elnadim ( 28 april 1994 – january 2015 ) was an american-bred , british-trained thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

after failing to win as a juvenile he developed into a high-class sprinter in 1997 , winning four of his six races including the hopeful stakes and the diadem stakes .

in the following year he recorded his biggest success when he won the group one july cup .

his subsequent form was disappointing and he was retired from racing in 2000 .

he atood as a breeding stallion in the united states , ireland , australia and new zealand and had some success as a sire of winners .

he died in 2015 at the age of twenty-one .

elnadim

pendragon ( c by elnadim ( usa ) ) 2 wins . see below .
chestnut filly , jan 01 , 2014 . by : sepoy – agata laguna ( elnadim )
elnadim star has managed to win 4 races in its career so far . on 23rd jun 2018 at ayr , elnadim star scored its most significant win to date , getting the money in the
, who is based at hambleton . it is sired by the stallion elnadim out of the dam fancy feathers .
in the official international classification , published in january 1999 , tamarisk was rated on 120 , one pound below elnadim .
elnadim , the champion european sprinter in both 1997 and 1998 , was laid to rest at his derrinstown stud home last week .
elnadim ( usa ) b . or br . 1994 gw 5 wins f : 467 r : 397 w : 234 sw : 21
a dual champion sprinter by danzig from an outstanding female line , elnadim initially stood at shadwell farm in kentucky before relocating to derrinstown in 2002 .
at newmarket tamarisk was never able to catch the front - running elnadim but stayed on well to hold second place in a field of seventeen .
elblitzem is a six - year - old and has taken 36 starts to win a stakes races but priscott has always rated the elnadim gelding .
ante - post favourite elnadim came through a workout yesterday and is on course for tomorrow ' s persimmon homes nunthorpe stakes at york after a minor setback .
an impressive win by elnadim ' s first nz winner , 2yo son jayeffkay , inspired me to investigate his pedigree and to see if any particular lines may be working with elnadim . elnadim is by danzig out of elle seule by exclusive native out of fall aspen by pretense out of change water by swaps out of portage by war admiral out of carillon by case ace . this is the 4m female family of maggie b . b . via her granddaughter sally mcclelland ( 1888 ) .
elnadim raced in the colours of sheikh hamdan al maktoum , for whom he won five races , including the group 1 darley july cup and group 2 diadem stakes .
elnadim star ( 15f , redback , mujtahid ) . 4 wins - 2 at 2 - to 5½f to 2018 , ayr land o ' burns s . , l .
at the cartier racing awards in november 1998 tamarisk was chosen ahead of elnadim as european champion sprinter . the award was seen as a
consolation
after his treatment by the breeders ' cup handicappers . [ 25 ] in the official international classification , published in january 1999 , tamarisk was rated on 120 , one pound below elnadim . [ 26 ]
whether , as a half - sister to champion sprinter elnadim , she will get a mile in the guineas is open to question as she is obviously blessed with plenty of speed .
it has proven a profitable horse for the punters over the journey . if you had backed elnadim star throughout its career you ' d have achieved a 379 % return on investment .
bred by shadwell farm in america , elnadim was by danzig out of elle seule , whose other progeny included the classic winning champion mehthaaf and only seule , the dam of champion occupandiste , herself grandam of champion intello .
to move into a clear lead a furlong out . he ran on strongly , despite drifting left in the closing stages , to record his most important victory , beating bolshoi by one and three quarter lengths with elnadim and lochangel unplaced .
elnadim is 13 - 8 favourite ( from 6 - 4 ) with william hill for tomorrow ' s race and will be bidding to become the first july cup winner to follow up in the furlong shorter nunthorpe since cadeaux genereux in 1989 .
elnadim was retired from stud duties at the end of the 2014 stud season but as age took its toll on the 21 - year - old and , as his chronic arthrosis grew more debilitating , it was decided to put him down on humane grounds .
a partnership including ashford stud bred bianconi out of blue hen fall aspen , also the dam of group / grade 1 winners and sires hamas , fort wood and timber country , and granddam of dubai millenium , charnwood forest , medaaly , elnadim and mehthaaf .
adelaide is the second cox plate winner to retire to coolmore ' s australian arm , following so you think . he is one of two winners out of the elnadim mare elletelle , whose biggest success came in the queen mary stakes at royal ascot for ger lyons .
from a nice spot handy on the outer , the second place performance of gallions reach ( victory dance ) was a welcome return to form , and suffering his first course defeat , having won twice prior , elblitzem ( elnadim ) came off the trail with a powerful finish for third .
tamarisk started 13 / 2 for the group one sprint cup at haydock in september . the field was a strong one , including elnadim as well as the winners of the king ' s stand stakes ( bolshoi ) and the nunthorpe stakes ( lochangel ) . ridden by tim sprake , he led from the start and produced a
blistering charge
[ 10 ] to move into a clear lead a furlong out . he ran on strongly , despite drifting left in the closing stages , to record his most important victory , beating bolshoi by one and three quarter lengths with elnadim and lochangel unplaced . [ 11 ]
elnadim ( usa ) ( bay 1994 - stud 2001 ) . 5 wins at 6f , newmarket july cup , gr . 1 . sire of 397 rnrs , 234 wnrs , 21 sw , inc . culminate ( otaki maori rc wfa s . , gr . 1 ) , elletelle , wi dud , elblitzem , elnawin , pasar silbano , caldra , accardo , pendragon , soraaya , al qasi , almass , elnadim star , zuhoor baynoona , arabda , come to heel , three french hens , alleluja angel , santo padre , villa sciarra , ella belle , sp a momentofmadness , intisaab , electrostatic , etc .
elnadim ( usa ) dkb / br . h , 1994 { 4 - m } dp = 9 - 12 - 27 - 0 - 0 ( 48 ) di = 2 . 56 cd = 0 . 63 - 16 starts , 5 wins , 3 places , 2 shows career earnings : $ 322 , 449
from limited opportunities , pendragon , a stakes - winning son of elnadim and earner of over $ 500 , 000 , has had a standout 2015 / 2016 season , which included blacktype success with think big stud homebred miss gunpowder , winner of the group 2 mrc thousand guineas prelude , stakesplaced dragon flyer and consistent city winner , killarney kid .
lady marilyn carries northern dancer 3x4 plus raise a native giving bakharoff a similar northern dancer / raise a native cross as elnadim . this gives jayeffkay 7 sallie mcclelland lines . my marilyn also carries bull page 5x5 who descends to bonnie blue ii , a full sister to sallie mcclelland thereby giving jayeffkay a total of 9 lines of maggie b . b .
this gives elnadim a nice 4x4 cross of native dancer . native dancer carries rock sand and fair play but more importantly , his dam geisha has as her damsire john p . grier . john p . grier is by whisk broom ii , a son of audience who is a daughter of sallie mcclelland , ancestress of elnadim . native dancer ' s son raise a native adds a further whisk broom ii line ( 5x4 ) . an interesting aside is that native dancer ' s granddam miyako is bred whisk broom ii / disguise ii / ben brush ( grandsire of whisk broom ii ) / roi herode 2x3x3x3 . raise you ' s dam lady glory is bred similarly roi herode / whisk broom ii / disguise ii 3x2x3 .
alniyat is by sepoy , a son of elusive quality . a lot of people won’t have heard of sepoy , however , he was one of the highest rated sprinters of all time when down - under in australia . champion two - year - old in australia , four group one wins under his belt at six furlongs , a winning percentage of ninety - one percent , whilst coming second once , sepoy is a speed demon . owned by shiekh mohammed , sepoy is now in the darley stallion business at dalham hall stud . alniyat is out of agata laguna who is by elnadim , hence the brackets next to her name – the late , great , elnadim was a well - bred horse by danzig and was a top - class sprinter himself , let alone what the dam of alniyat done . elnadim was capable of siring smart two - year - old sprinters . agata laguna ran the twice , running in two group three races , so they thought a lot of her , where she came fourth and ninth . this chestnut filly is going to be looked at for all of the top sprint contests , a bright future with her pedigree alone .
mares carrying nijinsky ii who is by northern dancer out of a bull page mare and carries a line of gallant fox , full brother to fighting fox will suit . mares carrying double jay , a peter pan ( commando ) male line sire whose damsire is whisk broom ii may work well with elnadim . raise a native with his two lines of whisk broom ii will suit admirably .
from very small number of mares bred , pendragon , a stakes - winning son of uk’s july cup winner elnadim and earner of over $ 500 , 000 , has had a standout 2015 / 2016 season , which included blacktype success with think big stud homebred miss gunpowder , winner of the group 2 mrc thousand guineas prelude , stakesplaced dragon flyer and consistent city winner , killarney kid .
the bart cummings trained pendragon by elnadim , out of the 1996 filly of the year series winner , alacrity , won his first race after four previous placings in sydney . bred by david paykel , pendragon passed the post ahead of power of destiny ( danehill x jeanetta cochrane ) and duelled ( redoute ' s choice x leica pretender ) in the woolworths gloaming stakes treble ( 1800m ) .
despite his infirmity , elnadim commanded a loyal following amongst breeders and , up until recently , had remained in sufficiently robust health to carry out his duties . however , age and infirmity have finally caught up with him in the form of long standing arthrosis , necessitating his retirement with immediate effect . as with previous derrinstown retirees , he will spend his remaining years being looked after on the stud .
elnadim ' s very promising two year old son jayeffkay is out of lady marilyn by bakharoff . he was purchased at the 2004 karaka select yearling sale for $ 30 , 000 . lady marilyn won 3 races as a two year old including the wrc nz magic millions classic and was group 3 placed in the stc sweet embrace stakes . jayeffkay was her 8th foal , 7 have raced for 6 winners .
four weeks after his guineas defeat , tamarisk ran in a listed race over six furlongs at lingfield . he tracked the leaders before accelerating clear in the closing stages to win by two and a half lengths from arkadian hero . [ 9 ] in the group one july cup at newmarket tamarisk was never able to catch the front - running elnadim but stayed on well to hold second place in a field of seventeen .
the catalogue also includes mares in foal to exciting young sires iffraaj , kodiac , pastoral pursuits and shirocco , proven group 1 sires including compton place , desert prince , dubawi , elnadim , firebreak , halling , medicean , montjeu , muhtathir , royal applause , sakhee , singspiel , tiger hill and zamindar and classic / group 1 winners archipenko , authorized , champs elysees , mastercraftsman , mount nelson , notnowcato , sir percy and three valleys .
british banker has all these presences in quantity , duplicating elnadim ' s war admiral , swaps , exclusive native , northern dancer , crafty admiral , teddy and hyperion . an added bonus is that british banker ' s granddam la jalouse is by nijinsky ii out of quadruple by fleet nasrullah ( granddam by bull dog ) out of times two by double jay out of bayadere by chance play ( fair play ) out of cash book by bull dog out of saleslady by friar rock .
last year was another big one for galileo , including among his runners eight new gr . 1 winners , headed by australia , a newcomer this year to the stallion barns at coolmore in ireland ; frankel’s brother noble mission , three gr . 1 wins during the year , retired to lane’s end , kentucky ; gleneagles ( storm cat ) a leading two year - old ; and adelaide ( elnadim ) , a three year - old who made who made history by following up wins in the gallinule stakes - gr . 3 ( 10f ) at the curragh and secretariat stakes - gr . 1 ( 10f ) at arlington in the us and with a win in the cox plate - gr . 1 ( 2040m ) at moonee valley . a winner at a mile in ireland at his only start at two , adelaide ( ex elletelle by the danzig son elnadim ) is to open his stud career in the spring at coolmore in the hunter valley on a fee of $ 22 , 000 .
acclamation anabaa bel esprit belong to me bianconi boundary casino prince choisir commands dalakhani danehill danehill dancer danetime dansili danzig darshaan diktat don eduardo dubai destination dubawi dynaformer el prado elnadim elusive quality encosta de lago exceed and excel fairy king fastnet rock flying spur fusaichi pegasus galileo general nediym giant ' s causeway high chaparral hussonet iglesia indian charlie invincible spirit johannesburg kendor leroidesanimaux lonhro machiavellian magic albert mamool montjeu more than ready mr . prospector oasis dream octagonal perugino red ransom redoute ' s choice rock of gibraltar royal academy sadler ' s wells shamardal show a heart snippets southern halo starcraft storm cat street cry success express tagula tale of the cat zabeel zeditave
tamarisk proved a deserved winner of the 1998 sprint cup as he disposed of a quality line - up . the colt had finished second in the dewhurst stakes as a two year old and ran prominently in the 2 , 000 guineas before fading in the final quarter of a mile . after that , followed a lingfield park victory – and a second place finish to elnadim in the july cup . that rival was in opposition at haydock park , along with the king’s stand stakes winner bolshoi and the nunthorpe heroine lochangel . tamarisk drifted left late on in the race but had plenty in hand as he defeated bolshoi by 1 ¾ lengths .
retired initially to stand at shadwell farm in the usa , elnadim was then brought back to europe where breeders were better acquainted with his racing qualities . he soon carved out a reputation for himself as a credible source of precocious speed and amongst his most notable successes were the group 2 queen mary stakes winner elletelle ( now dam of the dual group 1 winner , adelaide ) ; the group 2 flying childers stakes winner wi dud , and the group 3 winners soraaya , elnawin , pasar silbano , caldra and al qasi . he was also to meet with considerable success in the southern hemisphere , where his standout performer was the group 1 winning sprinter culminate .
iotapa’s dam , concinnous , by el corredor , won only one of her 15 starts , a 1 1 / 16 - mile , $ 25 , 000 maiden claimer at santa anita as a 4 - year - old . frankly , that was not an unexpected result for a daughter of el corredor out of wild jewel , by wild again . bred in kentucky by beth hipp murphy , concinnous was the seventh foal out of wild jewel , who ran second in the listed prix casimir delamarre at longchamp but did not produce a black - type earner among her 10 foals . wild jewel’s winning daughter , wild as elle , by elnadim , has , however , produced the group 3 - placed cougar ridge , by johannesburg .
elnadim joint top of the 1997 international 3yo classification ( sprint ) . joint champion 3yo sprinter in gb in 1997 . champion older male sprinter in gb in 1998 . 5 wins at 6f , £192 , 295 , us $ 10 , 080 , newmarket july cup , gr . 1 , ascot diadem s . , gr . 2 , newmarket hopeful s . , l , 2d duke of york s . , gr . 3 , newmarket ngk spark plugs h . , 3d sandown temple s . , gr . 2 , keeneland nureyev s . , l , 4th newmarket challenge s . , gr . 2 . he entered stud in usa in 2001 . he entered stud in nz in 2001 . sire of 397 progeny to race , 234 winners ( 58 . 0 % ) , earnings of over $ 21 million , 21 stakes winners , 17 stakes placegetters , inc .
elle seule was mated to elnadim who is by danzig , a son of northern dancer who carries hyperion / native dancer 3x2 . danzig ' s dam pas de nom is by admiral ' s voyage a son of crafty admiral . crafty admiral is a genetic goldmine in pedigrees of this background as he is by fighting fox ( sir gallahad iii / commando 1x3 ) out of admiral ' s lady by war admiral out of boola brook by bull dog ( full brother to sir gallahad iii ) out of brookdale by peter pan ( by commando ) out of sweepaway by wild mint out of pink domino by domino ( sire of commando ) . the dam of admiral voyage , olympia lou further reinforces this pattern as she is by olympia , by hyperion ' s son heliopolis out of louisiana lou by halcyon ( damsire is peter pan ) out of creole maid by pharamond ii ( ex selene ) out of baton rouge by man o ' war . olympia also carries ultimus who is 2x2 to domino .
compton place remained in training as a for - year - old in 1998 but failed to recover his best form . on his first appearance of the year he finished sixth behind bolshoi in the temple stakes and at royal ascot he finished last of the twelve runners in the cork and orrery stakes . on his only other run he attempted to repeat his 1997 success in the july cup as the duke of devonshire was determined to show that his upset win was not a
fluke
, [ 13 ] but he finished unplaced behind elnadim . [ 14 ] his retirement from racing was announced in august . toller said
there is nothing worse than seeing a horse carrying on racing if he is not showing his best form . . . his july cup form was the best last year by a sprinter . he was the only horse able to beat royal applause over six furlongs on grass . it ' s just a pity we weren ' t able to do it once more , to keep everyone quiet
. [ 15 ]
winning jockey : - name : hills , richard john . born : newmarket , 22 / 1 / 63 apprenticeship : with tom jones . first winner : border dawn ( doncaster 26 / 10 / 79 ) classic wins : ( 3 ) sagitta 1000 guineas ( 1995 harayir , 2000 lahan ) , st leger ( 1999 mutafaweq ) other major wins : middle park stakes ( 1997 hayil ) , prince of wales ' s stakes ( 1987 mtoto ) ; ascot gold cup ( 1990 ashal ) ; queen elizabeth ii stakes ( 1994 maroof ) ; yorkshire cup ( 1985 ilium ) ; norfolk stakes ( 1986 sizzling melody , 1989 pettilante ) , chesham stakes ( 1996 shamikh ) , queen mary stakes ( 1997 nadwah ) , july cup ( 1998 elnadim ) , hungerford stakes ( 1998 muhtathir ) , dubai world cup ( 1999 almutawakel ) , temple stakes ( 1999 tipsy creek ) ; rockfel stakes ( 1999 lahan ) wins ( 1990 - 99 ) : 56 , 67 , 52 , 57 , 59 , 70 , 71 , 85 , 83 , 77 wins this season : 29 other details : took over as number one jockey to hamdan al maktoum on the retirement of willie carson . first goodwood win : king of comedy ( september 14 , 1985 ) royal ascot wins : ( 11 ) major royal ascot wins : gold cup ( 1990 ashal )
although restricted in the number of mares he could cover because of an earlier injury , he only once failed to come up with a stakes performing juvenile during his whole career in ireland . in all , he has been responsible for 11 group winners in all , including the group 1 winning sprinter culminate in new zealand , and the two - year - olds wi dud , elletelle ( dam of the highly regarded two - year - old , puissant ) , soraaya , elnawin and caldra .
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owner : derrinstown stud ltd . breeder : shadwell farm , inc . state bred : ky winnings : 16 starts : 5 - 3 - 2 , $ 322 , 449 at 3 : won racal diadem s . ( eng - g2 ) 1 . 200m , hopeful s . ( eng ) at 4 : won darley july cup ( eng - g1 ) 1 . 200m ; 2nd duke of york s . ( eng - g3 ) ; 3rd tripleprint temple s . ( eng - g2 ) at 6 : 3rd nureyev s . - l ( 83 , 200 ) foaled april 24 , 1994 2 - time champion sprinter in england entered stud in 2001 at shadwell farm , lexington ( $ 15 , 000 ) . in 2002 standing at derrinstown stud , ireland ; shuttles to australia and nz pensioned at derrinstown stud in oct 2014 . euthanised in january 2015 due to old age . ( close )
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the new zealand thoroughbred industry is one of the most successful in the world . in 2010 - 11 , the industry produced over 4000 foals and exported 1600 horses at an estimated value of $ 150 million . so , what is the secret of new zealand ' s remarkable success as a thoroughbred breeding nation ? learn more ›
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as part of my blog , which i am looking to expand , i thought it was in my best interests to get in there early and start promoting the different two - year - old’s , their pedigree and how they could potentially perform on the racecourse . i will go through a trainer’s different horses once , and then move onto another trainer that shadwell and his highness have picked . i have chosen to pick ed dunlop today and the different two - year - old’s he has training for him . if you would like to check his other horses , click the following url : urltoken
alquwwa , a filly by teofilo , who was originally by galileo . teofilo was a magical horse who won plenty of stakes races back in 2006 , winning most notably the dewhurst stakes , and was awarded european champion two - year - old in 2006 , as well . if teofilo wasn’t enough for alquwwa , galileo , her grandfather ( grandsire ) won the epsom and irish derby ; needless to say , she has a lot to live up to . al tamooh’s horse racing career is a little scarce to track down , so i sought to find out her career standings instead with her offspring ; they’re abysmal . out of twenty - three runs from three horses , al tamooh has only managed five overall places , three seconds and two thirds . alfahad is her latest offspring , her foal before alquwwa and came fifth on his debut . naady who is out of al tamooh and by mawatheeq has only managed one second from six runs , which is a little disappointing . however , now seeing teofilo , being by dalakhani , i feel as though al tamooh could potentially have a nice prospect in alquwwa who is going to try and overcome the odds and beat her brothers and sisters .
bay colt , apr 25 , 2014 . by : approve – halliwell house ( selkirk )
approve sires khitaamy , approve is the horse who won the gimcrack and the norfolk stakes , six furlongs and five furlongs , respectively . approve has been a prolific sire in the past , he has sired the likes of waady , a stout performer for his highness , along with accepted and gerry the glover . approve , himself is by oasis dream , so you can tell he was a high - class sprinter by just having one look at his grandsire and what he has achieved . halliwell house is quite hard to track down , because selkirk is actually a place with halliwell house , however , there is one runner this year that has been running for halliwell house , in the form of what could she be , who was by dark angel . what could she be has been running in class five races for michael dods . a completely different sire this time , khitaamy could be open to different scope as opposed to the likes of what could she be , and could pose some classy entries in top - class sprints .
bay colt , mar 24 , 2014 . by : kodiac – sheila blige ( zamindar )
a no - named colt as of yet , by kodiac – a champion two - year - old sire by danehill and is a half brother to the classy invincible spirit . rafha was kodiac’s sire , she was a group one winner herself , just so you know this colt is coming from a classy background . kodiac has sired the likes of tiggy wiggy , who was sold for two million , elleval and adaay for his highness , mr . al maktoum . kodiac was trained by john dunlop , ed dunlop’s son , so the family of dunlop’s know all well the family of kodiac and danehill ; it has been known kodiac is an extremely good sire of early two - year - olds , tiggy wiggy being prime example . apt was out of sheila blige from what i can see here , the dam of this colt , and apt didn’t turn out to be a superstar – getting a mark of eighty - nine . apt had the one win come over eight and a half furlongs , so the dam has shown she can get a horse ready for a step up in trip if need - be .
bay colt , jan 01 , 2014 . by : exceed and excel – samaah ( cape cross )
mulzim , from an incredibly smart family , where his father is exceed and excel , champion sire in australia , who was not only a top class sprinter , but a horse who has produced hundreds of fantastic horses . exceed and excel horses usually go well on the all - weather from what i have seen in the last year or so ; most notably , lingfield . mulzim has been sired by exceed and excel , who sired the group one , coventry hero buratino for shiekh hamdan and godolphin . i couldn’t find anything on the dam , samaah who is by cape cross , but cape cross managed to sire some wonderful sorts in the form of ouija board , who ed dunlop knows only too well , along with sea the stars and golden horn . mulzim has a fantastic pedigree behind and the tools to potentially engrave history .
bay colt , jan 01 , 2014 . by : mawatheeq – musharakaat ( iffraaj )
mutamayel , an interesting name to the say the least , is by mawatheeq who is from the last line of sires from the ‘sire of sires danzig . ’ throughout his career under marcus tregoning , mawatheeq managed to defeat a host of group one winners , most notably being the late and great campanologist . mawatheeq was predominately a horse who ran at one mile , up to twelve furlongs , so muthamayel has plenty of scope to get stamina concerns out of the way . musharakaat was formerly of ed dunlop , i think she got injured when being pulled up and had to be retired because of it ; don’t quote me of that , but she did have ten runs for his highness and ed dunlop . musharakaat ran ten times overall , winning the once and coming third twice , not an overly good record for the two men , but now mutamayel could potentially change that record they have . mutamayel , unlike the other runners , isn’t a speedster ; he seems like a genuine miler and it’s worth noting his mother , musharakaat won on debut before going into class one races .
bay colt , jan 26 , 2014 . by : paco boy – tamara moon ( acclamation )
socrates who is by paco boy , who was trained by richard hannon snr , has been a prolific sire to - date . paco boy has been the sire of thirteen stakes horses , one of these horses being galileo gold who won the group two vintage stakes , along with the roger varian trained maljaa – who has been nothing but outstanding , winning four of his starts , coming second in another four and third in the other start , out of nine races . paco boy was a top - end miler , whilst also being a six furlong winner – maljaa hasn’t been over further than five furlongs . tamara moon , who is the dam , by acclamation only won two of her thirteen runs for mick channon and the team . she wasn’t anything overly special , but coupled with the special paco boy , socrates or soqrat could be anything . soqrat could be another speed phenomena for the ed dunlop yard and hamdan al maktoum , but tamara moon and paco boy both have form over one mile .
chestnut colt , mar 26 , 2014 . by : sir prancealot – yandina ( danehill )
sukoot could be something special if replicating his father – sir prancealot . sir prancealot is known as ‘the flying two - year - old’ as he won the flying childers , a group two with relative ease by half - a - length for richard hannon snr . a brilliant two - year - old sprinter retired at two years of age , sir prancealot’s first two - year - old’s will be running in 2016 . sir prancealot was by tamayuz , who also produced the speedy and likeable group one winner g force . shadwell have also brought a no - named colt by sir prancealot out of rublevka star who was by elusive quality for ninety thousand pounds . yandina , the mother was by danehill and she only won one of her seven starts , coming second in three of the other starts . she accumulated fourteen thousand in prize money , but she wasn’t anything overly exciting , running in seven furlong handicaps . this horse could very well have a fantastic first season for ed dunlop and be one to watch from the first crop of sir prancealot .
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starting with 5th dam carillon , we find that her sire case ace is by teddy out of an ultimus ( domino 2x2 ) mare and her dam sunfeather is by sun briar out of angry plume by mad hatter ( by fair play ) . the 6th dam of carillon is audience by sir dixon ( out of a daughter of maggie b . b . ) out of sallie mcclelland by hindoo out of red - and - blue by alarm out of maggie b . b .
portage is by war admiral who is by man o ' war ( fair play / rock sand ) out of brushup by sweep whose damsire is domino .
change water is by swaps ( by hyperion ' s son khaled ) out of iron reward by beau pere out of iron maiden by war admiral out of betty derr by sir gallahad iii ( teddy ) . this gives change water 4x2 war admiral .
fall aspen needs no introduction . a grade 1 winner of the matron stakes , she became an outstanding broodmare producing 14 foals , 13 raced for 12 winners including 9 stakes winners . four of these , timber country , fort wood , hamas and northern aspen were grade 1 winners . she is also the dam of bianconi and granddam of outstanding horse dubai millennium .
fall aspen is by pretense whose sire endeavour ii is by british empire ( his damsire is teddy ) out of himalaya by hyperion ' s half brother hunter ' s moon . pretense ' s dam imitation , is by hyperion giving fall aspen a 3x4 cross of hyperion plus hunter ' s moon in the 4th generation .
elle seule is by raise a native ' s son exclusive native . raise a native ' s dam raise you is by case ace ( teddy ) out of lady glory by american flag ( by man o ' war ) . exclusive native ' s dam exclusive carries fair play 4x4 plus his half brother friar rock ( ex fairy gold ) in the 3rd generation .
granddam tasman dancer by new regent was the third top filly on the 1986 - 87 nz 2yo free handicap with 5 wins , 3 at 2 , to 1400m including the g3 masterton rc lowland stakes . she bred 9 named foals , 8 raced for 7 winners including listed winner danasar ( danasinga ) and g3 placed bali sugar , dam of stakes winner butterscotch .
third dam rangiora by greenwood won 4 races , 3 as a two year old to 1400m . she bred 10 foals , 8 raced for 6 winners including listed winner sukram and was granddam of g1 vrc sires ' produce stakes winner winestock .
jayeffkay won first up on boxing day ( 26 / 12 / 04 ) at ellerslie over 1100 metres on an easy track beating pulcinella by a neck . he raced handy 2nd on the outer before challenging on the turn and leading right to the line . his next and latest start was in the listed nz bloodstock classique ( $ 500 , 000 ) over 1200m where he ran a meritorious 4 . 6 lengths 6th to wahid , dower and kindacross .
broodmare sires like ferdinand ( nijinsky ii / double jay ) with further lines of man o ' war 6x6 plus two lines of bull dog and one of sir gallahad iii look good . mares by karensky may suit very well as he is by nijinsky ii out of tuerta by hyperion ' s grandson forli out of continue by double jay out of courtesy by nasrullah out of highway code by hyperion . hyperion and his dam selene will be welcome as will lines of teddy and war admiral . blue larkspur would be a good line to add as well , especially crossed upon man o ' war and / or teddy . domino plays a part further back in the pedigree , especially via case ace ( teddy / ultimus ) so further background lines would be excellent .
urltoken fillies ' novice stakes ( plus 10 ) of £5 , 250 . 00 2 - y - o 6f . ( class 5 ) 13 declared
urltoken fillies ' novice stakes ( plus 10 ) of £5 , 250 . 00
probable sp 3 / 1 peace trail , 4 / 1 zip along , 6 / 1 high seas , qafilah , 10 / 1 swiss chocolate , alhawdaj , 14 / 1 alwasmiya , la cabana , cirrus minor , 16 / 1 lulu star , faay , 50 / 1 mountain breath , 66 / 1 chef united .
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demand for top quality racing prospects continued at the fourth annual inglis ready2race sale , when four colts topped $ 300 , 000 for the first time ever at an australian breeze up sale .
the colts by smart missile , written tycoon , street cry and pierro went to buyers from hong kong , australia , china and thailand respectively and were among 30 lots that sold for $ 100 , 000 or more , which is almost double the 16 in 2015 .
the sale gross of $ 9 , 221 , 500 was an australian two - year - old sale record , with 147 lots sold at an average of $ 62 , 731 .
baystone farm was the leading vendor with a 100 % clearance rate from their draft of five , with an aggregate of $ 845 , 000 . they were one of 19 vendors to enjoy a 100 % clearance rate at the sale .
“inglis promoted this sale and got a lot of asian clients here as well as a lot of local trainers . i think this sale will just keep on improving , ” dean harvey of baystone farm told anz bloodstock news after the sale .
the leading sire was australian champion first season sire smart missile , whose four lots sold averaged $ 142 , 000 and included one of the equal top prices of $ 310 , 000 for the colt from asshewaqua ( lot 153 ) . the colt was knocked down to the final bid of hong kong trainer benno yung and his bloodstock agent charles yung after being pinhooked by baystone farm from the easter yearling sale for $ 40 , 000 .
the other colt to make $ 310 , 000 at the sale was another great pinhook result , this time by chevaux bloodstock of mittagong . a $ 64 , 000 pinhook from the classic yearling sale , lot 166 , a colt by written tycoon from best feature , was sold at the ready2race sale to damon gabbeddy’s belmont bloodstock , victoria .
champion trainer darren weir was all smiles when his client yuesheng zhang secured the street cry half - brother to thousand guineas contender leotie for $ 300 , 000 when sold as lot 61 .
“i looked at him a couple of times and really liked the horse , liked his pedigree , he’s a great type , well built and i’m really excited that he’s coming into the stable , ’’ weir said .
“i like to shop where the fish are already biting , ’’ said mr zhang . “i believe that when a mare shows she can get a nice horse , it tends to come out in not just one of their foals , but several . lightning strikes twice as far as good broodmares go in my opinion , and i see prairie star as a very good broodmare . ’’
the leading purchaser at the sale was vichit pongsri - iam of thailand , who purchased eight lots for $ 1 , 075 , 000 , with many of the purchases likely to do their racing in singapore .
among pongsri - iam’s purchases was lot 154 , a colt by pierro from dual group 3 winner augusta proud , which sold for $ 300 , 000 out of the draft of platinum park , clarendon .
while international buyers were strong at the sale in purchasing juveniles to race around the world , the domestic market was also very active .
among the local buyers who bought multiple lots were bjorn baker , lindsay park racing , joseph and jones racing , sheamus mills bloodstock and darby racing .
inglis’ managing director mark webster was pleased to see 89 lots sold to australian buyers , on top of the 58 that will head overseas , the majority to asia .
“we introduced the ready 2 race concept four years ago as we saw a lot of domestic money from impatient owners going out of the country and clients in asia wanting horses up and going . we set out to focus on a select offering that we would get behind and it would be a long - term goal to introduce a totally new product to the australian market place .
“ $ 9 . 2 million in gross sales and 30 lots sold for $ 100 , 000 or more are signs of good progress , but we recognise we still have a way to go to be up there with the best in the world in this area , but i’m confident we’ll get there .
“behind the 70 % clearance rate there were vendors that clearly won , making healthy profits on their yearling sale purchases , but others that struggled to be frank .
“i’d like to see more of the domestic buyers get behind the sale , not just the trainers and syndicators , but also the stud farms , because their support next year when we go into year five of this ready 2 race concept is only going to help them in the long run , ” webster said .
for more information or to make an offer on any horses passed in at the ready2race sale , contact inglis’ business development manager peter twomey on 0408 603 967 .
a . clarke , sydney b . elmes , augathella , qld balance thoroughbreds , arcadia baystone farm , gnarwarre , vic boneo horse ranch , lower plenty , vic booralie stud , richmond boutique bloodstock pty ltd , devon meadows , vic brisbane meadows , bungonia c . chadwick , glenorie c . kennedy , bass , vic careal equine services , somerville , vic chevaux bloodstock , mittagong drake bloodstock , scone esker lodge , cambridge , nz fairview park stud , grose wold fontein park thoroughbreds , berrima frankie j . stockdale racing , sale , vic g . p . & j . m . brilley , bowral gippsland thoroughbreds , trafalgar , vic gooree park stud , mudgee heritage park , oakdale hobartville stud , clarendon j . clisby , ebenezer jackson bloodstock , brisbane , qld karasi park , bass , vic kingstar farm , denman l . thomas , glendon brook laceby lodge stud , laceby , vic lauriston thoroughbred farm , corinella , vic lightning racing stables , pearcedale , vic mji thoroughbreds , strathdale , vic macquarie stud , wellington mockingbird hill , longwood , vic murrulla stud , wingen muskoka farm , gunderman nolen racing , benalla , vic o ' gorman racing pty ltd , scone p . looney , cranbourne , vic palya bloodstock , melbourne , vic platinum park , clarendon redbank north pty ltd , harden rothwell park thoroughbreds , blandford supreme thoroughbred stud , catherine field t . seychell , altona meadows , vic think big stud , burradoo uppergumtree farm , langwarrin , vic vinery stud , scone wanda ings stables , hawkesbury washpool lodge , aratula , qld wattle grove , berrima widden stud , widden valley wingara thoroughbreds , kilmore , vic woodpark stud , mittagong woodside park stud , tylden , vic


pyrausta acrionalis , the mint-loving pyrausta moth , is a moth of the crambidae family .

it is found in eastern north america , including alabama , georgia , massachusetts , mississippi , new hampshire , new york , ontario , tennessee , west virginia and wisconsin .

the wingspan is 14 – 18 mm .

adults have deep rose to violet forewings with yellow borders along the leading edge and the fringes of the wing , as well as some yellow markings .

the larvae feed on the leaves of mentha species .

pyrausta acrionalis

species pyrausta acrionalis - mint - loving pyrausta - hodges # 5071 - bugguide . net
c . michael hogan set
image of pyrausta purpuralis
as an exemplar on
pyrausta purpuralis linnaeus
.
pyrausta purpuralis is a species of moth of the family crambidae . it is found in europe . the species closely resembles pyrausta aurata .
pyrausta tithonialis ; sumpich & skyva , 2012 , nota lepid . 35 ( 2 ) : 177
pyrausta cajelalis holland , 1900 ; novit . zool . 7 ( 3 ) : 590 ; tl : buru
c . michael hogan marked the classification from
irmng
as preferred for
pyrausta purpuralis linnaeus
.
pyrausta perlelegans hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 256 ; tl : colombia ; peru
pyrausta lithosialis hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 263 ; tl : natal , northdene
pyrausta tetraplagalis hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 268 ; tl : mashonaland , salisbury
hans - martin braun added the english common name
common purple and gold
to
pyrausta purpuralis linnaeus
.
hans - martin braun added the english common name
common crimson and gold
to
pyrausta purpuralis linnaeus
.
pyrausta ( pyraustinae ) ; hampson , 1899 , proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 252 ; [ globiz ]
pyrausta phaeophoenica hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 268 ; tl : brazil , castro paraña
pyrausta subsequalis subsequalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 122 , pl . 5 , f . 18 , 22
pyrausta perrubralis perrubralis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 129 , pl . 9 , f . 49 - 51
pyrausta scurralis scurralis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 130 , pl . 9 , f . 59 - 63
pyrausta unifascialis unifascialis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 134 , pl . 9 , f . 73 - 80
pyrausta trizonalis hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 267 ; tl : mexico , cordoba , orizaba
pyrausta pyrocausta hampson , 1899 ; proc . zool . soc . london 1899 : 264 ; tl : brazil , são paulo ; paraña
hans - martin braun added the english common name
common crimson - and - gold moth
to
pyrausta purpuralis linnaeus
.
pyrausta nubigena rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 189 ; tl : algeria , guelt - es - stel
pyrausta cajelalis fortioralis rothschild , 1915 ; novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 227 ; tl : manusela , central ceram , 650m
pyrausta arenicola hampson , 1913 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 12 ( 67 ) : 28 ; tl : algeria
pyrausta coccinea warren , 1892 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 9 ( 50 ) : 176 ; tl : california
pyrausta borealis packard , [ 1867 ] ; proc . boston soc . nat . hist . 11 : 53 ; tl : square island , labrador
= pyrausta unifascialis subolivalis ( packard , 1873 ) ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 133 ; [ nacl ] , # 5068a
pyrausta aurea butler , 1875 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 4 ) 16 ( 96 ) : 414 ; tl : natal
pyrausta obtusanalis druce , 1899 ; biol . centr . - amer . ins . lep . het . 3 : pl . 100 , f . 12
pyrausta ploimalis dyar , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2050 ) : 284 ; tl : trinidad r .
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 7 / 16 / 2017 ) . photo by bob cammarata . ( mbp list )
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in baltimore co . , maryland ( 7 / 29 / 2014 ) . photo by emily stanley . ( mbp list )
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 9 / 9 / 2017 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 7 / 31 / 2015 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in washington co . , maryland ( 8 / 29 / 2015 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 8 / 31 / 2015 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in frederick co . , maryland ( 8 / 29 / 2015 ) . photo by mark etheridge . ( mbp list )
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in dorchester co . , maryland ( 9 / 1 / 2015 ) . photo by jonathan willey . ( mbp list )
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in howard co . , maryland ( 6 / 2 / 2004 ) . photo by larry line . ( mbp list )
pyrausta flavibrunnea hampson , 1913 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 12 ( 67 ) : 32 ; tl : cuernavaca , mexico
pyrausta subsequalis plagalis haimbach , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 6 ) : 263 ; tl : miller ' s canyon , huachuca mts . , arizona
pyrausta unifascialis arizonensis munroe , 1957 ; can . ent . 89 : 93 , f . 5 ; tl : wildcat creek , white mts . , arizona
pyrausta perrubralis saanichalis munroe , 1951 ; can . ent . 83 : 166 , pl . 1 , f . 5 ; tl : ; duncan , british columbia
pyrausta perrubralis saanichalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 129 , pl . 9 , f . 55 - 56 ; [ nacl ] , # 5064a
pyrausta unifascialis subolivalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 133 , pl . 9 , f . 66 - 72 ; [ nacl ] , # 5068a
pyrausta unifascialis rindgei ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 134 , pl . 9 , f . 81 - 82 ; [ nacl ] , # 5068b
pyrausta unifascialis arizonensis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 134 , pl . 9 , f . 83 - 84 ; [ nacl ] , # 5068c
pyrausta scurralis awemealis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 130 , pl . 9 , f . 64 - 65 ; tl : aweme , manitoba
a mint - loving pyrausta moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 8 / 10 / 2016 ) . photo by robert aguilar , serc . ( mbp list )
pyrausta californicalis californicalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 113 , pl . 6 , f . 16 , 19 - 223 , pl . t , f . 3
pyrausta perrubralis shastanalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 129 , pl . 9 , f . 52 - 54 ; tl : mt . shasta , california
pyrausta unifascialis rindgei munroe , 1957 ; can . ent . 89 : 93 , f . 6 - 7 ; tl : rancho la sierra , near arlington , riverside co . , california
pyrausta shirleyae munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 102 , pl . u , f . 1 - 2 , 5 - 7 ; tl : pensacola , florida
pyrausta retidiscalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 126 , pl . t , f . 7 ; tl : the basin , big bend national park , texas
pyrausta andrei munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 127 , pl . t , f . 8 ; tl : green gulch , big bend national park , texas
pyrausta socialis perpallidalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 141 , pl . 9 , f . 35 - 36 ; tl : kusshi canyon , yakima co . , washington
pachyzancla aurea hampson , 1913 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 11 ( 66 ) : 515 ( ? preocc . pyrausta aurea butler , 1875 ) ; tl : presidio , mexico
pyrausta californicalis sierranalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 114 , pl . 6 , f . 17 - 18 ; tl : mineral spr . , tulare co . , california
pyrausta subgenerosa munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 118 , pl . k , f . 2 ; tl : chipmunk flat , near sonora pass , tuolumme co . , california
pyrausta fodinalis monticola munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 139 , pl . 9 , f . 30 - 32 ; tl : mt . shasta , siskiyou co . , california
pyrausta corinthalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1914 ; contr . nat . hist . lep . n . am . 2 ( 6 ) : 243 , pl . 1 , f . 27 ; tl : palmerlee , arizona
pyrausta pythialis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 164 , pl . 23 , f . 7 ; tl : cartwright , manitoba
pyrausta inveterascalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 165 , pl . 23 , f . 6 ; tl : new brighton , pennsylvania
pyrausta tuolumnalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 165 , pl . 23 , f . 11 ; tl : tuolumme meadows , california
pyrausta socialis socialis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 140 , pl . 9 , f . 33 - 34 , 37 , pl . k , f . 6 , pl . t , f . 10
pyrausta arizonensis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 131 , pl . 9 , f . 57 - 58 ( preocc . munroe , 1957 ) ; tl : prescott , yavapai co . , arizona
pyrausta sartoralis barnes & mcdunnough , 1914 ; contr . nat . hist . lep . n . am . 2 ( 6 ) : 242 , pl . 1 , f . 26 ; tl : loma linda , san bernardino co . , california
pyrausta roseivestalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 94 , pl . 8 , f . 41 , pl . j , f . 3 , l . s , f . 5 ; tl : vidal , california
pyrausta zonalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 164 , pl . 24 , f . 10 ; tl : palm sprs . , riverside co . , california
pyrausta ochreicostalis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 163 , pl . 23 , f . 8 ; tl : palm sprt . , riverside co . , california
pyrausta pilatealis barnes & mcdunnough , 1914 ; contr . nat . hist . lep . n . am . 2 ( 6 ) : 242 , pl . 1 , f . 25 ; tl : loma linda , san bernardino co . , california
pyrausta subsequalis borealis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 122 , pl . 5 , f . 19 - 21 , 23 - 25 , pl . 9 , f . 13 - 14 , 17 ; [ nacl ] , # 5060a
pyrausta pseudonythesalis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 105 , pl . 6 , f . 28 - 29 , pl . j , f . 5 , pl . s , f . 7 ; tl : vidal , california
pyrausta pseuderosnealis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 114 , pl . 8 , f . 9 - 13 , pl . j , f . 8 , pl . t , f . 4 ; tl : georgetown , texas
pyrausta subsequalis plagalis ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 123 , pl . 9 , f . 4 - 6 , 10 - 12 , 15 - 16 , 18 , pl . k , f . 3 ; [ nacl ] , # 5060b
pyrausta subsequalis petaluma munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 123 , pl . 9 , f . 1 - 3 , 7 - 9 , pl . t , f . 5 ; tl : petaluma , sonoma co . , california
pyrausta fodinalis septenrionicola munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 139 , pl . 9 , f . 27 - 29 , pl . k , f . 5 , pl . t , f . 9 ; tl : scandia , alberta
pyrausta klotsi munroe , 1976 ; : : mna13 . 2 : 108 , pl . 6 , f . 32 - 33 , pl . j , f . 7 , pl . t , f . 1 ; tl : ramsey canyon , huachuca mts . , arizona
pyrausta antisocialis munroe , 1976 ; [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) : 141 , pl . 9 , f . 38 - 39 , pl . k , f . 7 , pl . t , f . 11 ; tl : mcgaffey , zuñi mts . , mckinley co . , new mexico , 7500 '
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urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
deep rose to violet forewings have yellow along the leading edge and the fringes of the wing .
. the wedge entomological research foundation , p . 136 ; pl . 6 . 13 - 14 .
walker , f . , 1859 . pyralides . list of the specimens of the lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . london , 19 : 925 .
check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . hodges , et al . ( editors ) . 1983 . e . w . classey , london . 284 pp .
arthropods of florida and neighboring land areas : lepidoptera of florida j . b . heppner . 2003 . florida department of agriculture 17 ( 1 ) : 1 - 670 .
the moths of america north of mexico . fascicle 13 . 2b . pyraloidea , pyralidae ( part ) , pyraustinae , pyraustini ( conclusion ) . . . munroe , eugene . 1976 . the wedge entomological research foundation .
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munroe , e . , 1976 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 13 . 2b , p . 136 ; pl . 6 . 13 - 14 . order
forewing deep rose to violet ; yellow along costa near apex , and along terminal areas and fringes of all wings . am . and pm . lines edged unevenly with yellow ; median blotches also yellow . hindwing rose to gray with thin yellow median bar .
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new york - to ( arizona , texas ) , tropical america . see [ maps ]
from ( washington - montana ) - to ( california - texas ) . see [ maps ]
washington - california , w . arizona , n . mexico . see [ maps ]
paraedis napaealis hulst , 1886 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 13 : 145 ; tl : california
loxostege linealis fernald , 1894 ; insect life 6 : 255 ; tl : argus mts . , california
california ( mojave desert , los angeles ) - s . nevada , s . arizona - texas ( big bend ) . see [ maps ]
botis lethalis grote , 1881 ; can . ent . 13 ( 2 ) : 33 ; tl : [ havilah ] , california
texas , colorado , arizona - mexico ( chiapas ) . see [ maps ]
botis volupialis grote , 1877 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 3 ( app . ) : 799 ; tl : hills w of denver , colorado
washington ( yakima co . ) , california - texas , nevada ( clark co . ) , mexico . see [ maps ]
metasia morenalis dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 58 ; tl : grapevine , california
botis atropurpuralis grote , 1877 ; can . ent . 9 ( 6 ) : 104 ; tl : texas , belfrage
from ( quebec - british columbia ) - utah , colorado , nevada , california . see [ maps ]
washington , california , utah , colorado , wyoming , arizona . see [ maps ]
botis augustalis grote , 1881 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 6 ( 2 ) : 273 ( preocc . felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) ; tl : colorado
from ( british columbia - ontario ) - to ( north carolina , south carolina , texas , arizona ) . see [ maps ]
botys ( rhodaria ) vinulenta grote & robinson , 1867 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 1 : 17 ( ? repl . rhodaria signatalis walker , [ 1866 ] ) ; tl : north america
w . pennsylvania - s . ontario , illinois , missouri . see [ maps ]
syllythria rosa druce , 1895 ; biol . centr . - amer . ins . lep . het . 3 : pl . 60 , f . 19
nova scotia - michigan - to ( florida - texas ) . see [ maps ]
endotricha julialis walker , 1859 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 17 : 389 ( part )
botys augustalis felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 134 , f . 26
pachyzancla xanthomela hampson , 1913 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 11 ( 66 ) : 515 ; tl : purulha , guatemala
florida - na . georgia , iowa , kansas , oklahoma , texas . see [ maps ]
botys onythesalis walker , 1859 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 18 : 734
california , nevada , arizona , new mexico , texas . see [ maps ]
south carolina - florida , west indies , ca , sa . see [ maps ]
rhodaria insignitalis guenée , 1854 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 8 : 173 ; tl : [ rio maroni ] , cayenne
botis flavofascialis grote , 1882 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 6 ( 3 ) : 577 ; tl : new mexico
florida - south carolina , louisiana , e . texas . see [ maps ]
na . georgia - florida , west indies , tropical , queensland . see [ maps ]
larva on hyptis capitata , dicerandra frutescens smedley , mccormick & eisner , 1990 , j . lep . soc . 44 ( 3 ) : 156
botys californicalis packard , 1873 ; ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 : 260 ; tl : california
larva on mentha sp . , ( california ) [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 114
texas , florida , louisiana , arkansas , missouri , illinois , oklahoma , mexico . see [ maps ]
botis dapalis grote , 1881 ; can . ent . 13 ( 1 ) : 17 ; tl : california
712x659 ( ~ 89kb ) russia , moscow area ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , 8 . 8 . 2009 , photo © d . smirnov
827x557 ( ~ 97kb ) russia , moscow area , 26 . 7 . 2010 ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , photo © d . smirnov
980x598 ( ~ 109kb ) russia , moscow area ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , 1 . 8 . 2009 , photo © d . smirnov
673x646 ( ~ 110kb ) russia , moscow area , 10 . 8 . 2010 ( 36°25 ' e , 56°00 ' n ) , photo © d . smirnov
500x343 ( ~ 22kb ) finland : ka : virolahti , 671 : 53 , 27 . 7 . 1973 , markku savela leg .
herbula ? submarginalis walker , [ 1866 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 34 : 1286 ( preocc . walker , 1866 )
from ( ontario - alberta ) - florida , missouri . see [ maps ]
botys generosa grote & robinson , 1867 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 1 : 20 , pl . 2 , f . 10 ; tl : pennsylvania
newfoundland , s . canada - to ( florida , new mexico , california ) . see [ maps ]
larva on satureia hortensis , monarda [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 120
w . northwest territory , yukon , alaska ? , rocky mountains . see [ maps ]
500x318 ( ~ 18kb ) finland : om : perho jänkä , 7020 : 376 , 10 . 6 . 1971 , markku savela leg .
500x339 ( ~ 21kb ) finland : ka : virolahti , 20 . 7 . 1970 , markku savela leg .
herbula subsequalis guenée , 1854 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 8 : 177 ; tl : north ameria
900x678 ( ~ 83kb ) usa : pike national forest , sugar creek on cr - 67 ( about 39°18 ' n 105°10 ' w ) , douglas co . , co , 29 . 7 . 2012 , photo © markku savela
s . nova scotia , s . ontario - to ( illinois - n . florida , mississippi , e . texas )
( deltoides & pyralides ) pl . 8 , f . 3 ( repl .
botis tatalis grote , 1877 ; can . ent . 9 ( 6 ) : 106 ; tl : [ texas , belfrage ]
botys perrubralis packard , 1873 ; ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 : 264 ; tl : california
botis scurralis hulst , 1886 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 13 : 155 ; tl : arizona
s . british columbia - california , nevada , colorado , arizona . see [ maps ]
botys semirubralis packard , 1873 ; ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 : 263 ; tl : california
botys unifascialis packard , 1873 ; ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 : 261 ; tl : california
s . new york - to ( illinois - florida , texas ) , mexico - venezuela , west indies . see [ maps ]
syllythria idessa druce , 1895 ; biol . centr . - amer . ins . lep . het . 3 : pl . 60 , f . 20
new jersey - florida , missouri , texas , oklahoma , s . california . see [ maps ]
from ( nova scotia - ontario , missouri ) - to ( n . florida - texas ) . see [ maps ]
s . canada - to ( florida - colorado ) . see [ maps ]
botis niveicilialis grote , 1875 ; bull . buffalo soc . nat . sci . 2 : 232 ; tl : new york
botys fodinalis lederer , 1863 ; wien . ent . monats . 7 ( 10 ) : 369 , ( 12 ) : 461 , pl . 8 , f . 9 ; tl : california
larva on monardella villosa , ( reared ) [ mna13 . 2 ] ( b ) , 138
botis socialis grote , 1877 ; can . ent . 9 ( 6 ) : 107 ; tl : canada
= hapalia bicoloralis ; whalley , 1963 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 13 ( 11 ) : 446
botys tinctalis lederer , 1863 ; wien . ent . monats . 7 ( 10 ) : 371 , ( 12 ) pl . 9 , f . 5 ; tl : venezuela
botys extinctalis lederer , 1863 ; wien . ent . monats . 7 ( 10 ) : 372 , ( 12 ) pl . 9 , f . 18 ; tl : himalaya ?
botys catasemalis röber , 1891 ; tijdschr . ent . 34 : 334 ; tl : key i .
botys aulicalis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 75 ; tl : jamaica
botys villicalis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 76 ; tl : jamaica
botys matronulalis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 76 ; tl : jamaica
botys collustralis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 76 ; tl : jamaica
botys hilaralis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 77 ; tl : jamaica
botys meropialis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 77 ; tl : jamaica
botys janiralis möschler , 1886 ; abh . senckenb . nat . ges . 14 ( 3 ) : 78 ; tl : jamaica
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[ spl ] varis , v . ( ed ) , ahola , m . , albrecht , a . , jalava , j . , kaila , l . , kerppola , s . , kullberg , j . , 1995
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histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptéres . tome huitiéme . deltoides et pyralites
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
in uhler , p . r . report upon the insects collected by p . r . uhler during the explorations of 1875 , including monographs of the families
a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 1
a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 2
histoire naturelle , générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes . ouvrage faisant suite a l ' histoire naturelle générale et particuliére , composée par leclerc de buffon , et redigée par c . s . sonnini , member de plusieurs sociétés savantes
descriptions of lepidopterous insects collected the late dr . f . stoliczka during the indian - government mission to yarkund in 1873
( a ) : 1 - 78 , pl . 1 - 4 , a - h , ( b ) : 79 - 150 , pl . 5 - 9 , j - u
list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . supplement
whalley , 1963 a revision of the world species of the genus endotricha zeller ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 13 ( 11 ) : 395 - 454 , pl . 1 - 37
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
the wingspan is ca . 20 mm . the moth flies from may to september depending on the location . the species is active during the day .
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pyrausta apicalis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by hampson in 1913 .

it is found in south africa , swaziland and zimbabwe .

pyrausta apicalis

species pyrausta augustalis ( c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer in c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875 )
species pyrausta carnifex ( c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer in c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875 )
species pyrausta chilialis ( c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer in c . felder , r . felder & rogenhofer , 1875 )
maes k . v . n . 2009 . a checklist of the pyrausta species of africa with description of new species ( lepidoptera , pyraloidea , crambidae , pyraustinae ) . - journal of afrotropical zoology 5 : 41—51 .
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[ ghana ] , gold coast , kumasi , leg . h . whiteside .
hampson g . f . 1917f . descriptions of new pyralidae in the sub - family pyraustinae . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 8 ) 20 ( 119 ) : 369–384 .
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[ zimbabwe ] , mashonaland , salisbury [ harare ] , iv . 1899 , leg . g . a . k . marshall .
hampson g . f . 1913b . descriptions of new pyralidae of the subfamily pyraustinae . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 8 ) 12 ( 67 ) : 1—38 ; ( 69 ) : 299—319 .
hampson g . f . 1913a . descriptions of new pyralidae of the subfamily pyraustinae . - annals and magazine of natural history ( 8 ) 11 ( 63 ) : 322—342 ; ( 66 ) : 509—530 .
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cephalotes poinari is a species of arboreal ant of the genus cephalotes , characterized by an odd shaped head and the ability to " parachute " by steering their fall if they drop off of the tree they 're on .

giving their name also as gliding ants .

cephalotes poinari

the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see cephalotes poinari for further details
a member of the multispinosus clade differing from its outgroup species , cephalotes poinari , for the ci < 143 and from its ingroup species for the absence of vertexal denticles . hispaniolicus results as the second ingroup species of the clade ( after poinari ) and , in turn , outgroup of all remaining species . its affinities , however , are much greater with the mexican fossil poinari than with the next ingroup species ( the equally dominican fossil cephalotes squamosus ) . hispaniolicus shares with poinari broad ( as compared with those of the other ingroup species ) lamellar expansions of the mesosoma , one of the two highest ci ' s within the clade , and a superficial sculpturation .
richness of cephalotes species ( countries with darker colours are more species - rich ) . for a list of species and subspecies see the checklist of cephalotes species or for valid names only see cephalotes species .
one of a number of cephalotes fossil species that are known from dominican amber .
the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see cephalotes hispaniolicus for further details
a member of the multispinosus clade differing from all the other species of the clade , in the worker , by the ci > 155 . it shares with cephalotes hispaniolicus ( the first ingroup species ) the vertex without denticles and the propodeal lamellae inserted after the beginning of the basal face . c . poinari differs from hispaniolicus by the shape of the propodeal lamellae : triangular , projecting and pointed , instead of narrow and obtuse .
practically , if one disposes of abundant cephalotes nest series , he should be able to recognise the members of the hamulus clade at glance by their possibly unique possession of one very important plesiomorphy : the absence of soldiers and the monomorphism of the worker caste , a character state unknown in other cephalotes ( though it may be present in the poorly known species cephalotes placidus and cephalotes oculatus in the atratus clade ) , but which is the rule among the species of the sister genus procryptocerus .
a relatively large clade containing ten recent species . it roughly corresponds to the former subgenus cyathomyrmex but cephalotes setulifer has been excluded from it .
this small clade possess no known strong synapomorphies . the sole character resulting uniquely shared by descent among its two members and resulting from our analysis are the propodeal spines of the gyne , diverging backwards . this character is rare but not unique within cephalotes and we are rather sceptical about its phylogenetic importance . see also the introduction to the patei clade . to increase the insecurity about the distinction between this clade and the emeryi clade , one could add that cephalotes crenaticeps and cephalotes emeryi ( belonging to the emeryi clade ) are rather similar in pilosity and for having the gaster anteriorly without lobes .
an additional probable synapomorphy for the species of this clade is a character not considered in our data matrix : the capacity of the soldiers to secrete camouflage material . we have evidence of soldiers with the head more or less covered by such material for all the species of the clade . we did not include the secretion of camouflage material in our list of characters because of the difficulty to obtain evidence of its absence for a number of species . this trait , however , is homoplastically present also outside the pallens clade at least in cephalotes setulifer , cephalotes coffeae , and , probably , cephalotes patei .
full reference : c . baroni urbani . 1999 . taxonomic names , in diversity and adaptation in the ant genus cephalotes , past and present . stuttgarter beiträge zur naturkunde serie b ( geologie und paläontologie ) 271
de andrade , m . l . ; baroni urbani , c . 1999 . diversity and adaptation in the ant genus cephalotes , past and present . stuttgarter beitrage zur naturkunde series b ( geolgie and palaontologie ) . 271 : 1 - 889 .
this clade contains two dominican fossil species and a recent one from curacao . the exact relationships among the three and with other cephalotes species may be subject to future changes since all of them are only known from workers . its members are unique within a large , terminal cephalotes clade comprising 52 species , for the secondary loss of the coloration of the frontal carinae . this character is likely to have an obvious adaptive and a doubtful phylogenetic meaning . see also the introduction to the patei clade .
the following is based on de andrade , m . l . ; baroni urbani , c . 1999 . diversity and adaptation in the ant genus cephalotes , past and present . stuttgarter beitrage zur naturkunde series b ( geolgie and palaontologie ) . 271 : 1 - 889 .
de andrade , m . l . ; baroni urbani , c . 1999 . diversity and adaptation in the ant genus cephalotes , past and present . stuttgarter beitrage zur naturkunde series b ( geolgie and palaontologie ) . 271 : 1 - 889 . ( page 296 , figs . 14d , 126 worker described )
we are inclined to recognise a significant phylogenetic value to characters 2 and 3 . the crucial fact forcing the distinction between the pusillus clade and the laminatus clade , however , is the position of the insufficiently known species solidus ( q . v . ) - intermediate between the two clades in our cephalotes phylogeny . this position may be subject to change after discovery of the solidus soldier , gyne and male .
this clade contains a small set of seven species characterised by a unique but important synapomorphy : the hind femora of the soldier with a dorsal crest . only the nominal species grandinosus has a broad geographical distribution ; other members of the clade appear to be restricted to the brazilian - peruvian rain forests and two species are fossil in dominican amber . the recent species of this clade are also among the minority of cephalotes with light colours . the coloration , of course , can not be assessed with certainty for the fossils .
a relatively large clade comprising 10 species characterised by combinations of characters present homoplastically also in other clades and secondarily lost in a few ingroup species . two of these characters appear as synapomorphic in our phylogenetic reconstruction : the propodeum with 4 or 5 pairs of lateral denticles and the petiole dorsally armed . the combination of these two traits in characterising this clade is suggestive of what we understand as one of the major evolutionary trends in cephalotes : improving its passive defence system . all the members of the clade are south american , particularly abundant in the tropical zone , and extending up to colombia as the northernmost limit .
as already intuitively proposed by emery ( 1922 ) and by kempf ( 1958 ) this is a very distinctive clade containing only one species characterised by the following five autapomorphies : characters 8 : 0 - > 2 , 50 : 0 - > 1 , 108 : 0 - > 1 , 118 : 0 - > 1 , 126 : 0 - > 1 . in spite of the resulting isolate status within the cephalotes phylogeny , umbraculatus shows some characters clearly intermediate between its most adjacent clades as listed under the discussion of the species . umbraculatus appears to be one of the commonest species of the genus in large parts of the neotropical rain forests .
the two species constituting this clade have been considered as only one ( pusillus ) by kempf ( 1951 ) . pusillus was regarded by kempf ( 1 . c . ) as a member of his
spinosus species group
which is roughly equivalent to our laminatus clade and with which it shares several characters . in our analysis pusillus and columbicus result separate and paraphyletic respect to the laminatus clade . the main reason for this is the presence of fine reticulation under the head , a character present in cephalotes solidus and in all the members of the laminatus clade but absent in pusillus and columbicus . another character separating pusillus and columbicus from the members of the laminatus clade ( absence of angulate femora in the former vs . presence in the latter ) is actually present only in the basal species of the laminatus clade and absent in the internal ones . the synapomorphies of the pusillus clade resulting from our phylogenetic reconstruction are the following :
a small clade containing only 5 , very distinctive , species , all restricted to a broad sinaloan - sonoran region from arizona to the states of jalisco and morelos to the south and including las islas de tres marias . these species are easily recognizable and , in our cladogram , they are characterised by a set of six synapomorphies : for the workers , ( 1 ) the postoccipital suture extending over the ventral side of the head , ( 2 ) the first gastral tergite striate , ( 3 ) the loss of gastral coloured spots , ( 4 ) the presence of erect , truncate hairs , and , for the soldiers , ( 5 ) the antennal scrobes terminating below the eyes , and , for the gynes , ( 6 ) loss of the gastral coloured spots ( a trait not necessarily correlated with the analogous one of workers ) . in spite of their compact phylogenetic robustness and unequivocal presence of advanced synapomorphies ( soldiers and gynes with disc , etc . ) , the workers of the species of this clade bear a strong , superficial similarity with the basalmost cephalotes clade : the hamulus clade .
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baroni urbani , 1999a : 296 , figs . 14d , 126 ( w . )
mexican amber , chiapas , mexico ; middle miocene ( 13 - 20 ma ) .
holotype mex 2 - 2 , other specimen mex 2 - 3 , in poinar collection , oregon state university , corvallis , oregon , u . s . a .
de andrade m . l . , baroni urbani c . 1999 . diversity and adaptation in the ant genus
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in the figure caption . for websites , images must be clearly identified as coming from urltoken , with a backward link to the respective source page . see how to cite antweb .
antweb is funded from private donations and from grants from the national science foundation , deb - 0344731 , ef - 0431330 and deb - 0842395 . c : 2
the following information is derived from barry bolton ' s new general catalogue , a catalogue of the world ' s ants .
de andrade , in de andrade & baroni urbani , 1999 : 298 , figs . 13d , 127 ( w . ) dominican amber ( miocene ) .
unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description .
head only slightly broader than long . frontal carinae not upturned above the eyes . vertexal margin concave and with a short
neck
medially . vertex without denticles . eyes not strongly protruding . mandibles laterally angulate .
mesosoma . scapular angles absent or not visible in dorsal view . pronotum protruding anteriorly ; anterior pronotal border straight . pronotal sides with a long , semitransparent lamella obliquely truncate in front . promesonotal suture absent sides of the mesonotum nearly unarmed . propodeal suture impressed . propodeum with weakly differentiate basal and declivous faces ; sides of the basal face anteriorly straight , posteriorly bearing a lamellae , obtuse anteriorly and prolonging backwards to the declivous face .
petiole without distinct anterior and posterior faces . petiolar and postpetiolar dorsum concave and weakly bicarinate . petiolar sides with a broad , round , semitransparent lamella medially . postpetiolar sides anteriorly with another broad , pointed , semitransparent lamella .
fore coxae angulate . mid and hind femora angulate . mid and hind basitarsi flat and with broad base .
sculpture . head minutely punctate and with superficial foveae variably clumped diminishing in size anteriorly . ventral face of the head with the same type of sculpture as on the anterior part of the dorsum . mesosoma minutely reticulate and with foveae as broad as their inters paces , the foveae less regular on the propodeum . peduncular segments with the same type of sculpture as on the propodeum hut denser . pleurae , gaster and legs reticulate . centre of the first gastral sternite superficially shining .
pilosity . each fovea with a thin , appressed hair ; similar hairs on the gaster . border of the vertexal angles with rare , minute , clubbed hairs . posterior border of the gastral tergites and of the sternites with clubbed hairs of variable size .
colour . frontal carinae , pronotal lamellae , propodeal lamellae and gastral lamellae dark brown and semitransparent .
measurements ( in mm ) and indices : tl 4 . 39 ; hl 0 . 98 ; hw 1 . 40 ; el 0 . 20 ; pw 1 . 15 ; pew 0 . 49 ; ppw 0 . 50 ; hbal 0 . 47 ; hbaw 0 . 18 ; ci 142 . 8 ; pi 121 . 7 ; ppei 234 . 7 ; pppi 230 . 0 ; hbai 38 . 3 .
this page was last modified on 17 june 2018 , at 11 : 32 .
baroni urbani , in de andrade & baroni urbani , 1999 : 296 , figs . 14d , 126 ( w . ) mexican amber .
head broader than long . frontal carinae not upturned above the eyes . vertexal angles with broad , round lamella and with weakly crenulate margin . vertexal margin concave and with a salient
neck
medially . vertex without denticles . eyes strongly protruding . mandibles laterally angulate .
mesosoma . scapular angles absent . anterior pronotal border straight . pronotal sides with a strongly projecting , broad , long , anteriorly truncate , semitransparent lamella . promesonotal suture superficially impressed . sides of the mesonotum armed with a pair of obtuse teeth . propodeal suture impressed . propodeum with differentiate basal and declivous faces ; sides of the basal face straight ; sides of the declivous face with a broad , obtuse , semitransparent , lamellaceous triangular expansion .
petiole with truncate anterior face . petiolar and postpetiolar dorsum concave and bicarinate . petiolar sides with a broad , round , semitransparent lamella medially . postpetiolar sides anteriorly with another broad , obtuse , semitransparent lamella .
sculpture . head minutely reticulate - punctate and with superficial foveae larger than their interspaces , diminishing in size anteriorly , rare on the frontal carinae . ventral face of the head with the same type of sculpture as on the anterior part of the dorsum . pronotum sculptured as the posterior part of the head dorsum but with sparser foveae . mesonotum reticulate - punctate and with foveae larger than those on the pronotum . basal face of the propodeum reticulate and with irregular , dense foveae . pedicel reticulate - punctate and with rare , small foveae . declivous face of the propodeum , pleurae , gastral tergites , sides of the first gastral sternite , remaining sternites and legs strongly reticulate . mesopleurae with additional , thin , longitudinal rugosities . first gastral tergite longitudinally rugulose close to the articulation with the postpetiole . centre of the first gastral sternite superficially shining .
pilosity . each fovea with a thin , appressed hair . border of the vertexal angles and peduncular expansions with rare hairs of two types ( 1 ) short , slightly clubbed and ( 2 ) pointed and longer than the type ( 1 ) . posterior border of the gastral tergites and of the sternites with long , pointed hairs .
colour . frontal carinae , vertexal angles , pronotal lamellae , propodeal lamellae and gastral lamellae dark orange and semitransparent .
measurements ( in mm ) and indices : tl 5 . 06 ; hl 1 . 02 ; hw 1 . 87 ; el 0 . 18 ; pw 1 . 62 ; pew 0 . 55 ; ppw 0 . 65 ; ci 183 . 3 ; pi 115 . 4 ; ppei 294 . 5 ; pppi 249 . 2 .
holotype worker ( unique ) in mexian amber gopc no . mex . 2 - 2 .
this species is named after dr . george o . poinar , jr . who gave us this and many more superb amber specimens for study .
this page was last modified on 17 june 2018 , at 11 : 33 .
this page was last modified on 13 november 2017 , at 22 : 40 .
a relatively large clade containing nine recent and one fossil species . it is characterized by the following synapomorphies : ( 1 ) worker propodeum with a pair of spines shorter than the basal face , a trait secondarily lost among the more specialized species inca and basalis ; ( 2 ) worker with incrassate fore femora , a character invariant within the clade and similar but probably not homologous to the condition characteristic of procryptocerus , and , ( 3 ) soldier without vertexal denticles . in our reconstruction this character state results as a secondary loss of the clade which should have been re - gained among the most specialised species basalis and cordiventris .
within the hamulus clade we recognise eight valid species and there is a possible , insufficiently known , ninth species . all these species are presumably endemic on the island of hispaniola and two of them are known only from copal samples of probable historical age . one could expect to encounter them again in the recent fauna of the island .
a circumstance apparently contrasting with the antiquity of the clade is that its members are very similar each other and are likely to be the product of relatively young speciation events , a hypothesis supported also by palaeogeographic evidence . the main diagnostic characters among them appear to be confined to integumental sculpture , pilosity and coloration . as a result of this situation , the internal phylogeny of the clade is far from being properly understood and , due to our incapacity to detect sufficient , plausible synapomorphies , the internal phylogeny of this clade should be considered as tentative .
a small clade containing only two argentinean species characterised by having soldiers with the cephalic disc concave and with irregular foveae bearing clavate hairs not surpassing the border of the foveae . the gynes of both species are also unique in the shape of the disc : concave in the two anterior thirds and flat posteriorly . both species appear to be rather rare : fewer than 20 specimens are known .
1 . frontal carinae of the soldier not reaching the vertex . this character is present also in some ingroup species of the laminatus clade .
by means of the constraints command of paup we forced solidus to into a clade corresponding to kempf’s
angustus group
. all 14 resulting possible optimal trees are only two steps longer than our phylogeny of fig . 24 . the position of solidus is constant in all 14 trees : it results as the outgroup species of all the other members of kempf ' s
angustus group
.
a small clade ( 6 species ) comparable under several respects to its sister clade , wheeleri . its members , however , lack the six synapomorphies characteristic of the wheeleri clade and are grouped together by the following ones , absent in the latter : worker propodeum with three pairs of lateral denticles and , presumably , in spite of the limited evidence available , the internal border of the aedeagus narrowly concave . there is abundant presumptive evidence suggesting that most species of this clade should be obligatory inhabitants of epiphytes . these species range from southern united states up to costa rica to the south .
this page was last modified on 1 july 2017 , at 18 : 18 .
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type specimen : poinar mex 2 - 2 , an exoskeleton . its type locality is mexican amber ( poinar coll ) , which is in a miocene terrestrial amber in mexico .
credits - computer translations are provided by a combination of our statistical machine translator , google , microsoft , systran and worldlingo .
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list of ants from dominican amber ( miocene ) 20 - 30 million years ago . dominican amber differentiates itself from baltic amber by being mostly transparent and often containing a higher number of fossil inclusions . this has enabled the detailed reconstruction of the ecosystem of a long - vanished tropical forest . resin from the extinct species hymenaea protera is the source of dominican amber and probably of most amber found in the tropics . it is not
succinite
but
retinite .
[ 1 ] ward , p . s . 1992 . ants of the genus pseudomyrmex ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) from dominican amber , with a synopsis of the extant antillean species . psyche ( camb . ) 99 : 55 - 85
[ 2 ] lattke , j . e . 1991b [ 1990 ] . the genus proceratium roger in dominican amber ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . caribb . j . sci . 26 : 101 - 103
[ 3 ] wilson , e . o . 1985a . ants of the dominican amber ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . 1 . two new myrmicine genera and an aberrant pheidole . psyche ( camb . ) 92 : 1 - 9
[ 4 ] wilson , e . o . 1985b . ants of the dominican amber ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . 2 . the first fossil army ants . psyche ( camb . ) 92 : 11 - 16
[ 5 ] wilson , e . o . 1985c . ants of the dominican amber ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) . 3 . the subfamily dolichoderinae . psyche ( camb . ) 92 : 17 - 37
lattke , j . e . 2003a . the genus platythyrea roger , 1863 in dominican amber ( hymenoptera : formicidae : ponerinae ) . entomotropica 18 : 107 - 111
this page was last modified on 12 june 2018 , at 13 : 52 .