chlamydastis perducta is a moth of the depressariidae family .

it is found in french guiana .

the wingspan is 24-26 mm for males and 34-36 mm for males .

the forewings are white , with some very minute scattered dark grey specks and with small oblique blackish spots on the costa at one-fourth , the middle and three-fourths .

the discal stigmata are blackish , projecting from the upper edge of a blackish median longitudinal streak from the base , almost interrupted by an oblique indentation of the upper edge , beneath the second discal stigma , beyond the cell somewhat bent down and running to the termen above the tornus , connected with the tornus by a short curved blackish line and almost interrupted beyond this .

there are faint obliquely curved transverse lines of greyish dots rising from the three costal spots , and a fourth close before the termen .

there are also some indistinct grey terminal dots .

the hindwings are grey .

chlamydastis perducta

agriophara perducta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 484 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
chlamydastis dominicae duckworth , 1969 ; smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 5 ; tl : 4 mi e of pont casse , dominica , lesser antilles
chlamydastis tryphon ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 112 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
chlamydastis habrolepis blanchard & knudson , 1986 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 88 : 185 ; tl : texas , cameron co . , laguna atascosa [ national wildlife refuge ]
chlamydastis platyspora ; bendicho - lopez & diniz , 2004 , j . lep . soc . 58 ( 2 ) : 75 - 79 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
stenoma acronitis busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 213 ; tl : st . jean , maroni river , french guiana
anamochla ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 517
agriophara ancalota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 486 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
apoclina meyrick , 1929 ² ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 516
stenoma vividella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 43 ; tl : la chorrera ; porto bello , panama
ptilogenes argocymba meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 232 ; tl : brazil , parintins
agriophara batrachopis meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 182 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo , 3500ft
agriophara bifida meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 541 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
ptilogenes byssophanes meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 230 ; tl : brazil , teffé ; peru , rio napo
agriophara caecata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 487 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
ptilogenes chionoptila meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 229 ; tl : brazil , teffé
chionosphena ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 45
agriophara chlorosticta meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 184 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo
agriophara complexa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 542 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
ptilogenes crateroptila meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 211 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
catarata curviliniella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 37 ; tl : trinidad river , panama
agriophara cystiodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 489 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
agriophara deflexa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 489 ; tl : french guiana , st . juan , r . maroni
ptilogenes deflua meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 210 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
agriophara discors meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 182 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo
agriophara disticha meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 488 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
ptilogenes dryosphaera meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 231 ; tl : brazil , teffé
ptilogenes elaeostola meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 257 , pl . 1 , f . 27 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil
stenoma epophrysta meyrick , 1909 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1909 ( 1 ) : 33 ; tl : peru , pozuzo
agriophara forcipata meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 183 ; tl : colombia , naranjito , r . dagua , 3900ft
ptilogenes funicularis meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 228 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
galeomorpha ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 44
gemina ( zeller , 1855 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 10 : 163 , pl . 1 , f . 7
ptilogenes ichthyodes meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 231 ; tl : peru , rio napo
ptilogenes illita meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 232 ; tl : peru , rio napo
agriophara inspectrix meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 542 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma lactis busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 216 ; tl : st . jean , maroni river , french guiana
leptobelisca ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 518
ptilogenes leucoplasta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 232 ; tl : brazil , teffé ; peru , iquitos
agriophara lichenias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 486 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
agriophara lithograpta meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 184 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo
ptilogenes melanometra meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 229 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 6600ft
agriophara melanonca meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 408 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
stenoma mendoron busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 214 ; tl : st . jean , maroni river , french guiana
agriophara metacymba meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 489 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
ptilogenes metacystis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 211 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
metamochla ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 45
agriophara mochlopa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 409 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma monastra meyrick , 1909 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1909 ( 1 ) : 33 ; tl : peru , pozuzo
cryptolechia morbida zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 277 , pl . 3 , f . 77 ; tl : chanchamayo
ptilogenes mysticopis meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 233 ; tl : peru , oconeque , carabaya , 7000ft
stenoma nestes busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 214 ; tl : st . jean , maroni river , french guiana
agriophara obnupta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 483 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
ptilogenes ommatopa meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 230 ; tl : colombia , rio siato , 5200ft ; san antonio , 6600ft ; bolivia , andes , 10000ft
agriophara ophiopa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 484 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
oxyplaga ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 518
agriophara paradromis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 408 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft
stenoma phytoptera busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 44 ; tl : trinidad , river , panama
larva on roupala montana bendicho - lopez , diniz & hay , 2003 , j . lep . soc . 57 ( 4 ) : 291
agriophara plocogramma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 407 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali
agriophara poliopa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 485 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft
ptilogenes praenubila meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 231 ; tl : brazil , teffé
ptilogenes prudentula meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 232 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas
agriophara ptilopa meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 183 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5000ft
rhomaeopa ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 43
agriophara scutellata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 487 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
agriophara smodicopa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 409 ; tl : brazil , fonte boa
spectrophthalma ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 302
diastoma squamosa walsingham , [ 1892 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1891 : 524 ; tl : west indies , st . vincent
ptilogenes stagnicolor meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 229 ; tl : brazil , teffé
steloglypta ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 44
ptilogenes strabonia meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 256 , pl . 1 , f . 26 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil
agriophara synedra meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 485 ; tl : paraguay
stenoma tritypa meyrick , 1909 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1909 ( 1 ) : 32 ; tl : peru , pozuzo
agriophara truncatula meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 185 ; tl : venezuela , ciudad bolivar
stenoma tryphon busck , 1920 ; insec . inscit . mentr . 8 : 89 ; tl : cayuga , guatemala
ungulifera ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( ptilogenes ) ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 517
agriophara xylinaspis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 407 ; tl : peru , conamano , r . ueuyali
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
ergebnisse einer zoologischen sammelreise nach brasilien , insbesonderer in das amazonasgebiet , ausgeführt von dr . h . zerny . v . theil . micro - lepidoptera
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
full text of
catalogue of the types specimens of microlepidoptera in the british museum ( natural history ) described by edward meyrick / by j . f . gates clarke
full text of
catalogue of the types specimens of microlepidoptera in the british museum ( natural history ) described by edward meyrick / by j . f . gates clarke


schizaphis minuta , also known as schizaphis ( schizaphis ) minuta , is an aphid in the superfamily aphidoidea in the order hemiptera .

it was originally found from tropical asian countries , but discovered from united states recently .

schizaphis minuta

family – aphididae subfamily – aphidinae tribe – aphidini aphis craccivora ( koch , 1854 ) aphis fabae solanella ( theobald , 1914 ) aphis gossypii ( glover , 1877 ) aphis nasturtii ( kaltenbach , 1843 ) aphis nerii ( boyer de fonscolombe , 1841 ) aphis spiraecola ( patch , 1914 ) hylopterus pruni ( geoffroy , 1762 ) hysteroneura setariae ( thomas ) melanaphis sacchari ( zehntner ) rhopalossiphum maidis ( fitch , 1859 ) rhopalossiphum padi l . , 1758 ) rhopalossiphum rufiabdominali ( sasaki ) schizaphis cyperi ( passerini 1874 ) schizaphis graminum ( rondoni , 1852 ) schizaphis hypersiphonata basu , 1970 schizaphis minuta ( van der goot ) toxoptera aurantii ( boyer de fonsocolombe , 1841 ) toxoptera citricidus ( kirkaldy ) toxoptera odinae ( van der goot )
schizaphis minuta - species dictionary - southern africa - observations - page 1 : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
twenty four species of aphids were found to occur on 116 species of host plants belonging to 35 families . the incidence of 101 host plants have not been reported earlier . eight species of aphids : aphis citrocolo v . d . goot . , greenidea ficicola tak . , hysteroneura setariae thom . , schizaphis minuta signoret . , tinocallis himalayansis g . g . and r . , tinocallis kahawaloukalani kirk . , toxoptera citricidus kirk . have been reported for the first time in bangladesh .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
( van der goot ) ( homoptera : aphididae ) , new to
by susan e . halbert , kenneth l . hibbard et al .
susan e . halbert , florida department of agriculture & consumer services , gainesville , fl kenneth l . hibbard , florida state collection of arthropods , bureau of entomology , division of plant industry , florida department of agriculture & consumer services , gainesville , fl david j . voegtlin , illinois natural history survey , 607 east peabody drive , champaign , il
published in insecta mundi volume 15 , no . 3 , september , 2001 . copyright © 2001 halbert , hibbard , and voegtlin . insecta mundi , published by the center for systematic entomology , is available online at urltoken .
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license
pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
this translation tool is powered by google . fao is not responsible for the accuracy of translations .
weed and non - weed host plant and aphids of eastern bangladesh . [ 1983 ]
weed and non - weed host plant and aphids of eastern bangladesh .
sri lanka reptile | a guide to reptile of sri lanka . . . www . srilankareptile . com . . . |
we believe that any data are open and can be used by all mankind to obtain knowledge . therefore our site information is opened to be used for your requirements by informing us . if it’s a publication , you should mention about our site and a copy should be sent to us .


brenthia thoracosema is a species of moth of the choreutidae family .

it was described by alexey diakonoff in 1982 .

it is found in sri lanka .

brenthia thoracosema

brenthia pavonacella , the peacock brenthia moth , is a moth of the choreutidae family .
brenthia thoracosema was described by diakonoff in 1982 from a female specimen collected in today ' s sri lanka ( see reference to the original description below ) . the holotype is deposited at the usnm ( see images ) .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html + rdfa 1 . 1 / / en
except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .
our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .
phillip christoph zeller ( 1867 ) choreutidae and crambina , collected in egypt , by the rev . o . p . cambridge , january to april , 1864 ; determined and the new species described urltoken
send mail to wvdvorst @ urltoken with questions or comments about this web site . copyright © 2015 urltoken lepidoptera of the world last modified : 01 - 03 - 15
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , world , . . . more
this page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .


ivanauskiella psamathias is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in bulgaria , russia ( southern ural , volga-don region , southern siberia ) , ukraine , mongolia , turkmenistan and north africa .

ivanauskiella psamathias

this is the place for ivanauskiella definition . you find here ivanauskiella meaning , synonyms of ivanauskiella and images for ivanauskiella copyright 2017 © urltoken
ivanauskiella ivinskis & piskunov , 1980 ; trudy akad . nauk litovskoi : 23 ; ts : ivanauskiella turkmenica ivinskis & piskunov
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word ivanauskiella . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word ivanauskiella and , of course , ivanauskiella synonyms and on the right images related to the word ivanauskiella .
cochylis sannitica trematerra , 1995 : nel & varenne ( 2017 ) [ source de la synonymie ] nel , j . & varenne , t . 2017 . ivanauskiella psamathias ( meyrick , 1891 ) = spatuncusella occitanica nel & varenne , 2013 , syn . nov . , et cochylis millierana ( peyerimhoff , 1877 ) , bona species , stat . rest . = cochylis sannitica trematerra , 1995 , syn . nov . ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae , tortricidae ) r . a . r . e . revue de l’association roussillonnaise d’entomologie , xxvi ( 1 ) : 13 - 16 .
cochylis millierana ( peyerimhoff , 1877 ) : nel & varenne ( 2017 ) [ source de l ' enregistrement ] nel , j . & varenne , t . 2017 . ivanauskiella psamathias ( meyrick , 1891 ) = spatuncusella occitanica nel & varenne , 2013 , syn . nov . , et cochylis millierana ( peyerimhoff , 1877 ) , bona species , stat . rest . = cochylis sannitica trematerra , 1995 , syn . nov . ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae , tortricidae ) r . a . r . e . revue de l’association roussillonnaise d’entomologie , xxvi ( 1 ) : 13 - 16 .
cochylis salebrana ( auct . non mann , 1862 ) : nel & varenne ( 2017 ) [ source de la synonymie ] nel , j . & varenne , t . 2017 . ivanauskiella psamathias ( meyrick , 1891 ) = spatuncusella occitanica nel & varenne , 2013 , syn . nov . , et cochylis millierana ( peyerimhoff , 1877 ) , bona species , stat . rest . = cochylis sannitica trematerra , 1995 , syn . nov . ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae , tortricidae ) r . a . r . e . revue de l’association roussillonnaise d’entomologie , xxvi ( 1 ) : 13 - 16 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .
a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !
a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .
mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel
identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
meyrick , 1891 a fortnight in algeria , with descriptions of new lepidoptera ent . mon . mag . 27 : 9 - 13 , 55 - 62
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
the gelechiid fauna of the southern ural mountains , part ii : list of recorded species with taxonomic notes ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) .
; nupponen , kari ; kaitila , jari - pekka ; nupponen , timo ; olschwang , vladimir .
, nupponen , k . , kaitila , j - p . , nupponen , t . , & olschwang , v . ( 2010 ) .
, nupponen k , kaitila j - p , nupponen t , olschwang v .
; nupponen , kari ; kaitila , jari - pekka ; nupponen , timo ; olschwang , vladimir . /
contact : university of copenhagen ku @ ku . dk tel . + 45 35 32 26 26
en poursuivant votre navigation sur ce site , vous acceptez l’utilisation de cookies pour vous proposer des contenus et services adaptés et réaliser des statistiques de visites . en savoir plus à propos des cookies .
: angiospermivora regier , c . mitter , kristensen , davis , van nieukerken , rota , simonsen , k . t . mitte , kawahara , yen , cummings & zwick , 2015
: euheteroneura regier , c . mitter , kristensen , davis , van nieukerken , rota , simonsen , k . t . mitte , kawahara , yen , cummings & zwick , 2015
cochylis salebrana ( auct . non mann , 1862 ) ( espèce cd _ nom = 247514 )
inventaire national du patrimoine naturel , site web : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .
for full functionality of researchgate it is necessary to enable javascript . here are the instructions how to enable javascript in your web browser .
. . . distribution . china ( gansu , hebei , inner mongolia , ningxia and qinghai ) , mongolia , russia : south ural ( junnilainen et al . 2010 ) , altai , south of krasnojarskiy krai , zabaikalskiy krai , amur region ( povolný 2002 ; ponomarenko 2008 ; bidzilya 2009 ) . remarks . . . .
. . . , scandinavia , russia ( southern ural ) ( ponomarenko 2008 ; huemer and karsholt 2010 ; junnilainen et al . 2010 ) . in ukraine it was known from lvov region only ( schille 1930 ) . . . .
. . . kf4 - monochroa nomadella ( zeller , 1868 ) neufund für den asiatischen teil russlands ! die art war bereits aus dem südural sowie der mongolei bekannt ( junnilainen et al . 2010 plutella sp . zwei arten der gattung plutella sind trotz aktueller revision der paläarktischen fauna ( baraniak 2007 ) vorerst unbestimmbar . . . .
. . . 4034av ) . biología : según la información que disponemos , la larva se alimenta de anthemis tinctoria l . y los adultos vuelan distribución : se distribuye por escandinavia y europa central ( elsner , 1999 ) : alemania , austria , cerdeña , escandinavia , eslovaquia , estonia , dinamarca , francia , hungría , italia , letonia , lituania , polonia , portugal , república checa , ucrania ; también se encuentra en turquía , asía central y el cáucaso ( junnilainen et al . , 2010 ) . detalles : siguiendo a vives moreno ( 2014 ) resulta nueva para españa , ya era conocida de portugal y habría que poner ( e . p . ) . . . .
. . . all the specimens from north of the alps that we have been able to cross - check are correctly attributed to caryocolum amaurella . however , recent records from ukraine ( bidzilya and budashkin 2009 ) and russia ( southern ural mountains ) ( junnilainen et al . 2010 ) have to be re - examined due to a possible mix - up with caryocolum crypticum . records from switzerland are dubious , and at least in one instance refer to the new species , whereas those from france ( nel 2003 ) are confirmed ( see huemer and karsholt 2010 , fig . 154c ) . . . .
. . . in the male genitalia , f . spurcella has the sacculus longer than the valva , the saccus is shorter than in f . algarbiella and the phallus lacks the conspicuous horn - like carina . two other species of filatima from easternmost parts of europe are also similar ( junnilainen et al . , 2010 ) . f . transsilvanella z . kovács & s . kovács , 2001 has slightly lighter coloured forewing . . . .
beautiful gelechiid moths - aristotelia baltica a . šulcs & i . šulcs , 1983 , stat . n . and related species ( gelechiidae )
a new endemic species of monochroa from the south - western alps ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) .
the holarctic genus agonochaetia is reviewed and a new species is described from québec , canada . in addition , a new related genus and species is described from the canary islands . comparative diagn…
[ more ]
the gelechiid fauna of the southern ural mountains , part i : descriptions of seventeen new species ( l . . .
this paper is the first in a two - part series treating the family gelechiidae from the southern ural mountains , including newly described species . the material was collected during 1996–2007 on 21 different finnish - russian expeditions . catatinagma rebel , 1903 , stat . rev . , is removed from synonymy of apatetris staudinger , 1879 , and is now considered valid . two generic names are synonymized : . . . [ show full abstract ]
the cochylid fauna of the southern ural mountains , with description of cochylimorpha ignicolorana ju . . .
a list of 78 species of the tortricoid tribe cochylini from the southern ural mountains is presented . the material was collected during 1996–2000 on nine different finnish - russian expeditions . cochylimorpha ignicolorana junnilainen & k . nupponen sp . n . is described . the new taxon occurs on dry steppe slopes in the headland region of the southern urals , and it is rather easy to separate from . . . [ show full abstract ]
the scythridid fauna of the southern ural mountains , with description of fourteen new species ( lepid . . .
a list of 37 species of the family scythrididae from the southern ural mountains is presented . the material was collected during 1996 - 1999 in five different finnish - russian expeditions . fourteen new species are described by varying combination of authors : scythris acipenserella k . & t . nupponen sp . n . , s . aegrella k . nupponen & junnilainen sp . n . , s . albisaxella k . & t . nupponen sp . n . , s . . . . [ show full abstract ]
the elachistidae fauna of the southern ural area , russia , is outlined . a total of 51 species are listed , four of which remain unidentified to species level . six species are described as new : elachista ( aphelosetia ) olschwangi kaila sp . n . , e . ( a . ) arduella kaila sp . n . , e . ( a . ) gibbera kaila sp . n . , e . ( a . ) chamaea kaila sp . n . , e . ( a . ) acutella kaila sp . n . and e . ( elachista ) devexella kaila . . . [ show full abstract ]
2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by dr ole karsholt
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license
pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more


chrysopelea , more commonly known as the flying snake or gliding snake , is a genus that belongs to the family colubridae .

flying snakes are mildly venomous , though the venom is dangerous only to their small prey .

their range is in southeast asia ( the mainland ( vietnam , cambodia , and laos ) , greater and lesser sundas , maluku , and the philippines ) , southernmost china , india , and sri lanka .

chrysopelea

chrysopelea taprobanica smith 1943 : 254 chrysopelea taprobanica — das 1996 : 55 chrysopelea taprobanica — janzen et al . 2007 chrysopelea taprobanica — wallach et al . 2014 : 169
chrysopelea rhodopleuron boie 1827 : 547 chrysopelea rhodopleuron — duméril & bibron 1854 : 1045 leptophis doleschalii jan ( catalogue name ) chrysopelea rhodopleuron — iskandar & erdelen 2006 chrysopelea rhodopleuron — wallach et al . 2014 : 168 chrysopelea rhodopleuron viridis fischer 1880 chrysopelea viridis fischer 1880 : 222 chrysopelea rhodopleuron viridis — de lang & vogel 2005 chrysopelea rhodopleuron viridis — koch 2012
coluber ornatus shaw 1802 : 477 coluber ibibiboca daudin 1802 ( fide smith 1943 ) chrysopelea ornata — boie 1827 chrysopelea ornata — duméril & bibron 1854 : 1042 chrysopelea ornata — wall 1921 : 305 chrysopelea ornata — smith 1943 : 251 chrysopelea ornata lankavae deraniyagala 1945 chrysopelea ornata lankave — kandamby 1997 chrysopelea ornata — cox et al . 1998 : 66 chrysopelea ornata — murthy 2010 chrysopelea ornata — wallach et al . 2014 : 167 chrysopelea ornate — chan - ard et al . 2015 : 193 ( in error ) chrysopelea ornata ornatissima werner , 1925 chrysopelea ornata ornatissima werner , 1925 : 61 chrysopelea ornata ornatissima — chan - ard et al . 1999 : 160 chrysopelea ornata — sang et al . 2009
coluber pelias linnaeus 1758 : 224 chrysochlora pelias — andersson 1899 : 34 ( lapsus calami pro chrysopelea ) chrysopelea pelias — smith 1930 chrysopelea erythrochloris schlegel 1826 ( nomen nudum ) dendrophis ornata ( nec coluber ornatus shaw ) schlegel 1837 chrysopelea hasseltii bleeker ( 1860 chrysopelea erythrochloris — bleeker 1860 chrysopelea erythromelas boie 1827 ( nomen nudum ) chrysopelea pelias ( linnaeus ) mertens 1968 dendrophis chrysochloros schlegel 1837 chrysopelea chrysochlora — boulenger 1896 chrysopelea ornata var . günther 1864 leptophis ornatus — cantor 1847 ( nec coluber ornatus shaw 1802 ) chrysopelea ornata var . — günther 1864 : 299 chrysopelea chrysochlora — malkmus 1985 chrysopelea pelias — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 334 chrysopelea pelias — cox et al . 1998 : 66 chrysopelea pelias — schmidt 2012 chrysopelea pelias — wallach et al . 2014 : 168
katja schulz selected
chrysopelea paradisi
to show in overview on
chrysopelea paradisi boie 1827
.
chrysopelea pelias has an overlapping range with the paradise tree snake ( chrysopelea paradisi ) in malaysia , singapore , borneo and indonesia . however , chrysopelea pelias is not nearly as common as the paradise tree snake .
bitten by the
flying
tree snake , chrysopelea paradisi . - pubmed - ncbi
gliding flight in chrysopelea : turning a snake into a wing . - pubmed - ncbi
name : chrysopelea paradisi . paradise tree snake . also called “paradise flying snake . ”
leo shapiro added text to
brief summary
on
chrysopelea paradisi boie 1827
.
chrysopelea paradisi , like all other snakes , are carnivorous reptiles that consume their prey whole .
golder , friedrich 1989 . eine übersicht uber die gattung chrysopelea und die haltung und fortpflanzung von chrysopelea ornata ornatissima . litteratura serpentium 9 ( 2 ) : 86 - 87 - get paper here
leo shapiro selected
brief summary
to show in overview on
chrysopelea paradisi boie 1827
.
leo shapiro selected
range description
to show in overview on
chrysopelea paradisi boie 1827
.
chrysopelea paradisi is one of five species of tropical lowland tree snakes of southern and southeast asia that together comprise the genus chrysopelea , the
flying snakes
. chrysopelea snakes are on the order of 0 . 6–1 . 2 m in length , with a body mass ranging from tens to a few hundred grams .
kingdom : animalia phylum : chordata class : reptilia order : squamata suborder : serpentes family : colubridae subfamily : colubrinae genus : chrysopelea species : c . paradisi binomial name – chrysopelea paradisi classified by boie , in the year 1827
golder , f . 1985 . eine übersicht über die gattung chrysopelea ( boie , 1826 ) und die haltung und fortpflanzung von chrysopelea ornata ornatissima ( werner , 1925 ) . sauria 7 ( 3 ) : 23 - 28 - get paper here
bulian , joachim 1997 . a problematic terrarium animal ? remarks on chrysopelea ornata ornatissima . litteratura serpentium 17 ( 3 ) : 52 - 57
kannan , p . 2006 . record of ornate flying snake chrysopelea ornata ( shaw ) in mudumalai wildlife sanctuary , southern india . cobra 63 : 13
the paradise tree snake , chrysopelea paradisi , is a rear - fanged colubrid . like other members of the genus chrysopelea , it is able to glide through the air , and thus , is commonly known as a
flying snake .
there are few documented effects of its bite on humans .
vogel , g . & grossmann , w . 1993 . chrysopelea pelias ( linnaeus ) . sauria 15 ( 1 ) : 2 - get paper here
this video illustrates the gliding behavior of the flying snake , or chrysopelea , involving the takeoff and aerial phase of the trajectory . ( no audio ) .
ahmad , faysal and shayer mahmood ibney alam . 2015 . geographic distribution : chrysopelea ornata ( ornate flying snake ) . herpetological review 46 ( 4 ) : 572
zäpernick , p . & w . denzer 1982 . bissverletzungen durch eine trugnatter - chrysopelea ornata . sauria 4 ( 4 ) : 15 - 16 - get paper here
grossmann , w . 1999 . große echsen als beute der schmuckbaumschlange chrysopelea ornata ornatissima werner , 1925 . sauria 21 ( 3 ) : 3 - 6 - get paper here
steehouder , a . m . 1985 . unsuccessful effort to incubate eggs of chrysopelea ornata ornatissima . litteratura serpentium 5 ( 4 ) : 166 - 167 - get paper here
gliding flight in the paradise tree snake ( chrysopelea paradisi ) , one of five species of ' flying ' snakes found in southeast asia . copyright dr . jake socha .
content : four genera containing 56 species . ahaetulla ( 8 species ) , chrysopelea ( 5 species ) , dendrelaphis ( 41 species ) , and dryophiops ( 2 species ) .
chrysopelea rhodopleuron viridis was described from one specimen that has been destroyed during world war ii ( fide tillack in sauria 28 ( 2 ) : 42 ) . it’s status is unclear .
with the help of colleagues michael labarbera , professor of organismal biology and anatomy at chicago , and tony o ' dempsey , an expert in photogrammetry , socha used 3 - d flight information from the synchronized recordings of two video cameras to digitally reconstruct the trajectories , speed and body postures of chrysopelea paradisi , or paradise tree snake , and chrysopelea ornata , golden tree snake .
with the help of colleagues michael labarbera , professor of organismal biology and anatomy at chicago , and tony o ' dempsey , an expert in photogrammetry , socha used 3 - d flight information from the synchronized recordings of two video cameras to digitally reconstruct the trajectories , speed and body postures of chrysopelea paradisi , or paradise tree snake , and chrysopelea ornata , golden tree snake .
turning is just one manifestation of maneuverability , which includes the ability to adjust speed ( dudley 2002 ) . although turning has been commonly observed in c . paradisi , it is not known whether chrysopelea can volitionally alter speed . this might be most useful in landing , as lower speeds would reduce impact forces , but limited data suggest that chrysopelea do not appreciably decelerate prior to landing .
ingle , mukesh 2010 . first locality record of chrysopelea ornata shaw , 1802 from kheonae wildlife sanctuary , dewas , madhya pradesh . reptile rap ( 10 ) : 5 - 6 - get paper here
leviton , a . e . 1964 . contributions to a review of philippine snakes . iv . the genera chrysopelea and dryophis . philippine j . sci . 93 : 131 - 145 - get paper here
nurngsomsri , pechrkawin , yodchaiy chuaynkern , chantip chuaynkern , pongsathorn thongpun and prateep duengkae . 2014 . geographic distribution : chrysopelea ornata ( golden tree snake ) . herpetological review 45 ( 2 ) : 284 - 285
somaweera , ruchira ; davi lima pantoja & v . deepak 2015 . forgotten records of chrysopelea taprobanica smith , 1943 ( squamata : colubridae ) from india . zootaxa 3947 ( 4 ) : 597–600 - get paper here
ecology asia . 2012 . paradise tree snake . urltoken . ( accessed september 2012 ) . uetz , p . ( editor ) . the reptile database : chrysopelea paradisi . urltoken . ( accessed september 2012 ) .
most animals that glide do so with fixed wings or a wing - like part . but not the
flying snakes
of southeast asia , india and southern china - at least five members of the genus chrysopelea .
bulian , j 1999 . allgemeine anmerkungen zur gelegegröße , sowie angaben über ein außergewöhnlich großes gelege von chrysopelea ornata ornatissima werner , 1925 ( serpentes : colubridae ) . sauria 21 ( 2 ) : 37 - 38 - get paper here
the paradise tree snake is one of the world ' s five species of flying snakes , all from the genus chrysopelea . to be precise , they are gliders , not actual flyers like birds and bats that achieve powered flight .
the twin - barred tree snake ( chrysopelea pelias ) is a species of snake found in southeast asia . it is also called the banded flying snake . it can glide , as with all species of its genus chrysopelea , by stretching the body into a flattened strip using its ribs . it is mostly found in moist forests and can cover a horizontal distance of about 100 metres in a glide from the top of a tree . it is an oviparous snake .
snakes aren ' t usually renowned for their ability to fly , but chrysopelea snakes from southeast asia regularly launch themselves from trees into the air gliding for 10s of meters before touch down . in a bid to understand how . . .
wall , f . 1908 . a popular treatise on the common indian snakes . part vi . the golden tree - snake ( chrysopelea ornata ) . j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 : 227 - 243 - get paper here
guptha , bubesh ; nimmakayala venkata sivaram prasad , simon t . maddock , v . deepak 2015 . first record of chrysopelea taprobanica smith , 1943 ( squamata : colubridae ) from india . check list 11 ( 1 ) : 1523 - get paper here
narayanan , surya ; naveen joseph , ranjith kumar , and arul vengatesan 2017 . occurrence of the sri lankan flying snake chrysopelea cf . taprobanica ( smith 1943 ) in tamil nadu , india . ircf reptiles & amphibians 24 ( 1 ) : 58 - 60 - get paper here
melvinselvan , gnanaselvan ; das nibedita 2016 . an observation on fish predation by ornate flying snake , chrysopelea ornata shaw 1802 ( serpentes : colubridae ) , from southern western ghats , tamil nadu , india russ . j . herpetol . 23 ( 4 ) : 311 - 314 - get paper here
tissue samples for boiga siamensis fmnh267726 , chrysopelea ornata lsuhc7158 , and psammodynastes pictus fmnh267940 were represented by clear chromatograms , but placed poorly in preliminary phylogenetic trees , so they were not included in the final data matrix . tropidolaemus subannulatus ku327425 was identified as a rogue taxon by roguenarok and was pruned from the dataset and thus , is not represented in the phylogeny .
two general types of take - off behavior were observed in chrysopelea paradisi : looped take - offs in which the snake formed a single vertical loop and jumped from the branch , and non - looped take - offs in which the snake simply released the branch , either with or without a preceding movement of the anterior body or entire body . vertically looped take - offs are different from other types of movements described in snakes and may represent an evolutionary locomotor novelty . c . ornata and c . pelias also use j - loop take - offs ( socha , 2002b ) with no general differences in behavior ; it seems likely that if other chrysopelea species are aerial locomotors , that they use this type of take - off as well .
distribution : possibly in bhutan ( lenz 2012 ) . not on pulau tioman according to grossmann & tillack 2004 . not on sulawesi fide de lang & vogel 2005 . reports from indonesia represent c . paradisi ( vogel , pers . comm . ) behavior : diurnal . type species : coluber ornatus shaw 1802 is the type species of the genus chrysopelea boie in schlegel 1826 .
i observed a total of 21 wild - caught chrysopelea paradisi boie in singapore . snakes ranged from 3 . 0 to 82 . 7 g in mass and from 31 . 0 to 86 . 5 cm in snout - vent length ( svl ) . the smallest snake was a young juvenile , with an estimated age of 2 - 4 months ( mundkur , 1978 ) ; the largest snakes were fully developed adults . both males and females were used .
chrysopelea snakes are best known for their remarkable gliding abilities . at least four of the five species are known to be capable of gliding ( according to socha [ 2011 ] , gliding has been studied under experimental conditions in c . ornata , c . paradisi , and c . pelias ; c . rhodopleuron , which occurs in sulawesi and the moluccas , has also been observed to glide , but the gliding abilities of the sri lankan endemic c . taprobanica are unknown ) .
our analyses resulted in new topologies at higher - and lower - levels ; resolved several previous topological issues ; established novel paraphyletic affiliations ; designated a new subfamily , ahaetuliinae , for the genera ahaetulla , chrysopelea , dendrelaphis , and dryophiops ; and appointed hemerophis ( coluber ) zebrinus to a new genus , mopanveldophis . although we provide insight into some distinguished problematic nodes , at the deeper phylogenetic scale , resolution of these nodes may require sampling of more slowly - evolving nuclear genes .
the non - looped take - offs , the dive and the fall , are the least kinematically complex . other arboreal snakes are known to occasionally fall from the trees [ especially when hanging over a body of water ( e . g . shelford , 1906 ) ] , and it is likely that they use similar behaviors to drop from a perch . these take - offs seem to require no specialization ; as such , the dive and fall likely represent phylogenetically primitive behaviors in chrysopelea .
body shape of the flying snake chrysopelea paradisi . ( a ) airborne snake in ventral view ( photo : j . j . s . ) . ( b ) lateral / ventral view showing the triangular dorsal surface and the two ventrally projecting lateral edges ( from miklasz et al . , 2010 ) . ( c ) cross - sectional geometry used in this study ( from socha , 2011 ) . the model was rapid prototyped from abs plastic with a chord , c , of 25 . 4 mm .
the size and behavior variables quantified for analysis are given in table 1 . snout - vent length , mass , projected area , wing loading and the square - root of wing loading were used as metrics of size . the projected area of the entire snake , measured from photographs of the snake ' s ventral silhouette in mid - trajectory , was used to calculate wing loading . mid - flight photographs were needed for these calculations because airborne chrysopelea have a different cross - sectional shape relative to their non - flight configuration .
although its gliding performance of chrysopelea is surprising for its body plan , the snake itself does not appear in any way morphologically exceptional or unique . it is a typical snake , with no appendages , skin flaps , or other features that other animals employ in flying . instead , the snake undergoes aerial locomotion by using its entire body as a flattened , moving wing , constantly reconfiguring throughout flight . in this review , i focus largely on the kinematics of gliding from takeoff to landing , and present new information on the shape of the body , which appears to play a prominent role in creating favorable aerodynamics in the snake’s gliding flight .
given their trajectories , it is clear that chrysopelea produce significant aerodynamic forces , but we are only beginning to understand the role of specific features of their glides . the snake’s cross - sectional shape is unusual for an airfoil , but its fore–aft symmetry may be beneficial for producing relatively uniform forces . during aerial undulation , the snake continuously reconfigures its body during a glide ; it is a true morphing wing . as the traveling wave moves posteriorly down the body , a local body segment effectively reverses orientation . this means that the leading edge becomes a trailing edge roughly every 400 ms . the snake’s fore–aft symmetrical cross - sectional shape may be ideally suited for producing sufficient force independent of orientation .
in addition to variability in flight behavior , flying snakes also exhibit variation in body size and shape among different species and through ontogeny . in addition to becoming less flattened during flight than c . paradisi ( socha , 2002a ) , c . ornata reaches larger body size in both length and mass ( mertens , 1968 ) . body size has pervasive effects on organismal function ( schmidt - nielson , 1984 ) , and scaling effects on flight performance have been shown in gliding lizards , one of the few gliders in which flight trajectories have received detailed study ( mcguire , 1998 ) . therefore , in addition to effects of flight behavior , the potential effects of size and shape on flight performance also deserve attention in chrysopelea .
a study has revealed exactly how gliding snakes [ genus chrysopelea ] contort their bodies to cover a great deal of ground after leaping into the air . urltoken urltoken when it leaps off a high tree branch , it rotates its ribs forwards and upwards , making its body double in width . this transforms it into a much flatter , aerodynamic shape similar to an airplane wing . it moves its head back and forth , which passes waves down its body like its swimming in air . professor jake socha carried out the study by creating a plastic copy of the snake ' s cross section and placing it in a tank of flowing water and gathering data on the way the water moves around it using lasers and high - speed cameras . subscribe to the daily conversation urltoken facebook urltoken google + urltoken twitter urltoken
in many cases , denser sampling influenced phylogenetic relationships and node support [ 117 ] . for example , adding 30 samples of 18 species ( 14 never before sequenced ) to ahaetuliinae , resolved the basal colubrinae node and distinguished ahaetuliinae as a new subfamily . increased taxon sampling also resolved several paraphyletic issues at the generic level , identified new associations of paraphyly , mostly due to poor gene sampling , resulted in new phylogenetic hypotheses for some taxa such as scaphiophis , stichophanes + thermophis , and xerotyphlops , and prompted us to make some taxonomic changes . moreover , our sequencing contribution resulted in complete or nearly complete taxonomic coverage of several genera , including ahaetulla , asthenodipsas , chrysopelea , dendroaspis , dryocalamus , dryophiops , phrynonax , ptyas , and ungaliophis , and greatly increased representation of species of the speciose genera boiga and dendrelaphis . nonetheless , many challenges exist to estimating the snake tree of life .
rotation of the ribs in one form of dorsoventral flattening in chrysopelea paradisi . in handling c . paradisi , i found that certain specimens would dorsoventrally flatten using apparent deep ventilatory movements , forming a body shape that is similar , although not as pronounced , to those seen in fig . 4 . this specimen was radiographed using medical x - rays at the university of chicago medical center in normal ( a ) and dorsoventrally flattened ( b ) conditions , with the dorsum apposed to the plate . in ( a ) , the snake’s body was rotated slightly along the axis , resulting in a radiograph in which the vertebral column was not symmetrically aligned , as in ( b ) . the net effect of the dorsoventral flattening shown in this projection is an anterior rotation of the ribs of about 25° , as depicted in ( c ) . the actual three - dimensional rotation of the ribs during gliding is unknown .
theoretically , given sufficient space , a glider should reach an equilibrium state with steady speed and glide angle , at values determined by coefficients of lift and drag and by weight . however , equilibrium gliding has not yet been identified unequivocally in chrysopelea . the bulk of data on trajectories derive from glides from a launch height of 10 m , but even at a height of 15 m , equilibrium was not observed in two specimens of c . paradisi ( socha et al . 2010 ) . a first - order theoretical model of gliding suggests that snakes should require 3 . 3–6 . 6 s to reach equilibrium , but glides from 15 m took roughly 3 s , suggesting that greater launch heights are required to reach equilibrium , if indeed snakes glide in this fashion . this analysis of equilibrium gliding assumes passive dynamics , but gliders can actively modulate forces during flight ( bishop 2006 , 2007 ) , and the use and relevance of equilibrium in gliders in the wild is still an open question ( byrnes et al . 2008 ) .
what determines glide performance in chrysopelea ? the relevant aerodynamic parameters include orientation of the body and its changes during aerial undulation , cross - sectional shape , skin texture , and body size . two general approaches have provided complementary means to address this issue . the first examines correlates of glide performance within an individual and within a species , and compares differences among species ( socha and labarbera 2005 ) . the second uses physical and computational models to isolate physical effects of individual features ( miklasz et al . 2010 ) . the latter approach is a more precise way to control individual variables and provides greater physical insight , but is limited both by difficulty of making accurate models ( e . g . , replicating the snake’s complex three - dimensional undulation ) and by our incomplete understanding of the actual features of gliding snakes . a third approach would be to test performance on manipulated snakes , for example by temporarily paralyzing the tail or by adding weights to the body to examine the effects of distribution of mass , but such studies have not yet been undertaken .
we performed phylogenetic analyses on the 10 - gene concatenated matrix using the maximum likelihood ( ml ) criterion in the program raxml hpc - 2 v8 [ 74 ] on the cipres portal ( urltoken ; [ 75 ] ) . first , we analyzed each gene separately to check topological congruence by performing rapid bootstrap analyses and pruned misplaced taxa with suspect placement out of the alignment , before concatenating them into the final alignment . the following five species were removed from the alignment due to poor placement for all genes : boiga siamensis fmnh267726 , chrysopelea ornata lsuhc7158 , dipsadoboa werneri , emydocephalus ijmae , and psammodynastes pictus fmnh267940 . we conducted analyses by generating starting trees under the default parsimony model and obtained node support from 100 non - parametric bootstrap replicates using the gtrgamma model for all genes and codon partitions since the gtrgamma model is recommended over gtr + γ + i as the 25 rate categories implemented with gtrgamma accounts for potentially invariant sites [ 76 ] . after concatenating the genes , we performed a rapid bootstrap analysis on the data partitioned by gene and codon position and obtained node support from 1000 non - parametric bootstrap replicates using the gtrgamma model .
baker , n . & k . k . p . lim , 2008 . wild animals of singapore . a photographic guide to mammals , reptiles , amphibians and freshwater fishes . draco publishing and distribution pte ltd and nature society ( singapore ) . 180 pp . chua , m . a . h . & k . k . p . lim , 2011 . gliding snakes chrysopelea spp . pp . 272 . in : ng , p . k . l . , r . t . corlett & h . t . w . tan ( editors ) , singapore biodiversity . an encyclopedia of the natural environment and sustainable development . editions didier millet , singapore , 552 pp . cox , m . j . , p . p . van dijk , j . nabhitabhata & k . thirakhupt , 2010 . a photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of peninsular malaysia , singapore and thailand . new holland ( publishers ) ltd . 144 pp . das , i . , 2010 . a field guide to the reptiles of south - east asia . new holland publishers ( uk ) ltd . 376 pp . lim , k . k . p . & f . l . k . lim , 2002 . a guide to the amphibians & reptiles of singapore . singapore science centre . 160 pp .
the body shape of chrysopelea paradisi at rest ( a ) and in the air ( b–h ) . at rest , the snake displays a typical cylindrical shape . the white dot indicates the scale row that becomes the lateral - most edge of the flattened body in ventral view , which can be seen in ( b ) . in the air , the snake takes a roughly triangular cross - sectional shape with a concave ventral surface , defined by two “lips” at each lateral edge . images in ( b–h ) are photographs of the aerial snake showing ventral ( b , c , h and i ) , dorsal ( d and e ) , and lateral ( f ) aspects . the pair of arrows in ( c ) indicates the location of the heart ; this was verified in separate high - speed video trials by manually palpating the heart and marking its location with nontoxic paint . the arrow in ( f ) indicates irregular bumps in the posterior body , which appear to be digesta . stereophotos ( b , h and i ) were taken with a coupled pair of nikon f5 and f100 film cameras , lit by strobed flash triggered when the snake crossed an infrared beam . the scale bars ( b , c , f and i ) represent 1 cm . ( g ) hypothesized cross - sectional shape of an airborne c . paradisi at midbody .
most flying or gliding animals rely on a symmetrical pair of wing - like structures to generate lift , the force that opposes gravity and keeps the flier aloft . but ` flying ' tree snakes have no wings or any other obvious structures that might help them fly , explains jake socha , a biologist at argonne national laboratory , illinois . little was known about these enigmatic creatures until socha , then a graduate student at the university of chicago , set out for singapore in search of the elusive paradise tree snake ( p . 1817 and p . 1835 ) . aside from a desire to see up close the marvel of a flying snake in action , he was compelled by the question : how do they do it ?
to answer this , socha needed to describe the kinematics of snake flight . luckily , with the help of local volunteers , catching paradise tree snakes wasn ' t too hard . but capturing their flights on videotape ` was a nontrivial process , ' says socha . he coaxed the stubborn snakes to jump from 10 m high towers set up in the singapore zoological gardens . tony o ' dempsey , an expert on photogrammetric techniques , helped socha extract 3 - d flight information from the synchronized recordings of two video cameras . ` finding tony was a stroke of luck ' , says socha ; the 3 - d information was crucial in reconstructing the flying snakes ' aerial trajectories , speed and body postures .
socha found that paradise tree snakes are true gliders , and pretty good ones at that . rather than simply parachuting to the ground , these cylindrical - bodied snakes somehow generate enough lift to carry them across a substantial horizontal distance . socha suspected that the unusually dynamic flight behavior of the snakes might be responsible ; while flying , the snakes create distinctive s - shaped aerial waves that travel from head to tail . to test this , he correlated the snakes ' wave amplitude and frequency with flight performance variables . he found that snakes with the greatest combination of body length and wave amplitude ( relative to body size ) travelled fastest ; but the largest snakes were not necessarily the ones making the biggest waves . while wave amplitude is important , socha found that the frequency of these waves appears to play little or no role in producing aerodynamic forces during flight . so why do snakes undulate so frequently ? socha suggests that it may provide stability , keeping the snakes from spinning out of control .
given that body size influences flight performance in other animals , socha correlated snake body size with flight parameters and found that smaller snakes are generally better gliders . he also found that the paradise tree snake is a better glider than its larger , stockier cousin , the golden tree snake . but socha noticed that paradise tree snakes tend to flatten their body more during flight , suggesting that body shape may also be a key factor in snake flight aerodynamics .
socha has only begun to unravel the mysteries of snake flight . he is now working on physical and computational models to test more specifically how a snake ' s shape , size , and behavior influence flight dynamics . ultimately , he hopes to understand how differences in morphology and flight performance might influence ecological differences between flying snake species . this will require more field studies , but luckily for socha , ` the thrill of watching snakes fly is something that never gets old . '
socha , j . j . , o ' dempsey , t . and labarbera , m .
thank you for your interest in spreading the word on journal of experimental biology .
note : we only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it , and that it is not junk mail . we do not capture any email address .
message body ( your name ) thought you would like to see the journal of experimental biology web site .
photo credit : t . - c . francis pan some oyster larvae grow faster than others , but now donal t . manahan and colleagues reveal that the fastest growers are marked out by their high protein synthesis rates .
“one of the underappreciated benefits of fellowships is the act of applying for them , because you have to write and articulate your ideas . ”
in our latest early - career interview , we chat to simon sponberg , assistant professor at the georgia institute of technology , usa . he shares the story of his career , beginning with how he combined a love of physics and biology by studying how geckos stick to walls .
a new review from craig p . mcgowan and clint e . collins looks at the ecology , biomechanics and evolution of bipedal hopping in mammals , with a focus on why bipedal hopping has arisen in multiple clades of mammals .
photo credit : ari friedlaender not all orca species prey on aquatic mammals , so how do delphinids know when they are at risk ? a new study shows that pilot whales and risso’s dolphins flee from a subset of orca calls that share acoustic characteristics with other mammal alarm calls , including human screams . this article was featured in science magazine .
at the heart of prelights is the community of early - career researchers who select and highlight interesting preprints in various fields . we are now ready to grow our team of prelighters who are passionate about preprints and enjoy writing and communicating science . find out more here and apply by the extended deadline , 20 july 2018 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
it seems size does matters after all . but for flying snakes , smaller is better , according to university of chicago researchers .
in the may 15 , 2005 , issue of the journal of experimental biology , scientists described the effects of size and behavior of flying snakes , and found that the smaller animals were better gliders .
despite their lack of wing - like appendages , flying snakes are skilled aerial locomotors ,
said lead scientist and author jake socha , phd , who has been studying these unique creatures for the past eight years .
in this study , socha , who also is a biologist at argonne national laboratory , found that paradise tree snakes are true gliders , traveling further horizontally than dropping vertically . the best flight socha recorded traveled 13 degrees from the horizon at the end of its trajectory .
socha correlated 19 performance variables , such as glide angle and horizontal speed , of the snake ' s flight with 16 size and behavior variables , such as mass and snout - vent length , of the animal ' s body . he found that body length and wave amplitude are important predictors of flight behavior , but wave frequency was not .
these high - amplitude undulations visually dominate the behavior , yet their frequency is unrelated to the snake ' s glide performance ,
socha said .
so why do they undulate ? socha and labarbera suggest it ' s for stability . just as a person who makes small balancing adjustments while walking on a beam , a flying snake might continuously make adjustments to maintain controlled flight .
all other gliders , such as flying squirrels or lizards or gliding birds , maintain a constant wing structure , unlike these flying snakes that whip their bodies through the air .
although all of these other animals may make small adjustments while gliding , none are as dramatic , rhythmic and dynamic as the flying snake .
during his first study , published in nature in august 2002 , socha described a few aerodynamic features of the paradise tree snake - - one of five snake species that are purported to
fly .
he videotaped and photographed various snakes taking off from a 33 - foot - high tower in an open field at the singapore zoological gardens . he positioned two video cameras to record in stereo , enabling the 3 - d reconstruction of the head , midpoint and vent coordinates of the snake throughout its trajectory .
socha found that the snake uses its ribs to change its body shape ; it flattens from head to vent . the snake takes control of its flight by undulating through the air in a distinctive s - shape as if swimming - - moving the tail up and down and side - to - side . while gliding , these snakes make turns up to 90 degrees and always seemed to land without injury .
the researchers now are looking more closely at the aerodynamic issues . they plan to use physical and computer models to study the more complex kinematics of these gliders .
to collect and study these snakes , socha traveled to singapore twice and thailand once with grants from national geographic committee for research and exploration .
most flying snakes grow 3 to 4 feet long and live in the trees in the lowland tropical rainforests of south and southeast asia . their temperament varies from species to species , and from individual to individual , but all five species of flying snakes are in the colubridae family and officially are classified as harmless .
flying snakes secrete mild venom that is only dangerous to their small prey . they are diurnal and opistoglyphous , or rear - fanged . these back teeth measure only 2 to 3 millimeters long and each has a small groove that runs along the fang ' s outer edge , where the venom drips down and into the prey . whether or not the snake ' s choice of prey is related to its gliding ability is unknown .
the university of chicago medicine communications 950 e . 61st street , third floor chicago , il 60637 phone ( 773 ) 702 - 0025 fax ( 773 ) 702 - 3171
the university of chicago medicine 5841 s . maryland avenue chicago , il 60637 | 773 - 702 - 1000
a selection of top articles hand - picked by our editors available only to registered users .
life imitates arcade game . the flying snakes of south - east asia flatten their cylindrical bodies when they glide – in cross - section , they are shaped like flying saucers from the classic space invaders game the surprise is that this is extremely aerodynamic .
jake socha of virginia tech in blacksburg and his colleagues created a model of a mid - body slice of a paradise tree snake , and placed it in a tank filled with flowing water . this allowed them to model how air would flow around it .
the flying saucer shape was much more aerodynamic than socha expected , producing forces that , in air , would allow it to maintain near - maximum lift . in fact , it outperformed conventional aerofoil designs , such as those used for aircraft wings .
but there’s no need for the aircraft industry to update its planes , says socha . the ufo shape works better than our conventional designs only for small objects that glide relatively slowly – objects about the size of a snake , in fact . scale the design up to the size and speed of a jumbo jet , and the airflow no longer provides good lift .
“if you tried to scale it up to make the wing of a passenger plane , it would be a terrible idea , ” says socha ( journal of experimental biology , urltoken ) .
it seems size does matters after all . but for flying snakes , smaller is better , according to university of chicago researchers . in the may 15 , 2005 , issue of the journal of experimental biology , scientists described the effects of size and behavior of flying snakes , and found that the smaller animals were better gliders .
despite their lack of wing - like appendages , flying snakes are skilled aerial locomotors ,
said lead scientist and author jake socha , ph . d . , who has been studying these unique creatures for the past eight years .
all other gliders , such as flying squirrels or lizards or gliding birds , maintain a constant wing structure , unlike these flying snakes that whip their bodies through the air .
although all of these other animals may make small adjustments while gliding , none are as dramatic , rhythmic and dynamic as the flying snake ,
socha said .
during his first study , published in nature in august 2002 , socha described a few aerodynamic features of the paradise tree snake - - one of five snake species that are purported to
fly .
he videotaped and photographed various snakes taking off from a 33 - foot - high tower in an open field at the singapore zoological gardens . he positioned two video cameras to record in stereo , enabling the 3 - d reconstruction of the head , midpoint and vent coordinates of the snake throughout its trajectory .
socha found that the snake uses its ribs to change its body shape ; it flattens from head to vent . the snake takes control of its flight by undulating through the air in a distinctive s - shape as if swimming √ moving the tail up and down and side - to - side . while gliding , these snakes make turns up to 90 degrees and always seemed to land without injury .
( physorg . com ) - - new video analysis and mathematical modeling by engineers at virginia tech reveals how certain types of snakes can
fly
by flinging themselves off their perches , flattening their bodies , and sailing from . . .
animal flight behavior is an exciting frontier for engineers to both apply knowledge of aerodynamics and to learn from nature ' s solutions to operating in the air . flying snakes are particularly intriguing to researchers because . . .
the first engineering study of the internal fluid flows of insects , creatures that have evolved efficiently over millions of years , may provide engineers and scientists with new ideas for how to build better artificial tissues . . .
working at a crossroad between biology and engineering , scientists have modeled and are now mimicking the ingenious natural design of falling geckoes , gliding snakes , cruising seagulls , flapping insects and floating maple . . .
scientists from the australian national university ( anu ) and overseas have discovered the oldest colours in the geological record , 1 . 1 billion - year - old bright pink pigments extracted from rocks deep beneath the sahara desert . . .
how do insects survive harsh northern winters ? unlike mammals , they don ' t have thick coats of fur to keep warm . but they do have antifreeze . antifreeze proteins ( afps ) prevent ice from forming and spreading inside their . . .
sea levels in coastal areas can be affected by a number of factors : tides , winds , waves , and even barometric pressure all play a role in the ebb and flow of the ocean . for the first time , however , a new study led by the woods . . .
researchers from case western reserve university school of medicine have found a nanobody that holds promise to advance targeted therapies for a number of neurological diseases and cancer .
physicists have experimentally demonstrated 18 - qubit entanglement , which is the largest entangled state achieved so far with individual control of each qubit . as each qubit has two possible values , the 18 qubits can generate . . .
the struggle to keep drinks cold during the summer is a lesson in classical phase transitions . to study phase transitions , apply heat to a substance and watch how its properties change . add heat to water and at the so - called . . .
please sign in to add a comment . registration is free , and takes less than a minute . read more
an unusual breed of asian snakes can glide long distances in the air , and the department of defense is funding research at virginia tech to find out why .
as video of the reptiles show , they undulate from side to side , in almost an air - slithering , to create an aerodynamic system . it allows them to travel from the top of the biggest trees in the region ( almost 200 feet high ) to a spot about 780 feet away from the tree ' s trunk .
basically . . . they become one long wing ,
said john socha , the virginia tech researcher who has traveled extensively in asia to study the snakes and to film them .
the snake is very active in the air , and you can kind of envision it as having multiple segments that become multiple wings ,
he said .
the leading edge becomes the trailer and then the trailer become the leading edge .
it gets stranger . during a technique not yet understood , some of the snakes can actually turn in air . what ' s more , they all take a flying leap off their perch to get airborne , then drop for a while to pick up speed before starting the motion that keeps them aloft much longer than they would otherwise .
socha ' s initial research was sponsored by the national geographic society , but his most recent work and paper were funded by the defense advanced research projects agency . the agency is involved in advanced military technologies of all kinds , and socha said the physical dynamics of snake flight ( and how other creatures stay in the air ) is of great interest to the agency .
darpa did not respond to an e - mail asking for more information . however , socha ' s upcoming paper on the dynamics of gliding snakes in the journal bioinspiration and biomimetics does list darpa as its financial sponsor .
socha was a featured speaker monday at the annual meeting of the american physical society division of fluid dynamics .
the snakes , socha said , spend most of their lives in the trees . they are between 2 and 3 feet long and about as wide as a finger . the larger snakes , he said , generally cannot glide as far as the smaller ones .
the snakes are mildly venomous , he said , but
won ' t hurt a human , though they can be fatal to a gecko .
while the prospect of a flying snake seems strange today , current scientific theory says that birds evolved from dinosaurs , which were reptiles .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
( endemic to the philippines ) . this snake belongs to larger species complex which is need of taxonomic resolution .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , it occurs in a number of protected areas , is tolerant of a degree of habitat modification , exists as an apparently stable population , and is not subject to any major threats .
2002 , mckay 2006 ) . it is also found on narcondum island in india ' s andaman islands ( das 2007 ) .
brunei darussalam ; india ( andaman is . ) ; indonesia ( bali , jawa , kalimantan , sumatera ) ; malaysia ( peninsular malaysia , sabah , sarawak ) ; myanmar ; philippines ; singapore ; thailand
1998 ) . it has been recorded from coconut plantations adjacent to forests , rural villages , tree - shaded gardens , and within the attics of old houses ( stuebing and inger 1999 ; a . diesmos pers . comm . ) . it is oviparous , laying clutches of between five and eight eggs ( cox
this species is collected in small numbers for the international pet trade , but not a large scale . there is no international pet trade from thailand for this species , as there is an export ban on live snakes from this country ( t . chan - ard pers . comm . august 2011 ) .
the are no major threats impacting this species globally , however , it may be at some localized risk in heavily deforested areas , such as parts of the philippines .
this species occurs in a number of protected areas within its wide range . further research is needed on the status of populations on heavily deforested islands in the philippines , such as cebu , and the taxonomy of this widespread snake is in need of resolution .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
despite differences in scalation , c . taprobanica was considered only a colour variation of c . ornata before smith’s description in 1943
ganesh , s . r . ; m . arumugam 2016 . species richness of montane herpetofauna of southern eastern ghats , india : a historical resume and a descriptive checklist russ . j . herpetol . 23 ( 1 ) : 7 - 24
janzen , p . ; klaas , p . & ziesmann , s . 2007 . sri lankas schlangenfauna . draco 7 ( 30 ) : 56 - 64 - get paper here
karunarathna , suranjan ; d . m . s . and a . a . thasun amarasinghe 2011 . a preliminary survey of the reptile fauna in nilgala forest and its vicinity , monaragala district , sri lanka . taprobanica 3 ( 02 ) : 69 - 76
pyron , r . alexander ; h . k . dushantha kandambi , catriona r . hendry , vishan pushpamal , frank t . burbrink , ruchira somaweera 2013 . genus - level phylogeny of snakes reveals the origins of species richness in sri lanka . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 66 ( 3 ) : 969 - 978 - get paper here
smith , m . a . 1943 . the fauna of british india , ceylon and burma , including the whole of the indo - chinese sub - region . reptilia and amphibia . 3 ( serpentes ) . taylor and francis , london . 583 pp .
wallach , van ; kenneth l . williams , jeff boundy 2014 . snakes of the world : a catalogue of living and extinct species . taylor and francis , crc press , 1237 pp .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
india ( gujarat , kerala , bihar , west bengal , orissa , madhya pradesh , arunachal pradesh ( chessa , itanagar – papum pare district ) [ a . captain , pers . comm . ] , tamil nadu , tripura ) , nepal , sri lanka , bangladesh ,
myanmar ( = burma ) , thailand , west malaysia ( incl . pulau tioman ) , laos , cambodia , vietnam ,
ahsan , m . f . ; haidar , i . k . a . & rahman , m . m . 2015 . status and diversity of snakes ( reptilia : squamata : serpentes ) at the chittagong university campus in chittagong , bangladesh . journal of threatened taxa 7 ( 14 ) : 8159–8166 - get paper here
bhattarai , santosh ; chiranjibi p . pokheral , baburam lamichhane , , and naresh subedi 2017 . herpetofauna of a ramsar site : beeshazar and associated lakes , chitwan national park , nepal . ircf reptiles & amphibians 24 ( 1 ) : 17 - 29 - get paper here
bhupathy , subramanian & n . sathishkumar 2013 . status of reptiles in meghamalai and its environs , western ghats , tamil nadu , india . journal of threatened taxa 5 ( 15 ) : 4953 - 4961 - get paper here


urola nivalis , the snowy urola moth , is a moth of the crambidae family .

it is found from southern canada and maine , south to florida and west to illinois and texas .

the wingspan is 15-23 mm .

adults are on wing from may to september in two generations per year .

the larvae feed on various grasses and are considered a pest of ligustrum species .

urola nivalis

= hydrocampa nivalis ; in emmons ( 1854 ) ag . of n . y . 5 : 233
= argyria nivalis dyar , 1914 ; in fernald ( 1880 ) no . am . ent . 1 : 100
snowy urola moth - urola nivalis crambid snout moths ( crambidae ) / crambine snout moths ( crambinae ) / hodges # 5464 insects & spiders | butterflies main | moths | moth index | skippers | butterflies index live adult moths photographed at castle rock state park , oregon , illinois . size : 8mm
a snowy urola moth from the collection of john glaser . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
syn . urola michrochysella walker , 1863 ; synonymy in fernald ( 1880 ) no . am . ent . 1 : 100
snowy urola moth in howard co . , maryland ( 6 / 15 / 2013 ) . photo by nancy magnusson . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 8 / 20 / 2014 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 7 / 26 / 2016 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in dorchester co . , maryland ( 6 / 12 / 2015 ) . photo by jonathan willey . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 6 / 2014 ) . photo by bonnie ott . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 7 / 28 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 6 / 10 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in worcester co . , maryland ( 6 / 2 / 2013 ) . photo by scott housten . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in baltimore co . , maryland ( 8 / 18 / 2014 ) . photo by emily stanley . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in cecil co . , maryland ( 8 / 19 / 2014 ) . photo by shannon schade . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in howard co . , maryland ( 8 / 27 / 2004 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in anne arundel co . , maryland ( 7 / 25 / 2014 ) . photo by bill hubick . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 5 / 22 / 2017 ) . photo by barbara thurlow . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 8 / 16 / 2013 ) . photo by wendy crowe . ( mbp list )
a snowy urola moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 7 / 30 / 2014 ) . verified by ross hill and a . hendrickson / bugguide . photo by jesse christopherson . ( mbp list )
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
syn . geometra argentata emmons , 1854 ; synonymy in grote ( 1875 ) bull . buff . soc . nat . sci . 2 : 166
syn . argyria fimbrialis dyar , 1914 ; rpt . lep . smithsonian bio . surv . panama canal 47 : 317
silvery - white wings with a
satin
sheen . rests with wings folded over body , tent - like . head and palps white . has small dark mark at midpoint of inner margin of forewing ( based on description by lynn scott ) . hindwing translucent white
eastern north america : southern canada , maine , south to florida , west to illinois , texas . common in south
butterflies and moths of north america - species page with range maps and photographs of living adult .
peterson field guides : eastern moths charles v . covell . 1984 . houghton mifflin company .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
this is one lovely moth , one of the small gems of nature we rarely get to see up close .
is well - known for the blinding - white , silky appearance of the wings . indeed , its flight is easily followed in weedy fields and waste places ranging from eastern north america west to illinois and texas ; southern canada south to florida and northern mexico .
family crambidae contains about 850 species in 9 subfamilies in north america , and about 11 , 630 described species in 15 subfamilies in the world [ 1 ] . formerly classified as a subfamily of pyralidae , the snout moths include many important agricultural pest species :
grape leaf - folder : larvae are leaf - tiers and pests in napa and sonoma vinyards in california .
sod webworm : larvae of n . american native moths in the genus crambus are serious pests of lawns and especially golf courses .
southwestern corn borer : serious pest in numerous crops ; corn , sorghum , millet , sugar cane and other field crops . [ 2 ]
moths and their larvae ( caterpillars ) are major agricultural pests worldwide . the caterpillar of the gypsy moth ( lymantria dispar ) causes severe damage to forests in the northeast united states , where it is an invasive species . in tropical and subtropical climates , the diamondback moth ( plutella xylostella ) is perhaps the most serious pest of brassicaceous crops . several moths in the family tineidae are commonly regarded as pests because their larvae eat fabric such as clothes and blankets made from natural proteinaceous fibers such as wool or silk . insects & spiders | moths | moths index | butterflies index
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
hodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
the small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .
note : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on
trademark notice :
natureserve
, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .
copyright notice : copyright © 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .
natureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :
ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .
data developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .
no graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .
) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .
compare mother - of - pearl moth , which has a distinctive orange median stripe between the wings .
use of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .
80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .
: we ' ve found two specimens of this species , both in key largo , in february and march of 2014 .
k . largo marath . ba . hond b . p . k . no name sck . isd . k . west


agriphila undata is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by grote in 1881 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california .

the wingspan is about 22 mm .

adults are on wing from september to october .

agriphila undata

agriphila undata ( grote , 1881 ) = agriphila undatus ( grote , 1881 ) .
agriphila melike kemal & kocak , 2004 ( replacement name for a . asiatica ganev & hacker , 1984 )
agriphila is a genus of small moths of the family crambidae . they are common across temperate eurasia and in adjacent regions .
note to the form agriphila undatus ( removed from the base of 24 . 10 . 2015 23 : 33 ) : the double type urltoken
this page is based on the copyrighted wikipedia article agriphila ; it is used under the creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license ( cc - by - sa ) . you may redistribute it , verbatim or modified , providing that you comply with the terms of the cc - by - sa
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
there are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site . we suggest you upgrade to a modern browser .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
this article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?
despite this genus being proposed as early as 1825 , it was not widely recognized until the mid - 20th century . consequently , most
( 2005 ) : markku savela ' s lepidoptera and some other life forms – . version of 2005 - sep - 07 . retrieved 2010 - apr - 11 .
crowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .
by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .
copyright © world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .
. version of 2005 - sep - 07 . retrieved 2010 - apr - 11 .
lua error in package . lua at line 80 : module ' module : buffer ' not found .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , geography , cities , . . . more