the fencepost limestone bed and is composed primarily of shaly rock through which are scattered continuous beds ; irregular , discontinuous , shell - rich , concretionary beds ; or layers of oblate spheroidal concretions of chalky limestone . in hamilton county the member was included by bass ( 1926 , p . 69 ) in the more embracive bridge creek limestone member of the greenhorn , but the exact equivalent of the pfeifer is readily recognizable there ( see plate 1 ) . the pfeifer member has received formal recognition only in kansas where the thickness ranges from 15 . 2 ( loc . 1 ) to 25 . 8 feet ( loc . 14 , pfeifer equivalent in bridge creek member ) generally thickening from ne to sw , and averaging 19 . 72 feet for 14 measurements .
the pfeifer contains three widely traceable marker units that can be recognized throughout the kansas outcrop . for convenience these are designated pf - 1 ( fig . 14 , a ) , pf - 2 ( fig . 4 , b ) , and pf - 3 ( fig . 4 , b , c , d ; 5 , c , d ) and consist , respectively , of an unnamed bed of chalky limestone that everywhere directly overlies a thin seam of bentonite , a bentonite and granular - calcite unit known as the sugar sand , and the fencepost limestone bed ( see pl . 1 ) . the member contains three other widely traceable marker beds . two of these are bentonite seams which can be identified positively throughout central kansas . these seams lie close to the sugar sand and fencepost bed , respectively , and cannot be recognized on their own merits . the third is a thin flat bed of chalky limestone lying less than a foot above the sugar sand and has been observed at all but a few central kansas exposures . marker beds pf - 1 and pf - 3 are readily identified in the pfeifer equivalent of the bridge creek in hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) , and the identification of pf - 2 is reasonably certain . of the remaining three , noncoded markers , only one , a bentonite seam lying shortly below the fencepost bed , can be recognized at locality 14 .
the dominant lithology in the pfeifer member and equivalent part of the bridge creek member ( loc . 14 ) , is shaly chalk . for practical purposes the shaly chalk may be divided into three , rather embracive units , including the intervals from top of jt - 13 to pf - 1 , from top of pf - 1 to pf - 2 , and from top of pf - 2 to pf - 3 ( fencepost limestone bed ) . the lowest of these intervals ranges from 4 . 5 ( loc . 20 ) to 8 . 3 feet ( loc . 18 ) , averaging 6 . 6 feet for 17 measurements . the second interval ranges from 5 . 3 ( loc . 10 ) to 11 . 8 feet ( loc . 14 ) , averaging 6 . 6 feet for 17 measurements . the third interval of shaly chalk ranges in thickness from 3 . 8 ( loc . 20 ) to 5 . 9 ( loc . 5 ) feet , averaging 4 . 8 feet for 14 measurements .
because of the superior resistance to erosion of the fencepost limestone bed the pfeifer member is exposed most commonly in the upper parts of slopes and bluffs held up by that marker . in consequence the better exposures are generally much weathered . where fresh the shaly chalk is olive black or dark olive gray ( 5y3 / 1 ) and where partly weathered the color is light olive gray ( 5y6 / 1 , 5y5 / 2 ) or , less commonly , light to very light gray . extensively weathered rock is mostly grayish orange to pale grayish orange ( 10yr8 / 4 ) or , less commonly , yellowish gray ( 5y8 / 1 , 5y7 / 2 ) and various pale shades of brown . such weathered rock is commonly stained dark yellowish orange by limonite , especially along fractures . the fresh rock is tough and breaks blocky ; weathered rock is soft and crumbly .
figure 14 - - stratigraphic features of pfeifer member and equivalent part of bridge creek member . a ) exposure of pfeifer member , sec . 18 , t . 13 s . , r . 12 w . , russell county ( loc . 3 ) , showing marker bed pf - 1 . b ) exposure of pfeifer equivalent of bridge creek member , sec . 14 , t . 23 s . , r . 42 w . , hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) , showing laminated character of shaly chalk . slabby weathering bed ( arrow ) is fencepost limestone . c ) exposure of upper part of pfeifer member , sec . 3 , t . 13 s . , r . 11 w . , russell county ( loc . 28 ) , showing nearly continuous bed of coalescent chalky limestone concretions . d ) chalky limestone concretion from upper part of pfeifer member , sec . 3 , t . 13 s . , r . 11 w . , russell county ( loc . 28 ) , showing extraordinarily large specimen of inoceramus cuvieri that apparently served as a nucleus for concretion develop - ment . cent for scale .
in an interval extending from the base of the pfeifer to within a foot of the sugar sand ( marker bed pf - 2 ) the shaly chalk is characterized by a profusion of inoceramid valves and valve fragments and by small , mostly very thin lenses of skeletal limestone or chalky skeletal limestone . at one extreme these lenses consist of stacked or imbricated fragments of inoceramid valves ; at the other they consist wholly of inoceramid prisms and / or tests of planktonic foraminifera . in general the finer grained lenses are very thin usually less than 0 . 01 foot in thickness . such rocks have a chalky matrix or a cement consisting of sparry calcite . the latter have a characteristic pale yellowish - brown to dark yellowish - brown color . some of the lenses are , thinly laminated to gently cross laminated . these lenses project conspicuously from weathered exposures and litter the slopes with their debris . such lenses of limestone are less common , and locally rare , in the basal few feet of the pfeifer .
in the shaly chalk interval extending from a foot or less below the sugar sand to the fencepost limestone bed ( pf - 3 ) , inoceramid valves are much less common , and the section contains few skeletal limestone lenses except for sparse , almost paper - thin lenses of foram tests . lenses or very thin layers of soft , nonlaminated chalk occur locally at the top of the pf - 2 to pf - 3 shaly chalk interval , apparently representing a transition to the fencepost limestone bed .
like the jetmore the pfeifer member is characterized by rich content of chalky limestone . this rock takes the form of widely traceable , continuous beds , including marker beds pf - 1 and pf - 3 ; numerous irregular , discontinuous , shell - rich , concretionary beds of chalky limestone ; and layers of oblate spheroidal chalky limestone concretions that are usually deficient in fossils . because of their special stratigraphic importance the two limestone marker beds are described separately in a later section . the remaining limestones are discussed as components of the intervals jt - 13 to pf - 1 , pf - 1 to pf - 2 , and pf - 2 to pf - 3 and called , respectively , lower , middle , and upper part of the member .
in central kansas the lower part of the member contains from 2 ( loc . 18 ) to 9 ( locs . 3 , 20 ) irregular and discontinuous beds of concretionary shell - rich chalky limestone . in hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) the equivalent interval in the bridge creek member contains no irregular , discontinuous layers of such rock . individual shell - rich chalky limestone bodies range from 0 . 05 foot or less to as much as 0 . 3 foot in thickness . small , hemispheroidal concretions of fossil - poor chalky limestone are attached to some shell - rich limestone bodies at a few localities and a few oblate spheroidal concretions of chalky limestone also occur in this interval . the middle part of the member contains from 1 ( loc . 14 ) to 9 beds of shell - rich concretionary limestone , some of which are virtually continuous , although pinching and swelling , within the span of a single exposure . locally , as in the lower part of the member , a few hemispheroidal concretions of poorly fossiliferous chalky limestone are attached to the irregular bodies of shell - rich chalky limestone . in addition this interval contains from none ( loc . 6 ) to 3 ( loc . 18 ) layers of oblate spheroidal chalky limestone concretions that range from 0 . 15 to 0 . 4 foot in maximum thickness . at several localities this interval contains one continuous bed of shell - rich chalky limestone and at locality 14 contains 4 continuous beds of chalky limestone .
chalky limestones of the pfeifer are olive black , dark olive gray ( 5y3 / 1 ) or olive gray ( 5y4 / 1 ) where fresh and light olive gray ( 5y5 / 2 , 5y6 / 1 ) where partly weathered . the weathered rock exhibits a wide range of coloration but is mostly grayish orange , pale grayish orange ( 10yr8 / 4 ) , very pale orange , yellowish gray ( 5y7 / 2 , 5y8 / 1 ) or , less commonly , pale shades of brown . in more highly weathered exposures many of the limestones are partially stained dark yellowish orange by limonite . some of the limestone beds , several of the discontinuous beds of shell - rich limestones , and many of the oblate spheroidal concretions are stained heavily by limonite along a thin central or near - central zone , parallel to stratification .
nearly all of these rocks are relatively hard and resistant to erosion despite their distinctly chalky character . the weathered rocks are commonly harder and more brittle . eroded slopes are usually covered by limestone debris from these beds and layers . like the surrounding shaly chalk most of the chalky limestone is speckled by nearly white spheroidal pellets but this feature tends toward obliteration during weathering . at many places shaly chalk beds arch above and bend beneath shell - rich limestone bodies or concretions suggesting that these rocks lithified before final compaction of the section .
everywhere in kansas pf - 1 is underlain by a thin seam of bentonite that is separated from the limestone by a layer of granular calcite or shaly chalk . the bentonite ranges in thickness from less than 0 . 01 to 0 . 09 foot , is light gray ( 5y7 / 2 ) where fresh and dark yellowish orange where weathered , and lies between 0 . 01 and 0 . 11 foot below pf - 1 .
the second readily recognizable marker unit in the pfeifer is a bentonite seam that is overlain in most central kansas exposures by a layer of granular calcite . the granular calcite is generally absent at localities in mitchell , cloud , and republic counties , and is absent in the bridge creek member at locality 14 ( hamilton county ) . this bentonite - calcite unit , known as the sugar sand , lies 4 . 0 ( loc . 14 ) to 5 . 5 ( loc . 19 ) feet below the fencepost limestone bed , averaging 4 . 8 feet for 14 measurements . recognition of the sugar sand unit is readily afforded by its association with two other bentonites and , usually , two layers of chalky limestone . stratigraphic details of the interval including these units are summarized in table 2 .
table 2 - - summary of stratigraphic data for sugar sand and associated beds .
generally very flat at top and base , usually laminated , rich in forams , locally absent .
overlain by granular calcite at some places ; probably represented by a 0 . 14 - foot - thick bentoriite seam at loc . 14 .
chalky limestone , locally concretionary , near or at base of this unit at loc . 4 , 5 , 10 , 19 , 38 , 44 , and 58 .
sugar - sand . not present at locs . 7 , 14 , 20 , 24 , 48 , and 49 . overlain by 0 . 01 to 0 . 03 foot bentonite seam at a few localities .
units 2 and 4 total 0 . 3 to 0 . 66 feet at localities where unit 3 is absent .
usually concretionary ; discontinuous ; absent at some localities ; upper part nonconcretionary and laminated at loc . 48 .
this unit contains 0 . 1 and 0 . 06 foot - thick chalky limestone beds at base at locs . 10 and 19 , respectively .
identified at all localities except loc . 14 where general position is occupied by a selenite seam .
the sugar sand bentonite - calcite unit is identified in weathered exposures by a grayish - orange discoloration on rain - washed surfaces . like other markers in the section , this unit has great utility as a datum in precise biostratigraphic work .
in central kansas the characteristic features of the pfeifer member are abundance of shell - rich , concretionary chalky limestone and , especially in the upper half , oblate spheroidal chalky limestone concretions . in marked contrast the exactly equivalent interval of the bridge creek member ( loc . 14 ) contains , in addition to marker beds pf - 1 and pf - 3 ( fencepost bed ) , only 6 beds of the shell - rich variety of chalky limestone and only 3 layers of widely spaced chalky limestone concretions . the limestone content of the bridge creek equivalent is much less than in any pfeifer exposure in central kansas and is progressively less still farther to the west . in a road cut on interstate highway 25 , directly south of graneros creek , pueblo county , colorado , the pfeifer equivalent lacks chalky limestone beds and is included in the fairport member of the carlile shale .
the pfeifer member contains 5 seams of bentonite that can be traced throughout central kansas ; four of these can be identified also in the bridge creek member of hamilton county ( loc . 14 ) . these include 1 ) the seam lying directly beneath marker bed pf - 1 , 2 ) a seam that nearly everywhere lies less than one foot below marker bed pf - 2 , 3 ) the bentonite seam associated in most of central kansas with granular calcite known as the sugar sand pf - 2 , 4 ) a seam that nearly everywhere lies less than one foot above the sugar sand and is associated commonly with a very thin , flat , foram - rich bed of chalky limestone , and 5 ) a very thin seam lying 0 . 7 foot or less below the fencepost bed ( pf - 3 ) . with only one recorded exception bentonites ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) are the only seams that are commonly greater than 0 . 1 foot thick . no bentonite seam that i measured is more than 0 . 14 foot thick ; however , the granular calcite known as sugar sand ( pf - 2 ) apparently developed within a bentonite seam , so that the total bentonite - calcite - bentonite sequence is as much as 0 . 45 foot .
these bentonites exhibit a wide array of coloration that ranges from olive gray ( 5y4 / 1 ) through light olive gray ( 5y6 / 1 , 5y5 / 2 ) to light gray , very light gray , yellowish gray ( 5y8 / 1 ) , bluish white , and white . the darkest colors represent the unweathered or little - weathered rock , the lighter colors represent weathered bentonites . most of the weathered bentonites are stained dark yellowish orange , at least in part , by limonite . some such bentonites are pale yellowish brown , grayish orange , and moderate yellowish brown . several of the bentonite seams are associated with seams of gypsum or granular calcite , especially ( 1 ) and ( 3 ) .
the bentonites are commonly silty to slightly silty and mineral flakes resembling biotite were recorded . locally in two of the seams . four untreated samples of bentonite , including seams ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , and ( 4 ) , were analyzed by x - ray diffraction techniques . in all samples the principle mineral is montmorillonite . two samples proved to be essentially pure montmorillonite . two other samples also contained small quantities of kaolinite and trace quantities of quartz .
biostratigraphy of the pfeifer and equivalent bridge creek beds is treated in a later section . however , not all species recorded in the pfeifer are utilized in zoning the interval so the following list has been compiled for sake of completeness . inclusion of a taxon in this list does not indicate co - occurrence with all other species named . common species are preceded by an asterisk ; rare species , or those known only from a single locality , are preceded by a dagger .
kansas geological survey , geology placed on web june 5 , 2010 ; originally published may 1975 . comments to webadmin @ urltoken the url for this page is http : / / www . urltoken / publications / bulletins / 209 / 04 _ strat2 . html
, the clam in the photo below , is interesting in a number of respects . as can be seen from the interior of the right valve , the area about the pointed beak lacks the teeth or interlocking features that are common in most clams . this clam and others like it were held together by a ligament and muscle . the ligament area is that portion along the top of the shell ( dorsal margin ) bearing parallel striations or grooves .
is easily recognized by its relatively heavy , coarse shell and rectangular outline . it is commonly found in vast numbers crowded together in limestones or
) that extended from between the shells in the curved area along the front ( anterior ) margin like in its modern relatives , the mussel . ( haskell limestone , upper pennsylvanian )
clam shown above , is one of the clams that is very nearly equilateral and is thus difficult to distinguish from the brachiopods . only a trace of an
, or ear - like lobe ( see drawing ) can be seen at the upper right margin of the specimen in the photograph .
, are a typical feature of the group to which it belongs . the well known shell oil emblem is derived from the living scallop , which is a close relative of this clam . some of these clams attached themselves to the bottom by means of
, but others were free moving and swam about by means of clapping the valves together , rapidly expelling water and moving in a jet - propelled darting fashion . ( kansas city group , upper pennsylvanian )
is a clam , common and widespread in rocks of the upper paleozoic . figured is a typical elongate specimen with
in the upper left is a rather large oyster ranging in size to over four inches long . the right valve is seen nestling within the left valve rather like a lid . the shells of oysters do not interlock with hinge teeth but remain together through the action of muscles , and lack the
symmetry of the clams . oysters attach themselves by the left ( largest ) valve to some object : another shell , a rock , the roots of trees such as mangroves , and to pilings and piers . they like on shallow
in the lower right is another oyster . very small , it lived in congested groups . in western kansas cretaceous rocks , they commonly appear as slab - like incrustations on the shell of a very large species of the clam
. the specimens here are on such as fragment . ( niobrara formation , upper cretaceous )
are not so large , as the specimen in the upper right reveals . this clam , concentrically wrinkled , also comes from western kansas and is a characteristic cretaceous fossil . each valve , although lacking hinge teeth , is nearly a mirror image of the other and is thus distinguishable from the oyster . ( pierre shale , upper cretaceous )
kansas geological survey placed online feb . 1997 url =
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stratigraphy : smoky hill chalk member ( a . k . a . smoky hills member ) , niobrara formation , upper cretaceous
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acria gossypiella is a moth in the depressariidae family .

it was described by shiraki .

it is found in taiwan .

adults are on wing at the end of june and in mid-december .

the larvae feed on cotton , tea , orange and camphor .

the live in a web spun rectangularly on the mid-rib of the underside of a leaf of the host plant .

on cotton however , it folds a leaf at the margin and lives within .

the larvae are pale greenish with a rather broad greenish yellow dorsal stripe with and a pale yellowish green head .

full-grown larvae reach a length of about 17 mm .

pupation takes place in a thin cocoon spun in the web or folded leaf .

the larvae can be found in may and december .

acria gossypiella

bong - kyu byun added text to
acria ceramitis ( meyrick )
on
acria ceramitis meyrick 1908
.
acria psamatholeuca meyrick , 1930 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 12
acria trigoniprojecta wang , 2015 ; ent . news 124 ( 5 ) : ( 331 - 334 )
acria nivalis ; yuan , zhang & wang , 2008 , acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 686
acria ( depressariinae ) ; yuan , zhang & wang , 2008 , acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 685
acria sciogramma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 381 ; tl : new guinea , milne bay
acria eulectra meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 635 ; tl : khasis
acria javanica lvovsky , 2015 ; zoosyst . rossica 24 ( 2 ) : 279 ; tl : w . sumba , waimangura , 450m
acria xanthosaris meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 636 ; tl : khasis
acria ceramitis ; [ nhm card ] ; yuan , zhang & wang , 2008 , acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 685
acria emarginella ; [ nhm card ] ; yuan , zhang & wang , 2008 , acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 687
acria ceramitis meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 636 ; tl : palni hills ; khasis
acria sulawesica lvovsky , 2015 ; zoosyst . rossica 24 ( 2 ) : 280 ; tl : s . celebes , lompobatang mt . , borong rapoa , 850m
acria equibicruris wang , 2008 ; acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 687 ; tl : daozhen co . ( 28°53 ' n , 107°36 ' e ) , guizhou prov . , 1350m
acria ornithorrhyncha wang , 2008 ; acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 687 ; tl : kadoorie agr . res . centre . co . ( 114°114 ' e , 22°428 ' n ) , guizhou prov . , 1350m
acria nivalis wang & li , 2000 ; in shen et al . , fauna & taxonomy ins . henan 4 : 49 ; tl : nexiang co . ( 33°02 ' n , 111°50 ' e ) , henan prov . , 1350m
wang in yuan , zhang & wang , 2008 ; yuan , zhang & wang , 2008 review of the genus acria meyrick ( lepidoptera , elachistidae , depressariinae ) from china acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 685 - 690
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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
recently it was found to feed on the leaf of diospyros kaki thunb . ( ebenaceae ) , in korea
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
= ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ] ; yuan , zhang & wang , 2008 , acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 685
arcria amphorodes meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 612 ; tl : punjab , murree , 7500ft
china ( gansu , guizhou , henan , hubei , hunan , jiangxi , shaanxi , shandong , shanghai , sichuan ) , s . india , assam , korea , japan . see [ maps ]
larva on malus pumila yuan , zhang & wang , 2008 , acta zootax . sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 686
china ( henan , sichuan , tainjin , zhejiang ) , ceylon , india , japan . see [ maps ]
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
the natural history of british insects ; explaining them in their several states . . . with the history of such minute insects as require investigation by the microscope
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .


nyassachromis nigritaeniatus is a species of cichlid endemic to lake malawi where it prefers areas with sandy substrates .

this species can reach a length of 21 centimetres ( 8.3 in ) tl .

it can also be found in the aquarium trade .

nyassachromis nigritaeniatus

nyassachromis nigritaeniatus is mainly living in open water where it ` s feeding itself with plankton .
a male of nyassachromis nigritaeniatus at ntekete , lake malawi [ malawi ] . photo by ad konings . determiner ad konings
conservation : nyassachromis nigritaeniatus is evaluated by the international union for the conservation of nature in the iucn red list of threatened species as ( lc ) least concern ( 2006 ) .
nyassachromis nigritaeniatus can mainly be found in the southern part of the lake . this species is living in shallow water above the sandbottoms along beaches where they mainly stay in the open water .
nyassachromis nigritaeniatus - species dictionary - southern africa - observations - page 1 : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
maréchal , c . , 1991 . nyassachromis . p . 300 - 302 . in j . daget , j . - p . gosse , g . g . teugels and d . f . e . thys van den audenaerde ( eds . ) check - list of the freshwater fishes of africa ( cloffa ) . isnb , brussels ; mrac , tervuren ; and orstom , paris . vol . 4 . ( ref . 4990 )
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
from lake nyassa + greek , chromis = a fish , perhaps a perch ( ref . 45335 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 21 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5595 ) ; 15 . 0 cm tl ( female )
has been seen on open sand at a depth of about 15 m . feeds on zooplankton in midwater ( ref . 5595 ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5039 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 45 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 23 of 100 ) .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
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snoeks , j . ( freshwater fish red list authority ) & darwall , w . ( freshwater biodiversity assessment programme )
justification : endemic to lake malawi where it is widely distributed throughout the southern part of the lake . it has no known major widespread threats .
endemic to lake malawi where it is thought to be restricted to the southern part of the lake .
prefers exposed shores and has been observed on the open sand in senga bay at a depth of about 15 m . it feeds on zooplankton in the mid - water . breeding males construct sand castle nests on the lake floor and attract females from schools in the open water . has been sporadically exported , without a trade name . max . size : 22 cm .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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in the lake the males of these species can grow to 21 cm , in the aquarium however they can grow a little taller because of a good feeding . the males can then grow to about 23 cm , females grow to about 16 cm .
you can best keep this species with multiple females in a large tank with a lot of swimming space .
in the aquarium they are comfortable with any food . they take everything they get offered , like spirulina pellets , mysis , artemia , cyclops and shrimp - peas mix .
pam chin has been replying to cichlid questions for over twenty years . highly respected and experienced aquarist , pam has visited cichlid habitats around the world , and bred in her ' s and her husband gary fish house hundreds of cichlid species . besides her job , she still devotes time to help any person with a cichlid question !
articles for sale beautifully formatted and wonderfully illustrated pdf articles about all matters relative to cichlids .
books for sale cichlid books and dvds for sale at the cichlid room companion .
e - books for sale pdf copies of popular cichlid books offered for sale at the best price .
trade section the master list of cichlid offers ordered by area and species name .
trewavas , ethelwynn . 1935 .
a synopsis of the cichlid fishes of lake nyasa
. annals and magazine of natural history . series 10 ; pp . 65 - 118 ( crc00118 )
to view the full profile . see this and all other species profiles , pictures and videos by becoming a
of the cichlid room companion . become a subscriber and get a free book the same value of your membership ! you can also open the full profile for everyone to see by
, photographed underwater off the north shore of thumbi island west , in 3 meters , may 24 , 1971 . photo copyright © by m . k . oliver .
last update : 13 february 1999 web author : m . k . oliver , ph . d . copyright © 1997 - 2018 by m . k . oliver - all rights reserved
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max length : 21 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5595 ) ; 15 . 0 cm tl ( female )
pd 50 = 0 . 5039 many relatives ( e . g . carps ) 0 . 5 - 2 . 0 few relatives ( e . g . lungfishes )
high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . )


mylothris mavunda is a butterfly in the pieridae family .

it is found in north-western zambia .

the habitat consists of cryptosepalum forests .

adults have been recorded on wing in march , april , may , november and december .

mylothris mavunda

how can i put and write and define mylothris mavunda in a sentence and how is the word mylothris mavunda used in a sentence and examples ? 用mylothris mavunda造句 , 用mylothris mavunda造句 , 用mylothris mavunda造句 , mylothris mavunda meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
it is the dominant tree species in the zambezian cryptosepalum dry forest ecoregion of zambia and angola , where it is known locally as
mavunda
.
cryptosepalum exfoliatum
forests form habitat for the butterfly
mylothris mavunda
.
has been recorded in lukwakwa game management area . other characteristic species of mavunda at the site include
site description the site is conveniently divided into two parts , bisected from north to south by the west lunga river . lukwakwa game management area constitutes the western half and its western boundary is the mwinilunga–kabompo road . the most important habitat is mavunda forest , which covers a substantial proportion of the area , and there are also grasslands such as the mayau plain and woodlands of various formations . west lunga national park , the eastern half , stretches to the kabompo river and the habitat is similar , though there is less mavunda and more miombo .
© 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .
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ackery pr , smith cr , and vane - wright ri eds . 1995 . carcasson ' s african butterflies . canberra : csiro .
larsen , t . b . 2005 butterflies of west africa . stenstrup , denmark : apollo books .
vane - wright , r . i . , liseki , s . d . 2011 . on the status of pseudomylothris neustetter , a supposed endemic butterfly genus from the uluguru mountains of tanzania ( lepidoptera : pieridae ) . journal of research on the lepidoptera 44 , 85 - 93 .
correspondence regarding this page should be directed to andrew v . z . brower at
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each tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .
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see box and tables 2 and 3 for key species . mayau , the type locality ( and only one known ) of
, lies on the western boundary of the site . this locality therefore remains the most likely area of occurrence for the species , if it is a valid taxon . a wide range of zambezian biome endemics occur at the site and , among the other species of global conservation concern ( apart from
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) important bird areas factsheet : west lunga national park and lukwakwa game management area . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
credits - computer translations are provided by a combination of our statistical machine translator , google , microsoft , systran and worldlingo .
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
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created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .


anarsia ovula is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by park and ponomarenko in 1996 .

it is found in thailand .

the wingspan is about 17 mm .

the forewings are light brown , speckled with creamy white scales , a small elongate costal mark with two inconspicuous spots before it and another one beyond it .

the hindwings are grey .

anarsia ovula

anarsia ovula ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56 ; park & bae , 2018 , zootaxa 4399 ( 2 ) : ( 272 - 280 )
anarsia chiangmaiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia conica ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia lewvanichae ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia melanoplecta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia procera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia spatulana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia eleagnella kuznetsov , 1957 ; zool . zhurn . 36 ( 7 ) : 1096
anarsia ulneongensis park & ponomarenko , 1996 ; korean j . ent . 26 : 343
anarsia asymmetrodes park , 2014 ; ent . res . 44 : 18 ; tl : baengnyeongdo
anarsia callicosma janse , 1960 ; moths s . afr . 6 ( 2 ) : 214
anarsia pinnata meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 69
anarsia pustulata janse , 1949 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 1 ) : 32
anarsia ulneongensis ; ueda , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 61 : 275
anarsia amegarta meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 360 ; tl : java
anarsia hippocoma meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : queensland
anarsia sibirica ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56 ; [ fe ]
anarsia vinsonella viette , 1957 ; mém . inst . sci . madagascar ( e ) 8 : 163
anarsia altercata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia amegarta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia eburnella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia ephippias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
anarsia epotias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia eutacta meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 163 ; tl : java , pekalongan
anarsia eutacta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia geminella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia halimodendri ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia libanoticella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia longipalpella rebel , 1907 ; denksch . akad . wiss . wien . 71 ( 2 ) : 124
anarsia melanchropa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia nuristanella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia omoptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia sthenarota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia veruta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia aleurodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : mesopotamia , museyib
anarsia altercata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 148 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia crassipalpella legrand , 1966 ; mém . mus . hist . nat . paris ( a ) 37 : 78
anarsia ephippias meyrick , 1908 ; ent . mon . mag . 44 : 197 ; tl : pusa , bengal
anarsia euphorodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 503 ; tl : china , shanghai
anarsia inserta [ sic , recte incerta ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
anarsia luticostella chrétien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 332 ; tl : biskra
anarsia nigrimacula janse , 1949 ; moths s . afr . 5 ( 1 ) : 29 ; tl : umkomaas
anarsia reciproca meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 300 ; tl : madras , coimbatore
anarsia retamella chrétien , 1915 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 84 : 331 ; tl : gafsa
anarsia sthenarota meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 153 ; tl : mt murud , 6500ft
anarsia triglypta meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 354 ; tl : pusa , bihar
anarsia veruta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 148 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia didymopa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 583 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia epotias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 583 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia idioptila meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 582 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia mitescens meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 299 ; tl : barberton
anarsia sagmatica meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 582 ; tl : bengal , pusa
anarsia albibasella janse , 1963 ; moths s . afr . 6 ( 3 ) : 253 ; tl : sw . africa
anarsia amalleuta meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 298 ; tl : three sisters
anarsia anthracaula meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 512 ; tl : new hebrides , efate
anarsia beitunica li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia bimaculata ponomarenko , 1989 ; ent . obozr . 68 ( 3 ) : 635 ; tl : gomotaezhnoe , primorskii krai
anarsia choana park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 61 ; tl : taipei co . , taiwan
anarsia decora li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia elongata park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 64 ; tl : taichung co . , taiwan
anarsia eximia li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia largimacularis li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia magnibimaculata li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia melanchropa meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 281 ; tl : india , dehra dun
anarsia novitricornis li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia omoptila meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 147 ; tl : s . india , coimbatore
anarsia sibirica park & ponomarenko , 1996 ; acta zool . hung . 42 ( 1 ) : 78 ; tl : novosibirsk
anarsia squamerecta li & zheng , 1997 ; acta zool . hung . 43 ( 2 ) : ( 121 - 132 )
anarsia balioneura meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 79 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
anarsia eburnella christoph , 1887 ; in romanoff , mém . lépid . 3 : 122 , pl . 5 , f . 14
anarsia libanoticella amsel , 1967 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 26 ( 3 ) : 21 ; tl : lebanon
anarsia sciotona meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353 ; tl : cape colony , east london
anarsia spartiella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56 ; [ fe ]
anarsia spicata meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 21 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
anarsia subfulvescens meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 21 ; tl : natal , umkomaas
anarsia acaciae walsingham , 1896 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1896 : 278 ; tl : sw . arabia , aden
anarsia anisodonta diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 14
anarsia arachniota meyrick , 1925 ; bull . soc . ent . egypte 9 ( 1 - 3 ) : 210 ; tl : egypt
anarsia carbonaria meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 299 ; tl : barberton , waterval onder
anarsia chaonella park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 61 ; tl : taiwan , tapei co . , taihoku
anarsia incerta ueda , 1997 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 80 ; tl : ryukyus , japan
anarsia permissa meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 331 ; tl : sw . africa , windhoek
anarsia triaenota meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 169 ; tl : gooty
anarsia citromitra meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 80 ; tl : portuguese east africa , magude
anarsia geminella amsel , 1967 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 26 ( 3 ) : 18 ; tl : herat , afghanistan
anarsia nigricana park , 1991 ; jpn . j . ent . 59 ( 3 ) : 494 ; tl : suweon , gyunggi prov .
anarsia vectaria meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 21 ; tl : natal , sarnia ; umkomaas
anarsia aspera park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 57 ; tl : taiwan , orchid is . , 4km sw hungta
anarsia isogona meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 169 ; tl : nilgiris , 3500ft
anarsia melanoplecta meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 774 ; tl : pusa , bengal
anarsia pensilis meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 168 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
anarsia sagittaria meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 774 ; tl : pusa , bengal
anarsia nimbosa meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 300 ; tl : three sisters , pretoria , waterval onder
anarsia nimbosa ; meyrick , 1921 , ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 79 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
anarsia acerata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 169 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
anarsia acrotoma meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 169 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
anarsia lechriosema bradley , 1982 ; j . nat . hist . 16 ( 3 ) : 375 ; tl : norfolk i . , mt bates , 290m
anarsia stylota meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 168 ; tl : maskeliya and patipola , ceylon
anarsia semnopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 79 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali ; portuguese east africa , magude
anarsia tortuosella amsel , 1967 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 26 ( 3 ) : 19 ; tl : chingi , salt range , w pakistan
anarsia psammobia falkovitsh & bidzilya , 2003 ; proc . zool . mus . kiev nat . taras shevchenko univ . 1 ( 1 ) : ( 113 - 147 )
anarsia tricornis meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 168 ; tl : maskeliya , perdeniya and haldamulla , ceylon
anarsia arsenopa meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 72 ; tl : british east africa , nairobi forest
anarsia epiula meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 418 ; tl : sydney , new south wales
anarsia gajiensis park & ponomarenko , 1996 ; acta zool . hung . 42 ( 1 ) : 75 ; tl : mt gaji - san , gyungnam prov . , korea
anarsia leucophora meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 417 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales
anarsia paraisogona ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56 ; park & bae , 2018 , zootaxa 4399 ( 2 ) : ( 272 - 280 )
anarsia protensa park , 1995 ; tropical lepid . 6 ( 1 ) : 60 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , mei - feng , 30km s tayuling , 2200m
anarsia tortuosa ; ueda , 1997 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 90 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
anarsia halimodendri christoph , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 12 ( 3 ) : 297 , ( 4 ) pl . 8 , f . 69 ; tl : turkmenistan
anarsia inculta walsingham , 1891 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 112 , pl . 5 , f . 49 ; tl : bathurst , gambia
anarsia nigricana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55 ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
anarsia nuristanella amsel , 1967 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 26 ( 3 ) : 19 , pl . 6 , f . 1 ; tl : nuristan , afghanistan
anarsia silvosa ueda , 1997 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 88 ; tl : japan , honshu , oita pref . , shonai town , shiramiz
anarsia minutella ; sattler , 1976 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 34 ( 2 ) : 140 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]
anarsia stepposella ponomarenko , 2002 ; far east . ent . 115 : 2 ; tl : russia , tuva republic , 50°44 ' n 93°08 ' e , east tannu ola mts , irbitei , 1000m
anarsia taurella bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 134 , pl . 5 , f . 14 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
anarsia ulmarata bradley , 1961 ; bull . brit . mus . ( n . h . ) ent . 10 ( 4 ) : 134 , pl . 5 , f . 15 ; tl : guadalcanal , honiara
anarsia phortica meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 167 ; tl : maskeliya , kegalle , haldamulla and undugoda , ceylon ; n . coorg ; kuching , borneo
anarsia malagasyella viette , 1968 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 37 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : madagascar , env maroantsetra , forest station farankaraina , route navana , km 16 , 5 , antoroka valley , 100m
anarsia choana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54 ; ueda , 2010 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 61 : 272 ; park & bae , 2018 , zootaxa 4399 ( 2 ) : ( 272 - 280 )
anarsia molybdota meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 417 ; tl : toowoomba , queensland ; sydney , new south wales ; gisborne , victoria ; carnarvon , perth and york , west australia
anarsia bimaculata ; park , 1991 , jpn . j . ent . 59 ( 3 ) : 496 ; ueda , 1997 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 86 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54 ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 113
larva on ( in seed pods ) acacia edgworthii , a . farnesiana walsingham , 1896 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1896 : 279
ananarsia acerata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 50
ananarsia acrotoma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
ananarsia aleurodes ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
larva on albizzia sp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
chelaria antisaris meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 297 ; tl : barberton
ananarsia arachniota ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
ananarsia aspera ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
chelaria austerodes meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 22 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
ananarsia belutschistanella amsel , 1959 ; stuttgart . beitr . naturk . 28 : 33 ; tl : baluchistan , iran
ananarsia belutschistanella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
japan , korea , primorye , china ( jilin ) . see [ maps ]
larva on maackia amurensis ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
chelaria bipinnata meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 200 ; tl : gifu , japan
ananarsia bipinnata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
larva on elaeagnus multiflora , e . umbellata , acer ginnala , quercus sp . ueda , 1997 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 48 ( 2 ) : 83
nothris centrospila turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 165 ; tl : qeensland , brisbane
ananarsia didymopa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
romania , s . ukraine , seeu , altai , transcaucasia , turkmenistan , kazakhstan , afghanistan . see [ maps ]
ananarsia eleagnella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
ananarsia elongata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 51
larva on arachis hypogaea ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 54
chelaria eriozona meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 80 ; tl : british s . e . africa , bela vista ; portuguese east africa , magude
ananarsia euphorodes ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
ananarsia gajiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52 ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
guiera bradley , 1969 ; bull . ent . res . 59 ( 1 ) : 79
larva on halimodendron eichvaldii ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 55
ananarsia idioptila ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
s . india , laos , china ( zhejiang , yunnan ) , taiwan , japan . see [ maps ]
larva on schima sp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
ceu , seu , asia minor , n . africa , syria , caucasus , transcaucasia , afghanistan , china , india , australia , . . . . see [ maps ]
larva on prunus spp . , p . avium , p . spinosa , p . domestica , p . insititia
larva on prunus spinosa , malus spp . , amerniaca spp . , persica spp . , cerasus spp . , amygdalus spp . , acer tataricum ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
nothris minutella turati , 1929 ; boll . lab . zool . portici 23 : 124 , f . 4
larva on glycine max park , 1991 , jpn . j . ent . 59 ( 3 ) : 495
larva on cajanus indicus meyrick , 1918 , exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 147
s . india , ceylon , laos , thailand , shanghai , taiwan , queensland . see [ maps ]
gelechia patulella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 635 ; tl : ceylon
larva on prunus salicina , nephelium sp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
ananarsia pensilis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 52
s . india , ceylon , thailand , laos , borneo . see [ maps ]
ananarsia protensa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
larva on elaeagnus pungens ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia reciproca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia sagittaria ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia sagmatica ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
chelaria sciograpta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 80 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
larva on ( in fruit ) mimusops capensis meyrick , 1927 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 353
seu , ceu , sw . siberia , transbaikalia , libya , asia minor , mongolia . see [ maps ]
larva on sarothamnus scoparius , genista tinctoria , lembotropis nigrans , ulex spp . ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
ananarsia stylota ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
chelaria tortuosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 165 ; tl : matale , ceylon
ananarsia tortuosella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia triaenota ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
ananarsia triglypta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 53
larva on inga dulcis ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 56
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
microlepidoptera from the solomon islands . additional records and descriptions of microlepidoptera collected in the solomon islands by the rennell island expedition 1953 - 54
microlepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv
voyage de ch . alluaud et r . jeannel en afrique orientale ( 1911 - 1812 ) . résultats scientifique . insectes lépidoptères . 2 . microlepidoptera in alluaud & jeannel ,
in la faune entomologique de i ' ile de lar réunion . lépidoptères ( excepté les tordeuses et les géométrides )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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the gelechiidae is similar to other gelechioid families in that its members have a scaled proboscis and strongly recurved labial palpus , but differs from other gelechioid families by having a combination of the following characters : 1 ) hindwing subrectangular to trapezoidal with sinuous or concave termen and prominent apex , 2 ) forewing lanceolate to elongate–ovate with cup absent , 3 ) the retinaculum of the wing–coupling mechanism on the radial vein of the female forewing , 4 ) labial palpus long , second segment often with ventral brush , third segment long , acute , rarely with short dorsal brush of rough scales , 5 ) male gnathos forming a pair of lateral , articulated , symmetrical sclerites with an articulated , mesial hook ( hodges , 1986 , 1999 ) .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
shafer w . h . ( 1989 ) agricultural economics , sciences , and engineering . in : shafer w . h . ( eds ) masters theses in the pure and applied sciences . springer , boston , ma
full text of
centre for entomological studies ankara , cesa news nr . 60
full text of
centre for entomological studies ankara , cesa news nr . 60