protetragonites is an extinct genus of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the family lytoceratidae .

these fast-moving nektonic carnivores lived from the jurassic period tithonian age to the cretaceous period aptian age .

protetragonites

explore what eol knows about protetragonites quadrisulcatus ( d ' ' orbigny 1841 ) .
lower cretatuos follsil | protetragonites quadrisulcatum lower cretaceous ( valenginien ) drôme . . . | lower cretatous | pinterest | ammonite
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : protetragonites aeolus ( a . v . m . d . d ' orbigny , 1850 ) † - id : 6474000111
correlatable faunas within the t . hugii auct . zone in the gerecse mountains of hungary show an occurrence of p . infundibulum , phylloceras winkleri ( = phyllopachyceras winkleri ) , phylloceras sp . lytoceras sp . , protetragonites sp . , anahumulina sp . , hamulina sp . , and typically the pulchelliids d . favrei , t . hugii and taveraidiscus intermedius ( fözy and janssen , 2009 , fözy and janssen , 2006 ) .
the ammonite assemblage consists of 17 families including 44 different upper hauterivian–upper barremian genera : phylloceratidae with phylloceras , phyllopachyceras , sowerbyceras ; lytoceratidae with lytoceras , eulytoceras , protetragonites ; desmoceratidae with plesiospitidiscus , barremites , valdedorsella , abrytusites , ? pseudohaploceras , melchiorites ; silesitidae with silesites ; holcodiscidae with astieridiscus , holcodiscus , maurelidiscus ; pulchelliidae with gerhardtia , heinzia , kotetishvilia , discoidellia ; haploceratidae with neolissoceras ; crioceratidae with crioceratites , pseudothurmannia , paracostidiscus ; emericiceratidae with emericiceras , honnoratia , paraspiticeras ; acrioceratidae with acrioceras , dissimilites ; ancyloceratidae with toxancyloceras , audouliceras ; heteroceratidae with moutoniceras ; leptoceratoididae with karsteniceras , hamulinites , sabaudiella ; ptychoceratidae with ptychoceras ; hamulinidae with hamulina , anahamulina , vasicekina , ptychohamulina , duyeina ; megacrioceratidae with megacrioceras ; macroscaphitidae with macroscaphites , costidiscus .
aguado et al . ( 1992 ) described barremian faunas from the subbetic domain in the betic cordillera . they designated a spitidiscus hugii zone ( = t . hugii zone after reboulet et al . , 2009 ) . this zone was defined by a p . infundibulum , barremites and spitidiscus assemblage . more recently it was defined again by aguado et al . ( 2001 ) for the batic cordillera region . it was characterized by two subzones in accordance with reboulet et al . ( 2009 ) . the lower t . hugii subzone was characterized by the presence of taveraidiscus ssp . , barremites boutini , lytoceras obliquestrangulatum ( = protetragonites obliquetsrangulatum ) , hamulina munieri and the last occurrence of d . favrei . the upper psilotissotia colombiana subzone is characterized by p . colombiana , holcodiscus , l . anisoptychum and anahamulina paxillosa .
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parent taxon : lytoceratinae according to m . w . maisch and a . salfinger - maisch 2016
see also arkadiev et al . 2000 , förster 1975 , hoffmann 2010 , sepkoski 2002 , wiedmann 1979 and wright et al . 1996
average measurements ( in mm ) : shell width 9 . 69 , shell diameter 27 . 6
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revised ammonites fauna ( phylloceratids , lytoceratids and aspidoceratids - sutneria species ) from “acanthicum beds” of the hăghimaş mts . ( eastern carpathians – romania ) | grigore dan - urltoken
revised ammonites fauna ( phylloceratids , lytoceratids and aspidoceratids - sutneria species ) from “acanthicum beds” of the hăghimaş mts . ( eastern carpathians – romania )
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contents [ i . introduction ] [ ii . study of pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp . ] [ iii . biostratigraphy ] [ iv . conclusion ] [ bibliographic references ] [ figures ] and . . . [ plates ]
) by a minor revision in the processes of ontogenesis ( retardation of ornamentation - neoteny ) . however , the evolution towards
, implies a
failure
in this process that may possibly be related to parallel changes in environmental conditions . on the other hand , the very closely defined stratigraphic position of
, demonstrates its interest as a biostratigraphic marker : a new bersaci biohorizon is proposed ; it is located between the magnini and the autrani biohorizons .
ammonitinae ; pseudoshasticrioceras ; gassendiceratinae ; upper barremian ; sartousiana zone ; feraudianus subzone ; biozonation ; southeastern france .
nov . sp . ( ammonoidea , gassendiceratinae ) , and new ammonite biohorizon for the upper barremian of southeastern france . -
nov . sp . ( ammonoidea , gassendiceratinae ) , et nouveau biohorizon ammonitique pour le barrémien supérieur du sud - est de la france . -
) par des processus d ' altération de l ' ontogenèse ( retardation de l ' ornementation - néoténie ) . en revanche , l ' évolution vers
, implique une
rupture
de ce processus qui pourrait éventuellement être mise en parallèle avec les variations des conditions environnementales . d ' autre part , la position stratigraphique très précise de
, montrent son intérêt en tant que marqueur biostratigraphique : le nouveau biohorizon à bersaci est proposé ; il est situé entre les biohorizons à magnini et à autrani .
the upper barremian was intensively researched as part of the revision of the hemihoplitidae conducted by one of us ( db ) . many ammonites were collected from levels previously reported as being poor in fossils . some of our results have been published (
) . the continuation of this research in the median levels of the feraudianus subzone ( sartousiana zone ) have resulted in a better understanding of the dynamics of the ammonite faunas . in particular the collection of a large homogeneous sample of specimens of the genus
, and establishes a new biostratigraphic marker . the biochronological framework used for this work ( upper barremian ) is that proposed recently by
, at the different stages of ontogenic development . these stages are defined as follows :
usually restricted to the younger whorls of the shell , the
heberti
type of stage features a sub - octagonal section of the whorls , and a more or less radial ornamentation consisting mostly of simple fine ribs , only slightly differentiated and regularly tri - tuberculated . this developmental stage is named for its occurrence in the taxon
] of which the specimen - type is from a now inaccessible polyzonal bed . the specimen is only the nucleus , 27 mm in diameter , of an indeterminate individual of the hemihoplitidae . indeed , almost all the hemihoplitidae less than 30 mm in diameter show this stage which is so similar in all specimens that speciation is then not possible (
the
barremense
stage is generally distinguishable by an alternation of main tri - tuberculated ribs and of thinner intermediary ribs that are highly variable in appearance and in number . but this
standard
stage differs among the
, by the greater prominence of the interlayer ribs and their lesser number ( see description ) . the name of this stage is derived from
( pl . 4 , fig . 3 ) . this is a fragmentary specimen ( almost 90 mm in diameter ) on which the type - ornament is on the last half - whorl preserved .
. the morphology features a very characteristic oval compressed section with a broad base and flanks converging to a narrow venter . the ribs are less differentiated and blunter than in the previous stage , so peri - umbilical and lateral tubercles are very weak or absent . in contrast , peri - ventral tubercles are very well marked , regular , claviform , and their arrangement flanks the venter in a very characteristic way .
bed - type : bed n° 257 from lac section ( fig . 2 ) .
geographic distribution : pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp . is known to date only in the southeastern france , in both basinal and distal platform areas .
all the specimens from the vocontian basin come from a bed above the magnini biohorizon . this level is taken to be the base of the bersaci biohorizon ( new , this work ) . it is located in the middle part of the feraudianus subzone ( sartousiana zone ) of the upper barremian , between the magnini and autrani biohorizons (
diagnosis : shell weakly uncoiled ; with rapid growth in height , the section always higher than wide . ornamentation always well marked . three successive ontogenic stages are known : ( 1 ) in the inner whorls , a sub - octagonal section (
heberti
stage ) ; ( 2 ) after 25 mm in diameter , the whorls increase in height and the section is compressed further . ornamentation is trituberculated main ribs , with only a few broad intermediary ribs , which join the main ribs at the top of the flanks ( an alternative to the
barremense
stage ) ; ( 3 ) up to 100 mm in diameter , compressed oval section with broader base and sides converging towards the venter . ornamentation blunt with lateral and peri - umbilical tubercles which tend to disappear (
camereiceras
stage ) .
the ornamentation is always well marked and increases slightly quantitatively with greater diameter ( fig . 5 ) . two extremes of morphology with respect to robustness ( covariance ) can be recognized all connected by intermediaries , but that fact does not influence the ontogenic succession . three successive stages can be recognized during growth .
the first observations were made from specimens 15 mm in diameter . this stage is very similar to the
heberti
stage recognizable in most hemihoplitidae and defined above ( see
) . the section is very characteristic , sub - octagonal scarcely taller than wide ; the ornamentation is already very close to that of the next stage , but more regular .
, figs . 1 - 2 ) . the section becomes very characteristic : a compressed oval with a broader base and flanks that converge to the narrow venter . the ornamentation is blunter with the ribs less differentiated and more widely blunt than in the previous stage . the lateral and then the peri - umbilical tubercle gradually disappear . instead , the peri - venter tubercles become more important , because of the widening of the ribs at the top of the flanks , and they are distributed on both sides of the venter in a very characteristic way , rather like that of some representative adults or sub - adults of
the suture line is very difficult to trace in most of our specimens , especially those from the basin ( partial dissolution ) , but it is fairly denticulate and seems to show a trifide lateral lobe , asymmetric and broad - based ( n° em 109 ) .
) on the sonninnidae ( early bajocian ) , that clarified in ammonites the
laws
of covariation based mainly on the relationship between the width of the section and the strength of the ornamentation . since then , numerous studies have demonstrated that
, tab . 1 for a summary ) . overall , the sample studied here is very homogeneous , especially in the succession of its ontogenic stages , but using
' s law
in a more detailed study shows it to be quite variable . thus , two main morphologies are recognized , based on the relative robustness of the ornamentation . but , because of differences in both the mode of preservation and the degree of post mortem compression it is not possible here to demonstrate a correlation between habitat and development of ornamentation as is usually the case . variability in the ornamentation density is quite small and very homogeneous (
) . at most , the forms with a more robust ornamentation tend to have fewer ribs .
in conclusion , the variability in shell and ornament , including all intermediaries , falls within the limits generally accepted for ammonites of the range of variability of a single species .
, fig . 1 ) . this species differs essentially from ours in the duration of the successive stages of ontogeny . the tuberculated stage of the type
barremense
lasts longer and exists in specimens with an average diameter of up to 100 mm rather than 50 mm ( discriminated character ) . the
heberti
type ontogenic stage is a little longer too .
is even smaller than in the type - species . in addition , the stage with a high section of the
camereiceras
type occurs later in the growth of our sample .
) is very different from the specimens studied here , for it has no trace of the tuberculated stage of the
barremense
type , at least to when the diameter is greater than 20 - 25 mm . the ribs are always thinner than those of our specimens .
, is smaller ( around 100 mm in diameter ) and the
barremense
stage , with trituberculated ribs , is smaller than in our specimens ( up to 40 - 55 mm in diameter ) ; also its coiling is narrower .
a comparison of the specimens studied here with other species of the genus shows that the succession of , and especially the duration of , ontogenic stages makes it original morphologically . so we propose the name pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp . to identify it .
at equal diameters , the height of the whorls , and the rapidity of their growth during ontogeny , is always greater .
the ribs are less well differentiated , even at the
barremense
stage . in particular , the intermediate ribs ( rarely totally inermous ) are clearly less numerous and have the same aspect as the main ribs at the upper part of the flank , with the mark of a peri - ventral claviform tubercle .
the peri - umbilical bifurcations of the ribs are more numerous , especially with their very distinctive
v
shape .
nov . sp . , caused mainly by a lengthening of the trituberculated stage . it should be noted that the process appears to be reversed in the
where there is a reduction in the duration of the
barremense
stage over time ( unpublished data ) .
, there is an abrupt reduction in duration of the
barremense
and
camereiceras
stages , and a sudden decrease in the adult size . this
failure
may parallel some extrinsic elements like the contemporary drop in sea level ( sequence boundary sbb4 in
) which preceded the marine transgression at the base of the giraudi biozone . these changes caused the morphological distinctions known among the representatives of the genus
) ; so in the stratotype area ( vocontian basin , southeastern france ) its stratigraphic appearance is in conjunction with its biological appearance . this position and the necessity of establishing a complete high resolution biozone for the barremian (
nov . sp . characterizes the strata immediately above those of the magnini biohorizon . it should be noted that these beds are not distinguishable as such in the historical section of the stratotype near angles , where deposits of this portion of the upper barremian are abnormal ( gaps , faunal concentration ,
) , the thickness of the deposits of the feraudianus subzone increases in the direction of saint - andré - les - alpes , then toward moriez and barrême . in the sections near saint - andré - les - alpes , the first appearance of
status : this biohorizon is defined by the first appearance of its index - species ( bed n° 257 in the lac section , fig . 2 ) , and its upper limit is currently set at the base of the autrani biohorizon ( bed n° 263 in the lac section ) . it is also present in the gry section , near angles .
the index - species , characterized in this work , is generally fairly well represented in the sections . it is associated with the
classic
fauna of the feraudianus subzone (
nov . sp . at a specific level of the ferraudianus subzone provides a biostratigraphic marker which can serve as a new biohorizon for the upper barremian of southeastern france . this new biohorizon is between the magnini and the autrani biohorizons . it is the result of the need for the establishment of the finest possible biostratigraphic framework , to further the study of the different ammonites groups in the upper barremian , and especially the hemihoplitidae (
, morphologically close , and from which it is very probably derived . the stages of ornamentation in these genera do indeed have the same ontogenic organization with the succession of
heberti
,
barremense
and
camereiceras
stages . but there are a number of morphological differences ( coiling , structure of the shell ) and ornamentation ( rarer and less differentiated interlayer ribs , and
v
shaped peri - umbilical bifurcations ) in the successive stages , especially in the
barremense
type .
that distinguish the more recent giraudi biozone . further research is necessary to complete this evolutionary canvas , particularly to clarify certain points relationship between
) . - the south - east france basin ( sfb ) and its mesozoic evolution . -
, grenoble , ( série spéciale
colloques et excursions
) , n° 7 , p . 5 - 28 .
( barrémien supérieur , sud - est de la france ) : conséquence taxinomique et phylétiques . -
) . - propositions pour un nouveau découpage bio - zonal ammonitique , et nouveaux bio - horizons pour le barrémien supérieur . -
) . - a monograph of the ammonites of the inferior oolite series . -
nov . gen . ( ammonoidea , ancyloceratina ) du barrémien supérieur du sud - est de la france . -
) . - les ammonites du barrémien supérieur de saint - laurent de l ' escarène ( alpes - maritimes , sud - est de la france ) . -
) . - les biozones à feraudianus , giraudi et sarasini du barrémien supérieur de la région stratotypique d ' angles - barrême - castellane ( sud - est de la france ) . -
) . - biostratigraphie des faunes d ' ammonites à la limite barrémien - aptien dans la région d ' angles - barrême - castellane . étude particulière de la famille des heteroceratidae ( ancyloceratina , ammonoidea ) . -
) . - biostratigraphie haute résolution du barrémien supérieur du sud - est de la france . -
, paris , ( série ii , sciences de la terre et des planètes ) , t . 325 , p . 689 - 694 .
gen . nov . : un nouveau genre d ' ammonite hétéromorphes du barrémien supérieur du sud - est de la france . -
) - sur un gisement crétacé fossilifère des environs de la gare d ' èze ( alpes - maritimes ) . -
group ( iugs lower cretaceous ammonites working group ) , digne - les - bains ( 2 mai 2007 ) , 14 p .
) . - on the ammonites of the speeton clay and the subdivisions of the neocomian . -
) . - contribution à la connaissance des céphalopodes crétacés du sud - est de la france . note sur les ammonites déroulées du crétacé inférieur vocontien . -
, paris , ( nouvelle série ) , t . xxxviii , mémoire n° 101 , 80 p .
) . - ueber neocom fossilien vom gardenazza in südtirol nebst einen anhang über das neocom von ischl . -
, wien , band 37 , heft 1 , p . 69 - 108 .
, stuttgart , band 124 , heft 3 , p . 289 - 312 .
figure 2 : distribution of the ammonites in the lac section pars ( méouille area , saint - andré - les - alpes , alpes - de - haute - provence ) . in grey are the specimens found in stratigraphically equivalent strata ( outside the main section ) . figure 2 : répartition des faunes dans la coupe lac pars ( secteur de méouille , saint - andré - les - alpes , alpes - de - haute - provence ) . en grisé , les espèces trouvées en place latéralement dans d ' autres coupes , mais dans des niveaux corrélables banc par banc .
figure 3 : representation of h , e and o in function of the diameter ( d ) for pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp . figure 3 : représentation de h , e et o en fonction du diamètre ( d ) pour pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp .
figure 4 : representation of the umbilicus ( o ) in function of whorl height ( h ) for pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp . figure 4 : représentation de l ' ombilic ( o ) en fonction du de la hauteur du tour ( h ) pour pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp .
figure 5 : representation in the number of ribs per half - turn of whorl ( n / 2 ) depending on the diameter ( d ) for pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp . figure 5 : représentation du nombre de côtes par demi - tour de spire ( n / 2 ) en fonction du diamètre ( d ) pour pseudoshasticrioceras bersaci nov . sp .
collection , from the bed lac / 257 , méouille near saint - andré - les - alpes ( alpes - de - haute - provence , france ) .
, banc lac / 257 de méouille près de saint - andré - les - alpes ( alpes - de - haute - provence , france ) .
collection , from the bed 4b4 of the deposit of saint - laurent de l ' escarène ( alpes - maritimes , france ) .
, banc 4b4 de saint - laurent de l ' escarène ( alpes - maritimes , france ) .
collection , from the gap of beds 194b to 196 of the deposit of la grau de moriez ( alpes - de - haute - provence , france ) .
, de l ' intervalle de bancs 194b à 196 de la grau de moriez ( alpes - de - haute - provence , france ) .
collection , from bed lac / 256 , méouille near saint - andré - les - alpes ( alpes - de - haute - provence , france ) .
, banc lac / 256 de méouille près de saint - andré - les - alpes ( alpes - de - haute - provence , france ) .
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► ammonite fauna is described for the first time from the southern alps ( e . g . , dolomites ) . ► a typical mediterranean assemblage was detected . ► ammonite abundance peaks occur in the c . krenkeli zone and the g . sartousiana zone . ► hauterivian is dominated by pseuthurmannia – crioceratites – plesiospitidiscus , barremian by kotetishvilia – melchorites – silesites . ► ammonite abundances are clearly linked to sea - level changes from late hauterivian to mid late barremian times .
lower cretaceous pelagic to hemipelagic sediments cover relatively small , restricted areas in the higher dolomites ( southern alps ) . in the southern alps , cephalopod - bearing deposits are mainly recorded in two different facies ( lukeneder , 2010 ) , the calcareous limestones of the biancone formation ( = maiolica formation in the appenines ; see weissert , 1981 ) and the more marly puez formation ( lukeneder , 2010 ) .
the stratigraphy of the lower cretaceous puez area is based on microfossils , nannofossils and ammonites ( lukeneder and aspmair , 2006 , lukeneder , 2010 ) , but a detailed ammonite biostratigraphy and zonation was still missing because ammonites have not been collected bed - by - bed over the last 150 years . this paper presents the results of the systematic ammonite sampling at the puez section and concludes with a detailed ammonite zonation of that locality . the mediterranean character of the ammonite fauna is comparable to numerous lower cretaceous east - central european ( czech republic , france , hungary , slovakia , spain ) , eastern europe ( bulgaria , rumania ) and african ( algeria , morocco ) localities .
) . the grey , green to red succession of the puez formation is located on the southern side of the piz de puez .
locality map of the lower cretaceous puez area . a , puez area ( white star ) and indicated outcrop position ( p1 ) within the dolomites ( south . tyrol , italy ) . b , position of the puez locality on the trento plateau . c , east–west transect of the lower cretaceous plateau–basinal sequence of the south alpine region .
) . bed - by - bed collecting and a systematic - taxonomic study provide the basic data for statistical analysis of the investigated ammonite fauna . the material was collected over the last 3 years within the fwf project
- n10 and is stored in the south tyrol museum of natural sciences and the natural history museum in vienna . the preservation of the ammonites is fair ( mostly compressed steinkerns without shell ) and represents almost the totality of the macrofauna ( 96 % ) . some specimens show partly preserved suture lines . during this study , approximately 1209 ammonites , 6 nautilids , 10 lamellaptychi , 6 belemnites , 150 sea urchins , 40 bivalves , 39 brachiopods , and abundant encrusting species ( bivalves , corals , serpulids ;
. nhmv natural history museum vienna , nmb south tyrol museum of natural sciences . all ammonite specimens in
were coated with ammonium chloride before photographing . the basic classification of cretaceous ammonoidea by
ammonite assemblage from the puez locality . ancyloceratina within the log ( left ) and the ammonite zonation indicated . upper hauterivian beds shaded in dark grey and barremian in light grey . ammonite occurrences and ranges marked by solid black circles . bold horizontal line , stage boundary ; dashed horizontal lines , zonal boundaries ; dotted horizontal lines , subzonal boundaries .
the ammonite species and resulting ammonite zones indentified herein for the puez formation allow a correlation of the hauterivian and barremian strata at the puez locality with the recent standard zonation ( reboulet et al . , 2009 ) . the ammonite zonation established by the cretaceous ammonite working group ( “kilian group” ) at the international meeting on lower cretaceous ammonite zonation in vienna ( reboulet et al . , 2009 ) is followed . earlier zonations by hoedemaeker , 1990 , rawson et al . , 1999 , hoedemaeker and rawson , 2000 , hoedemaeker et al . , 2003 and reboulet et al . ( 2006 ) have been considered for correlation of former and recent literature zonations . if a particular zonal index ammonite is absent the zonal boundary is interpreted by comparison with faunas that characterize the zone elsewhere .
ammonite assemblage from the puez locality . phylloceratina , lytoceratina , ammonitina within the log ( left ) and the ammonite zonation indicated . upper hauterivian beds shaded in dark grey and barremian in light grey . ammonite occurrences and ranges marked by solid black circles . bold horizontal line , stage boundary ; dashed horizontal lines , zonal boundaries ; dotted horizontal lines , subzonal boundaries .
upper hauterivian–upper barremian abundance data of the ammonite families from the puez locality . upper hauterivian beds shaded in dark grey and barremian in light grey . note different scales .
) . not every standard zone or subzone could be detected at the locality using index ammonite species .
zone , which is characterized by the range of the index species . the uppermost subzone within the
subzone , could not be determined so far based on the zonal index ammonite . its base is tentatively located at the base of bed p1 / 44 (
zone display relatively low numbers of species per bed from one to four . the same numbers are shown in families per bed , with lower numbers in the lower parts increasing to the top of the zone (
subzone . the minimum is located in the lowermost parts of the zone with one . the evaluation of biodiversity calculated from the ratio between number of species vs . number of individuals per species , the shannon index , shows a mean value for the
zone of 0 . 84 ( min . 0 . 5 , max . 1 . 8 ; beds with no specimens excluded ) . this indicates a low species richness and low evenness in their abundance (
discussion . company et al . ( 2003 ) reported a more intense ammonite diversification and increased abundance in several ammonite groups for upper hauterivian faunas within the zone from the betic cordillera compared to the subzones below ( e . g . , c . balearis and c . binelli subzones ) . the data provided by company et al . ( 2003 ) broadly correlate with the data presented herein and show that the c . krenkeli zone is characterized by the occurrence of the index ammonites c . krenkeli , crioceratites majoricensis , a . jourdani , n . subgrasianum , p . subdifficilis , a . neumayri , p . guerianianum , d . vermeuleni , l . subfimbriatum , p . tethys , p . winkleri and p . infundibulum .
the same faunal compositions were shown by fözy and janssen , 2009 , fözy and janssen , 2006 within their crioceratites / pseudothurmannia assemblage for the b . balearis zone from the gerecse mountains in hungary . the b . balearis zone embraces , according to these authors , phylloceras infundibulum ( = phyllopachyceras infundibulum ) , phylloceras sp . , lytoceras sp . , plesiospitidiscus spp . and typically crioceratite s sp . accompanied by c . krenkeli . the same condition can be recognized in the more southwestern bakony mountains of hungary ( fözy and janssen , 2006 ) with p . tethys , p . infundibulum , p . winkleri , l . subfimbriatum , neolissoceras grasianum , abrytusites ssp . , p . subdifficilis , c . krenkeli , p . radians , silesites ssp . and discoidellia favrei . this assemblage is equivalent to the fauna corresponding to the interval of the b . balearis zone ( c . krenkeli subzone ) and “ p . ohmi ” zone at puez .
equivalent “ pseudothurmannia beds” were detected by vašíček et al . ( 1994 ) in silesian units of the western carpathians , showing the same dominance in pseudothurmannia . these beds are herein assumed to be equivalent to the b . belearis and “ p . ohmi ” zones ( = euptychoceras borzai and c . binelli zones in vašíček et al . , 1994 ) .
autran ( 1993 ) reported faunas from the upper hauterivian of the castellane region ( southeast france ) by referring to ammonite zonations as h6 ( b . balearis zone ; see busnardo , 1984 ) and h7 ( p . ohmi zone ) . h6 was characterized by the assemblage of p . infundibulum , l . subfimbriatum , acrioceras sp . , plesiospitidiscus ssp . , paraspiticeras sp . , m . doubleri and p . favrei ( = d . favrei ) .
upper hauterivian faunas from the historic veveyse de châtel section ( “ultrahelvétique des préalpes externs” ) in switzerland were reinvestigated by busnardo et al . ( 2003 ) . the fauna of the equivalent b . balearis zone comprises p . tethys , p . infundibulum , p . winkleri , l . subfimbriatum , lytoceras sp . and plesiospitidiscus spp . the upper boundary of the comparable b . balearis zone at puez could not be attributed to a single bed and is tentatively located within bed p1 / 47 .
reported two different and specifiable pseudothurmannid assemblages for the south carpathian region around sviniţa . the lower one is with
zone . the accompanying lytoceratid and phylloceratid faunas are equivalent in both areas , i . e . , sviniţa and puez .
auct . zone ) could not be determined based on the index ammonite . the lower boundary of the “
” zone at puez has not yet been fixed to a single bed . it is tentatively located at the base of bed p1 / 47 (
” subzone has so far not been determined using the index ammonite . its base is tentatively located at bed p1 / 47 and its upper boundary is assigned to be at the top of the last bed before the overlying
subzone . bed p1 / 86 therefore tentatively marks the upper boundary of the hauterivian .
” zone display numbers of species per bed from one to nine . thirteen families occur within the zone with numbers per bed from zero to ten , with highest values in the
” subzone with six families per subzone . the shannon index shows a mean value for the “
” zone of 1 . 6 ( min . 0 . 6 , max . 2 . 6 ; beds with no specimens excluded ) . this indicates a higher species richness ( e . g . , twice ) than is seen in the
fözy and janssen , 2009 , fözy and janssen , 2006 reported from the “ p . ohmi ” zone in the gerecse mountains in hungary similar faunas to those of puez , dominated by p . infundibulum , phylloceras sp . , lytoceras sp . , plesiospitidiscus spp . , anahmulina sp . and “ p . ohmi ” .
similar to the first appearance of d . favrei at puez within the p . mortilleti subzone , vermeulen ( 2002 ) reported first appearances of d . favrei and psilotissotia sp . at angles ( barremian stratotype ; alpes de haut - prevence , southeast france ) from the same subzone , and additional occurrences within the p . picteti subzone .
equivalent faunas were reported from upper hauterivian sections of río argos section in southeast spain by hoedemaeker ( 1994 ) . he reported assemblages with p . tethys , p . winkleri , l . subfimbriatum , n . subgrasianum , d . favrei , p . mortilleti , “ p . catulloi ” , p . subdifficilis , c . krenkeli and first appearances of l . densibfimbriatum , p . crebrisulcatus , s . vulpes , paraspiticeras spp . and h . thiollierei ( hoedemaeker’s emericiceras thiollierei ) at the top of hoedemaeker’s “ pseudothurmannia catulloi ” zone ( = top of p . picteti zone in reboulet et al . , 2009 ) . according to klein et al . ( 2007 ) , honnoratia honnoratiana and h . thiollierei are the same species ; hence , h . thiollierei is the senior synonym and has priority . h . thiollierei and paraspiticeras first occur at puez within the p . mortilleti zone .
upper hauterivian sequences were reported by barga et al . ( 1982 ) from the jaén province ( betic cordillera ) , comprising similar components to those of puez with p . mortilleti , a . tabarelli and first appearances of d . favrei ( = p . favrei in barga et al . , 1982 ) within their “ p . angulicostata ” , which is now in parts equivalent to the “ p . ohmi ” auct . zone and the p . mortilleti zone of reboulet et al . ( 2009 ) . c . krenkeli occurs a few metres below this level in their “ p . ligatus ” zone , which corresponds to the upper part of the b . balearis zone ( i . e . , c . krenkeli subzone ) of reboulet et al . ( 2009 ) .
vašíček ( 1994 ) reported d . favrei ( = vašíček’s p . favrei ) from the p . angulicostata zone of the western carpathians ( czech republic and slovakia ) , which is equivalent to the more recently established “ p . ohmi ” zone ( reboulet et al . , 2009 ) . vašíček’s d . favrei derives most probably from the p . mortilleti subzone because he gave the exact range of the appearance of his p . mortilleti ( = p . catulloi ) . this agrees with the occurrence at puez .
in southeast france the main occurrences of a . tabarelli were reported by thomel et al . ( 1990 ) to be lower barremian , starting from the basal barremian . at puez the occurrence appears to be somewhat earlier within the p . picteti subzone . a . tabarelli co - occurs in both areas with d . favrei . clavel et al . ( 2010 ) reported simlar faunal components from the upper hauterivian of southeast france with p . picteti and p . pseudomalbosi , plesiospitidiscus sp . and a . neumayri . busnardo et al . ( 2003 ) reinvestigated and collected numerous faunas from the uppermost hauterivian from the historic veveyse de châtel section in switzerland . the fauna of the equivalent “ p . ohmi ” auct . zone ( = p . angulicostata auct . zone of busnardo et al . , 2003 ) zone comprises p . tethys , p . infundibulum , l . subfimbriatum , lytoceras sp . , plesiospitidiscus spp . , p . guerinianum , the first abrytusites sp . , hamulina sp . , sabaudiella simplex , p . mortilleti ( = parathurmannia mortilleti after busnardo et al . ( 2003 ) ) , as well as the first d . favrei and h . thiollierei ( = h . honnoratiana after busnardo et al . ( 2003 ) ) . the index ammonite p . angulicostata co - occurs .
zones ( see discussion ) . the ammonite zonal boundaries are therefore given tentatively (
auct . zone , the lowermost zone of the lower barremian , is marked by an increasing number of members of the family desmoceratidae . this family shows first appearances of
auct . zone display numbers of species per bed from three to five . eight families occur within the zone with numbers per bed from zero to six , with highest values in lowermost and uppermost parts (
auct . zone of 1 . 6 ( min . 1 . 1 , max . 2 . 1 ; beds with no specimens excluded ) . this indicates a comparable species richness as seen in the uppermost hauterivian “
discussion . the t . hugii auctorum zone is subdivided into a t . hugii auct . subzone and an upper psilotissotia colombiana subzone ( reboulet et al . , 2009 ) . rawson ( 1996 ) defined this zone and the first occurrence of t . hugii as the base of the barremian stage . p . colombiana was considered as an index species of the zone ( vermeulen , 1996 ) . a detailed discussion on the zone is given by company et al . ( 2008 ) .
lowermost barremian faunas from the veveyse de châtel section in switzerland ( busnardo et al . , 2003 ) comprise faunal equivalents of the puez t . hugii zone with p . tethys , p . infundibulum , l . subfimbriatum ; in the lowermost beds the last plesiospitidiscus and abrytusites specimens occur . h . thiollierei shows the last occurrence in the lowermost t . hugii beds .
the k . nicklesi zone extends from the bottom of bed p1 / 95 up to the top of bed p1 / 104 . the overall situation and assemblage composition is a continuation of the underlying t . hugii auct . zone in that it shows desmoceratidae with numerous specimens of barremites sp . and m . cassidoides . silesitidae appear with further specimens of silesites sp . hamulinidae occur with anahamulina sp . the phylloceratidae are characterized by the first appearance of p . ponticuli and more specimens of p . infundibulum . lytoceratidae first occur as p . crebrisulcatus at the top of the zone .
zone display numbers of species per bed from zero to three . six families occur within the zone with numbers per bed from zero to five , with highest values in the uppermost parts (
zone of 2 . 8 ( min . 0 . 0 , max . 2 . 8 ; single bed with ammonites ) . this indicates a strongly encreased species richness as seen in the
n ) at the top of the zone . the family acrioceratidae occurs with the first specimens of
zone display numbers of species per bed from one to six . families occur within the zone with numbers per bed from zero to three , the highest numbers being in the uppermost parts (
zone of 1 . 3 ( min . 0 . 9 , max . 1 . 6 ; beds with no specimens excluded ) . this indicates a somewhat lowered species richness as seen in the uppermost barremian
discussion . the base of the n . pulchella zone is defined by the first occurrence of n . pulchella ( company et al . , 2008 ) . in accordance with hoedemaeker et al . ( 2003 ) the n . pulchella horizon was elevated to the rank of a zone . the n . pulchellia zone also replaces the upper part of the k . nicklesi zone ( hoedemaeker and rawson , 2000 ) .
comparable to the puez section , the n . pulchella zone described by fözy and janssen , 2009 , fözy and janssen , 2006 from the gerecse mountains are typical , with k . nicklesi ( determined as subpulchellia nicklesi in fözy and janssen , 2009 , fözy and janssen , 2006 ) and n . pulchella . the assemblage is dominated by the first species , but numerous silesites sp . , frequent holcodiscus ssp . and the first ocurrences of the genus barremites were reported . the correlatable interval largely lacks ammonites and is not , therefore , yet defined at the puez locality .
the last specimens of e . thiollierei occur together with a . subcincta and silesites vulpes in the lower parts of the n . pulchella zone at angles ( southeast france ; vermeulen , 2002 ) . the n . pulchella zone is dominated in the western high atlas of morocco by the index ammonite n . pulchella accompanied by members such as a . tabarelli , paraspiticeras sp . , hamulinites sp . , lytoceras sp . and p . ponticuli along with forms such as d . cf . potieri , the first specimens of m . nodosum and still frequent t . barremensis , which is replaced towards the top by t . suessi ( company et al . , 2008 ) .
zone extends from the bottom of bed p1 / 112 up to the top of bed p1 / 118 . the ammonite assemblage is quite similar to the underlying
zone but more numerous in species and specimens . the family desmoceratidae is represented by
h ) is the first member of macroscaphitidae to occur in the uppermost part of the zone . the topmost part of the
zone display numbers of species per bed from three to seven . nine families occur within the zone with numbers per bed from zero to eight , the highest values being in the upper half (
zone of 1 . 6 ( min . 0 . 7 , max . 2 . 3 ; beds with no specimens excluded ) . the values indicate a lowering of species richness and a low evenness in their abundance compared to those of the
discussion . the k . compressissima and moutoniceras moutonianum zones were established after a proposal by company et al . ( 1995 ) and replaced the top part of the k . nicklesi zone and the holcodiscus caillaudianus zone ( hoedemaeker and rawson , 2000 ) . after reboulet et al . ( 2009 ) this zone is divided into the holcodiscus fallax , nicklesia didayana , heinzia communis and subtorcapella defayae horizons ( company et al . , 1995 , company et al . , 2008 , vermeulen , 2003 , vermeulen , 2007a , vermeulen , 2007b , vermeulen and klein , 2006 ) .
delanoy and joly ( 1995 ) and joly ( 2000 ) reported p . ponticuli ( as a typical member of upper barremian ammonite assemblages but rare in lower barremian ) at puez with the first appearance of p . ponticuli in the k . compressissima subzone .
aguado et al . ( 1992 ) described barremian faunas from the subbetic domain in the betic cordillera , characterizing the subpulchellia compressissima zone ( = k . compressissima ) by the index ammonite k . compressissima , subpulchellia nicklesi ( = k . nicklesi of the recent k . nicklesi zone ; reboulet et al . , 2009 ) , n . pulchella ( index for the recent n . pulchella zone ; reboulet et al . , 2009 ) , subpulchellia brevicostata ( k . brevicostata ) , h . perezianus and h . caillaudianus .
at angles ( southeast france ) , first k . changarnieri occur in the stratotype in the uppermost k . compressissima zone in the lower s . defayae horizon ( = s . defayae subzone after vermeulen , 2002 ) . macroscaphites , costidiscus and e . phestum seem to originate in the k . compressissima zone at the puez locality .


amphitorna submontana is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it was described by holloway in 1976 .

it is found on borneo , where it has been recorded from the lowlands of brunei , as well as at altitudes of about 1,600 meters on the slopes of mount kinabalu .

amphitorna submontana

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a species with similar facies but distinct male genitalia ( slide 2060 ) flies in peninsular malaysia and sumatra ( zsm ) .
the species is infrequent , recorded both in the lowlands of brunei and at around 1600m on the slopes of g . kinabalu .
the antennae of this and the next species are broadly bipectinate in both sexes , and the hooking of the hindwing margin and forewing postmedial is less extreme than in excisa , that of the postmedial rather more quadrate in the next species , a slightly paler , browner insect . the facies of perexcisa is more purplish on the upperside and reddish rather than ochreous yellow on the underside , but the two species can only reliably be distinguished from the genitalia .
only two bornean specimens have been seen , males from samarinda in the lowlands of kalimantan and from 1618m on bukit retak in brunei .
both bornean members of the genus have its characteristic facies , but in melanapex inoue the anterior border to the forewing medial hyaline zone is narrower and more angular , and the forewing apex and two central teeth of the hindwing margin are tipped black . identity should be confirmed by dissection in worn specimens .
the original material consisted of six specimens from 1620m and 1930m on g . kinabalu . a singleton has been taken at 1000m ( lower montane forest ) on g . mulu , two specimens at the same altitude at kundasang on the southern side of g . kinabalu , and one at 1465m on bukit retak in brunei .
this is the smallest species , with antennae narrowly laminate as distinct from strongly bipectinate in the other two . the hindwing is deeply excavate posterior to the marginal hook , and the angle of the forewing postmedial is also very strongly hooked .
the only bornean specimens are the holotype , from penungah in sabah , and one taken by t . w . harman from kampong kapok in the vicinity of mangrove forest in brunei .
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dulcedo is a neotropical butterfly genus from the subfamily satyrinae in the family nymphalidae .

the genus is monotypic : its sole species is dulcedo polita , which occurs from nicaragua to colombia .

dulcedo

prime models , dulcedo is probably the only good agency in quebec ' s province .
i gotta say tho . . . i ' m kind of biased when it comes to rating dulcedo . . .
dulcedo d ' almeida , 1951 ; archos zool . são paulo 7 ( 10 ) : 501 ; ts : haetera polita hewitson
dulcedo agency is constantly searching for new models and talent to represent locally and internationally as one of the top players in the fashion industry . dulcedo has put an emphasis on the personal approach to assure an easy transition for each and every model into the business .
celebrities | dulcedo | a management agency representing models , artists and social media stars for fashion , editorial , advertising and commercial bookings .
dulcedo polita ; [ bcr ] : 262 , pl . 47 ; [ bow ] : pl . 57 , f . 9 ; [ eob ] , 145 ; [ ecul ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 514
as a growing online management company that is young and active , we are always on the lookout for new emerging talent . dulcedo is looking for talented interns ready to join our team ! what for ? first , to brainstorm with the team on friday mornings . second , to produce videos and apply what you’ve learned in school – but with cooler assignments 😉 also , to assist and work in collaboration with the rest of the dulcedo team .
at this point , dulcedo is looking for talented interns to join our digital influencer division team for the summer . what for ? to join an exciting team and to apply what you’ve learned in school – but with cooler assignments . last but not the least , to assist and work in collaboration with the rest of the dulcedo team – which includes a groovy team leader , a sweet pr manager , a fashionable booking team and a hilarious team of creatives .
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at dulcedo management , we won’t ask you to climb a rigid career ladder , but we will ask you to climb intellectual mountains . we are canada’s fastest growing talent & artist management firm , and notably one its most prestigious . we achieved this because of our vision and because of our team . at the core of our business we are managers for models , talents , artists and stars - there’s a sense of pride that comes from helping to build one of the most important parts of our clients’ lives , their careers . there’s definitely something special about dulcedo - we hope you can contribute to that something special with us . if you’re interested in working with us , send us your cv or simply email us at hr @ urltoken to learn more .
what is it like to be a social media coordinator at dulcedo ? you will have the opportunity to work with a very cool team covering projects of national and internationally renowned clients and brands . your role will be to execute social media strategies , create and publish contents over various digital and social media platforms , oversee and analyze the engagements and to participate in the implementation of inbound social media strategies .
as a model scout , it is your job to find them and introduce them to our world . your eyes ? always open . your taste ? impeccable . we see hundreds of people on a daily basis , which means you will constantly have to be on the lookout for prospects . whether on the street or at the mall , you will have to have the charisma to approach and introduce yourself to montreal’s most beautiful faces , a dream job for many . confidence , charm and outgoingness are a must . the ideal candidate is also alert and reliable , with bilingualism being a valuable asset . whether you’re already an established member of the fashion community or just looking to get started , we want you ! working as a dulcedo scout is the perfect stepping stone to a wide variety of fashion industry careers , with networking opportunities aplenty .
haetera polita hewitson , 1869 ; equat . lepid . buckley ( 3 ) : 34 ; tl : nicaragua
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
biologia centrali - americana . rhopalocera . vol . 1 . ( 1879 - 1886 )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
we consider models that are at least 5a��8″ to 6a��0″ , with reasonable exceptions . models must be height and weight proportionate to agency standards , healthy in appearance with clear skin and healthy hair .
male models should be at least 5a��11″ to 6a��3″ in height . we look for healthy individuals who wear a jacket size of 38 - 42 . male models must be in shape but not oversized .
all submissions are reviewed on photographic potential . the second step is a pre - selection interview based in personality and professionalism . fill in our online application form , and include your pictures using the form or by postal mail . all we need are some recent digital snapshots or polaroid with clean hair , no make up and simple clothes . if you are under the age of 18 you must have a parent or legal guardiana��s approval . please note ; the only way to apply is to submit your application using our online form .
if you are interested and have the experience we are looking for , please email your resume to scouts @ urltoken please include your name and the position you are applying for in the subject line . we thank all applicants in advance for your interest ; only those selected for an interview will be contacted .
ideally , have a portfolio to show his / her experience . ( or be ready to talk about it )
if you are interested and have the experience we are looking for , please email your resume to internships @ urltoken please include your name and the position you are applying for in the subject line . we thank all applicants in advance for your interest ; only those selected for an interview will be contacted .
it’s definitely a web 2 . 0 communication role , incorporating online tools and in - person networking to create relationships and ultimately build the company’s brand , both online and off .
while every day as a community manager is different , this is what the role may include .
you are a content and visual creator at core with great skills in curation of content .
have acquired a dec or bachelor’s degree in communications , fashion marketing or any other relevant field .
you will act as right hand to our administrative assistant and help execute day to day operations from our offices .
our administrative department is looking for a kick - ass intern to keep this creative chaos all together . as a growing and leading modeling agency , we are looking for a team player with a positive attitude who’s not afraid of doing the impossible to make it happen ! you are resourceful , street smart & don’t mind helping with spray painting job ( we have this thing to turn everything # fromstaplestogold )
you’ll be the first contact when the door opens in the office . you have to welcome the models , applicants & clients with a smile .
you’ll be in charge of the print shop – scan & print the images & order the compcards . you’ll need to get the material print on time for the model’s casting because they are always last minute and this industry is going fast fast fast . you gonna make sure every models have everything they need ( even the things they don’t know they need ! )
everyday is different : you might go run errands to staples , order flowers for a birthday , send champagne bottles overseas , hand write thank you cards , pick the songza playlist … .
you’ll be the one bringing the good ( but also the bad ) news to the applicants . you’ll need to be very graceful
you’ll have one post to write on our blog every week about our highlights .
you’ll do things that you haven’t learn at school . you’ll gain strong business relationships with top key people in the fashion & advertising industry .
note : it’s not a glamorous industry . you gonna get all our respect if you are able to do this job in heels . but let’s be honest - we all collect sneakers here .
as a growing online management company that is young and active , we are always on the lookout for new emerging talent .
have a degree or studying in related field ( pr / marketing / business / communi cations , preferably master ) .
if you are interested and have the experience we are looking for , please email your resume to annie @ urltoken please include your name and the position you are applying for in the subject line . we thank all applicants in advance for your interest ; only those selected for an interview will be contacted .
ally . one more important thing i lov . e about this noble agency is their wiliness to give opportunit
great page ! ! ! ! i love the way the models have all been portrayed .
how do i go about sending a portfolio to yall . being a model has always been my dream but havent been able to afford the schooling can you please help me to get started ?
hello . my friend would like to send his portfolio or resume to you ' r model agncy . can you receive this propouse ? his is from ukraine .
is a bite - sized , colorful form of confectionery with a hard outer shell—which is often used for another purpose ( e . g . decorative , symbolic , medicinal , etc . ) in addition to consumption purely for enjoyment .
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cryptocheilus is a genus of spider wasps of the subfamily pepsinae , they are found in the world 's warmer regions .

they vary in size from medium to large and are often strikingly coloured .

the females construct muticellular nests in cavities , once built each cell is stocked with a spider , captured by the female .

they are found in open habitats such as heaths , meadows and forest edges .

there are 24 species of cryptocheilus known from europe , 6 from north america and 2 recently described from the neotropics .

cryptocheilus

unknown looks like cryptocheilus bicolor ? if not must be a close relative . i can ' t find reference to cryptocheilus bicolor near melbourne .
male polymorphism in some old world species of cryptocheilus panzer ( hymenoptera : pompilidae ) .
you selected cryptocheilus variegatus manchurianus ( yasumatsu , 1935 ) . this is a synonym for :
the method of cryptocheilus is a refined process during which the wasp first stings the spider between its poison fangs and then stings it again near the junction of the cephalothorax and abdomen . this produces complete immobility . pompilus , on the other hand , has a less refined sting . it…
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b6dadb8b - 4a57 - 0a25 - e044 - 00144f3b4a43
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 587466
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animal , ( kingdom animalia ) , any of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms ( i . e . , as distinct from…
one of our largest pompilids , and until recently , regarded as one of our rarest .
modern records are almost entirely confined to coastal sites in south - west england and the heaths of dorset and the new forest , hampshire . the number of recent records from dorset is particularly encouraging . it appears to have disappeared from south - east england , though there is a recent record for pamber forest ( north hampshire ) .
this species is listed in the red data book ( shirt 1987 ) as rare ( rdb3 ) and provisionally upgraded to vulnerable ( prdb2 ) in falk ( 1991 ) . work for this atlas has revealed that it is more widespread than previously thought .
the wasp utilises a variety of habitats including coastal landslips and unimproved cliff tops , sandy heathland and sandpits .
the nest cells are mostly provisioned with large web - building spiders such as agelena and tegenaria ( both agelenidae ) and amaurobius ( amaurobiidae ) , though gnaphosids and lycosids are also reported .
the nesting habits have been described by richards and hamm ( 1939 ) and day ( 1988 ) . multi - celled nests are made in existing cavities . in poland , this species has been observed nesting in july in the burrows of small mammals , especially moles . these burrows acted as entrance chambers for the cells , which were excavated near to one another ( though not actually joined ) . the female is very faithful to her nest , and is difficult to drive away . she uses the chamber for shelter during bad weather and at night . similar observations have been made in central france .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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1st pix was on sunday . . hunting . . . would not let me get side on to it , 2nd and 3rd tues arvo . . . . . dinner . . . .
an orange spider wasp dragging a large spider across the path to the grassy area .
a large and intimidating wasp with dramatic colours which targets large spiders as prey . this one was rummaging around in ghania ( swordgrass ) and refused to give me a good view of it ' s abdomen . i believe the abdomen can vary somewhat with the amount of black or orange banding .
spider - hunting wasp with prey . pulled it along ground and down crack in clay pictured in 2nd photo . they are often seen flying / patrolling just above the ground . id by ken walker .
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this page contains pictures and information about orange spider wasps that we found in the brisbane area , queensland , australia .
on oct 2011 in jc trotter memorial park , we saw a pair of very large orange spider wasps flying passing by . we quickly took the about photo . this spider wasp look a bit different with the two species above with its forewing tip slightly darken .
the above picture shows the wasp just came out from a hole ( could be a spider hole ) with empty hand . we found that they are active on early summer . they build burrow nest in soil . this spider wasp is a predator of
. - spider wasp , hornet - insects of townsville , australia - graeme cocks , 2004 .
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this video is no longer available because the uploader has closed their youtube account .
costa , a . 1886 ,
pompilidea
, ed . costa , a . , fauna del regno di napoli ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo regno e le acque che le bagnano e descrizione de ' nuovi o poco esattemente conosciuti con figure ricevute de originali viventi e dipinte al naturale , pp . pp . 67–69 , imenotteri aculeati , gaetano sautto , napoli
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 0ab5081e - fc25 - 41a2 - b083 - 88b314a4667f
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 064d0f1b - 217f - 4c4a - a4bc - c24b0e848344
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 585541
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c25e1 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c277b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322d9966 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32348aaa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3239fe53 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 33e205ac - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
kroupa a . s . , lohrmann v . , pulawski w . j . & schmid - egger c . ( 2018 ) . hymis : hymenoptera information system ( version jul 2017 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 70ab52d3 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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academic journal offprint from : - zoological journal . vol . 80 , part 1 , 1984 .
academic journal offprint from : - zoological journal . vol . 80 , part 1 , 1984 . , 1984 . 18pp , 5 figs , printed card cover , vgc ,
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taxa with small populations that are not at present endangered or vulnerable , but are at risk . ( in gb , this was interpreted as species which exist in fifteen or fewer 10km squares ) . superseded by new iucn categories in 1994 , but still applicable to lists that have not been reviewed since 1994 .
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a review of the scarce and threatened bees , wasps and ants of great britain . , version 2
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the yellow-cheeked tit ( machlolophus spilonotus ) is a species of bird in the family paridae .

the yellow-cheeked tit was formerly one of the many species in the genus parus but was moved to machlolophus after a molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2013 showed that the members of the new genus formed a distinct clade .

yellow - cheeked tit

select an image : 1 . yellow - cheeked tit 2 . yellow - cheeked tit 3 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 4 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 5 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 6 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 7 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 8 . yellow - cheeked tit 9 . yellow - cheeked tit 10 . yellow - cheeked tit 11 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult carrying nesting material 12 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult carrying nesting material 13 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 14 . yellow - cheeked tit 15 . yellow - cheeked tit 16 . yellow - cheeked tit 17 . yellow - cheeked tit 18 . yellow - cheeked tit 19 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 20 . yellow - cheeked tit 21 . yellow - cheeked tit 22 . yellow - cheeked tit > > juvenile 23 . yellow - cheeked tit > > juvenile 24 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 25 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 26 . yellow - cheeked tit 27 . yellow - cheeked tit > > male 28 . yellow - cheeked tit > > male 29 . yellow - cheeked tit > > male singing 30 . yellow - cheeked tit > > male 31 . yellow - cheeked tit > > male with prey 32 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 33 . yellow - cheeked tit 34 . yellow - cheeked tit 35 . yellow - cheeked tit 36 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult male 37 . yellow - cheeked tit 38 . yellow - cheeked tit 39 . yellow - cheeked tit > > female with prey 40 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult male 41 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 42 . yellow - cheeked tit 43 . yellow - cheeked tit 44 . yellow - cheeked tit 45 . yellow - cheeked tit > > male with prey 46 . yellow - cheeked tit 47 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 48 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 49 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult 50 . yellow - cheeked tit 51 . yellow - cheeked tit 52 . yellow - cheeked tit 53 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult male 54 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult male 55 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult male 56 . yellow - cheeked tit > > adult male 57 . yellow - cheeked tit > > juvenile 58 . yellow - cheeked tit > > juvenile 59 . yellow - cheeked tit > > juvenile 60 . yellow - cheeked tit > > male
chinese yellow - cheeked tit , parus spilonotus , also known as the yellow - cheeked tit , the black - spotted yellow tit , or the chinese yellow tit , photographed in hong kong , china .
the yellow - cheeked tit is resident in its range , but it usually performs altitudinal movements in winter .
description : this oriental tit shows prominent crest and contrasted colours . the yellow - cheeked tit occurs in montane forests from the himalaya to vietnam .
flight : the yellow - cheeked tit performs an undulating flight as other parus species , and short flights with rapid wing - beats .
range : the yellow - cheeked tit is found in bangladesh , bhutan , china , hong kong , india , laos , burma , nepal , thailand and vietnam .
the yellow - cheeked tit is often confiding and fairly tame . it is noisy as other paridae species , due to the social behaviour when they are foraging together .
protection / threats / status : the yellow - cheeked tit can be locally common to rare according to the range . the populations of this species are not currently threatened .
diet : the yellow - cheeked tit feeds on invertebrates and larvae , spiders , buds , some fruits and berries . it forages at low and mid - level of forest trees , and often in mixed groups outside the breeding season .
13·5–15·5 cm ; 18–23 g . medium - sized to large size tit with erect black crest and eyestripe and yellow cheeks . male nominate race has forehead and . . .
urltoken urltoken yellow - cheeked tit ( parus spilonotus ) is a species of bird in the paridae family . it is found in bangladesh , bhutan , china , hong kong , india , laos , burma , nepal , thailand , and vietnam . its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .
behaviour : the yellow - cheeked tit feeds on small invertebrates and larvae , spiders , buds and some fruits and berries . this bird is often seen in pairs or in small family groups . outside the breeding season , they forage in large flocks with other tits and small timaliidae species . it forages at lower and mid - level of forest trees , but also in shrubs , bushes and undergrowth .
yellow - flanked whistler ( hylocitrea ) is related to the waxwings , not whistlers ( spellman et al . 2008 )
response : this is a rather wet adult chinese yellow - cheeked tit , parus spilonotus . this species lives in moist tropical deciduous or mixed forests from the himalayas to vietnam . it also pops up in gardens . it is a member of the paridae ( the tits , chickadees , and titmice ) . like most of parids , this species is noisy and tame as it feeds on insects , larvae , buds and berries .
gosler , a . & clement , p . ( 2018 ) . yellow - cheeked tit ( machlolophus spilonotus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
habitat : the yellow - cheeked tit breeds between 800 and 3000 metres of elevation according to the range . this species frequents montane forest , open temperate and deciduous or mixed forest with oak , pine and rhododendron , secondary forest , wooded cultivation’s edges , plantations and areas with scattered trees . in some parts of the range , it can be found in evergreen hill forest and large gardens . this species is seen at lower level during the non - breeding season .
resequenced : yellow - bellied fantail is a close relative of the fairy flycatcher ( stenostiridae ) ( nyari et al . 2009 , fuchs et al . 2009 )
reproduction : the breeding season occurs between late february and mid - august . the yellow - cheeked tit nests in tree hole , rarely in walls or rocky banks . the nest is built inside the cavity . it is a platform made with moss , grass , leaves , fur , wool and feathers . some other materials such as flower petals or snakeskin are added if available close to the nest - site . the hole is placed at about 15 metres above the ground . the female lays 4 - 6 eggs . the nesting behaviour of this species is unknown .
the juvenile is similar to adult with duller crown , shorter crest and paler face and nape . on the duller upperparts , rump and uppertail - coverts are greyer . upperwing is duller too . cheeks and ear - coverts are pale yellow . we can see a small brownish - black bib in young male . underparts are pale yellow with pale greyish flanks .
on the head , crown and erect crest are black as the nape sides . face , cheeks , head sides and nape are yellow . the rear part of the crest is yellow too . we can see a black eye stripe from the eye to the rear of the ear - coverts . the bill is blackish . the eyes are dark brown . legs and feet are blue - grey .
in past , sometimes considered conspecific with m . xanthogenys . race rex distinctive , but merely replaces greyish - yellow of lower flanks and back - spotting with grey ( 3 ) . races intergrade widely . four subspecies recognized .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto the yellow - cheeked tit’s calls include variations such as « si - si - si » or « si - si - pudi - pudi » , also « tsee - tsee - tsee - si - si » , and a different « ki - ki beer - ki - ki beer » repeated several times . we can also hear a combination of « witch - a witch - a witch - a » with a prolongated « churrr - r - r - r - r » and a harsher “krrank - it , krrank - it , krrank » . the song is a ringing phrase of three repeated notes « chin - chin - piu , cha , chin - chin , piu , cha… » or also “dzi - dzi - pu , dzi - dzi - pu » .
the adult male has olive - green upperparts with yellow wash . the rump is pale greyish . mantle , back and scapular feathers have blackish centres . the tail is black with white outer webs on external rectrices . the upperwing - coverts are black , whereas median and greater coverts are conspicuously tipped white . the flight feathers are blackish - grey . the tertials are broadly tipped white . the outer primaries have white bases forming small white panel on closed wings .
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ioc _ names _ file _ plus - 8 . 2g : 8 . 2
are related to waxwings ( bombycillidae ) , not to honeyeaters ( meliphagidae ) ( fleischer et al . 2008 )
from muscicapidae ( barker et al . 2002 , 2004 ; beresford et al . 2005 ; fuchs et al . 2006 )
( dickinson 2003 , sinclair & ryan 2003 , coates et al . 2006 )
revised classification follows johansson et al . 2013 ; see also tietze & borthakur 2012
c and s thailand , malay pen . , sumatra and hainan i . ( off se china )
( eck & martens 2006 , martens et al . 2006 , collar 2007 )
continental europe and asia minor through siberia to kamchatka , sakhalin is . , korea , ne china and ne mongolia
se azerbaijan , n iran , sw turkmenistan . ? winter visitor to sw iran
( salzburger et al . 2002 , eck & martens 2006 , collar 2007 )
( salzburger et al . 2002 ) . subspecies sequence follows stervander et al , 2015 . 5 - 7 of the current subspecies may deserve full species status . retain
as a single polytypic species pending further comprehensive analyses of all populations ( sangster 2006 , stervander et al . 2015 , illera et al . 2016 ) .
e siberia , s sakhalin i . ec and ne china , korea and japan
( päckert et al . 2005 , eck & martens 2006 , collar 2007 ) .
( madge 2008 ) , but see barani - beiranvand et al . ( 2017 ) , who propose to lump .
sw kazakhstan , uzbekistan , n and se turkmenistan , tajikistan , and ne afghanistan .
( bonaparte , 1850 ) – e himalayas from e nepal e to ne india ( arunachal pradesh and n assam ) , n & w myanmar and sw china ( s xizang ) .
( blyth , 1855 ) – ne india ( s assam s to manipur ) , myanmar ( except n , w & c ) , w , nw & ne thailand and s china ( w yunnan ) .
( david , 1874 ) – s & se china ( s sichuan and s & e yunnan e to guangdong , fujian and s zhejiang , including hong kong ) , n laos and nw vietnam .
calls include “si - si - si” or more drawn - out “si - si - pudi - pudi” , or “ . . .
diet not well known , but includes small invertebrates and larvae , including spiders ( araneae ) , also buds and some fruit , e . g . berries . . . .
season late feb to mid - aug . nest a small platform or pad of moss , grass , bracken (
resident ; also short - distance altitudinal migrant , descending to lower levels in non - breeding . . .
not globally threatened . common or locally common to rare . scarce or rare in himalayas , but locally common in ne indian hill states and myanmar . common in n thailand ; fairly . . .
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previously part of a much broader genus parus ( which see , above ) . m . nuchalis was previously considered part of the p . major complex , but a multi - locus genetic study indicates that its closest relatives are current congeners ; closer genetic proximity of pseudopodoces to p . major requires resurrection of machlolophus for this clade of four species # r .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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a male on a branch , calling and moving excitedly in response to a collared owlet recording .
josep del hoyo , yoël jimenez , daniêl jimenez , greg baker , ron hoff , keith and lynn youngs , keith blomerley , vicky cheng .
josep del hoyo , éric roualet , holger teichmann , natthaphat chotjuckdikul , martin flack , phillip edwards , yoël jimenez , tong menxiu , indy _ 22 , william ip , louischeung , paul van giersbergen , markus lilje , marcos wei , vasanthan . j , ken havard .
not sure what warbler this is . too slow for davison ' s . blyth ' s has slow , fast , slow , fast delivery . . . . . . . a variation of claudia ' s ? ? ?
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
image : marie - louise ng , 10 july 2011 ( with permission ) [ velociraptorize ] .
question : this beautiful little chinese mystery bird is found in moist tropical forests throughout much of asia . can you name a congener to this species that you are familiar with ? ( this bird ' s genus is the subject of controversy so some species may have been recently removed to a different genus . in that case , can you name these former congeners ' new genus ? )
there are 24 old world tits included in the genus parus . some authorities expand parus to include cyanistes , lophophanes , periparus , and poecile , so you ' ve got a lot of species to choose from when answering the question i asked .
you are invited to review all of the daily mystery birds by going to their dedicated graphic index page .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is reported to be from common ( various localities in china ) to scarce and local in the eastern himalayas ( harrap and quinn 1996 ) , while the population in china has been estimated at c . 100 - 10 , 000 breeding pairs ( brazil 2009 ) . trend justification : the population is estimated to be increasing following recorded range expansions ( del hoyo et al . 2007 ) .
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : machlolophus spilonotus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
l’encyclopedie mondiale des oiseaux - dr christopher m . perrins - bordas - isbn : 2040185607
on the underparts , chin , throat , centre of breast and centre of belly are black with some blue gloss on throat and breast . body sides and flanks are pale olive tinged yellowish . the undertail - coverts are dark grey with whitish tips . the underwing - coverts are blackish with broad white tips .
the female is duller with pale yellowish wing - bars and greyish - olive bib .
the social status is often determinate by sex and age , with males dominating females , and adults which dominate the young birds .
the courtship displays involve head - up , to enhance the black bib of the male , while the crest is raised during these displays . the male probably performs courtship feeding to the female .