amnicola dalli , common name the peninsula amnicola , is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum , an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family amnicolidae .

the specific epithet is in honor of w. h. dall .

amnicola dalli

this species is widely distributed ( among two subspecies ) in springs and streams in northern florida from the st . johns river system west to leon county , florida ( amnicola dalli dalli ) ; throughout the middle third of florida peninsula and near tallahassee ( amnicola dalli johnsoni ) ( thompson , 1968 ; 1999 ; burch , 1989 ) .
( 1000 - 5000 square km ( about 400 - 2000 square miles ) ) this species is widely distributed ( among two subspecies ) in springs and streams in northern florida from the st . johns river system west to leon county , florida ( amnicola dalli dalli ) ; throughout the middle third of florida peninsula and near tallahassee ( amnicola dalli johnsoni ) ( thompson , 1968 ; 1999 ; burch , 1989 ) .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : amnicola dalli ( r . e . call , 1884 ) - id : 5194000018
amnicola dalli dalli is confined to springs , spring runs , and spring - fed streams with clear water and constant annual temperature often in thick clumps of aquatic vegetation such as elodea and vallisneria . amnicola dalli johnsoni is found in small sand - bottomed streams occasionally in larger sand - bottomed rivers , lakes and springs and usually associated with streams having a slow or moderate current and clear water with sparse aquatic vegetation ( thompson , 1968 ) .
no one has contributed data records for amnicola limosa yet . learn how to contribute .
thompson ( 1968 ) lists amnicola dalli johnsoni from alachua , bradford , citrus , columbia , desoto , hardee , hillsborough , highlands , lake , levy , manatee , marion , orange , pasco , polk , putnam , st . johns , suwannee , and volusia cos . , florida ; and lists amnicola dalli dalli from alachua , columbia , dixie , gilchrist , hillsborough , jefferson , lafayette , orange , seminole , suwannee , volusia , and wakulla cos . , florida . johnson ( 1973 ) doubts the validity of the two subspecies in florida especially since they overlap in their distribution in the suwannee river system and elsewhere .
listed as amnicola n . sp . 1 in frest and johannes ( 1995 : 158 ) known currently from 3 sites , 2 in northern wa and 1 in nw mt . not to be confused with lyogyrus sp . 2 , which also is sometimes called the washington duskysnail ( frest and johannes , 1999 ) . recent nomenclature has renamed the species common name to lake amnicola ( edward johannes , pers . comm . 2012 ) .
justification : fluminicola dalli has been assessed as data deficient due to insufficient information on the species population trends . it is therefore not possible to accurately assess the effects of increasing salinity and water abstraction on the species . further research is required to clarify whether this constitutes a serious threat before the species can be accurately listed .
the body type is most similar to amnicola limosa , but the the shell is relatively thin comparatively ( frest and johannes , 1995 ) . differences on the body are
dark pigment on mantle concentrated in bar parallel to edge of pallial cavity , then in dark streak along intestine and digestive gland ; no bar on outside cephalic tentacles , although a faint central band is sometimes present
( frest and johannes , 1995 ) .
index to vols . 1 - 5 . by w . j . mcgee
: v . 5 , p . 281 - 370
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johnson , p . d . ; bogan , a . e . ; brown , k . m . ; burkhead , n . m . ; cordeiro , j . r . ; garner , j . t . ; hartfield , p . d . ; lepitzki , d . a . w . ; mackie , g . l . ; tarpley , t . a . ; tiemann , j . s . ; whelan , n . v . ; strong , e . e . ( 2013 ) . conservation status of freshwater gastropods of canada and the united states . fisheries . 38 ( 6 ) : 247 - 282 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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turgeon , d . d . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , w . k . emerson , w . g . lyons , w . pratt , et al .
turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , p . m . mikkelsen , r . j . neves , c . f . e . roper , g . rosenberg , b . roth , a . scheltema , f . g . thompson , m . vecchione , and j . d . williams . 1998 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd edition . american fisheries society special publication 26 , bethesda , maryland : 526 pp .
this locally common species is found throughout most of northern florida and the florida peninsula . it is considered secure because , although its extent of occurrence is much less than 5 , 000 km2 , it is common , adaptable , and does not appear to be in decline .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
occurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens , including live specimens or recently dead shells ( i . e . , soft tissue still attached without signs of external weathering or staining ) , at a given location with potentially recurring existence . weathered shells constitute a historic occurrence . evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data ; unpublished , though documented ( i . e . government or agency reports , web sites , etc . ) observation or collection data ; or museum specimen information .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
burch , j . b . 1989 . north american freshwater snails . malacological publications : hamburg , michigan . 365 pp .
johnson , r . i . 1973 . distribution of hydrobiidae , a family of fresh and brackish water gastropods , in peninsular florida . occasional papers on mollusks , 3 ( 46 ) : 281 - 303 .
thompson , f . g . 1968 . the aquatic snails of the family hydrobiidae of peninsular florida . university of florida press : gainesville , florida . 268 pp .
thompson , f . g . 1999 . an identification manual for the freshwater snails of florida . walkerana 10 ( 23 ) : 1 - 96 .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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sediment and vegetation siftings , right bank of peters creek at the county road 209 bridge , north northwest of green cove springs , clay county , florida , 8 / 28 / 2011 ( about 1 . 8 - 2 . 3 mm . )
from : an identification manual for the freshwater snails of florida by fred g . thompson , university of florida [ urltoken ]
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johnson , p . d . , bogan , a . e . , brown , k . m . , burkhead , n . m . , cordeiro , j . r . , garner , j . t . , hartfield , p . d . , lepitzki , d . a . w . , mackie , g . l . , pip , e . , tarpley , t . a . , tiemann , j . s . , whelan , n . v . and strong , e . e . 2013 . conservation status of freshwater gastropods of canada and the united states . fisheries 38 ( 6 ) : 247 - 282 .
( taylor , 1966 ) , but is considered a valid species by hershler and frest ( 1996 ) .
dyer , e . , soulsby , a . - m . , whitton , f . , mcguinness , s . , de silva , r . , milligan , h . t . , kasthala , g . , herdson , r . , thorley , j . , mcmillan , k . & collins , a .
this species is only known from the type locality and a small surrounding area in the northern area of pyramid lake , washoe county , nevada ( hershler and frest 1996 ) . the extent of occurrence of this species is estimated as no more than 3 , 050 km² .
this species has been collected from small streams ( hershler and frest 1996 ) .
the salinity of pyramid lake has risen from 3 . 75 to 5 . 5 g l - 1 between 1933 and 1980 ( williams 1999 ) , likely as a result of ground water abstraction for agriculture , upstream water diversion programs , and decreased rain fall . the species is found in an area of decreasing water availability with increased salinities as development progresses , however , the species has been collected repeatedly over the years , is still present and often referred to as common ( j . cordeiro pers . comm . 2011 ) . therefore there is no real evidence that the salinity change has affected the population , although precise data on the population effects of increased salinity is lacking .
this species has been given a global heritage status rank of g1 - critically imperilled ( natureserve 2009 ) . there is insufficient information regarding population numbers to assess the effect of increased salinities on this species , so that further research is recommended .
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amnicolidae is a family of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum , aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily rissooidea .
this family is in the clade littorinimorpha ( according to the taxonomy of the gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi , 2005 ) . this family was previously considered to be a subfamily of hydrobiidae .
strong e . e . , gargominy o . , ponder w . f . & bouchet p . ( 2008 ) .
global diversity of gastropods ( gastropoda ; mollusca ) in freshwater
. hydrobiologia 595 : 149 - 166 . hdl : 10088 / 7390 doi : 10 . 1007 / s10750 - 007 - 9012 - 6 .
, a new genus and new species of pomatiopsidae from china ( gastropoda : rissoacea )
.
davis g . m . & rao s . ( 1997 ) .
discovery of erhaia ( gastropoda : pomatiopsidae ) in northern india with description of a new genus of erhaiini from china
. proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 48 : 273 - 299 . jstor .
szarowska m . ( 2006 ) .
molecular phylogeny , systematics and morphological character evolution in the balkan rissooidea ( caenogastropoda )
. folia malacologica 14 : 99 - 168 . pdf .
fazalova v . , nevado b . , peretolchina t . , petunina j . & sherbakov d . ( 2010 ) .
when environmental changes do not cause geographic separation of fauna : differential responses of baikalian invertebrates
.
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frest , t . j . and e . j . johannes . 1995c . interior columbia basin mollusk species of special concern . final report ( contract # 43 - 0e00 - 4 - 9112 ) prepared for interior columbia basin ecosystem management project . deixis consultants , seattle , washington . 274 pp . + tabs . , figs .
currently known from only three lake sites : two in north western wa and one in north west montana ( frest and johannes , 1995 and k . jurist pers . comm . , 1995 ) .
the washington duskysnail is declining due mainly to habitat degradation and destruction both in terms of populations and numbers of individuals ( frest and johannes , 1995 ) .
shell reaches a height of 5 . 0mm , is ovate - conic , has well rounded whorls ( 4 - 5 in adult ) , and a small umbilicus ( frest and johannes , 1995 ) .
the species is a
limnophile
occurring in kettle lakes among aquatic vegetation beds , but absent from dense aquatic vegetation areas ( frest and johannes , 1995 ) . the species is found on soft oxygen rich substrate at a depth of approximately 2 - 6 feet ( frest and johannes , 1995 ) .
in addition to being a detritivore the species also grazes along the stems and leaves of aquatic plants eating small organisms clinging to this material ( frest and johannes , 1995 ) .
frest , t . j . and e . j . johannes . 1999b . field guide to survey and manage freshwater mollusk species . unpublished report blm / or / wa / pl - 99 / 045 + 1792 to the bureau of land management , oregon state office , september 1999 . 117 pp .
no operculum , mantle serves as a lung . patelliform with the bluntly rounded apex behind the center < 10mm . hermaphroditic .
no operculum , mantle serves as a lung . smooth sinistral spirals - elliptic to ovate with a very short spire and large aperature . tentacles long and thin . 5 - 20mm . hermaphroditic .
no operculum , mantle serves as a lung . spiral , elongate , dextral . mantle without digitations , tentacles broad , flat , triangular and without a pseudobranch . hermaphroditic . 13 great lakes species . ( 1 nonindigenous )
no operculum , mantle serves as a lung . disc with a sunken spire . body reddish due to hemoglobin . tentacles long and thin with a pseudobranch on the left . hermaphroditic .
external gills . circular and multispiral operculum . depressed or discoidal dextral shells < 7mm . small radula with few ( ~ 7 ) teeth arranged in transverse series . hermaphroditic . 4 great lakes species ( 1 nonindigenous )
gills . concentric operculum . spiral shell dextrally coiled with rounded whorls . > 15mm . small radula with few ( ~ 7 ) teeth arranged in transverse series . not hermaphroditic - give birth rather than laying eggs .
internal gills . horny , ovate , paucispiral operculum . shell narrowly to elongate conic . 15 - 40mm . small radula with few ( ~ 7 ) teeth arranged in transverse series . not hermaphroditic . 3 great lakes species . ( 1 nonindigenous )
internal gills . paucispiral or multispiral operculum with a subcentric nucleus . small radula with few ( ~ 7 ) teeth arranged in transverse series . conical shells < 10mm . not hermaphroditic - oviparous or live bearers . 11 great lakes species ( 2 nonindigenous ) .
not hermaphroditic . concentric operculum and gills . small radula with few ( ~ 7 ) teeth arranged in transverse series . spiral shell < 15mm . 1 specie , ( not indigenous to the great lakes ) .
* * reported locations based on a limited literature search . codes indicate presence reported but absence of a code should not be interpreted as a species absence .
vertical distribution of profundal benthos in lake superior sediments . 1982 . ann s . heuschele . jglr 8 ( 4 ) 603 - 613 .
wave - zone macrobenthos of the exposed canadian shores of the st . lawrence great lakes . 1978 . d . r . barton and b . n . hynes . jglr 4 ( 1 ) 27 - 45 .
benthic community structure and composition among rocky habitats in the great lakes and keuka lake , ny . 1987 . michael h . winnell and david j . jude . jglr 13 ( 1 ) 3 - 17 .
lake superior : an invasion coldspot ? 2003 . igor a . grigorovich , alexei v . korniushin , derek k . gray , ian c . duggan , robert i . colautti & hugh j . macisaac . hydrobiologia 499 : 191 - 210 .
the nearshore benthic invertebrate community of southern lake michigan and its response to beach nourishment . 2004 . eric l . garza and richard l . whitman . j . great lakes res . 30 ( 1 ) : 114 - 122 .
abundance and biomass of the meiobenthos in nearshore lake michigan with comparisons to the macrobenthos . 1983 . jglr 9 ( 4 ) 530 - 547 .
space as a limiting resource in freshwater systems : competition between zebra mussels ( dreissena polymorpha ) and freshwater sponges ( porifera ) . 2004 . thomas e . lauer & anne spacie . hydrobiologia 517 : 137 - 145 .
abundance , biomass , and species composition of benthic macroinvertebrate populations in saginaw bay , lake huron , 1987 - 96 . thomas nalepa , david fanslow , margaret lansing , gregory lang , mark ford , gerald gostenik , and david hartson . noaa technical memorandum glerl - 122 .
relationships among zoobenthos , sediments , and organic matter in littoral zones of western lake erie and saginaw bay . 1983 . richard a . cole and diana l . weigmann . jglr 9 ( 4 ) 568 - 581 .
distribution of some common benthic invertebrates in nearshore lake erie , with emphasis on depth and type of substratus . 1988 . david r . barton . jglr 14 ( 1 ) 34 - 43 .
benthic and pelagic secondary production in lake erie after the invasion of dreissena spp . with implications for fish production . 2000 . ora e . johannsson , ron dermott , donna m graham , julie a . dahl , e . scott millard , debra d . myles , and jennifer leblanc . jglr 26 ( 1 ) 31 - 54 .
changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the cleveland harbor area of lake erie from 1978 to 1989 . 1993 . kenneth a . krieger and lloyd s . ross . jglr 19 ( 2 ) 237 - 249 .
changes to the deepwater benthos of eastern lake erie since the invasion of dreissena 1979 - 1993 . 1997 . r dermott and d kerec . cjfas 54 : 922 - 930 .
changes in the biodiversity of freshwater mussels in the canadian waters of the lower great lakes drainage basin over the past 140 years jl metcalfe - smith , sk staton , gl mackie , and nm lane . j . great lakes res . 24 ( 4 ) : 845 - 858 , 1998 .
disruption of the benthic community in lake ontario . 2003 . s . j . lozano and t . f . nalepa . in state of lake ontario ( solo ) - - past , present and future . m munawar ( ed ) . ecovision world monograph series . aquatic ecosystem health and management society .
factors influencing changes in the nearshore benthic community on the canadian site of lake ontario . 2000 . bruce w . kilgour , robert c . bailey , and e todd howell . jglr 26 ( 3 ) 272 - 286 .
benthic macroinvertebrate communities of southwestern lake ontario following invasion of dreissena . 1994 . timothy w . stewart and james m . haynes . jglr 20 ( 2 ) 479 - 493 .
benthic macroinvertebrate communities in southwestern lake ontario following invasion of dreissena : continuing change . 1999 . james m . haynes , timothy w . stewart , and george e . cook . jglr 25 ( 4 ) 828 - 838 .
the ecology of invertebrates in great lakes coastal wetlands : current knowledge and research needs . 1992 . kenneth a . krieger . jglr 18 ( 4 ) 634 - 650 .
burton , t . m . , d . g . uzarski and j . a . genet . 2004 . invertebrate habitat use in relation to fetch and plant zonation in northern lake huron coastal wetlands . aquatic ecosystem health & management . 7 ( 2 ) : 249 - 267
r ( rocky habitats ) based on : benthic community structure and composition among rocky habitats in the great lakes and keuka lake , ny . 1987 . michael h . winnell and david j . jude . jglr 13 ( 1 ) 3 - 17 . and pothoven et al . in press .
l ( littoral ) based on : relationships among zoobenthos , sediments , and organic matter in littoral zones of western lake erie and saginaw bay . 1983 . richard a . cole and diana l . weigmann . jglr 9 ( 4 ) 568 - 581 .
2 = 31 - 50m based on : disruption of the benthic community in lake ontario . 2003 . s . j . lozano and t . f . nalepa . in state of lake ontario ( solo ) - - past , present and future . m munawar ( ed ) . ecovision world monograph series . aquatic ecosystem health and management society . and pothoven et al . in press .
3 = 51 - 70m based on : disruption of the benthic community in lake ontario . 2003 . s . j . lozano and t . f . nalepa . in state of lake ontario ( solo ) - - past , present and future . m munawar ( ed ) . ecovision world monograph series . aquatic ecosystem health and management society .
4 = 71 - 90m based on : disruption of the benthic community in lake ontario . 2003 . s . j . lozano and t . f . nalepa . in state of lake ontario ( solo ) - - past , present and future . m munawar ( ed ) . ecovision world monograph series . aquatic ecosystem health and management society .
5 = > 90m based on : disruption of the benthic community in lake ontario . 2003 . s . j . lozano and t . f . nalepa . in state of lake ontario ( solo ) - - past , present and future . m munawar ( ed ) . ecovision world monograph series . aquatic ecosystem health and management society .
planorbella smithi ( f . c . baker ) an aquatic snail ( no common name )
catinella gelida ( f . c . baker ) a land snail ( no common name )
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eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
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7 . natural system modifications - > 7 . 2 . dams & water management / use - > 7 . 2 . 8 . abstraction of ground water ( unknown use )
1 . research - > 1 . 2 . population size , distribution & trends 1 . research - > 1 . 5 . threats
hershler , r . and frest , t . j . 1996 . a review of the north american freshwater snail genus fluminicola ( hydrobiidae ) . smithsonian institution , washington , d . c .
iucn . 2011 . iucn red list of threatened species ( ver . 2011 . 2 ) . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 10 november 2011 ) .
natureserve . 2009 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . internet
taylor , d . w . 1966 . summary of north - american blancan non - marine mollusks . malacologia 4 : 1 - 172 .
williams , w . d . 1999 . salinisation : a major threat to water resources in the arid and semi - arid regions of the world . lakes and resevoirs : research and management 4 : 85 - 91 .
hershler r . & frest t . j . ( 1996 ) . a review of the north american freshwater snail genus fluminicola ( hydrobiidae ) . smithsonian contributions to zoology . 583 : 1 - 41 . [ details ]
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committee chairs : nathan whelan and jeremy tiemann click here to join fmcs and this committee you can also download a searchable pdf of the document below by clicking here .
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the african spoon-nose eel ( mystriophis rostellatus , also known commonly as the west coast snake eel or simply snake eel , ) is an eel in the family ophichthidae ( worm/snake eels ) .

it was described by john richardson in 1848 .

it is a tropical , marine eel which is known from the eastern atlantic ocean , including mauritania and namibia .

it is known to dwell at an approximate depth of 40 metres , and inhabits lagoons and coastal waters .

it leads a benthic lifestyle , burrowing into sand and mud .

males can reach a maximum total length of 140 centimetres , but more commonly reach a tl of 80 cm .

the african spoon-nose eel feeds primarily off of small finfish , shrimps and crabs .

it is of minor commercial interest to fisheries .

african spoon - nose eel

the african spoon - nose eel ( mystriophis rostellatus , also known commonly as the west coast snake eel or simply snake eel , ) is an eel in the family ophichthidae ( worm / snake eels ) .
picture by cambraia duarte , p . m . n . ( c ) imagdop
marine ; demersal ; depth range ? - 40 m ( ref . 2683 ) , usually ? - 40 m ( ref . 26999 ) . tropical ; - 23°s
eastern atlantic : mauritania ( ref . 4455 ) south to walvis bay , namibia ( ref . 3972 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 140 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 27121 ) ; common length : 80 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 26999 )
inhabits lagoons and coastal waters ( ref . 2683 ) , from near shore to 40 m ( ref . 4455 ) . burrows in sand or mud ( ref . 4455 ) . feeds on small fishes , crabs and shrimps ( ref . 3651 ) .
leiby , m . , 1990 . ophichthidae . p . 176 - 192 . in j . c . quero , j . c . hureau , c . karrer , a . post and l . saldanha ( eds . ) check - list of the fishes of the eastern tropical atlantic ( clofeta ) . jnict , lisbon ; sei , paris ; and unesco , paris . vol . 1 . ( ref . 4455 )
) : 21 . 3 - 28 , mean 26 . 3 ( based on 114 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 7500 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00151 ( 0 . 00061 - 0 . 00373 ) , b = 2 . 91 ( 2 . 70 - 3 . 12 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 9 ±0 . 67 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : high vulnerability ( 61 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this species is found in the eastern atlantic from mauritania and south to walvis bay , namibia at zero to 40 m depth . there are no population data available for this species ; and threats to this species are unknown , however , given the shallow depth distribution of this species , it may be subject to coastal development and pollution . there are no conservation measures in place for the protection of this species . it is therefore listed as least concern .
this species is found in the eastern atlantic from mauritania and south to walvis bay , namibia . it is found at zero to 40 m depth .
this is a demersal species found in lagoons and coastal waters on soft bottoms of mud and sand . it is a burrowing species and it feeds on small fishes , shrimps and crabs .
this species is not an industrial target , however , it may be a caught and consumed in artisanal fisheries .
threats to this species are unknown , however , given the shallow depth distribution of this species , it may be subject to coastal development and pollution .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
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photo by cambraia duarte , p . m . n . ( c ) imagdop
, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .
, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .
, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .
cfm script by eagbayani , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by cmilitante , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by cmilitante , 14 / 03 / 2013


dactyloscopus fimbriatus is a species of sand stargazer native to the pacific coastal waters of central and south america from nicaragua to ecuador where it can be found at depths of from 15 to 22 metres ( 49 to 72 ft ) .

it can reach a maximum length of 7.6 centimetres ( 3.0 in ) sl .

dactyloscopus fimbriatus

the following term was not found in genome : dactyloscopus fimbriatus [ orgn ] .
how can i put and write and define dactyloscopus fimbriatus in a sentence and how is the word dactyloscopus fimbriatus used in a sentence and examples ? 用dactyloscopus fimbriatus造句 , 用dactyloscopus fimbriatus造句 , 用dactyloscopus fimbriatus造句 , dactyloscopus fimbriatus meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .

' dactyloscopus fimbriatus
' is a species of sand stargazer native to the pacific coastal waters of sl .
dactyloscopus fimbriatus is distinguished from dactyloscopus elongatus by several features : including number of upper lip fimbriae 15 - 19 , mean = 17 . 4 ( vs . 13 - 17 , mean = 15 . 0 ) ; number of segmented anal - fin rays 36 - 39 , modally 37 ( vs . 38 - 41 , modally 39 ) ; number of preopercular canal pores mean = 14 . 8 ( vs . 8 . 6 ) ; some body proportions ; coloration with distinct markings ( vs . weak to absent ) ( ref . 82814 ) .
( of dactyloscopus fimbriata ( reid , 1935 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
dawson , c . e . , 1975 . , studies on eastern pacific sand stargazers ( pisces : dactyloscopidae ) . 2 . genus dactyloscopus , with descriptions of new species and subspecies . , nat . hist . mus . los angeles co . sci . bull . , 22 : 1 - 61 .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
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eschmeyer , w . n . ( ed . ) . 2014 . catalog of fishes . updated 27 august 2014 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 27 august 2014 ) .
justification : this species is widespread in the eastern pacific . there are no known major threats to this species , and no current indication of population decline . it is listed as least concern .
this species is endemic to the eastern pacific , and is found near southern baja california and in the central western gulf of california , mexico and from central mexico to ecuador .
this benthic species inhabits coastal sandy areas , estuaries , mangroves and brackish water . it is also found in other soft bottom habitats .
there are no major threats known for this species . however , there may be some localized declines due to habitat loss from coastal development and loss of mangroves .
there are no known conservation measures for this species . however , this species distribution falls partially into a number of marine protected areas in the eastern pacific region ( wdpa 2006 ) .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cokeridia fimbriata reid , 1935 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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head large , flattened above , rounded and narrow at front ; both lips with flaps ; eyes on stalks , with papillae ; rear nostril at front edge of preorbital bone ; lower jaw projects beyond lower lip ; dorsal fin origin on nape , before level of upper corner of operculum ; front spines of dorsal fin separate from fin and without membranes , rays xi - xiv , 31 - 36 ; anal ii , 35 - 41 ; pectoral usually 13 rays ; lateral line scales 49 - 54 ; scales above all of lateral line ; no notch under end of tail base ; tail fin rays simple , fin short ( < 12 % of standard length ) .
inside mouth pigmented ; nape with dark network , without bars ; 3 - 6 small pale spots along dorsal fin base ; sides either with 2 stripes or flecked with brown ; + / - dark spot on base of tail fin ; dorsal and anal lightly shaded with brown .
southern baja and the central western gulf of california , and central mexico to ecuador .
béarez , p . , 1996 . , lista de los peces marinos del ecuador continental . , revista de biologia tropical , 44 : 731 - 741 .
findley , l . t . , hendrickx , m . e . , brusca , r . c . , van der heiden , a . m . , hastings , p . a . , torre , j . , 2003 . , diversidad de la macrofauna marina del golfo de california , mexico . , cd - rom versión 1 . 0 . projecto de la macrofauna del golfo . derechos reservados de los autores y conservación internacional .
jimenez - prado , p . , béarez , p . , 2004 . , peces marinos del ecuador continental / marine fishes of continental ecuador . , simbioe / nazca / ifea tomo 1 y 2 .
lopez , m . i . and bussing , w . a . , 1982 . , lista provisional de los peces marinos de la costa rica . , revista de biologia tropical , 30 ( 1 ) : 5 - 26 .
love , m . s . , mecklenburg , c . w . , mecklenburg , t . a . , thorsteinson , l . k . , 2005 . , es of the west coast and alaska : a checklist of north pacific and artic ocena species from baja california to the alaska - yukon border . , u . s . department of the interior , u . s . geological survey , biological resources division , 288pp .
myers , g . s . and wade , c . b . , 1946 . , new fishes of the families dactyloscopidae , microdesmidae and antennariidae from the west coast of mexico and the galapagos islands with a brief account of the use of rotenone fish poisons in ichthyological collecting . , allan hancock pacific expeditions , 9 ( 6 ) : 151 - 179 .
reid , e . d . , 1935 . , two new fishes of the families dactyloscopidae and clinidae from ecuador and the galapagos . , copeia , 1935 : 163 - 166 .
rubio , e . a . , 1986 . , notas sobre la ictiofauna de la isla de gorgona , colombia . , boletin ecotropica . univ . bog . jorge tadeo lozano , 13 : 86 - 112 .
van der heiden , a . m . and findley , l . t . , 1988 . , lista de los peces marinos del sur de sinaloa , méxico . , anales del centro de ciencias del mar y limnologia de la universidad autonoma nacional de mexico , 15 : 209 - 224 .
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greek , daktylos = finger + greek , skopein = to look ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; demersal ; depth range 15 - 22 m ( ref . 46206 ) . tropical
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 7 . 6 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 13293 )
nelson , j . s . , e . j . crossman , h . espinosa - pã©rez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea and j . d . williams , 2004 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . american fisheries society , special publication 29 , bethesda , maryland . ix , 386 p . + 1 cd . ( ref . 52299 )
) : 25 . 9 - 29 . 1 , mean 28 . 3 ( based on 85 cells ) . phylogenetic diversity index ( ref .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref .
) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( ) .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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cheirurina is a suborder of the trilobite order phacopida .

known representatives range from the uppermost cambrian ( upper furongian ) to the end of the middle devonian ( givetian ) .

cheirurina is made up of a morphologically diverse group of related families .

cheirurina

' cheiruridae
' is a family of phacopid trilobites of the suborder cheirurina .
how can i put and write and define cheirurina in a sentence and how is the word cheirurina used in a sentence and examples ? 用cheirurina造句 , 用cheirurina造句 , 用cheirurina造句 , cheirurina meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
it comprises three suborders ( phacopina , calymenina , and cheirurina ) which share a distinctive protaspis ( developmental stage lacking segments ) type .
the cheirurina and calymenina retain a rostral plate ( an apomorphy ) but in virtually all phacopina the free cheeks are yoked as a single piece .
phacopida had 8 to 19 thoracic segments and are distinguishable by the expanded glabella , short or absent preglabellar area , and schizochroal ( phacopina ) or holochroal ( cheirurina and calymenina ) eyes .
comparison of both larval and adult features of the described trilobites with those of cheirurids and encrinurids suggests that three lineages of the cheirurina existed during the early and middle ordovician . members of the first lineage show the following hierarchical relationships ; (
phacopina und cheirurina ( trilobita ) aus dem ordovizium von spanien , 1974 , senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , frankfurt , germany , senckenbergiana lethaea , volume 5 , number 1 / 5 : pages 1 - 151 with 42 figures and 12 plates .
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in the image above , the order phacopida ( yellow ) is of uncertain origin arising in the early ordovician , and persisting to the end of the devonian .
cephalon : semicircular to subtriangular , typically with gonatoparian sutures ( a few opisthoparian , e . g . , bathycheilidae , primitive homalonotidae ) ; glabella narrowing forwards ; eyes holochroal , often small ; hypostome conterminant , rostral plate present . thorax : 11 – 13 ( typically 13 ) , segments with rounded tips . pygidium : semicircular or triangular , without spinose margin . superfamilies / families : calymenoidea / bathycheilidae , bavarillidae , calymenidae , homalonotidae , pharostomatidae . genera : bathycheilidae : bathycheilus ( = parabathycheilus ) , calymenia , eulomina .
alcymene , apocalymene , arcticalymene , calymene ( / calymena / calymaena / calymmene / calymmena ) , calymenella , calymenesun , colpocoryphe ( = thoralocoryphe ) , dekalymene , diacalymene , flexicalymene , gravicalymene , limbocalymene , linguocalymene , liocalymene , metacalymene , neseuretinus , neseuretus ( = synhomalonotus ) , nipponocalymene , onnicalymene , papillicalymene , paracalymene , platycalymene ( = sulcocalymene ) , pradoella , protocalymene , reacalymene , reedocalymene , salterocoryphe , sarrabesia , spathacalymene , sthenarocalymene , tapinocalymene , thelecalymene , vietnamia .
arduennella , brongniartella ( = pamirotellus ; = portaginus ) , burmeisterella . burmeisteria , digonus , dipleura , eohomalonotus ( / brongniartia salter ) , homalonotus , huemacaspis , iberocoryphe , kerfornella , leiostegina , parahomalonotus , plaesiacomia , platycoryphe ( = liangshanaspis ) , scabrella , trimerus .
eopharostoma , paivinia , pharostomina ( = colpocoryphoides ) , prionocheilus ( = pharostoma ) , ptychometopus , thulincola ( = pharostomaspis ) , xuanenia .
cephalon : proparian sutures ( sometimes fused ) , schizochroal eyes ; glabella expands forwards ; librigena typically yoked as single piece ; hypostome conterminant to impendent , some with no rostral plate ; some with genal spines . thorax : 10 to ( typically ) 11 segments , pleurae furrowed , articulating facets distinct , rounded , angular , or spinose tips . pygidium : typically smaller than cephalon ( but subisopygous in dalmanitoidea and acastoidea ) , smooth or spinose . superfamilies : phacopoidea , dalmanitoidea , acastoidea ( see below )
generally with strongly divergent axial furrows ( glabella greatly expanding anteriorly ) , anterior glabellar lobes fused into single anterior tri - composite lobe , frontal area generally lacking ( obliterated by large glabella ) , eyes ( when present ) typically anterior ; genal angle typically rounded , without genal spines ( exceptions among pterygometopidae ) , vincular furrow generally present .
typically micropygous ( phacopidae ) to subisopygous ( some pterygometopidae ) , not spinose .
acernaspis ( = eskaspis ; = otadenus ; = murphycops ) , acuticryphops , adastocephalum , afrops , ainasuella , altaesajania , ananaspis , angulophacops , arduennops , atopophacops , babinops , boeckops , burtonops , chotecops ( = cordapeltis ) , cryphops ( / gortania / microphthalmus ) , cultrops , denckmannites ( / denckmannia ) , dianops , dienstina , drotops , ductina , echidnops , echinophacops , eldredgeops , eocryphops , eophacops ( / pterygometopidella ; = bullicephalus ) , geesops , hypsipariops , illaenula , kainops , liolophops , lochkovella , nandanaspis , nephranomma , nephranops , nyterops , omegops , orygmatos , paciphacops , pedinopariops , phacopidella ( / glockeria ) , phacops , plagiolaria , portlockia , prokops , rabienops , reedops , rhinophacops , rhinoreedops , sambremeuaspis , signatops , somatrikelon , spinicryphops , struveaspis , struveops , tangbailaspis , teichertops , toxophacops , trimerocephalus ( / eutrimerocephalus ) , viaphacops , weyerites , zaplaops , zhusilengops .
achatella , bolbochasmops , calliops , calyptaulax ( = ligometopus ; = homalops ) , carinopyge , ceratevenkaspis , chasmops , denella , elasmaspis , eomonorachus , estoniops , evenkaspis , ingriops , isalaux , isalauxina , keilapyge , liocnemis , monorakos , oculichasmops , oelandiops , parevenkaspis , podowrinella , pterygometopus , rollmops , ruegenometopus , sceptaspis , schmidtops , scopelochasmops , toxochasmops , tricopelta , truncatometopus , upplandiops , uralops , valdariops , vironiaspis , volkops , yanhaoia .
anchiopella , andinacaste , australocaste , australops , awaria , bainella ( = paradalmanites ; = paranacaste ) , belenops , bouleia ( = dereimsia ) , calmonia , chiarumanipyge , clarkeaspis , cryphaeoides , curuyella , deltacephalaspis , eldredgeia , feistia , hadrorachus , jujuyops , kozlowskiaspis , malvinella , malvinocooperella , metacryphaeus , oosthuizenella , palpebrops , parabouleia , paracalmonia ( / proboloides ) , pennaia , phacopina , plesioconvexa , plesiomalvinella , prestalia , probolops , punillaspis , renniella , romanops , schizostylus , talacastops , tarijactinoides ( = bolivianaspis ) , tibagya ( / schizopyge ) , tormesiscus , typhloniscus , vogesina , wolfartaspis .
aegrotocatellus , alwynulus , atractocybeloides ; atractopyge ( = cybelella ) , avalanchurus , balizoma , batocara ( = pacificurus / australurus ) , bevanopsis , billevittia , brianurus - ( / briania ) , celtencrinurus , coronaspis , coronocephalus ( = coronocephalina ; = senticucullus ) , cromus ( = encrinuraspis ) , curriella , cybele ( = cybelina ) , cybeloides , cybelurus ( = mitacybele ) , dayongia , deacybele , dindymene ( = comovica ) , distyrax , dnestrovites , elsarella , encrinuroides , encrinurus ( = saoria ) , eodindymene , erratencrinurus , fragiscutum , frammia , frencrinuroides , johntempleia , kailia , koksorenus , langgonia , lasaguaditas , libertella , lyrapyge , mackenziurus , , mitchellaspis ( / mitchellia ) , nucleurus , oedicybele ( = dindymenella ; = jemtella ) , paracybeloides , paraencrinurus , parakailia , perirehaedulus , perryus , physemataspis , plasiaspis , prophysemataspis , prostrix , rielaspis , rongxiella , sinocybele , staurocephalus , stiktocybele , struszia , tewonia , walencrinuroides , wallacia .
anacheiruraspis , anacheirurus , chashania , demeterops , emsurina , koraipsis , landyia , macrogrammus , metapilekia , metapliomerops , parapilekia , pilekia , pliomeroides , pseudopliomera , seisonia , sinoparapilekia , victorispina .
anapliomera , benedettia , canningella , colobinion , coplacoparia , cybelopsis , ectenonotus , encrinurella , evropeites , gogoella , guizhoupliomerops , hawleia , hintzeia , humaencrinuroides , ibexaspis , josephulus , kanoshia , leiostrototropis , liexiaspis , ngaricephalus , obliteraspis , ovalocephalus ( = hammatocnemis ; = paratzuchiatocnemis ) , parahawleia , parapliomera , perissopliomera , placoparia , pliomera ( / amphion ) , pliomerella , pliomeridius , pliomerina ( / pliomeraspis ) , pliomerops , protoencrinurella , protopliomerella , protopliomerops ( = stototropis ) , pseudocybele , pseudomera , quinquecosta , rossaspis , strotactinus , tesselacauda , tienshihfuia , tzuchiatocnemis .
all line drawings this page ©1999 - 2007 by s . m . gon iii
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walking trilobite animation ©2000 by s . m . gon iii all line drawings this page ©1999 - 2008 by s . m . gon iii
. encrinurus schmidti sp . n . ( trilobita ) from the llandoverian of estonia
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parent taxon : phacopida according to g . d . edgecombe et al . 1999
. their grouping mainly derives from a shared and differentiating form during the early protaspid larval form period . the phacopids likely appeared near the base of the
* different taxonomies are found , most recently with trilobites contained in superclass arachnomorpha in subphylum schizoramia .
clarkson , e . n . k . , and levi - setti , r . , nature , 254 , 663–667 ( 1975 ) .
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this article has been cited by the following publications . this list is generated based on data provided by crossref .
lamsdell , james c . and selden , paul a . 2015 . phylogenetic support for the monophyly of proetide trilobites . lethaia , vol . 48 , issue . 3 , p . 375 .
dai , tao and zhang , xingliang 2013 . morphology and ontogeny of the eodiscoid trilobitesinodiscus changyangensisfrom the lower cambrian of south china . palaeontology , vol . 56 , issue . 2 , p . 411 .
dai , tao and zhang , xingliang 2012 . ontogeny of the redlichiid trilobite metaredlichia cylindrica from the lower cambrian ( stage 3 ) of south china . journal of paleontology , vol . 86 , issue . 4 , p . 646 .
dai , tao and zhang , xingliang 2011 . ontogeny of the eodiscoid trilobite tsunyidiscus acutus from the lower cambrian of south china . palaeontology , vol . 54 , issue . 6 , p . 1279 .
campbell , margaret j . and chatterton , brian d . e . 2009 . silurian lichid trilobites from northwestern canada : ontogeny and phylogeny of lichids . journal of paleontology , vol . 83 , issue . 02 , p . 263 .
hughes , nigel c . minelli , alessandro and fusco , giuseppe 2006 . the ontogeny of trilobite segmentation : a comparative approach . paleobiology , vol . 32 , issue . 04 , p . 602 .
simpson , andrew g . hughes , nigel c . kopaska - merkel , david c . and ludvigsen , rolf 2005 . development of the caudal exoskeleton of the pliomerid trilobite hintzeia plicamarginis new species . evolution < html _ ent glyph =
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zhang , xi - guang and pratt , brian r . 1999 . early cambrian trilobite larvae and ontogeny of ichangia ichangensis chang , 1957 ( protolenidae ) from henan , china . journal of paleontology , vol . 73 , issue . 01 , p . 117 .
edgecombe , gregory d . chatterton , brian d . e . vaccari , norberto e . and waisfeld , beatriz g . 1999 . ordovician cheirurid trilobites from the argentine precordillera . journal of paleontology , vol . 73 , issue . 06 , p . 1155 .
edgecombe , gregory d . chatterton , brian d . e . waisfeld , beatriz g . and vaccari , norberto e . 1999 . ordovician pliomerid and prosopiscid trilobites from argentina . journal of paleontology , vol . 73 , issue . 06 , p . 1144 .
early ordovician trilobites from the catoche formation ( st . george group ) , western newfoundland
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j . m . adrian ( 2014 ) .
20 . a synopsis of ordovician trilobite distribution and diversity
. in d . a . t . harper , t . servais . early palaeozoic biogeography and palaeogeography . memoirs of the geological society of london . 38 . geological society of london . p . 490 . isbn 1862393737 .
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first . hardback . condition : good . no date . first . book - good , no cover . 9 . 5x6 . 5 . 151pp . numerous b / w photographs and illus . * * * text in german * * * .
1974 . senckenbergiana lethaea 55 : 151pp , 42 figs , 2 tabs , 12 pls 8vo , paperback .
( 1974 ) . , 1974 . 151 s . , 42 abb . , 2 tab . , 12 taf . , sprache : deutsch gewicht in gramm : 1500 .
senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft , frankfurt , germany , 1974 , senckenbergiana lethaea , volume 5 , number 1 / 5 : pages 1 - 151 with 42 figures and 12 plates . softbound , text extracted from a larger volume , a little rough along the spine , the text is complete and in good plus or better condition . in german . paleopublications - promoting learning and knowledge ! items usually ship within 48 hours .
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