the great crested grebe ( podiceps cristatus ) is a member of the grebe family of water birds noted for its elaborate mating display .

the scientific name comes from latin .

podiceps is from podicis , " vent " and pes , " foot " , and is a reference to the placement of a grebe 's legs towards the rear of its body , and the species name , cristatus means " crested " .

great crested grebe

simmons , k . 1954 . the advertising behaviour of the great crested grebe .
simmons , k . 1974 . adaptations in the reproductive biology of the great crested grebe .
year round , though the great crested grebe is found in different habitats in summer and winter .
the great crested grebe ' s beautiful , waterproof plumage attracted the wrong attention in the 19th century .
the great crested grebe feeds on fish , caught by diving in clear water . when diving underwater , this grebe is propelled by its feet alone .
an obsession with the great crested grebe ' s sex life led to a new branch of science - ethology .
hughes , s . 1982 . great crested grebe . pp . 25 - 26 in d davis , ed .
great crested grebe with a very large fish at nwt ranworth on 28 / 05 / 2018 . contributed by : elizabeth dack
great crested grebe with a fairly large fish at strumpshaw fen on 05 / 03 / 2018 . contributed by : elizabeth dack
great crested grebe with a nice catch of the day at fairhaven water gardens on 01 / 05 / 2018 . contributed by : terry postle
great crested grebe on the river wensum on a beautiful morning at strumpshaw fen on 21 / 03 / 2018 . contributed by : elizabeth dack
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crested grebe exhibit a beautiful and intimate courtship dance , mirroring each others movements and offering gifts .
the great crested grebe dives for fish , insects and invertebrate larvae , chasing prey under water by strongly swimming with its feet ( 6 ) .
iolo williams investigates the courtship behaviour of great crested grebes on a reservoir in late march .
the great - crested grebe in winter plumage lacks the ruff and the head is only black and white . the body plumage is duller and greyer .
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arkive , 2013 .
great crested grebe ( podiceps cristatus ) .
( on - line ) . arkive . accessed november 19 , 2013 at urltoken .
great crested grebes are the largest species of grebe and have a distinctive body shape - long slender neck and long low body . the bill is long and dagger -
some fish farmers complain that great crested grebes eat too many fish and cause economic losses . however , a study showed that grebe feeding only affected fish populations marginally .
as familiar as they are today , it should be remembered that great crested grebes are , in some senses , a conservation success story – and i’m sure that when the time comes for the next bto great crested grebe enquiry , we will have no shortage of volunteers .
the following habitats are found across the great crested grebe distribution range . find out more about these environments , what it takes to live there and what else inhabits them .
australasian crested grebe . adult . lake dunstan , central otago , january 2010 . image © craig mckenzie by craig mckenzie
favouring large deep open bodies of freshwater , the great crested grebe is most commonly found inhabiting rivers , lagoons , lakes , swamps , reservoirs , saltfields , estuaries and bays .
calls of the great crested grebe are described as a guttural ' karr - arr ' , a shrill ' er - wick ' , as well as trumpeting , moaning and whirring noises .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto the great - crested grebe gives barking calls “rah - rah - rah” , also a clicking “kek” and a low growling “gorr” . chicks give loud whistles calls .
great crested grebes can be seen in lowland lakes , gravel pits , reservoirs and rivers . also found along coasts in winter .
the great crested grebe is threatened by a reduction of breeding habitat ( natural freshwater wetlands ) through altered drainage , increased salinity , clearing , grazing , altered fire regimes and the extraction of ground - water .
in summer the great crested grebe is one of the most unmistakable birds in norfolk and is characteristic of the norfolk broads . in winter it takes on less dramatic plumage and may often be seen on the sea where it might be confused with the similar , though much rarer , red - necked grebe .
sagar , p . m . 1981 . the distribution and numbers of crested grebe in new zealand 1980 . notornis . 28 : 301 - 310 .
the great crested grebe has a wide distribution in britain , but occurs sparsely ( 3 ) . breeding occurs in europe from britain , spain and ireland across to russia , but the distribution is rather patchy ( 3 ) .
hunting , which drove great crested grebes to the verge of extinction , has happily now been made illegal . the best way to help great crested grebes , and many other wetland creatures , is to support the conservation organisations which protect the broads , lakes and rivers where they live and breed .
the great crested grebe ( podiceps cristatus ) is the largest grebe in europe ( 2 ) . it is a graceful bird , with its long neck , long bill and slender outline . in summer , the adults of both sexes are adorned with beautiful head - plumes ( 2 ) , which are reddish - orange in colour with black tips ( 5 ) ; there is also an erectile black crown ( 2 ) . the sexes are similar in appearance , but great crested grebe juveniles can be distinguished by the possession of blackish stripes on the cheeks ( 2 ) .
the great crested grebe can be found in a number of locations including : asia , australia , china , europe , indian subcontinent , mediterranean , russia , united kingdom , wales . find out more about these places and what else lives there .
the great crested grebe enquiry in 1931 was one of the earliest national censuses of a single species , promoted in the times , and attracting more than a thousand volunteer surveyors . around a thousand water bodies were covered , and the results of the enquiry , published in british birds , concluded that the breeding population of great crested grebes in england , scotland and wales was around 1 , 200 pairs .
o ' donnell , c . f . j . 1981 . head plumage variation and winter plumage of the southern crested grebe . notornis 28 : 212 - 213 .
it’s a late february morning at virginia water in windsor great park , berkshire . floating on the wide , open lake are several great crested grebes , showing off their black and chestnut head plumes and apparently doing little more than treading water .
happily , the great crested grebe is green - listed in the uk , meaning it is a species of least concern . its population has recovered impressively since victorian times when the species was persecuted to the edge of national extinction for its feathers and skin .
habitat : the great - crested grebe breeds in fresh or brackish water bordered with vegetation , and some areas of open waters for foraging . this species also frequents artificial water bodies and pools , or backwaters of slow - flowing rivers and gravel - pits .
and monaghan and there are 13 sites that regularly support nationally important numbers of great crested grebes over the winter . eight sites holding the largest concentrations are belfast lough (
the great crested grebe is a medium to large aquatic bird , and is the largest of the grebes . it has a long neck and head with a distinctive black double crest . the great crested grebe has dark brown wings , satin white underparts , a black crown , dark olive - green feet and , during flight , prominent white patches are visible on its wings . this grebe has a white face with a red eye , and a black line from the base of the bill to the eye . the adult female is slightly smaller than the adult male . juveniles have a striped black and white head and neck .
o ' donnell , c . f . j . 1982 . food and feeding behaviour of the southern crested grebe on the ashburton lakes . notornis 29 : 151 - 156 .
the attractive great crested grebe was persecuted in britain during victorian times to such an extent that it was reduced to just 42 pairs in 1860 ( 9 ) , and was on the brink of extinction ( 10 ) . the breast plumage , known as ' grebe fur ' , and the head plumes were highly prized in hat trimmings and other clothing ( 9 ) .
is the building of nests that are fully or partially suspended in water , which protects the eggs from any terrestrial predators . there is no information in the literature about specific predators of juvenile or adult great crested grebes . however , chicks of another grebe species , western grebes (
o’donnell , c . f . j . 2013 [ updated 2017 ] . australasian crested grebe . in miskelly , c . m . ( ed . ) new zealand birds online . urltoken
the great crested grebe is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) . receives general protection under the wildlife and countryside act 1981 ( 3 ) . included in the birds of conservation concern green list ( low conservation concern ) ( 4 ) .
pairs of great crested grebes perform elaborate courtship displays , shaking their heads , dipping their necks , and rising out of the water with beakfuls of weed in the famous ‘weed dance’ .
sagar , p . m . ; o ' donnell , c . f . j . 1982 . seasonal movements and population of the southern crested grebe in canterbury . notornis 29 : 143 - 149 .
in britain , the great crested grebe breeds in large shallow water bodies , where there is a fringe of vegetation ( 3 ) . in winter it can also be found in gravel - pits , estuaries , deep lakes , coastal pools , reservoirs and off the coast in inshore waters ( 6 ) .
diet : the great - crested grebe feeds mainly on fish of various sizes and species , and even small eels . it also takes numerous insects’ species , aquatic invertebrates , crustaceans ( crayfish and shrimps ) , molluscs ( snails ) and amphibians’ adults and larvae . it may consume some plant matter too .
the diet of great crested grebes consists mainly of large fish , but also includes insects , crustaceans , molluscs , adult and larval amphibians , and invertebrate larvae . their favored foods include roach (
the great crested grebe has been recorded in all australian states and territories . it is found in coastal queensland , throughout new south wales , coastal south australia , coastal and south - west western australia , and the northern territory . this species is distributed thoughout europe , africa and asia to australasia , but not new guinea .
jensen , l . a . ; snoyink , r . j . 2005 . the distribution and numbers of australasian crested grebe ( kamana ) in new zealand , january 2004 . notornis . 52 : 34 - 42 .
flight : usually , in the face of any danger , the great - crested grebe prefers to dive and swim rather than fly because it needs to run a long way along the water before to take off , while performing rapid wing - beats as it does in flight . this species performs up to six beats per second .
protection / threats / status : the great - crested grebe is widespread , but several declines were observed in europe during the 19th century , due to hunting pressure for feather’s illegal trade . but populations seem to recover good numbers . this species is able to adapt to man - made wetlands , producing increase of populations in several parts of the range . the african race “infuscatus” is locally common . the australasian race “australis” is uncommon but stable in australia . declines occurred in new zealand with arrival of europeans and the species is now threatened , unable to recover from effects of past persecution . but recent observations suggest some stability of the populations . currently , the great - crested grebe is not threatened .
adapted for an aquatic lifestyle , great crested grebes struggle to get airborne and require a long run - up , something that sees them avoid our smaller lakes and ponds . yet , when on the water , they are graceful - looking birds , whose ornate plumage and stunning courtship displays make them a firm favourite with birdwatchers . great crested grebes are capable of substantial migratory movements , which see individuals from elsewhere in europe arrive to winter around our shores .
did you know ? grebes , including great crested grebes , ingest their own feathers and feed feathers to their chicks . this is believed to help pellet formation . recent genetic studies indicate that grebes may be most closely related to flamingos .
in summer the norfolk broads are best for seeing this beautiful bird , though it may also be seen on gravel pits and along rivers . nwt ranworth broad , nwt barton broad and nwt hickling broad are all excellent sites for seeing it . in winter the great crested grebe may be seen just offshore all along our coast . good sites include nwt cley marshes and walcott .
the australasian crested grebe is majestic and distinctive diving bird that is usually seen on the southern lakes of new zealand where it breeds . it has a slender neck , sharp black bill and head with a distinctive black double crest and bright chestnut and black cheek frills , which it uses in its complex and bizarre mating displays . it is unusual for the way it carries its young on its back when swimming . the crested grebe belongs to an ancient order of diving water birds found on every continent in the world . they are rarely seen on land except when they clamber onto their nests on the lake shore . the australasian crested grebe occurs in new zealand and australia but it is threatened in both countries and the new zealand population probably numbers fewer than 1000 birds .
similar species : the other new zealand grebes ( dabchick , australasian little grebe and hoary - headed grebe ) are all very small in comparison and lack the head crests and tippets . at a distance could be confused with black or little shags , which have a similar silhouette and diving behaviour .
) , which prey on eggs . when the nest is disturbed , the parent covers the eggs , dives into the water , and resurfaces in a location farther away from the nest . another anti - predator behavior that great crested grebes share with all
there are no data on the average lifespan or longevity of great crested grebes . the oldest known bird was at least 11 years , 10 months , and 5 days old . it was banded as an adult in britain and found again shortly after death .
winter distribution is widespread with greatest concentration in the north midlands and northeast and birds from the continent join the resident population . outside the breeding season great crested grebes are often solitary with some birds moving to the coast through the winter . occasionally , large congregations form for
reproduction : breeding season occurs mainly in april - june in europe . in africa , all months are used or after long rains . in australasia , peak laying occurs between november and march . the great - crested grebe usually nests solitary , dispersed or in loose colony . this species builds the nest in a platform of aquatic plants , usually floating and anchored to the vegetation or built from aquatic weeds of the bottom of the lake .
when the grebe resurfaces , it’s within the personal space of the other bird and its intent is now clear . the grebe rears up out of the water almost to its belly , yet with its neck arched down , holding this posture – known as the ghostly penguin display – for a few moments . it has declared itself .
) . great crested grebes catch their prey by diving under the surface of the water . they forage the most during dawn and dusk , possibly because this is when their prey are closest to the surface . this makes the fish easier to detect visually and also reduces diving distance .
the great - crested grebe performs dispersions and migrations , mainly in the northern parts of the range . they perform some movements on large lakes and reservoirs to moult , but some of them moult in the breeding waters . after moulting , they move to coasts where they can be seen in large flocks . there is no true migration in africa where dispersions occur according to the rains . in new zealand , we can observe local post - breeding dispersions .
behaviour : the great - crested grebe feeds primarily on fish of variable sizes , and of several species . it also takes numerous insects and aquatic invertebrates , especially in spring , and amphibians’ adults and larvae . it forages by diving , often pursuing the prey underwater . it may disappear during 18 to 25 seconds in areas of open water with some vegetation . it also may feed from the surface by submerging only the head , or by picking insects from vegetation .
age of first breeding : 2 years . great crested grebes breed on large , shallow eutrophic loughs , and along canals and slow flowing rivers – wetlands with emergent vegetation bordered by open water are generally selected . nests are a large mound of aquatic vegetation and are usually well concealed within reeds .
the great crested grebe is monogamous , and pair - bonds are maintained throughout the year . the nest is constructed from a mass of dead water - plants , weeds and mud , usually attached to reeds , fallen or drooping brances or a submerged stump , and is found on or near the vegetated margins of large open waters , among reeds , water ribbons triglochin sp . , gahnia tussocks and melaleuca thickets . both parents incubate the eggs and tend to the young .
adult great crested grebes are well known for their elaborate courtship behaviour that incudes head shaking , ritualised preening and a weed carrying display . i have done a bit of research and haven ' t come across any references to young great crested grebes exhibiting this behaviour and at such an early age . at this stage i don ' t know if this is a unique observation but if it is not it is likely to be something that has been rarely observed or documented . i will do a bit more digging but if it is previously unrecorded behaviour you read it and saw it here first .
by 1975 there were thought to be around 3 , 500 pairs , an increase that can be attributed to the cessation of persecution , and a huge increase in the numbers of flooded gravel pits due to the demands of the construction industry . great crested grebe populations are now monitored via the annual breeding bird survey , which shows that numbers are still increasing – by 28 % since the start of the survey in 1994 , and by 8 % just between 2007 and 2008 .
i was out with the camera and dog this afternoon and sat down by the lake in the park on my way back . i had been watching the canada geese with their goslings when my attention was drawn to the great crested grebe chicks . two of the young were facing each other and mirroring each others movements in the head shaking and ritualised preening display . this went on for several minutes and it was clear they were practicing the courtship behaviour that they will need in later life .
the great crested grebe is a delightfully elegant waterbird with ornate head plumes which led to its being hunted for its feathers , almost leading to its extermination from the uk . they dive to feed and also to escape , preferring this to flying . on land they are clumsy because their feet are placed so far back on their bodies . they have an elaborate courtship display in which they rise out of the water and shake their heads . very young grebes often ride on their parents ' backs .
in breeding plumage great crested grebes are unmistakable . they have rounded bodies which sit low in the water and very long necks which are generally held upright . they have a dark back and a dark stripe down the back of their necks . their flanks are chestnut and their breasts and throats are white . their heads are extravagantly decorated with two black crests and cheek - ruffs of chestnut and black . in winter great crested grebes lose their chestnut colours and appear black and white . they can be distinguished from rarer red - necked grebes , which sometime occur on the sea beside them , by their larger size and much longer necks .
in modern times we tend to look to habitat degradation , or climate effects , to explain declines in bird numbers , but back then human effects on bird populations could be much more direct . great crested grebes were slaughtered on an industrial scale in the latter half of the nineteenth century , to feed the demands of fashion .
great crested grebes were hunted for food in new zealand . their breast plumage and head plumes were also used for decoration on clothing during victorian times in britain . this , however , greatly threatened the species and a group of women formed the ‘fur , fin and feather folk’ in 1889 who were against killing birds for clothing .
llimona , f . , del hoyo , j . , christie , d . a . , jutglar , f . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . great crested grebe ( podiceps cristatus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
o ' donnell , c . f . j . 1988 . southern crested grebes on a lowland coastal lake in winter . notornis 35 : 75 - 76 .
much of the great crested grebe’s courtship display is centred on strengthening the pair bond , and a number of distinct behaviours are recognised . the head - shaking display is probably the most familiar ; in this , the head plumage is fanned into a ruff before the birds then face each other and shake their heads from side to side . the display is seen predominantly during the early stages of courtship and is usually performed when the pair is reunited after a period of separation , suggesting that it is used as a greeting and for reinforcement .
the great crested grebe is something of a conservation success story . up until about 1850 the species was distributed across much of central and eastern england but the latter half of the 19 th century saw the breeding population reduced to as few as 32 pairs . the reason for this dramatic change in fortunes was the great exhibition , at which the furriers robert clarke & sons exhibited the pelts of four birds in full breeding plumage . this led to the development of a trade in which the pelts were used as a substitute for animal furs in boas and muffs ; the feathers were also used in the millinery trade . successful campaigns against these trades led to a succession of bird protection acts that ultimately saw the population recover . while a grebe in full breeding plumage is fairly easy to identify , identification of birds in their winter plumage can be more difficult . the bto video guide to winter - plumage grebes provides some helpful tips .
o’donnell , c . ; fjeldsa , j . 1997 . grebes . status survey and conservation action plan . iucn / ssc grebe specialist group , iucn , gland , switzerland & cambridge . 59 pp .
there are now thought to be around 12 , 000 pairs breeding in the uk , and this population estimate will be updated when the bto’s forthcoming bird atlas 2007 - 11 is published . any records of great crested grebes would be of use to the atlas , particularly those where the birds can be confirmed as breeding – which , for this species , can be very easy !
great crested grebes were historically hunted for food in new zealand and for plumage in britain . they are no longer threatened by hunting , but may be threatened by human impacts including modification of lakes , urban development , introduced competitors , introduced predators , fishing nets , oil spills , and avian influenza . however , they currently have a conservation status of least concern according to the iucn .
the fine chestnut head plumes were used to decorate hats and other accessories , and their densely feathered skins were used in the clothing industry as ‘grebe fur’ . the eggs were also taken , as food and for sale to collectors .
o ' donnel , c . , j . fjeldsa . 1997 .
grebes - status survey and conservation action plan . iucn / ssc grebe specialist group
( on - line pdf ) . accessed november 19 , 2013 at urltoken .
nature picture library 5a great george street bristol bs1 5rr united kingdom tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 911 4675 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 911 4699 info @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken
great crested grebes can be found in a variety of aquatic habitats , including lakes , artificial bodies of water , slow flowing rivers , swamps , bays , and lagoons . breeding habitats consist of shallow open bodies of fresh or brackish water . there must also be vegetation on the banks and in the water in order to provide suitable locations for nests . in the winter , individuals from some populations migrate to bodies of water that are located in mild climates .
great crested grebes are the largest grebes in europe , with a range spanning from britain to russia . once persecuted for their feathers , their population was devastated during the victorian period . following excellent conservation measures , numbers have since greatly increased . these grebes are well known for their elaborate courtship displays where pairs raise and shake their heads and approach each other with weed in their bills . after hatching , the stripy chicks are carried around on the backs of their parents .
great crested grebes are residents of western europe , britain , and ireland , parts of southern and eastern africa , australia , and new zealand . breeding populations are found from eastern europe through southern russia and to mongolia . after migration , wintering populations can be found on the coastal waters of europe , southern africa , and australia , as well as in bodies of water throughout southern asia . the estimated global population is 920 , 000 to 1 , 400 , 000 .
foitheach mór satin bird the feathers of great created grebes were once prized fashion accessories giving rise to the name satin bird and it was hunted close to extinction . fortunately this species has made a good recovery and it is no longer considered a rare breeding species .
like . compared to other grebes they are more extensively pale . during the breeding season the black head plumes and chestnut tippets of adult birds are unmistakable . non - breeding adults and juveniles lack the full crest and tippets , and have a dark crown bordered by a white face ( fore - supercilium ) , the white extends down the fore - neck and chest . great crested grebes are not shy and spend much of their time on open water and during the breeding season birds display elaborate courtship rituals
the reaction of the other grebe is crucial . if it performs the cat display by half - opening its wings and ruffling its feathers , extending the frills on its cheeks , much of the tension will be defused . now , at last , the male and female have established a partnership . they’re ready to dance .
the proceedings begin with one bird sending out its braying advertising call and looking around for an answer . it receives a reply in kind from not far across the lake . tension fills the air – the first grebe is nervous . it may have already had a serious rebuff this morning and lost a few feathers for its trouble .
the great - crested grebes have spectacular courtship displays . both mates are facing each other with raised head feathers , making the colours very conspicuous during the displays . we can observe several phases . actually , there are five series of ritual displays . they start with advertising calls by one of both mates . displays take place on the water , at least the first phases . the typical display is the “head - shaking ceremony” which is an introduction to other more spectacular . both birds face each other with necks erect and they shake their heads up and down and from side to side . this display is silent .
great crested grebes are the largest grebes in europe . the plumage on the back and sides is mottled brown . the back of the neck is dark brown and the front of the neck and underside are white . they have long necks and reddish - orange plumes with black tips on their heads . these plumes are only present during the breeding season , they start to develop in the winter and are fully developed by spring . they also have erectile black crests on the crown of the head that are present year round . they have short tails and legs set far back for efficient swimming and diving . males and females look similar and juvenile birds have black stripes on their cheeks .
crested grebes occur throughout europe and central asia , africa , southern australia and new zealand . they also winter in parts of southern asia . in new zealand , crested grebes occur widely in the south island but are extinct in the north island ( although occasional birds are seen there ) . they occur on up to 100 lakes from small tarns to large glacial lakes , with their strong holds in the canterbury and otago high country . they are rarer and have declined significantly in nelson , marlborough , west coast and fiordland , but have recently began nesting on the coast in canterbury , where their numbers are increasing . they forage in a variety of shallow lakes , but require lakes fringed with rushes , sedges , reeds or willows to nest .
the two grebes start floating inexorably towards each other , but giving the impression of doing nothing special at all , like spy - movie protagonists heading for a clandestine meeting . then , one bird will break cover and dive . hardly new ground for a grebe , you might think , but this is a ripple dive – not a deep , fish - chasing dive , but a way of approaching almost unseen , its advance given away only by the merest ruffle on the glassy water .
some crested grebes migrate locally in winter , moving from small lakes when they freeze to larger ones or moving from the high country to coastal canterbury . they are renown for their highly ritualised courtship displays such as head shaking that shows their head crests off well , the ‘weed dance’ where they dive and offer each other water weed , the ‘ghostly penguin’ where they rise chest to chest while ‘walking’ on water and the growling ‘cat display’ .
and now comes the act you’ve been waiting for – the famous water ballet . first , the grebes face each other , shaking their heads from side to side ( a human ‘no’ is a grebe’s definitive ‘yes’ ) . with utter elegance , they occasionally turn around to flick their back feathers with their bills . this is called bob - preening , yet has the grace of the best curtsey . the head - shaking ceremony that follows is the birds’ tango – all intimate and sultry – and leads to the climax of the show : the weed or penguin dance .
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cramp , s . and simmons , k . e . l . ( eds ) . 1977 - 1994 . handbook of the birds of europe , the middle east and africa . the birds of the western palearctic . oxford university press , oxford .
ashpole , j , butchart , s . , calvert , r . , ekstrom , j . , malpas , l .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the species is found across most of europe and central asia , though it also winters in parts of southern asia ( e . g . northern india ) . colonies can also be found scattered through africa , from tunisia and egypt in the north , through a few scattered colonies in central africa to south africa . nesting colonies are also found in southern australia and new zealand , with individuals wintering in eastern and northern australia ( del hoyo et al . 1992 ) .
the global population is estimated to number c . 915 , 000 - 1 , 400 , 000 individuals ( wetlands international 2015 ) . the european population is estimated at 330 , 000 - 498 , 000 pairs , which equates to 660 , 000 - 997 , 000 mature individuals ( birdlife international 2015 ) . trend justification : the overall population trend is uncertain , as some populations are decreasing , while others are increasing or have unknown trends ( wetlands international 2015 ) . in europe the population is estimated to be declining moderately rapidly ( birdlife international 2015 , ebcc 2015 ) .
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you can view distribution information for this species at the national biodiversity network atlas .
there may be further information about this species available via the national biodiversity network atlas .
incubate to keep eggs warm so that development is possible . incubation the act of incubating eggs , that is , keeping them warm so that development is possible . invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) , echinoderms , and others . larvae stage in an animal’s lifecycle after it hatches from the egg . larvae are typically very different in appearance to adults ; they are able to feed and move around but usually are unable to reproduce .
mullarney , k . , svensson , l . , zetterstrom , d . , & grant , p . j . ( 1999 ) collins bird guide . harpercollins publishers ltd , london .
gooders , j . ( 1982 ) collins british birds . william collins sons and co ltd , london .
lack , p . ( 1986 ) the atlas of wintering birds in britain and ireland . t . & a . d . poyser ltd , calton .
walters , m . ( 1994 ) eyewitness handbooks : birds eggs . dorling kindersley , london .
greenoak , f . ( 1979 ) all the birds of the air . book club associates , london .
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visitors to manchester city centre have just two weeks left to get up close to the cities’ popular pair of peregrine falcons .
the rspb wants to bring back the colour to the roadsides of east riding by returning verges to their former glory .
find out how you can help the birds in your garden in this summer heat .
a small , dark goose - the same size as a mallard . it has a black head and neck and grey - brown back .
a nocturnal bird that can be seen hawking for food at dusk and dawn .
male ring ouzels are particularly distinctive with their black plumage with a pale wing panel and striking white breast band .
there ' s so much to see and hear at minsmere , from rare birds and otters to stunning woodland and coastal scenery .
this is a delightful oak woodland to walk through – especially in spring and early summer .
nature is an adventure waiting to be had . get out , get busy and get wild !
explore the little pools of amazing sea life that are left by the tide on the rocks around our coast .
this bird species has different identifying features depending on sex / age / season .
* this map is intended as a guide . it shows general distribution rather than detailed , localised populations .
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breeding populations of long - distance , trans - saharan migrant birds have declined sharply since the 1970s .
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this handsome bird is a familiar enough sight on many of our waterbodies , most often associated with large and shallow lakes during the breeding season but with birds also using our coastal waters during winter .
registered charity number 216652 ( england & wales ) , sc039193 ( scotland ) .
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conservation concern : amber - listed in ireland due to the localised wintering population ( < 10 sites ) . the european population is regarded as secure .
highly vocal giving loud far - carrying calls - mostly harsh , nasal , open - throated or guttural .
( co . louth ) , carlingford lough ( co . down ) , lough swilly ( co . donegal ) , upper lough erne ( co . fermanagh ) ,
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grebes are expert divers , and usually dive rather than fly to escape danger .
medium to large ( 45 cm to 60 cm e . g . raven )
handbook of australian , new zealand and antarctic birds . vol . 1 . part b .
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norfolk is blessed with a rich and varied wildlife heritage including ancient woodland , sandy brecks and stunning north coast . . .
the planning process has an important part to play in safeguarding the future of our wildlife and the environments they inhabit .
fortunately , and partly as a result of these kind of devastating declines , this period saw the birth of the modern conservation movement , and laws were passed to safeguard waterbird populations from hunting .
by the 1930s , seventy years later , wild birds were no longer generally seen as resources to be exploited , and the days of mass - participation volunteer bird surveys had arrived .
the paperwork from the 1931 survey is preserved in the bto archives , together with records from subsequent surveys in 1946 , 1965 and 1975 , the results of which were published in the bto journal bird study .
the nests are obvious platforms of weed , and when the chicks have hatched they can be seen riding around on the backs of the parents , with tiny black - and - white striped heads peering out between the feathers ( i’ve yet to meet anybody who doesn’t go ‘ahhh’ when they see this ) . interestingly , the parent birds can sometimes be seen feeding feathers to their young at this stage – this is thought to help them form pellets so they can regurgitate indigestible food items .
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geographical variation : three subspecies , australis in australia and new zealand , cristatus in the palearctic and infuscatus in africa .
voice : a range of loud growling , grunting and barking calls that travel far across water .
the new zealand population is currently increasing after reaching a low of about 200 birds in the 1980s . the population increased to about 400 birds in 2004 and 600 birds in 2012 , largely reflecting increases in numbers on high country lakes in otago and the mackenzie basin and coastal canterbury . while there has been no recent census , numbers in otago alone now exceed 600 birds . the combined population in australia and new zealand is likely to be less than 3000 birds .
nesting occurs between september and march . the nest is generally made of sticks and waterweeds and floats on the water , but is often attached to willow branches or reeds . the female lays 5 - 7 eggs that are covered with weed when not being incubated . both sexes incubate and they both care for the young , which are often carried on the back when small .
marchant , s . ; higgins , p . j . ( eds ) 1990 . handbook of australian , new zealand and antarctic birds . vol . 1 : ratites to ducks . oxford university press : melbourne .
a relatively large diving bird with slender neck , sharp black bill and a head with a distinctive black double crest and bright chestnut and black cheek frills . it carries its young on its back when swimming .
combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : podiceps cristatus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
parents both incubate eggs and brood and care for their young . once the chicks leave the nest , the parents take turns carrying young on their back out into the water for up to 3 weeks . the parents still guard the chicks in the 4th week . after the chicks get bigger , the brood divides , and the male and female both choose chicks , which they solely feed and look after . this forms two family sub - groups , which no longer associate and are sometime hostile toward each other . within the sub - group , there is one chick favored by the parent , who gets fed more often . the chicks stay with their parents for 11 to 16 weeks .
( berkhoudt , 1985 ; clowater , 1993 ; huxley , 1968 ; piersma , et al . , 1988 )
( birdlife international , 2013 ; piersma , et al . , 1988 ; simmons , 1974 )
parents perform an interesting egg - covering behavior in which they cover the eggs with nest material before leaving the nest . this behavior has been found to effectively protect against their main predators , eurasian coots (
) . to avoid juvenile predation , adults carry chicks on their backs for up to 3 weeks after hatching .
) , insects , crustaceans , molluscs , adult and larval amphibians , and invertebrate larvae .
sydney hope ( author ) , the college of new jersey , keith pecor ( editor ) , the college of new jersey , tanya dewey ( editor ) , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in australia , new zealand , tasmania , new guinea and associated islands .
living in sub - saharan africa ( south of 30 degrees north ) and madagascar .
living in the northern part of the old world . in otherwords , europe and asia and northern africa .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
an area where a freshwater river meets the ocean and tidal influences result in fluctuations in salinity .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .


the wingspan is 15-17 mm .

odites homocirrha

this is the place for homocirrha definition . you find here homocirrha meaning , synonyms of homocirrha and images for homocirrha copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word homocirrha . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word homocirrha and , of course , homocirrha synonyms and on the right images related to the word homocirrha .
odites homocirrha is a moth in the depressariidae family . it was described by alexey diakonoff in 1968 . it is found on luzon in the philippines .
odites homocirrha is a moth in the depressariidae family . it was described by alexey diakonoff in 1968 . it is found on luzon in the philippines . [ 1 ]
odites homocirrha diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 124 ; tl : luzon , benguet , klondyke , 800m
odites anasticta meyrick , 1930 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 18
odites anisocarpa meyrick , 1930 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 17
odites circiformis meyrick , 1930 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 18
odites crossophanta meyrick , 1930 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 17
odites hemigyna meyrick , 1930 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 18
odites semisepta meyrick , 1930 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 18
odites siccinervis meyrick , 1930 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 17
odites exterrita meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 152
odites malagasiella viette , 1967 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 72 : 294
odites metascia meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 151
odites repetita meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 8 - 9 ) : 286
odites walsingham , 1891
at markku savela ' s lepidoptera and some other life forms .
odites citromela meyrick , 1923 ; bull . mus . hist . nat . paris 29 : 564
odites perfusella viette , 1958 ; rev . franc . ent . 25 ( 2 ) : 118
odites tinactella viette , 1958 ; rev . franc . ent . 25 ( 2 ) : 116
odites armilligera meyrick , 1922 ; ent . mitt . 11 ( 2 ) : 45 ; tl : amani
odites concava meyrick , 1922 ; zool . meded . leiden 7 : 88 ; tl : java , batavia
odites praefixa meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 174 ; tl : java , batavia
odites arenella legrand , 1965 ; mém . mus . hist . nat . paris ( a ) 37 : 54
odites atomosperma meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 13 - 14 ) : 433 ; tl : madagascar
odites consecrata meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 57 ; tl : madagascar , antananarivo
odites lioxesta meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 13 - 14 ) : 434 ; tl : madagascar
odites ochrodryas meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 13 - 14 ) : 434 ; tl : madagascar
odites thesmia meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 57 ; tl : madagascar , antananarivo
odites balsamias meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 75 ; tl : moorddrift
odites cataxantha meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 379 ; tl : madagascar , antananarivo
odites collega meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 364 ; tl : china , mokanshan
odites diacentra meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 174 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft
odites fotsyella viette , 1972 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 77 ( 9 - 10 ) : 284
odites haplonoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 379 ; tl : madagascar , antanosy
odites hermatica meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 378 ; tl : comoro is .
odites laconica meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 365 ; tl : transvaal , modderpoort
odites malivora meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 555 ; tl : manchuria
odites meloxantha meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 364 ; tl : rhodesia , salisbury
odites metaclista meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 379 ; tl : madagascar , antananarivo
odites prosedra meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 378 ; tl : nigeria , ogrugu
odites sucinea meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 378 ; tl : natal , pinetown
odites typota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 379 ; tl : madagascar , antananarivo
odites analogica meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 57 ; tl : comoro is . , anjouan
odites atonopa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 197 ; tl : nw . india , abbottabad
odites carcharopa meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 198 ; tl : comoro islands
odites citrantha meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 729 ; tl : natal , durban
odites diopta meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 57 ; tl : french congo , fort crampel
odites hemipercna meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 9 ) : 282 ; tl : nyassaland , mt mlanje
odites heptastica meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 9 ) : 281 ; tl : nyassaland , mt mlanje
odites pedicata meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 198 ; tl : comoro islands
odites assidua meyrick , 1914 ; ann . transv . mus . 4 ( 4 ) : 199 ; tl : sarnia , natal
odites bambusae walsingham , 1900 ; cat . het . mus . oxford ( 2 ) : 544 ; tl : india , ootacamund
odites consignata meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 107 ; tl : natal , karkloof
odites fessa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 107 ; tl : natal , umkomaas
odites fructuosa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 380 ; tl : comoro is . , mayotte
odites fruticosa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 380 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft
odites hederae walsingham , 1900 ; cat . het . mus . oxford ( 2 ) : 544 ; tl : india , ootacamund
odites incusata meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 107 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
odites nubeculosa meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 54 ; tl : natal , durban
odites aspasta meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 632 ; tl : khasis
odites diakonoffi kuznetsov & arutjunova , 1991 ; izv . akad . nauk tadzhik ssr 2 ( 2 ) : ( 19 - 23 )
odites emensa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 106 ; tl : cape colony , nelspruit
odites eriopa meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 633 ; tl : khasis
odites glaphyra meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 632 ; tl : sikkim
odites oligectis meyrick , 1917 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 2 ) : 56 ; tl : s . india , shevaroys , 4500ft
odites practoria meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 631 ; tl : khasis
odites procellosa meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 729 ; tl : s . nigeria , wari
odites sphenidias meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 781 ; tl : khasis
odites superscripta meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 337 ; tl : sw . africa , nuragas
odites atomosperma ; viette , 1955 , ann . nat . mus . wien 60 : 283 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
odites crocota meyrick , 1912 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 3 ) : 62 ; tl : zululand , mfongosi
odites incallida meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 381 ; tl : s . india , caddapah , 4000ft
odites insons meyrick , 1912 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 3 ) : 62 ; tl : zululand , mfongosi
odites inversa meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 250 ; tl : zululand , mfongosi
odites lioxesta ; viette , 1955 , ann . nat . mus . wien 60 : 283 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
odites metaphracta meyrick , 1909 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 5 ( 7 ) : 354 ; tl : natal , durban
odites odumbrata meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 156 ; tl : s . rhodesia , mazoe
odites obvia meyrick , 1914 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 10 ( 8 ) : 250 ; tl : zululand , mfongosi
odites ochrodryas ; viette , 1955 , ann . nat . mus . wien 60 : 283 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
odites ( oditini ) ; lvovsky , 1996 , ent . obozr . 75 ( 3 ) : ( 650 - 659 ) ; [ fe ]
odites atmopa meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 780 ; tl : kandy , ceylon
odites brachyclista meyrick , 1928 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 14 - 15 ) : 434 ; tl : philippines , mt makiling , luzon
odites brachyclista ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 124 ; [ nhm card ]
odites orthometra meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 634 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
odites pancyclia meyrick , 1928 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 14 - 15 ) : 434 ; tl : philippines , mt makiling , luzon
odites pancyclia ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 123 ; [ nhm card ]
odites periscias meyrick , 1928 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 14 - 15 ) : 434 ; tl : philippines , mt makiling , luzon
odites periscias ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 123 ; [ nhm card ]
odites agraula meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 632 ; tl : palni hills , 6000ft
odites metaclista ; meyrick , 1921 , ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 107 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
odites sucinea ; meyrick , 1921 , ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 106 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
odites actuosa meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 780 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
odites apicalis diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 122 ; tl : luzon , mt . makiling
odites approximans caradja , 1927 ; mem . sect . stiint . acad . rom . ( 3 ) 4 ( 8 ) : 393 ; tl : peking
odites encarsia meyrick , 1908 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 ( 3 ) : 634 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
odites euphema meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 780 ; tl : mundgod ; pala , kanara
odites pragmatias meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 4 ) : 780 ; tl : pykara , nilgiris , 7000ft
odites cuculans meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 54 ; tl : british s . e . africa , bela vista
odites holocitra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 156 ; tl : cameroons , bitje , ja r . , 2000ft
odites holotorna meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 157 ; tl : cameroons , bitje , ja r . , 2000ft
odites incolumis meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 54 ; tl : british s . e . africa , bela vista
odites notosticta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 157 ; tl : cameroons , bitje , ja r . , 2000ft
odites sphaerophyes diakonoff , 1966 ; tijds . ent . 109 ( 3 ) : 58 ; tl : w . celebes , paloe , mt . rangkoenaoe , 900ft
odites atalanta le cerf , 1934 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 39 : 11 ; tl : maroc , moyen atla , daya chikker , 1400 - 1500m
odites agathopella viette , 1968 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 37 ( 2 ) : 85 ; tl : madagascar , env . perinet , analamazaotra forest , 910m
odites scribaria meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 12 ) : 380 ; tl : solomon is . , new georgia ; treasury i . ; new guinea , sogeri
odites carterella walsingham , 1891 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 103 , pl . 5 , f . 37 ; tl : bathurst ( gambia )
odites natalensis walsingham , 1891 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 102 , pl . 4 , f . 36 ; tl : estcourt ( natal )
odites ? inconspicua walsingham , 1891 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 103 , pl . 5 , f . 38 ; tl : bathurst ( gambia )
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the wingspan is 15–17 mm . the forewings are white with a slight yellowish tinge and a silky gloss . there is a minute blackish second discal stigma . the hindwings are concolorous , slightly pellucent . [ 2 ]
this page was last edited on 17 february 2018 , at 05 : 56 .
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the wingspan is 15 - 17 mm . the forewings are white with a slight yellowish tinge and a silky gloss . there is a minute blackish second discal stigma . the hindwings are concolorous , slightly pellucent .
symmoca albidella snellen , 1901 ; tijdschr . ent . 44 : 82 , pl . 5 , f . 6 ; tl : w . java , preanger , 1500 - 1800m
encolpotis argyrophanes meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 98
trichernis centrias meyrick , 1894 ; trans . ent . soc . 1894 ( 1 ) : 20 ; tl : koni
continua meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 84
cryptolechia dilutella walsingham , 1881 ; trans . ent . soc . 1881 ( 2 ) : 255 , pl . 11 , f . 23 ; tl : -
eciteles flavimaculata christoph , 1882 ; bull . soc . imp . nat . moscou 57 ( 1 ) : 29 ; tl : wladiwostok
myriopleura furfurosa meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 2 ) : 405 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon
idonea meyrick , 1925 ; mem . sect . sti . acad . romana 3 ( 7 ) : 382
myriopleura isocentra meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 2 ) : 406 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon
lividula meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 8 - 9 ) : 286
larva on pyrus malus meyrick , 1930 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 555
monogona meyrick , 1938 ; inst . parcs nat . congo belge 14 : 21 , pl . 2 , f . 8
paracyrta ( meyrick , 1905 ) ( xylorycta ) ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 602
plocamoca meyrick , , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 84
xylorycta psilotis meyrick , 1905 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 16 ( 4 ) : 602 ; tl : paradeniya ; yatiyantota , ceylon
gelechia ? pubescentella stainton , 1859 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . ( n . s . ) 5 : 117 ; tl : near calcutta
depressaria ? ricinella stainton , 1859 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . ( n . s . ) 5 : 116 ; tl : near calcutta
depressaria ricini stainton , 1859 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . ( n . s . ) 5 : 115 ; tl : near calcutta
semibrunnea bradley , 1958 ; bull . ent . res . 49 ( 1 ) : 26
euteles subsignella rebel , 1893 ; stettin ent . ztg 54 ( 1 - 3 ) : 52 ; tl : caucasus
depressaria swinhoei butler , 1883 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1883 ( 2 ) : 174 ; tl : mhow
velipotens meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 572
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
on a collection of indian lepidoptera received from lieut . - colonel charles swinhoe ; with numerous notes by the collector
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
kuzn . et arutjunova , sp . n . ( lepidoptera , xyloryctidae ) from the middle asia
voyage du compte jacques de rohan chabot dans l ' angola . descriptions d ' espèces nouvelles de microlépidoptères
new and unrecorded gelechioid moths from japan taken by mr . watanabe in the island of yakushima
catalogue of eastern and australian lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the oxford museum . part ii : noctuina , geometrina and pyralidina
étude des types de microlépidoptères ( tineidae s . l . ) malgaches de meyrick du muséum de vienne
walsingham , 1891 african micro - lepidoptera trans . ent . soc . lond . 1891 ( 1 ) : 63 - 132 , pl . 3 - 7
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .