the pectoral sparrow ( arremon taciturnus ) is a species of bird in the family emberizidae .

it is found in bolivia , brazil , colombia , french guiana , guyana , peru , suriname , and venezuela .

its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests .

the brazilian name for this species is tico-tico-de-bico-preto , which in translation means " black billed sparrow " .

pectoral sparrow

pectoral sparrow ( arremon taciturnus ) is a species of bird in the emberizidae family .
has a black bill like the widespread nominate form , but a broken breast band . this sparrow forages largely on the ground , often in pairs , usually hidden in undergrowth . it may forage by scratching at and shifting leaf litter while on ground , or in low shrubs in the undergrowth . the song of pectoral sparrow is simple , a series of high pitched hisses :
the pectoral sparrow is distributed throughout the amazon basin except in the western parts and in north - east and eastern brazil . it is usually inconspicuous and found in the undergrowth of forest and woodland . photos 1 , 2 and 4 were taken in caatinga .
as the brazilian name suggests , the pectoral sparrow is noted for its black bill while most of the other arremon sparrows have yellow bills . just to confuse the issue , however , the sub - species a . t . axillaris of north - east colombia and western venezuela has a yellow lower mandible .
chapada diamantina : cerrado , caatinga and dry forest . great xenops , sincora antwren , silvery - cheeked antbird , sao francisco sparrow , hooded visorbearer , buff - throated pampafinch , and diamantina tapaculo
15 cm ; 22–32 g . a medium - sized , chunky sparrow with relatively thick - based but long bill . male nominate race has black head , narrow white supercilium that begins . . .
jaramillo , a . & de juana , e . ( 2018 ) . pectoral sparrow ( arremon taciturnus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
we had decided to try for all 3 specialties in one day . the diamantina tapaculo , sincora antwren and the san francisco sparrow . in the end we tried hard , drove a lot but dipped all three species .
though the weather in the chapada diamantina area was fine , we didn’t encounter much bird activity and we struggled to find the specialties . here we missed the recently described sincora antwren and more unexpectedly also the san fransisco sparrow .
are that the full breast band in the latter is reduced to two breast patches near the wing bend in the former . it also has an orange bill with a black culmen . another closely related species is the half - collared sparrow
in the morning we drove to the village of palmeiras ( 1 hour drive ) and birded a couple of hours along the dirt track , beyond palmeiras . the target species was the recently described san francisco sparrow , but we dipped again .
( which occurs from the base of the eastern andes in colombia east to western venezuela ) has a bicolored bill pattern and the pectoral band broken , so that only dark spurs are present on the sides of the breast . southwestern ( peru and bolivia )
the san francisco sparrow was only described as a species as recently as 1997 . see the article by marcos raposo in ararajuba 5 ( 1 ) : 3 - 9 entitled
a new species of arremon ( passeriformes : emberizidae ) from brazil
together we drove to the village of palmeiras via a dirt road and spent the last couple of hours searching for the sparrow and again to no avail . in the evening we had a nice meal with plenty of beer and we had some good laughs .
today was wiel’s birthday . we left jeremoba in the early morning and made some stops just outside jeremoaba , along the dirt road to canudos . we quickly found some red - throated tanagers , but best of all was the male pectoral antwren , which gave excellent views .
is a species of edge and undergrowth of older forest and second growth , ranging from the lowlands up to 1000 m . the english name for the species comes from the dark breast ( or
pectoral
) band that is present in some subspecies . all populations of pectoral sparrows have a black bill , a black face and a contrasting white supercilium ; they also have a bold white throat and a gray median crown stripe . the upperparts are a vivid grass green , becoming more yellowish at the bend of the wing , and are generally whitish below with gray washed flanks . the northwestern subspecies
canudos area : mainly caatinga with some gallery forest : lear’s macaw , blue - winged macaw , red - legged seriema , caatinga parakeet , broad - tipped hermit , ruby topaz , stripe - breasted starthroat , red - shouldered spinetail , caatinga cachalote , pectoral antwren , white - naped jay and scarlet - throated tanager .
breakfast . check out . transfer to the town of estancia ( 340km - 211mi ) . for this morning , we will be using a special route that shall produce more lear´s macaws and also the very rare pectoral antwren . hopefully , we will arrive in time for some birding , pushing for the also very , very rare fringed - backed fiery - eye . we shall do some owling looking for the rufous nightjar , which has a funny call . return to the hotel . fct . dinner . overnight at the freedom hotel .
breakfast . this morning , our priority will be the lear´s macaws ! we will try to watch as many of them , as possible ! canudos , will offer some other special birds too , such the scarlet - throated tanager , which has only one relative , in south america , located at the andes ! ! ! other possibilities are : blue - winged macaw , red - legged seriema , caatinga parakeet , broad - tipped hermit , ruby topaz , stripe - breasted starthroat , red - shouldered spinetail , caatinga cachalote , pectoral antwren , white - naped jay and black - chested buzzard eagle . fct . dinner . overnigh at the biological station or hotel brazil .
ceara gnateater ( we will be at the brazilian state of ceara – so , it is a must ! ! ! ) , moustached woodcreeper , spot - winged wood - quail ( some times , tame enough to walk among us ! ) , slender - footed tyrannulet , short - tailed antthrus , other birds with a larger distribution but , also nice to see will be : wing - banded hornero , gray - headed spinetail , blond - crested woodpecker ( potential future split ) , little woodpecker , band - tailed manakin , pectotal sparrow , ruby - topaz hummingbird , squirrel cuckoo , straight - billed and lesser woodcreepers , sooty - fronted and ochre - cheeked spinetails , white - throated spadebill , black - tailed flycatcher , planalto and reddish hermits .
but we also observed : white - browed guan , spot - winged wood - quail , spot - flanked gallinule , giant snipe , jandaya parakeet , golden - capped parakeet , cactus parakeet , grey - breasted parakeet , rufous nightjar , pygmy nightjar , scissor - tailed nightjar , broad - tipped hermit , ruby topaz hummingbird , long - tailed woodnymph , hooded visorbearer , spotted piculet , tawny piculet , ochraceous piculet , bahia spinetail , cinereous - breasted spinetail , ochre - cheeked spinetail , grey - headed spinetail , caatinga cachalote , great xenops , spot - backed antshrike , silvery - cheeked antshrike , caatinga antshrike , planalto slaty antshrike , sooretama slaty antshrike , spot - breasted antvireo , alagoas antwren , stripe - backed antbird , caatinga antwren , pectoral antwren , narrow - billed antwren , black - bellied antwren , orange - bellied antwren , rio de janeiro antbird , fringe - backed fire - eye , slender antbird , scalloped antbird , white - browed antpitta , black - cheeked gnateater , caatinga gnateater , diamantina tapaculo , black - headed berryeater , cinnamon - vented piha , white - winged cotinga , pale - bellied tyrant - manakin , lesser wagtail - tyrant , greater wagtail - tyrant , bahia tyrannulet , alagoas tyrannulet , buff - breasted tody - tyrant , fork - tailed tody - tyrant , ochre - faced tody - tyrant , ash - throated casiornis , white - naped jay , grey - eyed greenlet , yellow - faced siskin , red - cowled cardinal , scarlet - throated tanager , seven - coloured tanager and forbes’s blackbird .
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there are recordings on xeno - canto , a distribution map from natureserve and additional information available via avibase . there is a page with excellent photos at wikiaves .
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authors : simon octavio valdez - juarez , thomas s . schulenberg , and alvaro jaramillo
valdez - juarez , s . o . , t . s . schulenberg , and a . jaramillo ( 2012 ) .
) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
until recently considered conspecific with a . semitorquatus ( in recent study found to be parapatric with latter , with no intermediate specimens or evidence of gene flow ) and hitherto with a . axillaris . two subspecies recognized .
p . l . sclater , 1886 – se peru ( cuzco and puno ) and n bolivia ( pando , la paz and cochabamba ) .
song , from low perch , often a log , sometimes from ground , simple , a series of high - pitched hisses . . .
open undergrowth in humid forest and in older second growth within tropical zone ; will utilize . . .
no information on diet ; likely a mix of seeds and arthropods . forages largely on ground , usually hidden in undergrowth ; also in low shrubs . . .
in se peru , active nests aug–dec . nest a sphere with side entrance , made from grasses , placed in low shrub or base of palm , or on the . . .
not globally threatened . fairly common . has reasonably large range ; no evidence of population declines .
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formerly included in a broader emberizidae . recent phylogeny # r has recovered evidence of eight major clades within this newly recognized grouping : ( i ) melospiza and allies ; ( ii and iii ) melozone , atlapetes , pipilo and allies , which form two sister - clades ; ( iv ) zonotrichia , junco and allies ; and ( v–viii ) all other species , which form a polytomy at base of tree , but can be split into ( a ) arremon , ( b ) spizella , amphispiza , chondestes and calamospiza , ( c ) peucaea , arremonops , ammodramus and rhynchospiza , and finally ( d ) two genera that have often been placed in thraupidae , oreothraupis and chlorospingus .
includes two species ( a . crassirostris and a . castaneiceps ) that were often placed in genus lysurus in past , but are subsumed herein on basis of similarities in molecular data , plumage , voice , behaviour and microhabitat ; in addition , genus buarremon ( some or all of which were sometimes treated as atlapetes ) has proved to be paraphyletic with respect to both arremon and lysurus , so it too is now included in present genus # r # r # r # r .
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andretti . tche , josep del hoyo , anselmo d affonseca , lars petersson , jacqueserard , lilium , jmittermeier , arthur grosset , ken simonite .
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 29 side a track 22 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 304 side b track 28 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 351 side b track 31 seq . a )
edge of gerynium . distance to observer : 5 m . perch height : 2 m . tape counter : 679
so this song belongs to taht species . low - pass filtered at 400 hz .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : arremon taciturnus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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this genus of birds , arremon , are dwellers of deep forest and barely are seen properly , so this is a chance to enjoy .
it seems to be restricted to thick scrub caatinga and is found only on the valley of the rio são francisco in the states of bahia and minas gerais . these photos were taken in this tyype of habitat in the chapada diamantina , bahia . it is classified as near threatened by birdlife international .
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please note that we are currently undergoing a data review process and not all species data will be available for download and viewing from this web page . please watch this web page for future updates on the status of data availability .
download ancillary data > > ( land cover , forest edge , human impact , etc . )
download additional data > > ( slope , aspect , canopy cover , etc . )
note : you must first choose a species , then click distribution or range buttons to begin download of zip file containing selected data .
to spatially view the range data in gis , you will need to download the hydrologic units file geodatabase and join with the species range table . see the instructions for joining hucs to species range tables for details .
below is a list of the ancillary data available for download . see the info section below for more information on each ancillary dataset . ancillary data is delivered as zipped arcgis grids .
part 1 : landcover , elevation , human impact avoidance , forest edge and forest / open ecotone + woodlands / shrublands click here to download . file size : 5 gb .
note : data are divided up by species modeling regions and you will need 7zip to decompress the files .
the lower 48 states of the u . s . were divided into six regions for modeling purposes . each of the ancillary data layers are split into these six regions and models were run within a region and regional model output were compiled to create a complete distribution model across a species range . the regions are based on grouped mrlc zones . download the regional boundaries data layer .
to download regional data , select a region on the map or choose from dropdown , and then click on the data links below . descriptions of the data layers follow the links .
in addition to gap’s ancillary datasets that are used in species model , there are additional gap national datasets available . these include slope , aspect , and percent canopy cover .
slope this is a nationwide coverage of slope , which represents the percent of change of elevation for each 30 m cell . it is based on dem data . download slope data file ( 2 . 8 gb zipped ) .
aspect this is a nationwide coverage of aspect , which describes the direction of slope in degrees . it identifies the downslope direction of maximum change from each raster cell to its neighbors . download aspect data file ( 7 . 3 gb zipped ) .
percent canopy cover this is a nationwide cover of percent canopy cover . it was derived from the national land cover dataset ( nlcd ) . this dataset is a continuous canopy cover percentage . download percent canopy cover data here ( 3 . 4 gb zipped ) .
the gap ancillary datasets available for download are described below including descriptions of data variables and their values as well as the connection with model reports . the descriptions reflect how the data were used in the species models . for a clearer description of the data itself , refer to the metadata supplied for each layer . prior to downloading ancillary data , please read the data descriptions below to ensure they will meet your data needs .
environments dominated by human disturbance such as roads , cities , and the constructed materials that support human habitation have profound effects on species . for most species , this data layer was used to exclude species from a portion of the landscape . however , some species respond favorably to human habitats , therefore this data layer was used in an inclusionary manner .
high – for species that are very intolerant of human disturbance . all portions of the landscape identified as being directly influenced by human disturbance are eliminated from the predicted distribution .
medium – for species that are moderately intolerant of human disturbance . only portions of the landscape identified as being highly or moderately influenced by human disturbance are eliminated from the predicted distribution .
low – for species that are partially intolerant of human disturbance . only portions of the landscape identified as being highly influenced by human disturbance are eliminated from the predicted distribution .
some species respond to environments directly related to altitudinal variation . elevation ( e . g . , dem ) is easily implemented in spatial modeling by limiting the model to the minimum and maximum values explicitly stated in the literature . dems are utilized directly and are measured in meters above mean sea level .
model report : if a species’ model uses elevation as a model variable , then download the ancillary data for elevation .
water and its location on the landscape is a very important aspect of species habitats . the source for hydrographic data was the usgs national hydrography dataset ( nhd ) .
model report : if a species’ model report uses any of the hydrographic information , see the hydrography table for the correct file . each downloadable file in the table contains information with regards to salinity , water type , and velocity .
flowing water – flowing water represents hydrographic features such as streams , rivers , springs , seeps , ditches with moving water , etc .
standing water – standing water represents hydrographic features such as lakes , ponds , reservoirs , bays , inlets , estuaries , ocean , ditches with stagnant water , etc .
wet vegetation – wet vegetation represents hydrographic features such as swamps , marshes , carolina bays , etc . this includes a collection of map units representing seasonally or tidally inundated woody and non - woody plants .
water salinity is a major factor when considering habitat conditions for many species . however , the dynamic and complex nature of water systems makes the development of a highly refined and reliable data layer challenging . therefore , we developed three general categories to include in species habitat models for species requiring water .
all water ( i . e . , both brackish / salt water and freshwater )
for some aquatic species , this is an important aspect of their habitat , such as oxygenation levels , presence of invertebrate prey , and amount of sediment within the water column and on streambed substrates . stream velocity ( i . e . , stream gradient ) was derived from a combination of streams and slopes calculated from a digital elevation model ( dem ) , which created three categories for stream gradient .
slow only – for species that require slow moving or almost stagnant sections of streams or rivers . typically these are areas where the underlying topography is flat ( 0 % gradient ) .
fast only – for species that require high velocity sections of streams or rivers . typically these are areas where the underlying topography is steep . a threshold of > 5 % gradient was used .
all types – for species that can utilize either fast or slow sections of streams or rivers .
land cover the ecological systems mapped in the gap national land cover data were used as ‘map units’ to describe habitat types preferred by species .
model report : if a species’ model uses map units as a model variable , then download the ancillary data for land cover . map units are designated as either primary or secondary . primary maps units are defined as those ecological systems critical for a species’ reproduction and survival . secondary map units are those ecological systems generally not critical for reproduction and survival , but typically are used in conjunction with primary map units for foraging , roosting , and / or sub - optimal nesting locations . secondary map units are selected only when located within a specified distance from primary map units .
patch size the type and size of clusters of habitat can be assessed with spatial modeling . we used patch size to indicate minimum amounts of contiguous habitat needed for a species . this variable requires the generation of cluster sizes in the actual modeling code during post processing . in other words , these model variables are not independent ancillary data layers .
model report : if a species’ model uses patch size , this variable is generated in the actual modeling code during post processing . any cells that do not form a minimum contiguous patch are eliminated . there are no specific ancillary layers for this variable .
contiguous patch – minimum size ( ha ) – this parameter is set using the most conservation values explicitly stated in the specie literature .
forest and ecotone habitats the ecotone ( i . e . , edge ) between forested and non - forested environments can be a critical aspect of habitat . we grouped map units into forested , non - forested , and shrubland / woodland land cover types to create unique data layers . these data layers can then be buffered at specified distances to identify species habitats . aggregated map units can be compared and contrasted to identify areas of transition between these broad categories . they can also be used to identify core areas or contiguous blocks of similar type ( i . e . , interior ) through buffering .
forested map units included deciduous forest , evergreen forest , mixed forest , palustrine forested wetland , and estuarine forested wetland .
non - forested map units were defined as water , pasture / hay , agricultural areas , urban / developed , marshes , beaches , etc .
woodland / shrubland map units were defined as those ecological systems and land uses containing a majority of short , scrubby , woody vegetation or sparsely canopied treed vegetation .
ecotone type forest / open ecotone only – this data layer represents the transitional areas between forest and open , non - forested habitats .
model report : if a species’ model uses edge type and it is set as forest / open ecotone only , then download the ancillary data for forest edge .
forest / open ecotone + woodlands / shrublands – the forest / open only ecotone does not consider environments with sparse canopies or scrubby vegetation , therefore this data layer includes woodland and shrubland map units that would otherwise be ignored . this dataset uses 2 data layers in tandem . the forest / open ecotone and the woodlands / shrublands ( i . e . , wlsl ) are calculated individually and then combined to depict a landscape that includes both ecotones .
model report : if a species’ model uses edge type and it is set as forest / open ecotone + woodlands / shrublands , then download the ancillary data for forest edge and forest / open ecotone + woodlands / shrublands .
this distance represents a symmetrically buffered edge ( i . e . , 0 , 30 , 60 , 120 , 250 , 500 , and 1000 meters ) . for example , an ecotone width of 500 meters includes 250 meters into forest and 250 meters into open .
distances into ecotone ( e . g . , forest edge ) : 0 , 30 , 60 , 120 , 250 , 500 , 1000 , 2000 , 4000 , and > 4000 meters
distances away ecotone ( e . g . , forest edge : > 4000 , 4000 , 2000 , 1000 , 500 , 250 , 120 , 60 , 30 and 0 meters
model report : if a species’ model uses ecotone width , this variable is applied to the corresponding ecotone ( s ) described above ( see ecotone type ) .
this data layer is comprised of unique aggregations of forest and non - forest map units taken from the gap land cover data . see above under forest and ecotone habitats for descriptions of the forest and non - forest map units .
model report : if a species’ model uses forest interior as a model variable , then download the ancillary data for forest edge .
for a species that requires interior forest ( e . g . , uses ) :
for a species that avoids interior forest ( e . g . , avoids ) :
u . s . department of the interior | u . s . geological survey url : urltoken page contact information : webmaster page last modified : october 10 , 2017
brazil is bigger than continental usa , if , we do not count alaska…but , it has only one single endemic vegetation : the caatinga . which is located on the northeast part of the country…ealier it was home of many types of dinosaurs…now , is home of the rare of the rarest among the brazilian birds…such the araripe manakin , lear´s macaw , scarlet - throated tanager , caatinga antwren , white - browed guan , gray - bellied and caatinga parakeet & much more…with the knowledge of exploring this area for more than 30 years…
arrival at the airport of fortaleza . meeting your guide , upon your arrival . transfer to the mountain range of baturité ( 104 km - 64 mi . ) . check in . initial birding experience , looking for birds , such : white - browed guan , caatinga gnateater , grey - breasted parakeet , gould’s toucanet , ochraceous piculet , buff - breasted tody - tyrant and rufous - breasted leaftosser ,
field check list track ( fct ) . dinner . overnight at the alto da serra lodge .
early breakfast ( before sunrise ) . full morning dedicated to find as many birds as possible , such the ones mentioned above . baturite is a lovely location , with a very well preserved forest & due its altitude offers a very nice temperature , wich combined with superb birds , makes a perfect combination for the very first full day birding , as mentioned – above – a unique vegetation . in this case , we believe that this forest was connect , somehow , to the amazon forest , in the past , that why we would have similar birds & splits . we will make a stop for lunch & have a break , before we start our afternoon birding , looking for possible missing birds & staying long enough to do some owling . target : spectacled owl . return to the hotel . fct . dinner . overnight ant the alto da serra lodge .
breakfast . check out . transfer to the town of crato ( 430 km - 267mi . ) , with birding in route , that might produce : southen pochard , red - cowled cardinal , wing - banded hornero , spotted puffbird , white - napped jay and red - legged seriema ,
turkey and lesser yellow - headed vultures , snail kite , savanna hawk , wattled jacana , southern lapwing , white - faced and black - bellieds duck , brazilian teal and masked water - tyrant .
. check in . field check list track ( fct ) . dinner . overnight .
important : our hotel , the encosta da serra hotel , will be facing the walls of the araripe national forest , with an easy access to best birding areas .
breakfast . early birding at the caatinga vegetation . searching for endemics , such the : caatinga parakeet , white - browed guan , tawny piculet , red - shouldered spinetail , great xenops , silvery - cheeked antshrike , caatinga antshrike , caatinga antwren , white - browed antpitta , stripe - backed antbird , ash - throated casiornis , white - naped jay , araripe manakin , pale - bellied tyrant - manakin , grey - eyed greenlet and white - throated seedeater .
by , 9 : 00 am . we will drive to the araripe manakin area . we shall spend the rest of the morning at this place . lunch . siesta . pm : we will be returning to the caatinga vegetation , looking for possible missing birds & trying better looks on those we already seen . owling : we will be looking for pauraques and the gray potoo . return to the hotel , in crato . fct . dinner . overnight at the encosta da serra hotel .
breakfast . check out . transfer to canudos and / or euclides da cunha ( 380km - 236 mi ) . of course , we won´t hesitate in making stops every time we get birds to watch ! we expect to arrive , in time for some birding and some owling , as well , specially , because we would have chances for the magnificent scissor - tailed nightjar ! fct . dinner . overnight at the biological station or hotel brazil .
breakfast . check out . final birding at estancia . with chances for : red - shouldered macaw , orange - winged parrot , golden - capped parakeet and sooretama slaty antshrike . drive to lençois ( 543 km - 337mi ) , with more birding andnd lunch , in route . arrival by the end of the day . check in . fct . dinner . overnight at the hotel de lençois .
breakfast . full day , birding the most scenic place of the entire trip . target birds :
south american snipe , grey - backed tachuri , buff - throated pampa - finch , collared crescentchest , white - eared puffbird , plain - crested and highland elaenias , white - vented violetear , violet - capped woodnymph , versicoloured emerald , chicli ( spix´s ) spinetail , cinnamon tanager , rufous - winged antshrike , blue - finch and spotted piculet . at any time , we may find : biscutate swifts . lencois also has a very nice forest patch , that may produce :
streaked xenops , yellow tyrannulet , greenish elaenia , black - tailed tityra , gree - winged saltator and hooded siskin . return to the hotel
breakfast . check out . transfer to boa nova ( 422km - 262mi , with birding and lunch , in route . we shall arrive , with time enough to watch the most important bird of this area : the slender antbird . boa nova has a strategic location…right behind a mountain range that holds all the moisture coming from the ocean…thus , around the village we will find the caatinga , combined with the “mata do cipó” ( vine forest – it surely , deserves such name – it has to be seen to be believed ! ! ! ) . by the way , this vine forest is the home of the slender antbird &
narrow - billed antwren , stripe - backed antbird , silvery - cheeked antshrike , buff - breasted tody - tyrant , ruby - topaz hummingbird and a day time roost ( ! ! ! ) for the pygmy nightjar ! check - in .
frilled coquette , buff - throated purpletuft , crescent - chested puffbird yellow - eared woodpecker , pallid spinetail , striated softtail , yellow - lored tody - flycatcher , oustalet’s tyrannulet , gilt - edged tanager , reddish - bellied parakeet , scale - throated hermit , sapphire - spangled emerald , black - eared fairy , black - throated trogon , swallow - wing , black - necked aracari , yellow - throated woodpecker , plain - winged , white - throated , planalto and scaled woodcreepers , black - billed scythebill , ochre - breasted and buff - fronted foliage - gleaners , sharp - tailed streamcreeper , sharpbill , swallow - tailed manakin , hang - nest tody - tyrant , greenish mourner , chestnut - crowned becard , white - necked and cocoa thrushes , white - browed warbler , red - crowned ant - tanager , black - goggled and golden - chevroned tanagers , rufous - sided crake , blackish rail , campo flicker , pale - legged hornero , yellow - browed tyrant , brown - chestedmartin , white - bellied seedeater , least pygmy - owl . and , at the end of the day , we will look for the “ cherry on the top of the cake” : giant snipe . return to the lodge . fct . dinner . overnight at the pousada dos passaros .
early breakfast ( before sunrise , as always ) . surely , just one day is not enough to cover all the birds of boa nova , that why we are staying here for two full days , trying to offer as much as possible good chances to see these special birds . based , on the previous day , our targets will be the missing birds , either at the humid forest or at the vine forest and if , necessary , we will bird both places . with a stop for lunch & small break .
by the way , eventually , we will count with the help of local guides , expanding our chances of success & at the same time helping the local community by using they local knowledge . return to the hotel . fct . dinner . overnight at the pousada dos pássaros .
there is a saying…”think big”…well , this time…think high ! since , we will go up to 950m ! …almost 3 . 000 ft ! …but , we couldn´t have a better reason : starting with the – just recently discorverd : pink - legged gravateiro ! plus a multitude of birds such ,
buffy - fronted seedeater , temminck’s seedeater , sooty grassquit , drab - breasted bamboo - tyrant , plumbeous antvireo , spot - breasted antvireo , salvadori’s antwren , star - throated antwren , spot - backed antshrike , white - wedge piculet , white - eyed foliage - gleaner , crescent - chested puffbird , lemon - chested greenlet , with some luck we may also get bahia tyrannulet and rufous - brown solitaire .
in a past trip , we were the very first ones to watch a harpy eagle here ! ! ! other raptors are : mantled hawk , black hawk - eagle , black - and - white hawk - eagle and king vulture .
we shall arrive at the village of camacan , by lunch time . after lunch we will drive to a parking spot , at the forest , where we will be transferred to 4×4 vehicles that will take us to our lodge . after check - in , we will start birding – imediataly ! looking for each bird mentioned above . fct . dinner ( bring your binoculars – since there is a tropical screech - owl , seen – frequently – near the restaurant ! ) . overnihght at the serra bonita lodge .
breakfast . all day birding at serra bonita . this will be our last but , by no means our least day of our tour ! ! ! after spending the entire morning , looking for the wonderful birds mentioned above , we will be birding at the feeders of the lodge…we shall have a great time watching them & also photographing them , for those that will have a camera or a cell phone…these feeders are quite famous for attracting the following birds :
breakfast . check out . transfer to the airport in ilheus and flight to salvador . from salvador flight home .
after my friend jan vermeulen had finished a successful trip to this region in november 2008 , i wondered if a visit in august would be possible . i noticed that most birders and bird tour companies visit the area between november and march and so i concluded that this must be the optimum time .
as jan’s trip was organised by paulo boute and he was very pleased with his services , i decided to contact paulo . he told me that a trip in this period was no problem , with the exception of the murici area , but that area is tricky at any time of the year . rain can make the dirt roads leading to the relict patches of forest extremely slippery and dangerous .
as we definitely wanted to bird murici , we just took our chances . during our 2 days in the murici area we had one sunny day and one day which was partly rained out . but we saw most specialties on the rainy day ! ! anyway we let paulo organise our 24 day trip to the north east of brazil . i was accompanied by my brother frans , and friends rob bouwman and wiel poelmans . later we were joined by another dutch birder , hans westerlaken .
more and more birders visit this remote corner of brazil , which harbours over 100 brazilian endemics , representing more than a half of brazil’s endemic species . the avifauna is still poorly known and new species have been discovered with some regularity in the past years . also keep an eye on the different subspecies as many of them can warrant full species status in the ( near ) future .
the specialties occurring in the small , relict patches of evergreen atlantic forest , mainly in the state of alagoas , are rare and many of them are mentioned in “threatened birds of the world” of birdlife international .
it is depressing that these patches are surrounded by either huge sugarcane plantations or extensive cattle grounds .
serra de baturité : this massif is an island of moist atlantic forest . white - browed guan , caatinga gnateater , grey - breasted parakeet , gould’s toucanet , ochraceous piculet , buff - breasted tody - tyrant and rufous - breasted leaftosser .
chapada do araripe : dry forest , mainly caatinga . caatinga parakeet , white - browed guan , tawny piculet , red - shouldered spinetail , great xenops , silvery - cheeked antshrike , caatinga antshrike , caatinga antwren , white - browed antpitta , stripe - backed antbird , ash - throated casiornis , white - naped jay , araripe manakin , pale - bellied tyrant - manakin , grey - eyed greenlet and white - throated seedeater .
forest patches near palmares : white - collared kite , pinto’s spinetail , most alagoas specialties , white - winged cotinga , seven - coloured tanager , forbes’s blackbird .
murici atlantic forest ( near união de palmares ) : jandaya parakeet , alagoas foliage - gleaner , alagoas tyrannulet , alagoas antwren , orange - bellied antwren , scalloped antbird , pinto’s spinetail , black - headed berryeater , black - cheeked gnateater and seven - coloured tanager .
crasto forest : a small patch of atlantic forest . golden - capped parakeet , sooretama slaty antshrike , fringe - backed fire - eye and rufous nightjar .
boa nova : dry forest / caatinga . slender antbird , narrow - billed antwren , buff - throated purpletuft , pygmy nightjar and ash - throated casiornis . in a marshy area : giant snipe .
boa nova : wet forest . rio de janeiro antbird , spot - backed antbird , white - bibbed antbird , spot - breasted antvireo , fork - tailed tody - tyrant , drab - breasted bamboo - tyrant , ochre - faced tody - flycatcher , striated softtail , bahia tyrannulet , bahia spinetail , white - eyed foliage - gleaner , white - collared foliage - gleaner , ochre - breasted f . - gleaner , cinnamon - vented piha .
we flew from brussels via lisbon to fortaleza and back from salvador via lisbon to brussels with tap portugal . this was rather an expensive flight as we had to pay €1250 , - for a return ticket .
the unit of currency in brazil is the real . in august 2009 the rate was about 2 . 6 brl . to the euro . 1 . 8 brl . to the us $
we changed some cash at the airport for paying for our drinks during the trip . credit cards are widely accepted in larger hotels and shops .
paulo boute took care of all the ground arrangements . during the whole trip we had a spacious and comfortable mercedes minibus at our disposal . this was important as we had to cover a lot of ground during our stay in brazil . in all we drove some 5000 kilometres . we had an excellent and safe driver . i forgot his name but this big , black guy with a body of a fit wrestler was quickly nicknamed blondie by us .
road conditions vary in brazil from excellent tarmac roads in deserted areas to potholed roads , full with trucks . from time to time we had to use dirt roads which were not too bad . only in the murici area the dirt roads were terrible and dangerous , mainly because the surface became extremely slippery after rain . even with 4 - wheel drive cars we got stuck .
accommodation ranged from basic to good . in the warmer areas all rooms had fans or air - conditioning and even the basic rooms had private bathrooms . the food was generally good , with a good variety of vegetables but you have to like meat . most of the time we had buffet lunches and dinner in roadside restaurants at gas stations ( churrascarias ) and hotels .
as hardly anybody in this region speaks / understands english or even spanish it is very difficult to undertake an independent birding trip . finding the birding spots is another challenge , especially as road directions are also insufficient or lacking . paulo and our driver had to ask for directions regularly .
no special medical precautions are needed for travelling to northeast brazil . malaria is apparently not present . we did not have any real problems with mosquitoes but the pests are chiggers and ticks . as we did not visit any large cities or tourist areas , we never felt unsafe .
the weather was our main concern as most birders do not visit the region in august . but generally the weather was fine . it was hot and dry in the caatinga area and warm in other places during the day and nice cool in the early morning / evening .
we had a lot of rain at murici but that is normal at any time of the year and we lost one full morning at boa nova because of a nasty , constant drizzle . i do recommend bringing rubber boots with you on a trip to northeast brazil . very handy to cope with the wet and muddy conditions and also when going through bushy vegetation .
our tour produced a very healthy list of rare sightings . we missed a few but some of the birds we saw were outstanding . in alagoas we missed the alagoas foliage - gleaner and pinto’s spinetail .
highlights were many though , but the early morning flocks of lear’s macaw in the canudos area , the male araripe manakin at araripe and a soaring pair of the extremely rare white - collared kite at a forest patch near palmares stand out .
the quality of our observations is also reflected in the fact that we saw 10 species considered vulnerable , 8 species considered near threatened , 9 species considered endangered and 8 species considered critically endangered in “threatened birds of the world” by birdlife international .
looking back on our trip i can only say that our itinerary worked out fine . generally speaking , we had enough time to find the specialties . an extra morning at boa nova and cachoeira linda near palmares could have yielded some more birds but on the other hand if you find all the specialties in one day in the serra de baturité , you can save some time at this site .
paulo boute of boute expeditions – birdwatching , natural history & photo safaris urltoken bouteexpeditions @ urltoken paulo and his organisation did a fine job in organising this trip and paulo turned out to be very reliable as a birding guide .
i want to thank paulo for organising a brilliant trip and my birding companions frans , rob , wiel and hans for contributing to the success of this trip .
i want to dedicate this report to the memory of rob bouwman . having known him from the age of 15 , i shared many great birding moments with rob during his life . i birded with him at our home patch , on trips abroad and during a certain period of our lives we twitched all over the country . ( the netherlands ) unfortunately , rob decided just 5 days after we returned from our brazilian trip , to step out of this life , leaving us all behind in a state of shock .
at 7 . 00 4 members of the team assembled at my place in geldrop . my brother frans and friends rob bouwman and wiel poelmans . with a pre - arranged taxi bus we drove to brussels airport . here we met the fifth person hans westerlaken . a little after noon we flew from brussels via lisbon to fortaleza , where we arrived at 18 . 30 pm .
paulo was already waiting for us but we had a delay because wiel had some problems with the authorities because of an expired visa , back in the nineties ! ! apparently he was still in their computer , despite the fact that he paid the fine a long time ago . after this was settled ( and paid for ) we drove the short distance to our hotel . hotel blue tree towers .
after breakfast we left fortaleza for the 3 - hour drive to guaramiranga in the serra de baturité . we made 2 short stops during this drive but nothing special . the serra de baturité is an isolated 800 m . high massif with nice patches of atlantic forest and hold several rare and range - restricted species and sub species .
after arrival at our hotel ( hotel chalé das montanhas ) and lunch , we spent all afternoon along the entrance road to hotel remanso . the birding was rather slow but we were lucky to find a male long - tailed woodnymph . other more common species include our first wing - banded hornero , red - cowled cardinal and good views of a male great antshrike .
the highlight was the superb observation , late afternoon , of the rare grey - breasted parakeet at a known stake - out . the birds gave great scope - views .
just after dawn we started to bird the remanso trail , where we spent all morning .
the birding was again rather slow but we added among others gould’s toucanet , planalto hermit , ochraceous piculet , blond - crested woodpecker , ochre - cheeked spinetail , grey - headed spinetail , lesser woodcreeper , variable antshrike , plain antvireo , black - capped antwren and caatinga gnateater to our list . but not a sniff of the endemic buff - throated tody - tyrant .
after lunch we visited another site nearby , which apparently hold white - browed guan . we did not found the guan but saw 2 female - type ruby topaz hummingbirds and highlight was the superb observation of 2 rufous - sided crakes .
we spent almost the whole day on the remanso trail and its immediate surroundings . we only had an extensive lunch break at noon . this time we found several buff - breasted tody - tyrants . fantastic views of displaying band - tailed manakins but otherwise much the same species as yesterday .
in the afternoon we had an incredible close encounter with a very responsive pair of spot - winged wood - quails . at a given moment they were almost walking over our feet . some of us were luckyenough to obtain brief views of a rufous - breasted leaftosser , but i missed the bird . we had a good dinner on the plaza .
in the early morning we tried briefly for white - browed guan and frans and i were lucky to have brief views of 2 distant birds going through the canopy .
we then continued to crato , close to the chapada do araripe , with an extensive stop at an area , called morada nova . this is a known stake - out for pygmy nightjar and we were not to be disappointed . we had excellent and close views of several birds that gave great photographic opportunities . other species observed in this area include : limpkin , savanna hawk , snail kite , aplomado falcon , our first cactus parakeet and caatinga cachalote . at dusk , just before sunset we observed a few least nighthawks along the road , just before crato . in crato we checked in at the nice hotel encosta da serra .
dawn found us along a wide track , going through a nice patch of caatinga . we spent all morning in this habitat and found a wide selection of caatinga specialties .
caatinga parakeet , spotted piculet , red - shouldered spinetail , great xenops , red - billed scythebill , silvery - cheeked antshrike , caatinga barred antshrike , planalto slaty antshrike , stripe - backed antbird , caatinga antwren , black - bellied antwren , lesser wagtail - tyrant , pale - bellied tyrant - manakin , grey - eyed greenlet , long - billed wren and white - throated seedeater were all seen on this morning . after some perseverance we had excellent and close views of a responsive white - browed antpittta .


fusinus syracusanus , common name syracusan spindle shell , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

fusinus syracusanus

» variety fusinus syracusanus var . rissoianus locard , 1892 accepted as fusinus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 )
» variety fusinus syracusanus var . rubra scacchi , 1836 accepted as fusinus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 )
variety fusinus syracusanus var . rissoianus locard , 1892 accepted as fusinus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) accepted as aptyxis syracusana ( linnaeus , 1758 )
variety fusinus syracusanus var . rubra scacchi , 1836 accepted as fusinus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) accepted as aptyxis syracusana ( linnaeus , 1758 )
fusinus ( fusinus ) rafinesque , c . s . , 1815 type species : fusinus ( fusinus ) colus linnaeus , c . , 1758
fusinus ( aptyxis ) troschel , f . h . , 1868 type species : fusinus ( aptyxis ) syracusanus linnaeus , c . , 1758
fusinus ( fusinus ) ansatus caboblanquensis ( var . ) † ? ( 3 )
fusinus rafinesque , c . s . , 1815 type species : fusinus ( fusinus ) colus linnaeus , c . , 1758
scientific data : genus : fusinus species : syracusanus subspecies : forma : author : linnaeus , c . author year : 1758
jennifer hammock split the classifications by inventaire national du patrimoine naturel from fusinus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) to their own page .
hans - martin braun added the german common name
sizilianische spindelschnecke
to
fusinus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
» variety fusinus dupetitthouarsi var . irregularis grabau , 1904 accepted as fusinus irregularis ( grabau , 1904 )
» variety fusinus sectus var . minor nordsieck , 1968 accepted as fusinus sectus ( locard , 1897 )
» variety fusinus verrucosus var . chuni martens , 1904 accepted as fusinus chuni ( martens , 1904 )
species fusinus panamensis dall , 1908 accepted as fusinus spectrum ( a . adams & reeve , 1848 )
subgenus fusinus ( sinistralia ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as fusinus rafinesque , 1815
» variety fusinus verrucosus var . buccinoida ( röding , 1798 ) accepted as fusinus verrucosus ( gmelin , 1791 )
» forma fusinus ocellifer f . adamsii küster & kobelt , 1876 accepted as fusinus ocelliferus ( lamarck , 1816 )
species fusinus sagamiensis kuroda & habe , 1971 accepted as fusinus nigrirostratus ( e . a . smith , 1879 )
» variety fusinus perplexus var . nagasakii ( grabau , 1904 ) accepted as fusinus perplexus ( a . adams , 1864 )
» subspecies fusinus tuberosus sagamiensis kuroda & habe , 1971 accepted as fusinus nigrirostratus ( e . a . smith , 1879 )
distinguishing characteristics this species is larger than the native fusinus rostratus ( olivi , 1792 ) , has a stouter outline and a more open canal . fusinus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) has more definite , straight axial folds and a shorter canal .
» variety fusinus spectrum var . albus ( philippi , 1852 ) accepted as fusinus spectrum ( a . adams & reeve , 1848 )
» variety fusinus spectrum var . reeveanus ( philippi , 1850 ) accepted as fusinus spectrum ( a . adams & reeve , 1848 )
species fusinus alternatus settepassi , 1985 accepted as fusinus alternatus buzzurro & russo , 2007 ( unavailable following iczn art . 11 . 4 )
fusinus ( barbarofusus ) grabau , a . w . & shimer , 1909 type species : fusinus ( barbarofusus ) barbarensis trask , 1855
fusinus ( heilprinia ) grabau , a . w . , 1904 type species : fusinus ( heilprinia ) caloosaensis heilprin , a . , 1887
» forma fusinus tuberosus f . nigrirostratus ( e . a . smith , 1879 ) accepted as fusinus nigrirostratus ( e . a . smith , 1879 )
to biodiversity heritage library ( 4 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 4 publications ) ( from synonym murex fortis risso , 1826 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 78 publications ) ( from synonym fusus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) to clemam ( from synonym murex fortis risso , 1826 ) to clemam to clemam ( from synonym aptysis syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) to clemam ( from synonym aptysis syracusanus var . fasciolarioides monterosato , 1884 ) to encyclopedia of life to mnhn molluscs type collection ( 2000 - 6746 ) ( from synonym murex fortis risso , 1826 ) to pesi ( from synonym aptysis syracusanus var . fasciolarioides monterosato , 1884 ) to pesi ( from synonym aptysis syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) to pesi to pesi ( from synonym murex fortis risso , 1826 )
fusinus undatus ( gmelin , j . f . , 1791 ) by rick garcia
species fusinus colombiensis m . a . snyder & n . c . snyder , 1999
species fusinus zacae a . m . strong & j . g . hertlein , 1937
species fusinus altus p . marshall , 1919 † accepted as falsicolus alta ( p . marshall , 1919 ) †
species fusinus corrugatus p . marshall , 1918 † accepted as lepidocolus corrugata ( p . marshall , 1918 ) †
species fusinus monksae dall , 1915 accepted as fusinus robustus ( trask , 1855 ) ( unnecessary nom . nov . for fusus robustus trask , 1855 , by dall believed to be preoccupied by f . robustus beyrich , 1856 . )
species fusinus orcutti dall , 1915 accepted as trachypollia lugubris ( c . b . adams , 1852 ) ( synonym )
species fusinus valdiviae hadorn & fraussen , 1999 accepted as chryseofusus graciliformis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1880 )
» species fusinus ( chryseofusus ) hyphalus m . smith , 1940 accepted as chryseofusus hyphalus ( m . smith , 1940 )
species fusinus hyphalus m . smith , 1940 accepted as chryseofusus hyphalus ( m . smith , 1940 ) ( original combination )
this fusinus - possibly colus - possibly the tuberculatus from lamarck was growing inside the shell a steel rope from a fishingline .
found at scott creek , santa cruz co . , ca ; 10 dec 2008 ; 17mm total length . formerly fusinus luteopictus .
( of fusus syracusanus var . umbilicata coen , 1922 ) coen , g . ( 1922 ) . su talune interessanti forme di conchiglie . rivista italiana di paleontologia , parma . 28 : ( 1–2 ) : 21–24 , pl . 2 . [ details ]
species fusinus niponicus ( e . a . smith , 1879 ) accepted as granulifusus niponicus ( e . a . smith , 1879 )
( of fusus syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) snyder m . a . ( 2003 ) . catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences . of philadelphia , special publication . 21iii + 1–431 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
buzzurro g . & russo p . ( 2007 ) . fusinus del mediterraneo . published by the authors , 280 p . [ details ]
( of aptysis syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) monterosato t . a . ( di ) ( 1884 ) . nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee . palermo , virzi , 152 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 116 [ details ]
( of aptysis syracusanus var . fasciolarioides monterosato , 1884 ) monterosato t . a . ( di ) ( 1884 ) . nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee . palermo , virzi , 152 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 117 [ details ]
( of latirus ( aptyxis ) syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) snyder m . a . ( 2003 ) . catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences . of philadelphia , special publication . 21iii + 1–431 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
species fusinus felipensis h . n . lowe , 1935 accepted as hesperaptyxis felipensis ( h . n . lowe , 1935 ) ( original combination )
species fusinus fredbakeri h . n . lowe , 1935 accepted as hesperaptyxis fredbakeri ( h . n . lowe , 1935 ) ( original combination )
species fusinus graciliformis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1880 ) accepted as chryseofusus graciliformis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1880 )
species fusinus maorium p . marshall & murdoch , 1919 † accepted as coluzea maoria ( p . marshall & r . murdoch , 1919 ) †
species fusinus rubrolineatus ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1870 ) accepted as granulifusus rubrolineatus ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1870 )
» species fusinus ( chryseofusus ) graciliformis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1880 ) accepted as chryseofusus graciliformis ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1880 )
long - tailed spindle ( caparts spindle shell ) ( fusinus longicaudus ) . there are over 50 species of these gastropods which grow to 5 - 1 / 2 inches and are found in japan .
iczn 1993 . opinion 1765 . fusus helbling , 1779 ( mollusca , gastropoda ) : suppressed , and fusinus rafinesque , 1815 and colubraria schumacher , 1817 : conserved . bulletin of zoological nomenclature , 51 ( 2 ) : 159 - 161 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of propefusus iredale , 1924 ) callomon p . & snyder m . a . ( 2008 ) . on the genus fusinus in japan iv : f . longissimus ( gmelin , 1791 ) and two new species . venus , 67 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 13 [ details ]
( of fusus bruguière , 1789 ) iczn 1993 . opinion 1765 . fusus helbling , 1779 ( mollusca , gastropoda ) : suppressed , and fusinus rafinesque , 1815 and colubraria schumacher , 1817 : conserved . bulletin of zoological nomenclature , 51 ( 2 ) : 159 - 161 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of latirus ( aptyxis ) syracusanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) troschel f . h . ( 1856 - 1893 ) . das gebiss der schnecken zur begründung einer natürlichen classification . nicolaische verlagsbuchhandlung , berlin . vol . 1 : i - viii , 1 - 252 pls 1 - 20 [ 1856 - 63 ] . vol . 2 : i - ix , 1 - 246 , 247 - 409 [ continued by thiele ] pls 1 - 32 [ 1866 - 1893 ] [ for dates of publication , see robertson , 1957 : nautilus 70 ( 4 ) : 136 - 138 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 64 [ details ]
distribution worldwide : only known from the gulf of suez and gulf of aqaba , red sea ; extremely common in the suez canal ( tillier and bavay , 1905 , as fusus marmoratus ) ; there is a similar species , fusinus australis ( quoy and gaimard , 1839 ) in southern australia , but the large disjunction should suggest that it should be different . mediterranean : recorded first from port said , egypt , as fusus marmoratus ( tillier and bavay , 1905 ) , later from israel ( haas , 1937 ) .
( of murex fortis risso , 1826 ) risso , a . ( 1826 - 1827 ) . histoire naturelle des principales productions de l ' europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de nice et des alpes maritimes . paris , levrault : vol . 1 : xii + 448 pp . , 1 map [ 1826 ] ; vol . 2 : vii + 482 pp . , 8 pls [ november 1827 ] ; vol . 3 : xvi + 480 pp . , 14 pls [ september 1827 ] ; vol . 4 : iv + 439 pp . , 12 pls [ november 1826 ] ; vol . 5 : viii + 400 pp . , 10 pls [ november 1827 ] . . 3 ( xvi ) : 1 - 480 , 14 pls . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of murex fortis risso , 1826 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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g _ fasc _ 014 ( e3 ) . . . a spectacular specimen from 6m deep , under large fallen rock at base of the castle cliff , near the jetty , scilla , calabria , july 1994 . never seen better since my golden one .
fusus bruguière , 1789 ( invalid : junior homonym of fusus helbling , 1779 . see nomenclatural note below . )
taxonomy established as a substitute name for
fusus lamarck
[ = fusus bruguière , 1789 ] , which however is invalid . placed by the . . .
taxonomy established as a substitute name for
fusus lamarck
[ = fusus bruguière , 1789 ] , which however is invalid . placed by the iczn on the official list by opinion 1765 , 1994 , bulletin of zoological nomenclature , 51 ( 2 ) : 159 . [ details ]
( of cyrtulus hinds , 1843 ) hinds r . b . ( 1843 ) . descriptions of new shells from the collection of captain sir edward belcher , r . n . , c . b . annals and magazine of natural history . 11 : 255 - 257 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 256 [ details ]
( of pseudofusus monterosato , 1884 ) monterosato t . a . ( di ) ( 1884 ) . nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee . palermo , virzi , 152 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 117 [ details ]
( of exilifusus gabb , 1876 † ) gabb , w . m . ( 1876 ) notes on american cretaceous fossils , with descriptions of some new species . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , 28 , 276–324 . [ details ]
( of sinistralia h . adams & a . adams , 1853 ) adams h . & adams a . ( 1853 - 1858 ) . the genera of recent mollusca ; arranged according to their organization . london , van voorst . vol . 1 : xl + 484 pp . ; vol . 2 : 661 pp . ; vol . 3 : 138 pls . [ published in parts : vol . 1 : i - xl ( 1858 ) , 1 - 256 ( 1853 ) , 257 - 484 ( 1854 ) . vol . 2 : 1 - 92 ( 1854 ) , 93 - 284 ( 1855 ) , 285 - 412 ( 1856 ) , 413 - 540 ( 1857 ) , 541 - 661 ( 1858 ) . vol . 3 : pl . 1 - 32 ( 1853 ) , 33 - 96 ( 1855 ) , 97 - 112 ( 1856 ) , 113 - 128 ( 1857 ) , 129 - 138 ( 1858 ) ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 79 [ details ]
snyder m . a . ( 2003 ) . catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences . of philadelphia , special publication . 21iii + 1–431 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cyrtulus hinds , 1843 ) couto d . , bouchet p . , kantor yu . i . , simone l . r . l . & giribet g . ( 2016 ) . a multilocus molecular phylogeny of fasciolariidae ( neogastropoda : buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 309 - 322 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of pseudofusus monterosato , 1884 ) crosse h . ( 1885 ) . nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee , pel marchese di monterosato [ book review ] . journal de conchyliologie 33 : 139 - 142 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 141 [ details ]
( of fusus bruguière , 1789 ) snyder m . a . ( 2003 ) . catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences . of philadelphia , special publication . 21iii + 1–431 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of gracilipurpura jousseaume , 1880 ) jousseaume , f . p . ( 1880 ) . division méthodique de la famille des purpuridés . le naturaliste . 2 ( 42 ) : 335 - 338 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of sinistralia h . adams & a . adams , 1853 ) cossmann , m . ( 1901 ) . essais de paléoconchologie comparée . quatrième livraison . paris , the author and société d ' éditions scientifiques . 293 pp . , 10 pls . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 8 [ details ]
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: copyright : all rights reserved . this image is for viewing only and may not be displayed , reproduced in print or online or used in any other manner .
collectet w / tangle net . 30 - 50 meters deep . camotes sea 07 . 04 2004 . philippines
paul ' s hobby is collecting shells . i appreciate his collection but i don ' t
get into
them like he does .
because my hobby is photography and i know my flickr friends would enjoy seeing some of his amazing shells , i ' ve been been encouraging him to take more photos .
but photography isn ' t paul ' s hobby so i decided to take matters into my own hands . he collects shells when he can but most , like this one , are purchased .
click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book .
please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work .
publisher : [ hattiesburg , miss . ? ] : [ american malacological union ]
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1 - drawing : tuvia kurz 2 - photo : s . gofas / coll . g . spada
short description shell spindle shaped , with 7 - 8 whorls , rounded or with a slight to moderate keel . body whorl large , with a long , straight siphonal canal . sculpture of coarse , irregular spiral cords and loose axial folds . aperture ovate , with outer lip simple .
color : whitish with more or less conspicuous axial brown streaks ; the spiral cord running along the keel or mid - whorl usually paler .
1st mediterranean record port said , egypt , 1905 [ no collecting date ] .
importance to humans moazzo ( 1939 ) reported that this species is used as seafood along the suez canal .
: bodenheimer f . s . ( ed . ) prodromus faunae palestinae , essai sur les éléments zoogéographiques et historiques du sud - ouest du sous - règne paléarctique . mémoires présentés à l ' institut d ' egypte , 33 : 275 - 280 .
moazzo p . g . , 1939 . mollusques testacés marins du canal de suez .
tillier l . and bavay a . , 1905 . les mollusques testacés du canal de suez . bulletin de la société zoologique de france , 30 : 170 - 181 .
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placing orders is easy as 1 - 2 - 3 . here ' s how
alabaster white color . taken subtidally . angle of the body whorl varies slightly ; some are rounded ( pictured ) , while some exhibit a slight angulation .
description : with operculum . perfect thickened lip . slight imperfection at extreme anterior end of canal . nuclear whorl missing . two scars on aperture side where the penultimate whorl and the body whorl meet . displays beautifully dorsum up .
description : with operculum . perfect thickened lip . imperfection at extreme anterior end of canal . nuclear whorl tipped . a very shallow scar on aperture side where the penultimate whorl and the body whorl meet .
classic latirus shape . found throughout the west indies , but rarely in south florida .
the true species . very much different than shells from the philippines called l . kandai , which are l . sarinae .
beautiful lavender - purple aperture color . tints of purple on body whorl and spire .
formerly listed here as hemipolygona recurvirostris , which is very similar but that species has a wider umbilicus .
all content on this web site is © 2018 , worldwide specimen shells . all right reserved . no content may be reproduced , or retransmitted without prior written approval from the copyright holder .
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dentifusus rosenberg , g . & g . j . vermeij , 2003 type species : dentifusus deynzeri vermeij , g . j . & g . rosenberg , 2003
microfulgur finlay , h . j . & j . marwick , 1937 type species : microfulgur longirostris marshall , 1937
fasciolaria lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1799 type species : fasciolaria tulipa tulipa linnaeus , c . , 1758
africolaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : africolaria rutila watson , r . b . , 1882
aurantilaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : fasciolaria aurantiaca lesson , r . p . , 1842
australaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : australaria australasia perry , g . , 1811
cinctura hollister , s . c . , 1957 type species : cinctura hunteria hunteria perry , g . , 1811
conradconfusus snyder , m . a . , 2002 type species : conradconfusus parilis conrad , t . a . , 1832
filifusus snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : filifusus filamentosus röding , p . f . , 1798
granolaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : granolaria salmo wood , w . , 1828
kilburnia snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : kilburnia heynemanni dunker , r . w . , 1870
lugubrilaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : lugubrilaria lugubris adams , a . & l . a . reeve in reeve , l . a . , 1847
microcolus cotton , b . c . & f . k . godfrey , 1932 type species : microcolus dunkeri jonas , j . h . , 1844
pleuroploca fischer , 1884 type species : pleuroploca trapezium linnaeus , c . , 1758
pleuroploca ( pleia ) finlay , h . j . , 1930 type species : pleuroploca ( pleia ) decipiens tate , r .
pustulatirus vermeij , g . j . & m . a . snyder , 2006 type species : pustulatirus mediamericanus hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951
tarantinaea monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1917 type species : tarantinaea lignaria linnaeus , c . , 1758
triplofusus olsson , a . a . & a . harbison , 1953 type species : triplofusus giganteus kiener , l . c . , 1840
turrilatirus vermeij , g . j . & m . a . snyder , 2006 type species : turrilatirus turritus gmelin , j . f . , 1791
amiantofusus fraussen , k . , yu . i . kantor & r . hadorn , 2007 type species : amiantofusus amiantus dall , w . h . , 1889
chryseofusus hadorn , r . & k . fraussen , 2003 type species : chryseofusus chrysodomoides schepman , m . m . , 1911
cyrtulus hinds , r . b . , 1843 type species : cyrtulus serotinus hinds , r . b . , 1844
glaphyrina finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : glaphyrina vulpicolor sowerby , g . b . iii , 1880
granulifusus kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1954 type species : granulifusus niponicus niponicus smith , e . a . , 1879
harasewychia petuch , e . j . , 1987 type species : harasewychia harasewychi petuch , e . j . , 1987
harfordia dall , w . h . , 1921 type species : harfordia harfordii stearns , r . e . c . , 1871
marmarofusus snyder , m . a . & w . g . lyons , 2014 type species : marmarofusus nicobaricus röding , p . f . , 1798
ollaphon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : ollaphon molorthus hedley , c . & w . l . may , 1908
sinistralia adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : sinistralia maroccensis gmelin , j . f . , 1791
trophonofusus kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1971 type species : trophonofusus muricatoides yokoyama , m . , 1920
viridifusus snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons type species : viridifusus buxeus reeve , l . a . , 1847
peristernia mörch , o . a . l . , 1852 type species : peristernia nassatula lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
peristernia ( nodopelagia ) hedley , c . , 1915 type species : peristernia ( nodopelagia ) brazieri angas , g . f . , 1877
bullockus lyons , w . g . & m . a . snyder , 2008 type species : unknowngenustype
dolicholatirus bellardi , l . , 1884 type species : dolicholatirus lanceus gmelin , j . f . , 1791
dolicholatirus ( fractolatirus ) iredale , t . , 1936 type species : dolicholatirus ( fractolatirus ) normalis iredale , t . , 1936
hemipolygona rovereto , g . , 1899 type species : hemipolygona armatus adams , a . , 1855
latirolagena harris , g . d . , 1897 type species : latirolagena smaragdula linnaeus , c . , 1758
benimakia habe , t . , 1958 type species : benimakia rhodostomus dunker , r . w . , 1860
latirus montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : latirus aurantiacus montfort , p . d . de , 1810
latirus ( latirulus ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1889 type species : latirus ( latirulus ) subaffinis orbigny , a . v . m . d . d ' , 1850
latirus ( polygona ) schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : latirus ( polygona ) fusiformis schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817
latirus ( pseudolatirus ) bellardi , l . , 1884 type species : latirus ( pseudolatirus ) bilineata hörnes , m . , 1853
crassibougia stahlschmidt , p . & k . fraussen , 2012 type species : niso terebellum dillwyn , l . w . , 1817
cryptofusus beu , a . g . , 2011 type species : cryptofusus cryptocarinatus dell , r . k . , 1956
fusolatirus kuroda , t . & t . habe in kuroda , t . , t . habe & k . oyama , 1971 type species : peristernia pilsbryi kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1952
lamellilatirus lyons , w . g . & m . a . snyder , 2013 type species : lamellilatirus ceramidus dall , w . h . , 1889
leucozonia gray , j . e . , 1847 type species : leucozonia nassa nassa gmelin , j . f . , 1791
lightbournus lyons , w . g . & m . a . snyder , 2008 type species : unknowngenustype
nodolatirus bouchet , ph . & m . a . snyder , 2013 type species : unknowngenustype
opeatostoma berry , s . s . , 1958 type species : opeatostoma pseudodon burrow , e . j . , 1815
taron hutton , f . w . , 1883 type species : taron dubius hutton , f . w . , 1878
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batjakas & economakis ( 2002 ) provide an illustrated selection of the inshore invertebrate fauna of the greek coast , including forty - seven pages on molluscs . there is , however , no indication of the distribution of each species . tenekidis ( 1989 ) may provide more information on the occurrence of species in the aegean but i have not seen this book ( the text of which is presumably in greek ) . another general reference that might be worth consulting is moosleitner & patzner 1995 . in 2012 thanasis manousis published his lavishly illustrated bilingual opus of the sea shells of greece ( available from kyriakidis brothers s . a . ) , although i have not checked this to see how much information is given on the fauna of thásos .
sylvia van leeuwen & bart van tooren of the netherlands visited the island on 3 - 17 may 2004 and recorded 183 different taxa ( listed below ) on the beaches . i have not been able to research this aspect of thásos ' s wildlife yet and hence have no idea how many species one may expect around the shores of the aegean islands , nor if any of these species are of biogeographical interest . however , this list predominately consists of shallow water species and many more will be found in the deeper waters around the coasts of thásos . this page will be updated as and when i manage to trace relevant literature . in the meantime i offer sylvia ' s comments on her experiences of collecting marine mollusca on thásos .
my first impression was that thassos did not have much to offer for shell collectors . the reason is that you will seldom find a good driftline . but with some effort , a large number of species can be found , especially small species . all species mentioned on the list were found dead on the beaches and in the harbours . in early may the water was too cold to go snorkelling , so i do not know if this is worthwhile . by far the best places for shell collecting are trypiti beach ( about 4 km west of limenaria ) and the beach about 1 km west of limenaria , separated by big rocks from trypiti beach . in the lower driftline you can find large numbers of all kinds of small shells . it might be interesting to collect some shellgrit for the micro - species . bigger species , especially bivalves , can be found in the high tide line .
- the beach near cap prinos ( start in the village skala prinos and walk to the south - west around the cape ) . the first part of the beach is covered with a lot of seagrass , look under and between the seagrass for shells . further on there is a sandy beach with a driftline . give particular attention to the few stones and rock - blocks on the beach , in the shadow of these blocks you can find small shells washed in by the sea . - the beach east of potos , where the river empties into the sea .
- the harbour of skala potamias and the corner of the beach immediately next to the harbour .
- the traditional harbour of chrysi ammoudia , especially in the fisherman ' s pots . some shells can be also found at nearby golden beach , especially big bivalves ( acanthocardia and glycymeris ) .
- the small beach in the harbour of thassos town ( it does not seem very exciting , but here i collected shell grit that contained a lot of micro - shells which i did not found in other places ) .
if any visitors to this website can offer additional information on the marine molluscs of thásos i would be very pleased to hear from them .
batjakas , i . e . & economakis , a . e . 2002 . the greek seashore : a field guide to coastal invertebrates . efstathiadis group s . a . , athens . 223 pages .
manousis , t . 2012 . the sea shells of greece . kyriakidis bros . s . a . thessaloniki . 384 pages .
moosleitner , h . & patzner , r . 1995 . unterwasserführer mittelmeer niedere tiere [ underwater guide mediterranean invertebrates ] . delius klasing , edition naglschmid . stuttgart . 214 pages .
tenekidis , n . s . 1989 . mia syllogi koghylion apo tis ellinikes thalasses [ a collection of shells from the greek seas ] . protopapa brothers ltd . greece . 187 pages .


klimeschia afghanica is a moth in the douglasiidae family .

it was described by gaedike in 1974 .

it is found in afghanistan , iran and russia ( tuva ) .

klimeschia afghanica

biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
protonyctia originalis is a moth in the douglasiidae family , and the only species in the genus protonyctia .
tinagma ocnerostomellum , the bugloss spear wing , is a moth in the family douglasiidae .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
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[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
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nomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .
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