negombata magnifica or latrunculia magnifica , commonly known as toxic finger-sponge , is a species of sponge found from the red sea and indian ocean .

its reddish-brown narrow crooked branches can grow up to 70 centimetres ( 28 in ) .

negombata magnifica is extremely toxic because of the toxin latrunculin .

negombata magnifica lives on shallow coral reefs in the northern waters of the red sea .

unlike many other species of sponges that live in abundance in these waters , preferring to grow between corals and rocks , or under them , negombata magnifica grows in sight .

the local fish wo n't touch it so it does n't get damaged .

when touched it releases a strongly smelling , reddish juice , which instantaneously makes all the fish flee away .

negombata magnifica is grown artificially to harvest latrunculin .

negombata magnifica

a new dimension to the biosynthetic products isolated from the sponge negombata magnifica . - pubmed - ncbi
latrunculeic acid ( 3 ) , a novel analogue of latrunculin b ( 2a ) , was isolated from the red sea sponge negombata magnifica and characterized . several known compounds were also isolated , including latrunculin b ( 2a ) , 15 - methoxylatrunculin b ( 2b ) , 16 - epi - latrunculin b ( 4 ) , and latrunculin c ( 5 ) . in contrast to the other members of the latrunculin family , the novel compound 3 is a polyketide devoid of the normal macrocyclic and thiazolidinone rings present in previously identified members of this family .
( of latrunculia magnifica keller , 1889 ) keller , c . ( 1889 ) . die spongienfauna des rothen meeres ( i . hälfte ) . z . wiss . zool . 48 : 311 - 405 , pls xx - xxv . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of latrunculia magnifica keller , 1889 ) samaai , t . ; gibbons , m . j . ; kelly , m . ( 2006 ) . revision of the genus latrunculia du bocage , 1869 ( porifera : demospongiae : latrunculiidae ) with descriptions of new species from new caledonia and the northeastern pacific . zootaxa . 1127 : 1 - 71 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
the location of latrunculin b , the major toxin of the red sea sponge negombata magnifica , was revealed using specific antibodies . antibodies from rabbits immunized with a conjugate of latrunculin b with keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( klh ) were purified over a latrunculin b–sepharose affinity column . analysis of immunohistochemical and immunogold - stained sponge sections , using light and transmission electron microscopy , revealed latrunculin b labeling mostly beneath the sponge cortex at the border between the external ( ectosome ) and internal ( endosome ) layers ( ectosome - endosome border ) . the endosome was less labeled than the border . immunogold localization revealed latrunculin b in the sponge cells but not in its prokaryotic symbionts . archeocytes and choanocytes were significantly more labeled than other cells . the antibodies primarily labeled membrane - limited vacuoles within archeocytes and choanocytes that are perhaps latrunculin b secretory or storage vesicles . peripheral latrunculin b may have a role in defense against external epibionts , predators , and competitors .
marine sponges have been considered as a gold mine , with respect to the diversity of their secondary metabolites . many sponge extracts and isolated compounds are potential anticancer agents . in the present study , the antiproliferative activity of negombata magnifica was investigated as petroleum ether extract ( pe ) , total methanolic extract ( me ) and two sub - fractions ii and iii , isolated pure compounds ( palmitic acid and pregnanediol ) , sponge mesohyl and primmorphs ethyl acetate extract . palmitic acid was used as a positive control . cell viability was assessed via mtt assay , and apoptosis was investigated in terms of dna fragmentation and bcl2 gene expression . cell cycle analysis was performed via flow cytometry . glc analysis of pe revealed that it contains 84 . 46 % hydrocarbons and 15 . 54 % sterols , whereas the fatty acids contain 38 . 62 % saturated and 61 . 38 % unsaturated fatty acids . results revealed that except for pregnanediol and fraction ii , all treatments exhibited cytotoxic activity . primmorphs ethyl acetate extract and fraction iii arrested cells in g0–g1 , while fraction ii arrested cell cycle in g2 / m . pe extract arrested cells in g0–g1 and g2 / m . mesohyl , pe and fraction iii could be apoptotic agents as indicated by dna fragmentation independent on bcl2 expression , while me and pregnanediol could exhibited pro - apoptotic effect through decreasing bcl2 expression although no dna ladder was observed .
keller , c . ( 1889 ) . die spongienfauna des rothen meeres ( i . hälfte ) . z . wiss . zool . 48 : 311 - 405 , pls xx - xxv . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
van soest , r . w . m ; boury - esnault , n . ; hooper , j . n . a . ; rützler , k . ; de voogd , n . j . ; alvarez , b . ; hajdu , e . ; pisera , a . b . ; manconi , r . ; schönberg , c . ; klautau , m . ; picton , b . ; kelly , m . ; vacelet , j . ; dohrmann , m . ; díaz , m . - c . ; cárdenas , p . ; carballo , j . l . ; ríos , p . ; downey , r . ( 2018 ) . world porifera database .
kelly , m . ; samaai , t . 2002 . family podospongiidae de laubenfels , 1936 . pp . 694 - 702 . in hooper , j . n . a . & van soest , r . w . m . ( ed . ) systema porifera . a guide to the classification of sponges . 1 ( kluwer academic / plenum publishers : new york , boston , dordrecht , london , moscow ) . [ details ]
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department of chemistry and biochemistry and institute for marine sciences , university of california , santa cruz , california 95064 , usa .
research support , u . s . gov ' t , p . h . s .
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custodio r , prokic i , steffen r , koziol c , borojevic r , brümmer f , nickel m , müller w ( 1998 ) primmorphs generated from dissociated cells of the sponge suberites domuncula : a model system for studies of cell proliferation and cell death . mech ageing dev 105 : 45–59
del gaizo moore r , certo m , love m , novina d , letai a ( 2007 ) chronic lymphocytic leukemia requires bcl2 to sequester prodeath bim , explaining sensitivity to bcl2 antagonist abt - 737 . j clin invest 117 ( 1 ) : 112–121
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essack m , bajic v , archer j ( 2011 ) recently confirmed apoptosis - inducing lead compounds isolated from marine sponge of potential relevance in cancer treatment . mar drugs 9 : 1580–1606
frederick r , harrison w ( 1991 ) microscopic anatomy of invertebrates , placozoa , porifera , cnidaria , and ctenophora . wiley - liss , new york
gamet - payrastre l , li p , lumeau s , cassar g , dupont a , chevolleau s , gasc n , tulliez j , terce f ( 2000 ) sulforaphane , a naturally occurring isothiocyanate , induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ht29 human colon cancer cells . cancer res 60 : 1426–1433
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harada h , yamashita u , kurihara h , fukushi e , kawabata j , kamei y ( 2002 ) antitumor activity of palmitic acid found as a selective cytotoxic substance in a marine red alga . anticancer res 22 ( 5 ) : 2587–2590
hashem f , el - souda s , selim a , shaker k , maamoun a , aboutabl e ( 2014 ) composition of lipoidal matter and evaluation of hepatoprotective , cytotoxic , and antioxidant activities of khaya grandifoliola cdc . growing in egypt . egypt pharm j 13 ( 1 ) : 13–18
hayashi y , nishikawa y , mori h , tamura h , matsushita y , matsu t ( 1998 ) antitumor activity of ( 10e , 12z ) - 9 - hydroxy - 10 , 12 - octadecadienoic acid from rice bran . j ferment bioeng 86 ( 2 ) : 149–153
joshi h , joshi b , sati h , gururaja mp , shetty r , subrahmanyam e , satyanaryana d ( 2009 ) fatty acids from memecylon umbellatum ( burm . ) . asian j res chem 2 ( 2 ) : 178–180
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müller w ( 2003 ) the origin of metazoan complexity : porifera as integrated animals . integr comp biol 43 : 3–10
müller w , böhm m , batel r , de rosa s , tommonaro g , müller m , schröder c ( 2000 ) application of cell culture for the production of bioactive compounds from sponges : synthesis of avarol by primmorphs from dysidea avara . j nat prod 63 : 1077–1081
osinga r , tramper j , wijffels h ( 1999 ) cultivation of marine sponges . mar biotechnol 1 : 509–532
rady h ( 2014 ) sponge mesohyl induces anti - proliferation activity and cell cycle arrest in colon cancer in - vitro . res j pharm biol chem sci 5 ( 6 ) : 1070–1074
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uriz j , turon x , becerro ma , galera j ( 1996 ) feeding deterrence in sponges . the role of toxicity , physical defenses , energetic contents , and life - history stage . j exp mar biol ecol 205 : 187–204
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xue x , qu xj , gao zh , sun cc , liu hp , zhao cr , cheng yn , lou hx ( 2012 ) riccardin d , a novel macrocyclic bisbibenzyl , induces apoptosis of human leukemia cells by targeting dna topoisomerase ii . invest new drugs 30 ( 1 ) : 212–222
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key words : porifera , natural product , antibodies , secondary metabolite , defense .
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3cf98ff7 - 6ae5 - 11e5 - 9d43 - bc764e092680 : col20150315
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3cfa428a - 6ae5 - 11e5 - 9d43 - bc764e092680 : col20150315
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3cfa4426 - 6ae5 - 11e5 - 9d43 - bc764e092680 : col20150315
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3d26dce0 - 6ae5 - 11e5 - 9d43 - bc764e092680 : col20150315
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : e5d3cbed - e319 - 11e5 - 86e7 - bc764e092680 : col20150315
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 4d32a8d3 - e478 - 11e5 - 86e7 - bc764e092680 : col20150315
van soest r . w . m , boury - esnault n . , hooper j . n . a . , rützler k . , de voogd n . j . , alvarez de glasby b . , hajdu e . , pisera a . b . , manconi r . , schoenberg c . , janussen d . , tabachnick k . r . klautau m . , picton b . , kelly m . , vacelet j . , dohrmann m . , d ( 2018 ) . worms porifera : world porifera database ( version 2016 - 03 - 01 ) . in : species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 2016 annual checklist ( roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , flann c . , bailly n . , kirk p . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , eds ) . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 884x .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 7d1377a3 - e478 - 11e5 - 86e7 - bc764e092680 : col20150315
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the red fody ( foudia madagascariensis ) , sometimes known as the madagascar fody , red cardinal fody or common fody , is a small bird native to madagascar and introduced to various other islands in the indian ocean .

it is a common bird within its restricted range , and the international union for conservation of nature has assessed its conservation status as being of " least concern " .

red fody

red - headed fody ( f . eminentissima ) ( comoro fody and aldabra fody if species split )
the red fody ( foudia madagascariensis ) , sometimes known as the madagascar fody , red cardinal fody or common fody , is a small bird native to madagascar .
image taken in praslin island , seychelles . the red fody ( foudia madagascariensis ) , sometimes known as the madagascar fody , red cardinal fody or common fody , is a small bird native to madagascar . you can find it in seychelles . male are are brightly coloured ( red , yellow and black ) and female are brown .
the endemic fody bears a close resemblance to the exotic madagascar fody which is very common in mauritius . . the male madagascar fody , however , has completely bright red plumage during breeding season .
the mauritius fody is classified as endangered ( en ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
in 1994 its status on the iucn red list was categorised as critically endangered .
the red fody is about 5 inches in length and weighs 14–19 grams . the male of the species is bright red with black markings around each eye . its wings and tail are olive - brown . the female fody ' s upper body is olive - brown and its underbody is greyish - brown .
classified as near threatened ( nt ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list 2007 ( 1 ) .
similar spp . non - breeding male , female and juvenile separated from madagascar red fody f . madagascariensis by darker , less streaked plumage , plumper body and relatively shorter tail .
réunion fody ( foudia madagascariensis bruante ) - disputed race . most combine them with nominate
the northern red bishop or orange bishop ( euplectes franciscanus ) is a weaver belonging to the family ploceidae .
the red fody is a small passerine bird . it is commonly found in forest clearings , grasslands , natural savannahs and cultivated areas such as farmlands and rice paddies where it is sometimes regarded as a pest .
linnaeus ( 1766 ) briefly descriped the madagascar fody , based on the longer description in brisson 1760 .
the mauritius fody is found only on the island of mauritius . the male mauritius fody boasts a brilliant red head , neck and breast , while females have drabber olive - brown plumage . adults are approximately 14 centimetres long . this solitary songbird prefers native scrub and forest habitat and feeds mainly on insects , supplemented by fruit and nectar .
the population of the mauritius fody suffered a rapid decline in the 1970s due to nest predation and habitat loss .
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
the madagascar fodies ( foudia madagascariensis ) - also known as red fodies , red cardinal fodies or common fodies - are abundant in their native habitat of madagascar ( an island off the east coast of southern africa ) , and these small weavers have been introduced to many other islands .
the madagascar or red fody was completed in the summer of 2015 . i was learning a lot about the animals of madagascar , and when i was created a collage of the animals i added this wonderful songbird . it seemed to be typical of the birds there - and i love the red / orange coloration of the bird . the drawing is based on a photo by tickspics and was used with permission .
) , a red - headed finch that is for some reason known locally as “colins” . photograph : richard aspinall / www . triggerfish . co . uk
iucn . 2016 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2016 - 3 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 07 december 2016 ) .
often mistaken : the madagascar fody ( foudia madagascarensis ) is very common in mauritius . photo © g . gerra & s . sommazzi
safford , rj . the annual cycle and breeding behaviour of the mauritius fody , foudia rubra . ostrich , 68 , 58 - 67 .
non - breeding birds , juveniles and females basically look like plain sparrows . however , just before the breeding season , the male molts into a flashy scarlet - red plumage .
it was formerly regarded as a subspecies of the southern red bishop ( euplectes orix ) of the southern half of africa . the two are now usually classified as separate species .
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clearing mauritius’s forests has been catastrophic to the fody , while predators such as black rats and crab - eating macaques that have been brought to the island have caused almost total breeding failure in most areas . the native fodies may also face competition from the madagascar fody , which has been introduced to mauritius .
safford rj . nesting success of the mauritius fody foudia rubra in relation to its use of exotic trees as nest sites . ibis , 139 , 555 - 559 .
13 cm ; 13–20 g . male breeding is crimson - red , with short black line through eye , black central streaks on mantle , blackish upperwing and tail ; pale fringes on upperwing . . .
fine art illustration of a madagascar or red fody . the print is hand - signed by the artist and is guaranteed to arrive in perfect condition . the reproduction of this original pen and ink drawing is done on high quality acid - free archival paper . call 1 800 - 913 - 7906 for more information or to order by phone . click here for shipping info .
safford , r . j . ( 1997 ) the annual cycle and breeding behaviour of the mauritius fody foudia rubra . ostrich , 68 ( 2 ) : 58 - 67 .
craig , a . ( 2018 ) . red fody ( foudia madagascariensis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
flacourt wrote about the fody as being captured by the locals because it was a pest on the rice crops , and he thought them to be beautiful due to their scarlet plumage .
14 cm . medium - sized , brown forest weaver . vermilion - red head , neck and breast with black loral area . dark brown back , wings and tail streaked with buff . reddish rump and uppertail - coverts .
the rodrigues fody inhabits dense forest , showing a distinct preference for areas of mature forest , with tall trees , a closed canopy and a high diversity of tree species ( 6 ) .
breeding male : bright red plumage with black markings around each eye . its wings and tail are olive - brown . plumage variations exist with some males having a plumage that is more orangey or yellowish . in captivity a yellow form has occurred .
the population is closely monitored , and has grown to 55 - 60 breeding pairs and over 165 birds , combined with the wild population in the gorges this brings the total to around 400 birds . in may 2009 the iucn red list status of the mauritius fody was lowered to endangered . although this is a postive step , the numbers and range of the fodies are still very small , and efforts must continue to increase the number of birds .
safford , rj . the destruction of source and sink habitats in the decline of the mauritius fody , foudia rubra , an island - endemic bird . biodiversity and conservation , 6 , 513 - 527 .
safford , r . j . ( 1997 ) nesting success of the mauritius fody foudia rubra in relation to its use of exotic trees as nest sites . ibis , 139 ( 3 ) : 555 - 559 .
breeding males of this medium - sized forest weaver bird are highly distinctive , with a bright red head , neck and breast , and dark olive - brown back , wings and tail streaked with pale brown ( 2 ) ( 3 ) . the rump is also reddish ( 2 ) , and two white bars pattern the wings ( 3 ) . in the non - breeding season , males lose their vivid red colouration and resemble females . the slightly hooked beak of males is black , while that of females and juveniles is horn - coloured ( 3 ) .
formerly widely distributed on the island of rodrigues , mauritius , the rodrigues fody is now confined to an area of about ten square kilometres , centred on cascade pigeon valley in the north of the island ( 2 ) ( 6 ) .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : foudia madagascariensis . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
description : the red fody is about 14cm in length and weighs 14–19 grams . the male is bright red with black markings around each eye . its wings and tail are olive - brown . the female ' s upper body is olive - brown and it’s under body is greyish - brown . in the non - breeding season , males lose their vivid red colouration and resemble females . the slightly hooked beak of males is black , while that of females and juveniles is horn - coloured . habitat : forest clearings , grasslands , cultivated areas , woodland or shrubland and some also occur in man - made habitats . breeding : occurs between late june and early april . both sexes help to build the nest , which is then lined by the female only . between 2 - 4 eggs are laid and incubated by the female , with the male helping to feed the chicks for two weeks after hatching before they fledge and leave the nest to disperse . at the end of the breeding season , the adults undergo a complete moult . pairs defend the territory all year and do not make a seasonal migration .
the mauritius fody , a small endemic songbird , was once common in the forests of mauritius . over time , numbers declined due to habitat loss and nest predation , and it became restricted to a small range within the black river gorges .
historically the seychelles fody probably occurred in natural lowland forest , but today it has adapted to a range of man - made habitats , and can thrive in highly modified environments such as gardens and coconut plantations ( 3 ) ( 4 ) .
millett , j . , currie , d . , hill , m . and shah , n . j . ( 2001 ) species conservation assessment and action plan 2001 - 2006 , seychelles fody . birdlife seychelles , republic of seychelles . available at : urltoken
the diet of the mauritius fody is comprised primarily of invertebrates , but nectar , fruit , seeds and the eggs of birds and geckos are also consumed ( 5 ) . some females have even been seen feeding on the eggs of other mauritius fodies ( 3 ) .
impey , a . j . , côté , i . m . and jones , c . g . ( 2002 ) population recovery of the threatened endemic rodrigues fody ( foudia flavicans ) ( aves , ploceidae ) following reforestation . biological conservation , 107 : 299 - 305 .
ongoing work on the black river gorges population will involve surveys and the mapping out of the fody ' s territory , with the aim of establishing population numbers more precisely . monitoring and management of the island population will contine , concentrating on breeding activity and the collection of feeding data .
nests of the rodrigues fody have been found situated high up in trees and are large , domed structures composed of fine grasses and palm fibres , and speckled with cotton pieces and feathers ( 3 ) ( 5 ) . the eggs of this species are pale blue ( 3 ) .
the mauritius fody has suffered a constant and severe decline in range and numbers since 1975 , and is now found only in southwest mauritius ( 2 ) , and on the small , offshore island of ile aux aigrettes , where captive - bred fodies were released in 2003 ( 3 ) .
on january 12 , 1995 , the mauritius fody was designated as endangered in the entire range . within the area covered by this listing , this species is known to occur in : mauritius . the u . s . fish & wildlife service ( null ) is the lead region for this entity .
the northern red bishop displays prominently , singing high - pitched squeaks from tall grass , puffing out his feathers or performing a slow hovering display flight . it builds a spherical woven nest in tall grass . two to four eggs are laid . this weaver is a gregarious species which feeds on seed , grain and some insects , all the time making a thin tsip call .
inhabits all types of forest , even degraded forest invaded by introduced plant species ( 2 ) . on the mainland , the highest densities of this bird are found in small plantations of exotic trees surrounded by degraded native forest . on ile aux aigrettes , the mauritius fody inhabits lowland ebony forest and coastal scrub ( 3 ) .
the inquisitive rodrigues fody , often seen in pairs or conspicuous , vocal flocks ( 5 ) ( 6 ) , is a largely insectivorous bird that searches for insect prey from ground level up to heights of ten metres off the ground ( 5 ) . it moves along branches , carefully inspecting the bark for insects ( 4 ) , extracting prey from crevices or the undersides of leaves and branches , and sometimes hanging upside down as it reaches for its food ( 5 ) . as well as this insect diet , the rodrigues fody feeds on spiders , seeds , some fruit , and also nectar ( 2 ) , which its brush - tipped tongue is highly developed for ( 7 ) .
although threatened by the clearance of upland forest , the mauritius fody has also been suddenly lost from areas of intact habitat ( 2 ) . it is thought that these regions have been affected by particularly high levels of egg predation by both the black rat ( rattus rattus ) and the crab - eating macaque ( macaca fascicularis ) ( 6 ) .
, french governor of madagascar . he wrote a book of the natural history , culture and history of southern madagascar in 1658 , including line drawings of some of the fauna and flora . he called the fody
foulimene
, and this is probably the first illustration ( although a poor one ) of any weaver species to appear in print .
these birds live in savannah , cultivated landscapes and urban areas in flocks of hundreds . they feed on seeds , nectar and insects . the males build very intricate oval nests with a tunnel - like entrance by weaving together grasses . in the nest - building season males are fed by the females . in the breeding season the males turn a red colour , while the females remain a plain brown colour . they lay 2–4 eggs with brooding lasting 11–14 days .
the next morning , i drove to the nearby le domaine de l’etoile , again another fragment of natural forest with trees rare enough to stop a motorway construction . the leaf - strewn forest of sturdy buttresses again includes black ebony - so nearly eradicated . on some of the trunks , i could still the motorway route daubed in red paint . a few of the tarmac - stoppers exist as only a handful of specimens . sadly , some of these groups are all - male and thus presumably doomed .
chinese : ? ? ? . . . czech : snovatec madagaskarský . . . danish : madagaskarvæver . . . dutch : madagascarwever , madagaskarwever . . . finnish : madagaskarinkutoja . . . french : foudi de madagascar , foudi rouge , foudy malgache . . . german : madagaskar weber , madagaskarweber . . . italian : fody rosso , tessitore fiammante . . . japanese : beninojiko , shiroharabeninojiko . . . malagasy : fodilahimena , fodimena , fody , horovana . . . norwegian : madagaskarvever , rødvever . . . polish : fudi madagaskarski , wiklacz czerwony , wik ? acz czerwony . . . russian : ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . . slovak : fodia ? ervená . . . spanish : fodi malgache , fodi rojo . . . swedish : madagaskarvävare
the madagascar fody inhabits open country , including natural savanna , cultivated areas and towns , and clearings in forest . it is not found in intact forest in madagascar ( except in transit ) , but forages in forest on rodrigues island . roost - sites include sugar cane , bamboos , tall grasses , reedbeds , and mangroves and other trees . they show well - synchronized entry into and departure from large roosts ( read more
the seychelles fody belongs to the weaver family of birds , a group known for their elaborate woven nests . the plumage is rather dull , being dark olive brown all over , with slightly darker back and wings . breeding males have a lemon yellow wash on their crown , face and chin . there is also often a small white patch on the wing , and the bill is black . females , non - breeding males and juveniles all lack any yellow feathers , and have brown bills and legs . when at the nesting site it can be heard making a tok - tok - tok noise , and its alarm calls include a tchrr sound ( 2 ) .
unusually for weaver birds , species of foudia are often monogamous . the mauritius fody generally holds territories of over one hectare exclusively with just one mate ( 4 ) , although some male mauritius fodies have been observed with more than one female ( 3 ) . breeding between late june and early april ( 3 ) ( 4 ) , both sexes help to build the nest , which is then lined by the female only . between two and four eggs are laid and incubated by the female , with the male helping to feed the chicks after hatching for two weeks , before they fledge and leave the nest to disperse . at the end of the breeding season , the adults undergo a complete moult . pairs defend the territory all year , and do not make seasonal migrations ( 4 ) .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as very common ( morris and hawkins 1998 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
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in the past sometimes considered conspecific with f . omissa . has hybridized with f . sechellarum in seychelles ( aride i ) ; an old report of hybridization in captivity with ploceus vitellinus and with domestic canary ( serinus canaria ) . monotypic .
introduced on reunion , mauritius , seychelles , rodrigues , amirantes and chagos is , in indian ocean ; also on st helena , in atlantic ocean ; and bahrain , in arabian peninsula . present also on glorieuses is and comoro is , which it may have colonized without human assistance .
high - pitched trilling song ,
trrr tree tree
, may include short , wheezy phrases . male . . .
open country , including natural savanna , cultivated areas and towns , and clearings in forest ; not . . .
primarily seeds ; also nectar , arthropods . seeds including those of such grasses as
breeds sept–may in madagascar ; introduced populations nov–apr on mauritius , oct–may ( peak activity feb–apr ) on . . .
resident . immature birds form discrete flocks , and dispersal across forested regions has been noted .
not globally threatened . abundant in madagascar . often common where introduced ( population on reunion estimated at 144 , 000 in 1983 ) , except on comoros , where not widespread ; . . .
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warren bh , bermingham e , bourgeois y , estep lk , prys - jones rp , strasberg d , thébaud c . evolution . 2012 may ; 66 ( 5 ) : 1490 - 505 . doi : 10 . 1111 / j . 1558 - 5646 . 2011 . 01550 . x .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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josep del hoyo , herve jacob , peter fraser , peter nash , greg baker , joe angseesing , keith and lynn youngs .
cedric mroczko , rmoenke , alainbfosse , lad , salvador busquets , erkki lehtovirta , dubi shapiro , andrew emmerson , tomasz doroń , joris bertrand , opwall madagascar , marvinhyett , daniel galvet , ari rice , pierre - paul evrard , jens thalund , phil gregory , dannie polley , josep del hoyo , zotyesz , christophe . thebaud , frédéric pelsy , paul bartlett , christophe gouraud , paul van giersbergen .
the madagascar fodies are native to the island of madagascar . they have been introduced to some other islands in the indian ocean , including the amirantes , chagos , seychelles , rodrigues , mauritius and réunion ; as well as on the island of saint helena - located in the south atlantic ocean .
they also occur on the glorieuses and comoro islands , which they may have colonized without human assistance . recently , breeding pairs have been discovered in oman and bahrain in the arabian peninsula .
they inhabit areas grasslands , natural savannahs , forest clearings , farmlands and rice paddies , where they sometimes regarded as pests .
most authorities consider this a monotypic species . however , the form found on the island reunion is sometimes considered a species .
average length : ~ 5 inches ( 12 . 5 - 13 . 5 cm )
weight range : 0 . 49 - 0 . 67 oz ( 14 - 19 grams ) - note : some list the maximum weight of these birds to be as high as 0 . 95 oz or 27 g
non - breeding males : outside the monsoon ( rainy ) season , males molt into a plain , olive - brown plumage that resembles that of the females ' .
the upper body is olive - brown ; the plumage below is greyish - brown .
madagascar fodies feed on grass and rice seeds , insects , nectar and arthropods ( such as caterpillars , moths , spiders and beetles ) .
the madagascar fodies form monogamous pair bonds . most breeding activities are observed between october to march .
the male uses grass strips to weave a domed nest with a side entrance that is sometimes extended into a short tunnel . these nests are typically attached to coconut palms , trees , branches of shrubs , reeds or tall grasses .
the average clutch consists of 2 - 4 pale - blue / green , slightly gloss eggs that are incubated by the female alone . both the male and the female feed and protect the young .
their maximum recorded lifespan is 10 + years . they gain reproductive maturity at the age of one year .
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throughout history , crows , ravens and other black birds were feared as symbols of evil or death . …
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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alarm call given in response to harsh calls by reunion grey white - eye . these species were feeding in a mixed foraging flock with reunion bulbul and mascarene paradise flycatcher .
alarm call given by female in response to harsh calls of reunion grey white - eye . these two species were feeding in a mixed party with reunion bulbul and mascarene paradise flycatcher .
song of male given from an elevated perch to , potentially , attract females .
single individual from small tree , about 2 meters high , in gardens at green palace hotel , tana .
ifaty ( mossa park ) , ca 26 km n of toliara , toliara prov .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
il colore di dioniso , in questo passero del madagascar pieno di grazia . the dionysus color , in this madagascar sparrow , full of grace .
efforts to conserve this charismatic species began in the late 1990s , and marooning on predator - free offshore islets was deemed the best strategy to establish additional sub - populations and to ensure the future survival of the species . by 2002 / 3 it was believed that just 98 - 126 wild pairs remained .
the rescue of chicks from nests for hand rearing and subsequent reintroduction started in 2002 and by 2003 the first releases of mauritius fodies were carried out on ile aux aigrettes . this reintroduction was a great success , and the birds were already breeding by 2004 . captive breeding of this species was also initiated at gerald durrell endemic wildlife sanctuary during this time .
monitoring and management of the ile aux aigrettes population is ongoing and is vital in enabling us to plan the future management of this species . data collected has shown that as the number of birds on the island has grown , the territory size and breeding success has diminished . this indicates that the island is now at its carrying capacity for this species , and provides useful information for planning future translocations .
in 2010 , mauritius fodies were released to round island , with the aim of establishing an additional sub - population . unfortunately , due to a variety of reasons , including predation by keel - scaled boas , only one individual survived . there are no active plans for further translocations to round island or other islands currently , although suitable locations will continue to be investigated .
copyright © 2018 mauritian wildlife foundation ( mwf ) . reg charity no : 2134
invertebrates animals with no backbone . monogamous having only one mate during a breeding season , or throughout the breeding life of a pair . territory area occupied and defended by an animal , a pair of animals or a colony .
garrett , l . j . h . , jones , c . g . , cristinacce , a . and bell , d . j . ( 2007 ) competition or co - existence of reintroduced , critically endangered mauritius fodies and invasive madagascar fodies in lowland mauritius ? . biological conservation , 140 : 19 - 28 .
safford , r . j . and jones , c . g . ( 1998 ) strategies for land - bird conservation on mauritius . conservation biology , 12 : 169 - 176 .
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occurs on the seychelles islands of cousin , cousine and frégate . it has also been reintroduced to the island of aride , and introduced to the coral islands of d’arros and denis islands ( 3 ) .
authenticated ( 12 / 07 / 07 ) by dr justin gerlach , scientific co - ordinator , the nature protection trust of seychelles . urltoken
foraging searching for food . hybridization cross - breeding with a different species . hybrids offspring produced by the cross - breeding of two different species . invertebrates animals with no backbone . translocated when a species has been moved , by people , from one area to another .
skerrett , a . , bullock , i . and disley , t . ( 2001 ) birds of the seychelles . christopher helm ltd , london .
it is often found near areas of introduced araucaria species ( evergreen coniferous trees ) ( 5 ) , showing an ability to adapt to some exotic vegetation ( 2 ) .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
sharpe , r . b . ( 1879 ) birds : an account of the petrological , botanical , and zoological collections made in kerguelen ' s land and rodriguez during the transit of venus expeditions . philosophical transactions of the royal society of london , 168 : 459 - 469 .
sinclair , i . and langrand , o . ( 2004 ) birds of the indian ocean islands . struik publishers , cape town .
gill , f . b . ( 1966 ) birds of rodriguez island ( indian ocean ) . ibis , 109 ( 3 ) : 383 - 390 .
melville , d . s . ( 1979 ) madagascar fodies foudia madagascariensis feeding on nectar of lantana camara . ibis , 121 : 361 - 362 .
butchart , s . h . m . , stattersfield , a . j . and collar , n . j . ( 2006 ) how many bird extinctions have we prevented ? . oryx , 40 ( 3 ) : 266 - 278 .
maunder , m . , culham , a . and hankermer , c . ( 1997 ) picking up the pieces : botanical conservation of degraded oceanic islands . in : fiedler , p . l . and kareiva , p . m . ( eds ) conservation biology . chapman and hall , london .
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choose different species from drop - down list and press ' go ' button . see
( latin ) . brisson ' s painting is very poor , but his text is extensive , so there is no doubt about the species he was referring to .
, the administrator of mauritius and reunion . poivre travelled to madagascar in 1756 ( stresemann 1952 ) where he collected many bird specimens for de reaumur .
poivre ' s type specimens did not survive ( stresemann 1952 ) , but the painting of brisson serves as a type .
the above is based on weaver wednesday 2 , a weekly series about the discovery of each weaver species .
) . it has recently been found breeding in oman and bahrain . it is also present on glorieuses and comoro islands , which it may have colonized without human assistance . no subspecies are recognised . successful colonization of islands is thought to be a consequence mainly of its ability to breed successfully in the presence of black rats
the clutch is 2 - 4 eggs , and the eggs are pale blue - green , slightly glossy . the female incubates , but chicks are fed by both sexes , primarily by regurgitation .
the above is based on weaver wednesday , a weekly series about weaver species .
phown ( photos of weaver nests ) provides valuable info on breeding distribution and colony sizes of weavers . you can contribute by registering and submitting photos at virtual museum webpage .
the above is based on weaver wednesday 3 , a weekly series about range changes in south african weaver species .
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this species is classified as endangered because it has an extremely small population . the population has been stable since the early 1990s but then increased following an island translocation , and if it remains stable or increasing with over 250 mature individuals it may warrant downlisting to vulnerable in the future .
, suffered rapid population declines since 1975 , descending from 247 - 260 pairs to c . 108 - 122 pairs in late 2001 ( nichols 2002 )
; no doubt following long - term historic population declines owing to heavy predation by invasive mammals . between 1975 and 1993 , a 55 % decline in both population size and area of occupancy occurred ( safford 1997c )
, and the number of locations fell from six in 1975 to three ( r . nichols
, and an increase in range has been recorded in the main breeding subpopulation ( c . jones
. the long term viability of these small subpopulations is in doubt ( r . nichols
in 2005 , 45 hand reared chicks were released onto ile aux aigrettes ( where the species apparently occurred historically , v . tatayah
2010 ) , where two pairs from previous releases have raised chicks ( anon . 2005 )
. following that success , in 2006 , c . 40 young fledged on ile aux aigrettes and the total population on the island stood at 140 individuals in 2008 ( l . garrett
2012 ) . the most recent population estimate is 180 - 200 individuals in 2011 - 2014 ( v . tatayah , c . jones and n . zuel
. 2015 ) . it is hoped that the population will increase further in the coming years as it expands on ile aux aigrettes . a second translocation to round island began in 2010 ( v . tatayah
however of 32 birds released here between october 2010 and january 2011 all had died by early 2012 , most or all having been predated by round island boas ( v . tatayah
the mainland population was estimated at 216 - 244 individuals in 2002 , with a minimum of 108 breeding pairs , and the population was estimated to have remained at 108 pairs in 2012 ( v . tatayah
2012 ) . this is roughly equivalent to 140 - 170 mature individuals . the latest population estimate for the mainland population in 2011 - 2014 is 240 - 330 individuals ( v . tatayah , c . jones and n . zuel
. 2015 ) , equivalent to 160 - 220 mature individuals . it has since increased following the release of birds on ile aux aigrettes in 2006 with a total of 110 adults there in 2012 and an estimated 180 - 200 individuals in 2011 - 2014 ( v . tatayah , c . jones and n . zuel
. 2015 ) . the pre - release population estimate will be retained until the population is confirmed to have sustained itself above 250 mature individuals for five years .
the population declined rapidly until the early 1990s since which time it has been stable or possibly increasing on the mainland ( cristinacce 2007 , v . tatayah
2011 ) . following translocations to ile aux aigrettes it increased but has since dropped and then stabilised ; translocations to round island have so far been unsuccessful .
it holds territories in all types of native forest , including degraded forest , and it shows an increasing reliance on non - native plantations that afford some protection from nest predators ( c . jones
2010 ) , c . 2 months earlier than the mainland population ( safford , 2013 ) . breeding may be terminated if there is a prolonged period of rain ( > 1 month ) , but dry conditions will not cause an interruption ( safford , 2013 )
historically , clearance of upland forest , particularly for plantations in the 1970s , catastrophically affected this species . introduced predators , notably black rat
and nest predation is regarded as the major cause of present - day decline in this species ( r . switzer
. released birds on round island in 2010 suffered predation by round island boas , with none surviving by early 2012 ( v . tatayah
rats and macaques were controlled as part of a programme to rehabilitate plots of native vegetation ( safford and jones 1998 ) , however macaque control has since dropped to nearly nil ( v . tatayah
. a captive - rearing programme implemented by the mauritian wildlife foundation , the gerald durrell endemic wildlife santuary and the national parks and conservation service is proving highly effective and in 2005 produced 47 individuals from captive parents ( 25 ) and hand reared wild born chicks ( 22 ) ( anon . 2005 )
. protocols for captive husbandry and artificial propagation were developed to facilitate the translocation objectives ( r . switzer
2010 ) . the black river national park partly covers its range , and the habitat around bassin blanc , not originally included within the boundary , is a priority for compulsory government purchase in the future ( jones and hartley 1995 , r . safford
, but this had not happened by 2012 . research into the species ' s ecology is ongoing , and prospective surveys to assess the suitability of round island for translocation were conducted ; initial releases on the island began in 2010 ( l . garrett
and native forest . develop a conservation management area at combo , stocked with favoured nectar - producing plants and with predator controls . increase breeding productivity by supplemental feeding , double clutching and captive - rearing of harvested wild clutches ( c . jones
. identify possible native habitat refuges on both the mainland and offshore islands ( safford 2013 ) . continue releases on offshore islands , including flat island when management allows , and monitor the population on ile aux aigrettes . advocate for the compulsory purchase of land separating bassin blanc from the black river national park and ensure that the national park boundary is extended and appropriate management activities implemented .
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clements , j . f . , t . s . schulenberg , m . j . iliff , d . roberson , t . a . fredericks , b . l . sullivan , and c . l . wood . 2014 . the ebird / clements checklist of birds of the world : version 6 . 9 . downloaded from urltoken
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as very common ( morris and hawkins 1998 ) .
it is a common bird found in forest clearings , grasslands and cultivated areas . in madagascar it is regarded as a pest to rice cultivation . it has been introduced to other areas of the indian ocean , included the amirantes , comoros , seychelles , mauritius and réunion .
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12 - 13 cm . small , drab - olive weaver . yellow face in breeding male . robust black bill .
this species is listed as near threatened because it has a tiny range , occurring at six locations , but its population is increasing and at present there are no serious threats to the species ' s survival .
: cousin , cousine , frégate , d ' arros ( introduced ) , aride ( reintroduced ) and denis ( introduced ) ( vega 2013 ) . the former range included marianne , possibly la digue , and it may have been widespread throughout the praslin group ( watson 1984 , a . skerrett
. population estimates are : cousin c . 1 , 000 birds in 1997 and fluctuating between c . 850 and c . 1 , 200 before and after breeding ( rocamora 1997 ; vega 2005 )
; d ' arros : c . 200 - 300 birds in 1995 ( skerrett 1995 )
. in all , the total population of this species was estimated at c . 3 , 500 individuals in 2004 ( wagner 2004 )
in all , the total population of this species is now estimated at c . 3 , 500 individuals , equating to c . 2 , 300 mature individuals . trend justification : introductions have helped the population of this species to increase continuously at a slow to moderate rate , as verified by surveys .
. occasionally cooperative breeding has been recorded , but usually in pairs ( vega 2005 ) . they may breed several times a year , producing clutches of 1 - 2 eggs ( vega 2005 ) , and even newly translocated birds to aride have managed up to three breeding attempts in the 13 months since translocation ( wagner 2003 )
historically , slaves killed these birds as they were thought to pose a threat to crops ( a . skerrett
. today , the main threat may be competition and predation from introduced species ( a . skerrett
and establish captive breeding populations to support such future reintroductions , in addition to supplementation efforts .
conservationists believe that between 1975 and 1993 the foudia ruba suffered a loss of 55 percent both in terms of population size and area of occupancy .
now due to massive conservation efforts its population is stable and its status downlisted to endangered .
a captive - rearing programme is implemented by the mauritian wildlife foundation , the gerald durrell endemic wildlife sanctuary and the national parks and conservation service .
historically , fodies inhabited the upland areas of southwest mauritius . today , this critically endangered bird is found in just three areas of the island : bassin blanc , macchabee forest road and ile aux aigrettes .
a 1999–2001 survey revealed that the number of fodies in the wild had shrunk substantially since 1975 , from 247–260 pairs to just over 100 . thanks to intensive management , including hand - rearing and translocations to offshore islands , the population has stabilized and is increasing . according to the most recent population estimates , there are 160–220 individuals on the mainland , with an additional 180–200 individuals on offshore island ile aux aigrettes . in 2009 , the species was downlisted from critically endangered to endangered .
wildlife preservation canada saves animals on the brink of extinction . since 1985 , we’ve been saving critically endangered species – species whose numbers in the wild are so low that a great deal more than habitat protection is required to recover them .
cm . bird . the breeding male is scarlet apart from his black head and waistcoat , and brown wings and tail . the conical bill is thick and black .
the non - breeding male is pale yellow streaked above and shading to whitish below . it has a buff supercilium . females are similar , but smaller . young birds have wider pale fringes on their flight feathers .
this common weaver occurs in a range of open country , especially tall grassland and often near water .
. in baker , r . o . ; crabb , a . c .
( 2nd ed . ) . college station , tx , us : texas a & m press . p .
cuckoo - finch also called parasitic weaver ( a . imberbis ) ( probably belongs in viduidae )
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 8 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
1 . forest - > 1 . 5 . forest - subtropical / tropical dry suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 2 . savanna - > 2 . 1 . savanna - dry suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 3 . shrubland - > 3 . 5 . shrubland - subtropical / tropical dry suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 3 . shrubland - > 3 . 6 . shrubland - subtropical / tropical moist suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 14 . artificial / terrestrial - > 14 . 1 . artificial / terrestrial - arable land suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 14 . artificial / terrestrial - > 14 . 2 . artificial / terrestrial - pastureland suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 14 . artificial / terrestrial - > 14 . 4 . artificial / terrestrial - rural gardens suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 14 . artificial / terrestrial - > 14 . 5 . artificial / terrestrial - urban areas suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 14 . artificial / terrestrial - > 14 . 6 . artificial / terrestrial - subtropical / tropical heavily degraded former forest suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no


furry lobsters ( sometimes called coral lobsters ) are small decapod crustaceans , closely related to the slipper lobsters and spiny lobsters .

the antennae are not as enlarged as in spiny and slipper lobsters , and the body is covered in short hairs , hence the name furry lobster .

although previously considered a family in their own right ( synaxidae spence bate , 1881 ) , the furry lobsters were subsumed into the family palinuridae in 1990 , and molecular phylogenies support the inclusion of the furry lobsters in the family palinuridae .

there are two genera , with three species between them : palinurellus gundlachi von martens , 1878 – caribbean furry lobster , found in the caribbean sea and the atlantic coast of south america ; named for juan gundlach palinurellus wieneckii ( de man , 1881 ) – mole lobster , with an indo-pacific distribution palibythus magnificus p. j. f. davie , 1990 – musical furry lobster , from the south pacific ( originally described from samoa )

furry lobster

we are doing a report on the furry lobster . ( just for fun . )
if you are an avid diver just about anywhere in salt waters you have probably come across a furry lobster at some point . the furry lobster is also called the coral lobster , depending on what area of the world that you are diving in . these animals are small decapod crustaceans and they are very closely related to both the slipper lobster and the spiny lobster . the furry lobster has gotten its name from its appearance , as its entire body is covered in short hairs .
well done ! this piece on the furry lobster is indeed very informative and has an unique style of writing .
complete mitochondrial genome of the furry lobster palinurellus wieneckii ( de man , 1881 ) ( decapoda , achelata , palinuridae ) .
a bit i wrote while working at jimmy kimmel live . it ' s based on a rare lobster that scientists found that was actually furry .
complete mitochondrial genome of the furry lobster palinurellus wieneckii ( de man , 1881 ) ( decapoda , achelata , palinuridae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
furry old lobster
, a tribute to the mythical original lobster in john hodgman ' s book
areas of my expertise
, is a song on jonathan coulton ' s fourth album , thing a week one .
the species also has large antennae , but they are not as large as the antennae that are seen on the relatives of the furry lobster . until 1990 the furry lobster was considered its own family but then they were subsumed into the palinuradae family that has two genera and three species . the furry lobster can be differentiated from other species by white stripes on their legs , a dark colored body that ranges from brown to purple , and blue markings on the head , usually below the eyes . this type of lobster can grow to be about 70 centimeters in length and can easily weigh up to five kilograms .
furry old lobster
is occasionally performed at jonathan coulton concerts . it used to be more of a regular staple , having more exposure than previous jonathan coulton songs due to the media appearances . when performed live ,
furry old lobster
goes back to the original , acoustic version of the song . jonathan also occasionally performs it at john hodgman events .
gordon ramsay demonstrates how to cook the perfect lobster | season 7 ep . 6 | masterchef
the female furry lobster will generally mate when she is in a soft shell state , which is right after she sheds her shell , or molts . female furry lobsters are known to be able to carry sperm for up to two years , choosing when she wants to fertilize up to 75 , 000 eggs !
the habitat of the furry lobster doesn’t seem to vary much despite the fact that they are found over a wide area of land . the species is usually found in rocky areas or coral reefs , which is why they are often called coral lobsters . the furry lobster likes to be able to hide in the cracks of the rocks and coral from predators , which are numerous and vary from location to location .
the distribution of the furry lobster is quite widespread . the species is generally found in abundance in the indian and pacific oceans as well as off the east coast of australia from the capricorn bunker group in queensland down to the south west rocks in new south wales . while there is an interest by fishermen in all of these areas to catch the species , they do not have much luck . for some reason , the furry lobster rarely will enter crayfish or lobster traps , therefore they have to be caught by divers that are using their hands or spears .
furry old lobster
is currently only available for purchase in the jonathan coulton mp3 store as an individual track or as part of thing a week i . of course this song is also included as part of the
everything
playlist .
furry old lobster
was originally written for the book tour of
areas of my expertise
. in the book , hodgman
claims
that the original lobster was actually a kind of sea otter . but at some point , someone brought hard - shelled lobsters ( the only kind we actually know ) to new york and let them roam free in central park , which freaked out the residents . so they rounded them all up and sent them to maine , where they killed off all the original furry lobsters , so now the only lobster we see there is the hard - shelled variety .
the diet of the furry lobster is not unlike most other lobsters . while many used to think that lobsters feed on dead things , this is not always true . furry lobsters are known to feed on fresh things such as crabs , mussels , clams , and even other lobsters . these animals generally feed at night and are creatures of opportunity , often eating what their environment readily provides .
during this time , jonathan made several media appearances supporting john and the book , usually singing an acoustic version of
furry old lobster
. it was then updated , recorded and released
by request
as the twelfth thing a week on december 9th , 2005 .
marine biologists have discovered a crustacean in the south pacific that resembles a lobster or crab covered in what looks like silky fur .
a team of american - led divers has discovered a new crustacean in the south pacific that resembles a lobster and is covered with what looks like silky , blond fur , french researchers said tuesday .
1 . see you all in hell · 2 . my monkey · 3 . w ' s duty · 4 . shop vac · 5 . baby got back · 6 . someone is crazy · 7 . brand new sucker · 8 . sibling rivalry · 9 . the town crotch · ( * ) when i ' m 25 or 64 · 10 . podsafe christmas song · 11 . furry old lobster · 12 . drive
complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome ( mitogenome ) for the rare lobster genus palinurellus ( species p . wieneckii ) is reported for the first time . the genus palinurellus is peculiar looking and was previously considered to belong to a distinct family synaxidae . however , recent molecular phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of various genes showed that synaxidae is an invalid family and palinurellus should be placed inside palinuridae . the complete mitogenome of p . wieneckii is compared to the genetic structures with six other achelata species with mitogenome sequence reported . the gene order of p . wieneckii is identical to the other achelata lobsters , but with lower a + t content ( 63 . 6 % versus 64 . 5 - 67 . 5 % ) . sequence nucleotide dissimilarity of p . wieneckii is considerably higher ( 37 . 7 - 40 . 3 % ) than amongst the five palinuridae s . s . species ( 17 . 1 - 32 . 9 % ) , and approximate to the range between palinuridae s . s . and scyllaridae ( 39 . 1 - 40 . 4 % ) .
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mclaughlin et al . 2005 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : crustaceans . american fisheries society special publication 31
bowman , thomas e . , and lawrence g . abele / lawrence g . abele , ed . / dorothy e . bliss , ed . - in - chief
the biology of crustacea , vol . 1 : systematics , the fossil record , and biogeography
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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is so distinct from other species that scientists have created a new taxonomic family for it .
a us - led team found the animal last year in waters 2 , 300m ( 7 , 540ft ) deep at a site 1 , 500km ( 900 miles ) south of easter island , an expert has claimed .
the diving expedition was organised by robert vrijenhoek of the monterey bay aquarium research institute in california .
the
yeti crab
, as it has been dubbed , is white and 15cm ( 5 . 9in ) long , according to michel segonzac of the french research institute for exploitation of the sea ( ifremer ) .
in what he has described as a
surprising characteristic
, the animal ' s pincers are covered with sinuous , hair - like strands . it seems to reside around some pacific deep sea hydrothermal vents , which spew out fluids that are toxic to many animals .
dr segonzac told the bbc news website that the
hairy
pincers contained lots of filamentous bacteria .
alternatively , the animal may actually feed on the bacteria that live in the hair - like strands .
but observations of its behaviour suggest it may be a general carnivore . dr segonzac said he and his colleagues saw the animal fighting with two crabs over a piece of shrimp .
from its general shape and appearance , the new creature resembles freshwater
squat lobsters
found in south america . but dr segonzac said that genetic analysis showed it was closer to marine members of this group .
is blind ; the researchers found it had only
the vestige of a membrane
in place of eyes , the ifremer researcher said .
paul clark of the department of zoology at the natural histroy museum said the characteristic strands , known as setae , that cover the crustacean ' s pincers are similar to those found on chinese mitten crabs and some other crustacean species .
whether these setae are for growing or cultivating bacteria , i ' ve no idea , but that could be one explanation . but it would also be interesting to find out whether there ' s anything else living in there ,
mr clark told the bbc news website .
researchers have found other small crustaceans taking refuge in the setae of mitten crabs .
the team that found the crustacean said that while legions of new ocean species are discovered each year , it is quite rare to find one that merits a new family .
the family was named kiwaida , from kiwa , the goddess of crustaceans in polynesian mythology .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
has been assessed as least concern . this species is widespread throughout the western atlantic and caribbean sea . while it is described as scarce , this maybe due to the cryptic nature of reef lobsters . it is incidentally taken in some parts of its range , but this is not thought to pose a major threat to the population .
this species is known from bermuda , the bahamas , southern florida , yucatán , west indies , and the pernambuco and bahia states of brazil ( carpenter 2002 ) .
anguilla ; antigua and barbuda ; aruba ; bahamas ; barbados ; bermuda ; bonaire , sint eustatius and saba ( saba , sint eustatius ) ; brazil ( bahia , pernambuco ) ; cayman islands ; cuba ; curaçao ; dominica ; dominican republic ; grenada ; guadeloupe ; haiti ; jamaica ; martinique ; mexico ( yucatán ) ; montserrat ; puerto rico ; saint barthélemy ; saint kitts and nevis ; saint lucia ; saint martin ( french part ) ; saint vincent and the grenadines ; sint maarten ( dutch part ) ; trinidad and tobago ; turks and caicos islands ; united states ( florida ) ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s .
this species is scarce ( carpenter 2002 ) , however this might be due to the cryptic nature of reef lobsters ( titgen and fielding 1986 ) .
this species utilizes coral and rock for shelter and can be found at a depth range of 0 - 35 m ( carpenter 2002 ) .
this species is not directly harvested : it is caught incidentally by other fisheries and occasionally taken by divers ( carpenter 2002 ) .
this species is not currently threatened by any major threat processes . there is no directed or commercial fishery for this species , however it is taken by divers , and it is occasionally taken as incidental by - catch by other fisheries ( carpenter 2002 ) .
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downloadable flac versions of the above are available in the jonathan coulton flac store .
thing a week i
is available for purchase as a cd here .
appearance of john hodgman and jonathan coulton , promoting
areas of my expertise
on attack of the show .
this page was last modified on 4 may 2012 , at 21 : 03 .
content is available under attribution - noncommercial 3 . 0 unported unless otherwise noted .
this photo released tuesday march 7 , 2006 by the ifremer ( french research institute for exploitation of the sea ) shows a new crustacean , called
kiwa hirsuta
. the eyeless shellfish , about 15cm long was discovered in march 2005 during a diving mission led by american researcher robert vrijenhoek , of the mbari institut , cal . , in hydrothermal vents of the pacific antartic ridge , south of easter island .
scientists said the animal , which they named kiwa hirsuta , was so distinct from other species that they created a new family and genus for it .
the divers found the animal in waters 7 , 540 feet deep at a site 900 miles south of easter island last year , according to michel segonzac of the french institute for sea exploration .
the new crustacean is described in the journal of the national museum of natural history in paris .
the animal is white and just shy of 6 inches long — about the size of a salad plate .
in what segonzac described as a
surprising characteristic ,
the animal ' s pincers are covered with sinuous , hair - like strands .
it is also blind . the researchers found it had only
the vestige of a membrane
in place of eyes , segonzac said .
the researchers said that while legions of new ocean species are discovered each year , it is quite rare to find one that merits a new family .
the diving expedition was organized by robert vrijenhoek of the monterey bay aquarium research institute in california .
© 2006 cbs interactive inc . all rights reserved . this material may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or redistributed . the associated press contributed to this report .
china only makes $ 8 . 46 from an iphone . that ' s why trump ' s trade war is futile
an der küste von cuba , bei camaricoia östlich von matanzas
. holotype female in
, dry but in reasonable condition ( don . sir f . l . mcclintok ) .
entre la pointe orientale de la guadeloupe ( pointe des châteaux ) et le petit archipel situé dans le sud - est connu sous le nom de petite - terre
. holotype larva in
western atlantic : bermuda , bahama islands , southern florida , yucatán , caribbean arc ( cuba to barbados ) , curaçao , n . e . brazil ( pernambuco ) .
depth range from 1 . 5 to 35 m ; found in rather inaccessible places among rock and coral . rather scarce .
caught by hand , and occasionally in traps , but of no interest to commercial fisheries .
belong to the present genus . should this be confirmed , the correct name of the present species must be
, sitzungsberichte gesellschaft naturforschender freunde , berlin , 1878 : 131 . name placed on the official list of specific names in zoology , in opinion 519 ( published in 1958 ) .
fischer , w . ( ed . ) , 1978 . fao species identification sheets for fishery purposes western central atlantic ( fishing area 31 ) , vol . 6 : pag . var .
martens , e . von , 1878 . einige crustaceen un mollusken . sitzungsberichte gesellschaft naturforschender freunde , berlin , 1878 : 131 - 135 .
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the female carries the eggs inside for nine to 12 months and then she will carry them for another 12 months under her tail . when the eggs finally hatch the larvae will simply float near the surface of the water for four to six weeks . astonishingly , out of every 50 , 000 eggs that are laid , only two lobsters will survive .


turnstones are two bird species that comprise the genus arenaria in the family scolopacidae .

they are closely related to calidrid sandpipers and might be considered members of the tribe calidriini .

the genus name arenaria is from latin arenarius , " inhabiting sand , from arena , " sand " .

both birds are distinctive medium-sized waders .

roughly speaking , length is typically between 20 and 25 cm , with a wingspan between 50 and 60 cm and a body mass between 110 and 130gm .

for waders their build is stocky , with short , slightly upturned , wedge shaped bills .

they are high arctic breeders , and are migratory .

their strong necks and powerful , slightly upturned bills are adapted to their feeding technique .

as the name implies , these species overturn stones , seaweed , and similar items in search of invertebrate prey .

they are strictly coastal , prefer stony beaches to sand , and often share beach space with other species of waders such as purple sandpipers .

their appearance in flight is striking , with white patches on the back , wings and tail .

the ruddy turnstone ( or just turnstone in europe ) , arenaria interpres , has a circumpolar distribution , and is a very long distance migrant , wintering on coasts as far south as south africa and australia .

it is thus a common sight on coasts almost everywhere in the world .

in breeding plumage , this is a showy bird , with a black-and-white head , chestnut back , white underparts and red legs .

the drabber winter plumage is basically brown above and white below .

this is a generally tame bird and is an opportunist feeder .

unlike most waders , it will scavenge , and has a phenomenal list of recorded food items , including human corpses and coconut .

the call is a staccato tuck - tuck - tuck .

the ruddy turnstone is one of the species to which the agreement on the conservation of african-eurasian migratory waterbirds ( aewa ) applies .

the black turnstone ( arenaria melanocephala ) has a similar structure to its widespread relative , but has black upperparts and chest , and white below .

it has a much more restricted range than the ruddy turnstone , breeding in western alaska , and wintering mainly on the pacific coast of the united states .

there exists a fossil bone , a distal piece of tarsometatarsus found in the edson beds of sherman county , kansas .

dating from the mid-blancan some 4-3 million years ago , it appears to be from a calidriid somewhat similar to a pectoral sandpiper , but has some traits reminiscent of turnstones .

depending on which traits are apomorphic and plesiomorphic , it may be an ancestral representative of either lineage .

turnstone

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a small , dark goose - the same size as a mallard . it has a black head and neck and grey - brown back .
a nocturnal bird that can be seen hawking for food at dusk and dawn .
male ring ouzels are particularly distinctive with their black plumage with a pale wing panel and striking white breast band .
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this is a delightful oak woodland to walk through – especially in spring and early summer .
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explore the little pools of amazing sea life that are left by the tide on the rocks around our coast .
smaller than a redshank , turnstones have a mottled appearance with brown or chestnut and black upperparts and brown and white or black and white head pattern , whilst their underparts are white and legs orange . they spend most of their time creeping and fluttering over rocks , picking out food from under stones .
this bird species has different identifying features depending on sex / age / season .
turnstones can be found around the uk coastline . likes rocky shores as well as sandy and muddy ones . particularly likes feeding on rocks covered with seaweed , and will feed along seawalls and jetties .
* this map is intended as a guide . it shows general distribution rather than detailed , localised populations .
turnstones are present for most of the year . birds from northern europe pass through in july and august and again in spring . canadian and greenland birds arrive in august and september and remain until april and may . non - breeding birds may stay through the summer .
breeding populations of long - distance , trans - saharan migrant birds have declined sharply since the 1970s .
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conservation concern : green - listed in ireland . the european population is considered to be secure .
the wader most likely to be found along our rocky shoreline . mainly a winter visitor , but good numbers pass through
in spring and autumn en route to / from arctic and subarctic breeding grounds . about the size of a starling , with a stocky build and short orange legs . in winter , its dark brown upperparts , white underside and black breast crescent make it difficult to see amongst seaweed . spring birds are brighter and show rich chestnut markings on the wing and back . in flight , turnstones show a series of black and white stripes , resembling a miniature oystercatcher . usually occurs in small flocks , moving with head down , constantly flicking over seaweed fronds , pebbles and beach debris with its short , stubby bill , in search of sand hoppers and other invertebrates .
often calls in flight - an abrupt , loud , bubbly
tutt - tutt - tutt…
.
. small numbers of non - breeding turnstones ( mainly first - summers ) can be seen through the summer months .
almost entirely marine in distribution , only occasionally occurring inland . found all around the irish coast , particularly on rocky shores , headlands , islands and piers .