pocket gophers , commonly referred to as gophers , are burrowing rodents of the family geomyidae .

about 35 species of gophers live in central and north america .

they are commonly known for their extensive tunneling activities .

gophers are endemic to north and central america .

the name " pocket gopher " on its own may be used to refer to any of a number of genera within the family .

these are the " true " gophers , but several ground squirrels in the distantly related family sciuridae are often called gophers , as well .

the origin of the word " gopher " is uncertain .

french gaufre , meaning waffle , has been suggested , on account of the gopher 's tunnels resembling the honeycomb-like pattern of holes in a waffle .

another suggestion is that the word is of muskogean origin .

gopher

brush prairie pocket gopher , cathlamet pocket gopher , gold beach pocket gopher , goldbeach western pocket gopher , louie’s western pocket gopher , mazama pocket gopher , olympia pocket gopher , olympic mountains pocket gopher , puget sound pocket gopher , rocky prairie pocket gopher , rogue river pocket gopher , roy prairie pocket gopher , shelton pocket gopher , tacoma pocket gopher , yelm prairie pocket gopher .
( the gopher has no name , and is called just the
go gopher
. )
northern pocket gopher ( t . talpoides ) ; very widely distributed ; several subspecies including the cheyenne northern pocket gopher
be aware that poison baits should never be used around pets . pet owners should opt for a different method of gopher control , such as gopher traps or gopher repellents .
which is where the gopher gets the majority of its protein from . the gopher however , has a number of natural
of gopher are found in north america . the gopher is a small squirrel - like rodent which lives in burrows underground .
for small numbers of gophers , control can be accomplished with the use of gopher traps such as easy set gopher trap .
learn more about the gopher loyalty program , a benefits program for everyone with a gopher score , and the gopher fan advisory board , a dedicated group of individuals , who meet quarterly .
as the gopher stores the food that the gopher finds in its cheek pouches before taking the food back to the gopher burrow , where the gophers are known to collect astonishing amounts of food .
gopher broke is a short animation about a gopher who tries to steal vegetables from the back of a farmer ' s truck .
although most gopher browsers and files are text - based , gopher browsers , notably hypergopher , were developed that displayed graphic images ( gif and jpeg files ) that were included in gopher file directories . two tools for searching gopher file hierarchies were veronica and jughead .
for the open source launch in 2009 , renee suggested adapting the wfmu gopher as a mascot . and the go gopher was born :
the gopher digs large networks of tunnels and subterranean chambers which are referred to as gopher towns . these gopher towns contain an extensive network of tunnels that often result in the disruption of agriculture and landscapes .
: gopher is based on rfc 1436 ; a related protocol set called gopher + proposes various extensions to it that is also supported by many specialized gopher clients ( not this one ) . here is a
, the tunneling of the gopher creates a large amount of dirt being pushed out behind it , and this therefore creates the gopher mound .
the go gopher is a character ; a unique creation . not any old gopher , just as snoopy is not any old cartoon dog .
while large populations of some pocket gopher species can recover , the small and isolated populations of the mazama pocket gopher can be completely lost .
what does a gopher look like ? is a pocket gopher causing the damage in your lawn and garden ? those are smart questions to ask .
a typical pocket gopher can move approximately a ton of soil to the surface each year . this enormous achievement reflects the gopher’s important ecological function .
although the root directory for gopher is sometimes still accessible at the university of minnesota or elsewhere and despite some efforts to revive gopher , virtually all gopher servers are no longer active . it seems likely that almost all of the original gopher content has been made accessible on the world wide web .
the gopher towns can stretch for vast distances through mountainous terrain and often contain thousands of gopher residents . the adult gophers tend to situate themselves at the front of the gopher town and whistle to the others when the adult gophers spot potential
richardson’s ground squirrel ( figure 2 ) , commonly called the gopher , prairie gopher , yellow gopher , flickertail , or picket pin , occurs on rangeland , pastures and cropland throughout alberta , with the exception of the peace river region .
‘then a large gopher tortoise came racing down the sand path toward me . ’
( gopher - hosted , via the public proxy ) . submit your testing to
the western pocket gopher can move backwards in its tunnels almost as fast as forwards .
‘a single pocket gopher may exist within an extensive system of feeding tunnels and chambers . ’
‘however , the northernmost range of the gopher tortoise is limited to southern south carolina . ’
‘in addition , the older gopher content and other non - web files are unavailable . ’
earlier you saw a typical gopher mound . they don’t always look quite like that one .
discusting lil kritters . . kill moles / gopher in the yard . . the marine way
‘surrounding habitats with gopher tortoise burrows have likewise been lost to development and land use changes . ’
‘they will bring a gopher tortoise and an alligator - said to be auditorium - friendly . ’
gordon the gopher : “no comment ! you’ll have to speak to my agent” . photograph : allstar
this view presents the gopher as harmless looking as a hamster . their bite would be much worse ! a gopher has fur similar to a hamster . the adult gopher should be larger than a hamster . it will have a longer tail , though not as long as rats and mice .
crops should be rotated so that legumes are not seeded immediately adjacent to pastures and hayfields that are already infested with gophers . control must be started when gopher populations are at their lowest level , and gopher numbers must be maintained at near zero . in other words , one gopher is too many .
‘it spends most of the year underground , often using the burrows of the threatened gopher tortoise . ’
in the south puget sound area , many populations of mazama pocket gopher have disappeared since the 1940s .
the love boat : in this october 13 , 1979 episode entitled
gopher ' s greatest hit
gopher , played by fred grandy , impersonated bobby singing
mack the knife .
( lyrics )
if you are an adventurous gopher warrior , trapping is an extremely effective method of gopher control . trapping can be done throughout the year but generally is most effective during the spring and fall . as soon as gopher activity is detected , it is important to set traps immediately to catch females before they give birth .
here are a few gopher adaptations that people have used as mascots for user group mascots and similar organizations .
as a loyal gopher fan and supporter you have access to unique benefits as a member of the gopher loyalty program . you are able to take advantage of a menu of benefit options ranging from invitations to special gopher athletics events , discounts on purchases , engagement opportunities with coaches and student - athletes , and much more .
the gopher menu at the university of minnesota was a primary starting place for exploring the world ' s gopher information hierarchy and it may still be active ( although the servers it links to no longer are ) .
pocket gopher numbers have been shown to increase as grazing intensity increases on native fescue grassland in southern alberta . changes in gopher numbers seem to be associated with changes in the physical characteristics of the soil . this means that prolonged overgrazing may cause changes in soil condition that may favor high gopher populations for many years after overgrazing ceases .
‘in the southeastern us , organized rattlesnake hunts destroy gopher tortoise burrows and lead to the deaths of tortoises . ’
the western pocket gopher is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
about 15 years ago—long before the go project—the gopher first appeared as a promotion for the wfmu radio station in new jersey . renee french was commissioned to design a t - shirt for an annual fundraiser and out came the gopher .
‘the gopher system enabled documents to be listed in a readable , hierarchical method that was relatively easy to navigate . ’
‘think of what the world would look like today if we had standardized the gopher protocol in the early 1990s . ’
‘a gopher site was initially put into place in 1993 , and then replaced in 1994 by a web site . ’
late 18th century : perhaps from canadian french gaufre ‘honeycomb’ ( because the gopher ‘honeycombs’ the ground with its burrows ) .
gopher + and cso . also , this proxy does not allow http requests and will remap them into 302 redirects .
sweeney ' s® and victor® gopher traps safely protect lawns and gardens from gopher damage without the use of chemicals or poisons . the fully assembled traps are easy - to - set and are built - to - last for repeated use .
assessment of gopher control including habitat modification , biocontrol , repellents , baiting , fumigation , gas explosions , and trapping .
when they tunnel under vernal pools during the dry season , botta’s pocket gophers make their “gopher mounds” on the bottom of the pools . visit the pools during the spring bloom and see what species of plants prefer to grow on the gopher mounds . in what ways do you think the gopher mounds and the pool bottom offer different conditions for plants to grow ?
another bell labs activity led to renee creating glenda , the plan 9 mascot , a distant cousin of the wfmu gopher .
‘first , it is likely that the bag fragment was carried underground by a squirrel , gopher or other burrowing rodent . ’
if you watch a gopher digging out a tunnel , he will often poke his head out slightly and check for danger before he will exit the safety of the hole . when he is ready the gopher will dart in and out very quickly .
damage - resistant plant varieties . tests of several provenances of ponderosa pine showed that some have natural resistance to gopher damage .
but a gopher that encounters danger when he is above ground will face any threat . it doesn’t matter if it is a human , a cat , dog or even a large bird like a heron . the gopher will meet any challenger head on .
if you are patient , you may be able to watch a pocket gopher feed above ground , or see their food being taken underground . the mazama pocket gopher spends the most amount of time above ground , generally at night and on overcast days .
‘the eastern indigo snake , which is on the federal list of threatened species , and the gopher tortoise also live here . ’
‘the goal is to conserve gopher tortoises by managing a conservation site of relocated tortoises and residents as a single viable population . ’
at the bottom of this gopher picture , you can see one of the long claws that make him such an effective digger .
types and brands of gopher traps include ( clockwise from upper right ) victor black box , macabee , gophinator , and cinch .
a deep snowpack can result in high gopher mortality . if the snow melts rapidly it saturates the ground and floods the burrows .
howard , w . e . 1961 . a pocket gopher population crash . j . mammal . 42 : 258 - 260 .
poison gopher baits provide homeowners with an effective and easy way to get rid of gophers . sweeney ' s® poison peanut pellets , in particular , are formulated to be enticing to gophers . when consumed , the poison pellets work quickly to kill the gopher .
source / reference article learn how you can use or cite the gopher article in your website content , school work and other projects .
‘curious about the burrows she saw on a trail ride , dawn investigated the habitat of a florida neighbor - the gopher tortoise . ’
‘dark brown and between seven and 15 inches long , the gopher tortoise is found in alabama , louisiana , mississippi and florida . ’
the animal , which looks a bit like a large gopher or a giant hamster , lives in a wildlife park in southeastern australia .
most standard gopher - internal types and representations , indexed search server support , caps properties , and both light and full proxy views .
occasionally has discussions relevant to gopherspace . many gopher wranglers and gophermasters ( depending on your preference ) also read a mailing list maintained at
the western pocket gopher can close its lips behind its front teeth , preventing soil from entering the mouth when it digs its burrows .
the following photo series will answer not only the question “what does a gopher look like ? ” , but also show gopher holes and mounds . this combination should help you to make a confident decision on what you are dealing with and what to do about it .
this gopher has created a mound of dirt in the classic shape for a pocket gopher . he has pushed the dirt out of the exit tunnel so that it surrounds about three - fourths of the hole . he simply keeps pushing it out and over the top .
the botta’s pocket gopher is an herbivore . it eats roots , stems and bulbs of plants such as white hyacinth , vernal pool brodiaea and field cluster lily . the gopher can eat without leaving the safety of its underground burrow . it simply pulls its food into the tunnel through the roof ! the botta’s pocket gopher rarely appears above ground during the day . when it does , a red - tailed hawk , great blue heron or great egret could eat it . it can avoid most of its predators by leaving the burrow only at night . however , coyotes and the great horned owl are nocturnal ( active at night ) and welcome a meal of botta’s pocket gopher . night or day , a california king snake or gopher snake can crawl into a gopher burrow and eat both adults and young .
because no population will increase indefinitely , one alternative to a gopher problem is to do nothing , letting the population limit itself . experience has shown , however , that by the time gopher populations level off naturally , they’ve already caused much damage around homes and gardens .
many mammals , large birds , and snakes eat gophers and depend on their activities to create suitable living conditions . salamanders , toads , and other creatures seeking cool , moist conditions take refuge in unoccupied gopher burrows . lizards use abandoned gopher burrows for quick escape cover .
gassing gopher tunnels can work well if you know where the active tunnels are established and the tunnels and mounds are not under structures .
mazama pocket gopher ( t . mazama ) ; several subspecies including the western , gold beach , olympic , and tacoma pocket gophers .
two species of pocket gophers occur in washington : the northern pocket gopher ( thomomys talpoides ) is the smallest and most widespread , occupying much of eastern washington . adults of this species measure 8 inches in length , including their 2 - inch tail . the mazama ( western ) pocket gopher ( thomomys mazama ) is the only pocket gopher in most of western washington—in the olympic peninsula and the southern puget sound area . adults measure 8 inches in length , including their 2½ - inch tail ( see “ mazama pocket gopher conservation ” ) .
as in other pocket gophers in the genus thomomys , the male western pocket gopher is likely to be significantly larger than the female ( 4 ) . up to 15 subspecies of western pocket gopher have been described , although their taxonomy is currently under study ( 8 ) .
the southeastern pocket gopher searches for food by digging shallow burrows . roots , tubers , stems , and other plant materials that are encountered are stored temporarily in cheek pouches . once the pouches are full , the gopher empties their contents into chambers excavated especially for food storage . a gopher burrow system also contains chambers which are used as latrines and in the deepest part of the burrow , a grass - lined nest chamber . the pocket gopher is easily detected by the presence of numerous mounds of soil which have been excavated from the burrow system . the southeastern pocket gopher is found in upland areas of dry , sandy soil or well drained , fine - grained gravely soils , where burrows can be easily dug . predators of the pocket gopher include snakes , weasels , the bobcat , the coyote , hawks , and owls .
check traps often and reset when necessary . if you haven’t captured a gopher within 2 days , reset the traps in a different location .
the pocket gopher’s short fur is a rich brown or yellowish brown , but also may be grayish or closely resemble the local soil color .
the nest chamber is located in the pocket gopher’s burrow system , is about 10 inches in diameter , and is lined with dried vegetation .
by following the directions of the gopher killer products , and having patience , you can successfully gain control of the gophers in your lawn .
‘captive animals have been known to spread pathogens to wild populations when released - it happened to gopher tortoises in the southwest a while back . ’
what made you want to look up gopher ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
gopher is a well - known information access protocol that predates the world wide web , developed at the university of minnesota during the early 1990s .
the lips of a gopher are adapted to close behind his four incisors , preventing dirt from entering his mouth while using his teeth to dig .
vaughan , t . a . 1962 . reproduction in the plains pocket gopher in colorado . j . mammal . 43 : 1 - 13 .
gophers can create up to 70 mounds per month in ideal soil . gopher tunnels are larger in diameter and deeper than those of moles but are much less extensive . and , unlike mole tunnels , gopher tunnels are usually not visible on the ground surface due to their deeper location . another symptom of a gopher infestation is to observe damage to roots , tree bark , seeds , bulbs and other plant parts in yards or farms .
all about gophers – learn how to spot a gopher , identify the damage they cause and how you can stop these lawn - wrecking pests .
: the proxy supports
caps ,
short for capability lists , a file you can place on a gopher server to tell a client about what specific capabilities it has and how to understand its filesystem . not every gopher server has this file installed ; because many older gopher servers may use alien non - posix paths , the proxy makes no assumptions without it . if you want to add this support to your server , simply copy
tunnel exits made by a pocket gopher are marked by a 1 - to 3 inch circle of disturbed soil , or a circular depression , called a “soil plug . ” soil plugs occur where a gopher emerged to forage or deposit soil , and then plugged up the hole on reentry . plugs are found at mounds or along the course of the burrow system . vegetation may be clipped around the soil plugs where a gopher was foraging .
predators alone won’t keep a gopher population below the levels that cause problems in gardens and landscaped areas . before removing every gopher , they will move on to hunt at more profitable locations . however , when combined with the other control techniques described here , natural control can contribute to overall control .
, including source where available , including macintosh , various unix and unices , and microsoft windows ( gopher - hosted , via the public proxy ) .
the ears of the western pocket gopher are relatively large in comparison to other pocket gophers ( 3 ) , and there is a large patch of black fur below each ear ( 3 ) ( 7 ) . the size of this black fur patch can help to distinguish the western pocket gopher from the similar - looking northern or vancouver pocket gopher ( thomomys talpoides ) , in which it is smaller and less obvious ( 6 ) ( 7 ) .
from about 1992 through 1996 , gopher was an internet application in which hierarchically - organized text files could be brought from servers all over the world to a viewer on your computer . especially in universities , gopher was a step toward the world wide web ' s hypertext transfer protocol ( http ) , which effectively replaced it within a short time . with hypertext links , the hypertext markup language ( html ) , and the arrival of a graphical browser , mosaic , the web quickly transcended gopher . gopher was developed at the university of minnesota , whose sports teams are called
the golden gophers .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - western pocket gopher ( thomomys mazama )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - western pocket gopher ( thomomys mazama )
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arkive species - western pocket gopher ( thomomys mazama )
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‘through the efforts at collier ' s reserve , there are now 200 identified species of birds on site and a growing population of rare gopher tortoises . ’
( all versions ) , icab ( all versions ) , or netscape 5 ( inclusive ) to before v6 . 2 . 3 . support for gopher is
in mountainous areas , snowmelt and rainfall are temporarily held in gopher burrows instead of running over the surface , where they are likely to cause soil erosion .
miller , m . a . 1957 . burrows of the sacramento valley pocket gopher in flood - irrigated alfalfa fields . hilgardia 26 : 431 - 452 .
the subspecies brush prairie pocket gopher and the mazama ( western ) pocket gopher are in decline and are , or soon will be , of conservation concern ( see “ legal status ” and “ mazama pocket gopher conservation ” ) . the presence of one of these species in an area where you plan to take action—chemical , nonchemical , mechanical , or otherwise—could preclude use of this action . before moving forward with any type of control , contact your local fish and wildlife office .
the presence of a gopher can be determined by the mound of dirt that can be seen on the surface of the ground . in a similar way to the
the gopher fan advisory board is comprised of 25 - 30 individuals tasked with providing feedback , discussing opportunities and challenges for the department and collaborating on new ideas .
the southeastern pocket gopher has a very limited distribution . it is found only on the coastal plains of georgia , alabama , and the northern half of florida .
on the other hand , gophers eat plants , and their tunnels are rarely visible . gopher mounds are fan - shaped with a hole off to one side .
there has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of pocket gopher should be recognized as full species , and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive .
luckily for the gopher diorama builder , gophers appear to be the correct scale for many doll house props . good thing it’s not a marmot or badger museum .
even though the hole is open at ground level , there is probably a plug further down , if the gopher is not actually conducting his little forays for forage . gophers will not leave a tunnel open for any length of time , to deter predators . hopefully this answers your question on what does a gopher look like .
conservation : botta’s pocket gopher cannot live where soils have been paved over or are plowed up every year . the quality of its habitat is also decreasing because of yellow star - thistle , an invasive plant species from asia . the yellow star - thistle is crowding out the native plant species that the gopher needs for food .
‘that ' s the case in the national wildlife refuge , where restoring the native longleaf pine and wiregrass community should provide a springboard for the unusual gopher tortoise . ’
finally , the 67 - year - old found his way into the clubhouse and out of the heat , like the gopher from caddyshack sneaking back into his hole .
in winter , the western pocket gopher tunnels through snow and lines the tunnels with soil . when the snow melts , trails of soil are left on the ground .
figure 4 . raised beds can be protected from gopher damage by screening the bottom side with ½ - inch mesh hardware cloth . ( drawing by jenifer rees . )
if you ' re wondering how to keep gophers away without killing them , you can easily and safely do so with granular , spray and sonic gopher control repellents .
the best time to start pocket gopher control on legume fields and pastures is two to three years before seeding , when fields are in cereals or other annual crops and when gopher populations are low . this approach requires long - term planning with the objective of removing all gophers that might re - infest newly - seeded legume fields .
the main drawback to grain baits is their high susceptibility to decomposition in the damp burrows . a new product that contains a grain mixture plus the anticoagulant , diphacinone , in a paraffin block not only increases the bait’s effective life , but also makes it possible for more than one gopher to be killed with the same bait . once the resident gopher ingests the toxicant and dies , it is typical for a neighboring gopher to take over the tunnel system and thus to ingest the still - toxic bait .
placing the gopher bait in the right location is the key to success . to locate an active tunnel , make one - inch holes in the roof of a tunnel and mark the openings with a stake . re - visit the holes in 24 hours . tunnels that have been repaired are an indicator of gopher activity . after identifying an active tunnel , brush away soil and place the bait inside the tunnel . re - cover the hole with dirt and wait for the gopher to take the bait .
some predator odors have been tested as gopher repellents and show some promise . commercially available sonic devises are claimed to repel pocket gophers . there is , however , no scientific supporting evidence . the plants known as caper spurge , gopher purge , or mole plant ( euphorbia lathyrus ) and the castor - oil plant ( ricinus communis ) have been promoted as gopher repellents , but there is no evidence of their effectiveness . in addition , these are not recommended as they are both poisonous to humans and pets .
‘this disease has been a major factor in the decline of the threatened mojave population of the desert tortoise and could threaten the survival of the gopher tortoise , too . ’
nashawaty reveals how harold ramis and his team convinced studio executives to invest in the movie , as well as how a pesky gopher puppet somehow managed to save the day .
to find burrows , first locate areas of recent gopher activity based on fresh mounds of dark , moist soil . fresh mounds that are visible aboveground are the plugged openings of lateral tunnels . you can find the main burrow by probing about 8 to 12 inches from the plug side of the mound ; it usually is located 6 to 12 inches deep . when the probe penetrates the gopher’s burrow , there will be a sudden , noticeable drop of about 2 inches . you might have to probe repeatedly to locate the gopher’s main burrow , but your skill will improve with experience . because the gopher might not revisit lateral tunnels , trapping and baiting them is not as successful as in the main burrow .
‘what most people call gophers are either 13 - lined ground squirrels , spermophilus tridecemlineatus , or a richardsons ground squirrel , spermophilus richardsonii , and not a true pocket gopher . ’
‘the gopher tortoise is a large turtle that lives in deep burrows , often up to 25 feet in length , in upland habitats usually dominated by stands of longleaf pines . ’
figure 2 . lateral views the skull of a pocket gopher ( a ) and a mole ( b ) show the differences in their teeth . a pocket gopher’s teeth are adapted for gnawing on plant material , and a mole’s long jaws and multiple teeth are adapted for consuming small insects . ( from verts and carraway , land mammals of oregon . )
marsh , r . e . 1992 . reflections on current ( 1992 ) pocket gopher control in california . proc . vertebr . pest conf . 15 : 289 - 295 .
traps are most effective in early spring when gopher populations are at their lowest level and mounds are more conspicuous . however , traps can be used in late summer and fall , after forage has been removed and the gophers are building mounds . traps are set in the burrows . a method for locating gopher burrows was described in the hand baiting section .
and then there’s the gopher hole museum : a tiny clapboard house with a small dark room stacked with glass‑fronted cases . in each case is a scene featuring a number of carefully posed , well‑dressed gophers . they are in little stage sets of homes , schools , fire stations , businesses , farms , campgrounds—complete with gopher - sized props and gopher‑sized furniture . they reflect the lifestyle , activities and history of the region . some dioramas are also sponsored and feature scenes reflecting the sponsors’ business—perhaps the most bizarre advertising medium ever put into practice .
two long , fur - lined cheek pouches open on the outside of the western pocket gopher’s mouth . used to transport food , they can be turned inside out to be cleaned .
connolly , r . a . , and r . e . landstrom . 1969 . gopher damage to buried cable materials . mater . res . standards 9 : 13 - 18 .
trapping is a safe and effective method for controlling pocket gophers . several types and brands of gopher traps are available . the most common type is a two - pronged , pincher trap such as the macabee , cinch , or gophinator , which the gopher triggers when it pushes against a flat , vertical pan . another popular type is the choker - style box trap .
the go gopher is an iconic mascot and one of the most distinctive features of the go project . in this post we ' ll talk about its origins , evolution , and behavior .
‘pocket gophers , gopher tortoises , ants , badgers , prairie dogs , wild pigs , and grizzly bears are just a few of the animals that can alter ecological structure and function . ’
in this final gopher picture , you see that he has the long claws for digging on all feet , though the front claws are longer and heavier for doing most of the work .
the main tunnel he is excavating would not be under the mound . it would be behind him ( to the left of the picture ) , as his exit tunnel would angle down to meet the main runway . when you can locate the plug in a finished gopher mound , it will be off to the flat side of the mound , where you now see the gopher .
around the same time , renee roughed out a gopher in clay . this inspired a refined sculpture that became a vinyl figurine made by kidrobot . the vinyls were first distributed at oscon 2011 .
‘the gopher tortoise is particularly important because its burrows , sometimes as long as thirty feet , serve as homes for several of the rare species as well as many other more common organisms . ’
as a pocket gopher tunnels , it loosens soil with its front legs . when digging becomes difficult , it bites off chunks of earth or roots with its incisors . the gopher then somersaults to turn around and push the loose earth and other debris to the surface bulldozer style , with its front feet and head . the excavated material is pushed out of the exit tunnel to the front , right and left , creating a fan - shaped or heart - shaped mound ( fig . 3 ) . ( see table 1 for a comparison of pocket gopher and mole mounds . )
andersen , d . c . 1978 . observations on reproduction , growth , and behavior of the northern pocket gopher ( thomomys talpoides ) . j . mammal . 59 : 418 - 422 .
description : botta’s pocket gopher is tan to medium brown and often the color of the local soil . the gopher uses its short , powerful front legs and neck to “swim” through soil and push it away . its short tail is partly covered in short , coarse fur . it fills its fur - lined cheek pouches with food to carry it into storage chambers in its underground burrow system .
the gopher images are creative commons attribution 3 . 0 licensed . that means you can play with the images but you must give credit to their creator ( renee french ) wherever they are used .
flood irrigation . irrigating fields by flooding can greatly reduce habitat suitability for pocket gophers . water can fill a gopher’s tunnel , thus causing the occupant to drown or flee to the surface , making it vulnerable to predation . the soil may be so damp that it becomes sticky . this will foul the pocket gopher’s fur and claws . as the soil becomes saturated with water , the diffusion of gases into and out of the gopher’s burrow is inhibited , creating an inhospitable environment . the effectiveness of this method can be enhanced by removing high spots in fields that may serve as refuges during irrigation .
myers , g . t . , and t . a . vaughan . 1964 . food habits of the plains pocket gopher in eastern colorado . j . mammal . 45 : 588 - 598 .
don ' t plug the hole ; the air and light will alert the gopher to a breach in the system , and they will try to re - plug the entrance , encountering the trap .
calculating the cost of control operations is only slightly more complicated . however , the benefit - cost analysis of control is still not straightforward . more research data are needed on managing the recovery of forage productivity . for example , should range be fertilized , rested , or lightly grazed ? should gopher mounds on alfalfa be lightly harrowed ? a study of northern pocket gopher control on range production in southern alberta indicated that forage yields increased 16 % , 3 months after treatment . the potential for complete yield recovery the first year following gopher removal has been noted for a fibrous - rooted variety of alfalfa .
in some areas , the name gopher is applied to a variety of mammal species including ground squirrels and moles . true pocket gophers are burrowing rodents that get their name from their fur - lined cheek pouches , or pockets . these pockets are used , like a squirrel’s , for carrying food . however , the pockets on a gopher open on the outside and turn inside out for emptying and cleaning .
after 32 years of restoration , the conservatory has restored healthy populations of wild turkey , bobwhite quail , bachman’s sparrow , florida pine snake and the gopher tortoise , as well as the elusive florida firefly .
develops plugins and standalone clients for many mobile and desktop operating systems and environments . there are also many clients available for legacy systems which additionally support niches such as gopher + . here is a selection of
the head and shoulders of the western pocket gopher are heavily muscled , and the body tapers towards relatively narrow hips ( 2 ) ( 4 ) ( 6 ) , which are an advantage for moving through burrows ( 6 ) . the western pocket gopher has small ears and eyes and fairly poor vision , but its short , almost naked tail is highly sensitive to touch ( 4 ) ( 5 ) .
foster , m . a . , and j . stubbendieck . 1980 . effects of the plains pocket gopher ( geomys bursarius ) on rangelands . j . range manage . 33 : 74 - 78 .
gophers are extremely well adapted and built for an underground existence . the gopher lives most of its life beneath the surface where it digs a burrow system . a gopher can create large , horseshoe - shaped mounds that may cause damage to passing farm equipment . additionally , its tunnels often interfere with irrigation systems , dams , fields , and homeowners ' gardens . gopher underground burrows can be very deep , up to several feet , and several hundred feet in length . as gophers dig burrows , pushing the soil to the surface , they leave a mound , usually in a fan shaped . moles leave a conical shape .
gordon the gopher , the 80s children’s tv puppet known for his irritating squeak and lively fashion choices , is to return to the bbc in a new web - only comedy pilot , according to the sun .
this gopher photo shows the little rascal that many people find cute - when they aren’t thinking about the damage he causes . the beady little eyes should give him away - this guy carries on criminal activities !
figure 3 . the side view of a portion of a pocket gopher’s burrow system showing the mound , the short , sloping lateral tunnel , and the deeper main tunnel . ( drawing by jenifer rees . )
and extend from the face to the shoulders ; they can be everted for cleaning . the lips can be closed behind the protruding , chisel - like upper front teeth , which thereby allows the gopher to excavate
( not to mention lightweight and efficient ) information distribution protocol , the public proxy offers a standards - based , effective gopher < - > http gateway to facilitate access even when your web browser doesn ' t .
. note that mozilla - based browsers are limited to port 70 . this proxy allows access on other non - malicious port numbers , so you may still need this proxy for gopher servers hosted on unusual ports .
stinson , d . w . ( 2005 ) washington state status report for the mazama pocket gopher , streaked horned lark , and taylor’s checkerspot . washington department of fish and wildlife , olypmia . available at : urltoken
a full - text search server is a special - purpose server that knows about the gopher scheme for retrieving documents . these servers maintain a full - text index of the contents of plain text documents on gopher servers in some specified domain . a gopher full - text search server was implemented using several nextstations because it was easy to take advantage of the full - text index / search engine built into the next system software . a search server for generic unix systems based on the public domain wais search engine , is also available and currently an optional part of the unix gopher server . in addition , at least one implementation of the gopher server incorperates a gateway to wais servers by presenting the wais servers to gopherspace as full - text search servers . the gopher < - > wais gateway servers does the work of translating from gopher protocol to wais so unmodified gopher clients can access wais servers via the gateway server . by using several index servers ( rather than a monolithic index server ) indexes may be searched in parallel ( although the client software is not aware of this ) . while maintaining full - text indexes of documents distributed over many machines may seem a daunting task , the task can be broken into smaller pieces ( update only a portion of the indexes , search several partial indexes in parallel ) so that it is manageable . by spreading this task over several small , cheap ( and fast ) workstations it is possible to take advantage of fine - grain parallelism . again , the client software is not aware of this . client software only needs to know that it can send a search string to an index server and will receive a list of documents that contain the words in the search string .
the gopher therefore exists in many forms , but has always been renee ' s creation . it stands for the go project and go programmers everywhere , and is one of the most popular things in the go world .
his whiskers are obvious , and they function just like with other animals . a gopher is alert to changes in his tunnel . if a human or animal predator widens the tunnel , his whiskers will sense the difference .
reducing gopher food sources using either chemical or mechanical methods can decrease the attractiveness of lawns and gardens to gophers . if feasible , remove weedy areas adjacent to yards and gardens to create a buffer strip of unsuitable habitat .
reichman , o . j . , t . g . whitham , and g . a . ruffner . 1982 . adaptive geometry of burrow spacing in two pocket gopher populations . ecology . 63 : 687 - 695 .
if your next question is what to do about gophers , take a look at a series of articles that will help you accomplish the task of gopher control . the first topic is : how to get rid of gophers .
no other member of the pocket gopher family occurs in georgia . moles are also burrowers , but they can be distinguished from pocket gophers by their smaller size , tiny eyes , and the lack of large obvious gnawing teeth .
natural control : a long - term way to help prevent conflicts is a combination of natural and active control . predators—including snakes , dogs , coyotes , long - tailed weasels , and skunks—kill gophers . in addition , attracting barn owls and other raptors , which prey on young gophers when they disperse , may help control a gopher population , particularly in rural areas . encouraging these species , or not discouraging them , may help control the gopher population .
downhower , j . f . , and e . r . hall . 1966 . the pocket gopher in kansas . univ . kansas museum nat . hist . , misc . publ . no . 44 . 32 pp .
check the traps once or twice a day . when used correctly , traps can produce a catch within 48 hours . move the traps to another location in the runway if a gopher is not caught within this time frame .
damage caused by gophers is often confused with that of moles , but the difference is indicated by their soil mounds and tunnel visibility . while gopher mounds are crescent - shaped , mole hills are more symmetrical and cone - shaped .
although gophers have poor hearing and eyesight , they have a highly - developed sense of touch , on which they rely heavily for survival . abundant whiskers and a sensitive tail helps a gopher feel out his surroundings at all times .
luce , d . g . , r . m . case , and j . stubbendieck . 1980 . food habits of the plains pocket gopher on western nebraska rangelands . j . range manage . 33 : 129 - 131 .
sudaman , p . d . , j . c . burns , and j . r . choate . 1986 . gestation and postnatal development of the plains pocket gopher . texas j . sci . 38 : 91 - 94 .
strychnine alkaloid and zinc phosphide are registered for pocket gopher control in alberta . strychnine is probably more effective than zinc phosphide . toxicants are usually applied to grain baits , which become less effective after vegetation becomes green in the spring .
these example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word ' gopher . ' views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of merriam - webster or its editors . send us feedback .
the western pocket gopher occurs in a number of protected areas ( 1 ) , including the olympic national park in washington , where the entire population of the subspecies thomomys mazama melanops occurs ( 6 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) .
laycock , w . a . , and b . z . richardson . 1975 . long - term effects of pocket gopher control on vegetation and soils of a subalpine grassland . j . range manage . 28 : 458 - 462 .
an inquisitive gopher checks out this gopro , allowing for a very close look at his adorable face ! check out how friendly he is ! source & embed code : urltoken . for licensing , please email licensing @ rumble . com .
successful trapping or baiting depends on accurately locating the gopher’s main burrow . to locate the burrow , you need to use a gopher probe . probes are commercially available , or you can construct one from a pipe and metal rod . probes made from dowels or sticks work in soft soil but are difficult to use in hard or dry soils . an enlarged tip that is wider than the shaft of the probe is an important design feature that increases the ease of locating burrows .
‘thus , mima mounds , an often debated feature of prairie grasslands , are sometimes created by gopher burrowing ; and many organisms dwelling on rocky coasts create their own micro - landforms in the form of burrows in which they then live . ’
the small size and isolation of many western pocket gopher populations put them at increased risk of local extinction . as patches of habitat are increasingly hemmed in by roads and suburbs , this species is also increasingly unable to disperse ( 6 ) .
pocket gophers are found only in the western hemisphere . they range from panama in the south to alberta in the north . with the exception of the southeastern pocket gopher , they occur throughout the western two - thirds of the united states .
marsh , r . e . , and m . w . cummings . 1977 . pocket gopher control with mechanical bait applicator . coop . ext . , div . agric . sci . , univ . california leaflet 2699 . 7 pp .
a detailed bnf rendering of the internet gopher syntax is available in the appendix . . . but a close reading of the appendix may not be necessary to understand the internet gopher protocol . in essence , the gopher protocol consists of a client connecting to a server and sending the server a selector ( a line of text , which may be empty ) via a tcp connection . the server responds with a block of text terminated with a period on a line by itself , and closes the connection . no state is retained by the server between transactions with a client . the simple nature of the protocol stems from the need to implement servers and clients for the slow , smaller desktop computers ( 1 mb macs and dos machines ) , quickly , and efficiently . below is a simple example of a client / server interaction ; more complex interactions are dealt with later . assume that a
well - known
gopher server ( this may be duplicated , details are discussed
pocket gopher tunnels are 1¾ to 3½ inches in diameter , depending on the size of the gopher digging the tunnel . tunnels occur 4 to 12 inches below ground , whereas the nest and food storage chamber may be as deep as 6 feet . tunnels tend to be deeper in drier soils . short , sloping , lateral tunnels connect the main tunnel system to the surface and are created for pushing dirt to the surface and access to foraging on the surface ( fig . 3 ) .
perhaps the best way to get a gopher is to catch one in the wild at a go conference . there are two big chances this year : gophercon ( denver , april 24 - 26 ) and dotgo ( paris , october 10 ) .
‘i spent quite a while exploring gopher servers in my first couple of years online , before it became clear that the world wide web was so much better at presenting the same sort of information in a format non - techies could grasp . ’


neocoenyra pinheyi is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found in northern and south-central tanzania .

the habitat consists of open thorn-bush country at altitudes between 1,200 and 1,600 meters .

neocoenyra pinheyi

neocoenyra butler , [ 1886 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1885 ( 4 ) : 758 ; ts : neocoenyra duplex butler
neocoenyra is an afrotropical butterfly genus from the subfamily satyrinae in the family nymphalidae .
neocoenyra ypthimoides butler , 1894 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1893 : 643 ; tl : zomba
neocoenyra cooksoni ; [ bafr ] , 201 ; [ bow ] : pl . 117 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
neocoenyra duplex butler , [ 1886 ] ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1885 ( 4 ) : 758 ; tl : somalia
neocoenyra masaica ; [ bafr ] , 201 ; [ bk ] : 280 , pl . 30 , f . 446 ; [ afrl ]
neocoenyra duplex ; [ bow ] : pl . 118 , f . 25 ; [ bafr ] , 200 ; [ bk ] : 279 , pl . 30 , f . 444 ; [ afrl ]
neocoenyra gregorii ; [ bow ] : pl . 118 , f . 9 ; [ bafr ] , 200 ; [ bk ] : 279 , pl . 30 , f . 445 ; [ afrl ]
© 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .
somalia , s . ethiopia - kenya , n . tanzania , rwanda , e . zaire . see [ maps ]
zambia , malawi , s . tanzania , w . tanzania , s . zaire ? . see [ maps ]
zambia , malawi , e . zaire , uganda , tanzania , kenya . see [ maps ]
ne . tanzania ( usambara mts . ) , malawi ? . see [ maps ]
s . zaire ( shaba ) , e . angola , n . zambia . see [ maps ]
s . tanzania ( e of l . malawi ) . see [ maps ]
checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
on two collection of lepidoptera sent by h . h . johnston , esq . , c . b . , from british central africa
list of lepidoptera collected in somali land , east africa , by mr . william astor chanler and lieutenant von hoehnel
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
popular : trivia , history , america , television , tv , usa , world , geography , . . . more
relevant literature : archer , et al . , 1991 butterfly checklists for protected areas : jozani forest , zanzibar ( archer , et al . , 1991 ) kigogo forest ( lovett & congdon , 1989b ) lake manyara national park ( cordeiro , 1990 ) madenge forest ( lovett & congdon , 1989a ) mkomazi game reserve ( van noort , et al . , 1999 and 2000 ) ngorongoro conservation area 1 ( kielland , 1980 ) njombe highlands ( haldane , 1956 ) serengeti national park ( klein’s camp ) ( mkenda , 2000 ) ukaguru mountains ( evans , et al . , 1992 ) usambara mountains ( evans , et al . , 1992 ) protected areas :
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .


the black honey buzzard ( henicopernis infuscatus ) , also called the new britain honey buzzard , is a species of bird of prey in the family accipitridae .

it is endemic to the island of new britain in papua new guinea .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

black honey buzzard

information on the black honey buzzard is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
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debus , s . , kirwan , g . m . & christie , d . a . ( 2018 ) . black honey - buzzard ( henicopernis infuscatus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
50 cm . large , heavily barred , forest raptor . almost black with conspicuous white bands on flight and tail feathers . usually seen in flight when long tail and long wings with bulging secondaries and broad wing - tips are distinctive .
any of the following species : white - fronted goose , garganey [ female ] , scaup [ both sexes : to eliminate similar aythya - type hybrids ] , slavonian grebe , black - necked grebe , shag , red kite , marsh harrier , goshawk ( away from known localities ) , mediterranean gull , yellow - legged gull , caspian gull , iceland gull , glaucous gull , little tern , water pipit , rock pipit , black redstart ( female / immature ) , lapland bunting and snow bunting .
english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
derhé , m . , dutson , g . , mahood , s . , o ' brien , a . & stattersfield , a .
this species is considered vulnerable on the basis of a small estimated population which is suspected to have declined rapidly through rapid lowland forest loss , driven partly by development of oil palm plantations . however , rates of forest loss and degradation have slowed in recent years .
1999 ) . however , it is an inconspicuous forest species which is probably widespread and is likely to be under - recorded ( dutson 2011 ) .
in prep . ) . this is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size , and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated extent of occurrence is likely to be occupied . this equates to about 6 , 000 - 15 , 000 mature individuals .
( 2008 ) calculated the rate of forest loss within the species ' s range on new britain as about 19 % over three generations ( 30 years ) . less detailed analysis is available for later years but about 2 . 2 % of forest was lost plus 5 . 2 % degraded across new britain between 2002 and 2014 ( bryan and shearman 2015 ) . it is inferred that forest loss and degradation has slowed and the species’s rate of decline is now estimated at 10 - 19 % over over three generations ( 30 years ) .
it is usually recorded gliding over primary hill forest to a maximum of 1 , 300 m ( k . d . bishop
which hunts above or within the canopy for arthropods , lizards , birds and birds ' eggs ( coates 1985 ) .
2008 ) . however , much of this species ' s habitat is on steep slopes and montane forest which is not suitable for logging ( clay 1994 , g . dutson pers . obs . 1997 - 1998 ) and conversion to oil palm plantations has slowed as few remaining areas suitable for new plantations . forest is also being slowly degraded and lost to subsistence gardens by the growing local population . these striking birds are likely to be shot opportunistically as trophies and for meat ( k . d . bishop
determine best survey techniques . survey status in logged forest . employ local hunters to find nests for intensive observation . assess levels of hunting through interviewing local hunters . map remaining forest and logging concessions across new britain . lobby for a moratorium on forest clearance for oil - palm plantations . encourage creation of community - run sustainable logging rather than commercial logging . work with local land - owners to encourage creation of large wildlife management areas on new britain .
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closely related to h . longicauda , of which it has been considered a race ; now accorded full species rank in recognition of its distinct plumage . monotypic .
48–52 cm ; no data on body mass ; wingspan 110–115 cm . largish kite - like raptor with pale throat , small head , long , broad and banded wings ( which extend halfway . . .
a piped series of c . 12 accelerating , upslurred notes has been described .
primary and partly disturbed lowland and hill tropical rainforest . found to c . 1600 m , principally . . .
lizards and spiders found in stomachs of specimens ; no field observations of feeding . seen soaring over forest and gliding just above tree . . .
no information available . presumably sedentary , as inferred from isolation , morphology , and lack of . . .
vulnerable . cites ii . has small estimated population suspected to be declining rapidly owing to widespread loss of lowland forest . according to birdlife international , only c . . .
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traditionally considered close to pernis , although one molecular study suggested that it is rather distantly related to that genus # r . now considered part of an endemic australasian clade which also includes hamirostra and lophoictinia ( see above , hamirostra ) .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : henicopernis infuscatus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
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howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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 hrc description species ( with effect from 1st january 2017 ) any record of the following species in the highland recording area requires a formal description using this form .
the appearance of records on the sbsg web site does not guarantee the accuracy of records , nor their addition to the sbsg data - base or subsequent publication in the annual
birds in the sheffield area
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submitters of species records requiring full descriptions to enable assessment at the appropriate [ local / county / national ] level will be contacted by a member of the recording committee . such records will also be displayed in
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any county rarity as defined by the yorkshire naturalists ' union ( ynu ) or the derbyshire ornithological society ( dos ) .
records of any of these species will be assessed by the relevant body . descriptions should be submitted to the sbsg recorder who will forward it to the bbrc or appropriate county committee . this should be done using the online description form ( see right ) . if you are unable to use this feature , a paper form will be provided by the group on request . descriptions are required for all species on the list without exception . records with no description or which are rejected by the relevant county records committee will not be published by the sbsg .
certain subspecies separable in the field . e . g . greenland wheatear , white wagtail , yellow wagtail ( excluding flavissima ) .
the sbsg records sub - committee still reserves the right to ask for full details of any species recorded in the area and not covered by the above guidelines .
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the following list of county rarities requires a description and / or photographic evidence to secure the acceptance needed from the ynurc for publication within the yorkshire bird report .
in addition , the birds section reserves the right not to publish records of scarce birds which cannot be attributed to a named observer and are unsupported by photographic evidence .
the ynurc will require descriptions to support records of difficult to determine races , particularly those whose taxonomic status is under review . many of these are now considered by bbrc and descriptions will be forwarded where required . a full list of species and races considered by bbrc can be found here : urltoken
the ynurc is also willing to assist in adjudicating any records for local groups and societies .
© yorkshire naturalists ' union , registered charity no : 224018 , registered office : yorkshire naturalists union , c / o neyedc , 10a minster gates , york , yo1 7hl .
all records of such rarities in norfolk should be submitted to the county recorder as soon as possible after the sighting . all rarer species are dealt with by the british birds rarities committee ( bbrc ) . see the bbrc website for the list of species considered and for submission guidelines . please note that all submissions to bbrc should be sent via the county recorder .


camponotus daitoensis ( ダイトウオオアリ daitō ōari ) is a species of carpenter ant , endemic to the daitō islands , japan .

the species make nests in trees .

camponotus daitoensis

the above specimen data are provided by antweb . please see camponotus daitoensis for further details
terayama , m . ( 1999 ) ant genus camponotus mayr ( hymenoptera ; formicidae ) in japan . memoirs of the myrmecological society of japan 1 : 25 - 48 .
terayama , m . ( 1999 ) . ant genus camponotus mayr ( hymenoptera ; formicidae ) in japan . memoirs of the myrmecological society of japan 1 : 25 - 48 .
terayama , m . 1999b . the ant genus camponotus mayr ( hymenoptera : formicidae ) in japan . mem . myrmecol . soc . jpn . 1 : 25 - 48 ( page 41 , figs . 31 - 34 soldier , worker described )
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total length around 4 mm in minor workers ; 5 . 5 - 6 mm in major workers . in major workers : head , mesosoma and legs reddish brown ; 1st gastral tergite yellowish brown excepting posterior margin which is blackish brown to black ; 2nd to terminal segments blackish brown to black ; pronotal dorsum with several relatively short erect hairs ; mesonotal dorsum with 4 to 6 such hairs ; propodeum with more than 10 erect hairs . in minor workers : head , mesosoma and legs light yellowish brown ; coloration of gaster as in the major worker ; pronotal dorsum without hairs ; mesonotal dorsum with a pair of erect hairs ; propodeum with about 12 erect hairs .
original text and english translation by mamoru terayama , edited by robert w . taylor .
the following information is derived from barry bolton ' s new general catalogue , a catalogue of the world ' s ants .
this page was last modified on 17 april 2016 , at 12 : 09 .
is a species of carpenter ant , endemic to the daitō islands , japan . the species make nests in trees .
the following is a list of all the valid names ( extant and extinct ) of ant species with information currently available within antwiki .
all taxa currently being used ( valid names ) , both living and fossil .
invalid taxa , those not currently being used ( includes synonymys , etc . )
the following 200 pages are in this category , out of 14 , 280 total .
this page was last modified on 4 july 2011 , at 05 : 05 .
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[ 188 ] bolton , b . 2014 . an online catalog of the ants of the world . available from urltoken
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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to go directly to a known taxon of hymenoptera , enter the name below ( maximum size = 256 characters ) . only scientific names are stored in the database , no common names . the text field is case - sensitive and the spelling must exactly match the database entries unless a wildcard ' % ' is used . regardless of wildcard use , all taxa whose name begin with the search string will be displayed .
to retrieve the specimen data of a specimen , type in the full specimen id ( e . g .
, etc . ) or the start of the id and a wildcard ' % ' to display all matches .