cerithiopsina adamsi is a species of very small sea snails , marine gastropod molluscs in the family cerithiopsidae .

it was described by bartsch in 1911 .

cerithiopsina adamsi

cerithiopsina bartsch , p . , 1911 type species : cerithiopsina necropolitana bartsch , p . , 1911
cerithiopsilla cincta thiele , 1912 accepted as cerithiella cincta ( thiele , 1912 ) accepted as cerithiella antarctica ( e . a . smith , 1907 ) ( type by original designation )
species cerithiopsilla antarctica ( smith , 1907 ) accepted as cerithiella antarctica ( e . a . smith , 1907 )
species cerithiopsilla cincta thiele , 1912 accepted as cerithiella cincta ( thiele , 1912 ) accepted as cerithiella antarctica ( e . a . smith , 1907 ) ( original combination )
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cubalaskeya rolán , e . m . & r . fernández - garcés , 2008 type species : cubalaskeya nivea faber , m . j . , 2007
granulopsis cecalupo , a . & i . perugia , 2012 type species : granulopsis thelcterium tomlin , j . r . le b . , 1929
cerithiopsis forbes , e . & s . hanley , 1851 type species : cerithiopsis tubercularis montagu , g . , 1803
cerithiopsis ( cerithiopsida ) bartsch , p . , 1911 type species : cerithiopsis ( cerithiopsida ) diegensis bartsch , p . , 1911
oparopsis cecalupo , a . & i . perugia , 2015 type species : oparopsis floresi cecalupo , a . & i . perugia , 2014
ataxocerithium tate , r . , 1894 type species : ataxocerithium serotinum adams , a . , 1855
binda laseron , c . f . , 1951 type species : binda tasmantis laseron , c . f . , 1951
cerithiopsidella bartsch , p . , 1911 type species : cerithiopsidella cosmica bartsch , p .
clathropsis laseron , c . f . , 1956 type species : clathropsis impedita laseron , c . f . , 1956
dizoniopsis bellardi , l . in sacco , f . , 1895 type species : dizoniopsis bilineata hörnes , m . , 1851
ektonos bouchet , ph . & a . warén , 1993 type species : ektonos turbonilloides dautzenberg , ph . & h . fischer , 1896
eumetula thiele , j . , 1912 type species : eumetula dilecta thiele , j . , 1912
eumetula ( altispecula ) powell , a . w . b . , 1930 type species : eumetula ( altispecula ) geniculosa hedley , c . , 1911
furukawaia kuroda , t . & t . habe in habe , t . , 1961 type species : unknowngenustype
horologica laseron , c . f . , 1956 type species : horologica bicolor laseron , c . f . , 1956
joculator hedley , c . , 1909 type species : joculator ridicula watson , r . b . , 1886
koilofera jay , m . & j . drivas , 2002 type species : koilofera koilofera jay , m . & j . drivas , 2002
krachiopsis smriglio , c . & p . mariottini , 1999 type species : krachiopsis giannuzzii smriglio , c . & p . mariottini , 1999
marshallopsis cecalupo , a . & i . perugia , 2012 type species : marshallopsis albachiarae cecalupo , a . & i . perugia , 2012
mendax finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : mendax trizonalis trizonalis odhner , n . h . j . , 1924
onchodia dall , w . h . , 1924 type species : onchodia benthica dall , w . h . , 1924
ondulopsis cecalupo , a . & i . perugia , 2012 type species : ondulopsis annae cecalupo , a . & i . perugia , 2012
paraseila laseron , c . f . , 1951 type species : paraseila heronensis laseron , c . f . , 1951
pilaflexis laseron , c . f . , 1951 type species : pilaflexis regularis laseron , c . f . , 1951
potenatomus laseron , c . f . , 1956 type species : potenatomus caputumere laseron , c . f . , 1956
prolixodens marshall , b . a . , 1978 type species : prolixodens infracolor laseron , c . f . , 1951
retilaskeya marshall , b . a . , 1978 type species : retilaskeya zelandica marshall , b . a . , 1978
retilaskeya ( marshallaskeya ) gründel , 1980 type species : retilaskeya ( marshallaskeya ) elegantula powell , a . w . b . , 1930
socienna finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : socienna apicicostata may , w . l . , 1919
specula finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : specula styliformis suter , h . h . , 1908
sundaya oliver , w . r . b . , 1915 type species : sundaya exquisita oliver , w . r . b . , 1915
synthopsis laseron , c . f . , 1956 type species : synthopsis cylindrica laseron , c . f . , 1956
tubercliopsis laseron , c . f . , 1956 type species : tubercliopsis capricornia laseron , c . f . , 1956
zaclys finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : zaclys sarissa murdoch , r . , 1905
alipta finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : alipta crenistria suter , h . h . , 1907
aliptina marshall , b . a . , 1978 type species : aliptina acheronae marshall , b . a . , 1978
belonimorphis jay , m . & j . drivas , 2002 type species : belonimorphis belonimorphis jay , m . & j . drivas , 2002
cerithiella verrill , a . e . , 1882 type species : cerithiella metula lovén , s . l . , 1846
cerithiopsilla thiele , j . , 1912 type species : cerithiopsilla cincta thiele , j . , 1912
seila adams , a . , 1861 type species : seila dextroversa adams , a . & l . a . reeve , 1850
seila ( hebeseila ) finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : seila ( hebeseila ) bulbosa suter , h . h . , 1908
seila ( lyroseila ) finlay , h . j . , 1928 type species : seila ( lyroseila ) chathamensis suter , h . h .
seila ( notoseila ) finlay , h . j . , 1927 type species : seila ( notoseila ) terebelloides hutton , f . w . , 1873
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agnidra discispilaria is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it was described by moore in 1867 .

it is found in north-eastern india , sikkim and thailand .

the wingspan is 19 – 23 mm for males and 21.5-22.5 mm for females .

the wings are dull pale sienna-reddish , crossed by numerous ill-defined irregular greyish-brown lines .

the external border and angle of the forewings is clouded with the same colour .

all wings have a dark rounded slate-grey spot at the inferior angle of the discoidal cell .

there are some greenish-white scales in each of these spots .

agnidra discispilaria

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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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drepanidae , thyatirinae , habrosyne sp ( c . f . h . indica )
drepanidae , drepaninae , oretini , oreta sp ( c . f . o . vatama )
drepanidae , drepaninae , auzata sp . ( c . f . a . semipavonaria )
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i am fortunate to be staying in a place where an abundance of flora and fauna is found , added to this , the luck of coming across the helpful community of ‘indianmoths’ on facebook , whic . . .
very close to
telchines vialis
in moths of nepal part 5 , plate 139 . i don ' t know the current identity of this species . . .
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the white warty-back pearly mussel or white wartyback , scientific name plethobasus cicatricosus , is a species of freshwater mussel in the family unionidae , the river mussels .

once widely distributed in the ohio , cumberland , and tennessee river systems in the united states , it is now probably limited to the tennessee river .

it is a federally listed endangered species of the united states .

this mussel is yellow-green or yellow-brown in color .

the nacre is white and partly iridescent .

there is a row of tubercles on one edge of the shell .

the white wartyback lived in the main arteries of big rivers .

it was distributed through alabama , illinois , indiana , kentucky , ohio , tennessee , and west virginia .

it has now been extirpated from all of these states except for tennessee and alabama , where it likely remains in the main flow of the tennessee river .

no live specimens have been collected in over 30 years .

the white wartyback will likely be reintroduced to the french broad river and the holston river in tennessee .

white warty - back pearly mussel

recovery _ plan _ white _ warty - back _ pearly _ mussel _ ( plet . . .
catalog record : recovery plan for the white warty - back pearly . . . | hathi trust digital library
usfws contract no . tv - 60706a .
9 / 19 / 84 .
cover title : white warty - back pearly mussel ( plethobasus cicatricosus ) : recovery plan .
recovery plan for the white warty - back pearly mussel , plethobasus cicatricosus ( say , 1829 ) / prepared by steven ahlstedt for united states fish and wildlife service , endangered species field office .
u . s . fish and wildlife service ( usfws ) ( ahlstedt , s . a . ) 1984 . recovery plan for the white warty - back pearly mussel ( plethobasus cicatricosus ) ( say 1829 ) . u . s . fish and wildlife service , region 4 , atlanta , georgia . 43 pp .
u . s . fish and wildlife service . 1984 .
recovery plan for the white wartyback pearly mussel ( plethobasus cicatricosus ) .
u . s . fish and wildlife service , atlanta .
no young or juvenile white wartyback mussels have been found since dam construction drastically altered their habitat .
usfws recovery plan for the endangered mussel plethobasus cicatricosus , first listed as endangered in june of 1976 .
the white wartyback pearlymussel buries itself in sand and gravel substrates in shallow stretches of large rivers with slow to moderate currents .
a list of synonyms for this species can be found on the mussel project web site ( graf and cummings 2011 ) .
white wartyback pearlymussel .
beacham ' s guide to the endangered species of north america . . retrieved july 09 , 2018 from urltoken urltoken
contact jay cordeiro ( jay _ cordeiro @ natureserve . org ) for a complete list of freshwater mussel taxa sorted by flow regime .
the shell of the white wartyback pearlymussel , plethobasus cicatricosus , is somewhat egg - shaped , thick , solid , and inflated . the greenish yellow or yellow - brown shell surface is marked by uneven , concentric growth lines and a row of knobs ( tubercles ) in the middle portion of the shell . the iridescent inner shell surface is white . individuals can live as long as 50 years . the white wartyback has sometimes been confused with a closely related species , plethobasus cyphyus .
an oblong or elongate freshwater mussel , light brown , with a row of large tear - shaped tubercles running down the side of the shell .
white wartyback pearlymussel .
beacham ' s guide to the endangered species of north america . . encyclopedia . com . ( july 9 , 2018 ) . urltoken
isom , b . g . 1969 .
the mussel resources of the tennessee river .
malacologia 7 ( 2 - 3 ) : 397 - 425 .
the white wartyback pearlymussel was historically found only in large rivers and was never very common . possibly the single greatest factor in this mussel ' s decline has been the alteration of the tennessee and cumberland river basins by the construction of major dams for flood control , hydro - electric power production , and navigation . dam reservoirs have inundated large stretches of river that once supported mussel populations , while sections of former habitat below the dams have been rendered uninhabitable by erratic water levels , altered water temperatures , and seasonal oxygen deficits .
stansbery , d . h . 1964 . the mussel ( muscle ) shoals of the tennessee river revisited . american malacological union annual report , 1964 : 25 - 28 .
why it ' s endangered : dams and reservoirs have flooded most of this mussel ' s habitat , reducing its gravel and sand habitat and probably affecting the distribution of its fish hosts . also , erosion caused by strip mining , logging and farming adds silt to many rivers , which can clog the mussel ' s feeding siphons and even bury it completely . other threats include pollution from agricultural and industrial runoff . these chemicals and toxic metals become concentrated in the body tissues of filter - feeding mussels such as the white wartyback , eventually poisoning it to death .
boepple , j . f . and r . e . coker . 1912 . mussel resources of the holston and clinch rivers of eastern tennessee . bureau of fisheries document 765 . 13 pp .
the historical distribution is reasonably well known . a concentrated search for this species should be conducted to assess its current status . if live animals are found an effort to artificially propagate the mussel should be undertaken .
simpson , c . t . 1899 . the pearly fresh - water mussels of the united states ; their habits , enemies , and diseases , with suggestions for their protection . bulletin of the u . s . fish commission [ issued separately as u . s . bureau of fisheries document 413 ] 18 ( 1898 ) : 279 - 288 .
strayer , d . 1983 . the effects of surface geology and stream size on freshwater mussel ( bivalvia , unionidae ) distribution in southeastern michigan , u . s . a . freshwater biology 13 : 253 - 264 .
in order to effectively manage mussel species it is necessary to work out certain life history characteristics first . because of their unusual life - cycle and dependence on fish for completion of that cycle , it is imperative that the host species for the white wartyback be ascertained . life history studies need to be done to identify age and size at sexual maturity , recruitment success , age class structure , and other important life history parameters . research is needed to assess the success of watershed protection on mussel populations . abundance and distribution of selected species needs to be monitored in order to ascertain how species abundances change over time . from that we can assess what land - use changes , conservation practices , and physical / chemical parameters are correlated with , and possibly responsible for , the biological changes .
unless a viable reproducing population is found , little in the way of recovery can be considered . the white wartyback pearlymussel may benefit from more general efforts aimed at improving the environmental quality of the interior basin ' s major rivers . the tennessee valley authority is currently working on a comprehensive water management plan , which would guarantee constant minimum flows in all rivers in the tennessee and cumberland basins by timing water discharges from its dams . such an effort might mollify many of the negative effects of dams and reservoirs on remaining stretches of mussel habitat .
habitat : this mussel is found in clean , fast - flowing water in silt - free rubble , gravel and sand bottoms of large and rivers . it buries itself in sand or gravel between bedrock ledges with only the edge of its sell and its feeding siphons exposed .
meek , s . e . , and h . w . clark . 1912 . the mussels of the big buffalo fork of white river , arkansas . report and special papers of the u . s . fish commission [ issued separately as u . s . bureau of fisheries document 759 ] 1911 : 1 - 20 .
behavior : reproduction requires a stable , undisturbed habitat and a sufficient population of fish hosts to complete the mussel ' s larval development . when the male discharges sperm into the current , females downstream siphon in the sperm in order to fertilize their eggs , which they store in their gill pouches until the larvae hatch . the females then expel the larvae . those larvae that manage to attach themselves to the gills of a host fish grow into juveniles with shells of their own . at that point they detach from the host fish and settle into the streambed , ready for a long ( possibly up to 50 years ) life as an adult mussel .
long - term viability of this mussel ( if in fact it still exists ) is doubtful . no known living populations have been found in numerous surveys of the tennessee river since the 1960s although a fresh dead specimens were found in 1979 and 1982 . the only known extant population might occur in tailwaters of wilson dam on tennessee river where it is rare ; otherwise all occurrences throughout its entire historic range appear extirpated .
shell exterior : shell oblong , elongate , thick , and moderately inflated . anterior end rounded , posterior end broadly rounded . dorsal and ventral margins curved . umbos low , directed forward and not elevated above the hinge line . shell smooth , except for a single row of large pustules or knobs on the center of the valve , running from below the umbo to the edge . periostracum yellow or light brown in juveniles , becoming chestnut to dark brown in adults . faint green rays present on the umbo . length to five inches . shell interior : pseudocardinal teeth large and well developed ; two in the right valve , one in the right , with a smaller tooth on either side . lateral teeth rather short , straight or slightly curved ; two in the left valve , one in the right beak cavity relatively shallow . nacre white , iridescent posteriorly ( cummings and mayer , 1992 ) .
justification : plethobasus cicatricosus has been assessed as critically endangered as the long - term viability of this mussel is doubtful . no known living populations have been found in numerous surveys of the tennessee river since the 1960s , indicating dramatic population declines . however , no life history information is known fro this species , so that it is impossible to assess the percentage of the decline with respect to the species generation length . it therefore cannot qualify for criterion a . its extent of occurrence is estimated as less than 100 km 2 , since it is currently only known to be extant in a single location , in the tailwaters of wilson dam on the tennessee river in northwest alabama . collections at a second site , below pickwick dam near savannah , tennessee , last produced fresh dead specimens between 1979 and 1982 . the species is therefore considered to be critically endangered under criterion b .
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turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , p . m . mikkelsen , r . j . neves , c . f . e . roper , g . rosenberg , b . roth , a . scheltema , f . g . thompson , m . vecchione , and j . d . williams . 1998 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd edition . american fisheries society special publication 26 , bethesda , maryland : 526 pp .
thomas say originally described unio cicatricosus in 1829 . isaac lea described unio varicosus later the same year . both names were widely used in the literature ; however , varicosus lea was pre - occupied by varicosus lamarck , 1819 . frierson ( 1911 ) synonomized unio cicatricosus say with unio aesopus green , 1827 ( = plethobasus cyphyus rafinesque , 1820 ) and renamed lea ' s shell as unio detectus frierson , 1911 . he also named two additional species unio cicatricoides and unio comptertus as being part of this complex . in 1919 , ortmann synonomized all of frierson ' s names under cicatricosus say . three years later ortmann and walker ( 1922 ) sunk cicatricosus into cyphyus . recent authors have not followed ortmann and walker ( 1922 ) and recognize plethobasus cicatricosus as distinct ( parmalee , 1967 ; bogan and parmalee , 1983 ; cummings and mayer , 1992 ; turgeon et al . , 1998 ) .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
listed endangered throughout its range . the usfws , in cooperation with the state of tennessee and conservation fisheries , inc . , announced a final rule to reintroduce this species into its historical habitat in the free - flowing reach of the french broad river below douglas dam to its confluence with the holston river , knox county tennessee , and in the free - flowing reach of the holston river below cherokee dam to its confluence with the french broad river ( federal register , 12 september 2007 ) . the proposed rule for this action was published on june 13 , 2006 .
historically , this species was widely distributed in the ohio , cumberland , and tennessee drainages including the wabash , ohio , kanawha , cumberland , holston , and tennessee rivers ( usfws , 1984 ) . no live specimens have been found in the wabash , ohio , kanawha , cumberland , or holston rivers since around the turn of the century . it possibly still exists in a very short reach of the tennessee river mainstem below pickwick dam near savannah , tennessee , near river mile 207 because all of the most recent historical records were from the original tennessee river channel ( usfws , 1984 ; parmalee and bogan , 1998 ) . the only other potential extant population is in the tailwaters of wilson dam on the tennessee river where it is rare ( mirarchi et al . , 2004 ) . it historically occurred in the wabash mainstem in indiana ( fisher , 2006 ) .
the only recent record was the collection of fresh dead shells from a commercial shell pile in 1979 and 1982 below pickwick dam near savannah , tennessee ( usfws , 1984 ) . both collections were older specimens . currently the only known extant population might occur in the tailwaters of wilson dam on the tennessee river in northwest alabama where it is rare ( mirarchi et al . , 2004 ) .
no live specimens have been collected in over 30 years and no estimates of population size or abundance have been made but what few live specimens have been found have been single old individuals ( usfws , 1989 ) .
in the remaining 18 km of the tennessee river downstream of wilson dam , evidence of recruitement has been observed but the species is very rare ( williams et al . , 2008 ) .
distribution has been greatly diminished with local and state extirpations , e . g . the wabash in illinois ( cummings and mayer , 1997 ) with all recent records bordering on historical and only one or two specimens found in the tennessee river ( usfws , 1989 ) .
no live specimens have been found in the holston river , cumberland river , ohio river , wabash river , and konawha river since before the turn of the 20th century ( usfws , 1989 ) . it is extirpated from kentucky but formerly occurred in the ohio and lower cumberland rivers ( cicerello and schuster , 2003 ) . it historically occurred in the wabash mainstem in indiana ( fisher , 2006 ) but only old weathered shells have been found there recently and it is believed extirpated from the state ( ron hellmich , in nhp , pers . comm . , march 2008 ) . in ohio , it is extirpated but historically occurred in the ohio river at marietta dn clarington ( turn of 20th century ) and ohio river at cincinnati and manchester , and lower muskingum river ( watters et al . , 2009 ) . it is extirpated from the mcalpine dam pool in the ohio river at louisville , kentucky ( and indiana ) ( watters and flaute , 2010 ) .
if any populations still remain , they are isolated and extremely small with poor viability in the tennessee river with poor dispersal capability ( usfws , 1989 ) .
this species is restricted to riffles in large rivers ; most of which are now impounded .
( < 100 square km ( less than about 40 square miles ) ) historically , this species was widely distributed in the ohio , cumberland , and tennessee drainages including the wabash , ohio , kanawha , cumberland , holston , and tennessee rivers ( usfws , 1984 ) . no live specimens have been found in the wabash , ohio , kanawha , cumberland , or holston rivers since around the turn of the century . it possibly still exists in a very short reach of the tennessee river mainstem below pickwick dam near savannah , tennessee , near river mile 207 because all of the most recent historical records were from the original tennessee river channel ( usfws , 1984 ; parmalee and bogan , 1998 ) . the only other potential extant population is in the tailwaters of wilson dam on the tennessee river where it is rare ( mirarchi et al . , 2004 ) . it historically occurred in the wabash mainstem in indiana ( fisher , 2006 ) .
this species was presumed to inhabit shoals and riffles in large rivers like the tennessee ( bogan and parmalee , 1983 ) .
occurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens , including live specimens or recently dead shells ( i . e . , soft tissue still attached and / or nacre still glossy and iridescent without signs of external weathering or staining ) , at a given location with potentially recurring existence . weathered shells constitute a historic occurrence . evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data ; unpublished , though documented ( i . e . government or agency reports , web sites , etc . ) observation or collection data ; or museum specimen information .
separation barriers within standing water bodies are based solely on separation distance ( see separation distance - suitable , below ) . separation barriers between standing water bodies and within flowing water systems include lack of lotic connections , natural barriers such as upland habitat , absence of appropriate species specific fish hosts , water depth greater than 10 meters ( cvancara , 1972 ; moyle and bacon , 1969 ) or anthropogenic barriers to water flow such as dams or other impoundments and high waterfalls .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
bogan , a . e . and p . w . parmalee . 1983 . tennessee ' s rare wildlife : volume ii : the mollusks . report to the tennessee natural heritage program and tennessee wildlife resources agency : nashville , tennessee . 123 pp .
cicerello , r . r . and g . a . schuster . 2003 . a guide to the freshwater mussels of kentucky . kentucky state nature preserves commission scientific and technical series 7 : 1 - 62 .
coker , r . e . , a . f . shira , h . w . clark , and a . d . howard . 1921 . natural history and propagation of fresh - water mussels . bulletin of the bureau of fisheries [ issued separately as u . s . bureau of fisheries document 839 ] 37 ( 1919 - 20 ) : 77 - 181 + 17 pls .
cummings , k . s . and c . a . mayer . 1992 . field guide to freshwater mussels of the midwest . illinois natural history survey manual 5 , illinois . 194 pp .
cummings , k . s . and c . a . mayer . 1997 . distributional checklist and status of illinois freshwater mussels ( mollusca : unionacea ) . pages 129 - 145 in : k . s . cummings , a . c . buchanan , c . a . mayer , and t . j . naimo ( eds . ) conservation and management of freshwater mussels ii : initiatives for the future . proceedings of a umrcc symposium , october 1995 , st . louis , missouri . upper mississippi river conservation committee , rock island , illinois .
evermann , b . w . and h . w . clark . 1918 . the unionidae of lake maxinkukee . proceedings of the indiana academy of science 1917 : 251 - 285 .
fisher , b . e . 2006 . current status of freshwater mussels ( order unionoida ) in the wabash river drainage of indiana . proceedings of the indiana academy of science , 115 ( 2 ) : 103 - 109 .
frierson , l . s . 1911 . remarks on unio varicosus , cicatricosus and unio compertus , new species . the nautilus , 25 ( 5 ) : 51 - 54 + 2 plates .
gordon , m . e . and j . b . layzer . 1989 . mussels ( bivalvia : unionoidea ) of the cumberland river review of life histories and ecological relationships . u . s . fish and wildlife service biological report , 89 ( 15 ) : 1 - 99 .
heard , w . h . 1970 . eastern freshwater mollusks . 1 . the south atlantic and gulf drainages . in : a . h . clarke ( ed . ) rare and endangered molluscs of north america . malacologia 10 : 1 - 56 .
horne , f . r . and s . mcintosh . 1979 . factors influencing distribution of mussels in the blanco river of central texas . the nautilus 94 ( 4 ) : 119 - 133 .
howard , a . d . 1915 . some exceptional cases of breeding among the unionidae . the nautilus 29 : 4 - 11 .
lefevre , g . and w . t . curtis . 1912 . studies on the reproduction and artificial propogation of fresh - water mussels . bulletin of the bureau of fisheries 30 : 102 - 201 .
mirarchi , r . e . , j . t . garner , m . f . mettee , and p . e . o ' neil . 2004b . alabama wildlife . volume 2 . imperiled aquatic mollusks and fishes . university of alabama press , tuscaloosa , alabama . xii + 255 pp .
moyle , p . and j . bacon . 1969 . distribution and abundance of molluscs in a fresh water environment . journal of the minnesota academy of science 35 ( 2 / 3 ) : 82 - 85 .
ortmann , a . e . 1919 . monograph of the naiades of pennsylvania . part iii . systematic account of the genera and species . memoirs of the carnegie museum 8 ( 1 ) : 1 - 385 .
ortmann , a . e . and b . walker . 1922 . on the nomenclature of certain north american naiades . occasional papers of the museum of zoology , university of michigan , 112 : 1 - 75 .
parmalee , p . w . 1967 . the freshwater mussels of illinois . illinois state museum , popular science series 8 : 1 - 108 .
smith , p . w . 1971 . illinois streams : a classification based on their fishes and an analysis of factors responsible for disappearance of native species . illinois natural history survey biological notes 76 : 1 - 14 .
snyder , n . and h . snyder . 1969 . a comparative study of mollusk predation by limpkins , everglade kites , and boat - tailed grackles . eighth annual report of the cornell laboratory of ornithology 8 : 177 - 223 .
strayer , d . l . 1999a . use of flow refuges by unionid mussels in rivers . journal of the north american benthological society 18 ( 4 ) : 468 - 476 .
strayer , d . l . and j . ralley . 1993 . microhabitat use by an assemblage of stream - dwelling unionaceans ( bivalvia ) including two rare species of alasmidonta . journal of the north american benthological society 12 ( 3 ) : 247 - 258 .
u . s . fish and wildlife service ( usfws ) . 2006 . endangered and threatened wildlife and plants ; establishment of nonessential experimental population status for 15 freshwater mussels , 1 freshwater snail , and 5 fishes in the lower french broad river and in the lower holston river , tennessee ; proposed rule . federal register , 71 ( 113 ) : 34195 - 34230 .
van der schalie , h . 1938a . the naiad fauna of the huron river in southeastern michigan . miscellaneous publication of the museum of zoology , university of michigan 40 : 7 - 78 .
watters , g . t . 1992a . unionids , fishes , and the species - area curve . journal of biogeography 19 : 481 - 490 .
watters , g . t . and c . j . m . flaute . 2010 . dams , zebras , and settlements : the historical loss of freshwater mussels in the ohio river mainstem . american malacological bulletin 28 : 1 - 12 .
williams , j . d . , a . e . bogan , and j . t garner . 2008 . freshwater mussels of alabama & the mobile basin in georgia , mississippi , & tennessee . university of alabama press , tuscaloosa , alabama . 908 pages .
williams , j . d . , m . l . warren , jr . , k . s . cummings , j . l . harris , and r . j . neves . 1993b . conservation status of freshwater mussels of the united states and canada . fisheries 18 ( 9 ) : 6 - 22 .
biological resources division , usgs . 1997 . database of museum records of aquatic species . compiled by j . williams ( usgs - brd , gainesville , fl ) .
parmalee , p . w . and a . e . bogan . 1998 . the freshwater mussels of tennessee . university of tennessee press : knoxville , tennessee . 328 pp .
watters , g . t . , m . a . hoggarth , and d . h . stansbery . 2009b . the freshwater mussels of ohio . ohio state university press : columbus , ohio . 421 pp .
williams , j . d . , a . e . bogan , and j . t . garner . 2008 . freshwater mussels of alabama & the mobile basin in georgia , mississippi & tennessee . university of alabama press : tuscaloosa , alabama . 908 pp .
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later the same year . both names were widely used in the literature ; however ,
as being part of this complex . in 1919 , ortmann synonomized all of frierson ' s names under
critically endangered b1ab ( i , ii , iii , iv ) + 2ab ( i , ii , iii , iv ) ver 3 . 1
dyer , e . , soulsby , a . - m . , whitton , f . , mcguinness , s . , de silva , r . , milligan , h . t . , kasthala , g . , herdson , r . , thorley , j . , mcmillan , k . & collins , a .
historically , this species was widely distributed in the ohio , cumberland , and tennessee drainages including the wabash , ohio , kanawha , cumberland , holston , and tennessee rivers ( usfws 1984 ) . no live specimens have been found in the wabash , ohio , kanawha , cumberland , or holston rivers since around the turn of the century . it possibly still exists in a very short reach of the tennessee river mainstem below pickwick dam near savannah , tennessee , near river mile 207 because all of the most recent historical records were from the original tennessee river channel ( usfws 1984 , parmalee and bogan 1998 ) . the only other potential extant population is in the tailwaters of wilson dam on the tennessee river where it is rare ( mirarchi et al . 2004 ) . it historically occurred in the wabash mainstem in indiana ( fisher 2006 ) .
the only recent record was the collection of fresh dead shells from a commercial shell pile in 1979 and 1982 below pickwick dam near savannah , tennessee ( usfws 1984 ) . both collections were older specimens . currently the only known extant population is in the tailwaters of wilson dam on the tennessee river in northwest alabama where it is rare ( mirarchi
no live specimens have been collected in over 30 years and no estimates of population size or abundance have been made , but what few live specimens have been found have been single old individuals ( usfws 1989 ) .
distribution has been greatly diminished with local and state extirpations , e . g . the wabash in illinois ( cummings and mayer 1997 ) with all recent records bordering on historical and only one or two specimens found in the tennessee river ( usfws 1989 ) .
no live specimens have been found in the holston river , cumberland river , ohio river , wabash river , and konawha river since before the turn of the 20th century ( usfws 1989 ) . it is extirpated from kentucky but formerly occurred in the ohio and lower cumberland rivers ( cicerello and schuster 2003 ) . it historically occurred in the wabash mainstem in indiana ( fisher 2006 ) .
this species was presumed to inhabit shoals and riffles in large rivers like the tennessee ( bogan and parmalee 1983 ) . it is a species of flowing water in medium to large rivers . it is generally found in substrates composed of a mixture of sand and gravel , where current keeps silt accumulation to a minimum . it is presumably a short - term brooder , gravid during spring and summer . its glochidial hosts are unknown ( williams et al . 2008 ) .
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the midwest region includes illinois , indiana , iowa , michigan , minnesota , missouri , ohio and wisconsin . find a location near you
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u . s . a . ( tn - specified portions of the french broad and holston rivers ; see 17 . 85 ( b ) ( 1 ) )
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cites is an international agreement between governments , aimed to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival .
female stores sperm in gills ; glochidia are released into the stream after hatching .
this pearlymussel was first collected in 1829 from the wabash river in indiana , and is thought to have enjoyed a widespread distribution in the ohioan or interior basin . it was documented from the kanawha river ( west virginia ) , the ohio river ( ohio and indiana ) , the cumberland and holston rivers ( tennessee ) , and the tennessee river below wilson dam ( alabama ) .
since the mid - 1960s , only two tennessee river specimens have been discovered , both near savannah , tennessee , below the pickwick dam . the species may be extinct or near extinction in the tennessee river . no live specimens have been taken from the cumberland river since 1885 . in spite of extensive surveys , there is no recent evidence of this species in the ohio , wabash , or kanawha rivers .
in addition to numerous locks and dams , the historic conditions of the wabash and ohio rivers have been significantly altered by deforestation and poor agricultural practices that have increased water turbidity and siltation . water quality has been further degraded by chemical runoff , industrial effluents , and sewage .
although unfortunate from the standpoint of local residents , economic slowdown ( the closing of steel mills and other major industrial polluters in the region of the ohio river ' s headwaters ) has resulted in almost immediate water quality improvement in the upper river . recently , freshwater mussels have been rediscovered in stretches of the river where they have been absent for more than 70 years .
regional office of endangered species u . s . fish and wildlife service 1875 century blvd . , suite 200 atlanta , georgia 30345 urltoken
bogan , a . , and p . parmalee . 1983 .
tennessee ' s rare mollusks .
in tennessee ' s rare wildlife , final report . tennessee heritage program of the department of conservation and the university of tennessee , knoxville .
jenkinson , j . j . 1981 .
the tennessee valley authority cumberlandian mollusk conservation program .
bulletin of the american malacological union 1980 : 662 - 63 .
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by : u . s . fish and wildlife service . region 4 . published : ( 1989 )
endangered species > tennessee river watershed . mussels > tennessee river watershed . unionidae .
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c : \ program files ( x86 ) \ fws \ datastore \ application \ opendata \ fws _ servcat _ v1 _ 1 . json
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sinezona insularis is a species of minute sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family scissurellidae , the little slit shells .

sinezona insularis

species sinezona fayalensis ( dautzenberg , 1889 ) accepted as sinezona cingulata ( o . g . costa , 1861 )
species sinezona crossei ( de folin , 1869 ) accepted as sinezona cingulata ( o . g . costa , 1861 )
have a fact about sinezona brucei ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
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after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
finlay h . j . ( 1926 ) . a further commentary on new zealand molluscan systematics . transactions and proceedings of the new zealand institute . 57 : 320 - 485 , pls 18 - 23 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 341 , 346 [ details ]
geiger , d . l . ( 2012 ) . monograph of the little slit shells . volume 1 . introduction , scissurellidae . pp . 1 - 728 . volume 2 . anatomidae , larocheidae , depressizonidae , sutilizonidae , temnocinclidae . pp . 729 - 1291 . santa barbara museum of natural history monographs . number 7 . [ 30 october 2012 ] . [ details ]
( of ariella bandel , 1998 ) geiger d . 2003 . phylogenetic assessment of characters proposed for the generic classification of recent scissurellidae ( gastropoda : vetigastropoda ) with a description of one new genus and six new species from easter island and australia . molluscan research 23 ( 1 ) : 21 - 83 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of ariella bandel , 1998 ) geiger , d . l . ( 2012 ) . monograph of the little slit shells . volume 1 . introduction , scissurellidae . pp . 1 - 728 . volume 2 . anatomidae , larocheidae , depressizonidae , sutilizonidae , temnocinclidae . pp . 729 - 1291 . santa barbara museum of natural history monographs . number 7 . [ 30 october 2012 ] . [ details ]
( of daizona bandel , 1998 ) geiger , d . l . ( 2012 ) . monograph of the little slit shells . volume 1 . introduction , scissurellidae . pp . 1 - 728 . volume 2 . anatomidae , larocheidae , depressizonidae , sutilizonidae , temnocinclidae . pp . 729 - 1291 . santa barbara museum of natural history monographs . number 7 . [ 30 october 2012 ] . [ details ]
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new information will be coming out after the volumes will have been published . i will strive to keep track of major developments such as :
over 13 , 000 image files ( mostly sem ) have been uploaded to the web . to request access , please click here .
spread - sheet with all specimen records . the spread sheet with almost 10 , 000 records ( 4 mb ms excel ) is provided for ease of institutions to check on identification of particular lots more conveniently . there are errors in the spread sheet ! the following fields are given :
serial number : internal referent for this project . all images are linked to the data in this fashion .
collection : the collection in which the specimens are housed . for key , see list of collection abbreviations in monograph .
type status : [ empty ] , holotype , lectotype , syntypes , paratypes etc .
species . types of junior synonyms contain the original name as well as the senior synonym .
latdeg / longdeg : latitude / longitude as on original label . ne are postive numbers , sw are negative numbers .
latmin , latsec , longmin , longsec : arc minutes and seconds as on original label .
calculated declat , calculated declong : conversion of original arc - minutes and seconds into decimal value for use in mapping software .
depth from . shallower depth in depth range , rounded to nearest meter . this field is used for single values . 0 = intertidal .
depth to . deeper depth value when range was given , rounded to nearest meter .
summary . summary of all data in format as given in monograph . for literature records , it also contains the reference .
the geiger reference collection ( dlg ) has now been transferred to sbmnh . the sbmnh numbers are 170 , 000 + dlg number , or dlg 4 - digit number with 17 prefix . see urltoken
the species is known from two additional lots from the mediterranean : 50 m , italy , calabria , scilla . 38 . 261˚n , 15 . 715˚e ( sbmnh 172370 , 4 ) . 30 m , italy , sicily , trapani , 38 . 024˚n , 12 . 504˚e ( sbmnh 172386 , 7 ) .
occurring off angola and at sao tomé ( emilio rolán , pers . comm . ) . it seems to have a simlar distribution to sin . cingulata and sci . azorensis ( europe - mid - atlantantic islands ) . althought the type locality belongs politically to brazil , the species has not been found on the mainland of brazil .
the external morphology of living animals was beautifully illustrated by vafiadis ( 2010 ) . his
smooth tentacle
is most likely the epipodial sense organ .
now also known from midway island , bridging gap between hawaii mainland and japan ( sbmnh 454984 ) .
many records of an .
lamellata
in the literature have been positively confirmed to refer to an . porcellana . see hasegawa ( 2015 )
also found on sao tomé . some shells with axial brown bands . radula with enlarged lateral tooth 1 and shaft of lateral tooth 4 wing - like enlarged to the anterior , reminiscent of the lateromarginal plate of fissurellidae . specimens courtesy emilio rolán .
many records of an .
lamellata
in the literature have been positively confirmed to refer to an . porcellana . see hasegawa ( 2015 ) .
additional record . 150–200 m , owase , mie , japan , 34 . 07˚n , 136 . 40˚e ( sbmnh 462296 , 7 ; umut rm32415 , 3 ) .
vafiadis , p . 2010 . the living morphology of the marine snail incisura remota ( iredale , 1924 ) and sukashitrochus atkinsoni ( tenison woods , 1877 ) ( vetigastropoda : scissurellidae ) . the victorian naturalis 127 : 255–265 .
hasegawa , k . 2015 . re - identification of
anatoma lamellata
in japanese literature ( gastropoda : anatomidae ) . chiribotan 45 : 127–134 [ in japanese ] .
pimenta , a . d . & d . l . geiger . 2015 . taxonomic revision of the anatomidae ( mollusca : gastropoda : vetigastropoda ) from brazil , with description of four new species . malacologia 59 : 135–175 .
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aplysia tarda ( a . e . verrill , 1901 ) [ dubious name ]
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scrobipalpa pulchra is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in latvia , russia ( the southern ural ) , ukraine , the near east and middle east , turkey , central asia , mongolia and china ( xinjiang ) .

the larvae feed on haloxylon persicum , haloxylon ammodendron , haloxylon subaphyllus , climacoptera crassa and gamanthus gamocarpus .

scrobipalpa pulchra

scrobipalpa is a genus of moth in the family gelechiidae . euscrobipalpa has sometimes been treated as a distinct subgenus , or even as a full genus , but is generally no longer recognised as valid , following ponomarenko & park ( 2007 ) .
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a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .
a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !
a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .
mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel
identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley
enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .
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junnilainen , j . , karsholt , o . , nupponen , k . , kaitila , j . - p . , nupponen , t . & olschwang , v . - the gelechiid fauna of the southern ural mountains , part ii : list of recorded species with taxonomic notes ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) . in zootaxa 2367 : 1 - 68 . 2010
museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
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cab direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences , incorporating the leading bibliographic databases cab abstracts and global health . cab direct provides a convenient , single point of access to all of your cabi database subscriptions .
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the gelechiid fauna of the southern ural mountains , part ii : list of recorded species with taxonomic notes ( lepidoptera : gelechiidae ) .
; nupponen , kari ; kaitila , jari - pekka ; nupponen , timo ; olschwang , vladimir .
, nupponen , k . , kaitila , j - p . , nupponen , t . , & olschwang , v . ( 2010 ) .
, nupponen k , kaitila j - p , nupponen t , olschwang v .
; nupponen , kari ; kaitila , jari - pekka ; nupponen , timo ; olschwang , vladimir . /
contact : university of copenhagen ku @ ku . dk tel . + 45 35 32 26 26


lathyrus frenguelli is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

lathyrus frenguelli

lathyrus frenguelli by lambert m . surhone , mariam t . tennoe , susan f . henssonow
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( of fusinus frenguelli [ sic ] ) rios , e . c . ( 1994 ) seashells of brazil . 2nd edition . fundaçao cidade do rio grande , fundaçao universidade do rio grande , museu oceanográphico , rio grande , rs , xii , rio grande , brazil , 368 pp . , 113 pls . [ details ]
lathyrus bijugatus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names drypark pea , pinewoods sweetpea , and latah tule - pea . it is native to western north america from british columbia to oregon to montana , and possibly as far south as california . this plant is a perennial herb growing from a rhizome and reaching an erect . . .
lathyrus delnorticus is an uncommon species of wild pea known by the common name del norte pea . it is native to the klamath mountains of southern oregon and northern california , where it is a member of the serpentine soils flora . this is a hairless perennial herb producing a winged or flanged stem . the leaves are made up of several pairs of oval o . . .
snyder m . a . ( 2003 ) . catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences . of philadelphia , special publication . 21iii + 1–431 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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christinus guentheri is a species of lizard in the family gekkonidae ( geckos ) .

the species is endemic to two australian islands , norfolk island and lord howe island , and has a common name lord howe island southern gecko .

christinus guentheri

diplodactylus marmoratus — günther 1875 ( partim ) phyllodactylus guentheri boulenger 1885 : 90 phyllodactylus marmoratus — zietz 1920 ( partim ) christinus guentheri — wells & wellington 1984 ridegekko guentheri — wells & wellington 1985 : 15 christinus guentheri — cogger 2000 : 207 christinus guentheri — wilson & swan 2010 christinus guentheri — heinicke et al . 2014
information on christinus guentheri is currently being researched a written and will appear here shortly .
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department of the environment and heritage ( deh ) ( 2006ey ) . christinus guentheri in species profile and threats ( sprat ) database . unpublished species profile . canberra , act : deh . available from : urltoken .
cogger , h . g . ( 2004 ) . draft recovery plan for the threatened lizards christinus guentheri and oligosoma lichenigera on the island complexes of norfolk and lord howe islands . canberra : department of the environment and heritage .
type species : phyllodactylus guentheri boulenger 1885 is the type species of the genus ridegekko wells & wellington 1985 : 15 .
citation : department of the environment ( 2018 ) . christinus guentheri in species profile and threats database , department of the environment , canberra . available from : urltoken . accessed tue , 10 jul 2018 05 : 22 : 33 + 1000 .
citation : department of the environment ( 2018 ) . christinus guentheri in species profile and threats database , department of the environment , canberra . available from : urltoken . accessed tue , 10 jul 2018 06 : 50 : 48 + 1000 .
there is unpublished morphological and genetic data supporting the suggestion by cogger ( 2014 ) that the norfolk island and lord howe islands populations represent distinct species ( d . chapple pers . comm . 2017 ) . until this work is formally published , this account retains the traditional concept of christinus guentheri .
cogger , h . , g . muir & g . shea ( 2006 ) . a survey of the terrestrial reptiles ( christinus guentheri and oligosoma lichenigera ) of norfolk island - march 2005 : 1 . executive summary and background document . australian government department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts , canberra . urltoken
cogger , h . , g . muir & g . shea ( 2006a ) . a survey of the terrestrial reptiles ( christinus guentheri and oligosoma lichenigera ) of norfolk island - march 2005 : 2 . a qualitative assessment of the relative abundance of the norfolk and lord howe island reptiles . australian government department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts , canberra . urltoken
the lord howe island gecko christinus guentheri , which can grow to 12cm in length is native to both lord howe and norfolk islands . the gecko can grow to 12cm long ; it is nocturnal , and during the day hides in tree cracks and palm crowns . the introduced rats rattus rattus prey upon the native geckos , and they are not as comon on the main lord howe island as they once used to be . however the offshore islets around lord howe island are rodent free and provide a safe refuge for the geckos .
donnellan , s . c . , aplin , k . p . and dempsey , p . j . ( 2000 ) . genetic and morphological variation in australian christinus ( squamata : gekkonidae ) : preliminary overview with recognition of a cryptic species on the nullarbor plain . australian journal of zoology 48 , 289–315 .
notes and disclaimer this information may not be complete . while all care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information in this page , primary sources should always be consulted for definitive information . animals have an endearing habit of disobeying the rules , so the information on this page should be interpreted with a degree of flexibility . the author and site operator accepts no responsibility for any losses or damages incurred through using this web site or the information contained herein . don ' t get bitten by anything ! this page may be cited as : christinus guentheri at the australian reptile online database . last updated 2017 - 07 - 04 13 : 13 : 55 . retrieved from urltoken on the 10th of july , 2018 . before citing information contained in arod , please read our citing arod page . copyright notice this page , its content and layout are copyright © 2007 - 2018 stewart macdonald / ug media , unless otherwise stated . all photographs in the australian reptile online database are © the photographer and may not be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of the photographer . no part of the australian reptile online database may be reproduced without written permission from stewart macdonald .
notes and disclaimer this information may not be complete . while all care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information in this page , primary sources should always be consulted for definitive information . animals have an endearing habit of disobeying the rules , so the information on this page should be interpreted with a degree of flexibility . the author and site operator accepts no responsibility for any losses or damages incurred through using this web site or the information contained herein . don ' t get bitten by anything ! this page may be cited as : christinus marmoratus at the australian reptile online database . last updated 2016 - 10 - 30 12 : 50 : 07 . retrieved from urltoken on the 10th of july , 2018 . before citing information contained in arod , please read our citing arod page . copyright notice this page , its content and layout are copyright © 2007 - 2018 stewart macdonald / ug media , unless otherwise stated . all photographs in the australian reptile online database are © the photographer and may not be reproduced in any form without the express written consent of the photographer . no part of the australian reptile online database may be reproduced without written permission from stewart macdonald .
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for information to assist regulatory considerations , refer to policy statements and guidelines , the conservation advice , the listing advice and / or the recovery plan .
recovery plan required , included on the commenced list ( 1 / 11 / 2009 ) .
. department of environment and climate change ( nsw ) , sydney . available from :
. department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts , canberra . available from :
department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts ( 2009 ) .
. department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts . available from :
survey guidelines for australia ' s threatened reptiles . epbc act survey guidelines 6 . 6
( department of sustainability , environment , water , population and communities ( dsewpac ) , 2011 ) [ admin guideline ] .
lord howe island gecko - profile ( nsw office of environment and heritage ( nsw oeh ) , 2012ab ) [ internet ] .
listed as vulnerable ( global status : iucn red list of threatened species : 2017 . 1 list )
the distribution shown is generalised from the departments species of national environmental significance dataset . this is an indicative distribution map of the present distribution of the species based on best available knowledge . some species information is withheld in line with sensitive species polices . see map caveat for more information .
the lord howe island and norfolk island populations may be two species ( cogger 2014 ) .
the lord howe island gecko is a pale olive - grey to dark brown , heavily built reptile growing to 8 cm , weighing around 12 g . it is peppered with dark brown spots and a series of six paler , w - shaped tranverse markings , continuous with the paler flanks . the tail has a dull , russet - red mid - dorsal stripe , is whitish / yellow - brown below and peppered with dark brown spots . the species has smooth , small scales , and long , slender fingers and toes ( cogger 2000 , nsw oeh 2012ab ) .
the lord howe island gecko occurs on lord howe island ( in a small area near the main settlement ) , islands off lord howe island ( blackburn ( rabbit ) island , roach island and balls pyramid ) and islands off norfolk island ( phillip island , nepean island and two small rocky islets , moo - oo rock , bird rock and green pool stone ) ( cogger et al . 1993 , 2006 ; nsw oeh 2012ab ) . the species was apparently extinct from norfolk island before human settlement and is only known from sub - fossil remains ( cogger 2014 ) .
an extensive survey of norfolk island , phillip island , nepean island and some small islets off norfolk island was undertaken in 1978 ( cogger et al . 1983 ) and in 2005 ( cogger et al . 2006 , 2006a ) . densities in some areas on phillip island are very high , with 34 individuals captured from the lower branches of one small tree in a half - hour period . a population estimate for fisherman ' s hut rock ( part of phillip island ) based on a three - night mark - recapture program was 679 individuals . day surveys of the same area found only 10 individuals . the population for phillip island is estimated to be between 99 000 and 176 000 ( cogger et al . 2006 ) and is thought to have increased since the elimination of rabbits ( oryctolagus cuniculus ) on the island in 1986 ( cogger et al . 1993 ) .
the species has not been systematically surveyed on lord howe island in recent times , with the last published report being that of cogger ( 1971 ) ( dsewpac 2011m ) .
the lord howe island gecko occurs in closed forest , low open woodland , tussock grassland and rocky islets . the species prefers rocky areas that offer protection , with crevices , rock slabs or boulders embedded in the soil ( nsw oeh 2012ab ) .
on blackburn island , the species is common among gentle slopes of loose basalt boulders on the leeward side , especially around the bases of low , windswept trees . fewer individuals live on the windward side , where there are few boulder piles .
on the lord howe island mainland , the species is restricted to a single , rare habitat type behind lagoon beach and at the base of malabar . the habitat consists of honeycombed beachrock partially embedded in the soil , surrounded by howea palm forest , in which there is a thick layer of humus formed by leaf litter . the surfaces of the rocks are pitted with holes averaging 1 - 2 cm in diameter , tunnelling deep into the matrix of the rock . some tunnels join to form larger chambers . the tunnels appear to provide the only safe shelter site from vertebrate predators . the surrounding humus provides many invertebrate prey items ( cogger 1971 ) .
on phillip island , the species occurs over all parts of the island , wherever cover offers protection from the sun . maximum densities occur on grassy coastal cliffs and among trees and vegetation on boulder slopes in the central valley . in these habitats , the species shelters under rocks , fallen timber and other debris . there may be a difference in habitat preferences of males and females on this island : males predominate in relatively clear slopes beneath white oak ( lagunaria patersonia ) and females predominate in the boulder slopes beneath thickets of the introduced african olive ( olea africana ) . in one study , the majority of eggs were found in african olive thickets ( cogger et al . 1983 ) .
on nepean island , the species is abundant throughout the island , sheltering beneath surface rocks , litter and rocky crevices during the day . at night , individuals forage on open sand , rocky cliffs , grassy areas and in the littoral and adjacent splash zones . the largest numbers occur near white oak thickets ( cogger et al . 1983 ) .
on bird rock and moo - oo rock , the species shelters beneath rocks partly embedded in the soil , in rock crevices and in particularly high densities near white oak thickets ( cogger et al . 1983 ) .
little is known about the age at sexual maturity , life expectancy and natural mortality rates of the lord howe island gecko . in one study , the adult sex ratio on phillip island is close to 1 : 1 , while on nepean island it is 1 male : 1 . 42 females . the adult to juvenile ratio on these islands was 1 : 0 . 06 and 1 : 0 . 26 respectively ( cogger et al . 1979 ) .
a survey on lord howe island in june 1966 failed to find any gravid ( egg - carrying ) females ( cogger 1971 ) . surveys conducted in the norfolk island complex in november found some gravid females , while others retained physiology that indicated recent oviposition . males have been found undergoing active spermatogenesis in november ( cogger et al . 1979 ) .
clutch size varies from one to three eggs , with a mean of 1 . 32 ( n = 15 ) ( cogger et al . 1979 ) . eggs are soft when laid , taking the shape of the surfaces they touch and often adhering to the rock or each other , becoming thick , brittle and calcareous ( cogger 1971 ) . clutches of up to seven eggs appear to be evidence for communal nesting ( cogger et al . 1983 ) . on lord howe island , eggs are placed in the tunnels in honeycomb beachrock , with new eggs laid upon the shells of hatched eggs ( cogger 1971 ) . on phillip island and nepean island , nests were found in soil beneath small to large boulders or under fallen timber ( cogger et al . 1983 ) .
five eggs collected from lord howe island in june were taken to a laboratory and left in a dry jar on a bench experiencing temperatures of 19 °c to 29 °c . although the laying date was not known , the minimum incubation time for the eggs was from 30 to 39 weeks ( cogger 1971 ) . in another study , eggs collected from phillip island and nepean island in late november and incubated in the laboratory had a minimum incubation time of 11 - 12 . 5 weeks , while one egg laid in the laboratory in december hatched after 13 weeks ( cogger et al . 1983 ) .
tail loss is common on phillip island , with original tails usually only found on juveniles . loss is believed to be due to intraspecific interactions under high density situations , rather than predation . the only terrestrial predators on phillip island are crabs and large centipedes ( cogger et al . 1979 ) .
two important seasonal sources of food on phillip island are nectar , including that of the white oak ( lagunaria patersonia ) and the swan plant ( gomphocarpus physocarpus ) , and the fruit of the succulent herb , pigface ( carpobrotus sp . ) ( cogger et al . 1979 , 1983 ; stevenson cited in cogger et al . 1993 ) . gut contents of specimens collected from phillip island included bracts or leaves from flowering plants , anthers and seeds ( cogger et al . 1983 ) . invertebrates also form a major part of the diet , with the following items occurring in over 20 % of the stomachs examined from phillip island : spiders , mites , beetles , moths , caterpillars , flies , ants and wasps ( cogger et al . 1983 ) .
nocturnal activity appears to be unrestricted by the need to thermoregulate , with the thermal activity range for the species differing little from the ambient temperature range ( cogger et al . 1983 ) .
to detect the presence of the lord howe island gecko , it is recommended that spotlighting be undertaken in the warmer months of the year ( november to february ) . the peak activity period for the species is probably mid - spring to mid - summer . it is a nocturnal species , active on trees and on the coastal rocks , with a peak activity between sunset and the first three hours after dark . it shelters by day under a variety of rocky habitats and presumably also in the hollows of trees ( dsewpac 2011m ) .
cogger and colleagues ( 1983 , 2006 , 2006a ) successfully undertook day searches under loose rocks , detecting the species at philip and nepean islands and on several smaller offshore islets . further night spotting on philip island resulted in significantly greater numbers of observations .
predation by rat ( rattus spp . ) , cats ( felis catus ) and pigs ( sus scrofa ) on the main island ( cogger et al . 1993 )
accidental introduction of non - native invertebrates ( e . g . red imported fire ant ( solenopsis invicta ) or yellow crazy ant ( anoplolepis gracilipes ) ) or rats on to offshore islands ( nsw oeh 2012ab )
competition for food resources with the introduced grass skink ( lampropholis delicata ) , which was first detected in the early 1990s and spread from the settlement to the northern hills and intermediate hill ( cogger 2004 ) .
accidental introduction of the asian house gecko or rats to phillip and nepean islands ( cogger et al . 1979 )
historic predation by the pacific rat ( rattus exulans ) which may have been the major cause of decline on norfolk island ( cogger et al . 1993 )
historic habitat destruction by rabbits , pigs and goats ( capra hircus ) on phillip island ; pigs and goats died out naturally , and rabbits were eliminated from the island in 1986 ( cogger et al . 1993 ) .
research into the ecology and genetics of species to provide information to assist in its conservation .
on lord howe island there is an ongoing intensive mouse ( mus musculus ) and rat control program ( lord howe island board 2009 ) , a ban on importation of cats ( no cats now occur on the island ) ( nsw decc 2007b ) and the eradication of pigs in the early 1980s ( nsw decc 2007b ) .
management undertaken in the norfolk island group includes elimination of rabbits on phillip island in 1986 and exclusion of rats from a large section of norfolk island national park ( cogger et al . 1993 ) . ongoing management actions identified for the norfolk island group include continued weed control and habitat restoration work on phillip island , particularly removal of african olive and re - establishing stands of white oak ; and establishment of effective quarantine protocols for phillip island . should rats and cats be controlled on norfolk island it may be possible to re - establish the lord howe island gecko there ( dnp 2010 ) .
the highly insectivorous diet of the lord howe island gecko ( nsw decc 2007b ) exposes them to the risk of ingesting brodifacoum ( used in rodent baiting ) if they feed on invertebrates carrying brodifacoum from baits . however , the risk of secondary poisoning is low ( wilkinson & priddel 2011 ) .
management documents relevant to the lord howe island gecko can be found at the start of the profile . another important management plan is the draft lord howe island rodent eradication plan ( lord howe island board 2009 ) .
cogger , h . g . ( 1971 ) . the reptiles of lord howe island . proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales . 96 ( 1 ) : 23 - 40 .
cogger , h . g . ( 2000 ) . reptiles and amphibians of australia - 6th edition . sydney , nsw : reed new holland .
cogger , h . g . ( 2014 ) . reptiles and amphibians of australia - 7th edition . collingwood , vic : csiro publishing .
cogger , h . g . , e . e . cameron & r . a . sadlier ( 1979 ) . the terrestrial reptiles of islands in the norfolk island complex . the terrestrial reptiles of islands in the norfolk island complex . page ( s ) 1 - 122 . anpws . anpws , canberra .
cogger , h . g . , e . e . cameron , r . a . sadlier & p . eggler ( 1993 ) . the action plan for australian reptiles . canberra , act : australian nature conservation agency . available from : urltoken .
cogger , h . g . , r . a . sadlier & e . e . cameron ( 1983 ) . the terrestrial reptiles of australia ' s island territories . : 50 - 52 . anpws . anpws , canberra .
department of environment and climate change ( nsw ) ( 2007 ) . lord howe island biodiversity management plan . department of environment and climate change ( nsw ) , sydney . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 25 - may - 2008 .
department of sustainability , environment , water , population and communities ( dsewpac ) ( 2011m ) . survey guidelines for australia ' s threatened reptiles . epbc act survey guidelines 6 . 6 . canberra , act : dsewpac . available from : urltoken .
director of national parks ( 2010 ) . norfolk island region threatened species recovery plan . department of the environment , water , heritage and the arts , canberra . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 28 - jul - 2010 .
lord howe island board ( 2009 ) . draft lord howe island rodent eradication plan . lord howe island board , lord howe .
nsw office of environment and heritage ( nsw oeh ) ( 2012ab ) . lord howe island gecko - profile . available from : urltoken .
wilkinson , i . s . & d . priddel ( 2011 ) . rodent eradication on lord howe island : challenges posed by people , livestock , and threatened endemics . in : veitch , c . r . , m . n . clout & d . r . towns , eds . island invasives : eradication and management . page ( s ) 508 - 14 .
commonwealth of australia ( 2000 ) . declaration under s178 , s181 , and s183 of the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 - list of threatened species , list of threatened ecological communities and list of threatening processes . f2005b02653 . canberra : federal register of legislative instruments . available from : urltoken . in effect under the epbc act from 16 - jul - 2000 .
epbc act email updates can be received via the communities for communities newsletter and the epbc act newsletter .
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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
australia ( lord howe island , norfolk island ) type locality : norfolk is . , lord howe is . , champion bay , nw coast of australia ( the latter presumed to be in error , fide cogger ( 1971 ) .
named after albert günther ( 1830 - 1914 ) , german - born zoologist at the british museum .
bauer a m . good d a . branch w r . 1997 . the taxonomy of the southern african leaf - toed geckos ( squamata : gekkonidae ) , with a review of old world
phyllodactylus
and the description of five new genera . proc . cal . acad . sci . 49 ( 14 ) : 447 - 497 . - get paper here
beolens , bo ; michael watkins , and michael grayson 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , usa - get paper here
boulenger , g . a . 1885 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( nat . hist . ) i . geckonidae , eublepharidae , uroplatidae , pygopodidae , agamidae . london : 450 pp . - get paper here
cogger , h . g . 1971 . the reptiles of lord howe island . proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 96 : 23 - 38 - get paper here
cogger , h . g . 2014 . reptiles and amphibians of australia , 7th ed . csiro publishing , xxx + 1033 pp .
cogger , h . g . 2000 . reptiles and amphibians of australia , 6th ed . ralph curtis publishing , sanibel island , 808 pp .
heinicke , matthew p . ; juan d . daza , eli greenbaum , todd r . jackman & aaron m . bauer 2014 . phylogeny , taxonomy and biogeography of a circum - indian ocean clade of leaf - toed geckos ( reptilia : gekkota ) , with a description of two new genera . systematics and biodiversity 12 ( 1 ) : 23 - 42 , doi : 10 . 1080 / 14772000 . 2013 . 877999 - get paper here
wilson , s . & swan , g . 2010 . a complete guide to reptiles of australia , 3rd ed . chatswood : new holland , 558 pp .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
justification : listed as vulnerable because it has an area of occupancy below 20 km 2 , it occurs at ten locations defined by ongoing ( on lord howe , representing the majority of the range ) and ( on four offshore islands ) plausible future impacts of invasive species that are degrading its habitat and may - based on evidence of reduced reproductive activity and possible local extinction in parts of lord howe island - be causing an ongoing decline in the number of mature individuals .
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 14fcad2a - 9390 - 4326 - b9a4 - e3b063917592
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 433be587 - cc99 - 4a92 - 9b38 - 35288cfc1fde
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 62216a8d - 1750 - 4ffc - 934d - c0708df175dc
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 924d7f69 - 2c26 - 4d55 - b9fe - c7ebc00cb643
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a2c974b4 - 5501 - 4ad7 - b12f - ad42657e4725
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a0870ac7 - 6a21 - 4547 - 8e5d - cc6e65e77072
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 376064
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- wells & wellington ( 1984 ) . a synopsis of the class reptilia in australia . australian journal of herpetology , 1 ( 3 - 4 ) : 73 - 129 .
- ehmann , harald ( 1992 ) . encyclopedia of australian animals : reptiles . angus and robertson . 495 pp
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wells , richard w . & wellington , c . ross ( 1984 ) . a synopsis of the class reptilia in australia . australian journal of herpetology , 1 ( 3 - 4 ) : 73 - 129 . - search web for this article
ehmann , harald ( 1992 ) . encyclopedia of australian animals : reptiles . angus and robertson . 495 pp - search web for this book
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continent : australia distribution : australia ( lord howe island , norfolk island ) type locality : norfolk is . , lord howe is . , champion bay , nw coast of australia ( the latter presumed to be in error , fide cogger ( 1971 ) .
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the relationship between the old and the current - cavs 8 . 1 update : 03 - jun - 94
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. the contrasted patterns of these geckos , marbling , are found in a variety of reddish - brown , grey , silver , white , black and purplish hues . they are frequently found in old knotted trees and sometimes congregate in large numbers in established urban environments .
the genus was named for christine biggs , a friend of one of the authors .
) , is not given in later literature . the genus has been described as containing two species , the island population and the widespread southern population .
, has two or more subspecies in its distribution range . one proposed subspecies ,
browne - cooper , robert ; brian bush ; brad maryan ; david robinson ( 2007 ) . reptiles and frogs in the bush : southwestern australia . university of western australia press . pp . 108 , 109 . isbn 978 - 1 - 920694 - 74 - 6 .
wells , richard .
etymology of wells and wellington names
. taxonomy discussion . kingsnake . com .
wells , r . w . & wellington , c . r . 1984 . a synopsis of the class reptilia in australia . australian journal of herpetology 1 ( 3 - 4 ) : 73–129 [ 1983 on title page ]
greer , a . e . 2006 . encyclopedia of australian reptiles . australian museum online version date : 7 august 2006
. it has the longest documented history of any living indo - european language , spanning 34 centuries ( 3 , 400 years ) of written records .
. the language is spoken by at least 13 . 2 million people today in greece , cyprus , italy , albania , turkey , and the
: the coexistence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of the language . what came to be known as the
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touche - right off the bat , a trinomial patronym . i can ' t believe that has eluded me for so many years thanks !
davewakeum miriamae was named ( in 1972 ) by w . ron heyer of the national museum of natural history ( the smithsonian ) , the genus to honor david b . wake , long - time director of the mvz at uc berkeley , and ron ' s wife miriam h . heyer , who specializes on the systematics of leptodactylid frogs . at the time , dave commented that he had been
honored by being compared to a degenerate legless skink .
no one dared ask about the miriam part . but all is well , since in 2011 siler et al . merged davewakeum into the larger genus brachymeles ( molecular phylogenetics and evolution 59 ( 1 ) : 53 - 65 ) .
you should specify that it is not fair to use any names generated by the australian nutbag ray hoser , who has filled garbage cans with new names for herps . his m . o . is apparently if you throw enough crap at the wall a bit wiil stick , and he sure loves patronyms . citing hoser names is too easy .
so , i ' m curious , how many examples are there of both the genus and species being patronyms - and no using that asshat from australia . hoser or something ?
and chris , thanks - i didn ' t think of that one either . gambelia doesn ' t sound much like a name either .
xantusia bezyi , x . henshawi , x . riversiana , x . sanchezi , x . wigginsi . for a list of patronyms of north american herps , and short biographies of those so honored , see the website by eliin beltz ( 2006 ) at urltoken .
northern and southern green anoles . the genus taxon sounds made up , the species and subspecies taxon sound made up and / or has the
ensis
ending .
not quite what kevin was looking for . carolinensis is named after the carolinas and seminolus is named after the indians / region . neither are really named in honor of a specific person .
was a combination of things . a )
dave
isn ' t something you see very often in scientific names . typically a scientific names sounds unusual ( e . g . , xantusia - i would never have guessed that was someone ' s name ) , and b ) combining a first name and last name is also not terribly common - a few examples i can think of are
. so if i really wanted to make this more challenging , i could say
examples that include a first name and last name combined
- but that seems a little too selective .
translates to
coming from carolina .
and in the us we tend to not overdo it , but in china for example , most animals are named with an -
( examples : medongensis , mangshanensis , wuyiensis , hongkongensis , zhejiangensis , fujianensis , hubeiensis , etc etc ) .
it ' s just a matter of personal preference is what it boils down to . i like scientific names that are descriptive of the animal ( flavomaculata = yellow spotted ; macropisthodon = large rear tooth , adamanteus = bold , unyielding , atrox = fierce , granulosus = granulated ) .
- it just sounded like a made - up scientific name ( like when my non - herp friends joke ,
you should name it
mountaindewensis
- that is jibberish and it sounds like it was created by someone that didn ' t know
the rules
- davewakeum gave me that impression at first . again , i think because of the two reasons i mentioned up top -
dave
plus the fact that a first name is combined with a last name .
there ' s a funny story about hyla putae ( h . lindae ) that i ' m not gonna share here .
i no kidding just had this discussion two nights again at the midwest herp symposium . i don ' t think that honorific names should be allowed by the iczn , tradition be damned .
first and last names may be combined when the latter is common among people in a related field , such as tantilla
hobartsmithi
. for hispanic names , the patronym and matronym may be combined , such as sceloporus
lemosespinali
for julio lemos espinal , or liolaemus
donosobarrosi
for roberto donoso barros . the first name may be added to correct a synonym , such as micrurus schmidti being renamed m . karlschmidti when it was discovered that m . schmidti was preoccupied . some genera are named for mythical / fictional characters , such as
hyla
or
nerodia
, producing other double eponyms such as hyla wrightorum .
example , the same was done with mangshanensis . originally it was ermia mangshanensis , but then it was discovered that ermia was a genus of beetles , so it became zhaoermia ( zhao = surname , er - mi = first name ) ; of course now the snake is in the genus
wanna know whats less common than dual patronyms ? hyphenated epithets . urltoken urltoken i think there are only 2 or 3 in the herp world , but i don ' t know how often it is used in other types of animals .
very weird , as i thought that was one of the things against the rules . . .
there is a hyphenated fish also . the gravel chub with the scientific name of erimystax x - punctatus . i always thought it looked wrong and not like a real scientific name .
at least for the fish , i believe it is for the x shaped markings on its side .
you will find a surprising number of dual and even triple patronyms in species named after robert mertens - to the point where it almost looks like a convention ( see urltoken . . . on = mertens ) . have a look for instance at the genus mertensiella . a side note is that within this genus all the species with double patronyms have been moved to the genus lyciasalamandra and those with triple have been elevated to species status but that of course is a matter of systematics , not nomenclature .
not a double patronym , but i always like the name rana bwana because it is named after dr . james r . dixon ' s nickname
bwana jim
. unfortunately , the splitting of the genus rana has changed it to lithobates bwana which certainly doesn ' t have the ring of rana bwana . have you checked this site - urltoken . they probably have some double patronyms as well as some other hilarious stuff .
plenty of butterflies have the hyphenated name thing . m - album , v - album etc .
storeria dekayi wrightorum . david humphreys storer , james ellsworth dekay , and the wrights ( albert and anna wright were a married duo ) . 
it ' s almost good enough to have to be true , but now we have four more double patronyms . this requires that anniella be a patronym ( why not , maybe gray had a mistress ) . the best of the new crop is anniella alexanderae papenfuss and parham 2013 . annie m . ( not l . ) alexander was the long - time patroness of the museums of paleontology and zoology at uc berkeley . we also have anniella campi , anniella grinnelli , and anniella stebbinsi . papenfuss , theodore j . and james f . parham . 2013 . four new species of california legless lizards ( anniella ) . breviora 536 : 1 - 17 . don ' t ask me if i think these are valid .
not a reptile , but nesiotus joebranhami is a beetle after a known reptile guy .