forcipiger longirostris , commonly known as the longnose butterflyfish or big longnose butterflyfish , is a species of butterflyfish found on coral reefs throughout the tropical waters of the indo-pacific .

even with its distinctive , point-like long nose , the longnose butterflyfish still can easily be confused with its more common cousin f. flavissimus .

both species may be kept in aquariums .

forcipiger longirostris

katja schulz set
image of forcipiger longirostris
as an exemplar on
forcipiger longirostris ( broussonet , 1782 )
.
katja schulz marked
forcipiger longirostris - credit sandra j . raredon , division of fishes , nmnh
as trusted on the
forcipiger longirostris
page .
melanistic forcipiger longirostris photographed in hawaii . photo credit : bruce and jacky , hawaii’10 .
jennifer hammock chose to hide data on
forcipiger longirostris ( broussonet , 1782 )
.
the longnose butterflyfish ( forcipiger longirostris ) is bright yellow , with the upper . . .
leo shapiro added text to
text
on
forcipiger longirostris ( broussonet , 1782 )
.
forcipiger longirostris from hawaii . note the striae present behind the pectoral fin . photo credit : barry fackler .
forcipiger longirostris , marshall islands . note the spotted breast and fully blackened eye . photo credit : dustin dorton .
funnily enough , the name of this fish in latin and english is also based on its elongated , forceps - like jaw : longnose butterflyfish ( forcipiger longirostris ) and foreceps butterflyfish ( forcipiger flavissimus ) .
leucistic f . longirostris . photo credit : ocean and sea bkk , thailand .
forcipiger flavissimus . note the pointed upper caudal lobe . photo credit : ian skipworth .
the name lauwiliwilinukunukuʻoiʻoi is used for two species of longnose butterflyfish : the forcipiger longirostris and the forcipiger flavissimus . both can be found in the water around the hawaiian islands , and the main difference between the two is that the former has a jaw that is about one third longer .
a juvenile longnose butterflyfish , forcipiger longirostris , at lembeh straits , sulawesi ( north ) , indonesia . source : dennis polack / fishwise professional . license : cc by attribution - noncommercial - sharealike
myers , r . & pratchett , m . 2009 . forcipiger longirostris . in : iucn 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2011 . 1 . . downloaded on 25 august 2011 .
forcipiger wanai in situ . note the brown suffusion over the body . photo credit : juvenile mania .
forcipiger wanai with its exceedingly rare melanistic phase in the background . photo credit : richard smith , ori .
forcipiger flavissimus yellow longnose butterflyfish . source : wikimedia commons by user nhobgood . published under a cc by - sa 3 . 0 licence
chaetodon longirostris broussonet 1782 , ichthyologia , sistens piscium descriptiones et icones . decas i . : 31 , pl . 7 . type locality : hawaiian islands , central pacific .
f . flavissimus is found in most of the pacific , indo - pacific and red sea ; f . longirostris overlaps the shorter nose sympatriate over much of its range .
randall , j . e . 1961 . two new butterflyfishes ( family chaetodontidae ) of the indo - pacific genus forcipiger . copeia 1961 : 53 - 62 .
i should point out that f . flavissimus has an almost identical ( albeit less frequently available ) cousin with an even longer , more slender schnoz—the very cleverly named big longnose butterflyfish ( forcipiger longirostris ) . of course , it’s pretty tough to compare the relative nose lengths of these two species unless you have a specimen of each side by side .
forcipiger longirostris ( broussonet 1782 ) , yellow longnose , long longnose butterflyfish . with a longer snout than its congener and patch of dark spots on the chest to distinguish the two . also hardy and about the same size . from east african coast to mid - pacific . dark color forms seasonally seen . bunaken , indonesia and hawai ' i pix .
( of chaetodon longirostris broussonet , 1782 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
longnose butterflyfish differ from forcepsfish ( forcipiger flavissimus ) in having a longer snout and smaller mouth , 10 - 11 vs 12 - 13 dorsal - fin spines , and black flecks or spots on the chest .
the recently described forcipiger wanai from cenderawasih bay , west papua , is a dusky brownish - yellow fading to yellow - orange near the fins with a bright yellow band behind the black marking on the head .
( of prognathodes longirostris ( broussonet , 1782 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of chelmo longirostris ( broussonet , 1782 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of forcipiger cyrano randall , 1961 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of forcipiger inornatus randall , 1961 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
relative comparisons of snout lengths in f . flavissimus ( above ) and f . longirostris ( below ) . note the remarkable difference in length . snout length vs . sl = 31 . 4 % . photo credit : ichthyologist . tumblr .
relative comparisons of snout lengths in f . flavissimus ( above ) and f . longirostris ( below ) . note the marked difference in length . snouth length vs . sl = 38 . 8 % . photo credit : ichthyologist . tumblr .
forcipiger eggs and larvae have been described . the larvae have an elongate , armoured snout , reduced supracleithral and posttemporal plates , a large , ragged supraoccipital crest , and long , sharp preopercular spines ( leis & rennis 1983 ) .
range : forcipiger flavissimus occurs from the red sea all the way to central america . the yellow longnose butterflyfish is usually found on clear coral reefs , where it flits above stony and soft coral growth , and inspects the substrate for its favorite foods . it is found at a broad depth range , from 6 to 475 feet , hanging out in caves and under overhangs . unlike many butterflyfish , adult forcipiger flavissimus are often solitary creatures , but they do occasionally occur in loose pairs .
a heterospecific pairing between f . longirostris ( left ) and f . flavissimus ( right ) . note the difference in snout lengths and eye color . also note the relatively large size of the pectoral fins in members of this genus . photo credit : dustin dorton .
boyle , k . s . & tricas , t . c . 2011 . sound production in the longnose butterflyfishes ( genus forcipiger ) : cranial kinematics , muscle activity and honest signals . j . exp . biol . 214 : 3829 - 3842 .
forcipiger flavissimus jordan & mcgregor 1898 , yellow longnose butterflyfish , forcepsfish . wide variety of foods taken , rarely corals . widest distribution of b / fs , from east coast of africa to west coast of central america . to eight inches overall length . hawaii and maldives photos .
among the better butterflies is one of my personal favorites : the yellow longnose butterflyfish ( forcipiger flavissimus ) from the indo - pacific . while i wouldn’t describe f . flavissimus as particularly beginner friendly , i think it’s a pretty solid choice for the experienced hobbyist with the right setup .
eight species in six different families of tropical marine reef fishes from the indo - west pacific region ( naso lituratus , zebrasoma . flavescens , balistes fuscus , b . vidua , forcipiger longirostris , echidna zebra , cromileptes altivelis , canthigaster jactator ) were tested for ability to thermoregulate behaviorally in electronic shuttleboxes . all of these species preferred mean temperatures between 20 and 30°c , but differed considerably in thermoregulatory precision . all species avoided lethal high or low temperatures ( i . e . , they did not die during the tests ) , and some species thermoregulated as precisely as temperate species . some temperate species prefer higher temperatures ( above 30°c ) than do these tropical reef species .
biogeography of forcipiger . this genus is remarkable for the dichotomizing distributions of two species . f . flavissimus is the most widespread butterflyfish in its genus and family , adopting a nearly completely circumtropical distribution . f . wanai , on the other hand , is restricted to only cenderawasih bay and the surrounding region of west papua . photo credit : gerry allen and john randall .
a better way to tell them apart is to look at the chest area . you’ll see a cluster of small black dots there if the species in question is f . longirostris but no dots if it’s f . flavissimus . also , on the big longnose , the black coloration on the head tends to cover the entire eye , whereas the bottom portion of the eye is silver on f . flavissimus .
difficulty : the yellow longnose butterflyfish is indeed one of the more aquarium - adaptable of the butterflyfish . the yellow longnose butterflyfish usually accepts most captive foods , snapping up frozen mysid shrimp , frozen preparations for carnivores and finely shaved seafood ( e . g . , shrimp ) . feed it at least twice a day . forcipiger flavissimus will also appreciate some live rock from which it will extract small worms and crustaceans .
the two species are easily distinguished on the basis of relative snout length . f . longirostris is the
winner by a nose
as it ' s scientific name implies . what did billy shakespeare write ;
what ' s in a ( common ) name
? there is another longnose butterflyfish in the literature , chelmon rostratus ; unfortunately it is not near as hardy as it ' s yellow brethren . also , if you cruise the literature , you may find there are other longnose species in this genus ( these are invalid junior synonyms ) and black and brown color variants ( they are the same species , with the same care ) but we ' re not going into them here .
the fish with the honor of having the longest hawaiian name is the lauwiliwilinukunukuʻoiʻoi .
freely translated this name means “long - snouted fish shaped like a wiliwili leaf” . the wiliwili tree , by the way , is endemic to hawai’i . it’s name means “repeatedly twisted” , and you can see why .
if you feel like twisting your tongue , see if you can pronounce “lauwiliwilinukunukuʻoiʻoi” 3 times in a row . one tip : first listen to someone else trying .
okina” signs ( the apostrophe which denotes a glottal stop ) . since the okina is an official letter in the hawaiian alphabet this gives the lauwiliwilinukunukuʻoiʻoi a total of 25 letters !
some people say that the humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa is the longest hawaiian name for a fish . this is not true , because it “only” has 22 letters ( counting the okina ) . luckily the humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa has another honorable distinction : it is the state fish of hawai’i !
another cool fact about the lauwiliwilinukunukuʻoiʻoi is that they mate for life , jut like other butterflyfish species . monogamous relations are not common in fishes , and mostly found in tropical and subtropical waters . care needed from two parents , joint defense of territories , and difficulties in finding a mate all can play a role [ source ] .
finally , the lauwiliwilinukunukuʻoiʻoi was collected and described during capt . james cook’s third voyage , between 1776 and 1780 . this makes it the holder of the questionable distinction of being the first hawaiian marine organism to be collected and named by a european scientist .
we share our favorite pictures on instagram . guaranteed 100 % original content from the big island of hawai ' i , go have a look !
we are a big island ( island of hawaii ) travel guide written by people with a passion for hawaii .
we want you to enable you to plan your vacation in a sustainable way with minimum impact on the local environment .
latin , forceps = instrument of the pincers kind used for seizing and holding objects , esp . in surgical and obstetric operations + latin , gero = to carry ; 1634 ( ref . 45335 )
randall , 1961 is considered as valid in eschmeyer ( coff ver . mar . 2011 : ref . 86697 ) following randall ( 2007 : ref .
marine ; reef - associated ; non - migratory ; depth range 3 - 200 m ( ref . 89972 ) . tropical ; 28°n - 28°s , 32°e - 130°w
indo - pacific : east africa to the hawaiian , marquesan , and pitcairn islands , north to the bonin [ = ogasawara ] islands , south to new caledonia and the austral islands ; throughout micronesia .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 22 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9710 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 10 - 11 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 24 - 28 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 17 - 20 .
a generally uncommon species that inhabits seaward reefs to depths greater than 60 m ( ref . 9710 ) . benthopelagic ( ref . 58302 ) . feeds mainly on whole organisms such as small crustaceans . usually seen in pairs . oviparous ( ref . 205 ) , monogamous ( ref . 52884 ) . forms pairs during breeding ( ref . 205 ) . sometimes dark brown instead of yellow ( ref . 48636 ) . in the east indian region this species is replaced by f . wanai at cenderawasih bay ( ref . 90102 ) .
distinct pairing ( ref . 205 ) . monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social ( ref . 52884 ) .
myers , r . f . , 1991 . micronesian reef fishes . second ed . coral graphics , barrigada , guam . 298 p . ( ref . 1602 )
) : 24 . 7 - 29 , mean 27 . 9 ( based on 992 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 6250 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 02239 ( 0 . 01201 - 0 . 04173 ) , b = 3 . 03 ( 2 . 87 - 3 . 19 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 ±0 . 50 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 17 of 100 ) .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this species has exhibited localised declines in abundance at moorea ( french polynesia ) , but it is unclear whether this is linked to coral loss . it is listed as least concern in view of its wide range . research is required to establish whether there is a reliance on live coral ( perhaps during settlement ) .
this species is widespread throughout the indo - pacific , from socotra to mozambique in east africa , to the hawaiian islands and pitcairn group north to the ryukyu and ogasawara islands , south to new caledonia and the austral islands . this species has a depth range of 2 - 208 m . range size ~ 74 million km
american samoa ; australia ; bangladesh ; christmas island ; comoros ; cook islands ; fiji ; french polynesia ; french southern territories ( mozambique channel is . ) ; guam ; india ; indonesia ; japan ; kenya ; kiribati ( kiribati line is . , phoenix is . ) ; maldives ; marshall islands ; mauritius ; mayotte ; micronesia , federated states of ; mozambique ; myanmar ; nauru ; new caledonia ; niue ; northern mariana islands ; palau ; papua new guinea ; philippines ; pitcairn ; réunion ; samoa ; seychelles ; solomon islands ; somalia ; taiwan , province of china ; tanzania , united republic of ; thailand ; tokelau ; tonga ; tuvalu ; united states ( hawaiian is . ) ; united states minor outlying islands ( howland - baker is . , johnston i . , wake is . ) ; vanuatu ; viet nam ; wallis and futuna ; yemen
this species is generally uncommon ( g . r . allen pers . comm . 2006 ) . declines in its abundance ( 50 % decline ) were documented following coral loss at moorea ( french polynesia ) in 1980 , and there has been no recovery to 2003 ( berumen and pratchett 2006 ) .
this species occurs in outer reef areas , often in the vicinity of drop - offs . usually occurs alone or in pairs . the diet composed mostly of small invertebrates ( g . r . allen pers . comm . 2006 ) .
this species was observed to decline in abundance following coral depletion at moorea ( french polynesia ) but it is unknown why this species would be sensitive to coral loss . there are currently no other threats to this species .
there appear to be no species - specific conservation measures in place . this species is present within marine protected areas . monitoring of this species is needed in conjunction with coral monitoring , as well as determination of the degree of co - dependence between this species and corals . research is required to establish whether it is reliant on live coral .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the longnose butterflyfish has a compressed yellow body with a tiny mouth at the end of a very long snout . the upper part of head is black or grey and the snout is silvery - white . a black spot present on the rear of the anal fin just below the caudal peduncle and a black bar runs from the beginning of the dorsal fin through the rear part of the gill cover to the pectoral - fin base . chest usually with rows of black flecks or spots .
found in australia from scott reef ( western australia ) and the great barrier reef ( queensland ) . also known from christmas island . elsewhere the species is widespread in the tropical indo - west - central pacific .
inhabits coral - rich outer reefs , often near drop - offs . individuals or pairs are often . seen picking small invertebrates from within corals or from reef crevices
dorsal fin x - xii , 24 - 28 ; anal fin iii , 17 - 20 .
body and fins bright yellow , head black or grey above , with a silvery - white snout . a black bar runs from the beginning of the dorsal fin through the rear part of the gill cover to the pectoral–fin base . a black spot is present on the rear of the anal fin just below the caudal peduncle . chest region often with a row of small black spots . all fins are yellow except the caudal fin which is clear .
rare individuals may be all black or the yellow body may be all brown in colour .
feeds by sucking small invertebrates ( mostly tiny caridean shrimps ) from crevices and branching corals . like many other plankton - feeding fishes , this species has greatly reduced dentition , and it can also rapidly move the entire jaw apparatus forward to capture prey .
longnose butterflyfish form monogamous pairs during the breeding season and females spawn thousands of pelagic eggs into the water column . butterflyfish larvae typically hatch 30 hours after spawning and the larvae spend an average of 40 days in the plankton before they metamorphose and settle on the reef .
although difficult to maintain in captivity , longnose butterflyfish are occasionally sold in the aquarium industry .
whether defending a harem or a monogamous mate in the wild , forcepsfish and longnose butterflyfish warn competitors away with a single percussive popping sound followed by a flick of the head ( boyle & tricas 2011 ) .
predators are thought to be deceived by the black , eye - sized spot near the clear tail fin allowing the butterfly fish to escape . the real eye is
hidden
in the black head of these butterflyfishes .
allen , g . r . 1985 . butterfly and angelfishes of the world . vol . 2 . mergus publishers , melle , germany .
allen , g . r . & r . c . steene . 1988 . fishes of christmas island indian ocean . christmas island natural history association , christmas island , indian ocean , 6798 , australia . 197 pp .
allen , g . r . , steene , r . & allen , m . 1998 . a guide to angelfishes & butterflyfishes . odyssey publishing / tropical reef research . 250 pp .
berumen , m . l . & pratchett , m . s . 2006 . recovery without resilience : persistent distrubance and long - term shifts in the structure of fish and coral communities at tiahura reef , moorea . coral reefs 25 : 647 - 653 .
burgess , w . e . 1978 . butterflyfishes of the world . a monograph of the family chaetodontidae . t . f . h . publications , neptune city , new jersey .
ferry - graham l . a . , wainwright , p . c . & bellwood , d . r . 2001 . prey capture in long - jawed butterflyfishes ( chaetodontidae ) : the functional basis of novel feeding habits . journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 256 : 167–184 .
ferry - graham , l . a . , wainwright , p . c . , hulsey , c . d . & bellwood , d . r . evolution and mechanics of long jaws in butterflyfishes ( family chaetodontidae ) . journal of morphology 248 : 120 - 143 .
findley , j . s . & m . t . findley . 2001 . global , regional , and local patterns in species richness and abundance of butterflyfishes . ecological monographs . 71 ( 1 ) : 69 - 91 .
hailman , j . p . 1981 . a test of symmetry - deception in a chaetodontid fish . anim . behav . 29 : 1266 - 1267 .
kuiter , r . h . 1996 . guide to sea fishes of australia . new holland . 433 pp .
leis , j . m . & d . s . rennis . 1983 . the larvae of indo - pacific coral reef fishes . new south wales university press , sydney and university of hawaii press , honolulu . 269 pp .
motta , p . j . 1988 . functional morphology of the feeding apparatus of ten species of pacific butterflyfishes ( perciformes , chaetodontidae ) : an ecomorphological approach . env . biol . fish . 22 : 39 - 67 .
randall , j . e . , allen , g . r . & r . c . steene . 1997 . fishes of the great barrier reef and coral sea . crawford house press . 557 pp .
the longnose butterflyfish has a compressed body and a very long snout . the species occurs throughout the indo - west and central pacific .
the longnose butterflyfish has a compressed body and a very long snout . it resembles the forcepsfish , f . flavissimus , but can be distinguished by its longer snout , smaller mouth gape , number of dorsal fin spines ( 10 - 11 vs . 12 - 13 in the forcepsfish ) and by rows of small black spots on the breast . these spots are unusually pale in the fish in the image .
the species occurs throughout the indo - west and central pacific . in australia it is known from off north - western western australia and from the northern great barrier reef .
the map below shows the australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in australian museums . click on the map for detailed information . source : atlas of living australia .
allen , g . r . , steene , r . & m . allen . 1998 . a guide to angelfishes & butterflyfishes . odyssey publishing / tropical reef research . pp . 250 .
hoese , d . f . , bray , d . j . , paxton , j . r . & g . r . allen . 2006 . fishes . in beesley , p . l . & a . wells . ( eds ) zoological catalogue of australia . volume 35 . abrs & csiro publishing : australia . parts 1 - 3 , pages 1 - 2178 .
kuiter , r . h . 1996 . guide to sea fishes of australia . new holland . pp . 433 .
randall , j . e . , allen , g . r . & r . c . steene . 1997 . fishes of the great barrier reef and coral sea . crawford house press . pp . 557 .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
the big longnose butterflyfish an uncommon fish the inhabits the deeper water on the outer edges of some reefs . these butterflyfish have much longer noses than the common longnose butterflyfish . i love watching this guy eat with his awkwardly long nose !
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
yearsley , g . k . , last , p . r . & morris , g . b . 1997 ,
codes for australian aquatic biota ( caab ) : an upgraded and expanded species coding system for australian fisheries databases
, pp . 15 pp . + appendices
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 7057aad6 - 6c8b - 4d06 - 90ca - 50e27b3de110
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : da9f7018 - 7951 - 4f49 - ae6d - bfcc2fb42d0c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 423839
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
the butterflyfishes tend to be a touchy lot when it comes to aquarium keeping . many have highly specialized diets that are difficult—if not impossible—to satisfy in aquariums . several are obligate corallivores , which means they eat nothing but coral polyps , making them very poor aquarium candidates indeed . others may be less - finicky feeders but are still hit - or - miss in terms of hardiness for one reason or another .
nonetheless , there are some species among the butterflyfishes that adapt reasonably well to aquarium conditions and feeding and , therefore , tend to thrive in captivity given the right environment and care .
f . flavissimus is highly compressed laterally ( flattened from side to side ) and is bright yellow from the head backward , not including the transparent pectoral and caudal fins . the top half of the head is black , extending down to just over halfway through the eye , while the bottom half is silvery white . a black ocellus , or “eye spot , ” appears on the anal fin just below the caudal peduncle ( base of the tail ) . of course , as its common name implies , this fish has a thin , elongated snout . its maximum size is 8 to 9 inches .
a well established system containing ample live rock ( offering the longnose plenty of natural feeding opportunities ) is highly recommended for this species , and i would say a tank in the vicinity of 100 gallons is about minimum housing for one .
lists this species’ natural prey items as including hydroids , fish eggs , small crustaceans , the tube feet of echinoderms , the pedicilaria of sea urchins , and polychaete tentacles . but fear not , you don’t have to worry about presenting anything so exotic to aquarium specimens . this species will accept a wide variety of small non - living meaty items , such as frozen mysids , chopped clams , chopped shrimp , etc .
one important note on feeding : make sure any specimen you have your eye on is eating at the local fish store . f . flavissimus usually learns to accept aquarium fare with little difficulty , but you don’t want to take chances . this species , like most butterflies , doesn’t have a lot of nutritional reserve and may not be able to recover if it goes a long time without eating .
f . flavissimus is not especially aggressive , though it will squabble with conspecifics and similar - looking species . otherwise , it should coexist just fine with other peaceful species that are sufficiently dissimilar in appearance .
though some sources list this species as reef safe , i wouldn’t risk keeping it with sessile invertebrates . my fear would be that the temptation to nip at coral polyps with that forceps - like snout would prove irresistible .
if you enjoyed this post , subscribe to get our new posts in your email .
jeff kurtz is the co - founder / editor of saltwater smarts , former senior consulting editor for tropical fish hobbyist magazine , and the aquarist formerly known as “the salt creep . ” he has been an aquarium hobbyist for over 30 years and is an avid scuba diver .
i have never read of being able to keep multiple specimens . can this be accomplished in very large aquariums ?
i’ve only heard of keeping multiples of this species together when you have a known mated pair . i suppose in a very large system with lots of hiding places and visual disruptions it might work to keep multiple specimens that aren’t mated , but i always err on the side of caution ( some would say i’m conservative to a fault ) in this regard . nothing puts me more on edge than to have fish constantly squabbling in my tanks !
you can keep copperband and long nose butterflies in the same tank as i have both , but not two of the same species unless they are a pair and that is almost impossible to tell until you put them together . copperbands and butterflies in the sea eat mainly worms that they pull from holes in the rock . i have been keeping them since the 70s but then they were not easy to keep . by diving with them in tahiti i have learned what and how they eat so i feed mine live blackworms along with clams every day . they live for many years on this diet and it is the same diet i feed to all my fish along with some frozen mysis .
i have 5 small long nosed butterfly in a reef tank and they turned out to be lovely and curious in nature . have not lost any since i bought them . they have not bitten any corals as far as i know . yes , they fond of looking into crevices and holes in rocks for food .
glad to hear your yellow longnose butterflies are doing well , kimberly ! hopefully they’ll continue to coexist peacefully . it’s been a long while since i’ve kept this species , but i have very fond memories .
saltwater smarts is a unique online resource created to inspire and entertain a new generation of marine aquarium hobbyists while helping them succeed with a saltwater system . learn more
saltwater smarts is a participant in the amazon services llc associates program , an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon . com . to learn more , please check out our disclosure page .
description inhabits seaward reefs from 5 to at least 60 m in depth . feeds mainly on whole organisms such as small crustaceans .
description inhabits seaward reefs from 5 to at least 60 m in depth . feeds mainly on whole organisms such as small crustaceans . [ details ]
the webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
tropical marine , often kept at salinities down to 1 . 020 to increase oxygenation and inhibit cryptocaryon , to which the fish is especially susceptible .
generally hardy , careful quarantine is needed because of its susceptibility to parasitic infection , but when well cared for , it is a tough fish . this is one of the “good” butterflies .
not to be considered reef safe , as these fish naturally graze on invertebrates . peaceful except with its own kind , it needs tankmates that will not harass it . a fowlr setup is perfect .
not reported in the aquarium . it has a rather prolonged planktonic larval phase .
typical tall , laterally compressed butterflyfish body , plus a long , pointed snout . top half of head black , with bottom and snout white ; rest of body and fins bright yellow , a dark spot on the anal fin .
when the fish can find its natural food in the aquarium it requires less frequent feeding .
it can therefore be problematic to provide it with a sufficient and varied diet , in an aquarium with other , faster feeding species .
this species thrives best when there is a sufficiently large amount of micro life ( copepods , amphipods or similar ) in the aquarium , so that the it can always find their own food .
this species can be distinguished from f . flavissimus by the all dark eye and the longer snout . it needs to be feed very small pieces of food .
the butterflyfish are known for their attractive patterns and colours . they are closely related to angelfishs , but can always be distinguished , as they lack the spines on each side of the head of the angelfish .
a smaller group of these fish will seek out primairily soft corals , like zoanthus . a larger part of the species will target different types of lps corals . butterflyfish are also known to seek out anemones , tubeworms and bristleworms .
therefore it is important to choose the correct species in relation to the corals wanted , if one desires to keep butterflyfish in a coral - aquarium . bristleworms , tubeworms and other small invertebrates are also a part of the diet for many butterflyfish .
it can be problematic , with many of these species , to get them eating in the beginning , but many of the species cannot resist live zooplankton or live mussels with crushed shells . another option is to mimic their natural behaviour by stuffing their food into coral skeletons or stones .
they ignore most other fish and are generally peaceful , therefore multiple butterflyfish will have no problem living together . one should however be cautious about keeping similar species together unless they are a couple .
as these fish can be difficult to acclimatize and get feeding , it is important to buy healthy fish , to avoid having to deal with more problems . make sure to check that they do not have parasites or any visible infections .
there are some species that should not be kept in an a aquarium , as they are food specialists and will almost always refuse to eat replacement foods . it can be possible to breed some species , which will eat frozen foods . otherwise the only way to keep food specialists is by feeding them their natural diet , which consists of live sps or lps corals for example .
scott w . michael . 2004 . angelfishes and butterflyfishes ( reef fishes series book 3 ) tfh publications / microcosm ltd . - ( english ) bob fenner . butterflyfishes ; separating the good ones and those you don ' t want - wet web media - ( english ) collection of links to additional information - wet web media - ( english ) tea yi kai . 2014 . reef nuggets 2 : aquatic lepidopterans for your reef ( revised edition ) - reef builders - ( english )
froese , r . and d . pauly . editors . 2014 . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . urltoken , version ( 08 / 2014 ) .
minimum volume
indicates the size of the tank needed to house this species under optimal conditions .
this is based on a medium size animal , which you want to keep for several years . it might be possible to keep smaller specimens for a limited period in a smaller tank . a larger tank might be needed for fully - grown specimens .
hardiness
indicates how resistant this species is to disease and how well i tolerates bad conditions in general . some species doesn ' t handle transportation very well , but that doesn ' t mean that the species isn ' t hardy under the right conditions .
in this case , a
normal
aquarium is a reef aquarium with mixed corals or a fish only aquarium with an approximately salinity of 1 . 026 ( sg ) and a temperature close to 26°c . species requiring more than a 4000 - liter tank are considered not suitable for home aquarium .
special aquariums may cover tanks with low salinity , sub - tropical temperature , deep sand bed , sea grass etc .
always reef safe : no sources indicate that this species will harm corals or other invertebrates .
often reef safe : only a few aquarists has reported problems keeping this species with corals and other invertebrates .
reef safe with caution : this species may be a threat to some types of invertebrates .
reef safe with luck : most specimens will harm corals and / or other invertebrates , but you might be lucky .
not reef safe : this species is a threat to most corals and / or other invertebrates .
please select from the available marine fish species below . you may also click here to browse the category .
please select from the available invertebrate species below . you may also click here to browse the category .
please select from the available coral species below . you may also click here to browse the category .
please select from the available aquarium supplies below . you may also click here to browse the category .
with 79 or more in marine life . use coupon code : freeshipping more details
all images , pictures and descriptions are generalizations and cannot be exact representations . copyright 2018 saltwaterfish . com . all rights reserved .
receive free shipping on qualifying order when you sign up to receive our email . open your email for complete details .
appearances of fishes can indeed be deceiving . to take one look at the longnose butterflyfishes , you ' d expect them to be in the same hardiness category as the pinnatus batfish . such is definitely not the case . if you are careful to select an individual that has not been beaten up physically and / or emotionally through collection and transport , these yellow beauties do exceptionally well in marine systems .
the butterflyfishes , family chaetodontidae , should be familiar to aquarists . there are more than one hundred described species , with a few dozen offered to the hobbyist throughout the year . about half of these are outright unsuitable for aquaria , being finicky eaters , easily stressing to death , or overly susceptible to infection . such is not the case with our longnoses here .
bigger pix : the images in this table are linked to large ( desktop size ) copies . click on
framed
images to go to the larger size .
most offered are four to six inches in overall length , tail to rostrum . a truly gargantuan specimen will be about ten inches .
these fishes are readily available , and at moderate prices . though imported from the philippines and indonesian areas , my favorite specimens hail from elsewhere . if you can , pick up one from hawaii ( where its known as lau - wiliwili - nukunuku - oi - oi ) , or the christmas or marshall islands . good specimens are also collected from time to time from mexico ' s pacific coast on down .
can be done . the vast majority of specimens are captured by strategically placing a barrier / mist net ,
driving
an individual into same , and hand - netting it off . please be careful if you intend to grab one
on the fly
by spooking it out from hiding . gashed and mouth - torn butterflies rarely survive long in captivity .
long noses , like most butterflyfishes , inhabit broken reef areas where food and hiding space is plentiful , and circulation brisk . your success with them will be commensurate with providing similar conditions in captivity .
favored parameters are a ph of 8 . 0 to 8 . 4 , temperatures in the high seventies , low eighties , and an artificially low specific gravity of 1 . 020 . the latter to allow higher gas diffusion , concentration , and aid in reducing parasite loads . keep the ph high and make frequent partial water changes .
it should be mentioned that these fishes display some unusual behavior . don ' t be unduly surprised should you catch yours swimming or hanging upside down ; or that it might
spit
water in your direction at the surface . also , let me mention their blanched whitish appearance on being exposed to light from dark conditions ; like sleep or removal from a shipping box . a loss of yellow during the day is a fast sign that you need to be looking for a cause ; probably fright from bullying , or diminished water quality .
one last color note ( i promise ) ; check out the disruptive black bar over the fish ' s eyes and prominent ' eye - spot ' at the tail for prospecting predators to bite at . okay , i feel better .
longnoses are stout fishes but do require clean , well - filtered water . circulation cannot be too strong to suit them either ; keep the water moving .
giving these marine organisms open areas and rocks , coral where they can seek refuge in a hex or show type aquarium , results in better adjusted , longer lived specimens . the system should be no smaller than forty gallons , ideally with twenty or more gallons set aside per butterfly .
can be problematical . these fishes are best kept one to a system . the best wholesalers keep their specimens in separate cubicles . overcrowding is stressful , but does temporarily cut down on squabbling .
simple enough . one suggestion : put your longnose in as one of the first fishes , maybe right after the damsels . they need to feel at home so as to get their share of offered foods .
outside of quarreling with other longnoses , these fishes are peaceable . be wary of placing them with larger predatory fishes however . i have seen them used as bait by island fisher folk , and can recount more than one tearful aquarium gulp - loss .
the butterflyfishes are broadcast spawners , with young passing through an extended planktonic stage as peculiar tholichthys larvae . as yet , they have not been spawned , reared in aquaria .
despite their looks , these b / f ' s accept all types of foods , frozen , fresh and prepared , with gusto . you ' d think that their long
beaks
and priser - like teeth would be only suited for snipping out invertebrates from tiny crevices , but these fishes will try almost any size and shape of foods offered . it ' s best to defrost frozen items .
please do include some meaty foods daily ; bloodworms , shrimps , clams . these fishes are active , seeking food all day on the reef and in aquaria , and do well only when offered sufficient nutrition . be wary of relying solely on one type of dry or frozen prepared food type .
these fishes tend to be very infectious - and environmental disease resistant . they are more susceptible than
average
to marine
ich
( cryptocaryoniasis ) ; this is easily cured with copper remedies and specific gravity manipulation ( lowering ) .
two other all - too - often fatal complaints are so - called secondary bacterial infections most - often resultant from bad handling . the genus vibrio is often cited as implicated , following a mouth , body
incident
due to user - failure . after a reddish area forms at the mouth , fin - ray base or body flank , there is almost no chance of recovery .
i ' d really like to do my bit here for vastly reducing these losses ; they result from beatings in the wild , the tank , shipping bags , and in - between .
, don ' t wallop the fish ; it ' s that simple . if / when you use a mesh - type net ( some collectors use clear - bottom varieties ) , make sure it is one composed of
material . longnoses have a real problem with getting their snouts and fin rays , principally the hard dorsal , anal and pelvics , snagged in coarse netting ; resulting in tearing and infection . real professional fish handlers gently cradle the fish in fine nets with their hand behind , when lifting from and to water to diminish thrashing .
similarly , providing the right size , shape , orientation with an adequate amount of water in a shipping bag is important . allow me to elucidate . the worst , though typical arrangement is to plop a specimen into a bag just large enough to accommodate the animal head to tail . no wonder it ends up with a broken , fungused snout , torn fins , and you with a punctured bag . what to do : grant the organism enough bag space to turn around , and either double - bag and ship in the dark , or provide a dark ' spacer ' ( even newspaper works ) between bag layers . wholesalers and transhippers who can scarce afford the space and weight that retailers and hobbyists can would do well to ship these fishes
. yes , i ' m very serious . by placing the same ( albeit too small ) size bag on it ' s side , the butterfly will lay down , struggle far less ; and therefore use less oxygen , produce less wastes , pierced bags . . . you know , less mortality . this is not pie - in - the - sky theory . i ' ve done it ; try it , it works .
there is a reason why these butterflies are ever - popular . they ' re gorgeous and they live in captivity . don ' t let their frilly looks throw you . learn what a good specimen looks like and you will be successful with these species . if ever there was a
first - timers
butterflyfish , these would be them .
allen , g . r . 1979 . butterfly and angelfishes of the world . vol . 2 . john wiley & sons , n . y .
allen , g . r . & roger steene . 1979 . the fishes of christmas island . indian ocean spec . publ . aust . nat . parks wildlife . canberra .
burgess , w . e . 1978 . butterflyfishes of the world . t . f . h . publications . neptune , n . j .
campbell , douglas . 1980 . marines : their care and keeping , butterflyfishes : part two . fama 11 / 80 .
hunziker , ray . 1992 . the ten best butterflies . tfh 2 / 92 .
kerstitch , alex . 1977 . butterflies and angels of the sea of cortez . marine aquarist 7 : 9 , 1977 .
miklosz , john c . 1976 . hawaiian butterflies . marine aquarist 7 : 2 , 1976 .
refano , joseph . 1985 . butterflies from hawaii . fama 7 / 85 .
teh , anthony t . f . 1974 . king neptune ' s daughter ( about chelmon rostratus . tfh 8 / 74 .
. this genus boasts some of the most iconic members of the family , easily identified in the field by even the most amateur of divers . my mother , for one , surprised me one day by identifying it correctly in a travel brochure ( the fish was featured in a dive resort advertisement ) . considering that she knows as much about marine fish as i do folk dancing , it comes as no surprise then , that
has managed to attain more or less a symbolic status even amongst the general public .
the genus comprises three species , of which , two are remarkable for their dichotomizing and polarizing biogeography .
is the most widespread butterflyfish , not only in its genus , but in the entire family . conversely ,
is localized to the reefs of cenderawasih bay and regional west papuaa – a tiny locale in the indonesian archipelago . the nearly circumtropical distribution of
is extremely remarkable , where it can be found from the east african coast all the way to baja california in north america . aside from crossing into the eastern pacific , it has also managed to colonize norfolk island in new zealand .
is absent in the atlantic , due to its inability to cross the cape of good hope in south africa . the strong , cold currents present here separates the indian ocean from the eastern atlantic and prevents species such as
from attaining a fully circumtropical distribution ( although there is no doubt that it will proliferate in the atlantic given a chance – alien introduction ) .
’s success is its long larval phase , allowing them to drift significant distances to colonize new ground .
is reported to settle out of its larval phase at 7 centimeters , after which it quickly adopts the usual yellow coloration and begin its life as a juvenile . this is comparatively similar to moorish idols of the monotypic genus
’ biogeography , you’d notice that it too , attains a nearly circumtropical distribution . if you ever wondered why you’ve never seen a “baby”
is easily diagnosed . all species are yellow in their ground coloration , delimited from their transverse , bicolored heads . their snouts are perhaps the most diagnostic , being extremely long and needle - like . these are used to poke deep into cracks or holes where they forage for worms and other invertebrates . indeed , with this remarkable mouth ,


the rusty-fronted barwing ( actinodura egertoni ) is a species of bird in the laughingthrush family , leiothrichidae .

it is found in southeast asia from the himalayas to north-eastern myanmar .

its natural habitats are temperate forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .

rusty - fronted barwing

collar , n . & robson , c . ( 2018 ) . rusty - fronted barwing ( actinodura egertoni ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
21·5–23·5 cm ; 31–42 g . long - tailed , unstreaked barwing with brownish - grey head and crest and chestnut forehead , face and chin . nominate race has . . .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as rare and local in central nepal , frequent in bhutan and locally fairly common in india ( del hoyo et al . 2007 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction and fragmentation .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
gould , 1836 – c nepal e to bhutan and ne india ( ec arunachal pradesh ) .
godwin - austen , 1876 – meghalaya , s assam ( n cachar ) , nagaland and manipur , in ne india .
ogilvie - grant & la touche , 1907 – mizoram ( ne india ) , and ne & sw myanmar and s china ( w & nw yunnan ) .
song of nominate race described as a rapid , sweet , clear sequence of short piping , crystal - clear . . .
dense undergrowth , scrub - jungle , forest edge , shrubbery and scrub in warm broadleaf evergreen . . .
apr–jul . nest described as a largish , rather deep cup , made of fern , bamboo or other dead leaves , grasses , fibrous roots and green . . .
resident . movements to lower elevations during harsh winter weather reported , but none clearly . . .
not globally threatened . in c nepal rare and local , becoming slowly commoner to e of range in himalayas . frequent in bhutan but less common in w ; near zhemgang , density of 1 . . .
only subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !
only members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !
get access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 € ( instead of 59 . 90 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 € ( instead of 89 . 85 € )
supporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .
view more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 € ( instead of 89 . 9 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 € ( instead of 134 . 85 € )
there is a registration fee of 20€ . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won’t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .
if you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .
this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
bird seen well on edge of bush by track , calling not long after dawn .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : actinodura egertoni . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .
avibase has been visited 263 , 294 , 765 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
note : the language you choose must correspond to the language of the term you have entered . for example , if you enter a french term , choose an option under “french . ”
in english scientific usage , all elements of names of bird species require capital letters except for hyphenated adjectives where the second word is not capitalized , for example , black - crowned night heron .
actinodure d ' egerton : nom français uniformisé par la commission internationale des noms français des oiseaux .
en français , les noms des espèces d ' oiseaux acquièrent une valeur de nom propre ; tous les substantifs génériques de même que tous les qualificatifs spécifiques qui précèdent le substantif générique doivent prendre la majuscule , par exemple : pétrel minime , petit butor .
access a collection of canadian resources on all aspects of english and french , including quizzes .
a collection of writing tools that cover the many facets of english and french grammar , style and usage .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !


ceropales is a genus of kleptoparasitic spider wasps from the sub-family ceropalinae of the family pompilidae .

they are characterised by the taking of the spider prey of other solitary wasps , mainly pompiliddae but members of the sphecidae are also kleptoparasitised .

in some languages their name translates into english as cuckoo spider wasp .

ceropales

valter jacinto marked
vespa / / wasp ( ceropales albicincta )
as trusted on the
ceropales albicincta
page .
valter jacinto marked
vespa / / wasp ( ceropales sp . )
as trusted on the
ceropales
page .
ceropales subhelvetica móczar , 1988 ( burkina faso , senegal . also palaearctic : israel )
ceropales yemeni móczar , 1988 ( yemen . also palaearctic : israel , saudi arabia )
móczar , l . 1989 . revision of the helvetica group of the genus ceropales . beitr . ent . 39 : 9 - 61 .
nothing has been recorded of its life history . other ceropales species are well known for the cleptoparasitic habit of intercepting female pompilids of other genera whilst dragging paralysed spiders to their nests . the ceropales drives off the other pompilid so that she can insert an egg into the lung book of the prey . the ceropales then takes no further interest in the prey , though the original captor of the spider must return and finish provisioning her own nest cell . the ceropales larva hatches first and destroys the egg of the host pompilid prior to feeding on the spider .
ceropales maroccana beaumont , 1947 ( burkina faso , democratic republic of congo , gambia , ghana , ivory coast , nigeria , senegal , zimbabwe . also palaearctic region )
móczar , l . 1978 . new species and some remarks on the genus ceropales latreille ( hymenoptera : ceropalidae ) . acta biologica szeged . 24 : 115 - 137 .
móczar , l . 1990 . revision of the subgenus bifidoceropales priesner of the genus ceropales latreille ( hymenoptera : ceropalidae ) . acta zoologica hungarica 36 : 59 - 85 .
móczar , l . 1987 . revision of the maculata and albicincta groups of the genus ceropales latreille ( hymenoptera : ceropalidae ) . acta zoologica hungarica 33 : 121 - 156 .
godsoe , w . 2003 . evidence for the extirpation of ceropales bipunctata say ( hymenoptera : pompilidae ) in ontario . journal of the entomological society of ontario 134 : 35 - 40 .
wahis , r . 1988 . hyménoptčres pompilides de madagascar . . genres ceropales latreille et irenangelus schulz . hymenoptera : pompilidae ) . . revue de zoologie africaine , : 102 : 213 - 221 .
móczar , l . 1986a . revision of the fulvipes - , ruficornis - and variegata - groups of the genus ceropales latreille ( hym . , ceropalidae ) . acta biol . szeged 32 : 121 - 136 .
fox , w . j . 1892 . the north american species of ceropales , with a catalogue of the described species of the world . transactions of the american entomological society ( 1890 - ) 19 : 49 - 63 .
wahis , r . 1984 . contribution ŕ la connaissance des ceropales de l’afrique tropicale . ( hymenoptera : pompilidae , ceropalinae ) description d’une espčce nouvelle du zaďre . revue de zoologie africaine , 98 , 3 : 560 - 562 .
ceropales cribrata a . costa , 1881 ( angola , burkina faso , democratic republic of congo , ivory coast , lesotho , namibia , nigeria , russia , south africa , senegal , tanzania , togo , zambia , zimbabwe . also palaearctic region )
the distribution of ceropales maculata seems to have a south - western bias with former strongholds in cornwall , devon and dorset , although there are no records for the east devon heaths ( perhaps due to a low level of recording ) . outside this area it is found along the west coast with scattered records inland . recent scottish records are from the shores of the firth of clyde and the moray firth ; the speyside records are all pre - 1951 . in ireland the species is widespread , with a largely coastal distribution . ceropales maculata appears to have undergone a dramatic decline during the second half of this century in many areas , although the welsh populations still seem to be strong .
on unknown umbel on ocean sand dune . this species is common on these umbels beginning in late july but this is the only location where i ' ve seen it . all individuals ( i ' ve now seen dozens ) are black - and - white like this one ; otherwise appear similar to the many black - and - yellow ceropales maculata posted here at bugguide .
s of other pompilidae and to a lesser extent sphecidae , stealing their spider prey .
arnold , g . 1937 . the psammocharidae of the ethiopian region . part vii . annals of the transvaal museum 19 : 1 - 98 .
arnold , g . 1955 . new species of african hymenoptera no . 11 . occasional papers of the national museum of southern rhodesia no . 20 : 733 - 762 .
arnold , g . 1959 . new species of african hymenoptera no . 14 . occasional papers of the national museum of southern rhodesia no . 23b : 316 - 339 .
móczar , l . 1986b . revision of the genus hemiceropales priesner , 1969 ( hymenoptera : ceropalidae ) . acta zoologica hungarica 32 : 317 - 342 .
móczar , l . 1988 . revision on the subgenus priesnerius móczar ( hymenoptera , ceropalidae ) . linzer biol . beitr . 20 : 119 - 160 .
. contribution ŕ la connaissance des hyménoptčres pompilides de la turquie ( hymenoptera : pompilidae ) .
wahis , r . 1999 . révision des espčces afrotropicales et orientale du genre pygmachus haupt 1930 ( hymenoptera : pompilidae , pompilinae ) . notes fauniques de gembloux , n° 37 : 81 - 94 .
wahis , r . 2000 . révision des espčces afrotropicales , indo - orientales et australiennes du genre java pate 1946 ( hymenoptera : pompilidae , pepsinae ) . notes fauniques de gembloux , n° 38 : 43 - 76 . .
wahis , r . 2000 . hyménoptčres pompilides de madagascar . 2 . genres aporinellus banks , ferreola lepeletier et homonotus dahlbom ( hymenoptera : pompilidae ) . notes fauniques de gembloux , n° 39 : 45 - 77 .
wahis , r . 2000 . sur quelques pompilides afrotropicaux . décrits par g . gribodo en 1894 . notes fauniques de gembloux , n° 40 : 77 - 81 .
wahis , r . 2003 . sur un genre peu connu de pompilides afrotropicaux kyphopompilus arnold , 1959 ( hymenoptera : pompilidae , pompilinae ) . notes fauniques de gembloux , n° 49 : 103 - 114 .
. mise ŕ jour du catalogue systématique des hyménoptčres pompilides de la région ouesteuropéenne . additions et corrections .
et australiennes du genre java pate 1946 ( hymenoptera : pompilidae , pepsinae ) .
wasbauer , m . s . 1995 . pompilidae . in : p . e . hanson & i . d . gauld ( eds ) the hymenoptera of costa rica ( pp . 522–539 ) . oxford : oxford university press .
citation : van noort , s . 2018 . waspweb : hymenoptera of the afrotropical region . url : urltoken ( accessed on < day / month / year > ) .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
select your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
it is widely distributed across the palaearctic from europe and north africa eastwards to japan .
this species is not listed in either shirt ( 1987 ) or falk ( 1991 ) : however , work for this atlas suggests that its status should be reviewed .
day ( 1988 ) is the standard work for identifying british pompilidae . wiśniowski ( 2009 ) is also useful .
a rare heathland species with records confined to dorset , hampshire and surrey . the most recent capture was at parley , dorset , in 1953 , and it does not appear to have been taken in the new forest since 1911 or in surrey since 1902 .
listed as endangered ( rdb1 ) in shirt ( 1987 ) and falk ( 1991 ) .
day , 1988 is the standard work for identifying british pompilidae . wiśniowski , b . , 2009 is also useful .
adults of c . variegata have been found in july and august . british observers report a male and female flying around a small pine heavily infested with aphids ( hamm , 1909 ) ; six males and a female sheltering beneath a pine tree with various other aculeates on a very hot day ( nevinson , 1911 ) ; and a probable male flying over a patch of heather ( mortimer , 1897 ) .
doctype html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
a review of the scarce and threatened bees , wasps and ants of great britain . , version 2
taxa in danger of extinction and whose survival is unlikely if the causal factors continue operating . . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , so no longer in use .
we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c25e1 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c277b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322d9966 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32348aaa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3239fe53 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 33e26e78 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
kroupa a . s . , lohrmann v . , pulawski w . j . & schmid - egger c . ( 2018 ) . hymis : hymenoptera information system ( version jul 2017 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 70ada480 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
. if you continue to use the site we will assume that you agree with this .
townes , h . k . 1957 . nearctic wasps of the subfamilies pepsinae and ceropalinae . bulletin of the united states national museum 209 : 1 - 286 .
evidence suggests that the ceropalinae is much more restricted than defined by townes ( 1957 ) ( pitts et al . 2006 ) .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
pitts , j . p . , m . s . wasbauer , and c . d . von dohlen . 2006 . preliminary morphological analysis of relationships between the spider wasp subfamilies ( hymenoptera : pompilidae ) : revisiting an old problem . zoologica scripta 35 ( 1 ) : 63 - 84 .
the small print : trademark , copyright , citation guidelines , restrictions on use , and information disclaimer .
note : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on
trademark notice :
natureserve
, natureserve explorer , the natureserve logo , and all other names of natureserve programs referenced herein are trademarks of natureserve . any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners .
copyright notice : copyright © 2017 natureserve , 4600 n . fairfax dr . , 7th floor , arlington virginia 22203 , u . s . a . all rights reserved . each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document . the following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site .
natureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :
ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .
data developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .
no graphics available from this server can be used , copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text . any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by natureserve . nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication , estoppel , or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of natureserve . no trademark owned by natureserve may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from natureserve . except as expressly provided above , nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any natureserve copyright .
) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .


it was described by felder in 1874 .

it is found in japan .

the wingspan is 45-59 mm .

the larvae feed on a wide range of plants , including lonicera japonica .

apha aequalis

have a fact about apha aequalis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for apha aequalis ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
apha aequalis is a moth in the eupterotidae family . it was described by felder in 1874 . it is found in japan .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
help pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .
you are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .
< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the ‘basket’ to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =
/ help / sequence - searches
> more . . < / a > < / p >
we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .
sign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .
have a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .
simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en
( a question mark next to a word above means that we couldn ' t find it , but clicking the word might provide spelling suggestions . )
not helpful ? you might try using the wildcards * and ? to find the word you ' re looking for . for example , use
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
glycogen synthase ( gsy - 1 ; cegs ; cele _ y46g5a . 31 )


the wingspan is 17 – 23 mm for males and 17 – 20 mm for females .

there are three distinct black spots .

the hindwings are grey .

the larva is long and tube-like and dark green to almost black in the final instar .

the head is red .

acompsia antirrhinella

acompsia antirrhinella is a moth of the gelechiidae family . it is found in southern france , andorra and spain .
acompsia ( acompsia ) antirrhinella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 119 , 110 ; [ fe ]
gelechia antirrhinella millière , 1866 ; icon . desc . chenilles lepid . 2 : 274 , 280 , pl . 80 , f . 6 - 8
acompsia ( acompsia ) ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 114 , 110
acompsia ( acompsia ) cinerella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 114 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) maculosella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 120 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) dimorpha ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 120 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) subpunctella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 121 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) delmastroella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 122 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) muellerrutzi ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 123 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) minorella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 125 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) tripunctella ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 125 , 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( acompsia ) caucasella huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 124 , 110 ; tl : caucasus psysh river
acompsia ( acompsia ) schepleri huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 129 , 110 ; tl : turkey , erzincan kizildag gecidi , 2100m
acompsia ( acompsia ) fibigeri huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 130 , 110 ; tl : turkey , gümüshane , kop pass , 2400m
acompsia ( acompsia ) bidzilyai huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 130 , 110 ; tl : zabajkale sochodnskij zapovednik r . agucakan , 1000m
acompsia ( acompsia ) pyrenaella huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 117 , 110 ; tl : gallia pyren . val . d ' ossoue , 1500m
acompsia ( acompsia ) ponomarenkoae huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 128 , 110 ; tl : greece , ipiros , katara pass , 1500 - 1700m
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
tädykeviiksikoi
to
acompsia subpunctella svensson , 1966
.
acompsia dimorpha petry , 1904 ; dt . ent . z . iris 17 ( 1 ) : 4 ; tl : pyrenees
telephila ( acompsia ) ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 131 , 110
= acompsia ( telephila ) ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 111 , 110
acompsia muellerrutzi wehrli , 1925 ; dt . ent . z . iris 39 : 137 ; tl : corsica , monte d ' oro
acompsia ( telephila ) schmidtiellus ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 110 ; [ fe ]
acompsia ( dichomeridinae ) ; [ sangmi lee ] ; [ fe ] ; karsholt , mutanen , lee & kaila , 2013 , syst . ent . 38 : 343
acompsia subpunctella svensson , 1966 ; opusc . ent . 31 : 188 , f . 19 , pl . 2 , f . 3 ; tl : sweden , norbotten
acompsia ( telephila ) syriella huemer & karsholt , 2002 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 133 , 110 ; tl : syria , 25km w damascus
acompsia delmastroella huemer , 1998 ; linzer biol . beitr . 30 ( 2 ) : 516 , f . 1 - 3 , 10 - 11 ; tl : sw . alps , marmora , colle d ' esischie , 2300m
biostor is built by @ rdmpage , code on github . page images from the biodiversity heritage library .
enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .
we are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .
museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
2011 - 01 - 26 by & van nieukerken , dr erik j . karsholt , dr ole & by dr ole karsholt
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - share alike 3 . 0 license
pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
= ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 177 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 10 ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 111 , 110 ; [ sangmi lee ]
= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 114
= ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 114
larva on veronica chamaedrys huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 116
larva on asarina procumbens huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 119
gelechia maculosella stainton , 1851 ; suppl . cat . br . tineidae and pteroph . : 22
sweden , finland , estonia , nw . poland , kola peninsula , altai , transbaikalia . see [ maps ]
larva on veronica longifolia huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 122
alps ( alpes maritimes , alpi cozie , alpes - de - haute - provence ) . see [ maps ]
austria , czech republic , france , italy , slovenia , switzerland . see [ maps ]
brachycrossata minorella rebel , 1899 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien , 49 : 180
alps , apennines , carpathians , balkans , . . . , ? . see [ maps ]
tinea tripunctella denis & schiffermüller , 1775 ; ank . syst . schmett . wienergegend : 319
larva on plantago alpina huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 127
= ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 131
= ; [ nhm card ] ; huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 131
larva on origanum vulgare , mentha arvensis , mentha silvestris , m . rotundifolia , calamintha nepeta huemer & karsholt , 2002 , nota lepid . 25 ( 2 / 3 ) : 132
indicata ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( telephila ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 67
tenebrosella lucas , 1956 ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 255
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
westwood , 1840 an introduction to the modern classification of insects ; founded on natural habits and corresponding organization of the different families introd . class . ins . 2 : 1 - 352 ( 1839 ) , : 353 - 587 ( 1840 )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
the wingspan is 17–23 mm for males and 17–20 mm for females . the forewings are plain brown to greyish brown , mottled with black brown scales . there are three distinct black spots . the hindwings are grey . adults are on wing from late june to august .
the larvae feed on asarina procumbens under a silken spinning , which is attached to one or more leaves . the larva is long and tube - like and dark green to almost black in the final instar . the head is red . larvae can be found from march to the end of may . pupation takes place at the base of the host plant .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
website © jim wheeler 2016 - 2018 . nola - x database system © jim wheeler 2018 . - sponsored by urltoken & urltoken
[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
note : you should have a urltoken account to upload new topics and comments . please , create an account or log in to add comments
* our website is multilingual . some comments have been translated from other languages .
there are no photos of this species on the website yet . you can offer your photo by logging into your account
curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !