the choiseul pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) is an extinct species of bird in the pigeon and dove family , columbidae .

it was endemic to the island of choiseul in the solomon islands , although there are unsubstantiated reports that it may once have lived on several nearby islands .

the last confirmed sighting was in 1904 .

other common names were solomons crested pigeon , solomon islands crowned-pigeon and kuvojo .

the choiseul pigeon was monotypic within the genus microgoura and had no known subspecies .

its closest living relative is believed to be the thick-billed ground pigeon , and some authors have suggested that the choiseul pigeon may be a link between that species and the crowned pigeons .

the adult pigeon was largely blue-grey , with a buffy orange belly and a distinctive slaty-blue crest .

it is unknown how this crest was held by the bird in life .

the bird 's head sported a blue frontal shield surrounded by black feathers and a bicoloured beak .

the wings were brown and the short tail was a blackish purple .

it was described as having a beautiful rising and falling whistling call .

as the bird became extinct before significant field observations could be made , not much is known about its behaviour .

it is believed to have been a terrestrial species that laid a single egg in an unlined depression in the ground .

it roosted in pairs or small groups of three or four in small shrubs and was reportedly very tame , allowing hunters to pick it up off its roost .

the choiseul pigeon lived in lowland forests , particularly in coastal swampy areas that lacked mangroves .

it was only recorded by albert stewart meek , who collected six adults and an egg from the northern part of the island in 1904 .

despite many subsequent searches , the bird has not been definitively reported since .

it is believed to have been rare when meek collected his specimens .

the indigenous peoples reported that the species was driven to extinction due to the introduction of cats , as the pigeon had never previously confronted a carnivorous mammal on choiseul .

the last unconfirmed report of a choiseul pigeon was in the early 1940s , and the species is considered extinct .

choiseul pigeon

the choiseul crested pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) is a presumedly extinct pigeon which was only known on the solomon island of choiseul in the pacific .
choiseul pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) is a species of bird in the columbidae family .
choiseul pigeon , microgoura meeki , from rothschild ' s novitates zoologicae , vol . xi
information on the choiseul pigeon is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the choiseul crested pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) is a presumedly extinct pigeon which was only known on the solomon island of choiseul in the pacific . . . . en . wikipedia . more
choiseul crested pigeon | please see also doves pigeon information amazing facts about pigeon . . . , was native to an island in the solomon islands . … | pinteres…
“choiseul pigeon , microgoura meeki , from rothschild ' s novitates zoologicae , vol . xi , ”
blue crowned pigeon ( not victoria crowned pigeon . . . ) making amazing sound
< p > choiseul crested pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) < / p > < p > the choiseul pigeon was endemic to choiseul in the solomon islands , writes ceri levy . the skins that survive in various collections don ' t really give a clue as to how the bird ' s crest would have appear
there are 50 extinct pigeon species worldwide , says novak . he has already earmarked three of them for resurrection : the japanese silver - banded pigeon , the choiseul crested pigeon and the thick - billed ground dove .
the choiseul crested pigeon is classified as extinct ( ex ) , there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died .
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the choiseul crested pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) is a presumedly extinct pigeon which was only known on the solomon island of choiseul in the pacific . this species was first described by walter rothschild in 1904 and named in honour of albert stewart meek . the choiseul islanders called that species kukuru - ni - lua which means ground pigeon . there is a painting by john gerrard keulemans in the american museum of natural history in new york city . more
pigeon information . . . amazing facts about pigeon heroes . . . . species / breeds . . . breed photo gallery
microgoura meeki : formerly choiseul i . ( nw solomon is . ) . extinct ; last reported 1904
the choiseul pigeon was endemic to choiseul in the solomon islands , writes ceri levy . the skins that survive in various collections don ' t really give a clue as to how the bird ' s crest would have appeared when erect , but ralph ' s interpretation is what counts . the pigeon has not been seen since 1904 , and is considered extinct .
choiseul pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) extinct solomon islands , by j . g . keulemans , novitates zoologicae , vol . xi . , 1904 . | vintage drawing | pinterest | solomo…
the choiseul crested pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) is a presumedly extinct pigeon which was only known on the solomon island of choiseul in the pacific . description this species was one of the most remarkable pigeon species / breeds in the world . it had a length of approximately 30 cm , which resembles the size of a chicken . on the top of the head was a dark bluish crest similar to the crowned pigeons of papua new guinea . more
the choiseul crested pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) is a presumedly extinct pigeon which was only known on the solomon island of choiseul in the pacific . diamond dove the diamond dove ( geopelia cuneata ) is a bird resident in australia . the dove predominantly exists in areas near water but which are lightly arid or semi - arid in nature , being central , west and northern australia . more
the choiseul crested pigeon is a presumed extinct bird on the island of choiseul in the solomon islands . it was last seen and collected in 1904 and since has never been found . on a resent trip to the american museum of natural history , botanist and solomon naturalist myknee sirikolo was able to gain access to the museums rare collections to film this footage . the commentary is in solomon island pigeon .
the biologists have an ambitious plan . bit by bit , they intend to match the dna sequence of the passenger pigeon with that of its close relative , the band - tailed pigeon . then they will essentially stamp out the divergent sequences from the band - tailed pigeon genome and replace them with synthesized passenger pigeon genetic material .
henderson island archaic pigeon , columbidae gen . et sp . indet . ( prehistoric )
pied splash the
pied splash
pigeon has one or more spots of white .
choiseul province is one of the nine provinces of the solomon islands . it lies between the island of bougainville ( part of papua new guinea ) and santa isabel in the west of the solomon islands . it consists mainly of choiseul island with an area of 3 294 kmē and further includes three small surrounding islands : taro island ( 100 kmē ) , vaghena ( 243 kmē ) and rob roy ( 200 kmē ) . it has a population of 20 , 008 ( 1999 ) . the capital is taro , on taro island . the flag has horizontal stripes of different widths . the stripes symbolize : - blue = pacific - yellow = land of choiseul island - green = flora and vegetation . - red = fauna - black = melanesian people the white stars represent the church districts ( parish ) : north west , north east , upper south choiseul and south choiseul . in the center is a white circle with a black kuvojo ( or kukuvojo ) . the kuvojo is the choiseul crested pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) , a presumably extinct pigeon which was only known on the solomon island of choiseul in the pacific . jens pattke , 25 december 2008
how big are pigeons ? from bill to tail , the average pigeon is about 13 inches . males are bigger than females . the average pigeon weighs a little less than a pound .
pigeons and doves are stout - bodied birds with short necks , and have short slender bills with a fleshy cere . the species commonly referred to just as “pigeon” is the feral rock pigeon , common in many cities .
described as having a beautiful rising and falling whistling call . from choiseul , one of the solomon islands off the coast of new guinea . choiseul had no carnivorous mammals ( other than man , who sometimes hunted it for food ) before the introduction of feral cats by visitors to the islands ; the indigenous population on the island told researchers that the pigeon was wiped out by these cats . it was apparently very tame and would let local hunters approach it and pick it off its perch by hand .
in ornithological practice , there is a tendency for
dove
to be used for smaller species and
pigeon
for larger ones , but this is in no way consistently applied , and historically the common names for these birds involve a great deal of variation between the term
dove
and
pigeon .
the species commonly referred to just as the
pigeon
is the feral rock pigeon or rock dove ( columba livia ) , common in many cities .
this species is known from choiseul , solomon islands , but it has not been recorded since 1904 and is now extinct . it is likely to have been heavily predated by introduced dogs and cats .
choiseul i , in nw solomons ; known from six skins and a single egg # r . claims that it may have occurred on other islands from bougainville s to malaita are speculative # r .
pikacha , p . 2005 . kuvojo , an endemic choi ground pigeon . honiara , solomon islands : solomon star newspaper .
justification : this species is known from choiseul , solomon islands , but it has not been recorded since 1904 and is now extinct . it is likely to have been heavily predated by introduced dogs and cats .
extinct . known only from six specimens and a single egg taken on choiseul in jan 1904 , probably on nw coast of the island . the collector , meek , is sometimes said to have . . .
in europe , the wood pigeon is commonly shot as a game bird , [ 98 ] while rock pigeons were originally domesticated as a food species , and many breeds were developed for their meat - bearing qualities . [ 51 ] the extinction of the passenger pigeon in north america was at least partly due to shooting for use as food . [ 99 ] mrs beeton ' s book of household management contains recipes for roast pigeon and pigeon pie , a popular , inexpensive food in victorian industrial britain . [ 100 ]
in world war i , a pigeon saved the lives of many soldiers in the
lost battalion
of new york ' s 77th division of the u . s . army . this pigeon was cher ami . his name means
dear friend
in french .
the distinction between
doves
and
pigeons
is not consistent . in modern everyday speech , as opposed to scientific usage or formal usage ,
dove
frequently indicates a pigeon that is white or nearly white . however , some people use the terms
dove
and
pigeon
interchangeably . in contrast , in scientific and ornithological practice ,
dove
tends to be used for smaller species and
pigeon
for larger ones , but this is in no way consistently applied . historically , the common names for these birds involve a great deal of variation between the terms . the species most commonly referred to as
pigeon
is the species known by scientists as the rock dove , one subspecies of which , the domestic pigeon , is common in many cities as the feral pigeon .
but novak rejects the criticism .
passenger pigeon parents were never incredibly involved in raising their young ,
he says . he also plans to teach the chicks the basics of passenger pigeon life by dyeing carrier pigeons and essentially using them as flight controllers for the returning species .
pigeons are still sometimes used as messengers . for example , medical workers on an island in france put blood samples into the tiny pockets of a vest worn by a pigeon . the pigeon then flies the blood samples to the mainland . in many parts of the world , news photographers use pigeons . when they can ' t leave their spot or don ' t want to get caught in traffic , they attach their rolls of film to a pigeon . the pigeon carries the film to a developer in time for the next issue of a newspaper or magazine .
was exceptional for a number of reasons . in modern times , it is the only pigeon species that was not an island species to have become extinct
when that happens , clouds of passenger pigeons will darken the skies once again , and another dream could be fulfilled for novak .
part of me would really love a passenger pigeon as a pet ,
says the scientist . and perhaps , he adds , the pigeon zoo could even be expanded .
what color are pigeon eyes ? adult pigeons have orange or red - orange eyes . young pigeons under eight months old have brown or gray - brown eyes .
during a battle in france , the american soldiers found themselves surrounded by the enemy . then they found themselves being fired on by their own side ! they tried sending a message to their fellow troops by pigeon . the first message said ,
many wounded . we cannot evacuate .
the pigeon carrying the message was shot down . they sent out a second bird with the message ,
men are suffering . can support be sent ?
that pigeon too was shot down .
pigeon is a french word that derives from the latin pipio , for a
peeping
chick , [ 2 ] while dove is a germanic word that refers to the bird ' s diving flight . [ 3 ] the english dialect word
culver
appears to derive from latin columba , pigeon , dove . [ 2 ]
with the help of the genome created in this fashion , the scientists will create primordial germ cells for the passenger pigeon , which will then be implanted into young embryos of an easy - to - breed pigeon species . the scientists hope that once they have grown and mated , the pigeons will lay eggs that will hatch into passenger pigeons .
several species of pigeon or dove are used as food , and probably any could be ; the powerful breast muscles characteristic of the family make excellent meat . in europe , the wood pigeon is commonly shot as a game bird , while rock pigeons were originally domesticated as a food species , and many breeds were developed for their meat - bearing qualities .
novak is already thinking beyond the hatching of the first passenger pigeon . once a flock of the birds has been created , he plans to release them into the wild .
the passenger pigeon was a keystone species in the forest ecosystems ,
says novak , explaining that the destructive force of the flocks led to a radical rejuvenation of forests . thick layers of pigeon droppings fertilized the soil , which soon led to new growth .
passenger pigeons are the dance partners of the forest ,
the scientist raves . and the
ballroom
still exists .
microgoura meeki was probably endemic to choiseul , solomon islands , from where it is known from six skins and a single egg . claims that the species may have lived on islands from bougainville to malaita are speculative . it has not been recorded since 1904 and was likely heavily predated by introduced dogs and cats .
it should be possible to reconstruct the entire genome of the passenger pigeon ,
says novak .
the species is one of the most promising candidates for reintroducing an extinct species .
finally , practice your pigeon observation skills by making flash cards . you can print out the identification section and cut out the pigeon pictures to make the flash cards . shuffle the cards and quiz yourself , or get together with another pigeonwatcher to quiz each other . take your cards with you for a walk in your neighborhood . look for pigeons and practice observing color types and courtship activity .
baptista , l . f . , trail , p . w . , horblit , h . m . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . choiseul pigeon ( microgoura meeki ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
pigeons and doves constitute the bird family columbidae within the order columbiformes , which include some 300 species of near passerines . in general terms “dove” and “pigeon” are used somewhat interchangeably . in ornithological practice , there is a tendency for “dove” to be used for smaller species and “pigeon” for larger ones , but this is in no way consistently applied , and historically the common names for these birds involve a great deal of variation between the terms “dove” and “pigeon . ” this family occurs worldwide , but the greatest variety is in the indomalaya and australasia ecozones . young doves and pigeons are called “squabs . ”
the extinction of the passenger pigeon ( ectopistes migratorius ) is a common example of human over - exploitation . the passenger pigeon or wild pigeon was a species of columbidae that was once the most common bird in north america . it is estimated that there were as many as five billion passenger pigeons in the united states at the time europeans colonized north america . they lived in enormous flocks , and during migration , it was possible to see flocks of them a mile ( 1 . 6 km ) wide and 300 miles ( 500 km ) long , taking days to pass overhead . the primary factor in their decline emerged when pigeon meat was commercialized as a cheap food for slaves and the poor in the nineteenth century , resulting in hunting on a massive scale . by 1914 , they were extinct .
by the time the establishment of a closed season for the birds was proposed in the us state of minnesota in 1897 , it was already too late . the last wild passenger pigeon was shot to death in 1900 . then , pigeon martha - - named after martha washington , the country ' s first first lady - - finally met her end at around noon on sept . 1 , 1914 . she was the last surviving specimen in an unsuccessful program to breed the birds in captivity .
tennent , w . j . 2009 . a cat among the pigeons ! known specimens and supposed distribution of the extinct solomons crested pigeon microgoura meeki rothschild , 1904 . bulletin of the british ornithologists ' club 129 ( 4 ) : 241 - 253 .
novak has an audacious plan . he wants to resurrect the passenger pigeon . vast numbers of the birds once filled the skies over north america . but in 1914 martha , the last of her species , died in a zoo in cincinnati , ohio .
ehrenfeld also doesn ' t believe that revived species would stand much of a chance of survival .
who will care for the passenger pigeon chicks ?
he asks , noting that parental care is
critical
for the development of young birds .
pigeon and dove are common names , often used interchangeably , for the generally short - billed , small - headed , short - legged , plump birds comprising the widely distributed family columbidae within the order columbiformes . these birds also are typified by monogamous mating behavior , a characteristic cooing call , use of
pigeon ' s milk
to feed their young , and specialized bills that allow the steady sucking up of water . the short slender bills have with a fleshy cere ( swelling ) near the nostrils .
the world has been without passenger pigeons since 1914 . now , scientists want to bring them back . geneticist ben novak has embarked on the project and has begun collecting passenger pigeon dna from natural history museums . his
de - extinction
efforts are not without critics .
worthy , trevor h . ; hand , suzanne j . ; worthy , jennifer p . ; tennyson , alan j . d . ; scofield , r . paul ( 2009 ) .
a large fruit pigeon ( columbidae ) from the early miocene of new zealand
.
as the dodo and rodrigues solitaire are in all likelihood part of the indo - australian radiation that produced the 3 small subfamilies mentioned above with the fruit doves and - pigeons ( including the nicobar pigeon ) , they are here included as a subfamily raphinae , pending better material evidence of their exact relationships .
extinct animals are the most endangered species of them all
because
there is hardly anything left but the dna ,
says stewart brand of the long now foundation , which co - hosted the meeting with the national geographic society . the current showpiece project in bioengineering is the rebirth of the passenger pigeon .
the rock pigeon has been domesticated for hundreds of years . [ 82 ] it has been bred into several varieties kept by hobbyists , of which the best known is the homing pigeon or racing homer . [ 82 ] other popular breeds are tumbling pigeons such as the birmingham roller , and fancy varieties that are bred for certain physical characteristics such as large feathers on the feet or fan - shaped tails . domesticated rock pigeons are also bred as carrier pigeons , [ 47 ] used for thousands of years to carry brief written messages , [ 83 ] and release doves used in ceremonies . [ 84 ] white doves are also commonly used in magic acts . [ 85 ]
what color are pigeon legs and feet ? many pigeons have red legs and feet but the color can range from pink to gray - black . their claws are usually gray - black . on red or white pigeons , the claws are sometimes white . some pigeons wear
stockings ,
which are feathers that cover their legs and feet .
the eye sockets of the slender pigeon are filled with light - colored cotton . its neck feathers shimmer in iridescent colors , and it has a russet chest and a slate - blue head . the yellowed paper tag attached to its left leg reads :
coll . by capt . frank goss , neosho falls , kansas , july 4 , 1875 .
exacerbating these issues , columbids are not well represented in the fossil record . no truly primitive forms have been found to date . the genus gerandia has been described from early miocene deposits of france , but while it was long believed to be a pigeon it is more likely a sandgrouse . fragmentary remains of a probably “ptilinopine” early miocene pigeon were found in the bannockburn formation of new zealand and described as rupephaps ; “columba” prattae from roughly contemporary deposits of florida is nowadays tentatively separated in arenicolumba , but its distinctness from patagioenas needs to be more firmly established . apart from that , all other fossils belong to extant genera . for these , and for the considerable number of more recently extinct prehistoric species , see the respective genus accounts .
while many species of pigeons and doves have benefited from human activities and have increased their ranges , many other species have declined in numbers and some have become threatened or even succumbed to extinction . [ 65 ] among the ten species to have become extinct since 1600 ( the conventional date for estimating modern extinctions ) are two of the most famous extinct species , the dodo and the passenger pigeon . [ 65 ]
ben novak lifts up the stuffed bird to study the tag more closely . then he returns the pigeon to a group of 11 other specimens of the same species , which are resting on their backs in a wooden drawer .
it ' s easy to see just dead birds ,
he says .
but imagine them alive , billions of birds . what would they look like in the sky ?
the story of ectopistes migratorius is a striking example of human hubris . when the europeans arrived , the passenger pigeon was probably the most common bird on the american continent . the birds travelled in giant flocks , sometimes several hundred kilometers long .
the air was literally filled with pigeons ,
naturalist john audubon wrote in 1831 , after observing the spectacle .
the light of noon - day was obscured as by an eclipse .
what sounds do pigeons make ? pigeons make lots of different sounds . their main sound is used by males to attract mates or defend their territories : coo roo - c ' too - coo . the call they make from their nest is oh - oo - oor . a pigeon call of alarm is oorhh ! baby pigeons make sounds by snapping their beaks or hissing . after mating , male birds make loud noises by clapping their wings together .
novak , a researcher with the long now foundation , a california think tank , wants to give the species a second chance . at the museum of vertebrate zoology in berkeley , novak used a scalpel to slice small tissue samples from the red - painted toes of the passenger pigeons kept there . he hopes to isolate tiny bits of dna from the samples and use them to assemble an entire genotype . his ultimate goal is the resurrection of the passenger pigeon .
the family columbidae previously also contained the family raphidae , consisting of the extinct rodrigues solitaire and the dodo . [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] these species are in all likelihood part of the indo - australian radiation that produced the three small subfamilies mentioned above , [ 21 ] with the fruit doves and pigeons ( including the nicobar pigeon ) . therefore , they are here included as a subfamily raphinae , pending better material evidence of their exact relationships . [ 22 ]
if you have decided to be a pigeonwatcher , you should first observe the birds in your neighborhood . are there any pigeons near where you live ? find their
hang - outs
and study them for several minutes . can you see any differences between one pigeon and another ? use colored pencils or crayons to draw a picture of any pigeons you see . you can print out this page and use the drawing below as a template . fill in the details you observe .
in islam , doves and the pigeon family in general are respected and favoured because they are believed to have assisted the final prophet of islam , muhammad , in distracting his enemies outside the cave of thaw ' r , in the great hijra . [ 96 ] a pair of pigeons had built a nest and laid eggs at once , and a spider had woven cobwebs , which in the darkness of the night made the fugitives believe that muhammad could not be in that cave . [ 96 ]
the passenger pigeon ' s dna has about 1 . 3 billion base pairs . their sequence describes what the bird looks like , what its call sounds like and how it behaves . however , the animal ' s genetic material in the museums is shredded into miniscule pieces , degraded by bacteria and contaminated with foreign dna . but that doesn ' t deter novak . he and beth shapiro , an evolutionary biologist at the university of california in santa cruz , have begun to decode the bird ' s dna .
when the first olympic games were held in greece in 776 bc , how did people find out who the winners were ? pigeons carried the news ! julius caesar , the emperor of rome more than 2 , 000 years ago , used birds to send messages back home from battle . pigeons were used as war messengers as recently as in world war ii . in fact , until the invention of the telegraph in 1836 and the telephone in 1875 , the fastest way to send any kind of news was by pigeon .
one homing pigeon was left - cher ami . his message was ,
our artillery is dropping a barrage on us . for heaven ' s sake , stop it !
the men of the lost battalion saw cher ami fly up - and then saw him shot down . yet soon cher ami was airborne again . hopes soared . cher ami ' s leg was shot off and he was hit by another bullet . still , this bird kept flying . cher ami finally got through . the shooting stopped , and many lives were saved .
rock pigeons selectively bred for their ability to home over long distances , called homing pigeons , have served humans in times of war as war pigeons , and have even been awarded war medals to honor their services to humanity . these include the homing pigeon , cher ami , who received the french croix de guerre for services during wartime , and who is now enshrined in the smithsonian institution , and g . i . joe , who received the dickin medal for his role in preventing the bombing of an italian village of over 1 , 000 people .
in addition to various species of columbidae being used by humans for food and to carry messages , the dove has offered considerable symbolic value . in particular , white doves have been used as a symbol of love and peace , as well as the holy spirit in the christian faith . on the other hand , the extinction of the passenger pigeon is a well - known example of human over - exploitation . this species once numbered in the billions in north america , living in enormous flocks , but declined catastrophically in the face of severe hunting pressure for food .
now you are ready for the information - gathering part of project pigeonwatch . scientists call this
data collecting .
go outside to a pigeon
hang - out ,
which is a place where pigeons gather . you will toss out bird food to attract the pigeons and count all the pigeons . next , count the number of pigeons of each color morph . if there is time and your pigeons are courting , you may stay to observe courtship behavior . finally , keep a written record of the information you collected and send it to the scientists .
doves and pigeons feed on seeds , fruit , and plants . the usually construct flimsy nests are made of sticks , and the two white eggs are incubated by both sexes . unlike most other birds , doves and pigeons produce
crop milk ,
or
pigeon ' s milk ,
which is secreted by a sloughing of fluid - filled cells from the lining of the crop . it is regurgitated to feed the young pigeons . both sexes produce this highly nutritious substance to feed to the young . ( similar crop milk is also produced by flamingos . )
pigeons and doves exhibit considerable variation in size , ranging in length from 15 to 75 centimetres ( 5 . 9 to 29 . 5 in ) , and in weight from 30 g ( 0 . 066 lb ) to above 2 , 000 g ( 4 . 4 lb ) . [ 31 ] the largest species is the crowned pigeon of new guinea , [ 32 ] which is nearly turkey - sized , at a weight of 2 - 4 kg ( 4 . 4 - 8 . 8 lb ) . [ 33 ] the smallest is the new world ground dove of the genus columbina , which is the same size as a house sparrow , weighing as little as 22 g ( 0 . 049 lb ) . [ 15 ] with a total length of more than 50 cm ( 20 in ) and weight of almost 1 kg ( 2 . 2 lb ) , the largest arboreal species is the marquesan imperial pigeon , [ 34 ] while the dwarf fruit dove , which may measure as little as 13 cm ( 5 . 1 in ) , has a marginally smaller total length than any other species from this family . [ 15 ]
the order presented here , with nine subfamilies , follows baptista et al . ( 1997 ) with some updates ( johnson and clayton 2000 ; johnson et al . 2001 ; shapiro et al . 2002 ) . in addition , some would include a subfamily raphinae , with the the dodo and rodrigues solitaire , rather than placing them in own family , pending better material evidence of their exact relationships . the dodo and rodrigues solitaire are in all likelihood part of the indo - australian radiation that produced the 3 small subfamilies mentioned above , with the fruit - doves and pigeons ( including the nicobar pigeon ) .
novak ' s goal is to bring back the species , and he seems perfect for the job . in elementary school , he completed a project on the dodo , the extinct bird species from mauritius . the passenger pigeon has fascinated him for years .
we caused the extinction of the species ,
says the 26 - year - old .
now we have a moral obligation to bring them back .
to that end , the genetic detective is visiting natural history museums to take tissue samples from as many of the roughly 1 , 500 remaining samples of the skin and bones of the bird as possible .
the columbidae family is a highly coherent group with no members showing obvious links with other bird families , or vice versa . the dodo and solitaires are clearly related , but equally lacking in obvious links with other bird families . the limited fossil record also consists only of unequivocal columbidae species . links to the sandgrouse and parrots have been suggested , but resemblances to the first group are considered due to convergent evolution and the second depend on the parrot - like features of the tooth - billed pigeon . however , the distinctive features of that bird seem to have arisen from its specialized diet rather than a real relationship to the parrots .
cher ami , a homing pigeon in world war i , was awarded the croix de guerre medal , by france , with a palm oak leaf cluster for her service in verdun . [ 78 ] despite having almost lost a leg and being shot in the chest , she managed to travel around twenty - five miles to deliver the message that saved 194 men of the lost battalion of the 77th infantry division in the battle of the argonne , in october 1918 . [ 78 ] [ 79 ] when cher ami died , she was mounted and is part of the permanent exhibit at the national museum of american history of the smithsonian institution . [ 80 ]
this family is a highly coherent group with no members showing obvious links with other bird families , or vice versa . the dodo and solitaires are clearly related , as discussed below , but equally lacking in obvious links with other bird families . the limited fossil record also consists only of unequivocal columbidae species . links to the sandgrouse and parrots have been suggested , but resemblances to the first group are due to convergent evolution [ citation needed ] and the second depend on the parrot - like features of the tooth - billed pigeon . however , the distinctive features of that bird seem to have arisen from its specialized diet rather than a real relationship to the parrots [ citation needed ] .
the pigeon was used in both world war i and ii , notably by the australian , french , german , american , and uk forces . they were also awarded with various laurels throughout , for their service . on 2december 1943 , three pigeons – winkie , tyke , and white vision – were awarded the first ever dickin medal , serving with britain ' s royal air force , for rescuing an air force crew during world warii . [ 74 ] thirty - two pigeons have been decorated with the dickin medal , citing them for
brave service
, [ 75 ] for war contributions , including commando , g . i . joe , [ 76 ] paddy , royal blue , and william of orange . [ 77 ]
the largest range of any species is that of the rock dove . the species had a large natural distribution from britain and ireland to northern africa , across europe , arabia , central asia , india , the himalayas and up into china and mongolia . the range of the species increased dramatically upon domestication as the species went feral in cities around the world . the species is currently resident across most of north america , and has established itself in cities and urban areas in south america , sub - saharan africa , south east asia , japan , australia and new zealand . the species is not the only pigeon to have increased its range due to actions of man ; several other species have become established outside of their natural range after escaping captivity , and other species have increased their natural ranges due to habitat changes caused by human activities .
pigeons and doves exhibit considerable variations in size . the largest species are the crowned pigeons of new guinea , which are nearly turkey - sized , at a weight of 2 - 4 kilograms ( 4 . 4 - 8 . 8 lbs . ) the smallest are the new world ground - doves of the genus columbina , which are the same size as a house sparrow and weigh as little as 22 grams . with a total length of more than 50 centimeters ( 19 in ) and weight of almost a kilo ( 2 lb ) , the largest arboreal species is the marquesan imperial pigeon , while the dwarf fruit dove , which may measure as little as 13 centimeters ( 5 . 1 in ) , has a marginally smaller total length than any other species from this family . smaller species tend to be known as doves , while larger species as pigeons , but there is no taxonomic basis for distinguishing between the two .
the largest range of any species is that of the rock dove . [ 60 ] this species had a large natural distribution from britain and ireland to northern africa , across europe , arabia , central asia , india , the himalayas and up into china and mongolia . [ 60 ] the range of the species increased dramatically upon domestication , as the species went feral in cities around the world . [ 60 ] the species is currently resident across most of north america , and has established itself in cities and urban areas in south america , sub - saharan africa , southeast asia , japan , australia , and new zealand . [ 60 ] the species is not the only pigeon to have increased its range due to the actions of man ; several other species have become established outside of their natural range after escaping captivity , and other species have increased their natural ranges due to habitat changes caused by human activity . [ 15 ]
some species have large natural ranges . the eared dove ranges across the entirety of south america from colombia to tierra del fuego , the eurasian collared dove has a massive ( if discontinuous ) distribution from britain across europe , the middle east , india , pakistan and china , and the laughing dove across most of sub - saharan africa as well as india , pakistan and the middle - east . other species have a tiny restricted distribution ; this is most common in island endemics . the whistling dove is endemic to the tiny kadavu island in fiji , the caroline ground - dove is restricted to two islands , truk and pohnpei in the caroline islands and the grenada dove is restricted to grenada in the caribbean . some continental species also have tiny distributions ; for example the black - banded fruit dove is restricted to a small area of the arnhem land of australia , the somali pigeon is restricted to a tiny area of northern somalia , and moreno’s ground dove is restricted to the area around salta and tucuman in northern argentina .
some species have large natural ranges . the eared dove ranges across the entirety of south america from colombia to tierra del fuego , [ 52 ] the eurasian collared dove has a massive ( if discontinuous ) distribution from britain across europe , the middle east , india , pakistan and china , [ 53 ] and the laughing dove across most of sub - saharan africa , as well as india , pakistan , and the middle east . [ 54 ] other species have tiny , restricted distributions ; this is most common in island endemics . the whistling dove is endemic to the tiny kadavu island in fiji , [ 55 ] the caroline ground dove is restricted to two islands , truk and pohnpei in the caroline islands , [ 56 ] and the grenada dove is restricted to grenada in the caribbean . [ 57 ] some continental species also have tiny distributions ; for example , the black - banded fruit dove is restricted to a small area of the arnhem land of australia , [ 58 ] the somali pigeon is restricted to a tiny area of northern somalia , [ 59 ] and moreno ' s ground dove is restricted to the area around salta and tucuman in northern argentina . [ 15 ]
based on urltoken there ' s some kind of
decoration
on the ring surrounding the bird which is facing the fly not the hoist . the ring on the flag used in the parade shown at urltoken obviously is plain but the bird indeed seems to face the fly . paraskevas renesis , 13 february 2013
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
brooks , t . 2000 . extinct species . in : birdlife international ( ed . ) , threatened birds of the world , pp . 701 - 708 . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona and cambridge , u . k .
( knox and walters 1994 ) . claims that it may have occurred on islands from bougainville to malaita are speculative ( tennent 2009 ) . it has not been recorded since 1904
) ( tennent 2009 ) . there have been several unsuccessful searches for it ( dutson 2011 ) and it is now considered extinct .
it was probably a species of lowland forests and swamps , and reportedly nested on the ground ( tennent 2009 ) . it occurred in small groups and was reported to be tame ( dutson 2011 ) .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 1 . forest - > 1 . 8 . forest - subtropical / tropical swamp suitability : suitable season : unknown major importance : no
8 . invasive and other problematic species , genes & diseases - > 8 . 1 . invasive non - native / alien species / diseases - > 8 . 1 . 2 . named species
collar , n . j . ; crosby , m . j . ; stattersfield , a . j . 1994 . birds to watch 2 : the world list of threatened birds . birdlife international , cambridge , u . k .
diamond , j . m . 1987 . extant unless proven extinct ? or , extinct unless proven extant ? conservation biology 1 ( 1 ) : 77 - 79 .
dutson , g . 2011 . birds of melanesia : bismarcks , solomons , vanuatu and new caledonia . christopher helm , london .
iucn . 2016 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2016 - 3 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 07 december 2016 ) .
knox , a . g . ; walters , m . p . 1994 . extinct and endangered birds in the collections of the natural history museum . british ornithologists ' club , tring , u . k .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : microgoura meeki . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
very distinctive species with no obvious close relatives ; may represent link between the large goura crowned - pigeons and trugon terrestris . monotypic .
not recorded since 1904 # r , despite several intensive searches and interviews with villagers # r . causes of extinction uncertain but likely to have been predation by feral cats and dogs # r .
31–35 cm . forehead and face black ; top of head bluish grey becoming darker on back and breast ; pinkish wash below eye ; bushy backward - pointing crest of hair - like . . .
unknown . local people reported that it sang in evening at roost - sites .
not known ; sometimes claimed to have inhabited remote cloud forests in the island’s interior . . .
one dark cream - coloured egg laid on the ground and reported to be relatively small for the bird’s size .
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classified as extinct ( ex ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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this species had a length of approximately 30 cm , roughly the size of a chicken . on the top of the head was a dark bluish crest similar to the crowned pigeons of papua new guinea . the forehead and the front of the face were black , the rest of the head was sparsely pinnate with a reddish hue . mantle and breast had a dark blueish colour with a brown tinge on the lower back .
this species had a length of approximately 30 cm , which resembles the size of a chicken . on the top of the head was a dark bluish crest similar to the crowned pigeons of papua new guinea . the forehead and the front of the face were black , the rest of the head was sparsely pinnate with a reddish hue . the mntle and breast had a dark bluish color with a brown tinch on the lower back . the wings and the rump were olive brown . the tail was dark brown with a purple hue . the abdomen had a chestnut colored tone . the upper side of the bill was black , the lower side red . the legs were purplish red .
the articles or images on this page are the sole property of the authors or photographers .
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hycilla ( 1941 – 1953 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare , who raced during world war ii and was best known for winning the classic oaks stakes in 1944 .

unraced as a juvenile , she finished second on her three-year-old debut before winning the oaks , which was run that year at newmarket racecourse .

she was beaten when favourite for the st leger but ended her year with a win in the champion stakes .

in the following year she failed to win but ran well in defeat when third in a strongly-contested coronation cup .

she was retired to become a broodmare in the united states but made little impact , producing four minor stakes winners .

hycilla

lner thampson a2 / 3 pacific 60516 ' ' hycilla ' ' near york station , in summer 1961 .
a2 / 3 built 1946 60516 ' hycilla ' heading south , north of darlington , county durham , summer 1961 . by barry price
a set of nameplate seen at the nrm , york including 2400 city of newcastle , 61025 pallah , 60014 silver link and 60516 hycilla .
winner hycilla in third . tehran , who had been unbeaten since losing to ocean swell in the derby was a late withdrawal : his trainer
locomotive nameplate , london & north eastern railway ,
hycilla
, ex thompson a2 / 3 class , no . 516 / 60516 , built november 1946 , doncaster works no . 2007 , withdrawn november 1962 , ( note :
hycilla
was the name of the winner of the 1944 oaks ) .
fill in the form below to enquire about hycilla . we’ll get right back to you . if you’d prefer a chat , call us on 01937 541111 .
thompson a2 / 3 4 - 6 - 2 60516
hycilla
runs light through selby station and heads for its home depot at york - c . 1960 .
former l . n . e . r . a2 pacific no . 60516 hycilla caught at fallodon on the east coast main line with a train of pullman stock . 7th june 1960 .
i was introduced to mermaid sailing by my uncle vincent in his boat 119 ‘three chevrons’ . then when i was 16 i bought my first mermaid ‘hycilla’ with my brother mark . we competed in our first championship in foynes in 2004 and i was hooked after that !
hycilla ( gb ) ch . f , 1941 { 2 - n } dp = 8 - 0 - 17 - 5 - 4 ( 34 ) di = 0 . 94 cd = 0 . 09 - 9 starts , 2 wins , places , shows career earnings : 4 , 713 pounds
view westward , between the dirty monsters : on the left is lner thompson a2 / 3 class 4 - 6 - 2 no . 60516 ' hycilla ' ( built 11 / 46 , withdrawn 11 / 62 ) . one of the four principal sheds on tyneside , gateshead ( 52a ) had an allocation of 94 at that time .
hycilla offers 1 , 382 sq ft ( nia ) of office space , which can be configured for up to 10 people . with a private garden terrace , the office benefits from natural daylight , kitchen facilities and an additional lower ground storage area , all within easy reach of bowcliffe hall and your own private members’ club , the bowcliffe drivers’ club .
hycilla offers 1 , 300 sq ft ( nia ) of office space , which can be configured for up to 10 people . with a private garden terrace , the office benefits from natural daylight , kitchen facilities and an additional lower ground storage area , all within easy reach of bowcliffe hall and your own private members’ club , the bowcliffe drivers’ club .
i started in my mermaid ‘hycilla’ , then graduated to ‘argo’ and now to ‘innocence’ . i have cruised extensively up and down the west coast with my father james on his boat alpara . i also did some offshore cruising with my uncle . crossing the bay of biscay in 50 kts of wind was an experience to say the least . i’m currently also sailing a j24 ably assisted by my crew and gifted siblings .
in june 1960 a2 pacific ‘hycilla’ draws a train of pullman stock south through fallodon . the station which stood beyond the crossing appears to have been demolished , but the ner signal box remains in place . the thompson - designed 4 - 6 - 2 locomotive was built at the lner doncaster works in november 1946 . she was withdrawn from 50a , york north shed , on 12 november 1962 and was cut up at doncaster works in april 1963 .
overall , woodward bred 101 stakes winners , including seven american champions ( gallant fox , faireno , happy gal , omaha , granville , vagrancy and nashua ) . he also bred four european champions ( foxbrough , hycilla , black tarquin and prince simon ) . woodward - owned horses enjoyed considerable success in england , winning races such as st . leger stakes , ascot gold cup and epsom oaks . woodward’s string in england was so successful that he was the second - leading owner there in 1937 .
this property is located at hycilla , perrancoombe , perranporth tr6 0hy and has an estimated current value of £342 , 000 . unnamed road has 160 houses and flats on it with an average current value of £367 , 458 , compared to an average property value of £283 , 603 for tr6 . there have been 15 property sales on unnamed road , tr6 over the last 5 years with an average house price paid of £332 , 473 . there are currently 38 properties to buy in tr6 with an average asking price of £298 , 817 and 4 houses and flats to rent in tr6 with an average asking rent of £225 pw .
this property is located at hycilla , church road , chichester po19 7hl and has an estimated current value of £369 , 000 . church road has 59 houses and flats on it with an average current value of £273 , 133 , compared to an average property value of £383 , 347 for po19 . there have been 18 property sales on church road , po19 over the last 5 years with an average house price paid of £231 , 444 , and this property was last sold on 26th nov 1996 for £82 , 000 . there are currently 242 houses and flats for sale in po19 with an average asking price of £365 , 840 and 53 homes to rent in po19 with an average asking rent of £264 pw .
when the pacific nameplates were sold some people opted to clean and in some cases paint the background , others preferring to leave them in as withdrawn condition . i remember very many years ago c1970 a bungalow by the a1 near wetherby with the nameplate of 60516 hycilla affixed to the wall painted with a red background . in b r days some of the scottish pacifics , such as 60159 / 60534 carried a blue background and some of the king ' s cross a4s - as previously mentioned - carried red backgrounds at different times , eg 60032 c1960 . i personally don ' t remember seeing orange on ne pacifics , though i did see 60151 with an orange background to the smokebox numberplate in summer 1965 . by this time she had lost her nameplates .
doncaster racecourse , the traditional home of the st leger was unavailable for racing in 1944 and substitute
new st leger
was run at newmarket in september . ridden by gordon richards , tehran started at odds of 9 / 2 [ 9 ] in a field of seventeen runners which also included ocean swell and the filly hycilla , the winner of the oaks stakes , who started favourite . he won by one and a half lengths from lord derby ' s colt borealis with ocean swell third . [ 10 ] after the race richards commented
i made the first forward move and was followed by harry wragg on borealis . harry must have got almost to tehran ' s head but there was no laziness about tehran and he went on again . eph smith joined in on ocean swell but they could make no impression on me as i pushed a good horse home . he got a pace just to his liking
. [ 11 ]
other progeny included aureole ( owned by king george vi ) , owen tudor ( wartime derby , st leger & ascot gold cup winner ) , sun chariot the moody but brilliant winner of the english 1000 guineas , oaks & st leger , godiva ( winner of wartime 1000 guineas & oaks ) , hycilla ( winner of the oaks & champion stakes in 1944 ) , sun stream ( winner of the queen mary stakes as a 2yo & 1000 guineas ) , sun castle ( winner of wartime st leger beating owen tudor ) , hypericum a very temperamental winner of the dewhurst & 1000 guineas , heliopolis a chester vase , prince of wales ' stakes & gratwick stakes winner . khaled who was unsound of wind didn ' t win anything of real note but proved to be a good sire in america including oaks winner a glitter , champion sprinters el drag , correspondent & linmold . alibhai was unraced but became a succesful american sire of super fillies bowl of flowers , flower bowl and bornastar .
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the new equineline mare produce records online subscription service provides unlimited access to important and continually updated information from around the world for thoroughbred mares and their offspring . each request accesses the extensive international pedigree and racing database used by the jockey club information systems in real time and includes :
non - productive information ( barren , not bred , bred to , etc . as reported for usa , canada , puerto rico , england , ireland & australia )
your unlimited access annual subscription ( $ 349 ) will provide the most global , accurate , timely and comprehensive mare produce record information available , which can be easily and quickly viewed , emailed or printed .
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i col : , owned b . v lord derby ' s granddaugtr - !
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taking an office on the bowcliffe hall estate is a lifestyle choice . we offer a unique , uplifting work environment and seek to support and assist you in any way we can to make the day to day running of your business and the happiness of your team , the best it can be . join our running club or weekly pilates sessions , have your car valeted or your dry cleaning collected – anything we can do to help you , we will . all you have to do is ask .
with one eye on sustainability , the estate is almost entirely heated using a ground floor pump heating system , the grounds maintained using water from our rainwater harvester and low energy lighting systems used wherever possible .
with an on site it advisory service , free car parking , bicycle storage and electric car charging points , we strive to cater for your every need .
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taking a serviced or unserviced office on the bowcliffe estate is a lifestyle choice . we offer a unique , uplifting work environment and seek to support and assist you in any way we can to make the day to day running of your business and the happiness of your team , the best it can be . join our running club or weekly pilates sessions , have your car valeted or your dry cleaning collected – anything we can do to help you , we will . all you have to do is ask .
offering beautiful period offices with many original features , or , more contemporary , open plan spaces ; all offices are business ready and have the advantage of natural daylight , many with impressive views across the grounds .
with an on site it advisory service , free car parking , bicycle storage , electric car charging points and many offices with shower and kitchen facilities , we strive to cater for your every need .
anyone taking an office on the estate is entitled to free membership of our private members’ club , the bowcliffe drivers’ club , located in bowcliffe hall . with décor inspired by the glamorous 1920s and the golden age of motoring , our award winning signature chef , john topham , creates delicious breakfast & lunch menus and all day refreshments , making the drivers’ club the perfect location for informal meetings or simply taking a break from the office .
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hangar on ! a home with a 300m runway ? it’s yours for £1 . 8m
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . others in class of 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . those with asterisk i have posted a picture of . . . . . .
. . . . . . others in the class of 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the loco was withdrawn in november 1962 , and scrapped in april 1963 . none of the class survived into preservation .
. . . . . others in the class of 15 . . . . . . none were saved . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . * those with asterisk i have posted a picture of . . . . . .
c . 1960 - selby , west ( now north ) yorkshire . by john turner
the ungainly 1946 built pacific had a relatively short working life of just 16 years and 10 days . it was withdrawn from 50a depot in december 1962 .
: copyright : 2016 - peter brumby / 53a models of hull . scanned by me from the original 120 format negative ; photographed by peter brumby & reproduced with his permission .
. . . . . needs better restoration . . . . . . . . at york museum
this forum is for the discussion of the locomotives , motive power , and rolling stock of the lner and its constituent companies .
hi guys new to the forum but i am in the middle of building an n gauge peppercorn a1 which i had intended to number and name 60134 foxhunter in a late british rail green . . . . my question is with regards to the background colour of the nameplate . . . . . i ' ve currently got a set of plates with black backgrounds but i ' ve been advised by a good authority that this particular loco * might * have had an orange background at the point of withdrawal . can anyone offer any thoughts . regards cj
as i recall most if not all of the ner a1s had their nameplates removed around the spring / summer of 1965 for security purposes . i remember seeing 60134 without nameplates in around august 1965 and most of the survivors of the class , including 60134 , were withdrawn 10 - 11 / 65 , leaving just two of the class 60124 / 45 still in service into 1966 .
thanks for the info guys i wonder its possible that the plates were painted red after removal for some reason . the chap who gave me the information knows for a fact they became red after withdrawal at some point although seems to think the red is more dark orange maybe than red but that might just be matter of opinion . interesting stuff . thanks
. i can ' t recall exact details but this could go some way to explaining why some nameplates were light blue backed ( scottish ) , orange ( north eastern region ) and red ( london midland ) ? i unfortunately never kept a record of what he used to tell , in hindsight i wish i had .
the above is probably a form of railwayman ' s myth , but i thought i ' d share it , firstly for nostalgia ' s sake , and secondly in case it helps towards some form of true answer to the op .
other than black , i can remember seeing only red backgrounds , and those only on some a4 ' s , as you mention , stembok . as for regional variations in background colours , you ' d have to wonder why some 34a a4 ' s would be sporting red backgrounds ( mind you , it did look good - and not that dull midland crimson ) and not er deep blue . come to that , i wonder how they came to the decision to paint tornado ' s nameplate background in sr light blue .
hi interested in the area served by 52d . also researching colliery wagonways from same area .
the dublin bay mermaid ‘champions in the spotlight’ series which profiles our 3 reigning national champions ( national , leinster and munster ) comes to a close this week with a 3rd and final article on the current munster champion , darragh mc cormack from foynes yacht club . for msa captain roisin mc cormack who interviewed and profiled all the champs , this one was extra enjoyable as darragh is a first cousin , great friend and sailing companion . indeed when you read on to the interview you’ll see just how strong an influence darragh’s family has had on his sailing endeavours to date . his uncle vincent first introduced him to the mermaids , his father james is currently commodore of foynes yacht club , his sister mary is quickly making a name for herself in the laser circuit and his crew is usually made up of at least 50 % siblings , cousins and uncles . god help those at family get - togethers that don’t have an interest in boats !
also helming and campaigning a j24 , darragh had a good season last year , winning 2 club series at foynes and winning their class overall at wiora . having recently bought a new j24 , he is hoping for an even better season this year and is looking forward to helming along with his crew made up entirely of mc cormacks !
overall winners of the mermaid munster championship 2016 , 188 innocence , helmed by darragh mc cormack with crew mark mc cormack and cathal mcmahon . pictured here with foynes yacht club commodore james mc cormack .
while the j24 has allowed him some diversity in his sailing calendar his real love is for the mermaids where he started out helming at the age of 16 . he has come a long way and is now a serious contender at the nationals every year having come 2 nd overall in 2015 and 5 th overall last year . he also won the leinster championship title in 2015 and more recently the munster title for 2016 . sailing mermaid 188 ‘innocence’ , last year with his crew brother mark mc cormack and friend cathal mcmahon , he has one key ambition ; to win the national title . it has taken him over 10 years to get to a stage where he is now a serious contender for winning the nationals and here roisin chats to him to find out more about his sailing background and what tips and advice he has picked up along the way .
i love the atmosphere around mermaid sailing . they’re a great family of people . everyone is always willing to help each other and offer advice plus the class offers excellent racing and an even better social calendar .
team work definitely plays a huge role as well as time on the water .
being able to work well with my crew on the boat was a major ingredient . time on the water before the event also aided us greatly .
well i have been sailing in mermaids with both mark and cathal since i was 16 . we have a great understanding of each other on the boat . they both have great patience to be able put up with me on the stick !
188 innocence sailing at the 2015 national championship where they finished 2nd overall . helm is darragh mc cormack with crew cathal mcmahon and mark mc cormack . photo courtesy of foynes yacht club .
foynes would have to be my favourite place to sail . it always provides a challenge with the strong tides , wind shifts and squalls .
the last race of the mermaid national championship in howth last year , screaming down a reach alongside paddy dillon on 131 , aptly named wild wind .
keep working hard , i was near the back of the fleet for years ( don’t get me wrong its great fun back there ) , but i kept working hard and persevering and eventually got the results i deserved .
188 innocence from foynes yacht club , finishing 2nd overall at the 2015 national championship . pictured here from left to right is mark mc cormack , cathal mc mahon , darragh mc cormack and foynes yacht club commodore james mc cormack ( who is also a very proud father in this instance ! )
darragh is an excellent example of someone who really embraced the mermaid class and all it has to offer , starting out at the young age of 16 he quickly got to know most of the members and after every race he could be seen making a beeline for the guys who had come in the top 5 to learn from them , ask their advice and see how he could improve . he has remarked many times on how open and helpful everyone has always been and his recent successes are testament to the fact that anyone who is willing to put in the hard work and practice can get the results .
indeed this is something that was echoed by mermaid national champion , sam shiels who also remarked that he is not a ‘natural sailor’ and had to work very hard to win the title twice . a consistent piece of advice that came from all 3 reigning champs is that time on the water is key , now is the time to get into the sheds and tweak , fix and adjust your boats to be launched as early as possible in may or even april . with the competition heating up in the class it will be very interesting to see if darragh can manage to retain his title as munster champion this coming june . the event will be the first of the mermaid’s championship events and will be held at foynes yacht club on the 3 rd and 4 th of june .
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not sure what kind of birds these are , but a bunch of them flew over . anyone know ?
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we visit mother hubbards every time we are in scarborough , ask any pensioner about the restaraunt , ( thats how we found it ) it is close to the station opposite the lord rosebury pub , it is on the second floor ( not wheelchair friendly ) the fish and chips are grand and good value , you must try the lunchtime or tea time special what a a gem , keep away from the seafront chippies . also an added bonus is the background music ie . the shadows ( i am a shadows fan , as is ann the lady in charge ) you only have to look at the customers to see that the place is good as the diners are all discerning eaters mostly older people ( they know whats a good meal ) the place is always buzzing there , that alone tells you something . keep up the good work annie we will see you next time in town . ann & stan shadows fan
one of things i was disappointed with when i moved to scarborough 8 years ago is the poor quality of its fish restaurants . i ' lve had much bette ron thesussex coast . in this part of the world i was hoping for something better . mother hubbards , is pretty average , not good or bad but the experience is a bit off putting as its a bit like eating in a hospital waiting room . however the menu is ok and the service is pretty good , and the value is ok . shame about the environment .
mother hubbard ' s is quite close to the station - opposite the wetherspoons ' pub on the main shopping street . very good fish & chips with tea , bread and butter - could eat it all again just thinking about it ! ! !
when ever we are in scarborough we eat here , its got to be the best fish and chips for miles . lunch and tea time special deals also . go up to 1st floor for restaurant then one more floor up for the toilets . its opposite wetherspoons on the main shopping street .
service very good , did not wait long to be served and food was hot and tasty . the restaurant menu also includes ' non fish ' dishes .
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north side of the level crossing , on the lane branching off the b1340 a short distance north - east of christon bank village .
notes : this station was constructed close to the gates and drive of fallodon hall , one of the homes of the eminent grey family , through whose land the railway passed . the most renowned member of the family was charles , 2nd earl grey , who was british prime minister from 1830 - 34 , and it was for his use that the station at little mill was provided , four miles south of fallodon , and close to the other family seat of howick hall .
by providing the station at fallodon for the influential family the passage of the newcastle & berwick railway bill through parliament was eased . the understanding was that this station would be private but that the general public could use christon bank station , a little less than a mile south of fallodon . at the time of its opening , sir george grey ( pictured left ) was the proprietor of fallodon hall , and he held the position of home secretary in the whig prime minister lord john russell’s cabinet . grey was given the right to stop any public train at fallodon .
on the up ( east ) platform was a pent - roof stone shelter of the standard n & b design . like the station house , the shelter carried ball finials . a siding was south of the crossing , east of the main tracks , but there was no goods depot .
the station’s signal box was constructed by october 1877 on the down side of the tracks , immediately south of the level crossing . it was an ner n4 design with a brick base , initially equipped with a stevens 24 - lever frame , with two platform levers , of unknown function , for the private station . from march 1961 it was demoted to a gate box , released by christon bank . fallodon box closed on 27 june 1967 when automatic half barriers were installed ; they were supervised from christon bank , then when this box closed in 1974 , the responsibility passed to chathill . after chathill box closed in december 1990 surveillance was by cctv from alnmouth . fallodon signal box has been demolished .
fallodon station was always private , used only by the greys , their guests ( many of whom were distinguished members of society ) and their servants . nevertheless , ner nameboards were installed .
the station was a drain on ner finances : receipts between 1897 and 1914 amounted to £600 , whilst the stationmaster and porter cost £157 and £100 respectively each year . in 1914 only eighteen passengers were booked .
the baronetcy of fallodon passed to edward grey ( pictured left ) who became liberal mp for berwick and eventually british foreign secretary from 1905 - 16 . he was briefly chairman of the ner , and later of the lner north eastern area local board . he showed responsible restraint in exercising the right to stop trains at his private station : faster expresses which did not call at alnmouth and belford were not inconvenienced , except in emergency . in 1898 , in addition to ‘local’ stopping services , this effectively meant that four faster trains in each direction might call at fallodon : these were the up trains departing edinburgh waverley at 10 . 20am , 2 . 45pm , 5 . 15pm and 7 . 35pm , and down trains leaving newcastle at 6 . 20am , 9 . 30am , 12 . 20pm and 5 . 33pm . in 1907 when the stationmaster at berwick chose to be helpful by arranging for one of the principal express trains to call at fallodon for the convenience of a visitor to the hall , the ner operating department took a dim view of the incident . in the midst of his responsibilities as british foreign secretary edward grey had the courtesy to write to the general manager of the ner , graciously exonerating the berwick stationmaster of responsibility , and confirming that guests at fallodon should not expect principal expresses to call at the private station .
after closure the station survived for quarter of a century , but by mid 1960 it had suffered ‘needless and unfortunate demolition’ ( fawcett ) . although the buildings and platforms have been removed , the public road north - west of the level crossing has a lay - by corresponding to the ‘forecourt’ of the old station building , and on the site there remains a short section of wall . a modern relay room bearing a modern ‘fallodon’ nameplate is immediately south of the level crossing .
click here for a brief history of the east coast main line in northumberland .
route maps drawn by alan young . tickets from michael stewart . poster from martin bairstow collection .
fawcett , bill grey and fallodon in north eastern express no . 140 ( nera november 1995 )
the signal box , level crossing and down platform at the private fallodon station , looking north - west c1910 . the signalman is standing proudly at the top of the steps of the brick - built signal box : many of the ner boxes on this line were constructed of stone . the n & b station building is in the background . copyright photo from john alsop collection
1867 1 : 2 , 500 os map . fallodon station is named , but with no indication that it is private . the main building on the west ( down ) platform has a forecourt only yards away from the tree - lined drive to fallodon hall ; east lodge stands at the entrance to the drive . the east ( up ) platform has a smaller waiting shed .
1897 1 : 2 , 500 os map . fallodon station is now , correctly , indicated as ‘private’ . since the earlier revision of the map , a siding has been laid south of the level crossing , on the up side , and a signal box ( not named ) has been added on the down side , again south of the crossing . the grounds of fallodon are now shown to be wooded .
1923 1 : 2 , 500 os map . little has changed since 1897 but ‘private’ has been removed from the station name even though it was still exclusively for the use of the grey family , their servants and guests .
1957 1 : 10 , 560 os map . fallodon station ceased to be used in 1934 , yet this map published 23 years later gives no indication either that it was private or that it has closed . the main building , west of the railway , is still shown , but the waiting shed is not ; the shed was never shown on os maps of this scale . some of the woodland in the grounds of fallodon hall has been cleared .
fallodon station building in 1906 , shortly before the upper - storey extension was constructed . details of the structure including the verandah , quoins , window surrounds , raised gables , ball finials and chimneystacks are shown clearly on the tudor / jacobean building constructed for the newcastle & berwick railway in 1847 . drawing by john addyman from ' north eastern express ' no . 140 , november 1995
fallodon station , looking north - west c1930 . although it was always a private station , the north eastern railway provided one of its standard running - in nameboards . the station building is unmistakably of newcastle & berwick railway origin . the sandstone ashlar structure has canted bay windows on the ground floor ; the pitched slate roofs have raised gables , with decorative ball finials placed on the apex of the gables and on the kneelers at either end of the gables ; and stately chimneystacks complete the composition . the coiled serpent bench and the oil lanterns are typical features of ner stations . the purpose of the lever beneath the nameboard is not known .
considering that fallodon station has been closed to all traffic for over 20 years , this photograph from 1958 shows it to be in a remarkably good state of repair . in this view north from the level crossing the two platforms are in place , and both the station building on the down ( left ) platform and the waiting shelter on the opposite platform have survived . the two buildings are typical of the newcastle & berwick railway station architecture , and their complementary design and location directly facing one another make for a pleasing composition . the newcastle architect benjamin green designed the fine ‘jacobethan’ - style buildings for the company’s stations , and here at fallodon the facilities were suitably dignified to cater for the exacting requirements of the grey family and their guests . in the distance , to the right of the railway , the railway cottages at brunton crossing can be seen . copyright photo from stations uk
looking north from the level crossing towards the site of the private fallodon station in september 1978 . the platforms , station building and waiting shelter were demolished early in the 1960s . the only building is a platelayers’ hut , immediately south of the site of the up platform ramp . the crossing gates were replaced with automatic half - barriers over ten years before the date of this photograph . photo by john mann
looking north from the level crossing at fallodon in may 2009 . the up ( east ) platform of the former station was between the first and second posts supporting the electric wires . nothing remains of the station today . photo by roy lambeth
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the oaks stakes preceded the epsom derby by one year , being first raced in 1779 and is consequently steeped in history and prestige as the forerunner to numerous “oaks” races around the world which are exclusively for the very best fillies .
the event is named after the oaks , an estate located to the east of epsom which was leased to the 12th earl of derby in the 18th century . he and his guests devised the race during a party at the estate in 1778 . it was first run in 1779 , one year before the introduction of the derby stakes . the inaugural winner , bridget , was owned by lord derby himself .
the oaks is the third of britain’s five classic races to be held during the season , and the second of two restricted to fillies . it can also serve as the middle leg of the fillies’ triple crown , preceded by the 1 , 000 guineas and followed by the st leger and last won by the legendary oh so sharp in 1985 .
the mile and a half test of three year old fillies around epsom downs is a major test of temperament , stamina and balance and has been won by some of the great fillies of turf history .
jockey dick goodisson won the first three renewals of the oaks on bridget in 1779 , tetotum in 1780 and faith the following year , but the most successful oaks jockey of all time hailed from the same era and was frank buckle .
in all buckle won the oaks 9 times : nike ( 1797 ) , bellissima ( 1798 ) , bellina ( 1799 ) , scotia ( 1802 ) , theophania ( 1803 ) , meteora ( 1805 ) , neva ( 1817 ) , corinne ( 1818 ) , zinc ( 1823 ) .
however his riding accomplishment could not match the training feat of robert robson who won the race now fewer than 13 times : scotia ( 1802 ) , pelisse ( 1804 ) , meteora ( 1805 ) , briseis ( 1807 ) , morel ( 1808 ) , maid of orleans ( 1809 ) , music ( 1813 ) , minuet ( 1815 ) , landscape ( 1816 ) , corinne ( 1818 ) , pastille ( 1822 ) , zinc ( 1823 ) , wings ( 1825 ) .
one of the outstanding winners of the 19th century was crucifix in 1840 , a filly who deserves to be mentioned among the all - time great fillies in history . she was unbeaten in 9 races at two and raced three times in 1840 , winning the 1 , 000 guineas , beating the colts in the 2 , 000 guineas and then landing the oaks .
it was reported that the epsom race suffered multiple false starts which delayed the race by an hour . at stud she was the dam of derby winner surplice .
another superstar from the era was formosa , who became the first to win the fillies’ triple crown and for good measure dead - heated with moslem in the 2 , 000 guineas , meaning she won four of the five classics on a remarkable season .
in 1876 camelia and enguerrande dead - heated for the oaks ; this was the second time a dead - heat had been recorded , however in 1858 , governess defeated gildermire in a run - off .
the 20th century had barely begun when the outstanding sceptre won the 1902 oaks , one of four classic triumphs that year , making her the only horse to achieve this feat outright . she may well have won the derby too but bruised a foot days beforehand and in the event ran well to finish fourth to ard patrick .
just two years later came the brilliant irish filly pretty polly , who won 15 consecutive races including the fillies’ triple crown of 1904 .
signorinetta won both the derby and oaks in 1908 . another outstanding pre - war filly was rockfel , who in 1938 landed the 1 , 000 guineas , oaks and champion stakes .
in 1918 the race was run at newmarket and won by stony ford who was subsequently disqualified for causing interference to my dear , who was awarded the race .
a year later the french - bred galatea also completed the guineas - oaks double and godiva repeated the feat in 1940 although her oaks was a wartime replacement at newmarket .
sun chariot won the fillies’ triple crown in 1942 , with the oaks once again run at newmarket because of world war ii . in the st leger this great filly defeated the derby winner watling street .
in 1945 sun stream won the last substitute oaks at newmarket , having already won the 1 , 000 guineas . musidora completed that double in 1949 and york’s high profile oaks trial to this day is run in her name .
in 1955 the exceptional meld became the fourth filly in the 20th century to win the fillies’ triple crown and two years later the queen provided lester piggott with the first of his six oaks wins when carrozza was successful .
two years later piggott’s second oaks was achieved on the brilliant grey filly petite etoile , who also accomplished the guineas - oaks double in 1957 and proved top class for another two seasons .
never too late and sweet solera ensured that the guineas - oaks double took place on three successive years and the 1960s continued to make their mark when the irish filly noblesse slaughtered her oaks rivals by 10 lengths in 1963 .
sir noel murless enjoyed a purple patch with the oaks during this era and carrozza and petite etoile were followed by lupe and altesse royale winning in 1970 and 1971 . the latter filly also won the english 1 , 000 guineas and the irish oaks . mysterious landed a fifth oaks for murless in 1973 and she too had also won the guineas .
the french filly pawneese won the oaks in 1976 and followed up with victory in the king george at ascot and a year later , in silver jubilee year , the queen’s dunfermline won the oaks before inflicting a memorable defeat on the outstanding alleged in the st leger .
the following year saw sir michael stoute win his first english classic through fair salinia and the 1980s brought further top class winners .
blue wind romped home in the 1981 oaks for trainer dermot weld and jockey lester piggott and in 1982 the brilliant race mare time charter won her first group 1 in a top class renewal . she would later win a sun chariot stakes , champion stakes , coronation cup and king george in a stellar career .
in 1983 the maiden sun princess won the oaks on soft ground , landing the race by a record margin of 12 lengths . sun princess went on to prove herself outstanding , winning the yorkshire oaks and just failing in the arc .
lester piggott’s final oaks victory came courtesy of circus plume in 1984 but during that season he had also ridden the next oaks winner .
sadly for piggott , he had been replaced as sir henry cecil’s stable jockey by steve cauthen for the 1985 season – and missed the plum ride in the classics on the chestnut filly oh so sharp . having shown devastating speed to get up in the 1 , 000 guineas from a seemingly hopeless position a furlong out , she showed guts and class on rain - softened ground to defeat top class fillies like bella colora and triptych in the oaks , before landing the fillies’ triple crown in the st leger . no colt or filly has won a triple crown since .
in 1986 midway lady became the latest dual guineas - oaks heroine for jockey ray cochrane and in 1987 unite won a sad oaks which saw her main rival scimitarra break down when challenging in the home straight .
both fillies were owned by sheikh mohamed who had become a major influence on british racing at this time , having already won the race with oh so sharp and come close before then with awaasif .
in 1988 sheikh mohamed won the race again with sir henry cecil’s tiny filly diminuendo , who duly won the irish and yorkshire oaks .