bolinus is a genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

this genus is known in the fossil record from the miocene to the pliocene period ( age range : from 15.97 to 2.588 million years ago . ) .

fossil shells within this genus have been found in cyprus , austria , italy and turkey .

some species of these molluscs were known since ancient times as a source for purple dye and also as a popular food source .

bolinus

variety bolinus brandaris var . adunca coen , 1933 accepted as bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( infrasubspecific name , not recognized by iczn )
variety bolinus brandaris var . bicaudata coen , 1933 accepted as bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( infrasubspecific name , not recognized by iczn )
variety bolinus brandaris var . cingulata coen , 1933 accepted as bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( infrasubspecific name , not recognized by iczn )
variety bolinus brandaris var . delicatula coen , 1925 accepted as bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( infrasubspecific name , not recognized by iczn )
variety bolinus brandaris var . ecaudata coen , 1933 accepted as bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( infrasubspecific name , not recognized by iczn )
variety bolinus brandaris var . fragilis coen , 1933 accepted as bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( infrasubspecific name , not recognized by iczn )
variety bolinus brandaris var . polii monterosato in coen , 1933 accepted as bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( infrasubspecific name , not recognized by iczn )
bolinus pusch , 1837 . retrieved through : world register of marine species on 25 april 2010 .
meat yield of bolinus brandaris ( gastropoda : muricidae ) : comparative assessment of the influence of . . .
reproductive cycle of bolinus brandaris ( gastropoda : muricidae ) in the ria formosa lagoon ( southern . . .
bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) . retrieved through : world register of marine species on 25 april 2010 .
bolinus cornutus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) . retrieved through : world register of marine species on 25 april 2010 .
hans - martin braun added the german common name
purpurschnecke
to
bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
hans - martin braun added the german common name
brandhorn
to
bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
hans - martin braun added the german common name
herkuleskeule
to
bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
hans - martin braun added the dutch common name
brandhorenslak
to
bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
hans - martin braun added the german common name
purpurschnecke
to
bolinus cornutus ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
growth of the purple dye murex , bolinus brandaris ( gastropoda : muricidae ) , marked and released in a . . .
jennifer hammock split the classifications by inventaire national du patrimoine naturel from bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) to their own page .
hans - martin braun added the english common name
horned murex
to
bolinus cornutus ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
hans - martin braun added the german common name
gehörnte stachelschnecke
to
bolinus cornutus ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
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bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) . houart , r . ; gofas , s . ( 2009 ) . bolinus brandaris ( linnaeus , 1758 ) . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . world marine mollusca database . accessed through the world register of marine species at urltoken on 31 august 2010 .
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houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
bolinus brandaris , shells . species from which tyrolean purple was extracted . bought from dealer by j . g . williams . collected haifa bay , february 1987 by trawling . 15 - 20 fathoms .
( of aranea conspicua perry , 1811 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex tuberculatus roding , 1798 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandariformis locard , 1886 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex coronatus risso , 1826 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of haustellum clavatum schumacher , 1817 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex trispinosus locard , 1886 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex clavisherculis röding , 1798 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris longiaculeatus settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris insculptus settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris commixtus settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris brandellus settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris subcornutus settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris spinosus settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris ponderosus settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris brevispinis settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris varicosus settepassi , 1970 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
myers b . b . & hertz c . m . 1994 . a new species of bolinus ( gastropoda : muricidae ) from the caribbean sea . the veliger , 37 ( 2 ) : 201 - 203 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex tumulosus g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 ) houart r . ( 2014 ) . living muricidae of the world . muricinae . murex , promurex , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . harxheim : conchbooks . 197 pp . [ details ]
( of murex ( bolinus ) cornutus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) bernard , p . a . ( ed . ) ( 1984 ) . coquillages du gabon [ shells of gabon ] . pierre a . bernard : libreville , gabon . 140 , 75 plates pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of murex tudiculoides coen , 1943 ) coen g . ( 1943 ) . revisione delle varietà della tritonalia erinaceus . monografia sul murex ( bolinus ) brandaris . nuovi gruppi e specie di gasteropodi . sul gruppo pseudofusus mts . 1884 . sulla charonia seguenzae . . acta pontifica academia scientiarum 7 ( 1 ) : 40 - 41 [ details ]
the purple dye murex bolinus brandaris is a commercially valuable gastropod in portugal . however , there is a lack of knowledge on the reproductive cycle in atlantic populations of this species . in this context , the reproductive cycle of b . brandaris from the ria formosa lagoon , southern portugal , was studied using standard histology and light microscopy and the calculation of bio - physiological . . . [ show full abstract ]
the present study reports the growth rate of the purple dye murex , bolinus brandaris ( gastropoda : muricidae ) , estimated from mark - recapture experiments . a total of 1067 specimens ( shell length = 43 . 4±8 . 1 mm , range = 14 . 6−78 . 4 mm ) were marked with dymo® tape tags and released in a semi - intensive fish culture earthen pond . after a period at liberty ranging from almost two months to around two . . . [ show full abstract ]
the present study assessed the influence of sex , size and reproductive status on the meat yield ( soft tissues proportion ) of the purple dye murex ( bolinus brandaris ) from the ria formosa lagoon ( southern portugal ) . during one year of monthly sampling ( october 2008 september 2009 ) , average meat yield of b . brandaris was 40 . 5±6 . 1 % ( range : 25 . 8 - 56 . 1 % wet weight ) , with no significant differences . . . [ show full abstract ]
this volume comprises the introduction and the first part of the muricinae : murex s . s . , murex ( promurex ) , haustellum , bolinus , vokesimurex and siratus . each species is listed with the authors name ( s ) , the date of description , synonymy , distribution , description and some comments ; the chresonymy is cited only for misidentified figures in recent publications dealing only with muricidae . the type locality and the type material are noted for species named after 1971 , even if the name is now considered to be invalid . each species is illustrated in colour with many specimens , from the authors collection , unless labelled otherwise . other black and white illustrations , mostly in the text , illustrate some type specimens , while sem photographs are provided for the radula and other details . drawings or photos of the protoconch are provided for most of the species .
( of murex cornutus linnaeus , 1758 ) linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 746 [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
gofas , s . ; afonso , j . p . ; brandào , m . ( ed . ) . ( s . a . ) . conchas e moluscos de angola = coquillages et mollusques d ' angola . [ shells and molluscs of angola ] . universidade agostinho / elf aquitaine angola : angola . 140 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of murex tumulosus g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 ) petit , r . e . ( 2009 ) . george brettingham sowerby , i , ii & iii : their conchological publications and molluscan taxa . zootaxa . 2189 : 1–218 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
murex brandaris brevispinis settepassi , 1970 ( not available , published in a work which does not consistently use binominal nomenclature ( iczn art . 11 . 4 ) )
murex pseudobrandaris zanardii settepassi , 1970 ( not available , published in a work which does not consistently use binominal nomenclature ( iczn art . 11 . 4 ) )
( of murex brandaris linnaeus , 1758 ) linnaeus , c . ( 1758 ) . systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . editio decima , reformata . laurentius salvius : holmiae . ii , 824 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 747 [ details ]
( of murex tuberculatus roding , 1798 ) röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 144 [ details ]
( of murex coronatus risso , 1826 ) risso , a . ( 1826 - 1827 ) . histoire naturelle des principales productions de l ' europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de nice et des alpes maritimes . paris , levrault : vol . 1 : xii + 448 pp . , 1 map [ 1826 ] ; vol . 2 : vii + 482 pp . , 8 pls [ november 1827 ] ; vol . 3 : xvi + 480 pp . , 14 pls [ september 1827 ] ; vol . 4 : iv + 439 pp . , 12 pls [ november 1826 ] ; vol . 5 : viii + 400 pp . , 10 pls [ november 1827 ] . . 3 ( xvi ) : 1 - 480 , 14 pls . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandariformis locard , 1886 ) locard a . ( 1886 ) . prodrome de malacologie française . catalogue général des mollusques vivants de france . mollusque marins . lyon , h . georg & paris , baillière : pp . x + 778 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 159 , 560 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris brandellus settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris commixtus settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris insculptus settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris longiaculeatus settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . devians dautzenberg , 1904 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1904 ) . variations et cas tératologiques chez le murex brandaris linné . j . conchyliol . lii : 285 - 287 , plate viii ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . diplacantha dautzenberg , 1904 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1904 ) . variations et cas tératologiques chez le murex brandaris linné . j . conchyliol . lii : 285 - 287 , plate viii ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . nivea bucquoy , dautzenberg & dollfus , 1882 ) bucquoy e . , dautzenberg p . & dollfus g . ( 1882 - 1886 ) . les mollusques marins du roussillon . tome ier . gastropodes . paris , j . b . baillière & fils 570 p . , 66 pl . [ pp . 1 - 40 , pl . 1 - 5 , february 1882 ; pp . 41 - 84 , pl . 6 - 10 , august 1882 ; pp . 85 - 135 , pl . 11 - 15 , february 1883 ; pp . 136 - 196 , pl . 16 - 20 , august 1883 ; pp . 197 - 222 , pl . 21 - 25 , january 1884 ; pp . 223 - 258 , pl . 26 - 30 , february 1884 ; pp . 259 - 298 , pl . 31 - 35 , august 1884 ; pp . 299 - 342 , pl . 36 - 40 , september 1884 ; p . 343 - 386 , pl . 41 - 45 , february 1885 ; p . 387 - 418 , pl . 46 - 50 , august 1885 ; pp . 419 - 454 , pl . pl . 51 - 60 , january 1886 ; p . 455 - 486 , pl . 56 - 60 , april 1886 ; p . 487 - 570 , pl . 61 - 66 , october 1886 ] , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . quadrispinosa dautzenberg , 1904 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1904 ) . variations et cas tératologiques chez le murex brandaris linné . j . conchyliol . lii : 285 - 287 , plate viii ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . robusta dautzenberg , 1904 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1904 ) . variations et cas tératologiques chez le murex brandaris linné . j . conchyliol . lii : 285 - 287 , plate viii ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . ternispinosa coen , 1914 ) coen , g . ( 1914 ) . contributo allo studio della fauna malacologica adriatica . memorie del regio comitato talassografico italiano . 46 : 3 - 34 , pl . 1 - 7 . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . torta dautzenberg , 1904 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1904 ) . variations et cas tératologiques chez le murex brandaris linné . j . conchyliol . lii : 285 - 287 , plate viii ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of murex trispinosus locard , 1886 ) locard a . ( 1886 ) . prodrome de malacologie française . catalogue général des mollusques vivants de france . mollusque marins . lyon , h . georg & paris , baillière : pp . x + 778 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 158 , 559 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris ponderosus settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris spinosus settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris subcornutus settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of haustellum clavatum schumacher , 1817 ) schumacher c . f . ( 1817 ) . essai d ' un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés . schultz , copenghagen . iv + 288 pp . , 22 pls . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex clavisherculis röding , 1798 ) röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 144 [ details ]
( of purpura fuliginosa röding , 1798 ) röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 143 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris varicosus settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex pseudobrandaris zanardii settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris brevispinis settepassi , 1970 ) settepassi f . ( 1970 ) . atlante malacologico dei molluschi marini viventi nel mediterraneo vol . 1 . [ malacologial atlas of living marine molluscs in mediterranean sea , vol . 1 . ] . museo di zoologia del communedi . roma . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . canaliaspinosa serradell , 1912 ) serradell m . b . ( 1912 ) . nota sobre ' l murex brandaris , linneo , i les seves varietats . butlletí del club montanyenc : associació de ciències naturals i excursións . 1 : 12 pp . [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . longispina brusina , 1870 ) brusina s . ( 1870 ) . ipsa chiereghinii conchylia ovvero contribuzione pella malacologia adriatica . pisa , biblioteca malacologica pp . 280 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . ecaudata coen , 1933 ) coen g . ( 1933 ) . saggio di una sylloge molluscorum adriaticorum . memorie del regio comitato talassografico italiano 192 : pp . i - vii , 1 - 186 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . bicaudata coen , 1933 ) coen g . ( 1933 ) . saggio di una sylloge molluscorum adriaticorum . memorie del regio comitato talassografico italiano 192 : pp . i - vii , 1 - 186 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . nodosa coen , 1933 ) coen g . ( 1933 ) . saggio di una sylloge molluscorum adriaticorum . memorie del regio comitato talassografico italiano 192 : pp . i - vii , 1 - 186 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . cingulata coen , 1933 ) coen g . ( 1933 ) . saggio di una sylloge molluscorum adriaticorum . memorie del regio comitato talassografico italiano 192 : pp . i - vii , 1 - 186 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . adunca coen , 1933 ) coen g . ( 1933 ) . saggio di una sylloge molluscorum adriaticorum . memorie del regio comitato talassografico italiano 192 : pp . i - vii , 1 - 186 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . fragilis coen , 1933 ) coen g . ( 1933 ) . saggio di una sylloge molluscorum adriaticorum . memorie del regio comitato talassografico italiano 192 : pp . i - vii , 1 - 186 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . gigantea pallary , 1900 ) pallary p . ( 1900 ) . coquilles marines du littoral du départment d ' oran . journal de conchyliologie . 48 ( 3 ) : 211 - 422 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . aculeata philippi , 1836 ) philippi r . a . ( 1836 ) . enumeratio molluscorum siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium , quae in itinere suo observavit . vol . 1 . schropp , berlin [ berolini ] : xiv + 267 p . , pl . 1 - 12 , available online at urltoken ; = article & id ; = 355 & itemid ; = 167 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . polii coen , 1933 ) coen g . ( 1933 ) . saggio di una sylloge molluscorum adriaticorum . memorie del regio comitato talassografico italiano 192 : pp . i - vii , 1 - 186 [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . gigantea pallary , 1900 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . fragilis coen , 1933 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . cingulata coen , 1933 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . nodosa coen , 1933 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . bicaudata coen , 1933 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . novemcostata serradell , 1912 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . intermedia depontaillier , 1884 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . multicostata serradell , 1912 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . spinotuberculata serradell , 1912 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . delicatula coen , 1925 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . bifida coen , 1937 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . ecaudata coen , 1933 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . longispina brusina , 1870 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris brevispinis settepassi , 1970 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex pseudobrandaris zanardii settepassi , 1970 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex girisus de gregorio , 1885 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex monospinosus serradell , 1912 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex moreanus de gregorio , 1885 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex pseudobrandaris grateloup , 1833 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex subbrandaris d ' orbigny , 1851 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex trifariaspinosus frauenfeld , 1869 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex tudiculoides coen , 1943 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex brandaris var . aculeata philippi , 1836 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
medin . ( 2011 ) . uk checklist of marine species derived from the applications marine recorder and unicorn . version 1 . 0 . [ details ]
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the species is exploited in the following sector ( s ) : - fishing or commercial aquiculture for food . - sport or local fishing . used in the clothing , footwear or crafts industries for the manufacture of articles ( jewellery , etc . ) .
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depth range based on 7 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 11 - 63 temperature range ( °c ) : 13 . 257 - 13 . 257 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 873 - 0 . 873 salinity ( pps ) : 38 . 362 - 38 . 362 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 5 . 828 - 5 . 828 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 031 - 0 . 031 silicate ( umol / l ) : 7 . 198 - 7 . 198 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 11 - 63 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
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muricidae muricidae belong to the precious families because part of the family has superb spines or combines pastel colours with intricate shapes . their determination is not easy , and because of the larqe number of species , especially for the small ones a real challenge . collecting muricidae for the aesthetic collection gives much satisfaction , as selected specimens can be fantastic . many species need lots of cleaning . a few species received the particular attention of collectors and made history : among these loebecki and elongatus . among the new celebrities are the red sea species forsteri and the recently discovered poireiria poppei . about 1200 species .
© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 3 . 321 seconds . )
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . no available public dna sequences . download fasta file
an illustration of the species from martin lister ' s 17th century shell book .
this snail lives in the central and western parts of the mediterranean sea and has been found on isolated coral atoll beaches in the indian ocean and south china sea . it was known since ancient times as a source for purple dye and also as a popular food source under various names , among which sconciglio , from which comes the word scungilli .
: this particular shell has a broken lip because it was between growth stages when it died , and the edge of the aperture is easily damaged during that time .
the shell is usually golden brown with a very long siphonal canal and a rounded body whorl with a low spire . there is a row of spines that corresponds to the end of each growth stage .
this species , like many other species in the family muricidae , can produce a secretion which is milky and without color when fresh but which turns into a powerful and lasting dye when exposed to the air .
this was the mollusc species used by the ancients to produce tyrian purple fabric dye .
sea snails of the species banded dye - murex hexaplex trunculus were also used to produce a purple - blue or indigo dye . in both cases , the mollusks secrete the dye in the mucus of their hypobranchial glands .
it is a cannibalistic species ; evidence suggests that intensive breeding by the ancient , minoans resulted in pierced shells , perhaps by other snails , due to the population density in breeding tanks .
radwin , g . e . & d ' attilio a . ( 1986 ) . murex shells of the world . an illustrated guide to the muricidae . stanford univ . press , stanford , x + pp . 1 - 284 incl 192 figs . + 32 pls .
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. . . this higher my of b . brandaris compared with h . trunculus and s . haemastoma is due to marked differences in their shells in terms of thickness , strength and ornamentation , and consequently , in their shell relative weight ( e . g . dallavia and tappeiner 1981 , alyakrinskaya 2005 , vasconcelos et al . 2016 ) . for instance , the contribution of shell weight to tw in h . trunculus is almost 10 % higher than that in b . brandaris ( dalla via and tappeiner 1981 ) , whereas in s . haemastoma the contribution is over 10 % higher than that in h . trunculus ( alyakrinskaya 2005 ) . . . .
. . . the size - frequency distribution of empty shells revealed higher mortality of smaller h . trunculus , probably due to their greater fragility and lower resistance to fishing impacts and shell damage . although b . brandaris shells are clearly thinner , more fragile and vulnerable to damage than those of h . trunculus ( vasconcelos et al . 2016 ) , the size - frequency of b . brandaris empty shells did not exhibit such a size - dependent trend , which might be due to differ - ential burrowing behaviour between species ( vasconcelos et al . 2008 ) . still , whereas most h . trunculus empty shells were only slightly or moderately damaged , most b . brandaris empty shells were moderately or heavily damaged , confirming greater vulnerability to predation and fishing damage . . . .
sendo que vocês são expertos na ecologia da especie bolines brandaris , eu precissava de saber em qué tipo de sedimento se encontra habitualmente , ou se acham que o tipo de sedimento seja um factor na distribuiçao dos individuos na ria formosa . nao consigo encontrar este tipo de informação em ningúm artigo , mas penso que se calhar , pela súa experiência , me p + oderão indicar . muito obrigada .
consultant in the case study 2 . 2
algarve purse seine
- procedural and technological changes to purse seining with mixed catches of low value by - catch , and undersized target species leading to sli…
[ more ]
comparison of weight - length relationships and relative growth between intertidal and offshore popula . . .
the present study reports weight - length ( w - l ) relationships and discusses the relative growth of the banded murex ( hexaplex trunculus ) from intertidal and offshore areas of the gulf of gabès ( southern tunisia ) . overall , 9634 h . trunculus were sampled ( 6608 from intertidal and 3026 from offshore ) , with both populations comprising broad ranges in shell length ( intertidal : 13 . 6–78 . 5 mm ; offshore : . . . [ show full abstract ]
the red - mouthed rock shell ( stramonita haemastoma ) h . zell / wikimedia commons cc by - sa 3 . 0
sought after by royalty and enshrined in the ancient words of aristotle , tyrian purple pigment was sourced from shellfish found along the levant coast in the eastern mediterranean for thousands of years .
, whose hypobranchial gland was one of the main sources of the purple pigment , has seemingly disappeared from the mediterranean without a trace .
. along with the near - legendary red - mouthed rock shell , they found that 38 of the 59 documented mollusk species from the area were also no longer around .
the study’s authors say the disappearance and the wider situation in the eastern mediterranean sea is inseparable from the “current biodiversity crisis” and the emerging “anthropocene” . the sea surface temperature near israel has witnessed a 2°c ( 1 . 6°f ) rise between 1750 and 2010 . understandably , such a rapid ecological change can stress species and trigger declines , if not collapses , of their population .
for days . it apparently kicked up a really bad smell , but the product was a rich , valuable , and scarce dye . it was the go - to method for dyers until 19th - century chemist william henry perkin managed to synthetically craft the rare purple pigment by accident , according to
dye made from fresh hexaplex , a similar species . kanold / wikimedia commons cc - by 30
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turquoise ( 1825 – 1846 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won the classic oaks stakes at epsom downs racecourse in 1828 .

in a racing career which lasted from april 1828 until april 1830 she ran eighteen times , winning eleven races and finishing second on five occasions .

as a three-year-old in 1828 she failed to attract a bid after winning a claiming race at newmarket but then created an upset by winning the oaks at odds of 25/1 .

she went on to prove herself a leading stayer , winning three more races before the end of the season .

in 1829 she won five more races including three walkovers when no horses appeared to challenge her .

she was retired after a single unsuccessful run in 1830 .

turquoise ( horse )

turquoise horse trails horses are fed exclusively on equi - feeds , the leading horse feed manufacturer in south africa .
get spring ready with some pretty turquoise ! these horse necklaces will dress up any outfit .
all the latest horse racing form , betting odds , news , breeding , jockey and trainer information for turquoise king . turquoise king is a gelding born in 2010 september 8 by stratum out of girls rule
if you are even slightly interested in riding a horse , do yourself a favour and visit turquoise horse trails . i rarely rave about riding stables , but turquoise horse trails is worth the high praise ! never being sure what to expect from a stable , i was . . .
this sterling silver and turquoise horse head beaded necklace is an investment piece . it will get you compliments for years to come .
winner turquoise ) and prudence ( the dam of reginald and rowena ) . half - siblings to pope include the mares
the current race record for turquoise king is 7 wins from 49 starts with prizemoney of $ 329 , 970 . 00 .
prepared by hawkes racing , turquoise king has had 10 starts for five wins and four seconds earning $ 184 , 300 .
turquoise is yet to break her maiden status , having not won a race yet from 9 attempts . during her most recent race at ipswich on 14th jul 2017 , turquoise was ridden by robbie fradd and finished 11th , behind the winner golden sheaf .
re - offered at their ready to run sale a few months later by phoenix park , turquoise king fetched $ 150 , 000 .
good fit and easily adjustable . turquoise outside , purple underneath . nice combination of colors . underneath is soft , must feel comfortable .
four year old stratum gelding turquoise king improved on his excellent record to score a short neck win in the benchmark 85 event over 1200 metres .
turquoise king is the third winner from geiger counter ( usa ) mare girls rule , a half - sister to stakes - winner roll on royce .
40 minutes : this ride takes you along the lush tropical forest trail where you can glimpse turquoise water while passing through an old cinnamon and coconut plantation .
welcome to turquoise horse trails , situated in barbarons district , mahe island , seychelles . we are offering the best way to explore and experience the wild and exotic beaches of the world’s oldest mid oceanic granitic islands , on horseback !
following the fall , during a race , of a horse and / or of the jockey from that horse , or the rider being dislodged from a horse , racing authorities should not permit such a horse to be re - mounted with the intention of continuing in the race .
adorable multi strand adjustable bracelets ! ( 2 ) turquoise stone , ( 2 ) natural stone $ 8 . 00 each ! comment with your email address to purchase .
turquoise king was bred in victoria at rosemont stud and sold as a yearling for $ 21 , 000 at the magic millions national sale where he was snaffled by new zealand bloodstock .
turquoise ( gb ) br . f , 1825 { 1 - e } dp = 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ( 0 ) di = inf cd = inf
if the horse is being permanently imported for racing purposes and the importing authority wishes to receive
clearance
or related racing information on the horse , it should contact the racing authority of the country from which the horse was exported .
turquoise horse trails i visited in may 2018 for the two hour beach ride . my original booking was rescheduled due to the tropical storms and torrential rain in the preceding days . it was touch and go whether the ride would go ahead at all due . . .
she was beaten by mr . mellish ' s horse eagle ( full brother to
in the event any part of the rider of a horse makes contact with the ground during the running of a race , irrespective of whether the rider has contact with the horse , such horse shall be deemed not to have carried the weight .
this creates the possibility that a horse imported , either temporarily or permanently , will share its name with a horse already in the country to which it has travelled .
we managed to get there by bus ( nr11 from platform n in victoria ) which took us 40minutes . turquoise horse riding is 50 meters from the bus stop . we just showed the address to the bus driver and he told us where to drop out of . . .
4 . 4 should a staging authority fail to receive a clearance in respect of a declared horse it may impose a fine and / or refuse to allow the horse to run in the race . if the horse is allowed to race without a clearance and irregularities subsequently emerge related to clearance then the horse may be liable to disqualification .
should the horse , trainer or owner be the subject of a restriction , the home authority will notify the staging authority and the trainer of the horse of the details .
every treatment must be administered in the best health and welfare interests of the horse .
2 . 1 the trainer must request , prior to the horse ' s first such race , the horse ' s home authority to send a rcn to the staging authority .
, eleanor lost a 100 - guinea gold cup race to mr . dawson ' s horse
the passport should accompany the horse and be made available to the relevant authorities on request .
( c ) include mention of the retirement within any racing clearance notifications for the horse .
d ) a racing authority must record , within the details it holds of the horse in question , information which it has received on the administration to that horse of such substances under exceptional use for therapeutic purposes . this information must be included when providing details on the horse to a horseracing authority or stud book authority in any country to which the horse travels ( including within racing clearance notifications ) , including in the case of permanent export of the horse .
on 16 october , pope received 75 guineas forfeiture from mr . shakespeare ' s horse nuncio .
can’t be wrong – richard king turf s . , texas horse racing hall of fame s .
and received 60 guineas forfeiture from lord darlington when his horse musician backed out of a match race .
the administration or application of any physical procedure or therapy to a horse intended to have an effect .
if , in the opinion of the staging authority’s relevant judicial body , a horse or its rider causes interference and finishes in front of the horse interfered with but irrespective of the incident ( s ) the sufferer would not have finished ahead of the horse causing the interference , the judge’s placings will remain unaltered .
• provide an analytical service to establish whether a sample from a horse entered to race contains specified substances .
withholding of water pre - race to the detriment of the health , welfare or safety of the horse .
horse authorities should give consideration to requiring vaccination against diseases , which are not covered by their national legislation .
b – in the event that it is established that a horse has gained an unfair advantage at the start in a race started from barrier / starting stalls , such horse may be declared a non - runner .
at the newmarket - craven meeting , eleanor received 200 guineas from mr . sitwell after his horse fieldfare forfeited a three - mile match race . at the same meeting eleanor ran third to sir hedworth williamson ' s horse
3 . 2 an rcn issued by a staging authority will not attest to the good standing of the owner or trainer , but will either attest to the fact that the horse remains free of restrictions , subsequent to its most recent race , or specify any such restriction . should the horse be the subject of a restriction , the staging authority imposing that restriction will notify the staging authority to which the horse is due to travel of the details and will also notify the horse ' s home authority and the trainer of the horse of such details .
if , in the opinion of the staging authority’s relevant judicial body , a horse or its rider causes interference and finishes in front ot h the horse interfered with and if not for the incident ( s ) the sufferer would have finished ahead of the horse causing the interference , the interferer will be placed immediately behind the sufferer .
stratum might not have had a stakes - winner on saturday , but he wasn’t short of winners with four saluting at metropolitan tracks – turquoise king ( rosehill ) , bush aviator ( doomben ) , miracle the second ( morphettville ) and epic ( doomben ) .
the relevant rules of racing and national legislation relating to the treatment of horses must be available to horse connections .
6 . where a sample taken from a horse at any other time contains a prohibited substance , horseracing authorities may , according to their own rules , impose sanctions on the horse , trainer , owner , or other licensed persons .
no therapies should be administered on the day of the race to a horse without the authorization of the horseracing authority .
the trainer must comply with mandatory horse rest periods for specific drugs or treatments , as enforced by the horseracing authority .
horseracing and stud book authorities ( horse authorities ) should be aware of their national veterinary authority ' s vaccination requirements .
all therapies for a horse involved in racing or race training ( including rest periods ) should be based upon a specific diagnosis , administered in the context of a valid and transparent owner - trainer - veterinarian relationship , and given in the interests of the horse ' s health and welfare . following any therapy given to a race horse , a sufficient period should elapse prior to racing such that the therapy ( i ) is not capable of giving the horse an advantage or causing it to be disadvantaged contrary to the horse ' s inherent merits or ( ii ) is detrimental to its welfare .
3 . 1 for the purposes of this article , ' ambiguous sex ' is the term used to describe the situation where the externally visible sexual characteristics of a horse are contradicted by its genetic makeup / internal organs . 3 . 2 when a stud book authority comes by evidence of ambiguity in the sex of a horse , it should : - advise its racing authority - require the owner to return the horse ' s passport . - suitably amend the horse ' s passport to indicate the ambiguity of sex . - whenever relevant , inform the stud book authority which registered the horse as a foal .
thought that goodisson
rode his horse with great skill and judgement
and
gave great satisfaction to all present .
the official veterinary surgeon will be a person approved by both the horse authorities and the competent authority of the importing country .
northern dancer wins the remsen stakes at aqueduct on nov . 27 , 1963 . ( coglianese photo / blood - horse )
1 . 1 the portion of the rcn to be completed will depend on the circumstances of the horse ' s travel . in the event of any change in those circumstances , the trainer must contact the horse ' s home authority for a fresh rcn .
five years earlier , hickey had secretly commissioned an oak casket . the gallant champion was placed in the box draped in a turquoise cooler offset by gold piping with the name northern dancer scripted on it . a refrigerated van transported the horse’s body back to windfields in canada . a national hero was welcomed home . northern dancer was buried midway between the barn where he was born and the barn where he created his first classic runner .
4 . 3 a clearance will become invalid should the trainer or owner of the horse change after issue , in which case a fresh clearance must be requested . the clearance will also become invalid as soon as the horse leaves the country of the staging authority .
( b ) may adopt a system for the lodgement and registration of agreements between seller and buyer that the horse should not race again . to address subsequent sales of the horse , racing authorities may wish to include the following model clause into their agreement form :
in his last start of the season , pope was unplaced in the tortoise stakes won by mr . shakespeare ' s horse tumbler .
halter is not only sturdy , any color horse looks great in this multi color halter ! definitely buy again . great price too !
a racing authority which forwards , on behalf of a horse ' s owner / trainer , an entry for that horse in a race to be run in a foreign country is responsible for the payment of the monies required under that race ' s conditions ( such as entry and forfeit fees ) in order for the horse to take part , unless specific alternative arrangements have been agreed between the respective authorities .
any form of advertising / sponsorship carried by a rider , a horse or a horse ' s attendant during a race meeting should at all times comply with any restrictions imposed on advertising / sponsorship by the horseracing authority of the country where such race meeting is taking place .
the registration of a name for a horse can only be made by or with approval of the competent authority of its country of birth .
belle turquoise ( fr ) b . f , 1998 { 16 - c } dp = 0 - 0 - 4 - 8 - 0 ( 12 ) di = 0 . 20 cd = - 0 . 67 - 1 starts , 0 wins , 0 places , 0 shows career earnings : $ 2 , 940 in usa
objective 1 . the objective is to protect the integrity of horseracing and the welfare of the horse through controlling the use of substances capable of giving a horse an advantage or causing it to be disadvantaged in a race , contrary to the horse ' s inherent merits . sampling 2 . to establish whether a prohibited substance is present , samples shall be taken from horses declared to race . horseracing authorities may also take samples at any time , according to their own rules . sample means a sample from any part or in contact with any part of the horse .
racing authorities may establish a system under which they record the elective permanent retirement from racing of a racehorse , for example on the strength of a request , formally expressed by the horse ' s owner , and accepted by the racing authority , that the horse should not race again .
to prevent such duplication , the registered name of such an imported horse must have a suffix added to it , showing the country of foaling .
the trainer must obtain veterinary advice from the attending veterinarian on the management , treatment and appropriate level of training for a sick or injured horse .
4 . 4 a staging authority may also seek reciprocation of a suspension or disqualification imposed upon a rider , owner or trainer licensed or registered by , or a suspension imposed on a horse recorded as being in training within , its own jurisdiction , where that person or horse travels abroad .
a – in the event that it is established that a horse has been denied a fair start in a race started from barrier / starting stalls and which has materially prejudiced the chance of that horse being placed where betting and / or prizemoney is affected , such horse may be declared a non - runner . circumstances which may lead to a horse being declared as a non - runner include , but are not limited to , the horse being riderless at the time the start of the race was effected ; or , being compromised from beginning the race on equal terms with other runners due to mechanical fault of the barrier / starting stalls ; or , any unreasonable actions of the starter and / or any person assisting the starter .
where do i begin . . . this was an absolutely outstanding experience . i cannot say enough about this place . damien and his team made sure that each horse and tack were immaculate for us , each and every horse was in perfect condition too ( from feet to weight ) . . .
1 . 1 the trainer must request , on every such occasion , the horse ' s home authority to send a rcn to the staging authority .
however , in applying such rules , the population of registered horse names against which newly applied - for horse names are checked is likely to be restricted to those issued by the authority in question . ( exclusion of duplicates on a global level is likely to be considered impractical and unnecessarily restrictive ) .
the relevant rules of racing of the horseracing authorities of the importing country relating to protection of the welfare of racehorses must be available to horse connections .
tough - 1 nylon padded halter with satin horse hardware is a double - ply nylon head gear that features an adjustable satin padded crown and nose . there’s also a snap metal latch hook and buckle for quick release . it’s the perfect halter to catch , hold , lead or tie your yearling horse .
pope won 500 - guinea garden stakes at the houghton meeting on 30 october , beating the 6 - year - old horse cassio and the filly mirth .
riders should be weighed before and after a race in order to control that the horse carries the correct weight in accordance with the conditions of the race .
when an authority receives a race entry for a horse born abroad , it may wish to treat the horse , for purposes of race qualification , weight allocation , etc . , as being of a different age from that described by that horse ' s home authority . this is likely to be in order to reflect different breeding seasons , as between the northern and southern hemisphere . by way of illustration , some examples of such hemispheric allowance tables are shown in appendix 7 .
later at the same meeting , pope finished third ( but not officially placed ) in £50 subscription handicap plate , losing to the colt cambric and the horse salvator .
in this case , for each movement , the relevant authority will , prior to departure , provide by electronic means a copy to its counterpart authority in the country of final destination and issue to the applicant a gnm ( see appendix 1 - e ) . on the horse ' s return , the relevant authority from which the horse is returning will , on application , issue to the applicant a gnm and provide by electronic means a copy to its counterpart in the horse ' s home country .
9 . after a horse has raced and before it is discharged from any requirements for postrace sampling , no treatment with prohibited substances shall be allowed without official permission .
horse authorities should permanently liaise with their national veterinary authorities regarding measures ( including vaccination and / or equine disease testing requirement ) to prevent spread or entry of disease .
the buyer agrees that , from the date of this agreement , the horse shall not be entered to race in any race and shall not participate in any race .
3 . 3 when a racing authority comes by evidence of ambiguity in the sex of a horse within its jurisdiction , it should : - advise its stud book authority - require the horse ' s owner or trainer ( as appropriate ) to alert the racing authority if they intend to make an entry to race in another country , prior to making such entry . - on receipt of such an alert , notify the racing authority of the country in which it is intended to race the horse of the relevant facts in its possession as to the ambiguity of the horse ' s sex . 3 . 4 a racing authority may , on the basis of information received as to the ambiguity of a horse ' s sex , impose whatever restrictions it considers appropriate on its freedom to take part in races , or in specified race types .
2 . 1 . 1 a requirement that any evidence of artificial breeding at any point in its pedigree would automatically exclude a horse from the register . 2 . 1 . 2 a statement that the inclusion of a horse from the non thoroughbred register of another country may only be accepted with the bilateral agreement of both stud book authorities .
modification of the heritable genome of a thoroughbred at any time of its life will disqualify such a horse being considered any longer as a thoroughbred in racing or competition activities .
the control of a horse ' s identity is one of the prime considerations in the operation of racing , breeding and health management . it is necessary that identity control should be made at the horse ' s first public race start as well as for every horse coming from abroad , and recommended for every claiming or selling race . this identity control has to be performed as well at every stage of breeding operations ( covering , registration of foal , etc . ) . it is as well recommended before public sales .
“the horse hadn’t been in a van for years and the vets weren’t sure he would even survive the trip up there , ” said clevenger , his caretaker . “his companion horse , tv commercial , was brought out to be with him . his systems were shutting down and he was visibly suffering . it was the humane thing to do . ”
c ) a horse shall be ineligible to race until a minimum of six ( 6 ) months has elapsed after the administration of any of the substances specified in point four ( 4 ) above , and the racing authority must test to ensure that a horse treated therapeutically with any of these substances is free from the presence of such substances before racing .
a great success in the stud , he sired six classics winners : the derby winner azor ( ch c 1814 ) , the oaks winners medora ( ch f 1811 ) and turquoise ( br f 1825 ) , the two thousand guineas winners nicolo ( ch c 1820 ) and turcoman ( br c 1824 ) , and the one thousand guineas winner selim filly ( br f 1812 ) . probably his most influential offspring was
racing authorities will apply rules aimed at preventing the re - issuance of horse names ( see article 14 iii ) , thereby minimising the risk of confusion in racing administration and wagering .
18 . for any finding of a prohibited substance , the horseracing authority may decide either itself or at the owner ' s or trainer ' s request to examine the horse further .
subjecting horses to medical or surgical procedures outside of a valid and transparent owner - trainer - veterinarian relationship and those inconsistent with providing medical and / or welfare benefits to the horse .
4 . 1 . 1 a horse may be promoted from a non thoroughbred register to a thoroughbred stud book only when the following conditions are all satisfied : 4 . 1 . 1 . 1 the pedigree of the horse demonstrates eight thoroughbred crosses consecutively including the cross of which it is the progeny , 4 . 1 . 1 . 2 the pedigree of the horse contains animals which can show such performances in races open to thoroughbreds , in both the thoroughbred and non - thoroughbred sections of its pedigree , as to warrant its assimilation with thoroughbreds .
every horse authority , in conjunction with the country ' s thoroughbred breeders association where appropriate , shall appoint one veterinarian , who will be the official contact with the international collating centre .
racing authorities in receipt of such requests for reciprocation should refuse to accept entries for the horse , although , under exceptional circumstances and with veterinary support , they may rescind such retirements .
only padded / shock absorbing whips / crops which have not been modified in any way may be carried in a race . this guideline gives examples of use of the whip which are prohibited : - using the whip to the extent of causing injury . - using the whip with the arm above shoulder height . - using the whip with excessive force . - using the whip on a horse which is showing no response . - the continued use of the whip on a horse after its chance of winning or being placed is clearly gone . - the unnecessary use of the whip on a horse that has clearly won its race or has obtained its maximum placing . - using the whip on a horse which is past the winning post . - using the whip on the flank of the horse . - using the whip with excessive frequency . - using the whip on any part of the horse ' s head or in the vicinity of the head . - the use of the whip in front of the saddle while the whip is held in the forehand position , unless exceptional circumstances prevail .
treatment of a horse by the administration of a substance or a medication containing a prohibited substance may only be performed on the advice of a veterinarian with appropriate knowledge of the condition , health status and management of the individual horse . in the case of substances controlled by government regulation , these may only be administered by , or on the prescription of , a veterinarian .
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the buyer shall not sell , lease , hold on trust for another or otherwise dispose of the whole or of any part of the horse without the prior written consent of the seller .
the buyer agrees that , on any sale , lease , trust creation or any other disposition of the horse , he shall procure that the buyer , lessee , beneficiary or other person to be legally or beneficially entitled to an interest in the horse , shall enter into a direct agreement with the seller agreeing to be bound by the rules if racing from time to time in force and to observe and perform clauses 1 – 6 inclusive of the conditions , so that both the buyer and all subsequent owners of the horse shall be bound by the said conditions .
we are a natural horsemanship establishment and horse riding trail operator . our main aim is to be as comfortable to both horse and rider using a holistic approach to the wellbeing of both . if you are inexperienced or lack confidence we will be there to guide you and offer good instruction before you head out on the trail and will continue to do so until you feel confident .
in determining whether a horse is qualified for a race and / or the weight it is assigned - race conditions may make reference to the categorisation of the races in which the horse has previously competed . in such cases , whether a race in another country is or is not treated as such by the staging authority will depend on the country in which the prior race was run .
use of physical or veterinary procedures or medication treatments to mask the effects or signs of injury so as to allow training or racing to the detriment of the horse ' s health and welfare .
when arranging the stabling and training of temporarily imported horses , consideration should be given to the conditions that will apply when the horse is re - exported , as well as to national rules .
any trainer running a horse in a race abroad must ensure that the racing authority of the country staging the race is in receipt of an internationally agreed clearance notification which will attest , to the best of the knowledge of its home authority as defined hereunder , that : a ) the horse is free of restrictions b ) the trainer is duly licensed c ) the owner is duly registered .
horses should travel with their official passport . prior to racing or breeding , the official passport , must be inspected by the relevant authority in the importing country to confirm the identity of the horse .
( i ) act as a steward or official at any recognised meeting . ( ii ) act as an authorised agent . ( iii ) enter , run , train or ride a horse in any race at any recognised meeting or any official trial , jump - out or test . ( iv ) enter any racecourse or training track owned , operated or controlled by a race club or any land used in connection therewith . ( v ) own any horse in the care and control of a trainer , whether as full or part owner or lessee or ( vi ) share in the winnings of any horse .
modification of the heritable genome of a prospective or registered thoroughbred , during its conception , gestation or at any stage thereafter in its existence , will result in that horse forfeiting its status as a thoroughbred .
the official veterinary surgeon should liaise closely with the competent authority of the importing country and the national horse authority . the official veterinary surgeon should report , immediately , any suspicion of contagious or infectious disease .
sanctions 5 . a horse shall be disqualified whenever the analysis of an official sample taken on race day demonstrates a positive finding for a prohibited substance as defined by the relevant rules of racing . the trainer of the horse shall be penalized except when he has discharged his responsibilities as described hereunder beyond reproach . in case of the demonstration of the presence of a substance as defined in article 6 e – clause 4 , a horse shall as well be ineligible to race until a minimum of six months has elapsed after the positive finding and can only then be entered in a race after an official negative doping test .
1 . each racing authority ( the home authority ) must maintain ( or ensure it has unfettered access to ) comprehensive and up - to - date records of the performances of all horses in training in its jurisdiction . these must include , as a minimum , all the information laid down in appendix 3 and include foreign performances , whether from prior to entry into its jurisdiction , or from occasions on which the horse has travelled temporarily abroad to race . where the name of a horse has been the subject of a change or changes , the records must indicate under which name the horse raced in each of its races .
upon request from a racing authority to whose jurisdiction any such horse has travelled , the home authority must provide its record of performances . this may be effected by providing on - line access to the information .
racing authorities may , within their rules , provide for the disqualification of a horse from a race in circumstances in which the staging authority’s relevant judicial body deems that the rider has ridden in a dangerous manner .
4 . 2 the home and staging authorities shall then undertake all reasonable and available endeavours to extend that request to other racing authorities where the rider , owner , trainer or horse may race . in the event that either the home or staging authority extends a request to reciprocate the suspension or disqualification of a rider , owner , trainer or horse to another racing authority , it should forthwith inform the other of the details .
each racing authority should include a rule within their rule book , specifying which – if any - categories of horse , in addition to the thoroughbred , are generally entitled to race under the rules of that authority . where flat racing and jump racing are treated differently , this should be stated . this does not preclude the exclusion of certain categories of horse from individual races , where this is specifically mentioned in the race conditions .
, eleanor finished last in a field of four horses to lord darlington ' s horse muly - moloch . at the first october meeting in newmarket , eleanor regained her three - year - old form and defeated the mare
it is recognised that ( a ) different interpretations apply internationally to where a racehorse is ' based ' and ( b ) the rules of some racing authorities allow for a trainer to be licensed simultaneously in more than one jurisdiction . for the purpose of this article , therefore , the ' home authority ' is defined in relation to the horse . the horse ' s home authority is the racing authority of the country in which ( a ) the horse was recorded as being in training immediately prior to its departure to race in another racing jurisdiction and ( b ) where it was foaled or , if exported , where its export certificate should be lodged .
no race horse used for racing may be subjected to the prohibited practices specified in this article . sick or injured race horses must be treated and / or rested as appropriate for their condition before returning to full training .
horse authorities should advise connections of horses , and their shipping agents , to be aware of national and international welfare legislations and to give careful consideration to the welfare and biosecurity measures of horses when they are being transported .
beginners will be led . novice riders will be allowed to ride alone but a guide will be present on the ground to aid with controls if needed . all other levels of riders will follow the guide’s horse riding unassisted .
and was relocated to ireland for use as a racehorse . lord lonsdale wrote to the marquess that
he [ had ] sent him the best bred horse in the world save one ,
with the exception being swordsman .
pope was retained by lord sligo after his racing career as a breeding stallion . pope stood under the name
waxy pope
to distinguish him from another horse named pope ( sired by shuttle ) that was also standing in ireland .
in the case of a necessary change for cultural reasons , the new name ( or , in the case of a horse renamed more than once , the most recently registered new name ) will become the registered name for racing purposes .
“we shared quarters in a four - stall stud barn , ” related hickey , who died in 2013 at 86 . “installed a wood floor , paneled the walls , and i was in business . northern dancer was a good - feeling horse and he knew he was the star . we had a lot of significant people come by to look at the minstrel . northern dancer would get very impatient , start stomping his hoof . he didn’t want any horse taking his place . ”
any subsequent international movement beyond that covered by the bcn requires an export certificate to be issued , by the authority which issued the bcn , to the initial country of destination , for onward transmission to the country to which the horse has moved .
2 . a staging authority must also immediately inform the home authority of , and make public , any post - raceday demotion or promotion ( for example , as a result of a finding of a prohibited substance ) of a horse trained abroad .
usa : 6c : the language in the iabrw implies extracorporeal shock wave therapy is strictly prohibited during racing or training . swt is not strictly prohibited but rather a horse is prohibited from racing for 10 days after treatment according to rci model rules .
a thoroughbred is a horse which is recorded in the thoroughbred stud book of the country of its foaling , that stud book having been granted approved status by the international stud book committee ( appendix 8 ) at the time of its official recording .
bred top and bottom to be an outstanding sire , exaggerator is the most accomplished son of 2 - time horse of the year curlin and is a graded stakes winner over five different racetracks from 6 1 / 2 to 9 1 / 2 furlongs .
4 . 6 where a person or horse , at the effective commencement of a suspension , is already suspended by any recognised racing authority , the new suspension shall begin at the commencement of the day following the completion of any previous period of suspension .
practices that jeopardize the health and welfare of the horse , the welfare of the rider , and other participants as well as the integrity of horseracing are inappropriate and prohibited . the responsibility for enforcing the regulation of any such practice lies with the horseracing authority .
horses that are unable to be trained due to injury or illness must be taken out of training and given appropriate veterinary treatment and / or rest . all treatments must be administered in the best interests of the horse and not to facilitate the continuation of training .
2 . when a racehorse is out of training at any time in its career from the commencement of training to final retirement from racing , the owner ( s ) must readily be able to inform the domestic racing authority of the exact location of the horse .
this electronic notification of export must be accepted by the approved stud book authority of the country to which the horse has moved . in the exceptional case where an original document is needed , this fact is to be stated at the time of notification of export .
on request by another racing authority , racing authorities must in a timely way provide details of the colours registered to any owner who has a horse declared in that other country . these details should , if requested , include both a textual description of the colours and a graphical representation in electronic format . racing authorities may further assist in the process , either by proactively making this information available , ( for example at the time of the horse ' s entry ) , or allowing inter - authority on - line access to the information .
my airbnb host recommended this as an activity and i was a little nervous because i have essentially zero experience with horses and riding . no worries ! damien was a great guide and the horse they had me ride was very sweet . damien also has a . . .
australia : breeding is a full signatory . racing is a partial signatory as australia does not use the suffix to differentiate two horses of the same or similar name . we require a change of name for a horse imported , either permanently or temporarily to race in australia .
for a horse born abroad , the application to register a name must be made through the relevant authority of the country where the export certificate is lodged . the change of a name already registered and published can only be requested from the authority which originally registered that name .
to ensure fair competition , transparency , welfare and sound breeding , racing authorities will at their discretion carry out testing for prohibited substances at any time in the career of any horse , from the commencement of training , according to local racing rules , to final retirement from training .
ifha listed diseases of potential concern for the equine industry : 1 . strangles 2 . epizootic lymphangitis 3 . vesicular stomatitis 4 . infection with hendra virus 5 . horse mange 6 . horsepox 7 . infection with nipah virus 8 . tetanus 9 . getah virus 10 . equine encephalosis
the granting of a licence to a trainer or the granting or renewing of a licence to a rider by a horseracing authority should as a guideline take account of the following criteria in order to safeguard the welfare of participants and the horse and the interests of the racing authority .
the trainer is responsible for creating and maintaining full and accurate records of all treatments given to a horse , including all veterinary procedures performed and all medications administered . these records must be kept for a minimum of 12 months and be readily available for inspection by regulatory officials when requested .
, winning 350 guineas . she also won the king ' s plate from sister to gouty a few days later . at the second october meeting at newmarket , her last engagement of the season , eleanor won £50 in a stakes race by beating the prince of wales ' horse shock .
this is when the horse travels and returns to its country of departure within the given limits of time and itinerary indicated on the clearance notification . with the prior agreement of the receiving authority , extension may be granted at the discretion of the issuing authority , to cope with exceptional circumstances .
“by restricting the numbers , you were maintaining the vigor of the horse which i believe was why he was a stallion for so long , ” hickey explained . “it also created a terrific premium on his yearlings , as there would only be a dozen or so sold in a year .
this is applicable only when a horse of whatever age , with the exception of foals under their dam , leaves its home country for a period of less than nine months and will return home inside that nine month period , the reason for travel being neither to race , nor to breed .
“he was a tough horse , not mean but tough to breed . he passed on that stubborness to his sons and daughters and that’s what made them champions . i don’t think he knew he was small . he made up for it in bulk . he was like a little bull . ”
' s colt czar peter . at the second october meeting , she was second to bustard in a gold cup race . at the houghton meeting , she was again second in a gold cup race to the horse stretch . in the last three starts of her career , eleanor did not place .
where the period of exportation is greater than the given limit shown on the clearance notification and / or the itinerary has been modified without consultation of relevant authorities and / or if there is no intention to return the horse to its departure country , or when the relevant stud book authority regard all movements regardless of purpose or time frame as permanent , the export certificate or an electronic copy must be sent to the approved stud book authority of the country to which the horse has moved , together with the dna certificate for the horse and , for pregnant mares , the dna certificate ( s ) of the covering stallion ( s ) where requested by the country of final destination . importing approved stud books cannot accept an export certificate issued by a stud book authority that does not hold approved status from the isbc . should the stud book authority of the country of destination not be approved , a certified copy should be sent and the original certificate retained until requested for by an approved stud book . the dna certificate ( or an integrated dna profile ) from the sample taken at registration must be appended to the export certificate . whenever possible , those operations must be fulfilled prior to the horse travelling .
the notification is valid for one country of destination only . any subsequent international movement beyond that covered by the gnm requires an export certificate to be issued , by the authority which issued the gnm , to the initial country of destination , for onward transmission to the country to which the horse has moved .
3 . if full traceability of any racehorse , whether in training or out of training , cannot be established at any time in its racing career , such horse will only be permitted to be entered in a race after a period of six ( 6 ) months in training with a duly licensed trainer .
1 . 1 the horse must be the product of a mating between a sire and a dam , both of which are recorded in an approved thoroughbred stud book or either or both must have been promoted from a non - thoroughbred register under the terms set out in article 13 paragraph 4 . 1 .
subsequent to their arrival at their destination and prior to commencing training and racing , horses should be inspected by a veterinary surgeon from the relevant horse racing authority to ensure that they are in a suitable health and fitness condition to resume training or racing and are free from signs of infectious and contagious diseases .
small and stocky , the bonny bay colt was built more like an old - style quarter horse than a sleek thoroughbred . in 1962 , he was offered for $ 25 , 000 at his yearling sale . there were no takers . two years later , in the lead - up to the kentucky derby the press poked fun at the colt’s pint - size ( 15 . 1 hands ) stature . then northern dancer uncorked a jaw - dropping two - minute flat run breaking the 89 - year - old track record and become the first canadian - born and - bred horse to win the world’s most famous race .
it is easy to adjust . i wanted a halter that was easier to put on my horse . this is perfect with the clasp strap under the jaw instead of the buckle strap . i bought 4 ! 2 purple and 2 teal . my only complaint is that those were the only color options given .
the export certificate or electronic notification of export ( including markings ) may only be issued by the approved stud book of the country of birth of the horse . the dna certificate must also be included . it is sent directly or made available on a website by the exporting authority to the stud book authority ( or , in the case of special racing authorities , to the racing authority ) of the country to which the horse is exported when the exportation is permanent , or when the period of export exceeds the period for which the clearance notification or the endorsement of the document of identification is valid ( see articles 3 ) .
2 . 2 . the document should be printed or displayed in the principal language of the issuing authority . for passports it is a requirement that the principal information held within the document is also translated into english 2 . 3 the document must always accompany the horse and should only be altered by , or with the express permission of , the issuing stud book authority . 2 . 4 the loss of the document must be notified to the issuing authority who are the only party permitted to issue a duplicate copy . 2 . 5 the document of a dead horse should be returned to the relevant authority of the country in which it died .
bred by general sparrow , he was sold to the prince of wales as a three - year old . described as a horse of great quality and majesty , he was given to colonel leigh at the dispersal of the prince ' s stable . his dam alexander mare ( b f 1790 ) was the modern taproot mare of
c ) in the case of all other horses , 5 years after their death , or at 20 years of age ( whichever is the sooner ) . an exception may be made where the name of a horse which has been reported as dead and has not raced is sought for re - use by the same applicant .


the cretzschmar 's bunting ( emberiza caesia ) is a passerine bird in the bunting family emberizidae , a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches , fringillidae .

it breeds in greece , turkey , cyprus and the coastal countries along the eastern edge of the mediterranean .

it is migratory , wintering in sudan and northern eritrea .

it is a very rare wanderer to western europe .

cretzschmar 's bunting breeds on sunny open hillsides with some bushes .

it is mainly coastal or insular , and often breeds at lower levels than the closely related ortolan bunting where both occur .

it lays four to six eggs in a ground nest .

its natural food consists of seeds and when feeding young , insects .

this bird is smaller than ortolan .

the breeding male has a grey head with orange moustaches .

the upperparts are brown and heavily streaked , except on the rump , and the underparts are rusty orange .

the stout bill is pink .

females and young birds have a weaker head pattern , and are more similar to ortolans .

they can be distinguished by the warm brown rump and white eye-ring .

the english name commemorates the german physician and scientist philipp jakob cretzschmar who founded the senckenberg natural history museum .

the genus name emberiza is from old german embritz , a bunting .

the specific caesias is from latin caesius , " bluish-grey " .

cretzschmar ' s bunting

filmed at yotvata israel 10 . 3 . 2013 latin name : emberiza caesia cretzschmar ' s bunting is a common migrant in israel
the latest sighting details and map for cretzschmar ' s bunting are only available to our birdguides ultimate or our birdguides pro subscribers .
adult males cretzschmar’s are gorgeous and not difficult to identify , often with extra orange colour in the lores which ortolans bunting don’t show - as in the male below .
seeing young ortolan’s and cretzschmar’s buntings in the past i have often thought some cretzschmar’s to be a real challenge and could so easily be overlooked in nw europe . i think young ortolans can often have a white eye ring . so boils down to subtle plumage tones and ( one again ) most importantly distinctive call .
first winter and females cretzschmar’s are a whole other ballgame , which is why this bird , photographed in belgium 2 days ago is fascinating ! follow the interesting discussion here . great chance to learn and be circumspect towards of any uk ‘ortolan’s’ this next week…
madge , s . ( 2018 ) . cretzschmar ' s bunting ( emberiza caesia ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
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seems ridiculous to say but both cretzschmar’s and ortolan buntings can in the space of a few hours , become backcloth birds in southern israel in spring . just a walk in the small urban parks produces flock of both species , sometimes 40 - 60 birds feeding together . yes , it is ridiculous ! both of these photos were taken just last month in eilat .
sw albania , most of greece , crete , much of coastal w & s turkey , cyprus , w syria , lebanon , w jordan , n israel and palestine ; possibly also nw iraq . winters in sudan both on coast and along nile valley and ( at least formerly ) eritrea ; some reported in s egypt and nw & sw saudi arabia .
cramp , s . and simmons , k . e . l . ( eds ) . 1977 - 1994 . handbook of the birds of europe , the middle east and africa . the birds of the western palearctic . oxford university press , oxford .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
algeria ; austria ; ethiopia ; finland ; france ; germany ; iran , islamic republic of ; italy ; libya ; malta ; netherlands ; oman ; poland ; qatar ; spain ( canary is . ) ; sweden ; ukraine ; united kingdom ; yemen
in europe , the breeding population is estimated to number 115 , 000 - 225 , 000 pairs , which equates to 230 , 000 - 450 , 000 mature individuals ( birdlife international 2015 ) . europe forms 75 - 94 % of the global range , so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 244 , 000 - 600 , 000 mature individuals , although further validation of this estimate is needed . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
this species favours dry barren habitats with some low - lying vegetation , on hillsides , rocky islands as well as on cultivated land , up to 1 , 300 m asl , often near the coast ( hagemeijer and blair 1997 , madge 2016 ) . nesting is reported from mid - april to mid - june . the nest is made by the female and it is placed on the ground against a rock or amongst the roots of a shrubby plant . the clutch , usually four to six eggs , is incubated mainly by the female . hatching takes place after 12–14 days . nestlings are reared by both parents . they leave the nest after 12–14 days . the species is migratory ; breeding areas are vacated in july and august . wintering areas are situated outside europe , in north - eastern africa ( madge 2016 ) . the species forages almost entirely on the ground . the diet consists of small seeds , in particular of grasses and small invertebrates are also taken , in particular ants ( madge 2016 ) .
conservation actions underway there are currently no known conservation measures for this species . conservation actions proposed no conservation measures are currently needed for this species .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22720920a111136984 .
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calls of a bird first perched in low scrub , then flying off . . equipment used : telinga pro7 stereo dat mic , sound devices 702 .
intraspecific aggression . two birds chasing each other . one giving the recorded call shortly before take off , when chased away by the other . . equipment used : telinga pro7 stereo dat mic , sound devices 702 .
bird foraging in scrub on a dry hillside . equipment used : telinga pro7 stereo dat mic , sound devices 702 .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
# r , kurgos island , c . 17° n , river nile , sudan
16 cm ; 18·5–23·5 g . male breeding has grey - blue hood , breast and malar stripe , contrasting orange - rufous lores , chin , throat and submoustachial stripe , . . .
song , from prominent rock , tree or bush , a short phrase of 3 or 4 notes , “dziree - dziree - . . .
for breeding favours coastal habitats , including small islands , with boulder - strewn hillsides , . . .
diet little studied , but known to consist of wide variety of small seeds , especially of grasses ( poaceae ) ; some invertebrates also taken , . . .
eggs reported from mid - apr to mid - jun in greece and cyprus ; in n israel , eggs reported as early as late mar and as late as mid - jul , with . . .
migratory ; post - breeding movement chiefly to nile valley and red sea coast of sudan . breeding areas . . .
not globally threatened . locally common , and comparatively numerous throughout much of range ; uncommon in jordan . global population has been tentatively estimated at between . . .
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previously treated in much broader versions , which included calcariidae and passerellidae , and earlier also cardinalidae and thraupidae # r .
sometimes split up , with recognition of other genera such as fringillaria , melophus , granativora , miliaria , latoucheornis , schoeniclus , cristemberiza and ocyris ; but phylogenetic studies # r # r show that melophus and latoucheornis ( each with a single species ) and perhaps others belong to the clade represented by “true” emberiza ; relationships among species may be better indicated by use of subgenera , thus avoiding destabilizing of established nomenclature # r .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : emberiza caesia . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
whats wrong with secretary kim 영준이 재능교육 시작했니 ? ( 자기의 일은 스스로 . . . 하지마 . . . ) 180704 ep . 9
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
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british ornithologists ' union checklist ( 7th edition , incl . jan 2009 suppl . ) :
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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twitching a red - breasted flycatcher on his land led to an altogether rarer garden discovery for deryk shaw .
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like other buntings in size ( l 16 cm ) , but recognised by its blue - grey head and rusty - coloured throat . the species inhabits barren , rocky hillsides or open scrub , often near gardens . the diet seems to be principally seeds and small invertebrates . migrant .