parapterois heterura , the blackfoot firefish , is a species of scorpionfish widely distributed on the southeastern coast of africa as well as off japan and in indonesia where it is usually found in sheltered coastal bays with a soft bottom , such as fine sand or mud .

it is found in depths ranging from 40 to 300 metres ( 130 to 980 ft ) .

this species is a sedentary fish and may even bury itself within the substrate .

p. heterura flashes its brightly colored pectoral fins to startle predators and escape , but it may also use these fins to corner prey .

this behavior has been demonstrated in other lionfish .

this species can be found in the aquarium trade .

parapterois heterura

what type of species is parapterois heterura ? below , you will find the taxonomic groups the parapterois heterura species belongs to .
which photographers have photos of parapterois heterura species ? below , you will find the list of underwater photographers and their photos of the marine species parapterois heterura .
how to identify parapterois heterura marine species ? below , you will find the list of main identification criteria and physical characteristics of marine species parapterois heterura . for each identification criteria , the corresponding physical characteristics of marine species parapterois heterura are marked in green .
where is parapterois heterura found in the world ? below , you will find the list and a world map of the geographic distribution where the marine species parapterois heterura can be found .
nick hope added the english common name
blackfoot lionfish
to
parapterois heterura ( bleeker , 1856 )
.
tmc bristol blackfoot lionfish ( parapterois heterura ) tmc web link http : / / www . tropicalmarinecentre . co . uk . . .
gurnard lionfish ( parapterois heterura ) . found throughout the indo - west pacific , but not common . photo taken in bali , indonesia .
gurnard lionfish ( parapterois heterura ) . found throughout the indo - west pacific , but not common . photo taken off anilao , philippines . within the coral triangle .
gurnard lionfish ( parapterois heterura ) , swimming mid water at night hunting for prey . found throughout the indo - west pacific , but not common . photo taken off anilao , philippines . within the coral triangle .
citation :
blackfoot firefishes , parapterois heterura ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
( of parapterois heterurus ( bleeker , 1856 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
there are quite a few threads out there regarding lionfish , so i thought that we could use a thread with nothing but nice pix of them . post ' em up lion tamers ! pterois mombassae ( mombasa lionfish ) urltoken parapterois heterura ( bluefin lionfish ) urltoken dendrochirus barberi ( green / hawaiian lionfish urltoken d . biocellatus ( fu manchu lionfish urltoken d . brachypterus ( fuzzy dwarf lionfish ) urltoken and last , but certainly not least . . . p . volitans urltoken
research parapterois heterura » barcode of life ~ bioone ~ biodiversity heritage library ~ cites ~ cornell macaulay library [ audio / video ] ~ encyclopedia of life ( eol ) ~ esa online journals ~ fishbase ~ florida museum of natural history ichthyology department ~ gbif ~ google scholar ~ itis ~ iucn redlist ( threatened status ) ~ marine species identification portal ~ ncbi ( pubmed , genbank , etc . ) ~ ocean biogeographic information system ~ plos ~ siris ~ tree of life web project ~ unep - wcmc species database ~ worms
funny - - i knew parapterois has stripes on their pec fins , makes me wonder if there is a dimorphic characteristic , similar to dendrochirus . renee or anyone - - do you know if there is any variability in stripe # s and pec fin length in these fish ?
( of parapterois heterurus ( bleeker , 1856 ) ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
the great thing about parapteroi s heterura is that their behavior is as cool as their looks . whenever i approached the tank , the bluefin lionfish would flare his blue neon fins in a circular dance on the sand bed . it was definitely a warning sign . they clearly swam less than other lions . bluefins are like a mixture of sedentary scorpionfish and a hovering lionfish and for this reason , i don’t think they’d do well in a tank with lots of current .
unfortunately i lost the bluefin lionfish to my own stupidity . the heavy feedings created an outbreak of flatworms . late one night , i decided to dose some flatworm exit to clean the tank up . i had siphoned out as many flatworms as i could beforehand to reduce the toxins from a flatworm die - off . but my guess is i didn’t remove enough . the bluefin lionfish was dead and dwarf fuzzy was barely hanging on . i moved the dwarf fuzzy over to another tank , and he recovered quickly . i guess the parapteroi s heterura are indeed more delicate , especially to stupidity . but he really wasn’t that much harder to keep than any other dwarf lion .
greek , para = the side of + greek , pterois , derived from pteron = wing , fin ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; demersal ; depth range 40 - 300 m ( ref . 4313 ) . temperate
indo - west pacific : natal , south africa to southern japan ( ref . 4313 ) . two populations apparently exists , the western pacific and se african coast ( ref . 54476 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 38 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 90102 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 13 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 9 ; anal spines : 2 ; anal soft rays : 7 - 8 . long filaments at the tips of the dorsal fin spines and outer rays of the caudal fin ( ref . 48635 ) .
usually found in sheltered coastal bays and fine sand or muddy habitats . may partly bury itself in the substrate during the day and is easily overlooked . when disturbed , the brightly colored pectoral fins probably serves to startle predators . the large fins serve primarily to corner prey when hunting ( ref . 48635 ) . trawled on soft bottom in coastal waters ( ref . 4313 ) , to 300 m depth ( ref . 48635 ) .
eschmeyer , w . n . , 1986 . scorpaenidae . p . 463 - 478 . in m . m . smith and p . c . heemstra ( eds . ) smiths ' sea fishes . springer - verlag , berlin . ( ref . 4313 )
) : 14 . 9 - 26 . 8 , mean 22 ( based on 553 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 7500 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01148 ( 0 . 00449 - 0 . 02935 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 2 . 87 - 3 . 31 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 9 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 52 of 100 ) .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of pterois heterurus bleeker , 1856 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of pterois nigripinnis gilchrist , 1904 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of pterois natalensis von bonde , 1923 ) eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
, is not a common fish in the trade . bluefin lionfish hail from the western pacific and south african coast , therefore , they are not collected frequently .
also have a reputation for being delicate . while they are coming in with a little more frequency now , i still wish we saw them available more often . i got lucky once , and found one for sale mislabelled as a
for $ 30 . he was eating mysis at the store , and i thought he’d be a good candidate to keep my dwarf fuzzy lion company in an overfed 40 - gallon soft coral tank .
i knew about their fragility , but the one i kept must not have read the same books . within a week , he was eating pellets . the dwarf fuzzy was probably a good role model . the tank was a bit of a mess , but the temperature stayed around 75 degrees fahrenheit ( like all my tanks ) . i think the cooler reef temperature helped my success . i maintained the dwarf lion tank for about a year . both fish always ate well , and seemed to get along . i received lots of emails asking me for secret tips on my success . but really , i kept things pretty basic .
hopefully we see them more often . they are simply amazing fish in person . apparently there is quite a size difference and appearance between males and females . it is believed that the male gets larger and more colorful . this dimorphism would make for one incredible species tank display . \
a fantastic photo by pacificklaus of the extreme differences between male and female bluefin lions .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
effective the 1st of august 2014 , the state of florida , by rule of the florida fish and wildlife conservation commission ( fwc ) , have banned the import of lionfish to that state . blue zoo aquatics will not ship any lionfish to the state of florida until further notice .
due to availability and individuality of each species , colors and sizes may vary .
usually found in sheltered coastal bays and fine sand or muddy habitats . may partly bury itself in the substrate during the day and is easily overlooked . when disturbed , the brightly colored pectoral fins probably serves to startle predators . the large fins serve primarily to corner prey when hunting ( ref . 48635 ) . trawled on soft bottom in coastal waters ( ref . 4313 ) , to 300 m depth ( ref . 48635 ) .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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because of the sheer size of our forum , we ' ve been forced to limit selling and trading to members who ' ve met a couple of criteria . ( if you ' re seeing this message , you haven ' t met them yet . ) please take a moment to acquaint yourself with our selling / trading rules to help make your stay a long and rewarding one .
who has kept one ? what year did you keep one ? do you know what waters it specifically came from ? did it hang at the lfs for awhile ? what size was it ? did you try any prophylactics ( demorming / dipping / antibiotics / hypo ) ? how long did it live once you brought it home ? what did they die of ( no obvious reason , bacterial , environmental etc etc ) ? did you intervene with any treatments ? what were the particulars of their environment ? tankmates ? chiller ? what temp did you keep them at ? general setup ? were you able to convert them to frozen . if yes , what did you feed them . if no , what did you feed them ? did you supplement with enrichments ? add any vitamins to the water ? beta glucan ? any experiences you could share would be great .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ renee aka r . hixson - cole in a reeflife magazine near you ! a . k . a lionfish lair
no , just trying to get a feel for what others have experienced . it ' ll be too late to go looking for it if something happens : - /
ya . lisa seems like she tried a few things . . . looking for particulars . spit it out lisa , my friend . who is mark v . . . . i ' ll hunt him down . we ' re not talking about phyto mark , right ?
renee - - i guess i jumped the gun on this , mark hasnt posted in years . i pm ' d you his email to me sorry
thank you . everything helps . i was a little hesitant about talking about this guy . i ' ve had him a month so it ' s time to come out of the closet to see if i can scare up a conversation or two . i ' ve been logging all the things i ' m doing . i guess we ' ll have to see . . . . i ' m not expecting miracles .
this pic is about a month old . . . unfortunately this fish is in a jbj 28 , which is terrible for taking pix due to the
bowfront effect
. also , this fish is very
interactive
, so it ' s always begging if it sees us , which makes it tuff to catch it in good poses .
beautiful fish . if they were easier to keep i would consider one , but i think they ' re a little to delicate for me .
i have one i got a week ago . he is hanging at the bottom of the tank since them but the lfs i got him from has 3 more and they are swimming around more . they are normally found in colder waters temps but some have seen them in warmer waters . people say they will not live long but we will see if that ' s the case . he wont eat frozen yet so i just picked up some small ghost for him till he converts . they are only available in the early spring once a year from what i have read and been told .
in this case ,
warmer water
= low 70 ' s , so i ' d keep it below 72 * f ( we run ours at 66 * f ) . one of the issues with these fish is a raging bacterial infection , and the bacterial count really takes off above 74 * f .
holly cow ! ! ! 66 degrees ! ? ! ? ! ? ! i think i may be trading him in then . my tank runs at 76 pretty steady and the cost of running my chiller all day would be insane .
who knows ? we ' re still all trying to crack this nut , and there are a couple of people who claim to be keeping bluefins at tropical temperatures , and iirc , one of them has had 5 specimens for 8 months . from what i understand , there ' s currently really only one person importing these fish from cebu , pi , and i ' ve been told that he pays a lot of extra attention to shipping and handling , as these fish tend to be poor shippers .
and that person keeping his blackfoot lions at a constant 76 is me haha . im currently debating if i should sell my guys and move back to reef safe fishes so ive moved them to my 60gal holding tank . from what i noticed my blackfoots like to stay in the low flow areas of the tank . weaning from live to frozen food took a lil while . i started off with live ghost shrimp and occasionally i would drop a teaspoon full of frozen mysis in the tank . soon enough the blackfoots start going after the mysis so i started putting bigger pieces of hikari krill . when buying a blackfoot definitely stay away from the ones that look beat up . i don ' t mind lil tears in the fins but when you see that one has really bad looking fins leave it at the store for awhile to see if it lives and heal up . ive seen some really small blackfoots come in also like in the 1 to 1 . 5in range . they ' re the most delicate and die the easiest . the bigger blackfoots seem a bit more hardy . as far as acclimation goes i make sure i take the extra step and acclimate them to my home tank parameters for awhile . i need some good pictures of my blackfoots . haha anyone want to volunteer ?
any updates ? ive been wanting to try one of these forever but only now am able to look for one . where are these available ? im setting up a 300g reef with lots of sand and a couple angels and tangs . it ' ll be perfect for one of these guys i think . just very little info out there .
also if you dont mind where did you guys get yours ? ive only seen them at a few online places and that was a hand full of years ago . ive got a 60g cube that i ' d love to set up for one of these but maybe a radiata will have to do .
as for tank size , i ' d have to say
based on my personal experience
that a 30 gal cube seems to have plenty of room for our specimen . i ' m sure these fish aren ' t getting as large as they might get , but again , their longevity has been a problem . our fish came from one of our lfs , the owner of which has a bit of a penchant for
oddballs
. in fact , they never made it out of the bags from the wholesaler ( i was in the right place at the right time , and bought them both ) .
i missed the call for my experiences . they are posted in greater detail previously , 2005 - ish . but basically : i tried three times . same source each time , two shipments , atlantis aquarium in cali . lions came in looking pretty good , got raging bacterial infections quickly , died in a matter of days or weeks . feeding was not a problem until they started looking sick . the second time , strict qt , and treatment with antibiotics ( neomycin and sulfa ) along with lowered temps ( low 70s ) . still died pretty quickly . renee and greg , keep posting about your experience , if anyone can keep these fish alive , i expect you can . would also love to know more about eels & lions experience . . . after
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bleeker , p . 1856 ,
beschrijvingen van nieuwe en weinig bekende vischsoorten van amboina , verzameld op eene reis door den molukschen archipel , gedaan in het gevolg van den gouverneur - generaal duymaer van twist in september en october 1855
, acta societatis scientiarum indo - neerlandicae , vol . 1 , pp . 1 - 76
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ac0ae222 - 350d - 412b - 9ea3 - b6e047b6944c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 638071
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long filaments at the tips of the dorsal fin spines and outer rays of the caudal fin . dorsal spines : 13 ; dorsal soft rays : 9 ; anal spines : 2 ; anal soft rays : 7 or 8 .
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long fin dottyback ( pseudoplesiops typus ) . pre - order to collect in store or delivery to uk mainland for just £19 . 95 ! order online by tuesday 8pm and collect in - store or have it delivered . . .
long fin dottyback ( pseudoplesiops typus ) . pre - order to collect in store or delivery to uk mainland for just £19 . 95 !
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you will know if your fish is dead as it will sink down to the bottom , observe for fin movement and discolouration , most fish sink when they die , but float to the top as they begin to rot . closely observe the aquatic life upon acclimatising if it hasn’t moved don’t presume its dead but sometimes they are just resting . we advise to add air stone to acclimatising this will increase oxygen level to your live stock . monitor the fins and gills for any sort of tiny movements , if in doubt call us .
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acclimatising your new corals is a vital process to ensure they survive and thrive in your system . people use many different methods but most of them are very similar , below is our preferred choice :
unpack coral carefully from box and keep it in the polythene bag or container that it was shipped in .
float the bag or container in your sump area or main tank for around 20 minutes , this will equalise the temperature of the water in the bag to that of the system it is going to be placed .
using a piece of airline or similar with an air control valve attached , if one not available then just tie a knot in the airline , start a siphon from the main system and drip water slowly from there into the bag / container housing the new coral ( i use around one drip per two seconds ) . once the bag / container is near full then disregard some of the water and continue the process ( never put any of the shipping water into your system ) . i persevere with this process for around 90 minutes to ensure the new coral is fully acclimatised to the new water conditions .
now it is time to remove the coral from bag / container and carefully place it in your tank somewhere near the bottom . leave it there and raise it slowly over a period of days so as it can adjust to the different lighting on your tank .
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eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
scorpionfishes have large , heavily ridged and spined heads . venomous spines on their back and fins with a groove and venom sack . well camouflaged with tassels , warts and colored specks . some scorpionfishes can change their color to better match their surroundings . the stonefish is a master of disguise and deception , it looks like a piece of coral or sand covered rock . thus he can blend in with its surroundings and go unnoticed by its prey .
most scorpion fishes live on or near the bottom . they lie in crevices , in caves and under overhangs . range : red sea , pacific ocean to australia , hawaii . a few scorpionfishes ( no lionfishes or stonefishes ) live in the caribbean .
they feed on crustaceans , cephalopods and fishes employing a lie - in - wait strategy , remaining stationary and snapping prey that comes near . with their mouth they create a vacuum and suck prey in during a nearly imperceptible split - second movement ( 15 milliseconds ) .
some have algae and hydroid growth on their body surfaces ( stonefish ) and at least one species ( decoy scorpionfish iracundus signifier ) has a dorsal fin that looks like a swimming fish , a behavior similar to that of the frogfish . some species ( for example the weed scorpionfish ) sway their bodies from side to side so they look like a piece of debris .
scorpionfishes are not aggressive , but if threatened they will erect their dorsal spines . if danger continues they flee , usually very fast but only for a short distance and then quickly settle back and freeze . the stonefishes for example ususally bury themselves in sand or rubble using a shoveling motion of their pectoral fins . in a matter of less than 10 seconds only the dorsal portion of the head remains exposed , some sand is thrown on top to further enhancing concealment . some species like the devilfish have very bright red and yellow colors on the inner surface of their pectoral fins . those colors are not visible when resting but are flashed if threatened .
scorpion fishes produce a floating , gelatinous mass in which the eggs are embedded .
scorpionfishes have a reddish to brownish color and are mottled . this enables them to disappear against the substrate .
scorpaenopsis there are 4 very similar species of humpback scorpionfishes . scorpaenopsis diabolus ( devil scorpionfish - pectoral fin with orange , yellow and white ) and scorpaenopsis macrochir ( flasher scorpionfish - pectoral fin with orange and some black at the edge ) can best be told apart by looking at their pectoral fins . the devil scorpionfish also has a more pronounced hump and is larger ( up to 30cm ) than the flasher scorpionfish ( 15cm ) . if the ridge above the eyes is serrated it is a bandtail scorpionfish ( scorpaenopsis neglecta ) . another scorpionfish , scorpaenopsis gibbosa ( humpback scorpionfish ) , is only found in africa and the indian ocean .
the stonefish is extremely difficult to see because it usually buries most of its body under sand or rubble and only their widely separated eyes show . often algae and hydroids grow on its back . it has been suggested , that stonfishes exude a white , milky substance over their bodies which encourages plant growth . shrimps and other animals have been observed to climb over them . this is the worlds most venomous fish . their near perfect camouflage and the venomous spines make them a hazard for swimmers , snorkelers and divers in shallow water . wounds should be treated immediately with hot water or dry heat .
there is a scorpionfish that erroneously identified as stonefish , the humpbacked or devil scorpionfish . however there are two difference : first the shape of the mouth . stonefishes have a mouth which is directed upwards like a upside - down
u
. second the stone fish curl their tail extremely to one side .
the leaffish has a thin leaf - like body . several color varieties exist ( red , yellow , white , pink , black ) . it rocks from side to side to mimic a piece of debris in a current . they regularly occur in pairs and usually don ' t move much around , so they can be found again on several dives .
lionfishes are boldly colored in red , white and black . this coloring however fades in low - light conditions such as dusk and then the stripes serve as disruptive camouflage . with their long fin spines they resemble crinoids ( featherstars ) which helps them to masquerade , when selecting a ambush site .
lionfishes have been observed to hunt in a pack , rounding up small fish . when they approach their prey , they spread their fins to the side and slightly forward . the fins act as a barrier to cut off the escape of the prey .
devilfishes ( also called sea goblins , bearded ghouls and demon stingers ) have very special pectoral fin rays that can be moved independently from the rest of the fin . this looks as if the devilfish was walking over the ground . they look very clumsy and unwieldy because they also drag their extremely curved tails . the inner surface of their pectoral fins are brightly colored and they flash them if threatened . sometimes several fish lie together .
devilfishes occur on sand and mud bottoms close to reefs and in seagrass meadows . they often bury themselves in the substrate .
rhinopias scorpionfishes are extremly well camouflaged und thus rarely found . they live mostly on rubble , sand and small coral reefs . there are 8 species of rhinopias , most of them only live in a small area : rhinopias argoliba - endemic to japan ( sagami bay ) / rhinopias filamentosus - only known from the philippines / rhinopias xenops ( strange - eyed scorpionfish ) - only known from hawaii and japan / rhinopias cea - endemic to the easter islands / rhinopias godfreyi ( godfrey ' s scorpionfish ) known only from west - australia and papua new guinea .
the 3 better known species and the relevent differences : rhinopias aphanes ( lacy or merlot scorpionfish ) : this rhinopias differs from rh . fondosa , that it has dark reticulations ( maze - like patterns , stripes ) on the body , head and fins . it has filamentous tentacles , that look like algae . it can be yellow , green , black or brown . found in australia , papua new guinea , new caledonia and vanuatu . ca . 24cm . rhinopias frondosa ( weedy scorpionfish ) : this rhinopias differs from rh . aphanes , that is has oblong pale spots and blotches on its body . the skin tentacles above the eyes are thicker and less branched , sometimes flattened and leaflike . it differs from rh . eschmeyeri , that it has 9 - 14 tentacles at the lower jaw , it ' s dorsal fin membrane is incised ( it also has a longer caudal fin and longer anal and dorsal spines ) and it has a shorter snout . it can be olive to red , brown or purple . found in africa to japan . ca . 23cm .
frondosa
signifies
sprouting
or
with sprouts
. rhinopias eschmeyeri ( eschmeyer ' s scorpionfish / paddle - flap scorpionfish ) : this rhinopias differs from rh . frondosa , that it has only 2 tentacles at its lower jawm its fin membrane is slightly or not incised . it has only unbranched , flattened skin appendages . the body color is more uniform and can be blue , lilac , yellow , orange , brick red . found in mauritius , sri lanka to the philippines . ca . 19cm .
attention : my personal opionion is , contrary to the scientific papers , that rhinopias frondosa and rhinopias eschmeyeri are a morphological variations of the same species , one variation with more and one with less tentacles . see separate page only about rhinopias .
this family don ' t belong to the family of scorpionfishes but waspfishes look very similar to some of them , specially to the leaffish ( some ichtyologists place them in the family of scorpionfishes , some don ' t ) . the family of waspfishes contains about 11 genera , like ablabys , paracentropogon and richardsonichthys . the dorsal fin of the waspfishes originates above the eyes . they are laterally compressed and look like a leaf . most of these waspfishes occur on or near coastal reefs .
this family is not very known . velvetfishes are elongate and compressed . bony knobs rather than spines on head , thick fins . loose , wrinkly looking skin , some like sandpaper . most live in temperate waters around australia , some occur on sand or rubble . 17 genera , 25 species .
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colourful tropical reef scene , showing a lionfish and schooling orange fairy basslets ( pseudanthias cf cheirospilos ) , feeding on plankton drifting through a coral reef . a typical reef scene found throughout indo pacific , including the great barrier reef .
colourful tropical reef scene , comprising of schooling orange fairy basslets ( pseudanthias cf cheirospilos ) , crinoid feather stars and a single lionfish . this reef scene can be found in the indo pacific , including the great barrier reef , australia .
ragged - finned lionfish ( pterois antennata ) . also known as spotfin lionfish . great barrier reef , queensland , australia
ragged - finned lionfish ( pterois antennata ) , amongst acropora coral . also known as spotfin lionfish . great barrier reef , queensland , australia
zebra lionfish ( dendrochirus zebra ) - adolescent . great barrier reef , queensland , australia
clearfin lionfish ( pterois kodipungi ) . found throughout java seas , indonesia and possibly northern australia .
common lionfish ( pterois volitans ) - juvenile . size : 20mm . also known as firefish . great barrier reef , queensland , australia
common lionfish ( pterois volitans ) . also known as firefish . great barrier reef , queensland , australia
white - lined lionfish ( pterois radiata ) - juvenile . size : 20mm . indo - pacific
common lionfish ( pterois volitans ) amongst black coral . also known as firefish . great barrier reef , queensland , australia
zebra lionfish ( dendrochirus zebra ) resting on a barrel sponge covered in crinoid featherstars . bali , indonesia
dwarf lionfish ( dendrochirus brachypterus ) . this species is highly variable and has many colour variations . found on offshore reefs throughout the indo - west pacific . photo taken at lembeh strait , sulawesi , indonesia
dwarf lionfish ( dendrochirus cf brachypterus ) . this species is highly variable and has many colour variations . found on offshore reefs throughout the indo - west pacific . photo taken at lembeh strait , sulawesi , indonesia
ragged - finned lionfish ( pterois antennata ) - amongst dendronephthya soft corals . found on offshore reefs throughout the indo - west pacific . photo taken great barrier reef , queensland , australia
clearfin lionfish ( pterois kodipungi ) . found throughout java seas , indonesia and possibly northern australia . photo taken off anilao , philippines . within the coral triangle .
ragged - finned lionfish ( pterois antennata ) . also known as spotfin lionfish . found throughout the indo - west pacific , including the great barrier reef , australia .
dwarf lionfish ( dendrochirus brachypterus ) . this species is highly variable in colour . found on offshore reefs throughout the indo - west pacific . photo taken off anilao , philippines .
zebra lionfish ( dendrochirus zebra ) . found throughout the indo - west pacific , including the great barrier reef , australia .
zebra lionfish ( dendrochirus zebra ) , juvenile . found throughout the indo - west pacific , including the great barrier reef , australia .
dwarf lionfish ( dendrochirus brachypterus ) . this species is highly variable and has many colour variations . found on offshore reefs throughout the indo - west pacific . photo taken off anilao , philippines . within the coral triangle .
common lionfish ( pterois volitans ) . also known as firefish . found on tropical reefs throughout the indo - pacific , including the great barrier reef , australia .
common lionfish ( pterois volitans ) . also known as firefish . found throughout the indo - west pacific , including the great barrier reef , australia . photo taken at christmas island , australia .
common lionfish ( pterois volitans ) , hunting schooling basslets . found throughout the indo - west pacific , including the great barrier reef , australia . photo taken at christmas island , australia .
we have so many pix that we have to use photobucket just to keep them straight ( renee has a
pro
account ) . it also helps as many forums require the pix to be hosted .
thanx ace . . . i know you have some pix too . . . post ' em up .
presently my new lions are in quarantine at the lfs . they came in about a week and a half ago . i normally won ' t be too concerned about anything coming in with lions , but i had flukes hit my tank and wipe out all but two fish - my rabbitfish and zebra moray . the holding tank has some sponges growing on the sides , hence the spots in the photos . http : / / 216 . 77 . 188 . 54 / codataimages / p / groups / 417 / 417324 / folders / 306343 / 2457438volitans . jpg http : / / 216 . 77 . 188 . 54 / codataimages / p / groups / 417 / 417324 / folders / 306343 / 2457439radiata . jpg
lola the zebra lion ( rip ) : urltoken urltoken urltoken it took awhile to get her onto prepared foods but she was my favorite fish . so beautiful with so much personality . lost her in a fish sitting incident .
everyones hero - sorry about lola the lionfish . it was a pterois mombassae lion ( devil lion ) , and not a zebra lion ( d . zebra )
finally got around to taking pictures , but my lens and photo skills don ' t compare to yours greg . here they are . a zebra , fuzzy , and antennata . urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken
thanks for that info . i really want to get another one but i don ' t know if i have the time to commit to weening another one onto prepared foods .
wow ! great pics guys . really like that antennata just have one now myself , got it at less than 3
, but it is growing fast . . . urltoken
here are mine . the first two i currently still have . the other ones are some of my previous lions . yellow fuzzy urltoken what are you looking at urltoken urltoken pterois mombassae , i had to use flash because the tank he is in is barely lit until i build a new canopy for mh ' s urltoken urltoken this is my old mombassae , he was probably the most electric red fish i have ever seen urltoken urltoken my old fuzzy that went carpet surfing , raised this guy from a small baby urltoken a different fuzzy urltoken hope you enjoy ( i suck at taking pics )
nice ! i used to have a huge volitans that was my favorite fish of all time . it would always come to the top of my tank and get hand fed . i had to downsize to my 12 gallon so i had to sell him . what do think has a better or similar personality to a volitans ? i was looking at a fu manchu or a fuzzy dwarf . i would like to get one that is bold like my last lion .
since i have an open top tank do you think the lion would jump out ? my volitans never jumped when i had an open top on my 55 gallon . the fuzzzy would be the only fish in the tank .
fuzzies can , and do jump , so a cover is a great idea . jarrod , your yellow fuzzy is lookin ' sweet , and the p . mombassae is just a super fish . . . it ' s easy to be a lion - nut , isn ' t it ? i know what you mean about the mombasa being
electric red
. . . they truly look like candy canes , don ' t they ?
is this it for photos of lions ? since you insist . . . urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken urltoken feel free to add some of your own . . .
wow , these are some beautiful fish . i really want to get another one but i don ' t know if i have the time to commit to weening another one & if i want to take the risk of having one starve in the process .
hero , a lion can go quite awhile without eating , but the way we wean fish we feed them live ghosties or guppies to establish the fact that they ' re eating ( 1 - 4 weeks , depending on the fish ' s condition and
willingness
to eat ) , then try weaning for a week or so . if the fish is stubborn , it gets a few live meals , to keep its weight up , then the process starts again . this is pretty much the routine until the fish is weaned . . . we never stop trying .
why guppies instead of black mollies ? ease / cost of the fish ? i recall that guppies can be acclimated to salt , but don ' t fare as well as black mollies do .
gorgeous rhino up there - one of my dream fish someday here ' s a couple of my fuzzy dwarf who chills in my reef tank . got him when he was too small to eat whole pe mysis shrimp , and have had him since . always been on frozen foods . urltoken urltoken
she ' s ( definitely a female ) a sweetie , ' bamage . yeah , rhinos have always been a
holy grail
fish for me . . .
how can you tell gender ? if it ' s a girl i can ' t get as grumpy when my girlfriend calls her fluffy . . .
i think less than six strips on the pectoral fins mean female but greg knows his lions .
bamage - - - w / dwarf fuzzys and d . barberi its straightforward . read here urltoken
adult male dwarf fuzzy lions are readily identified by having a larger head , longer pectoral fins ( the fin tips reach past the caudal peduncle ) , and have between 6 to 10 bands ( or stripes ) on their pectoral fins . female dwarf fuzzy lionfish have only 4 to 6 stripes .
just to clarify , it ' s the dark bands that you count . i ' ve had several folks ask me
which
bands everyone refers to . with the
6 - banders
, which is the
cross - over
number , you usually need to wait until the fish gets a bit older to check it ' s pectoral length and head size . frank , i was going to quote your article , but you saved me the trouble ! : )


inodrillia hesperia is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family horaiclavidae .

it was previously included within the family turridae .

inodrillia hesperia

smithsonian institution , 2016 inodrillia hesperia bartsch , 1943 . urltoken [ accessed 07 / 11 / 2016 ] .
species inodrillia cestrota ( dall , 1889 ) accepted as inodrillia dalli ( verrill & s . smith [ in verrill ] , 1882 )
inodrillia dalli ( a . e . verrill and s . smith , 1882 )
inodrillia carpenteri ( a . e . verrill & s . smith , 1880 )
species inodrillia dalli ( verrill & s . smith [ in verrill ] , 1882 )
smithsonian institution , 2016 inodrillia nucleata . urltoken [ accessed 07 / 11 / 2016 ] .
smithsonian institution , 2016 inodrillia acova bartsch , 1943 . urltoken [ accessed 07 / 11 / 2016 ] .
smithsonian institution , 2016 inodrillia dido bartsch , 1943 . urltoken [ accessed 07 / 11 / 2016 ] .
smithsonian institution , 2016 inodrillia hilda bartsch , 1943 . urltoken [ accessed 07 / 11 / 2016 ] .
smithsonian institution , 2016 inodrillia ino bartsch , 1943 . urltoken [ accessed 07 / 11 / 2016 ] .
smithsonian institution , 2016 inodrillia cestrota ( dall , 1889 ) . urltoken [ accessed 10 / 11 / 2016 ] .
species inodrillia carpenteri ( verrill & s . smith [ in verrill ] , 1880 ) accepted as cymatosyrinx carpenteri ( verrill & s . smith [ in verrill ] , 1880 )
rosenberg , g . ; moretzsohn , f . ; garcía , e . f . ( 2009 ) . gastropoda ( mollusca ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 579–699 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
bouchet p . & rocroi j . - p . ( 2010 ) . nomenclator of molluscan supraspecific names . [ unpublished database ] . [ details ]
bouchet , p . ; kantor , y . i . ; sysoev , a . ; puillandre , n . ( 2011 ) . a new operational classification of the conoidea ( gastropoda ) . journal of molluscan studies . 77 ( 3 ) : 273 - 308 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of inodrillara bartsch , 1943 ) bouchet , p . ; kantor , y . i . ; sysoev , a . ; puillandre , n . ( 2011 ) . a new operational classification of the conoidea ( gastropoda ) . journal of molluscan studies . 77 ( 3 ) : 273 - 308 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of inodrillina bartsch , 1943 ) bouchet , p . ; kantor , y . i . ; sysoev , a . ; puillandre , n . ( 2011 ) . a new operational classification of the conoidea ( gastropoda ) . journal of molluscan studies . 77 ( 3 ) : 273 - 308 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
felder , d . l . ; camp , d . k . ( eds . ) . ( 2009 ) . gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity .
- note : several protected species are illustrated here only for identification purposes . they are not for sale . - the photos in our gallery are in most cases just a sample from our stock , except when only one specimen is offered . we try to match the original color but it can vary if your screen is not correctly adjusted ( gamma correction ) .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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chionodes distinctella , the eastern groundling , is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in almost all of europe ( except croatia ) , as well as most of russia , kazakhstan , central asia and north africa .

the habitat consists of dry , rocky heath and meadows and the verges and rough pastures .

the wingspan is 15 – 19 mm .

adults have been recorded on wing from early june to october in two generations per year in western europe .

the larvae feed within the roots of genista and thymus species , as well as artemisia campestris .

chionodes distinctella

chionodes distinctella ( eastern groundling ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
[ chionodes distinctella ( zeller , 1839 ) ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) : discovery of larvae in the british isles . entomologistís gazette 65 : 169ė174 ]
chionodes fumatella is generally a darker species with varying degrees of blackish speckling and up to three prominent spots . the black spot in the centre of the wing at one - third is often present in both species but is usually more obvious and larger in c . fumatella , this feature being further accentuated by the surrounding small patches of white scales . a few scattered white scales may occur in this area in c . distinctella but they are generally less extensive .
id to genus based on male genitalia : abdominal s8 divided into separate dorsal and ventral plates ; gnathos simple ; valvae tubular , tapering , without bristles ; base of valva not swollen > chionodes . both british species show much variation , they are best separated on features of the genitalia . in mbgbi3 males are separated on the basis that the uncus of c . fumatella has a short sclerotised apical thorn , lacking in c . distinctella - this feature may have been chosen as it can be seen without dissection ( with the aid of a binocular microscope ) - however , just about every other feature shows a more obvious distinction . the aedeagus of c . distinctella is long ( almost as long as the armature from apex of saccus to apex of uncus ) , with an obviously reflexed apex ; that of c . fumatella is much shorter , without a reflexed apex . the valvae of c . distinctella are short , just reaching the tip of the gnathos ; those of c . fumatella are long , reaching the uncus . the saccus of c . distinctella is a long broad plate with fairly straight sides and a rounded apex ; that of c . fumatella is shorter with emarginate sides and a squared apex .
the rich - brown forewing has quite well - defined blackish areas with white scales around the stigmata (
chionodes
from the greek for
snowy
to describe these white areas ) . due to the range of variation in each of the british species of
the colour and markings can vary quite considerably within c . distinctella , the forewing colour ranging from pale to dark brown sometimes without any contrasting areas and occasionally showing strongly contrasting patches of lighter ochreous and darker brown . this contrast can , on occasions , be found in c . fumatella and if there is any doubt then they are best separated by dissection ( but see below ) . as c . distinctella is on the wing slightly earlier , dissection of any suspected c . fumatella in early or mid - june is probably advisable .
the larva of scythris picaepennis feed in a similar manner to that noted above on bird ' s - foot - trefoil , but examination of the head and prothoracic plate will suffice to separate the two . c . distinctella larva have a black head and prothoracic plate while the head of s . picaepennis is yellow with a brown hind margin and the prothoracic plate is blackish with the front margin yellow .
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notes : nationally scarce ( na ) on dry sandy areas in england and wales , with a few isolated populations in scotland and ireland . known in the past from the new forest , hayling island and the itchen valley in hampshire , but with no recent records . not recorded from the isle of wight to date . wingspan 14 - 15 mm . larva feeds within roots of various grasses .
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a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .
a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !
a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .
mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel
identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley
a widespread but local species ( nationally scarce a ) , occurring both inland and on the coast of southern england . in northern england , wales , scotland and ireland it is very local and has been recorded on the coast only . it occurs on downland , coastal shingle , breckland , sand dunes and other sandy habitats .
it is single - brooded , flying from late june to mid - august . the larva feeds from a sand - covered , silken tube vertically attached to moss that is touching the upper leaves of bird ? s - foot - trefoil (
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larvae found in 2014 at winterton ( b . heckford , s . beavan , 15 / 05 / 14 ) an inland records from middle harling heath in 2016 .
recorded in 12 ( 17 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 2017 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
widely scattered throughout the british isles ; at best local but can be present in reasonable numbers at favoured sites . it occurs both inland and on the coast in central and southern england but elsewhere , in northern england , wales , scotland and ireland , it is restricted to coastal locations and is very local .
lotus corniculatus ( bird ' s - foot - trefoil ) , rumex acetosella ( sheep ' s sorrel ) and , probably , hypochaeris radicata ( cat ' s - ear ) - beavan & heckford , 2014 .
in europe on artemisia campestris ( field wormwood ) and a rumex sp . ( sorrel / dock ) .
when feeding on bird ' s - foot - trefoil , the larva spins a vertical silken tube in adjacent moss from which it feeds on the touching foodplant . when found one centimetre down in moss around sheep ' s sorrel there was no sign of spinning in the adjacent moss .
downland , fenland , coastal shingle , breckland , sand dunes and other sandy habitats .
larva : feeds within a sand - covered silken tube vertically attached to the moss syntricha ruralis ssp . ruraliformis ( sand - hill screw - moss ) open at the upper end where the tube touches or is slightly attached to the upper leaves of bird ' s - foot - trefoil at a site in northern scotland . additionally in norfolk within the moss dicranum scoparium ( broom fork - moss ) about one centimetre below the surface , with no evidence of a silken tube and with sheep ' s sorrel growing amongst it . in captivity , the leaves of sheeps sorrel were eaten but the larvae were not observed feeding ( beavan & heckford , 2014 and 2015 ) .
adult : can be swept and disturbed from suitable habitat on warm days , comes to sugar and readily attracted to light . in europe has been observed nectaring on ox - eye daisy .
the uncus on the male genitalia of c . fumatella is narrower and has a short projecting thorn in the centre which can be seen under a microscope without a full dissection by brushing off the end scales from the abdomen .
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quite a frequent species . on the coast at felixstow , aldeburgh , southwold and lowestoft ; on the breck at brandon ( barrett ) and tuddenham ( farren ) fen in august 1905 ( mly ) .
male . confirmed by gen . det . jon clifton - dunwich , suffolk ( 25 . vi . 2014 ) © paul kitchener
male . id confirmed by gen . det . ( jon clifton ) - orfordness , suffolk ( 4 . vii . 2015 ) © neil sherman
taxa which do not fall within rdb categories but which are none - the - less uncommon in great britain and thought to occur in between 31 and 100 10km squares of the national grid or , for less - well recorded groups between eight and twenty vice - counties . superseded by nationally scarce , and therefore no longer in use .
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§1 snettisham , norfolk ; 24 / 07 / 2014 ; male ; fw 6 . 5mm
§2 winterton , norfolk ; 09 / 07 / 2015 ; male ; fw 7 . 0mm ; to light
§3 winterton , norfolk ; 06 / 08 / 2015 ; female ; fw 6 . 9mm ; to light §4 dungeness , kent ; 25 / 07 / 2017 ; female ; fw 6 . 7mm ; to light §5 dungeness , kent ; 25 / 07 / 2017 ; female ; fw 6 . 3mm ; to light