the wilson 's plover ( charadrius wilsonia ) is a small plover .

wilson 's plover is a coastal wader which breeds on both coasts of the americas from the equator northwards .

its range extends north to include much of the u.s. eastern seaboard , and the pacific coast of mexico on the west .

it is a partial migrant .

birds leave the united states , except florida , to winter south in brazil .

some mexican birds leave in winter for peru .

furthermore , a small resident population is known from brazil , it being named as a new subspecies , brasiliensis , in 2008 .

in 2012 it was established that this is a junior synonym , and the correct name for the subspecies is crassirostris .

this also means that one of the subspecies of the greater sand plover had to be renamed .

this strictly coastal plover nests on a bare scrape on sandy beaches or sandbars .

this is a small plover at 17 – 20 cm .

the adult 's upper parts are mainly dark grey , with a short white wing bar and white tail sides .

the underparts are white except for a breast band , and the legs are pink , brighter when breeding .

the dark bill is large and heavy for a plover of this size .

the call is a high weak whistle .

the breeding male has a black breast band , lores and forecrown , and a rufous mask .

females and non-breeding males have a similar plumage , but the black of the breeding male is replaced by brown or rufous .

non-breeders have a greyer tint to the head and breast band .

immature birds are similar to the female , but the breast band is often incomplete .

wilson 's plovers forage for food on beaches , usually by sight , moving slowly across the beach .

they have a liking for crabs , but will also eat insects and marine worms .

this bird was named after the scottish-american ornithologist alexander wilson by his friend george ord in 1814 .

wilson ' s plover

figure 1 . distribution of wilson ' s plover in north and central america and western caribbean .
most likely to be confused with the semipalmated plover . also generally similar to the piping plover and snowy plover .
bergstrom , p . w . 1986 . daylight incubation sex roles in wilson ' s plover . condor no . 88 : 113 - 115 . close
bergstrom , p . w . 1988a . breeding biology of wilson ' s plovers . wilson bull . no . 100 : 25 - 35 . close
the wilson ' s plover has a crisp , high - pitched kwit flight call . in flight display , they make a rattling series of notes .
wilson ' s plover is named for early ornithologist alexander wilson , who collected the type specimen in may 1813 at cape may , nj , where this species is ( and was ) only a rare visitor .
the oldest recorded wilson ' s plover was a male , and at least 6 years old when he was recaptured and rereleased during banding operations in south carolina .
bergstrom , p . w . 1981 . male incubation in wilson ' s plover ( charadrius wilsonia ) . auk no . 98 : 835 - 838 . close
bergstrom , p . w . 1988b . breeding displays and vocalizations of wilson ' s plovers . wilson bull . no . 100 : 36 - 49 . close
a medium - sized plover of ocean beaches , the wilson ' s plover has a single chest band and a large , thick bill . the large bill helps it catch and eat larger prey items than other plovers on the beach .
overall populations are not very large , and may be in decline in recent decades . however , the iucn lists the wilson ' s plover as a species of
least concern
.
zdravkovic , m . g . 2013 . conservation plan for the wilson’s plover ( charadrius wilsonia ) . version 1 . 0 . manomet center for conservation sciences , manomet , ma , usa . close
thibault , m . and r . mcneil . 1994 . daylight variation in habitat use by wilson ' s plovers in northeastern venezuela . wilson bull . no . 106 : 299 - 310 . close
within the u . s . , monitoring data indicate both a declining population and a contracting range for the wilson ' s plover . loss of beach habitat from urbanization and other human development is one of the primary threats to this species . disturbance to nesting areas from beach - recreation and management is also a significant cause of population decline . as a coastal - obligate shorebird , the wilson ' s plover is also particularly susceptible to rising sea levels .
bergstrom , p . w . 1982 . ecology of incubation in wilson ' s plover ( charadrius wilsonius ) . ph . d . thesis , university of chicago , chicago , il , usa . close
morrier , a . and r . mcneil . 1991 . time - activity budget of wilson ' s and semipalmated plovers in a tropical environment . wilson bull . no . 103 : 598 - 620 . close
thibault , m . and r . mcneil . 1995 . predator - prey relationship between wilson ' s plovers and fiddler crabs in northeastern venezuela . wilson bull . no . 107 : 73 - 80 . close
the wilson ' s plover is one of several similar plover species found in north america , but they are distinguished from the semipalmated plover , the piping plover , and the snowy plover by their relatively large size , their large thick bill ( they are sometimes referred to as the
thick - billed plover
) , and the complete thick dark band across their chest when in breeding plumage . they also have a more southerly distribution than the other similar plover species , as they are usually found only on the gulf coast and southern half of the atlantic coast . overall populations are relatively small , but they are not listed nationally as threatened or endangered . however , some individual states do list the birds as protected .
bergstrom , p . w . 1989 . incubation temperatures of wilson ' s plovers and killdeers . condor no . 91 : 634 - 641 . close
often confused with several of the small plover species that occur in florida . learn how to differentiate the plovers with guide produced for the annual snowy plover survey , go here .
the north american population of wilson ' s plover is on the 2014 state of the birds watch list , which lists bird species that are at risk of becoming threatened or endangered without conservation action . a 2012 assessment estimated a u . s . population of 8 , 600 bids , with an additional 6 , 000 individuals thought to breed in the caribbean and along the coast of eastern mexico . their range has been contracting southward over the last several decades . wilson ' s plover is listed as threatened or endangered in some states . back to top
the wilson ' s plover nests on sparsely to densely vegetated saline areas , including beaches above high tide , dune areas , and edges of lagoons . breeding pairs are territorial during the nesting season , and may engage in group defense of their nesting areas . during the nonbreeding season , individuals congregate for roosting and foraging in groups ranging from a few birds to several hundred , primarily with other species of small plovers . wilson ' s plover feeds primarily on crustaceans , particularly fiddler crabs ( uca spp . ) , but also feeds on insects , worms , and other invertebrates .
corbat , carol a . and peter w . bergstrom . 2000 . wilson ' s plover ( charadrius wilsonia ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .
wilson ' s plovers are generally not long - distance migrants , and they are considered permanent residents in much of their range . in the u . s . however , those on the central atlantic coast , and many of those on the gulf coast , move short distances southward for the winter .
the semipalmated plover gets its name from having partially webbed feet , a feature this small bird makes use of by occasionally swimming in the water . the golden - plovers undertake incredible migrations ; the pacific golden - plover to hawaii and other pacific islands from its alaskan breeding grounds , and the american golden - plover from the arctic tundra to the pampas of argentina .
u . s . shorebird conservation plan - species of high concern ; iucn - least concern .
wilson ' s plover : breeds in the u . s . along the atlantic coast from maryland to florida , and along the gulf coast from florida to south texas . spends winters along both coasts of florida and is uncommon along the coasts of louisiana and texas . most winter along the coasts of mexico and south to brazil . resident throughout central america and the caribbean to northern south america . preferred habitats include open sand or shell beaches and tidal mudflats .
the wilson ' s plover builds a simple scrape nest on the beach , lined with small amounts of pebbles , shells , or beach debris . the female usually lays 3 eggs , and both parents help to incubate them . after the eggs hatch , both parents help tend to the young , but the hatchlings leave the nest almost immediately , and they feed themselves .
wilson ' s plover is a medium - sized shorebird that is closely associated with coastal areas . it breeds along the atlantic coast from virginia south , throughout the gulf of mexico and caribbean , to northwestern brazil , and on the pacific coast from southern baja california south to northern peru . it has a single breast - band and is easily distinguished from similar plovers by its heavy black bill and larger size . also known as the thick - billed plover , this species was named for alexander wilson , who collected the type specimen in may 1813 at cape may , new jersey , where this species was ( and still is ) only a rare visitor .
tell congress and the department of the interior to uphold the country ' s most important bird protection law .
which all breed south of the u . s . current subspecies designations warrant further study and dna analysis .
the lapwing and plover family occurs throughout north america in non - forest habitats . the most common species , the killdeer , occupies almost any sort of bare or sparsely vegetated ground from extensive lawns to parking lots and baseball fields . the mountain plover of the short grass prairie also prefers little vegetation but is much more particular in habitat choice and much less common . other plover species occur in wet fields , beaches , mud flats , and salt pans .
order : charadriiformes , family : charadriidae wilson ' s plovers are found in north and south america , and three subspecies are recognized across their range . c . w . wilsoni is the subspecies found in florida and along other parts of the gulf and atlantic coasts .
several of our plovers are small birds with single dark neck rings . wilson ' s plover is slightly larger than the others , and has a more southerly distribution , living on beaches along the southern atlantic and gulf coasts . its oversized bill is not only its best field mark , but also a clue to its feeding behavior : some studies have shown that it tends to capture and eat slightly larger creatures than the other plovers on the beach .
medium - sized shorebird ( length 16 - 20cm ; wingspan 39 - 49cm ; mass 55 - 70g ) . slightly larger than a snowy plover and smaller than a killdeer .
wilson ' s plovers are sexually dimorphic ( males and females differ in appearance ) , mainly in breeding plumage . during nesting season , breast band , lores , and fore - crown of males is bold and black , while females retain the non - breeding look ( brown face - patttern and breast band ) .
there are eighteen species of lapwings and plovers in three genera in north america . members of this family include the well - known killdeer , the pale piping plover , and the golden - plovers .
the wilson ' s plover has a large range reaching up to about 850 , 000 square kilometers . this bird can be found primarily in north america , the caribbean , and parts of central and south america including canada , the united states and mexico , anguilla , antigua and barbuda , aruba , bahamas , barbados , belize , brazil , cayman islands , colombia , costa rica , cuba , dominica , dominican republic , ecuador , el salvador , french guiana , grenada , guadeloupe , guatemala , guyana , haiti , honduras , jamaica , martinique , montserrat , netherlands antilles , panama , peru , puerto rico , saint kitts and nevis , saint lucia , saint vincent and the grenadines , suriname , trinidad and tobago , turks and caicos islands , venezuela , virgin islands and a vagrant population in chile . this is a marine bird found in intertidal areas including sandy shorline and beaches as well as mud and salt flats . the global population of this species has not been quantified , and it is referred to as “uncommon” in portions of its range . wilson ' s plover is evaluated as least concern .
the piping plover is considered to be near threatened as its populations have declined in much of its range because of disturbance and development of the beaches , sandy shorelines , and sand bars this species requires .
with several species having black markings on the head and neck . exceptions are the handsome breeding plumages of the black - bellied plover and golden - plovers ( these show black on the underparts ) , and the eurasian dotterel with rufous
each map is a visual guide to where a particular bird species may find the climate conditions it needs to survive in the future . we call this the bird’s “climatic range . ”
) have provided important information on breeding biology . studies of feeding behavior , activity budget , and habitat use have been conducted in venezuela and the u . s . gulf coast (
lutmerding , j . a . and a . s . love . longevity records of north american birds . version 2015 . 2 . patuxent wildlife research center , bird banding laboratory 2015 .
in u . s . , breeds along the atlantic coast , gulf coast , and the southern part of pacific coast . also a permanent resident of marine coastlines throughout the caribbean and central and south america .
medium - sized ringed plover of coastal habitats . in all plumages , the bill is black , large , and heavy ; upperparts are generally grayish to grayish brown ; underparts white , with black to brownish breast band and legs and feet pinkish gray . image taken in north florida by conservian / m . zdravkovic .
in the broadest and most detailed study of its kind , audubon scientists have used hundreds of thousands of citizen - science observations and sophisticated climate models to predict how birds in the u . s . and canada will react to climate change .
major threats to the species in florida ( and u . s . ) is destruction of breeding habitat by development of beachfront areas , and disturbance of nesting and roosting sites from various forms of beach recreation - beachgoers , pets , and vehicles .
the first frame of the animation shows where the bird can find a suitable climate today ( based on data from 2000 ) . the next three frames predict where this bird’s suitable climate may shift in the future—one frame each for 2020 , 2050 , and 2080 .
andres , b . a . , p . a . smith , r . i . g . morrison , c . l . gratto - trevor , s . c . brown and c . a . friis . 2012a . population estimates of north american shorebirds , 2012 . wader study group bulletin no . 119 ( 3 ) : 178 - 194 .
the introduction article is just the first of 11 articles in each species account that provide life history information for the species . the remaining articles provide detailed information regarding distribution , migration , habitat , diet , sounds , behavior , breeding , current population status and conservation . each species account also includes a multimedia section that displays the latest photos , audio selections and videos from macaulay library’s extensive galleries . written and continually updated by acknowledged experts on each species , birds of north america accounts include a comprehensive bibliography of published research on the species .
anguilla ; antigua and barbuda ; aruba ; bahamas ; barbados ; belize ; brazil ; canada ; cayman islands ; colombia ; costa rica ; cuba ; dominica ; dominican republic ; ecuador ; el salvador ; french guiana ; grenada ; guatemala ; guyana ; haiti ; honduras ; jamaica ; martinique ; mexico ; montserrat ; panama ; peru ; puerto rico ; saint barthélemy ; saint kitts and nevis ; saint lucia ; saint martin ( french part ) ; saint vincent and the grenadines ; sint maarten ( dutch part ) ; suriname ; trinidad and tobago ; turks and caicos islands ; united states ; venezuela , bolivarian republic of ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size may be small , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
north american bird conservation initiative . 2014 . the state of the birds 2014 report . us department of interior , washington , dc , usa .
sibley , d . a . ( 2014 ) . the sibley guide to birds , second edition . alfred a . knopf , new york , usa .
open beaches , tidal flats , sandy islands . found only in coastal regions , typically in very open areas such as white sand or shell beaches , estuaries , tidal mudflats . may favor islands , such as offshore barrier beaches , dredge spoil islands .
typically they run a few steps and then pause , then run again , pecking at the ground whenever they spot something edible .
3 , sometimes 2 , rarely 4 . buff , blotched with brown and black . incubation is by both parents , 23 - 25 days . male usually incubates at night , female most of the day . young : downy young leave nest soon after hatching . both parents tend young , but young feed themselves . age at first flight roughly 21 days .
downy young leave nest soon after hatching . both parents tend young , but young feed themselves . age at first flight roughly 21 days .
many crustaceans , also worms , insects . crustaceans in diet include many crabs , such as fiddler crabs and others , also crayfish , shrimp . also eats small mollusks , marine worms , many insects and their larvae .
nests as isolated pairs or in loose colonies . in courtship , male goes through ritualized nest - scrape making ; male postures near female with wings drooped , tail held low and spread , pattering with feet . nest site is on dry part of beach , often near piece of driftwood , clump of grass , or other conspicuous object . nest is simple scrape in sand or shell of beach , usually with sparse lining of pebbles , pieces of shell , grass , debris . male makes several scrapes , female chooses one .
only a short - distance migrant , with northernmost breeders ( and those on parts of gulf coast ) withdrawing in winter . rarely wanders north along coast ( including from western mexico into california ) , and very rarely wanders inland .
audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .
the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season .
the darker the shaded area , the more likely it is the bird species will find suitable climate conditions to survive there .
the outline of the approximate current range for each season remains fixed in each frame , allowing you to compare how the range will expand , contract , or shift in the future .
you can play or pause the animation with the orange button in the lower left , or select an individual frame to study by clicking on its year .
the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season . more on reading these maps .
funds from the deepwater horizon oil spill are flowing into the state , financing unprecedented restoration work along its beleaguered coast—just in the nick of time .
without coastal restoration that makes beaches less vulnerable to storm surges , climate change will be a threat , and not just from sea level rise .
killde _ 3 . dee % 2cdee - duh - duhampflight _ ndle _ 1 . mp3
killde _ 5 . deet - deet - deet _ utkc _ 1 . mp3
tell congress to oppose a harmful rider that threatens sage - grouse and other wildlife .
this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size may be small , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : charadrius wilsonia . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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juveniles are difficult to distinguish from adults in non - breeding plumage . close inspection of median coverts ( see below for first winter ) is necessary - juvenile coverts are pale and neatly fringed .
strictly coastal , north and south america . see range map for north america or western hemisphere .
largely resident though birds in the northern portion of range ( atlantic and gulf coast ) shift south in the winter .
peninsular florida , caribbean , baja , and coasts of central and n . south america .
birds breed from april to july all along the gulf and atlantic coasts . in winter , birds found more along the coasts of penisular florida - may include migrants from further north .
efforts need to focus on protecting nesting , foraging , and roosting habitat . in some cases , predator control is needed . nesting areas are best protected by excluding humans .
margo g . zdravkovic , carol a . corbat , and peter w . bergstrom
a subscription is needed to access the remaining account articles and multimedia content . rates start at $ 5 usd for 30 days of complete access .
definitive alternate males have well - marked head plumage including breast band that is broad , complete , and black or mostly black . image taken in the northern bahamas by conservian / m . zdravkovic .
corbat , c . a . 1990 . nesting ecology of selected beach - nesting birds in georgia . phd thesis , univ . of georgia , athens . close
) . little is known about the migration routes , life span , or lifetime reproductive success of the species . there are no population data for subspecies
zdravkovic , m . g . , c . a . corbat , and p . w . bergstrom ( 2018 ) .
) , version 1 . 1 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
vocalizations from a male in response to playback . it was among a group of other waders , and another male and female were nearby . i was watching naked - eye , and could not tell what behavior was associated with the chatter .
mangroves . reference : b 238 - 242 ( chawily2 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
2 birds near nest . bare earth bank dividing shrimp ponds . reference : b 30 - 47 , 55 - 58 ( chawily1 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 172 side b track 34 seq . a )
calls from a single individual on the ground as i walked towards it ; the last couple of calls on the cut ( including the ' tweet ' call ) given as it took off .
calls in alarm to my approach from a male running on the wet sand of beach . the chatter at the very end was from the same bird ( but i wasn ' t watching what it was doing as it gave it ) .
response to playback from a male ( same bird as in xc237771 ) on mud flat with grass near beach .
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 74 side a track 46 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 74 side a track 47 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 172 side b track 33 seq . a )
single bird in sandy soil and grasses near the road . sang like this 1 : 06 several times but i only captured it once .
calls from a pair with recently fledged young . female in the foreground , male in the background .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
id keys : white underparts , throat , and neck band , brownish upperparts , brownish head with white stripe on brow . breeding birds have thick black band across chest , dark forehead .
feeds on many small marine creatures such as small crustaceans , mollusks , marine worms , and insects .
forages by running short distances along the shoreline , stopping briefly to look for food items , and then quickly making another short move .
photo taken by shanthanu bhardwaj - december 23rd , 2009 - marco island , florida - photo licensed under creative commons attribution sharealike 2 . 0 generic license .
band . head has white forehead patch edged in black and white eyebrows joining above bill . wings are dark with white stripes visible in flight . white tail with faint brown central strip and dark tip .
no known trends in populations . listed as threatened or endangered in some states .
they will resort to feigning injury , such as a broken wing , to distract potential predators .
a group of plovers has many collective nouns , including a
brace
,
congregation
,
deceit
,
ponderance
and
wing
of plovers .
the taxonomic order charadriiformes ( pronounced kah - rah - dree - ih - for - meez ) is composed of waterbirds such as the auks , gulls , long - toed jacanas , and the plovers .
in the lapwings and plovers family , charadriidae ( pronounced kar - ad - rye - uh - dee ) , there are sixty - seven species in ten genera distributed nearly worldwide .
the killdeer is known for its distraction displays around its nest . adult killdeers noisily feign a broken wing to attract the attention of anyone or anything that comes too close to their nests .
plovers are small birds with rounded , pigeon - like heads , long , pointed wings for fast flight , and except for the long - tailed killdeer , short tails . they have fairly long legs with short toes and rather short bills .
dull colors such as brown , gray , black , and white are the most frequent colors seen in lapwings and plovers plumages . dark colors are usually found on the
plovers are mostly long distance migrants that winter from the southern united states to argentina in south america .
lapwings and plovers form pairs during the breeding season , but occur in flocks during migration and winter . at all times of the year , members of this family have a distinctive mode of foraging whereby they take a few quick steps , then pause to stoop and pick an insect from the ground .
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the solomons white-eye or new georgia white-eye ( zosterops kulambangrae ) is a species of bird in the zosteropidae family .

it is endemic to the new georgia islands in the solomon islands .

it is also known as zosterops rendovae but this name properly refers to the grey-throated white-eye .

the species is widespread in the new georgia group , occurring on kolombangara , vonavona , kohinggo , new georgia , vangunu and nggatokae .

it regularly visits small islets it is 12 cm long and mainly green above and olive-yellow below .

it has a narrow white ring around the eye , blackish forehead and lores , a black bill and yellowish legs .

solomons white - eye

solomons white - eye ( zosterops kulambangrae ) is a species of bird in the zosteropidae family .
van balen , b . ( 2018 ) . solomons white - eye ( zosterops kulambangrae ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
11·5–12 cm . nominate race has fairly narrow white eyering interrupted at front by black spot ; feathers behind nostrils , broad loral area and stripe under and . . .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the population size of this species has not been quantified , but it is described as locally common to abundant . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction and fragmentation .
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species and rendova race have often erroneously been listed under name rendovae , but see z . rendovae . geographical variation rather well marked , including vocal and genetic differentiation ; races possibly better treated as three separate species , or as two species— kulambangrae and paradoxus plus tetiparus # r . three subspecies recognized .
– new georgia group ( kolombangara , vonavona , kohinggo , new georgia , vangunu and nggatokae ) , in wc solomon is .
typical “telegraph” song of genus , various loud notes in slow fairly more or less . . .
found in all habitats , and equally abundant in virgin jungle and ( taller ) secondary growth , from . . .
no details of diet . occurs in flocks , often associated in loosely organized parties of solomon flycatchers (
not globally threatened . restricted - range species : present in solomon group eba . locally common to abundant . very common in area of munda , on new georgia i .
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genetic studies # r # r # r # r # r have led to considerable upheaval , involving internal rearrangement ( including merging of speirops and woodfordia into zosterops , and of lophozosterops and oculocincta into heleia ) ; addition of yuhina , zosterornis , sterrhoptilus and dasycrotapha from timaliidae ; and removal of previously included madanga ( to motacillidae ) and hypocryptadius ( to passeridae ) . however , dna of several relevant taxa remains unscreened so further revision is likely , for example of relationship between present family and now much - reduced timaliidae # r # r .
internal structure much clarified by recent genetic studies # r # r , which also show that speirops and woodfordia do not represent monophyletic assemblages and are best subsumed within present genus ; one species previously included herein ( wallacei ) is better transferred to heleia .
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although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : zosterops kulambangrae . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .


bulimulus olla is a species of tropical air-breathing land snail , a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the subfamily bulimulinae .

this species is endemic to ecuador .

its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

bulimulus olla

information on bulimulus olla is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
it is known from two subpopulations and has a total range of less than 5 km² . each subpopulation has less than 200 individuals .
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the checklists are descriptive documents of the species that are part of a concrete taxonomic group or a group of species that are part of an specific analysis .
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a complete set of a checklist include a pdf document and a table in csv format .
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the “charles darwin foundation for the galapagos islands” , in french “fondation charles darwin pour les îles galapagos” , association international sans but lucratif ( “aisbl” ) , has its registered office located at drève du pieuré 19 , 1160 brussels , and is registered under the trade registry of brussels under the number 0409 . 359 . 103 .
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idionyx is a genus of dragonflies in the family corduliidae .

the genus consists of the following species : idionyx carinata fraser , 1926 idionyx claudia ris , 1912 idionyx corona fraser , 1921 idionyx galeata fraser , 1924 idionyx iida hämäläinen , 2002 idionyx imbricata fraser , 1926 idionyx intricata fraser , 1926 idionyx laidlawi fraser , 1936 idionyx minima fraser , 1931 idionyx montana karsch , 1891 idionyx murcia lieftinck , 1971 idionyx nadganiensis fraser , 1924 idionyx nilgiriensis ( fraser , 1918 ) idionyx optata selys , 1878 idionyx orchestra lieftinck , 1953 idionyx periyashola fraser , 1939 idionyx philippa ris , 1912 idionyx rhinoceroides fraser , 1934 idionyx saffronata fraser , 1921 idionyx selysi fraser , 1926 idionyx stevensi fraser , 1924 idionyx thailandica hämäläinen , 1985 idionyx travancorensis fraser , 1931 idionyx unguiculata fraser , 1926 idionyx victor hämäläinen , 1991 – dancing shadow-emerald idionyx yolanda selys , 1871 idionyx yunnanensis zhou , wang , shuai & liu , 1994

idionyx

range description : idionyx travancorensis is known only from the western ghats in india ( fraser 1931 , 1936 ) . countries : native : india ( karnataka , kerala , tamil nadu )
citation : dow , r . a . 2009 . idionyx travancorensis . in : iucn 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2011 . 2 . < www . iucnredlist . org > . downloaded on 20 december 2011 .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . idionyx travancorensis fraser , 1931 . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 10 , 2018 ] .
april 21 i was checking for dragonflies inside the forest in huu lien nature reserve in the afternoon under a cloudy sky . my attention was drawn by a dragonfly cruising up and down a slight opening over the trail . caught , it appeared to be a female cordulid . checking at home it became quickly apparent this is an idionyx species . karube ( 2011 ) described 3 species for vietnam , idionyx victor , i . carinata and i . asahinai . the latter two have the same thoracic markings are my female and the double horn on the vertex points to i . carinata . a further difference with i . asahinai is the facial pattern , with a small yellow spot on the center of the anteclypeus , whereas in i . asahinai the whole labrum is also yellow .
population : there are very few records of this species ; it appears to be scarce or under - recorded . there appears to be no records since the 1930s . idionyx species are difficult to capture , and generally impossible to identify without capture , and there has been a lack of expert sampling in the western ghats since fraser’s day ( 1930s ) ; the lack of recent records is as likely to reflect these factors as it is actual rarity . population trend : unknown
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wilson , k . d . p . , tam , t . w . , kwan , s . p . , wu , k . y . , wong , s . f . , wong , k . 2003 . field guide to the dragonflies of hong kong . agriculture , fisheries and conservation department , hong kong
this dragonfly is small and lightly built . in males , the hindwing is 27 to 29 mm in length and the total body length ranges from 38 to 41 mm . the eyes are brilliant leaf - green , paler below . the thorax is dark metallic green with a yellow lateral band . the abdomen is thin and dark , markedly broadened towards the apex . female is similarly marked but paler in colour . the wing base is tinted with yellow , increasing with age .
this species inhabits small forest streams . it is listed as a critically endangered species in the singapore red data book , but the present knowledge suggests a less threatened status .
this species flies erratically , non - stop , often in a small area and only a metre or so above the ground .
originally described on basis of a female specimen collected in singapore by a . r . wallace in 1854 .
tang , h . b . , l . k . wang & m . hämäläinen , 2010 . a photographic guide to the dragonflies of singapore . raffles museum of biodiversity research , national university of singapore , singapore . 222 pp .
raffles museum of biodiversity research rmbr has its origins in the raffles museum which was founded in 1849 . established on…
developed by moving mouse © 2018 lee kong chian natural history museum . all rights reserved . terms of use .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
< a target = ' _ blank ' href = ' urltoken ' > iucn 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species . version 2011 . 2 . exported on 12 january 2012 < / a >
habitat and ecology : fraser ( 1931 ) states that the species occurs from 3 , 000 - 4 , 000 ft in the western ghats and breeds in mountain streams . nothing else is known of its habitat or ecology . systems : freshwater list of habitats : 1 , 19 , 5 , 5 . 1
general description of the sites where the species is found ( ecosystem , forest , environment or microhabitat ) . includes realm ( e . g terrestrial etc ) and climatic information ( e . g boreal ) ; also includes requirements and tolerances ; horizontal and vertical ( altitudinal ) distribution . also includes information referring to territorial extension of the individual or group in terms of its activities ( feeding , mating , etc . ) , associated mostly to vertebrates .
is known only from the western ghats in india ( fraser 1931 , 1936 ) . countries : native : india ( karnataka , kerala , tamil nadu )
enumerates geographic entities where the taxon lives . covers ranges , e . g . , a global range , or a narrower one ; may be biogeographical , political or other ( e . g . , managed areas like conservencies ) ; endemism ; native or exotic . does not include altitudinal distribution , which is covered under habitat .
red list category & criteria : data deficient ver 3 . 1 year assessed : 2009 assessor / s : dow , r . a . reviewer / s : kalkman , v . & clausnitzer , v . ( odonata red list authority ) justification : a very poorly known species , of which there have been no records since the 1930s and for which there is inadequate information available on habitat ; this is as likely to reflect difficulty of capture and a lack of expert sampling in the western ghats as it is actual rarity , accordingly it is listed as data deficient . conservation actions : there is an urgent need for fresh data on this poorly known species . searches need to be conducted in the western ghats .
describes the likelihood of the species becoming extinct in the present day or in the near future . population size is treated under population biology , and trends in population sizes are treated under trends . however , this is the preferred element if an object includes all of these things and details about conservation listings .
major threat ( s ) : habitat loss through human development of the area . list of threats : 1 , 1 . 1 , 1 . 2
fraser , f . c . 1931 . additions to the survey of the odonata ( dragonfly ) fauna of western india , with descriptions of nine new species . records of the indian museum 33 : 443 - 474 .
iucn . 2009 . iucn red list of threatened species ( ver . 2009 . 2 ) . available at : www . iucnredlist . org . ( accessed : 3 november 2009 ) .
fraser , f . c . 1936 . the fauna of british india , including ceylon and burma . odonata . vol . iii . taylor & francis , london .
prasad , m . and varshney , r . k . 1995 . a check - list of the odonata of india including data on larval studies . oriental insects 29 : 385 - 428 .
using freshwater kbas for informing conservation and development policy and action in kerala and tamil . . .
picked up this report / project on damselfies from the internet authored by the indian academy o . . .
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i . carinata is widely distributed in southern china and apparently also in northern vietnam , as karube mentions specimens from tam dao , from cuc phuong and also from cao bang province . by the way province is the province west of lang son , in which huu lien is located .
fraser ( 1924 ) mentions i . optata as very similar to i . carinata , but states for instance that the anal loop of carinata has less cells ( 4 - 6 cells in carinata and 12 in optata ) . however , this was based on only one female and one male specimen . the photo of i . carinata in karube show around 12 cells in the loop . my specimen also has 12 cells . of course i will be happy to see a male next time !
same female in ventral view . note the straight yellow stripe and the extensively yellow metepimeron , yellow extending onto metepisternum .
204 species covering all known from regua . a great introduction to the dragonfly biodiversity of south america
17 april , ql 32 back from sapa to ba vi , and ba vi . . .
i have a keen interest in the natural world , especially in odonata and birds , but not limited to that . in this blog i discuss my sightings with anyone interested .
is known from sumatra ( e . g . ris 1927 ; lieftinck 1935 , 1939 , 1954 , 1971 ) , java ( e . g . lieftinck 1934 , 1939 , 1954 , 1971 ) , the mentawei islands ( lieftinck 1954 ) and peninsular malaysia ( e . g . orr 2005 ) , although lieftinck ( 1939 , 1954 ) expressed doubts over its occurrence in peninsular malaysia and r . dow ( pers . comm . 2008 ) is not aware of any recent records from this region .
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caloptilia pulverea is a moth of the gracillariidae family .

it is known from china , japan ( honshū , kyūshū , shikoku , hokkaidō ) and the russian far east .

the wingspan is 12.5 – 14 mm .

the larvae feed on alnus firma , alnus hirsuta , alnus japonica , alnus matsumurae , alnus maximowiczii , alnus rugosa and alnus serratuloides .

they probably mine the leaves of their host plant .

caloptilia pulverea

this study was conducted to review the genus caloptilia in korea with taxonomic arrangement . in this study , 19 species in the genus were recognized from korea . among them , four species , caloptilia fidella ( reutti ) , c . hidakensis kumata , c . illicii kumata , and c . pulverea kumata , are newly recorded in korea . all the known species from korea are briefly enumerated with illustrations of the adult and genitalic structures .
this study was conducted to review the genus caloptilia in korea with taxonomic arrangement . in this study , 19 species in the genus were recognized from korea . among them , four species , caloptilia fidella ( reutti ) , c . hidakensis kumata , c . illicii kumata , and c . pulverea kumata , are newly recorded in korea . all the known species from korea are briefly enumerated with illustrations of the adult and genitalic structures . •a total of 19 species of the genus caloptilia in korea are recognized . •four newly recorded species were found in korea . •all the known species were enumerated with the photos of adults•illustration of the genitalic structure of both sexes for the species were provided . © 2014 korean society of applied entomology , taiwan entomological society and malaysian plant protection society . .
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studies on the mining lepidoptera of poland . x . mining lepidoptera of torun and surrounding areas
microlepidotteri della venezia tridentina e delle regioni adiacenti . parte iii . ( fam . gelechiidae - micropterigidae )
this study will be conducted to review the family gracillariidae with the morphological characteristics including genitalic structures , distributional ranges and host plants information in korea . a…
[ more ]
gelechiidae collected from is . ulleung - do in the east sea , reporting a newly recorded species from k . . .
in a faunal survey of the gelechiidae ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea ) from is . ulleung - do in the east sea of republic of korea , one species of gelechiidae , bagdadia gnomia ponomaranko , is reported for the first time from korea and an unknown species of the genus bryotropa was discovered . in addition , eight species of gelechiidae including a little known species , dichomeris anisacuminata li & . . . [ show full abstract ]
this study was conducted to review the genus phyllonorycter in korea . in this study , totally 19 species in the genus were recognized from korea . among them , four species , p . cretata ( kumata ) , p . japonica ( kumata ) , p . rostrispinosa ( kumata ) and p . stephanandrae ( kumata ) are reported for the first time from korea . all the available species were briefly redescribed with illustrations of the adult . . . [ show full abstract ]
an entomofauna survey at maebongsan mountain , gangwon - do , south korea was carried out from may to september of 2010 . regional characteristics are summarized . a total of 1 , 299 individuals were collected and 536 species in 106 families and 12 orders were identified .
eight species belonging to the tribe eucosmini < epiblema expressana ( christoph ) , eucoegenes teliferana christoph , eucosma campoliliana ( [ denis et schiffermüuller ] ) , hendecaneura cervinum walsingham , rhopalovalva cathartorna ( meyrick ) , griselda macrosepalana oku , notocelia nimia falkovitsh , and petrova coeruleostriana ( caradja ) > are reported for the first time from korea with illustration of . . . [ show full abstract ]
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shin , y . m . , korea national arboretum , pocheon ; lee , b . w . , korea national arboretum , pocheon ; byun , b . k . , hannam university , daejeon
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


the príncipe seedeater ( crithagra rufobrunneus ) is a species of finch in the fringillidae family .

it is found only on the islands of sao tomé and príncipe ( including the small islet of boné de jóquei ) off the west coast of africa .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests .

the príncipe seedeater was formerly placed in the genus serinus but phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear dna sequences found that the genus was polyphyletic .

the genus was therefore split and a number of species including the príncipe seedeater were moved to the resurrected genus crithagra .

principe seedeater

principe seedeater ( crithagra rufobrunnea ) is a species of bird in the fringillidae family .
clement , p . ( 2018 ) . principe seedeater ( crithagra rufobrunnea ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : although this species may have a small range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but race thomensis is described as common and the nominate race is described as scarcer than thomensis ( clement 1999 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
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race thomensis appears to be more closely related to c . concolor ( previously in genus neospiza ) than to the other two races # r . three subspecies recognized .
( de naurois , 1975 ) – i boné de jokei ( caroço ) , off s príncipe .
) . smallish , rather short - tailed drab - coloured finch with conical bill . nominate race is almost . . .
song a slow series of warbling notes , trills and twitters , including high - pitched
pss - pss - pss . . .
primary and secondary forests , including gallery forest , dry woodlands , riverine and coastal . . .
season mar , may–aug and oct–jan . solitary . male sings for prolonged periods , spreading tail and fluttering half - opened wings . . .
not globally threatened . restricted range species : present in príncipe eba and são tomé eba . common on são tomé ; uncommon or scarce on príncipe . tiny island of bone de jókei . . .
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forms three well - defined subfamilies # r , including euphoniinae , previously placed in thraupidae . also includes drepanidini , sometimes treated as a separate family ( as in hbw ) , but here considered merely a tribe of carduelinae . extensive phylogenetic data available , and comparatively few species remain wholly unscreened ; nonetheless , study of internal relationships has been confounded by recurring plumage patterns and use of similar feeding niches by taxa that prove to be far from closely related .
apparently monophyletic clade comprising mostly afrotropical and arabian species traditionally placed in serinus , together with a few that were sometimes included in carduelis # r # r ; two species of s africa , previously placed in pseudochloroptila , also imported herein , as is c . concolor , transferred from monospecific neospiza , based on molecular evidence # r # r . one analysis using mtdna indicates that further subdivision might be warranted , by recognizing dendrospiza ( for , e . g . , c . capistrata , c . hyposticta and c . citrinelloides ) , ochrospiza ( c . citrinipectus , c . mozambica and c . dorsostriata ) and poliospiza ( c . striatipectus , c . reichardi and c . mennelli ) # r , but more complete taxon sampling does not support this at present .
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view more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .
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there is a registration fee of 20€ . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won’t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
although this species may have a small range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : crithagra rufobrunnea . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .
avibase has been visited 263 , 295 , 594 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy
all ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair
all records ( accepted , rejected , pending ) . to filter / search please enter a phrase . e . g . to filter rejected records , type rejected into the search box , all columns can be filtered .
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unique : the editorially approved pons online dictionary with text translation tool now includes a database with hundreds of millions of real translations from the internet . see how foreign - language expressions are used in real life . real language usage will help your translations to gain in accuracy and idiomaticity !
enter a word ( “newspaper” ) , a word combination ( “exciting trip” ) or a phrase ( “with all good wishes” ) into the search box . the search engine displays hits in the dictionary entries plus translation examples , which contain the exact or a similar word or phrase .
this new feature displays references to sentence pairs from translated texts , which we have found for you on the internet , directly within many of our pons dictionary entries .
a click on the tab “usage examples” displays a full inventory of translations to all of the senses of the headword . usage examples present in the pons dictionary will be displayed first .
the pons dictionary delivers the reliability of a dictionary which has been editorially reviewed and expanded over the course of decades . in addition , the dictionary is now supplemented with millions of real - life translation examples from external sources . so , now you can see how a concept is translated in specific contexts . you can find the answers to questions like “can you really say … in german ? ” and so , you will produce more stylistically sophisticated translations .
the “examples from the internet” do , in fact , come from the internet . we are able to identify trustworthy translations with the aid of automated processes . the main sources we used are professionally translated company , and academic , websites . in addition , we have included websites of international organizations such as the european union . because of the overwhelming data volume , it has not been possible to carry out a manual editorial check on all of these documents . so , we logically cannot guarantee the quality of each and every translation . this is why they are marked “not verified by pons editors” .
we are working on continually optimizing the quality of our usage examples by improving their relevance as well as the translations . in addition , we have begun to apply this technology to further languages in order to build up usage - example databases for other language pairs . we also aim to integrate these usage examples into our mobile applications ( mobile website , apps ) as quickly as possible .
the examples come from the entire data collection of the pons dictionary and are all editorially certified .
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