ahamus lijiangensis is a species of moth of the family hepialidae .

it was described by chu and wang in 1985 , and is known from yunnan , china .

ahamus lijiangensis

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ahamus lijiangensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
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ahamus yushuensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus altaicola ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus zhayuensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus jianchuanensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus anomopterus ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 117
ahamus yunnanensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus yunlongensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus luquensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 117
ahamus zadoiensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus gangcaensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus maquensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus zou & zhang , 2010 ; j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116 ; ts : hepialus jianchuanensis yang
? ahamus menyuanensis [ sic , recte menyuanicus ] ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 116
ahamus anomopterus , a . gangcaensis , a . jianchuanensis , a . lijiangensis , a . luquensis , a . maquensis , a . sichuanus , a . yulongensis , a . yunlongensis , a . yunnanensis , a . yushuensis , a . zadoiensis , a . zhayuensis , bipectilus yunnanensis , endoclita davidi , gazoryctra ganna , hepialus xiaojinensis , magnificus jiuzhiensis , m . zhiduoensis , parahepialus nebulosus , pharmacis carna , p . fusconebulosa , p . pyrenaicus , thitarodes albipictus , t . armoricanus , t . baimaensis , t . baqingensis , t . bibelteus , t . biruensis , t . callinivalis , t . cingulatus , t . damxungensis , t . deqinensis , t . dongyuensis , t . ferrugineus , t . gonggaensis , t . jialangensis , t . jinshaensis , t . kangdingensis , t . kangdingroides , t . latitegumenus , t . litangensis , t . markamensis , t . meiliensis , t . namensis , t . namlinensis , t . oblifurcus , t . pratensis , t . pui , t . renzhiensis , t . varians , t . xunhuaensis , t . yeriensis , t . zaliensis , t . zhongzhiensis
there are other species that share similar hosts as ophiocordyceps sinensis . for example , o . crassispora and c . kurijimeansis are recorded on thitarodes baimaensis and t . armoricanus , respectively ( table 2 ) . ophiocordyceps gracilis , o . lanpingensis , and o . laojunshanensis are recorded on ahamus altaicola , a . jianchuanensis , and a . yunnanensis , respectively ( table 2 ) . ophiocordyceps gracilis is also recorded on three more hosts hepialus humuli , korscheltellus lupulina , and parahepialus nebulosus . similarly , cordyceps hepialidicola is reported on endoclita excrescens and o . ramosissimum and o . xuefengensis on endoclita nodus ( table 2 ) .
= ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; jiang , li , li , li & han , 2016 , shilap revta . lepid . 44 ( 175 ) : 374
= ; jiang , li , li , li & han , 2016 , shilap revta . lepid . 44 ( 175 ) : 374
thitarodes ( hepialidae ) ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; jiang , li , li , li & han , 2016 , shilap revta . lepid . 44 ( 175 ) : 374
arizanus ( matsumura , 1931 ) ( hepialus ) ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1022 ; tl : japan
thitarodes arizanus ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
= ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
thitarodes armoricanus ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 117
thitarodes damxungensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus albipictus yang , 1993 ; acta zootax . sinica 18 : 184 ; tl : yunnan , deqin co . , renzhi snow mtn ( 28°52 ' n , 99°14 ' e , 4600 - 4780m )
thitarodes albipictus ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 117
hepialus jinshaensis yang , 1993 ; acta zootax . sinica 18 : 185 ; tl : yunnan , deqin co . , baima , ( 28°34 ' n , 99°18 ' e , 4600m )
thitarodes jinshaensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 117
hepialus deqinensis liang , 1988 ; zool . res . 9 ( 4 ) : 419 , 424 ; tl : yunnan , deqin county , jiawu snow mtn
thitarodes deqingensis [ sic , recte deqinensis ? ] ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus litangensis liang , 1995 ; zool . res . 16 : 210 , 212 ; tl : litang , sichuan
thitarodes litangensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus baimaensis liang , 1988 ; zool . res . 9 ( 4 ) : 419 , 424 ; tl : yunnan , deqin county , baimae
thitarodes baimaensis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus meiliensis liang , 1988 ; zool . res . 9 ( 4 ) : 420 , 425 ; tl : yunnan , deqin county , meili snow mtn
thitarodes meiliensis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus callinivalis liang , 1995 ; zool . res . 16 : 209 , 212 ; tl : meili snow mtn , deqin county , yunnan
thitarodes callinivalis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus jialangensis yang , 1994 ; zool . res . 15 ( 3 ) : 6 , 10 ; tl : xizang , zogang county , meili snow mtn ( 4000 - 4600m )
thitarodes jialangensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus xiaojinensis tu , ma & zhang , 2009 ; entomotaxonomia 31 : 123 , 126 ; tl : xiaojin co . ( 30°54 ' n , 102°18 ' e , 4300 - 4800m , sichuan
thitarodes richthofeni ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
dierli viette , 1968 ; ergeb . forsch . nepal himalaya 3 : 132 ; tl : nepal
thitarodes dierli ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda , 2000 , tinea 16 ( suppl . 1 ) : 74 ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
eberti viette , 1968 ; ergeb . forsch . nepal himalaya 3 : 130 ; tl : thodung , nepal
thitarodes eberti ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; ueda , 2000 , tinea 16 ( suppl . 1 ) : 74
danieli viette , 1968 ; ergeb . forsch . nepal himalaya 3 : 128 ; tl : nepal
thitarodes danieli ; [ nhm card ] ; ueda , 2000 , tinea 16 ( suppl . 1 ) : 71 ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
hepialus jianchuanensis yang , 1994 ; zool . res . 15 ( 3 ) : 5 , 10 ; tl : yunnan , jianchan county , laojun mtn , 2900 - 3100m
hepialus anomopterus yang , 1994 ; zool . res . 15 ( 3 ) : 7 , 10 ; tl : yunnan , jianchan county , laojun mtn , ( 2800 - 3100m )
hepialus yunnanensis yang , li & shen , 1992 ; zool . res . 13 : 245 , 249 ; tl : yunnan , laojun mtn , 26°45 ' n , 99°51 ' e
hepialus yulongensis liang , 1988 ; zool . res . 9 ( 4 ) : 421 , 425 ; tl : yunnan , lijiang , yulong snow mtn
thitarodes yulongensis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
thitarodes quadrata jiang , li , li , li & han , 2016 ; shilap revta . lepid . 44 ( 175 ) : 374 ; tl : china , sichuan , xiaojin
thitarodes sichuanus ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
thitarodes xizangensis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
thitarodes kangdingensis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes oblifurcus ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes baqingensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus ferrugineus li , yang & shen , 1993 ; acta ent . sinica 36 ( 4 ) : 495 , 496 ; tl : yunnan , baima snow mountain , 4200 - 4500m
thitarodes ferrugineus ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus gonggaensis fu & huang , 1991 ; acta ent . sinica 34 ( 3 ) : 362 ; tl : sichuan
thitarodes gonggaensis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes zhangmoensis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes kangdingroides ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus markamensis yang , li & shen , 1992 ; zool . res . 13 : 246 , 249 ; tl : xizang , markam county , nimasha snow mtn , 28°59 ' n 98°46 ' e
thitarodes markamensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus zaliensis yang , 1994 ; zool . res . 15 ( 3 ) : 7 , 10 ; tl : xizang , markam county , zhali snow mtn , 28°58 ' n 98°48 ' e , 4600 - 4900m
thitarodes zaliensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
= ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
thitarodes malaisei ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
sinarabesca ( bryk , 1942 ) ( hepialus ) ; ent . tidskr . 63 : 153 ; tl : kansu
thitarodes sinarabesca ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 847 ( list )
hepialus nebulosus alphéraky , 1889 ; in romanoff , mém . lép . 5 : 85 ; tl : ne . tibet
thitarodes nebulosus ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list )
thitarodes varius ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list )
thitarodes varians ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list )
hepialus variabilis bremer , 1861 ; bull . acad . imp . sci . st . petersb . 3 : 478
thitarodes variabilis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list )
thitarodes nipponensis ueda , 1996 ; bull . kitakyushu mus . nat . hist . 15 : 35 ; tl : japan , shirakawadani , izumimura , kumanoto pref .
thitarodes nipponensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list )
thitarodes luteus ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list )
hepialus renzhiensis yang , shen , yang , liang , dong , chun , lu & sinaduji , 1991 ; acta ent . sinica 34 ( 2 ) : 218 , 224 ; tl : yunnan
thitarodes renzhiensis ; [ nhm card ] ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus zhongzhiensis liang , 1995 ; zool . res . 16 : 207 , 211 ; tl : renzhi snow mtn , deqin county , yunnan
thitarodes zhongzhiensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus yeriensis liang , 1995 ; zool . res . 16 : 207 , 211 ; tl : yeri snow mtn , deqin county , yunnan
thitarodes yeriensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus pratensis yang , li & shen , 1992 ; zool . res . 13 : 247 , 250 ; tl : yunnan , deqin county , baima snow mtn , 28°23 ' n 99°01 ' e
thitarodes pratensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus cingulatus yang & zhang , 1995 ; acta ent . sinica 38 ( 3 ) : 360 , 362 ; tl : gansu , wenxian county , 3200m
thitarodes cingulatus ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus luquensis yang , yang & zhang , 1995 ; acta ent . sinica 38 ( 3 ) : 360 , 362 ; tl : gansu , luqu county , 34°13 ' n , 102°24 ' e , 4276m
hepialus xunhuaensis yang & yang , 1995 ; acta ent . sinica 38 ( 3 ) : 359 , 362 ; tl : qinghai , xunhua county , ( 35°38 ' n , 102°42 ' e ) , 3800m
thitarodes xunhuaensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( list ) ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus bibelteus shen & zhou , 1997 ; acta ent . sinica 40 ( 2 ) : 198 , 200 ; tl : meidu ( 28°22 ' n , 90°01 ' e ) , baima snow mountain , deqing county , 4500m , yunnan
thitarodes bibelteus ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
hepialus biruensis fu , 2002 ; acta ent . sinica 45 ( suppl . ) : 56 ; tl : xizang , biru county , 4400 - 4700m
hepialus biruens [ sic , recte biruensis ] ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes sejilaensis zou , liu & zhang , 2011 ; pan - pacific ent . 87 ( 2 ) : 107 ; tl : mt sejila , linzhi county , tibet , 4500m , 29°36 ' n , 94°35 ' e
thitarodes harutai ueda , 2000 ; tinea 16 ( suppl . 1 ) : 85 ; tl : nepal , mechi , laam pokhari , 2850m
thitarodes jiachaensis zou , liu & zhang , 2011 ; pan - pacific ent . 87 ( 2 ) : 110 ; tl : jiancha county , tibet , 535m , 29°26 . 714 ' n , 94°42 . 888 ' e
thitarodes kingdonwardi ueda , 2000 ; tinea 16 ( suppl . 1 ) : 84 ; tl : se . tibet , tsangpo valley , nyima la ( 14000ft )
thitarodes kishidai ueda , 2000 ; tinea 16 ( suppl . 1 ) : 81 ; tl : nepal , lete nr nilgiri ( 2400m )
thitarodes limbui ueda , 2000 ; tinea 16 ( suppl . 1 ) : 85 ; tl : nepal , mechi , khambachen ( 3950m )
thitarodes maculatum ueda , 2000 ; tinea 16 ( suppl . 1 ) : 72 ; tl : nepal , chungbu khola ( 14500ft )
thitarodes namnai maczey , dhendup , cannon , hywl - jones & rai , 2010 ; zootaxa 2412 : 43 ; tl : bhutan , namna , n 27°44 ' 02 . 3
e 89°23 ' 32 . 2
, 4750m
thitarodes caligophilus maczey , dhendup , cannon , hywl - jones & rai , 2010 ; zootaxa 2412 : 47 ; tl : bhutan , namna , n 27°44 ' 02 . 3
e 89°23 ' 32 . 2
, 4750m
thitarodes hainanensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes namensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes xigazeensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes yongshengensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes dinggyeensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes nanmlinensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes pui ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
thitarodes yadongensis ; zou , liu & zhang , 2010 , j . hun . univ . sci . tech . 25 ( 1 ) : 118
dongyuensis ( yang et al . , 1996 ) ( hepialus ) ; ( nom . nud . )
dongyuensis ; nielsen , robinson & wagner , 2000 , j . nat . hist . 34 : 848 ( nom . nud . )
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lépidoptères rapportés du thibet par le général n . m . przewalsky de son voyage de 1884 - 1885 in romanoff ,
neue schmetterlinge aus den reichsmuseum in stockholm . nachtrag zur lepidopteren - ausbeute der sven hedinschen expedition ( 1927 - 1930 )
entomological results from the swedish expedition 1934 to burma and british india . lepidoptera : fam . notodontidae stephens , cossidae newman und hepialidae stephens gesammelt von rené malaise
zou , liu & zhang , 2011 two new species of thitarodes ( lepidoptera : hepialidae ) from tibet in china pan - pacific ent . 87 ( 2 ) : 106 - 113
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1 . aham 2 . aham - buddhi 3 . aham adih sarvasah 4 . aham brahma asmi 5 . aham brahman asmi 6 . aham brahmasmi 7 . aham buddhi 8 . aham eva akshayah kalah 9 . aham mrtyuh sarvaharah 10 . aham premasmi 11 . aham sharma 12 . aham tvam moksayisyami ma sucah 13 . ahamadpur 14 . ahambhava 15 . ahamed 16 . ahamed mohiyudheen noorishah jeelani 17 . ahamed nazeer zainulabdeen 18 . ahamidat alhoarh 19 . ahamitermes 20 . ahamkar 21 . ahamkara 22 . ahamkarta 23 . ahamkrta bhava 24 . ahammadpur 25 . ahamora
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cordyceps fr . is one of the hypocrealean genera , comprising more than 400 spp . that parasitize a wide range of insects and few fungal genera . externally , they produce clavate , cylindrical or thin filamentous , filiform stroma on the hosts . the history of exploring and identifying cordyceps fungi is long and stretches back to the 17th century [ 8 ] . one of the most popular fungi is ophiocordyceps sinensis ( syn . cordyceps sinensis ) that grows on hepialid larvae in the alpine grasslands of the himalayas and the tibetan plateau [ 9 ] . this host - fungus complex is traditionally highly revered for enhancing immunity , protecting lungs , enriching kidneys , restorative and tonic effects , treating impotence , and so forth [ 10 – 13 ] .
until the phylogenetic classification by sung et al . [ 14 ] , cordyceps remained a big genus placed in family clavicipitaceae of order hypocreales . however , phylogenetic studies showed that neither cordyceps nor clavicipitaceae was monophyletic [ 14 – 18 ] and hence cordyceps was segregated into several phylogenetic genera within three families of hypocreales [ 14 ] . according to the phylogenetic classification , cordyceps is now restricted to the clade containing the type species c . militaris , circumscribed to cordycipitaceae [ 14 ] . newly segregated genera ophiocordyceps and elaphocordyceps were placed under another family ophiocordycipitaceae ; the other two genera metacordyceps and tyrannicordyceps remained in clavicipitaceae sensu stricto [ 14 , 19 ] .
following the recent revision in the international code of nomenclature for algae , fungi , and plants ( icn ) , elaphocordyceps is now synonymized with tolypocladium [ 20 ] and metacordyceps with metarhizium [ 21 ] . drechmeria , podocrella , polycephalomyces , and sphaerocordyceps are other genera that consist of members that were formerly described under cordyceps . cordyceps along with the newly segregated genera is linked to many asexual insect - pathogenic genera distributed in all three families clavicipitaceae s . s . , cordycipitaceae , and ophiocordycipitaceae [ 4 , 14 , 20 ] . further synonymizations of genera are recently proposed within ophiocordycipitaceae following icn [ 22 ] .
the host range of cordyceps in classical sense is very broad and includes several orders ( coleoptera , lepidoptera , hymenoptera , hemiptera , orthoptera , araneae , diptera , blattodea , mantodea , dermaptera , odonata , phasmatodea , etc . ) . based on the published literature , nearly 60 % of the species of cordyceps sensu lato are recorded on two orders coleoptera and lepidoptera . the other major host orders are hymenoptera , hemiptera , orthoptera , and araneae . the majority of hosts ( more than 95 % ) in lepidoptera ( moths , butterflies ) and coleoptera ( beetle ) are larvae ; the rest are adults or pupae , making the host identification difficult . in contrast , majority of hosts in other orders are adults such as spiders ( araneae ) , fly ( diptera ) , ant , bee , and wasp ( hymenoptera ) , grasshopper , locust , and cricket ( orthoptera ) , cicada , bug , scale - insect , and coccid ( hemiptera ) , cockroach and termite ( blattodea ) , mantis ( mantodea ) , earwig ( dermaptera ) , dragonfly ( odonata ) , and stick - insect ( phasmatodea ) . why lepidopterans and coleopterans are mostly susceptible at larval stage while other orders are more susceptible at adult stage is not well understood .
cordyceps fungi range in habitat from aerial to epigeal to subterranean ones [ 74 ] , based on their respective host species . when the host stage is adult , they grow on exposed environments such as leaf litter or are attached to some plant parts such as leaf and branch and in contrast to the larval or pupal stages that are buried in soil ( hypogeal ) or on wood up to nearly 50 cm , for example , o . longissima [ 75 ] and o . xuefengensis [ 76 ] . ophiocordyceps caloceroides that is buried in the soil more than 50 cm is exceptional which grows on adult spiders [ 77 ] .
the pathogenic fungi sometimes produce parasite manipulated behaviors on hosts , such as death grip or biting behavior [ 78 – 80 ] . some of the parasitized ants always bite lower side veins but never the laminar blade or the upper surface [ 79 , 80 ] . similarly , some species of ants are attached to lower side of twigs whereas others are found attached to leaves [ 81 ] . in other cases , aphids , ants , grasshoppers , planthoppers , flies , and so forth shift to elevated position at the time of dying , known as summit disease [ 82 , 83 ] .
in this review , we present brief introductions of coleoptera and lepidoptera and their major subgroups parasitized by cordyceps fungi . we hope the present review will serve as a reference for researchers and scholars to get a quick look at coleopteran and lepidopteran hosts of cordyceps spp .
we accumulated host information from published literature and analysed the hosts that belonged to coleoptera and lepidoptera . we found that hosts of only 60 % of cordyceps fungi are known at family or genus / species ranks ; the rest are known only at the order rank and hence no further discussions of the hosts could be done for them . hence , in this review , we dealt with only those hosts that are known at family or infrafamily ranks within coleoptera and lepidoptera and tried to analyse the major taxonomic subgroups that are associated with cordyceps fungi . we also analysed the host stage among coleopteran and lepidopteran hosts based on published literature .
coleoptera is currently the most species - rich group on this planet [ 84 ] . the order is classified into four suborders ( polyphaga , adephaga , myxophaga , and archostemata ) [ 85 ] . polyphaga is the largest suborder covering 90 % of total beetle species and is classified into more than 170 families . adephaga is the second largest suborder , followed by myxophaga and archostemata . all the known coleopteran hosts belong to suborders polyphaga and adephaga under 8 superfamilies and 11 families . short descriptions of host families are given below , followed by cordyceps spp . recorded on them .
an aggregate list of coleopteran hosts ( family / genus / species ) of cordyceps species .
calathus sp . , calosoma sp . , carabus auronitens , c . coriaceus , c . glabratus , c . hortensis , c . intricatus , c . nemoralis , c . nemorensis , c . violaceus , coptolabrus sp . , hadrocarabus problematicus , pterostichus sp . leptura sp . diabrotica sp . apion flavipes ocypus sp . meneristes laticollis
members of this family are commonly called earth - boring dung beetles , which mostly excavate burrows to lay their eggs . they are normally detritivores but occasionally behave as coprophagous . cordyceps geotrupis is recorded on an adult of geotrupes sp . in this family ( table 1 ) .
members of this family are commonly called stag beetles . the name stag beetle is derived from the distinctive mandibles found on the males that resemble the antlers of stags . the larvae feed on rotting deciduous wood for several years before pupating . ophiocordyceps scottiana is recorded on rhyssonotus nebulosus in this family ( table 1 ) .
the long - horned beetles , also known as longicorns , are cosmopolitan , typically characterized by extremely long antennae , which are often as long as or longer than the beetle’s body . the larvae , called roundheaded borers , bore into wood , where they can cause extensive damage to either living trees or untreated lumber . four spp . are known from this family , all growing on larvae ( table 1 ) . they are ophiocordyceps dovei on oemona hirta , o . entomorrhiza on leptura sp . , o . larvicola on callidium sp . , and o . stylophora on phoracantha semipunctata .
the family , commonly known as leaf beetle , is one of the largest beetle families . adults and larvae feed on all sorts of plant tissues . most chrysomelids are conspicuously colored , typically in glossy yellow to red or metallic blue - green hues . ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza is recorded on adult of diabrotica sp . and o . superficialis on a chrysomelid larva ( table 1 ) .
it is a family of the pleasing fungus beetles . they feed on plant and fungal matter , a few of them being notable pests . cordyceps erotyli is recorded on adult of erotylus sp . in this family ( table 1 ) .
it is the family of the true weevils or snout beetles . weevils are almost entirely plant feeders . cordyceps militaris is recorded on larva of ips sexdentatus , ophiocordyceps curculionum on adult of heilipus celsus , o . entomorrhiza on adult of apion flavipes , and podocrella peltata on larva of cryptorhynchus corticicolus ( table 1 ) .
tenebrionids are often referred to as darkling beetles as they have usually black or brown elytra and are nocturnal in habit . they are found worldwide though they are more diverse in semiarid and arid ecosystems . adults of most species are saprophagous while larvae are mostly detritivores ( litter feeders ) or xylophagous . five spp . are recorded on larvae of this family ( table 1 ) : c . militaris on tenebrio molitor , o . acicularis on nictobates sp . , o . entomorrhiza on meneristes laticollis , and o . larvicola on cylindronotus sp . , helops caraboides , and h . lanipes . ophiocordyceps formosana is the fifth species recorded on larva of this family .
the rove beetles belong to family staphylinidae , primarily distinguished by their short elytra . the group is currently recognized as the largest family of beetles . they are an ecologically and morphologically diverse group of beetles and commonly encountered in terrestrial ecosystems . cordyceps memorabilis is recorded on adult of staphylinus sp . whereas ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza is recorded on larva of ocypus sp . cordyceps staphylinidicola and o . superficialis are other spp . recorded on larvae of this family ( table 1 ) .
among the coleopteran families , scarabaeidae is parasitized by the highest number of cordyceps fungi ( 27 spp . ) , followed by elateridae ( 15 spp . ) ( table 1 ) . among 55 parasitizing fungi ( table 1 ) , we found that only few parasitize more than one family . for example , ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza parasitizes 6 families , followed by o . stylophora ( 4 families ) , o . larvicola and o . superficialis ( 3 families each ) , and c . militaris , c . velutipes , and o . michiganensis ( 2 families each ) ( table 1 ) . from host range point of view , ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza shows the widest range , infecting 13 spp . in carabidae and one sp . in each cerambycidae , chrysomelidae , curculionidae , staphylinidae , and tenebrionidae ( table 1 ) . it is also exceptional in that it infects both larval and adult stages .
as mentioned earlier , larva is the most dominant host stage susceptible to cordyceps pathogens in coleoptera , with fewer adult stages being parasitized ( table 1 ) . besides o . entomorrhiza , six other spp . are recorded on coleopteran adults . they are c . erotyli , c . geotrupis , c . memorabilis , o . curculionum , o . salebrosa , and c . scarabaeicola ; the remaining ones are recorded on larvae .
lepidoptera is among the large orders of insects [ 121 ] . it has around 160 , 000 spp . that are classified into 4 suborders , 45 superfamilies , and 139 families [ 122 ] . out of four suborders ( aglossata , glossata , heterobathmiina , and zeugloptera ) , cordyceps and allied genera are known only from glossata . it is the largest suborder consisting of almost 99 . 9 % of all described lepidopterans [ 122 , 123 ] . it is further classified into six infraorders ( dacnonypha , acanthoctesia , lophocoronina , neopseustina , exoporia , and heteroneura ) [ 122 ] . among them , cordyceps hosts are known from two infraorders exoporia and heteroneura .
lepidopterans have from three to more than a dozen larval instars ( caterpillars ) , often five [ 123 , 124 ] , inhabiting as root - or stem - borers or foliage eaters and leaf - miners of angiosperms , usually within narrow range of host plants . lepidopterans have distinct feeding habits , basically plant - feeding during larval stage and nectar - feeding during adult stage . exoporia and heteroneura are discussed below in short , followed by cordyceps pathogens parasitizing them .
it is a small infraorder consisting of 636 spp . that are classified into 2 superfamilies [ 122 ] . cordyceps and allied genera are recorded only from the superfamily hepialoidea . the superfamily comprises five families that are distributed in diverse vegetation such as forest , shrubland , grassland , tundra , swamp , and bog with the most varied diet habit among moth families [ 123 , 125 ] . among the families , cordyceps spp . are recorded from family hepialidae alone ( table 2 ) .
cordyceps species recorded on hepialid hosts ( lepidoptera , glossata , exoporia , and hepialidae ) .
aenetus virescens , aoraia dinodes , a . ensyii , dasypodia selenophora , wiseana spp .
many species are recorded in australia and new zealand on hepialid hosts . for instance , cordyceps cranstounii , c . hawkesii , d . gunnii , o . robertsii , and o . taylorii are recorded on abantiades labyrinthicus and other abantiades spp . , aenetus virescens , aoraia dinodes , a . ensyii , dasypodia selenophora , oxycanus dirempta , and other oxycanus spp . , trictena atripalpis and other trictena spp . , wiseana spp . , and so forth ( table 2 ) . another cordyceps sp . rarely described on hepialus is c . militaris ( table 2 ) . besides that , cordyceps cuncunae and o . emeiensis are also recorded on hepialid hosts ( table 2 ) .
this infraorder consists of more than 98 % of lepidopteran species [ 122 ] . nine superfamilies among more than 30 in the infraorder are recorded as hosts of cordyceps spp . among the host families , tineidae is the only microlepidopteran family ; the rest are macrolepidopterans . papilionidae and pieridae are the two butterfly families , the rest being moths . the host families are briefly described below followed by cordyceps spp . recorded on them .
( 1 ) erebidae . it is the largest family in lepidoptera with 24 , 569 described spp . [ 122 ] . despite the high species richness , only two cordyceps spp . are recorded on this family . of them , c . militaris is recorded on calliteara pudibunda and leucoma salicis whereas c . nikkoensis is reported on a larva of the family ( table 3 ) .
cordyceps species recorded on heteroneuran hosts ( lepidoptera , glossata , and heteroneura ) .
bombyx mori andraca bipunctata calliteara pudibunda , leucoma salicis achlya flavicornis , ochropacha duplaris , tethea ocularis , tetheella fluctuosa biston panterinaria , lycia hirtaria dendrolimus pini , d . superans , macrothylacia rubi arcte coerula , colocasia coryli , euxoa ochrogaster , panolis flammea fentonia ocypete , lampronadata cristata , phalera assimilis , p . bucephala , syntypistis punctatella anisota senatoria callambulyx tatarinovii , laothoe populi , marumba sperchius , mimas tiliae , hyles euphorbiae , sphinx pinastri
— — amphipyra effusa , amphonyx duponchel , a . jatrophae , anceryx ello , cocytius sp . , macroglossum insipida , sphinx pinastri
( 2 ) noctuidae . it is commonly known as owlet moths . cordyceps militaris is recorded on 4 spp . of this family : arcte coerula , colocasia coryli , euxoa ochrogaster , and panolis flammea ( table 3 ) . ophiocordyceps elongata is recorded on acronicta americana . other species recorded in this family are cordyceps alpicola , c . bifusispora , c . bulolensis , c . cristata , and c . tuberculata ( table 3 ) .
( 3 ) notodontidae . its members are mainly concentrated in the tropical areas . some examples of this family are puss moths . cordyceps militaris is recorded on 5 spp . of this family . they are fentonia ocypete , lampronadata cristata , phalera assimilis , p . bucephala , and syntypistis punctatella ( table 3 ) .
( 1 ) limacodidae ( cochlididae ) . the members of this family are known as slug moths and are mostly tropical . ophiocordyceps cochlidiicola is recorded on larva and pupa of this family ( table 3 ) .
( 1 ) cossidae . the members are known as carpenter millers and are found worldwide . four spp . are recorded in this family . of them , metarhizium indigoticum is recorded on yakudza vicarius . two recently described spp . , ophiocordyceps arborescens and o . macroacicularis , are recorded on cossus sp . ( table 3 ) . the other species recorded on this family is cordyceps bassiana .
( 1 ) drepanidae . the members of this family have worldwide distribution . cordyceps militaris is recorded on 4 spp . of this family : achlya flavicornis , ochropacha duplaris , tethea ocularis , and tetheella fluctuosa ( table 3 ) .
( 1 ) tineidae . the members are small to medium - sized moths . they are worldwide in distribution but are particularly common in the palaeartic ecozone . cordyceps cardinalis is recorded on larva of this family ( table 3 ) .
( 1 ) papilionidae . it is a family of colorful swallowtail butterflies . some of the members are the largest butterflies in the world . the majority are distributed in the tropical region . cordyceps tuberculata is reported on adult of this family ( table 3 ) .
( 2 ) pieridae . it is a large family of butterfly , mostly distributed in the tropical parts of the world . its members are mostly white , orange , or yellow in pigmentation . metarhizium taii is reported on pieris rapae in this family ( table 3 ) .
( 1 ) geometridae . it is the second largest family in lepidoptera with 23 , 002 spp . [ 122 ] . it is commonly known as inch worms . some of the members are notorious pests . cordyceps militaris and c . riverae are recorded from this family parasitizing biston panterinaria , lycia hirtaria , and triphosa sp . ( table 3 ) .
( 1 ) bombycidae . it is known as silkworm family . the most well - known member is bombyx mori , native to northern china . cordyceps militaris is recorded on b . mori and c . michaelisii on a species of bombyx ( table 3 ) .
( 2 ) endromidae . this is a small family . cordyceps militaris is recorded on andraca bipunctata in this family ( table 3 ) .
( 3 ) saturniidae . the members include giant silk moths , royal moths , and emperor moths . they are described worldwide but are particularly known from tropical and subtropical regions . some of the members are the largest moth species . cordyceps longdongensis parasitizes actias artemis whereas c . militaris parasitizes anisota senatoria ( table 3 ) .
( 1 ) lasiocampidae . its members are known as snout moths or lappet moths . they are large in size with broad wings and are known worldwide . cordyceps militaris is reported on dendrolimus pini , d . superans , and macrothylacia rubi ( table 3 ) .
out of 22 spp . recorded on heteroneuran hosts ( table 3 ) , c . militaris has the widest host range , extending to 2 infraorders , 6 superfamilies , 10 families , and 29 spp . ( table 3 ) . it is a cosmopolitan species , distributed from sea level to more than 2000 m above sea level [ 126 ] . probably due to its wide host range and adaptability to wider habitats , this species demonstrates rapid in vitro growth and fructifications [ 127 ] . cordyceps tuberculata is another species recorded on multiple families . larva is the most suitable host for cordyceps spp . compared to pupa and adult ( table 3 ) .
in total , 16 families in lepidoptera ( 1 exoporian and 15 heteroneuran ) are identified as host families of cordyceps and allied genera . hepialidae , though a small family , hosts 6 cordyceps spp . , 1 drechmeria sp . , and 10 ophiocordyceps spp . ( table 2 ) . they are mostly distributed in either asia or australia / new zealand . after hepialidae , noctuidae and sphingidae are the families mostly infected by cordyceps spp . ( table 3 ) .
the analysis in the present review is based on the coleopteran and lepidopteran hosts that are identified at family or infrafamily ranks in the literature . out of estimated 200 spp . reported on coleopteran and lepidopteran hosts , we have enlisted 92 spp . based on their host records in the literature . we could not include the remaining species because of lack of information on infraorder ranks of their hosts . though the list is not complete for all coleoptera and lepidopteran hosts , the overall scenario of the taxonomic distributions of the hosts within coleoptera and lepidoptera can be viewed in the present review .
insect specimens , decaying or mummified with natural enemies , such as virus , bacteria , and fungi , are the good sources of biological control agents of specific insect groups , especially in agriculture , forests , and other natural communities . for example , the susceptible stages of hosts in nature could be informative for the application of entomopathogenic fungi to control harmful insect and pests .
in conclusion , we believe such reviews will attract wider audience towards economic and ecological benefits of entomopathogenic fungi including cordyceps , paving the way for interdisciplinary collaborations . such reviews will also generate interest in a wider audience including field entomologists , ecologists , biocontrol researchers , and biotechnologists in utilization of entomopathogenic fungi . the accumulative work on host information of other orders parasitized by cordyceps and its asexual genera is going on with the objective of expanding the insect - fungal pathogen index in future .
the authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper .
this work was supported by the research program of agricultural science and technology development ( pj008523 ) of the national institute of horticultural and herbal science and by korea national arboretum ( project no . kna 1 - 1 - 10 ) .
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1 institute for bio - medical convergence , international st . mary’s hospital and college of medicine , catholic kwandong university , incheon 404 - 834 , republic of korea 2 environmental science , ishikawa prefectural university , 1 - 308 suematsu , nonoichi , ishikawa 921 - 8836 , japan 3 mushroom research division , national institute of horticultural and herbal science , rural development administration , eumseong 369 - 873 , republic of korea 4 forest biodiversity division , korea national arboretum , pocheon 487 - 820 , republic of korea 5 college of pharmacy , chung - ang university , seoul 156 - 756 , republic of korea
copyright © 2016 bhushan shrestha et al . this is an open access article distributed under the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original work is properly cited .
table 1 : an aggregate list of coleopteran hosts ( family / genus / species ) of cordyceps species .
table 2 : cordyceps species recorded on hepialid hosts ( lepidoptera , glossata , exoporia , and hepialidae ) .
table 3 : cordyceps species recorded on heteroneuran hosts ( lepidoptera , glossata , and heteroneura ) .
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scoparia bifaria is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by li , li and nuss in 2010 .

it is found in china ( guizhou , gansu , hubei ) .

the length of the forewings is 8 – 10 mm .

the forewings are covered with sparse pale brown scales .

the antemedian and postmedian lines are white .

the hindwings are greyish white .

scoparia bifaria

there is only one species that could be confused with acacia glaucoptera ; this is acacia bifaria a rarer species occurring at ravensthorpe and west to the fitzgerald river , an area outside the esperance region . it differs by having greener foliage , plus only 16 - 23 individual ( small ) flowers in the head , as against 30 - 80 for a . glaucoptera . also the stems of a . glaucoptera are reasonably straight , whereas with acacia bifaria they are prominently flexuose ( growing first left , then right , then left , etc . as in zig - zag ) . acacia bifaria also tends to be a prostrate or semi - prostrate shrub , whilst a . glaucoptera is more upright .
li , weichun , li , houhun , nuss , matthias ( 2010 ) : taxonomic revision of scoparia haworth , 1811 ( lepidoptera : crambidae : scopariinae ) from china . zootaxa 2609 : 1 - 33 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 197783
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urltoken
a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .
a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !
a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .
mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel
identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley
flora observations within 160 km ( 100 miles ) of esperance , western australia .
this species also known as the clay wattle , is common in the esperance region and can be found in coastal and inland mallee regions from albany to israelite bay ( 170 km or 105 miles east of esperance ) . it prefers the heavier well - drained , non - calcareous sandy loams , overlying limestone , rock , gravel or clay , often on hillsides or around winter - wet depressions .
acacia glaucoptera can grow to 11 / 2 metres ( 5’ ) in height , although more commonly around half that size . it is a very distinctive species with broad wing - like foliage , which technically are cladodes that act and behave as leaves . these wings are most ornamental especially the new growth that varies in color from maroon to scarlet , whilst the more mature foliage is a pale blue / grey ( glaucous ) color .
the flowers and the highly twisted seedpods are supported on long peduncles ( stalks ) that are held at 90 degrees to the foliage . it is worth noting that not all seed held in the strongly coiled pods are necessarily released , but can remain entrapped within the pods that fall to the ground to eventually decompose or more likely burnt in a bushfire , which also prepare the seed for germination . so maybe a useful feature to preserve seed in a suitable habitat , which might otherwise be transported by various means to a less favourable one .
flowering is recorded from august to december , but acacia glaucoptera is highly opportunistic by rapidly producing blossom after good rainfall , so finding fresh flowers and mature pods on the same plant is not unusual .
the acacia genus in wa is placed in the fabaceae family , which may not be the case elsewhere .
there are three blogs that i manage , so if you find one with no recent posts , please try one of the others . they all deal exclusively with the flora and fauna of the esperance region of western australia , so may also be of interest . esperance wildflowers urltoken esperance fauna urltoken esperance blog urltoken
i have always been passionate about nature and for many years have lived in the bush and so been privileged to witness the private lives of indigenous wildlife and the floristic wonders of western australia ' s often unique flora . these blogs are a serious photographic record of the biota of the esperance region and will contain species i have personally photographed , conscequently it will be updated as new species are filmed or better photographs taken . should any errors be noticed , please point them out so they may be corrected . hopefully , these blogs will be used to identify the flora and fauna of the se coastal and hinterland region of western australia , or like me , just to wonder at the magic of its diversity . should you wish to contact me direct , please email : w . archer . esperance @ urltoken
if you have any questions or comments , please contact dr . jessica m . budke .
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diagnosis . this species is similar to s . basistrigalis by having two rows of spinelike cornuti in the male genitalia , but is different in the uncus rounded apically in the male genitalia ; the funnel - shaped antrum , the straight colliculum , and the straight ductus bursae in the female genitalia . in s . basistrigalis , the uncus is pointed apically ; the antrum is tubular , the colliculum is strongly constricted at middle , and the posterior part of the ductus bursae is curved .
etymology . the specific name is derived from the latin bifarius = two rows of , in reference to the two rows of cornuti in the male genitalia .
type material . china : holotype : 3 , pinghe , xishui ( 28 . 19 ° n , 106 . 12 ° e ) , guizhou province , 1200 m , 1 . vi . 2000 , leg . yanli du ( genitalia slide no . lwc 08091 ) . paratypes : guizhou province : 13 3 , 5 ƥƥ , dashahe , daozhen ( 28 . 53 ° n , 107 . 36 ° e ) , 1350 – 1450 m , 22 - 25 . v . 2004 , leg . shulian hao ( genitalia slide nos . lwc 05051 , lwc 05056 , lwc 05064 , lwc 06009 , lwc 06017 , lwc 06025 ) ; 2 ƥƥ , dashahe , daozhen , 1350 m , 26 . viii . 2004 , leg . yunli xiao ( genitalia slide no . ryd 04287 ) ; 1 ƥ , guocun , daozhen , 1300 m , 20 . viii . 2004 , leg . yunli xiao ; 1 ƥ , linjiang , xishui , 550 m , 26 . ix . 2000 , leg . yunli xiao ( genitalia slide no . lwc 06264 ) ; 1 ƥ , lianhuaping , leigongshan ( 26 . 28 ° n , 108 . 17 ° e ) , 1600 m , 17 . ix . 2005 , leg . jialiang zhang ( genitalia slide no . lwc 06231 ) ; 1 ƥ , lijiaba , mayanghe ( 28 . 33 ° n , 108 . 30 ° e ) , 700 m , 29 . ix . 2007 , leg . hui zhen ; 10 ƥƥ , houhe , wufeng ( 30 . 12 ° n , 116 . 40 ° e ) , hubei province , 1000 – 1100 m , 10 - 12 . vii . 1999 , leg . houhun li et al . ( genitalia slide nos . lwc 08160 , ryd 04313 ) ; 1 3 , yanggashan , wenxian ( 32 . 58 ° n , 104 . 41 ° e ) , gansu province , 1950 m , 4 . vii . 2001 , leg . houhun li and xinpu wang , nkum .
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