loricariidae is the largest family of catfish ( order siluriformes ) , with 92 genera and just over 680 species to date , with new species being described each year .

loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of costa rica , panama , and tropical and subtropical south america .

these fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths .

several genera are sold as " plecos " , notably the suckermouth catfish , hypostomus plecostomus , and are popular as aquarium fish .

loricariidae

( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , with implications on the diversification of neotropical ichthyofauna .
phylogenetic relationships of the loricariidae ( siluriformes ) based on mitochondrial rrna gene sequences .
molecular systematics of the armored neotropical catfish subfamily neoplecostominae ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) .
nature and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in fishes , genus hypostomus ( loricariidae ) .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the rio branco . neotropical ichthyology 14 : e150033 .
peckoltia sabaji , a new species from the guyana shield ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) .
group ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . zootaxa no . 249 : 1 - 60 .
( loricariidae : ancistrinae ) . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters 11 : 241 - 254 .
karyotypic diversity and evolution of loricariidae ( pisces , siluriformes ) . - pubmed - ncbi
aqualog loricariidae : all l - numbers : alle l - welse . all l - numbers
miranda ribeiro , 1918 ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the rio doce basin , brazil .
the neotropical cascudinhos : systematics and biogeography of the otocinclus catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from southern venezuela . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters 18 : 163–174 .
catfish genus corymbophanes ( loricariidae : hypostominae ) with description of one new species : corymbophanes kaiei .
kner ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from central venezuelan caribbean coastal streams . zootaxa 2345 : 19–32 .
with blue sheen from the upper orinoco ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . copeia 2009 : 50–56 .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , a new species from southern venezuela . zootaxa 1553 : 59–68 .
heterochromatin characterization of four fish species of the family loricariidae ( siluriformes ) . - pubmed - ncbi
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the madeira river basin with remarkable intraspecific color variation . neotropical ichthyology .
molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored neotropical catfishes hypoptopomatinae and neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) .
from the araguaia river drainage in brazil ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . neotropical ichtyology 6 : 419–424 .
nature and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in fishes , genus hypostomus ( loricariidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
finley , lee . 1987 . on some genera of the catfish family loricariidae . fama 3 / 87 .
multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with a focus on subfamily hypostominae .
covain , r . & s . fisch - muller ( 2007 ) . the genera of the neotropical armoured catfish subfamily loricariidae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) : a practical key and synopsis . zootaxa 1462 : 1–40 .
description of new species of hemipsilichthys ( loricariidae , hypostominae ) from the state of santa catarina , brazil .
hisonotus insperatus : new species , from the upper rio paraná basin ( pisces : ostariophysi : loricariidae ) .
hisonotus bocaiuva , a new species from the rio são francisco basin , brazil ( teleostei : loricariidae ) .
revision of the genus pseudotocinclus ( siluriformes : loricariidae : hypoptopomatinae ) , with descriptions of two new species .
, a new suckermouth armored catfish from southern venezuela ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) neotropical ichthyology 3 : 543–548 .
karyotype description of two species of hypostomus ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) of the planalto da bodoquena , brazil .
loricariidae is the largest family of catfishes , with six subfamilies , 92 genera , and more than 684 species .
sands , david d . 1984 . loricariidae : notes from the score of nature . tfh 10 / 84 .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the western amazon basin in peru . zootaxa 3691 : 192–198 . pmid : 26167575
invasion of south american suckermouth armoured catfishes pterygoplichthys spp . ( loricariidae ) in kerala , india - a case study
cláudio h . zawadzki works with taxonomy and has a long - term interest classification of species of family loricariidae .
( teleostei : loricariidae ) from the upper rio paraná basin , brazil , with description of three new species .
description of a new suckermouth armored catfish of the genus pareiorhina ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , from southeastern brazil .
, a new species from the guyana shield ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . zootaxa 344 : 1 - 12 .
chromosomal diversity in hypostomus ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) with emphasis on physical mapping of 18s and 5s rdna sites .
feeding ecology of hypostomus punctatus valenciennes , 1840 ( osteichthyes , loricariidae ) in a costal stream from southeast brazil .
, a new species of neoplecostomine catfish ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the upper rio doce basin , southeastern brazil .
phylogenetic relationships of the sucker - mouth armored catfishes ( loricariidae ) with particular emphasis on the hypostominae and the ancistrinae .
three new species of neoplecostomus ( teleostei : siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the upper rio paraná basin of southeastern brazil .
molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history of the armored neotropical catfish subfamilies hypoptopomatinae , neoplecostominae and otothyrinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) .
pareiorhina hyptiorhachis , a new catfish species from rio paraíba do sul basin , southeastern brazil ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) .
neoplecostomus ( teleostei : loricariidae ) from the upper rio paraná basin , brazil , with description of three new species .
, two new uniquely colored species of loricariids from venezuela ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . neotropical ichthyology 3 : 533–542 .
) , with descriptions of three new species from the amazon basin ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) . copeia 2010 : 676–704 .
revisão do gênero neoplecostomus , com a descrição de quatro espécies novas do sudeste brasileiro ( ostariophysi , siluriformes , loricariidae ) .
microlepidogaster arachas , a new species of hypoptopomatine catfish ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the upper rio paraná basin , brazil .
a new genus and species of hypoptopomatine catfish ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the upper rio são francisco basin , brazil .
hypostomus microstomus sp . nov . et autres poissons - chats cuirassés du rio parana ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the guayana highlands with a discussion of guiana shield biogeography . neotropical ichthyology 6 : 413–418 .
regan ct ( 1904 ) a monograph of the fishes of the family loricariidae . trans zool soc lond 17 : 191–350 .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , with implications on the diversification of neotropical ichthyofauna . molecular ecology 12 : 1855–1867 . pmid : 12803637
multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with a focus on subfamily hypostominae . - pubmed - ncbi
a remarkable sexually dimorphic new genus and species of neoplecostominae catfish ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) from a coastal drainage of eastern brazil .
karyotype description of two species of hypostomus ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) of the planalto da bodoquena , brazil . - pubmed - ncbi
armbruster jw . phylogenetic relationships of the sucker - mouth armored catfishes ( loricariidae ) with particular emphasis on the hypostominae and the ancistrinae .
cramer ca , bonatto sl , reis r . molecular phylogeny of the neoplecostominae and hypoptopomatinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) using multiple genes .
rhinolekos capetinga : a new cascudinho species ( loricariidae , otothyrinae ) from the rio tocantins basin and comments on its ancestral dispersal route .
hisonotus acuen , a new and phenotypically variable cascudinho ( siluriformes , loricariidae , hypoptopomatinae ) from the upper rio xingu basin , brazil .
) , with descriptions of three new species from the amazon basin ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) . copeia 2010 ( 4 ) : 676–704
chromosomal diversity in hypostomus ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) with emphasis on physical mapping of 18s and 5s rdna sites . - pubmed - ncbi
feeding ecology of hypostomus punctatus valenciennes , 1840 ( osteichthyes , loricariidae ) in a costal stream from southeast brazil . - pubmed - ncbi
( lamonte , 1935 ) ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with identification key to the species of the genus . neotropical ichthyology 12 : 61–70 .
miranda ribeiro , 1918 ( teleostei : siluriformes : loricariidae ) , and description of a new species from the rio iguaçu basin , brazil .
chauliocheilos saxatilis , a new genus and species of hypoptopomatinae from rio jequitinhonha basin , with a unique labial appendix ( teleostei : loricariidae ) .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , a new species with unique snout deplatation from the río santa rosa , ecuador . zootaxa 3243 : 52–58 .
. 2011 . two new genera and species of ancistrini ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the western guiana shield . copeia 2011 : 216–225 .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the rio paraguay basin , paraguay . neotropical ichthyology , v . 9 , p . 253 - 260 .
wood - eating is a particularly intriguing dietary specialization that , among fishes , is only known to occur within the loricariidae . phylogenetic research that
speice , paul . 1987 . guppies to groupers : there ' s a sucker born every minute ( loricariidae ) . fama 2 / 87 .
armbruster jw . peckoltia sabaji , a new species from the guyana shield ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . zootaxa . 2003 ; 344 : 1–12 .
intergeneric phylogenetic relationships in catfishes of the loricariinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , with the description of fonchiiloricaria nan . . . - pubmed - ncbi
pareiorhina brachyrhyncha ( loricariidae : siluriformes ) : a new species of fish from the paraíba do sul slope of serra da mantiqueira , southeastern brazil .
. 2012 . morphological and functional diversity of the mandible in suckermouth armored catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . journal of morphology 273 : 24–60 .
, a new species of suckermouth armored catfish ( loricariidae : ancistrinae ) with comments on loricariid feeding modes . copeia 2002 : 86 - 92 .
( loricariidae : hypostominae ) with comments on behavior as it relates to air - holding . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters 10 : 53 - 61 .
invasion of south american suckermouth armoured catfishes pterygoplichthys spp . ( loricariidae ) in kerala , india - a case study | bijukumar | journal of threatened taxa
description and relationships of otothyropsis marapoama , a new genus and species of hypoptopomatine catfish ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from rio tietê basin , southeastern brazil .
lacépède , 1803 from southern brazil , with descriptions of three new species ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . rev sui zoo 97 : 729–766 .
a single pair bearing 5s and 18s rdna sites has been considered plesiomorphic for loricariidae , given that this characteristic was observed in the outgroup trichomycteridae and some other loricariidae genera ( neoplecostomus , kronichthys , isbrueckerichthys , and parotocinclus ) considered phylogenetically basal through morphological analysis [ 1 , 27 ] . artoni and bertollo [ 28 ] also consider single nors as the ancestral phenotype for loricariidae . these characteristics observed on basal genera for loricariidae , besides other tribes of hypostominae such as pterygoplichthini and ancistrini [ 23 , 29 ] , support the hypothesis that the presence of one site of 5s and 18s rdnas is basal for hypostomus .
fábio f . roxo works with molecular systematic and has a long - term interest in the analysis of neotropical fishes , with emphasis in the family loricariidae .
chiachio mc , oliveira c , montoya - burgos ji . molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored neotropical catfishes hypoptopomatinae and neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae )
intergeneric phylogenetic relationships in catfishes of the loricariinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , with the description of fonchiiloricaria nanodon : a new genus and species from peru .
resurrection of pareiorhaphis miranda ribeiro , 1918 ( teleostei : siluriformes : loricariidae ) , and description of a new species from the rio iguaçu basin , brazil .
estudo da evolução do gênero hypostomus ( teleostei , siluriformes , loricariidae ) com base em caracteres cromossômicos e seqüências de dna [ ph . d . thesis ]
, com a descrição de quatro espécies novas do sudeste brasileiro ( ostariophysi , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . com mus ciênc tec pucrs zool 3 : 3–31 .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with comments on the evolution of snout tentacles as a novel reproductive strategy : larval mimicry . ichthyol explor freshwaters 10 : 217–229 .
isbrucker , i . j . h . 1980 . classification and catalogue of the mailed loricariidae . verslagen en technicsche gegevens . no . 22 . 181 pp .
knaack , joachim . 1999 . new ancistrus species from the rio cuiba system , brazil , ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . tfh 8 / 99 .
weber , c . ( 1991 ) . nouveaux taxa dans pterygoplichthys sensu lato ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . revue suisse de zoologie 98 : 637–643 .
systematics of the genus hypoptopoma günther , 1868  ( siluriformes , loricariidae )  . ( bulletin of the american museum of natural history , no . 336 )
with the description of two new species and a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the genera of the hypostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . zootaxa 1822 : 1–76 .
loricariidae can be separated from all other catfish by having an armor of dermal plates that support odontodes ( integumentary teeth ) and the lips modified into a suckerlike disk .
: a new cascudinho species ( loricariidae , otothyrinae ) from the rio tocantins basin and comments on its ancestral dispersal route . zookeys 481 : 109–130 . pmid : 25685034
armbruster , j . w . ( 2003 ) . peckoltia sabaji , a new species from the guyana shield ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . zootaxa 344 : 1–12 .
weber , c . ( 1992 ) . revision du genrew pterygoplichthys sensu lato ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . revue francaise d aquariologie herpetologie 19 : 1–36 .
a new genus and species of a minute suckermouth armored catfish ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the rio tocantins drainage , central brazil : the smallest known loricariid catfish .
( siluriformes : loricariidae ) : first record for the rio são francisco basin , brazil . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters , v . 25 , p . 213 222 .
, and b . rengifo . 2011 . a new basal ancistrini genus and species from the andes of northern peru ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . copeia 2011 : 497–502 .
isbrücker ijh ( 1980 ) classification and catalogue of the mailed loricariidae ( pisces , siluriformes ) . inst v tax zoöl ( zoöl mus ) univ amsterdam 22 : 1–181 .
ribeiro ed ( 2013 ) diversidade molecular dos ancistrini ( loricariidae : siluriformes ) reofílicos da ecorregião xingu - tapajós . manaus : instituto nacional de pesquisas da amazônia . 51 p .
aqualog : loricariidae all l - numbers , new 2nd . edition by erwin schraml , frank schaefer : hollywood import & export , inc . 9783936027518 hardcover , 2nd . - ergodebooks
eigenmann & eigenmann , 1889 ( siluriformes : loricariidae : hypoptopomatinae ) from the upper paraná basin , brazil . neotropical ichthyology , v . 8 , p . 625 - 630 .
r . f . artoni and l . a . c . bertollo , “cytogenetic studies on hypostominae ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . considerations on karyotype evolution in the genus
regan , c . tate . 1904 . a monograph of the fishes of the family loricariidae . trans . zool . soc . london , vol . 17 : 191 - 351 .
fernández , l . a . 1996 . dos nuevas localidades para ixinandria steinbachi ( pisces : loricariidae ) . neotrópica , 42 ( 107 - 108 ) : 22 . [ links ]
armbruster , j . w . , 2002 - copeia 2002 ( 1 ) : 86 - 92 hypancistrus inspector : a new species of suckermouth armored catfish ( loricariidae : ancistrinae ) .
isbrücker , i . j . h . 1980 . classification and catalogue of the mailed loricariidae ( pisces , siluriformes ) . verslagen en technische gegevens , 22 : 1 - 181 .
cramer ca , bonatto sl , reis re ( 2011 ) molecular phylogeny of the neoplecostominae and hypoptopomatinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) using multiple genes . mol phyl evol 59 : 43–52 .
with over 600 described species , loricariidae is the largest family of catfishes in the world and among the top five largest fish families . as part of my interests in the taxonomy of loricariid catfishes such as the one shown above , i have written a web - key to the genera of three of the subfamilies of loricariidae . these three subfamilies ( hypostominae , neoplecostominae , and a new subfamily ) total at least three - fourths of the genera of loricariidae , and previously no reliable information was available to recognize the genera . go to loricariid home page .
sucker - mouth catfishes ( scientific name : loricariidae ) are given an l or lda number if they are imported for the aquarium hobby but cannot be unequivocally assigned to any described species .
cramer ca , liedke amr , bonatto ls , reis re . the phylogenetic relationship of the hypoptopomatinae and neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) as inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i sequences .
isbrücker , i . j . h . 1981b . revision of loricaria linnaeus , 1758 ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . beaufortia , 31 : 51 - 96 . [ links ]
boeseman , m . ( 1968 ) the genus hypostomus lacépède , 1803 , and its surinam representatives ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) . zoologische verhandelingen , 99 , 1–89 , pls . 1–18 .
, a new species of loricariid fish ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the xingú and tocantins rivers , brazil . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters , 5 ( 4 ) : 289 - 296 .
armbruster jw ( 2004 ) phylogenetic relationships of the sucker - mouth armored catfishes ( loricariidae ) with particular emphasis on the hypostominae and the ancistrinae . zool j linn soc 141 : 1–80 .
reis re , schaefer sa ( 1998 ) new cascudinhos from southern brazil : systematics , endemism , and relationships ( siluriformes , loricariidae , hypoptopomatinae ) . am mus novit 3254 : 1–25 .
knaack , joachim . 1999 . a new species of suckermouth catfish ( hypostomus lacepede 1803 ) from the mato grosso , brazil ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . tfh 7 / 99 .
isbrücker , i . j . h . 1979 . descriptions préliminaires de nouveaux taxa de la famille des loricariidae . revue française d ' aquariologie , 5 : 86 - 116 . [ links ]
and d . c . taphorn . 2011 . a new genus and species of weakly armored catfish from the upper mazaruni river ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . copeia 2011 : 46 - 52 .
, a new species of hypoptopomatine catfish ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the upper rio paraná basin , brazil . zootaxa ( online ) , v . 3608 , p . 379 - 388 .
k . ziemniczak , a . v . barros , k . o . rosa et al . , “comparative cytogenetics of loricariidae ( actinopterygii : siluriformes ) : emphasis in neoplecostominae and hypoptopomatinae , ”
covain r , fisch - muller s ( 2007 ) the genera of the neotropical armored catfish subfamily loricariinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) : a practical key and synopsis . zootaxa 1462 : 1–40 .
, d . p . german , and k . o . winemiller . 2011 . do wood - grazing fishes partition their niche ? : morphological and isotopic evidence for trophic segregation in neotropical loricariidae .
2004 . phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes ( loricariidae ) with emphasis on the hypostominae and the ancistrinae . zoological journal of the linnean society 141 : 1 - 80 . ( monograph ) .
power , m . e . 1981 . the grazing ecology of armored catfish ( loricariidae ) in a panamanian stream . ph . d . dissertation , univ . washington , seattle . 268 pp .
cramer ca , bonatto sl , reis re ( 2011 ) molecular phylogeny of the neoplecostominae and hypoptopomatinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) using multiple genes . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 59 : 43–52 . pmid : 21241812
schaefer , s . a . ( 1997 ) . the neotropical cascudinhos : systematics and biogeography of the otocinclus catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences 148 : 1–120 .
lujan nk , german dp , winemiller ko . do wood grazing fishes partition their niche ? : morphological and isotopic evidence for trophic segregation in neotropical loricariidae . functional ecology . 2011 ; 25 : 1327–1338 .
another common ornamental aquarium fish is the plecostomus ( algae eater ) pterygoplichthys pardalis , family loricariidae . they have an
omega iris
see urltoken bawphi17 19 : 06 , 15 november 2011 ( pst )
j . i . montoya - burgos , s . muller , c . weber , and j . pawlowski , “phylogenetic relationships of the loricariidae ( siluriformes ) based on mitochondrial rrna gene sequences , ” in
schaefer sa ( 1991 ) phylogenetic analysis of the loricariid subfamily hypoptopomatinae ( pisces , siluroidei , loricariidae ) , with comments on generic diagnoses and geographic - distribution . zool j linn soc 102 : 1–41 .
lujan , n . k . ( 2008 ) description of a new lithoxus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the guyana highlands with a discussion of guiana shield biogeography . neotropical ichthyology , 6 , 413–418 . urltoken
m . c . chiachio , c . oliveira , and j . i . montoya - burgos , “molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored neotropical catfishes hypoptopomatinae and neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , ”
chiachio mc , oliveira c , montoya - burgos ji ( 2008 ) molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored neotropical catfishes hypoptopomatinae and neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . mol phyl evol 49 : 606–617 .
armbruster , j . w . ( 2004 ) . phylogenetic relationships of the sucker mouth armoured catfishes ( loricariidae ) with emphasis on the hypostominae and the ancistrinae . zoological journal of the linnaean society 141 : 1–80 .
golani , d . & g . snovsky ( 2013 ) . occurrence of suckermouth armored catfish ( siluriformes , loricariidae , pterygoplichthys ) in inland waters of israel . bioinvasions records 2 ( 3 ) : 253–256 ; urltoken
page , l . m . & r . h . robins ( 2006 ) . identification of sailfin catfishes ( teleosti : loricariidae ) in south - eastern asia . the raffles bulletin of zoology 54 : 455–457 .
britto , m . r . & moreira , c . r . ( 2002 ) otocinlus tapirape : a new hypoptopomatinae catfish from central brazil ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . copeia 2002 , 1063–1069 . urltoken ; 2
lehmann , p . a . ( 2006 ) anatomia e relações filogenéticas da família loricariidae ( ostariophysi : siluriformes ) com ênfase na subfamília hypoptopomatinae . unpublished phd thesis , pontifícia universidade católica do rio grande do sul .
schaefer , s . a . ( 1997 ) the neotropical cascudinhos : systematics and biogeography of the otocinclus catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , 148 , 1–120 .
armbruster , j . w . 2004 . phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes ( loricariidae ) with emphasis on the hypostominae and the ancistrinae . zoological journal of the linnean society , 141 : 1 - 80 .
rapp py - daniel , l . h . 1997 . phylogeny of the neotropical armored catfishes of the subfamily loricariinae ( siluriformes ; loricariidae ) . unpublished ph . d . dissertation , university of arizona , tucson .
citation : cramer ca , melo de sousa l ( 2016 ) a new species of tiger pleco panaqolus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the xingu basin , brazil . plos one 11 ( 11 ) : e0165388 . urltoken
armbruster , j . w . & l . page ( 1996 ) . redescription of aphanotorulus ( teleostei : loricariidae ) with description of one new species , a . ammophilus from the rio orinoco basin . copeia 379–389 .
montoya - burgos , j . , s . muller , c . weber & j . pawlowski . 1998 . phylogenetic relationships of the loricariidae ( siluriformes ) based on mitochondrial rrna gene sequences . pp . 363 - 374
regan , c . t . 1904 . a monograph of the fishes of the family loricariidae . transactions of the zoological society of london , 17 ( 3 ) : 191 - 350 , pls . 9 - 21 .
covain , r . & fisch - muller , s . ( 2007 ) the genera of the neotropical armored catfish subfamily loricariinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) : a practical key and synopsis . zootaxa , 1462 , 1–40 .
armbruster , j . w . 2004 . phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes ( loricariidae ) with emphasis on the hypostominae and ancistrinae . zoological journal of the linnean society , 141 : 1 - 80 . [ links ]
c . keith ray and j . w . armbruster . 2016 . the genera isorineloricaria and aphanotorulus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with description of a new species . zootaxa . 4072 ( 5 ) : 510 - 539 . urltoken
lujan , n . k . & birindelli , j . l . o . ( 2011 ) a new distinctively banded species of pseudolithoxus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the upper orinoco river . zootaxa , 2941 , 38–46 .
roxo ff , zawadzki ch , costa silva gj , chiachio mc , foresti f , et al . ( 2012 ) molecular systematics of the armored neotropical catfish subfamily neoplecostominae ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) . zootaxa 3390 : 33–42 .
isbrücker , i . j . h . 2001 . nomenklator der gattungen und arten der harnischwelse , familie loricariidae rafinesque , 1815 ( teleostei : ostariophysi ) . datz - sonderheft , harnischwelse 2 : 25 - 32 . [ links ]
armbruster , j . w . , n . k . lujan and d . c . taphorn , 2007 - copeia 2007 ( 1 ) : 62 - 79 four new hypancistrus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from amazonas , venezuela .
roxo ff , zawadzki ch , alexandrou ma , costa silva gj , chiachio mc , et al . ( 2012 ) evolutionary and biogeographic history of the subfamily neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . ecology and evolution 2 : 2438–2449 .
, d . p . german , and k . o . winemiller . 2011 . do wood - grazing fishes partition their niche ? : morphological and isotopic evidence for trophic segregation in neotropical loricariidae . functional ecology 25 : 1327–1338 .
chiachio mc , oliveira c , montoya - burgos ji . molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored neotropical catfishes hypoptopomatinae and neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 2008 ; 49 : 606–617 . pmid : 18793736
schaefer , s . a . 1997 . the neotropical cascudinhos : systematics and biogeography of the otocinclus catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , 148 : 1 - 120 . [ links ]
schaefer , s . a . ( 1991 ) phylogenetic analysis of the loricariid subfamily hypoptopomatinae ( pisces : siluroidei : loricariidae ) , with comments on generic diagnoses and geographic distribution . zoological journal of the linnean society , 102 , 1–41 .
armbruster , j . w . 1997 . phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armoured catfishes ( loricariidae ) with particular emphasis on the ancistrinae , hypostominae and neoplecostominae . unpublished ph . d . dissertation , university of illinois , urbana - champaign .
rapp py - daniel , l . h . ( 1997 ) phylogeny of the neotropical armored catfishes of the subfamilly loricariinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . unpublished ph . d . thesis , university of arizona , tucson , 280 pp .
cramer ca , liedke amr , bonatto ls , reis re ( 2008 ) the phylogenetic relationship of the hypoptopomatinae and neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) as inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i sequences . bull fish biol 9 : 51–59 .
78 . taphorn , d . c . , j . w . armbruster , f . villa - navarro , and c . k . ray . 2013 . transandean ancistrus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . zootaxa 4 : 343–370 . pdf
lujan nk , armbruster jw , lovejoy nr , lópez - fernández h . multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with a focus on subfamily hypostominae . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 2015b ; 82 : 269–288 .
covain , r . & s . fisch - müller . 2007 . the genera of the neotropical armored catfish subfamily loricariinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) : a practical key and synopsis . zootaxa , 1462 : 1 - 40 . [ links ]
lehmann , p . a . , mayer , f . & reis , r . e . ( 2010a ) a new species of otocinclus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the rio madeira drainage , brazil . copeia , 2010 , 635–639 .
bockmann , f . a . & ribeiro , a . c . ( 2003 ) description of a new suckermouth armored catfish of the genus pareiorhina ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , from southeastern brazil . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters , 14 , 231–242 .
lehmann , p . a . , mayer , f . & reis , r . e . ( 2010b ) re - validation of otocinclus arnoldi regan and reappraisal of otocinclus phylogeny ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . neotropical ichthyology , 8 , 57–68 .
, and c . chamon . 2008 . two new species of loricariidae ( teleostei : siluriformes ) from main channels of the upper and middle amazon basin , with discussion of deep water specialization in loricariids . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters 19 : 271–282 .
d . c . taphorn , j . w . armbruster , f . villa - navarro and c . keith ray . 2013 . trans - andean ancistrus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . zootaxa 3641 ( 4 ) : 343 _ 370 . urltoken
armoured catfish of the family loricariidae are literally being described faster than scientists can describe and name them , and so a shorthand system of identifying these catfish has come into use , the l - numbers , where ' l ' stands for ' loricariidae ' . not all the armoured catfish have l - numbers ; species that have been recognised for decades , like the common plec hypostomus plecostomus , don ' t have l - numbers , and neither do catfish belonging to other families , such as corydoras .
lujan nk , armbruster jw , lovejoy nr , lópez - fernández h ( 2015 ) multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with a focus on subfamily hypostominae . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 82 : 269–288 . pmid : 25193609
cramer , c . a , bonatto , s . l & reis , r . e . ( 2011 ) molecular phylogeny of the neoplecostominae and hypoptopomatinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) using multiple genes . molecular phylogenetics and evolution , 59 , 43–52 . urltoken
paixão , a . c . & m . toledo - piza . ( 2009 ) systematics of lamontichthys miranda - ribeiro ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , with the description of two new species . neotropical ichthyology , 7 ( 4 ) , 519–568 . urltoken
much of my research has focused on the suckermouth armored catfishes , also known as ‘plecos’ ( family loricariidae ) , which are species rich ( > 950 spp . ) , ubiquitous across tropical south american rivers , and can be easily distinguished from all other f
wu , l . w . , c . c . liu & s . m . lin ( 2011 ) . identification of exotic sailfin catfish species ( pterygoplichthys , loricariidae ) in taiwan based on morphology and mtdna sequences . zoological studies 50 : 235–246 .
montoya - burgos ji , muller s , weber c , pawlowski j . phylogenetic relationships of the loricariidae ( siluriformes ) basen on mitochondrial rrna gene sequences . in : malabarba lr , reis re , vari rp , lucena zm , lucena cas , editors .
isbrücker , i . j . h . 1973 . redescription and figures of the south american mailed catfish rineloricaria lanceolata ( günther , 1868 ) ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . beaufortia . 278 ( 21 ) : 75 - 89 . [ links ]
isbrücker , i . j . h . 1980 . classification and catalogue of the mailed loricariidae ( pisces , siluriformes ) . verslagen en technische gegevens . instituut voor taxonomische zoölogie ( zoölogisch museum ) universiteit van amsterdam , 22 : 1 - 181 . [ links ]
a . l . alves , r . s . de borba , a . p . b . pozzobon et al . , “localization of 18s ribosomal genes in suckermouth armoured catfishes loricariidae ( teleostei , siluriformes ) with discussion on the ag - nor evolution , ”
lujan , n . k . , d . p . german , and k . o . winemiller . 2011 . do wood - grazing fishes partition their niche ? : morphological and isotopic evidence for trophic segregation in neotropical loricariidae . functional ecology 25 : 1327–1338 .
sumanasinghe , h . p . w . & u . s . amarasinghe ( 2013 ) . population dynamics of accidentally introduced amazon sailfin catfish , pterygoplichthys pardalis ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) in pologolla reservoir , sri lanka . sri lanka journal of aquatic sciences 18 : 37–45 .
armbruster , j . w . & page , l . m . ( 1996 ) redescription of aphanotorulus ( teleostei : loricariidae ) with description of one new species , a . ammophilus , from the río orinoco basin . copeia , 1996 ( 2 ) , 379–389 . urltoken
isbrücker , i . j . h . & h . nijssen . 1978 . two new species and a new genus of neotropical mailed catfishes of the subfamily loricariinae swainson , 1838 ( pisces , siluriformes , loricariidae ) . beaufortia , 27 : 177 - 206 . [ links ]
reis , r . e . & a . r . cardoso . 2001 . two new species of rineloricaria from southern santa catarina and northeastern rio grande do sul , brazil ( teleostei : loricariidae ) . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters , 12 : 319 - 332 . [ links ]
chiachio . m . c . , oliveira . c . & montoya - burgos , j . i . ( 2008 ) molecular systematic and historical biogeography of the armored neotropical catfishes hypoptopomatinae and neoplecostominae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution , 49 , 606–617 . urltoken
thomas , m . r . & rapp py - daniel , l . h . ( 2008 ) three new species of the armored catfish genus loricaria ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from river channels of the amazon basin . neotropical ichthyology , 6 ( 3 ) , 379–394 . urltoken
keszka , s . , r . panicz & a . tanski ( 2008 ) . first record of the leopard pleco , pterygoplichthys gibbiceps ( actinopterygii , loricariidae ) in the brda river in the centre of bydgoszcz ( northern poland ) . acta ichthyologica et piscatoria 38 : 135–138 ; urltoken
nico , l . g . & t . r . martin ( 2001 ) . the south american suckermouth armored catfish , pterygoplichthys anisitsi ( pisces : loricariidae ) , in texas , with comments on foreign fish introductions in the american southwest . southwestern naturalist 46 ( 1 ) : 98–104
isbrücker , i . j . h . 1981a . a treatise of the loricariidae bonaparte , 1831 , a family of south american mailed catfishes , with emphasis on the subfamily loricariinae ( pisces , siluriformes ) . unpublished ph . d . dissertation , universiteit van amsterdam . [ links ]
provenzano , f . , machado - allison , a . , chernoff , b . , willink , p . & petry , p . ( 2005 ) harttia merevari , a new species of catfish ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from venezuela . neotropical ichthyology , 3 , 519–524 . urltoken
sinha , r . k . , u . k . sarkar & w . s . lakra ( 2010 ) . first record of the southern sailfin catfish , pterigoplichthys anisitsi eigenmann & kennedy , 1903 ( teleostei : loricariidae ) , in india . journal of applied ichthyology 26 : 606–608 .
geerinckx t , brunain m , herrel a , aerts p , adriaens d . a head with a suckermouth : a functional - morphological study of the head of the suckermouth catfish ancistrus cf . triradiatus ( loricariidae , siluriformes ) . belgian journal of zoology . 2007 ; 137 : 47–66 .
gauger , m . f . w . & buckup , p . a . ( 2005 ) two new species of hypoptopomatinae from the rio paraíba do sul basin , with comments on the monophyly of parotocinclus and the otothyrini ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . neotropical ichthyology , 3 : 509–518 .
s . mariotto , l . centofante , m . r . vicari , r . f . artoni , and o . moreira - filho , “chromosomal diversification in ribosomal dna sites in ancistrus kner , 1854 ( loricariidae , ancistrini ) from three hydrographic basins of mato grosso , brazil , ”
citation : roxo ff , albert js , silva gsc , zawadzki ch , foresti f , oliveira c ( 2014 ) molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history of the armored neotropical catfish subfamilies hypoptopomatinae , neoplecostominae and otothyrinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . plos one 9 ( 8 ) : e105564 . urltoken
58 . lujan , n . k . , m . hidalgo , and d . j . stewart . 2010 . revision of panaque ( panaque ) , with descriptions of three new species from the amazon basin ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) . copeia 2010 ( 4 ) : 676–704 . pdf
roxo ff , albert js , silva gs , zawadzki ch , foresti f , oliveira c . molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history of the armored neotropical catfish subfamilies hypoptopomatinae , neoplecostominae and otothyrinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . plos one . 2014 ; 9 ( 8 ) : e105564 . pmid : 25148406
axenrot , t . e . & kullander , s . o . ( 2003 ) corydoras diphyes ( siluriformes : callichthyidae ) and otocinclus mimulus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , two new species of catfishes from paraguay , a case of minetic association . ichthyological exploration of freshwaters , 14 , 249–272 .
the loricariidae , an endemic neotropical family of freshwater fish , is the largest group of catfish , with about 900 valid species ( eschmeyer and fong 2015 ) . within the loricariidae , the subfamily neoplecostominae has a long complex taxonomic and systematic history , with a number of major morphological and molecular studies being conducted since the nineteenth century ( e . g . eigenmann and eigenmann 1890 ; regan 1904 ; gosline 1947 ; isbrücker 1980 ; howes 1983 ; schaefer 1987 ; montoya - burgos et al . 1998 ; armbruster 2004 ; chiachio et al . 2008 ; roxo et al . 2012a , 2014 ) .
rodriguez , m . s . , ortega , h . & covain , r . ( 2011 ) intergeneric phylogenetic relationships in catfishes of the loricariinae ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) , with the description of fonchiiloricaria nanodon : a new genus and species from peru . journal of fish biology , 1–21 . urltoken
armando , t . w . k . , r . c . ramon & a . a . enrique ( 2007 ) . amazon sailfin catfish pterygoplichthys pardalis ( castelnau , 1885 ) ( loricariidae ) , another exotic species established in south - eastern mexico . southwestern naturalist 52 ( 1 ) : 141–144 .
loricariidae = ( lohr ih care ee id dee ) this is the largest family with about 700 species and still growing with the onslaught of the l - numbers . can be readily recognised with their overlapping plates covering the body and the downturned suckermouth . some , but not all , relish a vegetarian diet .
montoya - burgos , j . , s . muller , c . weber & j . pawlowski . 1997 . phylogenetic relationships between hypostominae and ancistrinae ( siluroidei ; loricariidae ) : first results from mitochondrial 12s and 16s rrna gene sequences . revue suisse de zoologie , 104 ( 1 ) : 185 - 198 .
isbrücker , i . j . h . ( 1979 ) description préliminaire de nouveaux taxa de la famille des loricariidae , poissons - chats cuirassés néotropicaux , avec un catalogue critique de la sous - famille nominale ( pisces , siluriformes ) . revue française d ' aquariologie et herpetologie , 5 , for 1978 , 86–116 .
isbrücker , i . j . h . , seidel , i . , michels , j . p . , schraml , e . & werner , a . ( 2001 ) nomenklator der gattungen und arten der harnischwelse , familie loricariidae rafinesque , 1815 ( teleostei , ostariophysi ) . datz harnischwelse , 2 , 17–24 .
diplomystes mesembrinus ( diplomystidae ) was used as a distant outgroup to root all phylogenies . diplomystidae has been alternatively been reported as the sister group to all other catfishes , or as the sister group to siluroidea , a clade of catfishes that excludes loricarioidea [ 50 ] – [ 56 ] . additionally , samples of corydoras imitator , corydoras oiapoquensis , hoplosternum littorale , callichthys callichthys ( callichthyidae ) , astroblepus sp . 1 and astroblepus sp . 2 ( astroblepidae ) , hemipsilichthys gobio , h . papillatus , delturus parahybae ( loricariidae , subfamily delturinae ) , rineloricaria lanceolata , spatuloricaria sp . 1 ( loricariidae , subfamily loricariinae ) , hypostomus ancistroides , h . nigromaculatus and h . microstomus ( loricariidae , subfamily hypostominae ) were included in the analysis as additional outgroups . we included in the analysis 155 specimens representing 115 loricariid species ( see table s1 to all species names , localities and deposits in museums and table s2 to taxonomic summary of ingroup species ) .
85 . lujan , n . k . , j . w . armbruster , n . lovejoy , and h . lópez - fernández . 2015 . multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with a focus on subfamily hypostominae , molecular phylogenetics and evolution 82 : 269 - 288 . pdf
the generic name is a combination of greek , micro ( mikrós ) = small , related to the small size of the adult type - specimen , and plecostomus = a former generic name of species currently included in loricariidae , also in reference to the small adult size of the type - species . a masculine name .
schaefer sa ( 1998 ) conflict and resolution : impact of new taxa on phylogenetic studies of the neotropical cascudinhos ( siluroidei : loricariidae ) . in : malabarba lr , reis re , vari rp , lucena zms , lucena cas , editors . phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes . porto alegre : edipucrs . pp . 375–400 .
the loricariidae is the largest family of catfishes with now greater than 680 species ( reis et al . 2003 ) . this makes the loricariids about 25 % of described catfishes . the loricariidae has been receiving a lot of attention by scientists recently , and many species are being described each year . my reasearch is on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the loricariids that are typically referred to as plecos in the pet trade . these fishes are mostly placed in the subfamily hypostominae which has five tribes : corymbophanini , rhinelepini , hypostomini , pterygoplichthyini , and ancistrini ( which used to be recognized as its own subfamily ) . together , this group has more than 450 species .
lehmann , p . a . , braun , b . k . , pereira , e . h . l . & reis , r . e . ( 2013 ) a new species of the hypoptopomatinae catfish parotocinclus ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) , from the headwaters of the rio jequitinhonha , brazil . copeia , 2013 , 435–440 .
lujan , n . k . , armbruster , j . w . , lovejoy , n . r . & lópez - fernández , h . ( 2014 ) multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with a focus on subfamily hypostominae . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . [ online early view ] h urltoken
citation : roxo ff , lujan nk , tagliacollo va , waltz bt , silva gsc , oliveira c , et al . ( 2017 ) shift from slow - to fast - water habitats accelerates lineage and phenotype evolution in a clade of neotropical suckermouth catfishes ( loricariidae : hypoptopomatinae ) . plos one 12 ( 6 ) : e0178240 . urltoken
silva gsc , roxo ff , luz e . ochoa le , oliveira c ( 2016 ) description of a new catfish genus ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) from the tocantins river basin in central brazil , with comments on the historical zoogeography of the new taxon . zookeys 598 : 129–157 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 598 . 7400
montoya - burgos ji , muller s , weber c , pawlowski j ( 1998 ) phylogenetic relationships of the loricariidae ( siluriformes ) based on mitochondrial rrna gene sequences . in : malabarba lr , reis re , vari rp , lucena zm , lucena cas , editors . phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes . porto alegre : edipucrs . pp . 363–375 .
isbrücker , i . j . h . & nijssen , h . ( 1992 ) sexual dimorphismus bei harnischwelsen ( loricariidae ) . odontoden , zähne , lippen , tentakel , genitalpapillen und flossen . in : stawikowski , r . ( ed . ) , harnischwelse . die aquarien - und terrarien - zeitschrift sonderheft . eugen ulmer , stuttgart , pp . 19–33 .
de souza , l . s . , m . r . s . melo , c . c . chamon and j . w . armbruster , 2008 . a new species of hemiancistrus from the rio araguaia basin , goiás state , brazil ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . neotrop . ichthyol . 6 ( 3 ) : 419 - 424 . ( ref . 79076 )
99 . matamoros , w . a . , c . d . mcmahan , c . r . mejia , p . h . house , j . w . armbruster , p . chakrabarty . 2016 . first record of the non - native armored catfish hypostomus cf . niceforoi ( fowler , 1943 ) ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from central america . occasional papers of the museum of natural science , louisiana university 87 : 1–12 . pdf 98 . tan , m . , l . s . de souza , and j . w . armbruster . 2016 . a new species of panaqolus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) from the rio branco . neotropical ichthyology 14 : e150033 . doi : 10 . 1590 / 1982 - 0224 - 20150033 . pdf
ferraris , c . j . jr . , 2003 . loricariidae - loricariinae ( armored catfishes ) . p . 330 - 350 . in r . e . reis , s . o . kullander and c . j . ferraris , jr . ( eds . ) checklist of the freshwater fishes of south and central america . porto alegre edipucrs , brasil . ( ref . 36389 )
jumawan , j . c . , b . m . vallejo , a . a . herrera , c . c . buerano , i . kendrich & c . fontanilla ( 2011 ) . dna barcodes of the suckermouth sailfin catfish pterygoplichthys ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) in the marikina river system , philippines : molecular perspective of an invasive alien fish species . philippine science letters 4 : 103–113 .
nico , l . g . , p . l . butt , g . r . johnson , h . l . jelks , m . kail & s . j . walsh ( 2012 ) . discovery of the south american suckermouth armoured catfish ( loricariidae , pterygoplichthys spp . ) in the santa fe river drainage , suwannee river basin , usa . bioinvasion records 1 : 179–200 ; urltoken
schaefer , s . a . , 2003 . loricariidae - hypoptopomatinae ( armored catfishes ) . p . 321 - 329 . in r . e . reis , s . o . kullander and c . j . ferraris , jr . ( eds . ) checklist of the freshwater fishes of south and central america . porto alegre : edipucrs , brasi . l . ( ref . 36885 )
we present cytogenetic analyses of four fish species , belonging to four loricariidae subfamilies : neoplecostomus microps ( neoplecostominae ) with 2n = 54 chromosomes , harttia loricariformis ( loricariinae ) with 2n = 56 chromosomes , hypostomus affinis ( hypostominae ) with 2n = 66 chromosomes and upsilodus sp . ( upsilodinae ) , with 2n = 96 chromosomes . in addition to karyotypes , data on the location of 18s rdna sites are presented , derived from indirect ( silver nitrate impregnation ) and direct ( fish ) methods . there is only one pair of nucleolar organizing regions ( nors ) per species , except in h . affinis . diversity and nor macrokaryotypic evolution in the species analyzed are discussed in relation to the evolution of the loricariidae as a whole . in addition , a revision of the cytogenetic data available for this family is presented .
simonović , p . , v . nikolić & s . grujić ( 2010 ) . amazon sailfin catfish pterygoplichthys pardalis ( castellnnau , 1855 ) ( loricariidae , siluriformes ) , a new fish species recorded in the serbian section of the danube river . second balkan conference on biology , 21 - 23 may 2010 , plovdiv , biotechnol . & biotechnol . eq . 24 / 2010 / sespecial edition / on - line , 655–660pp .
the south ( and some central ) american family loricariidae , the suckermouth catfishes , has something for most all freshwater aquariums . otocinclus and similarly small sized parotocinclus and hypoptopoma genera ( the family consists of 92 genera ) can be kept in 10 - gallon or larger systems in small shoals , while some of the monsters we’ll cover here require hundreds of gallons of space , not to mention considerable circulation and filtration , to keep their systems clean .
a new species of otocinclus ( loricariidae ) is described from the rio juruena , a right bank tributary of the rio tapajós system in mato grosso state , central brazil . the new taxon can be distinguished from its congeners by the possession of an ocular operculum and by a complete lateral line . additionally , the new species is distinguished by having a dorsal trunk coloration composed of a set of distinct oval dark blotches and by a caudal spot .
ancistrinae had been recognized as a subfamily of loricariidae since isbrücker ( 1980 ) based on the putatively derived presence of what were commonly called evertible interopercular spines . i prefer to call the adaptation evertible cheek plates ( loricariids do not have interopercles ) with associated hypertrophied ( elongated ) odontodes ( odontodes are the integumentary or skin teeth covering the bodies of loricariids and sometimes lengthened and thickened to form spines ) . regardless , evertible cheek plates are not restricted to ancistrinae . the species of
isbrücker et al . ( 2001 ) described 14 new genera of the loricariidae . chockley and armbruster ( 2002 ) were the first to sink one of the genera . 10 more were relegated to the synonymy of other genera in the checklist of freshwater fishes of south and central america ( reis et al . , 2003 ) . two others were relegated to the synonomy of other genera by armbruster ( 2004 ) . of the 14 genera , only pseudolithoxus has been accepted as of armbruster ( 2004 ) .
welcome to my loricariid home page . i have designed these pages to act as a means to identify the genera of the subfamilies neoplecostominae and hypostominae as well as an undescribed subfamily . this encompasses a majority of the genera of loricariidae and includes all of the genera typically sold in the aquarium trade under the name pleco or plecostomus . the primary emphasis of these pages is on the hypostominae ( sensu armbruster , 2004 ) which includes the former ancistrinae and excludes delturus , hemipsilichthys , isbrueckerichthys , kronichthys , pareiorhina , and upsilodus .
90 . tan , m . & j . w . armbruster . 2016 . two new species of spotted hypancistrus from the rio negro drainage ( loricariidae : ancistrini ) . zookeys 552 : 123–135 . 89 . armbruster , j . w . , c . c . stout , & m . m . hayes . 2016 . an empirical test for convergence and social mimicry using african barbs ( cypriniformes : cyprinidae ) . evolutionary ecology 30 : 435–450 . doi : 10 . 1007 / s10682 - 015 - 9811 - 6 .
in conclusion , we hope that the previously discussed hypotheses can help in the conservation policies for freshwater fishes in southeastern brazil , an area of vital importance in the evolution of loricariidae and other neotropical fish groups . phylogenetic and biogeographical knowledge continues to be essential for the elucidation of the magnitude of species richness and species evolution and distribution patterns . however , as the mechanisms that drive the great diversification of neotropical fish remain understudied and significant phylogenetic information is lacking for many groups occurring in eastern brazil , this region still deserves significant research effort .
93 . ray c . k . & j . w . armbruster . 2016 . the genera isorineloricaria and aphanotorulus ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) with description of a new species . zootaxa 4072 : 501–539 . pdf 92 . hayes , m . m . , e . r . krahl , d . c . werneke , & j . w . armbruster . 2016 . conservation genetics of the broadstripe shiner , pteronotropis euryzonus , an endemic species of the middle chattahoochee river . aquatic conservation : marine and freshwater ecosystems 26 : 429–444 . doi : 10 . 1002 / aqc . 2602 . pdf
of the thirty four living families of catfishes , a few stand out as aquarium favorites ; the armored cats of the callichthyidae ( e . g . corydoras , diadema ) , the long - whiskered pimelodids , the gorgeous synodontis of the family mochokidae , and the
plecostomus
family of south and central american sucker mouth catfishes , the loricariidae . the loricariids are often called upon to do
double duty
as aquarium specimens ; to look nice and be a / the clean up crew removing algae and other waste . the latter role too often doesn ' t work out as planned .
ixinandria montebelloi . - isbrücker , 1979 : 87 [ new combination ] . - isbrücker , 1980 : 103 [ reference ] . - isbrücker , 1981a : vi , 75 [ reference , discussion ] . - burgess , 1989 : 417 [ reference ] . - isbrücker , 2001 : 29 [ reference ] . - ferraris , 2003 : 336 [ reference ] . - armbruster , 2004 : 46 , 66 & 68 [ phylogeny of family loricariidae ] . - lópez & miquelarena , 2005 : 534 [ endemism in western south america ] . - ferraris , 2007 : 263 [ listed , distribution ] .
for different groups of animals , naming schemes of candidate species have been established . as one example , catfishes of the family loricariidae are provided with so - called l - numbers , a system of consecutive numbers introduced in 1988 by r . stawikowski , a . werner and u . schliewen , in which each putative new species is referred by a unique number combination after the letter
l
- - from loricariids . these numbers are designated upon publication of photographs of unknown color variants of loricariids in the german journal
die aquarien und terrarien zeitschrift
and are used beyond the realm of aquariologists .
revealed that within the loricariidae , the specialized morphology and diet of wood - eaters has originated three times . this earlier study in functional ecology combined data on functionally relevant jaw morphological characteristics with isotope data describing the position of wood - grazing species relative to food resources associated with the wood surface , including purified cellulose itself . we found that wood - eating catfishes did indeed assimilate wood cellulose , but that assimilation had to have occurred via an intermediate pathway ( e . g . , fungi and bacteria living on the wood ) . we also found clear evidence of trophic partitioning among sympatric wood - grazing species .
despite these caveats , studies of habitat - mediated evolutionary rate shifts provide valuable historical tests of eco - evolutionary hypotheses . in this study , we examine the differential effects of water velocity on rates of diversification in a clade of neotropical river fishes commonly known as cascudinhos ( loricariidae : hypoptopomatinae ) , which vary in their preference for fast - vs . slow - flowing riverine habitats . fast - flowing waters in streams and rivers exhibit phylogenetically diverse fish assemblages with remarkable morphological convergences on a similar array of phenotypic specializations , such as dorsoventral depression , attachment organs , and surface - scraping jaws [ 16 , 17 ] .
among neotropical freshwater fishes , members of the family loricariidae , armoured catfishes , represent an excellent model to study the effects of landscape evolution on lineage diversification . loricariids inhabit most aquatic habitats and geographic regions of tropical south and central america . about 869 loricariid species are currently recognized as valid [ 26 ] , which makes this taxon the second - most species - rich family of neotropical freshwater fishes ( after characidae ) . loricariids also exhibit a broad range of ecological tolerances and geographic distributions . many species are extreme habitat or trophic specialists [ 27 ] – [ 31 ] , and many species are highly endemic , with small geographic ranges [ 16 ] , [ 22 ] , [ 33 ] .
previous video : beautiful african cichlid urltoken common / trade name : green phantom , hi fin green phantom scientific name : baryancistrus demantoides family : loricariidae location : venezuela - rio orinoco and rio ventauri max . size : 7 inches / 17 cm ph range : 6 . 0 - - 7 . 4 temperament : peaceful . good candidate for a community fish tank temperature range : 76 - 82° f care level : well acclimated specimens are quite hardy . smaller individuals are quite tolerant of each other but will become more territorial as they grow . this fish prefers well oxygenated water with plenty of hiding spots . they will readily accept dry and frozen foods and are great at scavenging leftovers . this species also comes in a blue variant .
96 . burress , e . d . , holcomb , j . m . , bonato , k . o . , & j . w . armbruster . 2016 . body size is negatively correlated with trophic position among minnows . royal society open science 3 : 150652 . pdf . 95 . burress , e . d . , holcomb , j . m . , & j . w armbruster . 2016 . ecological clustering within a diverse minnow assemblag e according to morphological , dietary and isotopic data . freshwater biology 61 : 328–339 . pdf 94 . armbruster , j . w . & n . k . lujan . 2016 . a new species of peckoltia from the upper orinoco ( siluriformes : loricariidae ) . zookeys 569 : 105–121 . pdf