the black-and-white mannikin or black-and-white munia ( lonchura bicolor ) is a species of estrildid finch found in western and central africa .

it has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 4,200,000 km ² .

it is found in moist savanna and subtropical/tropical lowland moist forest habitat .

the status of the species is evaluated as least concern .

they are seedeaters , but are known to feed on algae .

black - and - white mannikin

nobody uploaded sound recordings for black - and - white mannikin ( spermestes bicolor ) yet .
be the first to review “black - and - white mannikin” click here to cancel reply .
black - and - white mannikin - species text in the atlas of southern african birds .
black upper bill , silver lower bill ; brownish black head with metallic green or purplish sheen ; brownish black throat and upper breast ; brown back & wings ; shoulders sport a metallic green patch ; flanks are mottled brown & white ; black tail with brown - and - black cross - barred rump ; white belly ; dark grey or blackish legs .
a small waxbill of the old world tropics , typically brown , black , and white and often kept as a cage bird .
savalli , u . m . ( 1989 ) black and white mannikins lonchura bicolor eating algae . scopus 13 : 136 .
10 cm ; 8–11 g . nominate race has head to upper breast and upperparts glossy black , upperwing and tail black , usually with one or two white spots on some tertials , lower . . .
the black - and - white mannikin are small birds that are part of the estrildid finch family . in the wild , they can be mostly be found in tropical areas such as india , south eastern asia , sri lanka , the philippines and indonesia . in these areas they typically inhabit open areas and build grass structures during the breeding season . these large nests are used to provide safety for their eggs , which number from 4 - 10 per breeding season . some black - and - white mannikin also build roosting nests that are communally used overnight . these communal roosts help keep the black - and - white mannikins safe from predators . in captivity , black - and - white mannikins make excellent pets . they are friendly , talkative and social birds and are easily maintained . paradise earth premium finch blend can be used to feed your manikin , however soft foods like greens and sprouting seeds will provide an extra treat . if you are interested in breeding your black - and - white mannikin , feel them mashed eggs for extra nutrition and provide them with a finch box for a sense of privacy and protection during the stressful time of breeding . the black - and - white mannikin are birds that will fill your home with joy .
other synonyms afrikaans : rooirugfret catalan : maniquí bicolor , maniquí blanc - i - negre czech : amadina dvoubarvá , stračka dvoubarvá danish : glansskadefinke german : glanzelsterchen english : black & white mannikin , black and white mannikin , black and white munia , black - and - white mannikin , black - and - white munia , black - and - white or brown - backed munia , red - backed mannikin english ( kenya ) : black - and - white mannikin spanish : capuchino bicolor , capuchino blanco y negro spanish ( spain ) : capuchino bicolor estonian : eeben - amadiin finnish : seepramanikki french : capucin à dos brun , capucin bicolore , capucin bicolore ou c . à dos brun , spermète à bec bleu hungarian : kétszínű szarkapinty italian : cappuccino bicolore , munia bianconera japanese : kuroshichihou , kuroshippou japanese : クロシチホウ , クロシッポウ latin : amadina bicolor , lonchura [ bicolor or nigriceps ] , lonchura bicolor , lonchura bicolor bicolor , spermestes [ bicolor or nigriceps ] , spermestes bicolor lithuanian : margoji munija dutch : glansekstertje norwegian : glansbronsefink , svartryggmannikin polish : mniszka czarno - biała , mniszka dwubarwna portuguese : freirinha - de - bico - azul russian : коричневоспинная амадина , чёрно - белая амадина slovak : mníška dvojfarebná swedish : glansskatfink , svartvit / rostryggig munia swahili : tongo rangi - mbili chinese : 黑白文鸟 chinese ( traditional ) : 黑白雙色文鳥
sexes similar . adult : glossy black tinged green ablow and to center of breast with irregularly barred flanks , small white spots at base of tertials .
the black - and - white mannikin are small birds that are part of the estrildid finch family . in the wild , they can be mostly be found in tropical areas such as india , south eastern asia , sri lanka , the philippines and indonesia .
subspecies tends to lack . juveniles have a black beak and are dark grey - brown with light grey - brown throat and breast , buff belly , brownish - buff flanks .
payne , r . ( 2018 ) . black - and - white mannikin ( spermestes bicolor ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
bronze - winged mannikins live in flocks and family parties outside of the breeding season and may associate with other species of waxbill and mannikin . allo - preening is common among birds on friendly terms . they eat grass seeds ( from the genera
estrildinae may have originated in india and dispersed thereafter ( towards africa and pacific ocean habitats ) .
spermestes bicolor ( del hoyo and collar 2016 ) was previously placed in the genus lonchura and was previously split as l . bicolor and l . nigriceps following dowsett and forbes - watson ( 1993 ) ; sibley and monroe ( 1990 , 1993 ) .
usually considered conspecific with l . tristissima , but differs in its whitish vs dark brown or black face to upper breast ( 2 ) ; cinnamon vs dark chestnut or black lower underparts ( 3 ) ; bold white vs weak buffy or no spotting on crown , back , wings and flanks ( 2 ) ; song “anything but similar to other munias…” and “different from streak - headed mannikin” # r ( allow 2 ) . record of apparent hybrid with l . t . hypomelaena in sw ( noord r area ) and existence of an intermediate or hybrid population in se ( ihu and upper purari r e to port moresby ) indicate that it intergrades with other races of l . tristissima ; but this is acceptable under the criteria used herein and not considered an obstacle to species rank # r . proposed race moresbyae ( based on single specimen thought to have come from port moresby area , possibly of hybrid origin ) needs corroboration # r ; proposed emendations to moresbyi or moresbyensis are not supported by iczn code . monotypic .
– sw senegal , guinea - bissau , s guinea and sierra leone e to s nigeria and cameroon .
stay up to date with our latest news and receive new words updates , blog posts , and more .
del hoyo , j . & collar , n . ( 2018 ) . white - spotted mannikin ( lonchura leucosticta ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
– s somalia , e kenya and tanzania s to zambia , zimbabwe , mozambique and ne & e south africa .
supporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .
origin and phylogeny has been obtained by antonio arnaiz - villena et al . [ 3 ] estrildinae may have originated in india and dispersed thereafter ( towards africa and pacific ocean habitats ) .
open access will revolutionize 21 st century knowledge work and accelerate the diffusion of ideas and evidence that support just in time learning and the evolution of thinking in a number of disciplines .
myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
open access journals make up a new and rather revolutionary way to scientific publication . this option opens several quite interesting possibilities to disseminate openly and freely new knowledge and even to facilitate interpersonal communication among scientists .
calls by small flock including adults and juveniles . probably nominate ssp , here .
it is important that students and researchers from all over the world can have easy access to relevant , high - standard and timely scientific information . this is exactly what open access journals provide and this is the reason why i support this endeavor .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
open access journals are extremely useful for graduate students , investigators and all other interested persons to read important scientific articles and subscribe scientific journals . indeed , the research articles span a wide range of area and of high quality . this is specially a must for researchers belonging to institutions with limited library facility and funding to subscribe scientific journals .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
and subtropical / tropical lowland moist forest habitat . the status of the species is evaluated as
- - module : hatnote - - - - - - - - this module produces hatnote links and links to related articles . it - - - - implements the and meta - templates and includes - - - - helper functions for other lua hatnote modules . - -
) , soft greens , & flying termites on the wing , and feed both on the ground & on plants . birds may gather at a watering hole prior to roosting for the night . individual families roost in brooding or
slovenly
roosting nests ( which may be dismantled and rebuilt each afternoon ) . the cock tends to collect the nesting material while the hen tends to build the nest , often near active wasp nests ( presumably for protection from predation ) . nests are rounded and constructed of grass stems and blades , lined with fine grasses , vegetable down and fiber , hair and feathers , and built in small ( 3 to 10 feet tall ) trees ( mango & orange trees ) , although some pairs may make use of abandoned weavers ' or waxbills ' nests , bushes , shrubs , and niches in buildings . families may build nests close together and share the same tree . both cock and hen share incubation duties during the day , and both sit together in the nest at night . young are reared on green ( half - ripe ) seeds , greens , and insects . after fledging , young are lead back to the nest each night to roost . an alerted or active bird may flick its tail from side - to - side and flick the wings up and down . birds may try to ' escape ' to a dark area and become motionless , attempting to hide .
estrildid finches are distributed throughout africa , south asia , australia and neighbouring islands in the indian and pacific oceans . some specific phylogenetic and systematic debated questions have been clarified in the present study by mitochondrial cytochrome b dna sequencing of 61 species of estrildids and subsequent analyses of results by both bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methodologies . our results support that estrildids are a monophyletic group with polytomies that may have started evolving by middle miocene epoch ( about 16 , 5 million years ago ) . this proposed timing is coincidental with the fringillinae finches’ radiation starting time and also with the biggest hymalayan and tibetan plateau uplift , triggered by the indian tectonic plate strongest collision ; this established present day southern asia monsoon regime and other drastic climatic changes , like a dryer weather in tibetan plateau and china deserts . the estrildid finches form a monophyletic group which includes several polytomies and comprises african , asian and australian birds . the most ancient evolutive group comprises african ( african silverbill ) , asian ( indian silverbill ) and australian ( diamond firetail ) ; this suggests that the whole estrildids radiation might have originated around india . more estrildid species will be studied in order to further establish this group phylogeography . in addition , monophyletic radiations include species from different continents . finally , ploceinae genus quelea finches is a group separate and basal from estrildini and viduini species in our dendrograms .
birds should be transitioned to an austerity diet after breeding , where soft foods , egg food , live food , and greens are limited , and ideally housed in flights or aviaries for exercise .
bird joined by a second while feeding on seed in the company of quail finch and common waxbill .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
assignment of species rank to rufous - backed nigriceps has been based in part on it being “parapatric with bicolor along a line through central africa without evidence of significant interbreeding” # r , and this arrangement is still followed in some current world lists ; evidence for a parapatric distribution is , however , wholly lacking # r and the argument fails to take account of brown - backed woltersi or the fact that poensis back colour varies clinally from black in w to brown in e . study of vocalizations needed . birds in s south sudan and e drcongo intermediate between poensis and woltersi are sometimes treated as race stigmatophora ( from bukoba , on l victoria ) , but better included in poensis . proposed race minor ( from fanole , in s somalia ) is treated as a synonym of nigriceps . four subspecies recognized .
open access journals are probably one of the most important contributions to promote and diffuse science worldwide .
( fraser , 1843 ) – bioko and s cameroon s to n angola , e to drcongo ( except ne & s ) , s south sudan , sw ethiopia , uganda , w kenya and nw tanzania .
sexes appear similar , though the hen may appear a little less glossy , browner above , and sport a narrower head with a beak that tapers more than the cock ' s . only the male bird appears to show a courtship display where he erects his body ( but not head or breast ) fathers , presents himself in an upright posture to the female with his head pointed downward ; he will then click his bill , open it widely , and sing , at intervals protruding and vibrating his tongue , bobbing up - and - down or pivoting side - to - side toward and away from , and sometimes in a circle around , the female , while keeping his tail pointed toward her . the female may respond by crouching and quivering her tail .
- - format link - - - - makes a wikilink from the given link and display values . links are escaped - - with colons if necessary , and links to sections are detected and displayed - - with
§
as a separator rather than the standard mediawiki
#
. used in - - the template .
open access journals offer an innovative and efficient way of publication for academics and professionals in a wide range of disciplines . the papers published are of high quality after rigorous peer review and they are indexed in : major international databases . i read open access journals to keep abreast of the recent development in my field of study .
this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
flock of 15 - 20 birds , calling constantly . bronze and magpie mannikins were also present in the area .
‘three baby bronze mannikins sit atop their grass nest while mother and father show concern at the entrance perch . ’
soft contact calls
sip
and
seep , tsik tsik
; loud contact calls a high . . .
this article will be permanently flagged as inappropriate and made unaccessible to everyone . are you certain this article is inappropriate ?
open access journals are freely available online throughout the world , for you to read , download , copy , distribute , and use . the articles published in the open access journals are high quality and cover a wide range of fields .
josep del hoyo , juan sanabria , pieter de groot boersma , yoël jimenez , doug and denise norris , paul clarke .
open access journals are a novel concept in the medical literature . they offer accessible information to a wide variety of individuals , including physicians , medical students , clinical investigators , and the general public . they are an outstanding source of medical and scientific information .
season sept–nov ( during maturation of rice and availability of green algae ) in sierra leone , may–aug in ghana , nov–mar or . . .
get access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .
crowd sourced content that is contributed to world heritage encyclopedia is peer reviewed and edited by our editorial staff to ensure quality scholarly research articles .
potential health problems include : overgrown toenails that require frequent trimming , obesity if given inadequate opportunity to exercise , a possibility for developing intestinal parasites due to insect - eating and ground - feeding habits , and egg - binding if suffering from nutritional deficiency or bred in cold conditions .
s new guinea from noord r e to fly r and nw gulf of papua ( kikori r area , perhaps eastwards # r ) .
these journals provide researchers with a platform for rapid , open access scientific communication . the articles are of high quality and broad scope .
sub - saharan africa : guinea - sw ethiopia , s kenya south to nw angola - c mozambique and south down e coast south africa .
open access journals have transformed the way scientific data is published and disseminated : particularly , whilst ensuring a high quality standard and transparency in the editorial process , they have increased the access to the scientific literature by those researchers that have limited library support or that are working on small budgets .
english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
savannahs & scrub , open woodland , forest edge , along rivers , marsh and swamp edges , cultivated areas , open clearings , farms & gardens .
open access journals have become a fundamental tool for students , researchers , patients and the general public . many people from institutions which do not have library or cannot afford to subscribe scientific journals benefit of them on a daily basis . the articles are among the best and cover most scientific areas .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there is 1 barcode sequence available from bold and genbank .
in principle , all scientific journals should have open access , as should be science itself . open access journals are very helpful for students , researchers and the general public including people from institutions which do not have library or cannot afford to subscribe scientific journals . the articles are high standard and cover a wide area .
the widest possible diffusion of information is critical for the advancement of science . in this perspective , open access journals are instrumental in fostering researches and achievements .
open access journals represent a major break - through in publishing . they provide easy access to the latest research on a wide variety of issues . relevant and timely articles are made available in a fraction of the time taken by more conventional publishers . articles are of uniformly high quality and written by the world ' s leading authorities .
this article was sourced from creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . world heritage encyclopedia content is assembled from numerous content providers , open access publishing , and in compliance with the fair access to science and technology research act ( fastr ) , wikimedia foundation , inc . , public library of science , the encyclopedia of life , open book publishers ( obp ) , pubmed , u . s . national library of medicine , national center for biotechnology information , u . s . national library of medicine , national institutes of health ( nih ) , u . s . department of health & human services , and urltoken , which sources content from all federal , state , local , tribal , and territorial government publication portals ( . gov , . mil , . edu ) . funding for urltoken and content contributors is made possible from the u . s . congress , e - government act of 2002 .
by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy . world heritage encyclopedia™ is a registered trademark of the world public library association , a non - profit organization .
not globally threatened . common to locally common . common to abundant in w & c parts of range ; more local and patchily distributed in e & s . estimated population in s . . .
contact calls are sof ' kip ' ( given with bill closed ) and a short piping or whistling ' seeet seeet ' , usually given in flight ; alarm call is a short harsh note .
publishing research articles is the key for future scientific progress . open access publishing is therefore of utmost importance for wider dissemination of information , and will help serving the best interest of the scientific community .
for best results , keep a group ( at least 3 pairs and with equal numbers of cocks and hens ) of these birds together to allow the birds to choose their own partners . birds aged 1 to 4 years are best suited to breeding . newcomers to the flock may be attacked , intensely courted , and mounted , but are usually accepted before long . because they can become pugnacious while breeding , bronze - winged mannikins may be best kept in a group on their own while breeding . birds are most successfully bred in a community fashion in larger aviaries , though some may breed in cages in pairs with increased productivity .
it is a modern trend for publishers to establish open access journals . researchers , faculty members , and students will be greatly benefited by the new journals of bentham science publishers ltd . in this category .
introduce a breeding diet about one month prior to breeding . pairs may make use of semi - open nest boxes , nest baskets , or they may build their own nests in bushes using coconut fiber , leaves , grass , and feathers for padding . copulation tends to occur inside the privacy of the nest , and may be interrupted by other males if taking place outside of the nest . for rearing food , provide varied options of ample
return p - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - module : hatnote - - - - - - - - this module produces hatnote links and links to related articles . it - - - - implements the and meta - templates and includes - - - - helper functions for other lua hatnote modules . - -
bronze - winged mannikins prefer to live in groups of like species . males may become aggressive toward each other and other species during the breeding season ; fighting birds will fan out the wing that is further away from their enemy during spats .
copyright © world library foundation . all rights reserved . ebooks from project gutenberg are sponsored by the world library foundation , a 501c ( 4 ) member ' s support non - profit organization , and is not affiliated with any governmental agency or department .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
local function getargs ( frame ) - - fetches the arguments from the parent frame . whitespace is trimmed and - - blanks are removed . marguments = require ( ' module : arguments ' ) return marguments . getargs ( frame , { parentonly = true } ) end
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website . this website uses cookies that provide targeted advertising and which track your use of this website . by clicking ‘continue’ or by continuing to use our website , you are agreeing to our use of cookies . you can change your cookie settings at any time .
external sites open in a new browser . urltoken does not endorse external sites . urltoken is a participant in the amazon services llc associates program , an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon . com . proceeds will be used to help this site grow .
arnaiz - villena , a ; ruiz - del - valle v ; gomez - prieto p ; reguera r ; parga - lozano c ; serrano - vela i ( 2009 ) .
estrildinae finches ( aves , passeriformes ) from africa , south asia and australia : a molecular phylogeographic study
. the open ornithology journal 2 : 29–36 . doi : 10 . 2174 / 1874453200902010029 .
function p . formatpages ( . . . ) - - formats a list of pages using formatlink and returns it as an array . nil - - values are not allowed . local pages = { . . . } local ret = { } for i , page in ipairs ( pages ) do ret [ i ] = p . _ formatlink ( page ) end return ret end
function p . makewikitexterror ( msg , helplink , addtrackingcategory ) - - formats an error message to be returned to wikitext . if - - addtrackingcategory is not false after being returned from - - module : yesno , and if we are not on a talk page , a tracking category - - is added . checktype ( ' makewikitexterror ' , 1 , msg , ' string ' ) checktype ( ' makewikitexterror ' , 2 , helplink , ' string ' , true ) yesno = require ( ' module : yesno ' ) local title = mw . title . getcurrenttitle ( ) - - make the help link text . local helptext if helplink then helptext = ' ( help ) ' else helptext = end - - make the category text . local category if not title . istalkpage and yesno ( addtrackingcategory ) ~ = false then category = ' hatnote templates with errors ' category = string . format ( ' % s : % s ' , mw . site . namespaces [ 14 ] . name , category ) else category = end return string . format ( ' % s ' , msg , helptext , category ) end
function p . formatpagetables ( . . . ) - - takes a list of page / display tables and returns it as a list of - - formatted links . nil values are not allowed . local pages = { . . . } local links = { } for i , t in ipairs ( pages ) do checktype ( ' formatpagetables ' , i , t , ' table ' ) local link = t [ 1 ] local display = t [ 2 ] links [ i ] = p . _ formatlink ( link , display ) end return links end
fledged young raise the wing furthest from the parent bird when begging for food . parents may escort fledglings back to the nest for about 2 weeks . after the young fledge , they do not need to be separated from the parents / breeding pairs , and may form a peaceful extended family from successive clutches . sometimes captive young from older clutches may try to feed their younger siblings . parent birds may drive these older juveniles out of the nest , but will often permit them to feed their younger siblings after they have fledged . if removing juveniles , wait 4 weeks until after they have fledged to ensure they are fully weaned . the spent nest can be removed so the parents build a fresh one for the next brood .
function p . _ formatlink ( link , display ) - - find whether we need to use the colon trick or not . we need to use the - - colon trick for categories and files , as otherwise category links - - categorise the page and file links display the file . checktype ( ' _ formatlink ' , 1 , link , ' string ' ) checktype ( ' _ formatlink ' , 2 , display , ' string ' , true ) link = removeinitialcolon ( link ) local namespace = p . findnamespaceid ( link , false ) local colon if namespace = = 6 or namespace = = 14 then colon = ' : ' else colon = end - - find whether a faux display value has been added with the | magic - - word . if not display then local prepipe , postpipe = link : match ( ' ^ ( . - ) | ( . * ) $ ' ) link = prepipe or link display = postpipe end - - find the display value . if not display then local page , section = link : match ( ' ^ ( . - ) # ( . * ) $ ' ) if page then display = page . . ' § ' . . section end end - - assemble the link . if display then return string . format ( ' % s ' , colon , link , display ) else return string . format ( ' % s % s ' , colon , link ) end end
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
departamento de inmunologia , facultad de medicina , universidad complutense de madrid , avenida complutense s / n , 28040 madrid , spain .
not only do open access journals greatly improve the access to high quality information for scientists in the developing world , it also provides extra exposure for our papers .
open access ' chemistry ' journals allow the dissemination of knowledge at your finger tips without paying for the scientific content .
open access journals are very useful for all scientists as they can have quick information in the different fields of science .
there are many scientists who can not afford the rather expensive subscriptions to scientific journals . open access journals offer a good alternative for free access to good quality scientific information .
tall rank grass in forest clearings , woody marshland , secondary growth , abandoned cultivation , rice . . .
only subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !
only members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 € ( instead of 59 . 90 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 € ( instead of 89 . 85 € )
view more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 € ( instead of 89 . 9 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 € ( instead of 134 . 85 € )
there is a registration fee of 20€ . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won’t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .
if you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .
no flash player has been set up . please select a player to play flash videos .
lars petersson , paul van giersbergen , lad , holger teichmann , markus lilje , buchert , éric roualet , nvoaden , tomasz doroń , stan culley , petemorris , james kashangaki , ken havard , mikko pyhälä , frédéric pelsy , roland bischoff , m p goodey , lmarce , josep del hoyo , zotyesz , krzysztof blachowiak .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .
avibase has been visited 263 , 291 , 785 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy
calls from a small group of this species flying out of a brushy edge of secondary forest .
several birds in a field , calling excitedly - alarm call ? an olive - bellied sunbird also calls in the background ( same bird as in xc115028 ) . probably nominate ssp , here .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as common or locally common ( clement 1999 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t105968860a111180974 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
birds express . net international pet & supply inc . 2550 rosemead blvd . south el monte , california 91733 tel : 626 - 401 - 1991 fax : 626 - 401 - 2458 e - mail : sales @ birdsexpress . net copyright 2008 birds express . all rights reserved .
below is the sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as common or locally common ( clement 1999 ) .
. it has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 4 , 200 , 000 km² . it is found in moist
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
local libraryutil = require ( ' libraryutil ' ) local checktype = libraryutil . checktype local marguments - - lazily initialise module : arguments local yesno - - lazily initialise module : yesno
local function removeinitialcolon ( s ) - - removes the initial colon from a string , if present . return s : match ( ' ^ : ? ( . * ) ' ) end
function p . findnamespaceid ( link , removecolon ) - - finds the namespace id ( namespace number ) of a link or a pagename . this - - function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets . colons - - are trimmed from the start of the link by default . to skip colon - - trimming , set the removecolon parameter to true . checktype ( ' findnamespaceid ' , 1 , link , ' string ' ) checktype ( ' findnamespaceid ' , 2 , removecolon , ' boolean ' , true ) if removecolon ~ = false then link = removeinitialcolon ( link ) end local namespace = link : match ( ' ^ ( . - ) : ' ) if namespace then local nstable = mw . site . namespaces [ namespace ] if nstable then return urltoken end end return 0 end
function p . formatlink ( frame ) local args = getargs ( frame ) local link = args [ 1 ] local display = args [ 2 ] if not link then return p . makewikitexterror ( ' no link specified ' , ' template : format hatnote link # errors ' , args . category ) end return p . _ formatlink ( link , display ) end
- - hatnote - - - - produces standard hatnote text . implements the template .
function p . hatnote ( frame ) local args = getargs ( frame ) local s = args [ 1 ] local options = { } if not s then return p . makewikitexterror ( ' no text specified ' , ' template : hatnote # errors ' , args . category ) end options . extraclasses = args . extraclasses options . selfref = args . selfref return p . _ hatnote ( s , options ) end
function p . _ hatnote ( s , options ) checktype ( ' _ hatnote ' , 1 , s , ' string ' ) checktype ( ' _ hatnote ' , 2 , options , ' table ' , true ) local classes = { ' hatnote ' } local extraclasses = options . extraclasses local selfref = options . selfref if type ( extraclasses ) = = ' string ' then classes [ # classes + 1 ] = extraclasses end if selfref then classes [ # classes + 1 ] = ' selfref ' end return string . format ( '
all over . ” a voyage to greenland , a . d . 1671 . harris coll . “several wh . . . . . . er thrown ashore or caught near the coasts , are the property of the king . ”
. “soon to the sport of death the crews repair : rodmond unerring . . . . . . was not till the boats returned from the pursuit of these whales , that the
saw their ship in bloody possession of the savages enrolled among th . . . . . . re the cheapest , if not the cheeriest inns . such dreary streets ! blocks of
his aminta by george meredith is a publication of the pennsylvania stat . . . . . . sylvania state uni - versity . this portable document file is furnished free
without any charge of any kind . any person using this document file , fo . . . . . . charge of any kind . any person using this document file , for any purpose ,
in any way does so at his or her own risk . neither the pennsylvania sta . . . . . . utter ; no cake . she appeared undisturbed when matey , wearing his holi - day
all aglow , entered the booth . she was not expected to fain . . . . . . ecame a king , with his murat this , murat that ,
a chimney - afire of feather . . . . . . so that the damsel’s colour distinctly counted for dark . she became nearly
englishmen have been known to marry indian . . . . . . t , as far as i know . ormont’s not likely to be hooked by garrison women or
. those coloured women—some of ours too—send the nose to the clouds ; . . . . . . o her subjection ? he put no question as to the name she bore ; it hung in a
illuminated her pos - sessor . a man i . . . . . . ngs .
- sailed yacht in protected sea - waters , where licenced trawlers are at . . .
in any way does so at his or her own risk . neither the pennsylvania sta . . . . . . cation project to bring classical works of literature , in english , to free
easy access of those wishing to make use of them . cover design : jim man . . . . . . 104 irving street , cambridge , december 8 , 1917 . president woodrow wilson ,
house , wash - ington , d . c . mr . president : it seems criminal to ask fo . . . . . . ully , edward cummings 6 the enormous room this letter was received at the
house . whether it was received with sympathy or with silent disapprov . . . . . . eed it later perhaps . ”
sh . . . . . . correcting his own large slovenly procedure out of earshot … . some of the
smoked . their enormous faces , wads of vit . . . . . . friend , whom i face . she must have been very pretty before she put on the
. her friend is also a veuve . how pleasantly they talk , of la guerre , . . .
easy access of those wishing to make use of them . cover design : jim man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 the two
gleams of a grey churchyard . ‘three weeks before my girl had gone , an . . . . . . that she loves so : not me ! not me ! oh , no , no , no ! ’ colourless , her long
hair , like seaweed in a tempest tossed t angling astray , to joan’s ca . . . . . . dliest welcomings , she swam the havens sheening fair ; secure upon her glad
wings , she fluttered on the ocean air . t o her no more the bastioned . . . . . . uitful eastern glebes where blow the gusts of balm
blockaded ribs are jammed ‘mongst ghostly fleets of ice , or where upo . . . . . . ne in the sky as thou in my soul ; the sea takes her image to lie where the
ripples roll all night in a dream , with the light of her beam , hushed . . .
in any way does so at his or her own risk . neither the pennsylvania sta . . . . . . tion project to bring classical works of lit - erature , in english , to free
easy access of those wishing to make use of them . cover design : jim man . . . . . . nsinuates dishonour , mr . beltham . ’ ‘damn your fine speeches ,
hands off that boy , ’ the squire thundered . ‘mind , if you take . . . . . . smell of dark corners , in a street where all the house - doors were painted
milk - men paraded the st . . . . . . neither pitt nor shakespeare lost an eye , or an arm , or fought with a huge
bear on the ice to make himself interesting . i named them occasionall . . . . . . ,
they all complained that i had ceased to lo . . . . . . n his behalf . he , too , though he laughed , thanked me kindly . i was clad in
for my distant mother . mrs . waddy brought down a young man from londo . . . . . . m now harry’s mama , he has me . ’ i looked on her forehead for the wreath of
in this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot - on cv .
archaic words have a charm that never fades away , from french sounding to wondrously mysterious ones .
in africa , south of the sahara except for the southwest . also found on the islands of fernando po , principe , sao tome ' , pemba , zanzibar , mafia , comoros ; introduced to puerto rico .
active , vivacious , but may become sluggish if housed in a smaller enclosure . generally gregarious , but can become dominating while breeding .
small mixed millet , greens , egg food , mealworms , ant pupae , soaked seed .
may be parasitized by the pin - tailed whydah . has produced hybrids with : spice finch (
breeding is restricted to the warm ( rainy / wet ) season , but may occur year - round near the equator .
nest checks tend to be tolerated . parents usually cease brooding the young around 10 days of age , so it is important to ensure an adequately warm enclosure at this time .
: as the creator of finchinfo . com , i take no responsibility for any mishaps which you may experience in following any advice given , nor in purchasing any products suggested . i will therefore not be liable for any consequences that arise from following any advice provided in these pages .
. no part of this page ( including , but not limited to pictures , articles , advice , logo , or otherwise ) may be copied or retransmitted by any means without expressed written permission from the author / creator of this page .
this page is hosted by dreamhost . styles : former fic | art deco | spring | magazine


the kiritimati sandpiper ( prosobonia cancellata ) was a small shorebird .

it became extinct some time in the first half of the 19th century .

it was endemic to kiritimati ( or christmas ) island in kiribati .

kiritimati sandpiper

justification : this newly - recognised pacific sandpiper became extinct around the 1850s as a result of predation by invasive mammals .
the type specimen was collected on kiritimati ( = christmas island ) , kiribati ( walters 1993 ) , where it was probably eliminated by introduced cats and rats by around 1850 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
prosobonia cancellata and p . parvirostris ( del hoyo and collar 2014 ) were previously lumped as p . cancellata following sibley and monroe ( 1990 , 1993 ) .
this species was presumably driven to extinction by introduced predatory mammals , especially cats and rats .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t62289108a119208101 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .
avibase has been visited 263 , 293 , 768 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy
all ranks domain kingdom subkingdom phylum subphylum superclass class subclass infraclass superorder order suborder infraorder superfamily family subfamily tribe subtribe genus subgenus species subspecies variety group ( polytypic ) group ( monotypic ) species split life sp . ssp . intra - specific hybrid interspecific hybrid intergeneric hybrid species pair
all records ( accepted , rejected , pending ) . to filter / search please enter a phrase . e . g . to filter rejected records , type rejected into the search box , all columns can be filtered .
have you seen something interesting ? click submit to share your rare bird sightings via our simple form .
© 2018 birdguides , warners group publications plc . all rights reserved . company registered in england no . 2572212 | vat registration no . gb 638 3492 15
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en


leptobrachium buchardi is a species of amphibian in the megophryidae family .

it is endemic to laos and only known from the bolaven plateau in the champasak province , near its type locality within the dong hua sao national protected area .

its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

male leptobrachium buchardi measure 45.1 – 48.0 mm ( 1.78 – 1.89 in ) and female 49.2 – 56.5 mm ( 1.94 – 2.22 in ) in snout-vent length .

leptobrachium buchardi

no one has contributed data records for leptobrachium buchardi yet . learn how to contribute .
have a fact about leptobrachium buchardi ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for leptobrachium buchardi ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
annemarie ohler , bryan stuart 2006 . leptobrachium buchardi . the iucn red list of threatened species 2006 : e . t61838a12566018 . urltoken
species description : ohler a , teynie a , david p 2004 a green - eyed leptobrachium ( anura : megophryidae ) from southern laos . raffles bull . zool . 52 ; 695 - 700 .
this species is known only from the type locality , from 920 - 1 , 250m asl , at ban sepian , paksong district , in the bolaven highlands , champasak province , in lao people’s democratic republic .
it has been found under stones in a disturbed area of moist evergreen forest . although some individuals have also been found in coffee plantations near forest during heavy rain , this species is not believed to be tolerant of habitat degradation . it is presumed to be a larval developing species .
the major threat is agricultural development : much of the forest on the plateau where this species has been found is being converted to coffee plantations .
the sole known locality for this species is within the dong hua sao national biodiversity conservation area .
listed as data deficient since it has only recently been described , and there is still very little information on its extent of occurrence , status , threats and ecological requirements .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
amphibian species of the world : an online reference v5 . 3 , database ( version 5 . 3 )
frost , darrel r . 2009 . amphibian species of the world : an online reference . version 5 . 3 ( 12 february , 2009 ) . electronic database accessible at urltoken american museum of natural history , new york , usa
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
this species is known only from the type locality , from 920 - 1 , 250m asl , at ban sepian , paksong district , in the bolaven highlands , champasak province , in lao peoples democratic republic .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
sign in to disable all ads . thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet .
have a better pronunciation ? upload it here to share it with the entire community .
simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word . leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation .


the yellow-shouldered grosbeak ( parkerthraustes humeralis ) is a songbird species in the tanager family ( thraupidae ) , or possibly in the cardinalidae .

it is the only member of its genus parkerthraustes .

it is found in bolivia , brazil , colombia , ecuador , and peru .

its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests .

yellow - shouldered grosbeak

new record extends southward the known range of the yellow - shouldered grosbeak ( parkerthraustes humeralis , passeriformes ) .
new record extends southward the known range of the yellow - shouldered grosbeak ( parkerthraustes humeralis , passeriformes ) . | nunes | revista brasileira de ornitologia - brazilian journal of ornithology
brewer , d . ( 2018 ) . yellow - shouldered grosbeak ( parkerthraustes humeralis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
new subfamily ( “grosbeak tanagers” ) erected for two large - billed but seemingly unrelated species which were previously of puzzling affinities # r .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' uncommon and patchily distributed ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 13 . 4 - 15 . 8 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 12 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
formerly placed in cardinalidae , often in caryothraustes , but clearly divergent in morphology , plumage and behaviour ; now confirmed as a tanager most closely related to orchesticus abeillei # r . taxonomic status of undescribed form from ecuador as yet unclear . monotypic .
extreme s colombia ( e slope of andes in caquetá and putumayo ) , e ecuador ( e slope from w sucumbíos and w napo s to morona - santiago ) , e peru ( amazonas and loreto s to madre de dios and n puno ) , w & c brazil ( s amazonas and rondônia e to e pará and nw mato grosso ) and n bolivia ( la paz and cochabamba ) .
16 cm ; one female 37 g ( brazil ) . distinctive , with relatively narrow bill thick - based and with strongly curved culmen . male has crown to nape grey , lores , area below eye and . . .
rather silent . song a repetitive , high lisping “seet tseer - tseer” ; call a loud , clear inflected “ . . .
interior of lowland humid forest , at 200–1000 m ; usually below 750 m .
no published data ; stomach contents ( ecuador ) insect parts and seeds . solitary and in pairs , often in mixed - species foraging flocks with . . .
juveniles seen when foraging with adults in jun in ne peru . no other information .
not globally threatened . not well known . evidently rather uncommon and in low numbers through much of range ; possibly overlooked owing to its inconspicuous behaviour . may be . . .
only subscribers are able to see the bibliography . login or subscribe to get access to a lot of extra features !
distribution extends east of the rio tocantins in paragominas , pa ( lees et al . 2012 ) .
lees , a . c . , moura , n . g . , silva , a . s . , aleixo , a . l . p . , barlow , j . , berenguer , e . , ferreira , j . & gardner , t . a . 2012 . paragominas : a quantitative baseline inventory of an eastern amazonian avifauna . revista brasileira de ornitologia , 20 : 93 - 118 .
only members are able to post public comments . to make the most of all of hbw ' s features , discover our subscriptions now !
get access to the contents of the hbw including all species accounts , family texts , plates , audiovisual links , updates and related resources .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 55 . 90 € ( instead of 59 . 90 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 82 € ( instead of 89 . 85 € )
supporting members help us to develop and update the project more quickly and to reach more people by keeping prices down .
view more information , tracking references to their source ( when available on the internet ) .
also available : 2 - year subscription package : 82 . 5 € ( instead of 89 . 9 € ) 3 - year subscription package : 122 . 5 € ( instead of 134 . 85 € )
there is a registration fee of 20€ . this is a one - time only fee when you become a subscriber of hbw alive . you won’t pay it again as long as you renew your subscription before it expires .
if you represent an organization or institution , click here for more information on institutional subscriptions .
this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
recording amplified and low - pass filtered at about 400 hz . intervals shortened as indicated by short breaks . bird perched in canopy yet eye - level due to hillside . likely male : strong head - pattern , white underparts . playback of tsee - weet call used , bird came flying in and sat quiet for quite a while . b ' dee calls .
reference : jn ( u3b 61 - 70 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) . filtered and shortened version on moore et al . 2013 : bird sounds of ecuador dvd
calls from a bird working the lofty canopy , recorded from atop the old 50m tower , in terra firme forest .
response to playback ; these trilled calls were more typically given during song bouts , but here given alone .
response to playback ; the bird would intersperse a long song series with the high - pitched trilled calls .
natural vocalization ; calls from a bird perched on a tall , exposed tree , and then a few calls in flight at the end of the cut .
recording amplified and low - pass filtered at about 400 hz . intervals shortened as indicated by short breaks . bird perched in canopy yet eye - level due to hillside . likely male : strong head - pattern , white underparts . playback of tsee - weet call used , bird came flying in and sat quiet for quite a while .
humid secondary forest . reference : jn1 ( b 43 - 56 ) . krabbe & nilsson ( 2003 ) ( isbn 90 - 75838 - 06 - 9 ) .
previously published on avocet as av10122 . certainty : 100 % . id determined by : seen . gps : google earth .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : parkerthraustes humeralis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .
avibase has been visited 263 , 293 , 111 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy
this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4 . 0 international license .
we would like to invite participants of this ornithological congress of the americas to submit manuscripts to be considered for publication on a special volume of the brazilian journal of ornithology . we welcome review and case study manuscripts derived from the research exposed at the meeting . particularly , we would like to invite organizers of each symposium , as well as symposium´s participants , to submit a review manuscript on the topic of the symposium , which could have particular emphasis on the individual talks involved in the symposium . also , we would like to publish one study case per symposium . in addition to the manuscripts derived from symposia , we encourage other authors presenting their studies to submit manuscripts as a general submi
for this particular issue , the brazilian journal of ornithology will publish articles and reviews on ornithology in general , with emphasis on neotropical birds . it is indexed in databases zoological records , biological abstract , scopus , and isi . the current ( june 2017 ) impact factor is 0 . 414 ) . the journal o
nly publishes articles in english , with four volumes per year . this special issue is schedule to appear in full in mid - 2018 , with individual / accepted manus
cripts released before in the webpage . for this special volume authors should login into the journal´s webpage and to follow the editorial rules and guidelines of the journal for manuscript submission . please , refer to the following webpage for details .
did you know ? all our dictionaries are bidirectional , meaning that you can look up words in both languages at the same time .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !


ornithoptera euphorion , the cairns birdwing , is a species of birdwing butterfly endemic to north-eastern australia , and is australia 's largest endemic butterfly species .

other common names include cooktown birdwing and northern birdwing .

the names cairns and cooktown in its common names reference the australian cities in the region where this butterfly is found .

ornithoptera euphorion

2 . release into wild of ornithoptera euphorion which can hybridise with o . richmondia .
here you can see the golden aberration of the subspecies ornithoptera priamus euphorion ( male left / female right ) . this golden euphorion is very rare .
this is the larva of the cairns birdwing ( ornithoptera euphorion ) my father and i found in our garden .
this is the larva of the cairns birdwing ( ornithoptera euphorion ) my father and i found in our garden . : biology
here you can see some photos of ornithoptera priamus ( male above / female below ) . ornithoptera priamus is a member of the
the image
cairns birdwing latin name ornithoptera euphorion mating
from peter is available on fotolia under a royalty - free license from 1 credit ( credit from $ 0 . 74 ) .
ornithoptera priamus and troides helena was the first birdwing butterflies wich were described by scientists . ornithoptera priamus has a very large area of distribution .
photo
cairns birdwing latin name ornithoptera euphorion mating
can be used for personal and commercial purposes according to the conditions of the purchased royalty - free license . the image is available for download in high resolution quality up to 3872x2592 .
ornithoptera priamus has an optical effect . at a diagonal point of view the wing will change its colour .
fitzgibbon , s . ( 1997 ) . taxon notes for ornithoptera richmondia . wildnet , environmental protection agency : brisbane .
here you can see the subspecies ornithoptera priamus boisduvalii ( male left / female right ) . the wingspan is about 14 - 18 cm .
here you can see the subspecies ornithoptera priamus miokensis ( male left / female right ) . the wingspan is about 16 - 21 cm .
ornithoptera priamus is , like all other birdwings a true miracle of nature . this butterfly is strictly protected . it is listed in the appendix ii from cites .
here you can see the subspecies ornithoptera priamus richmondia ( richmond birdwing ) ( male left / female right ) . the wingspan is about 11 - 14 cm .
here you can see the subspecies ornithoptera priamus poseidon ( new guinea birdwing ) ( male left / female right ) . the wingspan is about 14 - 17 cm .
available only as a limited edition of 40 framed pairs - each individualy signed and numbered by butterfly replicas ' artist mike g , we present the ultimate ornithoptera aberration .
cairns birdwing ( ornithoptera euphorion ) is a large butterfly living in a small coastal strip in queensland . the female can reach a wingspan of 150mm and the male 125mm . the male is the most brightly coloured of the species . the larvae of this species will die if they eat the leaves of the introduced dutchman’s pipe ( aristolochia elegans ) . over collection of this spectacular species has put them on the endangered species list and they are now protected .
ornithoptera priamus is a butterfly from the australasia / indomalaya ( australia ) ecozone . you can see this butterfly in new guinea , on the moluccas and in the north of australia .
here you can see the subspecies ornithoptera priamus urvillianus ( d ' urville ' s birdwing ) ( male left / female right ) . the wingspan is about 17 - 21 cm .
sands , d . p . a . & scott , s . e . ( 1996 ) . richmond birdwing butterfly ( ornithoptera richmondia [ gray ] ) recovery plan 1996 - 2001 . csiro australia : indooroopilly .
scott , a . w . 1864 ,
on a new species of ornithoptera
, transactions of the entomological society of new south wales , vol . 1 , no . 2 , pp . 130 - 133 pl . 10
the fore wings are black . the edge is green . a black and longish odour - spot is on the wing . the underside of ornithoptera priamus is black . there is a chain of bluish or green spots in the middle of the wing .
sands , d . p . a . , scott , s . e . & moffatt , r . ( 1997 ) . the threatened richmond birdwing butterfly ( ornithoptera richmondia [ gray ] ) : a community conservation project . memoirs of the museum of victoria 56 , 449 - 453 .
. the first description was in 1758 by linnaeus . the wingspan is about 18 – 22 cm . this butterfly is a member of the family papilionidae . ornithoptera priamus is black . it has large green areas on the wings . the females are brown and have some white spots . they are significant - larger than the males .
sands , d . p . a . & scott , s . ( 2002 ) . the richmond birdwing butterfly ( ornithoptera richmondia [ gray ] ) . in : d . p . a . sands & s . scott ( eds ) . conservation of birdwing butterflies , scicomed pty ltd , marsden , qld . pp . 32 - 47 .
this species is also known as triodes euphorion . the host food larval food plants are native species of the aristolochiaceae . mature larvae 64 mm long , blackish - brown to pale brown , each segment with a dorsilateral row of long spines ; head brown or black . adult male is black with brilliant iridescent green markings , hind wing is green with a deep yellow spot and some black as well as yellow spots ; lower surface black with extensive blue - green markings . abdomen bright yellow . adult female is brown to black with white to cream markings , lower surface similar to upper but cream spots more elongate in subterminal area .
the hind wings of ornithoptera priamus are green . at the wing leading edge there is a big , golden spots . at the outer edge there is also a small golden spot and a chain of black spots . the edge of wing is black . the underside is dark - green or bluish . the golden spots are transperent like a window . the veins are black partly . the edge of wing is black . at the outer edge there is a chain of black spots .
felice _ a . k . a . _ queen _ alexandra ' s _ . mpg
)
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
rothschild , l . w . 1895 ,
a revision of the papilios of the eastern hemisphere , exclusive of africa
, novitates zoologicae , vol . 2 , no . 3 , pp . 167 - 463 pl . 6
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1aeb3e9e - 04ce - 4ed4 - b6ec - 3778cfbe40ba
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2c578d9d - 8c0c - 45fe - b0e0 - 4a35d6d119cd
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 37b31b43 - 63b0 - 4bb6 - 8aa6 - 0452cf5f42aa
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 55573c32 - a026 - 4347 - 83a8 - b936174a5412
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 9ca0dd9a - 6f21 - 43e3 - 8497 - 1837310a9580
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c7ac9f49 - 72d4 - 41bb - 9dad - dfb027f085aa
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 544028
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
we acknowledge australian aboriginal people and torres strait islander people as the first inhabitants of the nation , and acknowledge traditional owners of the lands where our staff and students live , learn and work .
cyndy parr added an association between
birdwing caterpillar 9466
and
aristolochia
.
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
if is associated with an alamy account you ' ll receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password .
enter your log in email address and well send you a link to reset your password .
sorry , this image isn ' t available for this licence . please refer to the license restrictions for more information .
on the alamy prints site ( powered by art . com ) choose your frame , the size and finish of your photo .
enter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .
the body ( abdomen ) is yellow . head and thorax are black . the underside of thorax has a red hair - coat .
sex differences : the female covers the upper range of the wing - span . it is significant - larger than the male . the basic colour of the female is dark - brown . there is a chain of white spots on the fore wings . on the hind wings there are big yellow marks . these marks have a dark core . the underside is a copy from upside .
the first description of this butterfly was in 175by linnaeus . there are many subspecies .
cites : ( convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora ) : - appendix ii - ( as at 12 . 02 . 2008 )
eu regulation on trading with species of wild fauna and flora : - appendix b - ( as at 19 . 08 . 2005 )
the cairns birdwing butterfly is the largest of all australian butterflies and found along northeastern australia from mackay to cooktown .
the male birdwing is green , gold and black and is very colourful , compared to the female which is black and white , with some yellow . the female is bigger than the male .
when you visit us at the sanctuary , keep an eye out for the mating ritual between the female and male . the male will chase the female around in the hopes she will show interest , before they commence their mating process – if the female thinks the male is a worthy partner , of course !
as soon as adult butterflies hatch they mate quickly because they only live for 4 to 5 weeks .
australian butterfly sanctuary has celebrated its landmark 30th year of operation ! initially designed and built [ . . . ]
a question we often get asked is about why some butterflies have holes in their [ . . . ]
kuranda easter celebrations it is that time of the year again when families can get [ . . . ]
butterfly eyes are unique and function differently compared to the human eye . although butterflies may [ . . . ]
if you didn’t already know , butterflies are actually cold blooded animals . this means their body [ . . . ]
there are many different sections within the australian butterfly sanctuary , each are crucial to the [ . . . ]
you might remember recently , we mentioned that we had some orange migrant caterpillars in our [ . . . ]
our butterfly guide , robin , has often been asked “do butterflies have a brain ? ” this is a [ . . . ]
thank you all for the visit and wonderful support , so very much appreciated . butterfly kisses , johanna
congrats on your feature in winged insects group permanent feature page mother’s day features sunday may 13th 2012 ……… . johan ☺
hi johan , thanks for the feature in your wonderful group , a great honor . butterfly kisses , johanna
hi evita , thanks for the feature in your wonderful group , a great honor . butterfly kisses , johanna
receive exclusive deals and awesome artist news and content right to your inbox . free for your convenience .
coral reef fishes ( balistapus undulatus , hippocamus sp . , balistoides conspicillum , chaetodon capistratus )
our works bring balance and symmetry , nurturing the souls of the artists , their families and communities on all sides of the world . by developing new and innovative projects , we can continue to distribute generous royalties to artists and support economic sustainability for communities in developing regions . .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
see the video ! ! still photographs do not do the product full justice . in order to appreciate the subtle iridescent hues of the replica male butterfly , go to the video link : see the video !
around 40 golden males ( of varying quality ) were produced prior to the strain becoming untenable .
as striking as the male is , much work has gone into producing the pale female which we think is it ' s equal in terms of beauty .
the numbering of the series will be strictly allocated on a first come / first served basis , along with a certificate of authenticity .
butterfly replicas ltd , 20 polegate , luton , bedfordshire , lu2 8aj , united kingdom . telephone : 44 ( 0 ) 7512160670
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 / / en
all rights reserved . no part of this publication may be reproduced ( except brief passages for the purpose of a review ) , stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means , electronic , mechanical , photocopying , recording or otherwise , without the prior written permission of the author .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
the richmond birdwing is one of australia ' s largest butterflies with a wingspan of up to 15cm in females and 13cm in males . the wings of males are velvety green and black on the upper side , with vivid blue , green and gold patches on the hindwings on the underside . the wings of the female are dark grey or brown with white and yellow patches on the upper and underside . both male and female have a green stripe on the thorax ( between the head and stomach ) and distinctive red patches on their bodies at the base of the wing .
the mature larvae can grow up to 70mm long and are variable in colour , ranging from black to whitish grey . larvae have a series of prominent , fleshy spines running along their belly .
( common & waterhouse 1981 ; sands & scott 1996 ; braby 2000 ) .
the richmond birdwing distribution once extended from grafton in new south wales to maryborough in southern queensland . today it is only known in two areas from caboolture to kin kin in the north and nerang to wardell in new south wales in the south . ( sands & new 2002 ) .
richmond birdwing butterflies live in subtropical rainforest where its larval host plants richmond birdwing vine and mountain aristolochia vine grow . the richmond birdwing vine occurs below 600m asl on basaltic slopes , creek banks , or on volcanic alluvial soils near watercourses , while mountain aristolochia vine occurs on basaltic ridges and slopes at > 800m asl . montane populations are subject to periodic extinctions and re - colonisation is dependent on immigrants from the lowlands . ( common & waterhouse 1981 ; sands & scott 1996 ; sands et al . 1997 ) .
adults feed on nectar from a range of rainforest canopy and exotic garden species . the primary food plant at altitudes below 600m is the richmond birdwing vine ( p . praevenosa ) , but in areas above 800m , mountain aristolochia ( p . lahevana ) is used as a substitute . ( manski 1960 ; sands & scott 1996 ; sands et al . 1997 ) .
this species has a flying period from september to april in coastal areas and november to february in coastal ranges . adults fly throughout the day but are more active during the early morning and late afternoon . the larvae have relatively high food demands and may cannibalise each other , resulting in low densities on suitable vines . ( common & waterhouse 1981 ; sands 1990 ; fitzgibbon 1997 ; sands et al . 1997 ; braby 2000 ; sands & scott 2002 ) .
the richmond birdwing lays round , greenish - yellow eggs singly or in small clusters on the native richmond birdwing vine ( paristolochia praevenosa ) and the mountain aristolochia vine ( p . laheyana ) . the eggs hatch in 9 - 13 days , begin pupation at 1 month and typically emerge 29 - 40 days later . pupae formed late in the breeding season may enter diapause over winter , not emerging until the following spring . there are two breeding periods ( bivoltine ) per year in the lowlands , but only one per year ( univoltine ) at higher altitudes . ( common & waterhouse 1981 ; orr 1994 ; sands & scott 1996 , 1997 ; braby 2000 ; sands & scott 2002 ) .
richmond birdwing have few predators compared with other butterflies . eggs are preyed upon by mites , ants , beetles and bug species . larvae are taken by spiders , ants , beetles , bugs , birds and may be cannibalised by other larvae . pupae are attacked by parasitoid wasps and birds . adults are eaten by spiders , wasps and occassionaly birds . ( sands & scott 2002 ) .
known : 1 . habitat destruction and degradation , especially lowland rainforest containing suitable breeding sites .
2 . impact of exotic aristolochia elegans which is toxic to larvae and has spread from gardens into national parks and reserves .
braby , m . f . ( 2000 ) . the butterflies of australia : their identification , biology and distribution . volume 1 & 2 . csiro : melbourne .
common , i . f . b . & waterhouse , d . f . ( 1981 ) . butterflies of australia . reprint edition of 1995 . csiro australia : east melbourne .
dunn , k . l . & dunn , l . e . ( 1991 ) . review of australian butterflies : distribution , life history and taxonomy . part 1 : introduction , papilionidae , pieridae and regional adult temporal data . dunn & dunn : melbourne .
manski , m . j . ( 1960 ) . food plats of some queensland lepidoptera . queensland naturalist 16 , 68 - 73 .
mcfarland , d . c . ( 2007 ) . taxon profiles version 2 . 0 : threatened and priority fauna taxa in queensland : biology and distribution . queensland environmental protection agency , brisbane .
orr , a . g . ( 1994 ) . inbreeding depression in australian butterflies : some implications for conservation . memoirs of the queensland museum 36 , 179 - 184 .
sands , d . ( 1990 ) . australia ' s endangered butterflies . entomological society of queensland news bulletin 18 , 63 - 68 .
sands , d . p . a . & new , t . r . ( 2002 ) . the action plan for australian butterflies . environment australia : canberra .
sands , d & scott , s . ( 1997 ) . richmond birdwing . nature australia 25 ( 7 ) , 24 - 29 .
press j to jump to the feed . press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts
here ' s another angle showing the whole length . - we ' re currently watching the pupa carefully in the hopes of creating a time - lapse so i ' ll make sure to post that here for those interested .
the two red prongs at the front are a defence mechanism thought to mimic the forked tongue of a snake .
it ' s illegal to interfere with this species at any point of its development and you can get quite a hefty fine .
correct , as you could probably guess from the name , cairns specifically haha .
this is the only article i could find with information the others don ' t seem to go as in depth .
i love the cairns birdwing ! it ' s my favorite butterfly and caterpillar . here are some that i photographed at the atherton tablelands , near mareeba .
i ' ve never seen that rose fungus before , that ' s some crazy lookin ' shit .
now that you know what to look for , i bet you ' ll find it . i think it ' s native to australia because i ' ve never seen it elsewhere .
thanks ! all of a sudden all the butterflies have decided our garden is the place to lay their eggs , within this week we ' ve found 2 ulysses larva - which are a bit smaller , have the same defence mechanism but orange and they have a fake eye on their back which they show off .
also found a hawk moth larva in it ' s final instar which is about 12cm .
bigstock and big stock photo are registered trademarks of shutterstock . bigstockphoto is a trademark of shutterstock . © 2004 - 2018 all rights reserved - bigstock®
current page requires javascript , this web browser either does not support javascript , or scripts are being blocked . please turn on javascript or use different browser .
© 2009 - 2018 . depositphotos , inc . usa . all rights reserved .
to organize and save selections in a folder you must first register or log in . registration is free !
login or register ! to organize the photos in galleries you must first register or login . registration is free !
our monthly packs allow you to download hi - res photos and vector files whenever you want within a month , with just one simple price for all files .
if you don ' t use all your downloads , they simply roll over to the next month for as long as your pack is active or renewed .
the author of this picture , peter also has 177 images in the same series .
to download this image , you can buy fotolia credits , a monthly pack or purchase a subscription plan and benefit from the amazing price of $ 0 . 19 per image .
with the standard license , images can be used for any illustrative purpose in any type of media . examples : websites , web banners , newsletters , pdf documents , blogs , emails , slide shows , tv and video presentations , cell phones , splash screens , movies , magazine articles , books , advertising , brochures , document illustrations , booklets , billboards , business cards , packaging , etc .
the extended license gives you all the rights granted by the standard license , but also the ability to print our creative files more than 500 , 000 times and allows you to use them on your own products . an extended license lets you create derivative products or services intended for resale or distribution . examples : postcards , calendars , posters , t - shirts , print & presentations templates , video clips intended for resale , video applications , and any project where the fotolia file lends primary value to the product intended for resale or distribution .
you ' ll get access to all the essential fotolia content and so much more .
adobe stock offers an incredible range of exceptional images , videos , and templates plus 3d , editorial , and premium assets to make your work stand out .
preview watermarked images inside your designs to make sure they look just right . then license and manage them directly within photoshop cc , illustrator cc , indesign cc , and other adobe desktop apps for a seamless workflow .
{
interception
: {
ipc
: false ,
ii
:
1
} ,
fotolia _ tooltip
: {
licenses _ label
:
licenses :
} ,
fotolia
: {
host _ base
:
urltoken
} ,
search
: {
header - search
: {
autocomplete _ container _ id
:
search - 5b439e788754b
,
autocomplete _ url
:
https : \ / \ / autocomplete . urltoken \ / ? language _ id = 2
} } }