the kamehameha butterfly ( vanessa tameamea ) is one of the two species of butterfly endemic to hawaii , the other is udara blackburni .

the hawaiian name is pulelehua .

this is today a catch-all native term for all butterflies ; its origin seems to be pulelo " to float " or " to undulate in the air " + lehua , " reddish , " or " rainbow colored , " probably due to the predominant color of the metrosideros polymorpha flower : an animal that floats through the air , from one lehua to another .

alternatively , it is called lepelepe-o-hina – roughly , " hina 's fringewing " – which is today also used for the introduced monarch butterfly .

the kamehameha butterfly was named the state insect of hawaii in 2009 , due to the work of a group of fifth-graders from pearl ridge elementary .

these 5th graders ( robyn-ashley amano , ryan asuka , kristi kimura , jennifer loui , toshiro yanai and jenna yanke ) proposed the butterfly as the state insect to various legislators as a project for gifted and talented .

kamehameha butterfly

a kamehameha butterfly caterpillar in its
tent
. photo by will haines .
a kamehameha butterfly on waiheʻe ridge on maui . photo by forest and kim starr
( nymphalidae ) ( kamehameha butterfly are provided by from forest and kim starr .
a darker , red variant of the kamehameha butterfly pupa . photo by daniel rubinoff .
a male kamehameha butterfly perched on the trunk of a tree . photo by karl magnacca .
the tiny egg case of the kamehameha butterfly resembles a sea - urchin shell . photo by will haines .
kamehameha butterfly egg , closeup . the egg measures only 1 millimeter in diameter . photo by will haines .
a kamehameha butterfly egg close up . eggs are only about 1 millimeter in diameter . photo by will haines .
hawaii designated pulelehua , also known as the kamehameha butterfly ( vanessa tameamea ) as the official state insect in 2009 . the kamehameha is one of only two native butterfly species in hawaii ( the other is udara blackburni ) . all state insects
the ancestors of the kamehameha butterfly found a food source in māmaki and related plants in the nettle family . photo by nathan yuen
uh manoa researchers are asking the public to help the kamehameha butterfly , the state insect , by participating in the pulelehua project .
) are one of only two butterfly species endemic to the hawaiian islands . known as “lepelepe o hina” in hawaiian , the kamehameha butterfly is the official insect of the state of hawaiʻi . “pulelehua” is the generic term for butterflies .
the kamehameha butterfly ( nymphalidae : vanessa tameamea ) is one of hawaii ' s two native butterflies ( udara blackburni ( lycaenidae ) , koa butterfly , being the other ) . the kamehameha butterfly caterpillars feed on pipturus and other native nettles . the adults can often be foound feeding at sap fluxes on koa trees . the above chrysalis is actually a painted lady ( vanessa cardui ) .
caterpillars of the kamehameha butterfly can be several different colors , from green to brown , but always covered in spines and bumps . photo by will haines .
population ecology of the kamehameha butterfly , tabashnik , bruce e . ; perreira , william d . ; strazanac , john s . ; montgomery , stephen l .
the kamehameha butterfly is related to the painted ladies and admirals , a group of butterflies that is found all over the world . however , the kamehameha butterfly is endemic to hawaii , and evolved here after a butterfly somehow dispersed across the ocean and colonized the islands . over millions of years of isolation , it diverged from its ancestors enough to be considered a different species . it is one of only two native species of butterflies in hawaii ( the other is blackburn ' s blue butterfly ,
brilliant orange and fluttering through the forest , the kamehameha butterfly , or pulelehua , is our state insect . it’s one of only two butterfly species native to hawaiʻi , and its ancestors flew to these islands long before the first humans stepped ashore .
the caterpillars create a distinctive pattern as the munch māmaki leaves . this distinct pattern can bu used to document the presence of the kamehameha butterfly . photo by will haines
the kamehameha butterfly is not found outside of hawaiʻi , so if you see something similar on the mainland , it is likely a different species in the genus vanessa , which includes about 20 species worldwide . in hawaiʻi , we have several species of orange and black butterflies that might be mistaken for the kamehameha butterfly . before submitting your photos , please visit our
common lookalikes
page to confirm that your observation is really the kamehameha butterfly . please note that the kamehameha butterfly , like all native wildlife , is protected , and it is illegal to collect specimens without a permit , even on private land . therefore , we are asking that participants use photographs to document observations of the butterfly and its immature stages ( egg , caterpillar , and chrysalis ) .
pulelehua , or kamehameha butterfly ( vanessa tameamea ) ; official state insect of hawaii . photo by jim denny on flickr ( all rights reserved ; used by permission ) .
the kamehameha butterfly was completed on 2 . 8 . 2013 . i had completed , i thought , all the official animals of the state of hawaii . turns out the information i was working from is a few years old , as the kamehameha butterfly was selected as the official butterfly of hawaii in 2009 . i also ran into some problems when i realized the reference photo i was working from was from a similar but different species native to south america .
does the kamehameha butterfly flutter around at real high speeds ? i have seen these butterflies flying around and thought they almost look like tiny “hummingbirds” . they fly so fast from plant to plant , that i can’t even see the interior of their wings , and they’ve got long antennae like mouths to suck the nectar from flowers . is this the kamehameha butterfly ? i just bought a mamaki plant and will see what happens . i raise the monarch’s , so i thought i would give the kamehameha butterfly a try ! i live in the pearl city area… .
nabokovia ( lycaenid butterfly ) named after vladimir nabokov , himself an entomologist who studied butterflies in the same subfamily . see also names from fictional characters for butterfly names derived from nabokov ' s writings .
heliconius sapho ( drury 1782 ) ( butterfly ) both named for sappho , the famous greek poet .
mitra kamehameha pilsbry , 1921 ( indo - pacific marine mollusc ) named for king kamehameha i , who unified the hawaiian islands and presided over the opening of hawaii to the rest of the world .
female kamehameha butterflies are often seen flying around māmaki or other host plants . photo by nathan yuen .
use the photos on the website to make sure you’ve got the right butterfly . at one time , the kamehameha butterfly was the only pair of orange wings around , but now , painted ladies , red admirals , monarchs , and gulf fritillary all flit through hawaiʻi yards and forests . these exotic species , which can easily be confused with adult pulelehua , do not seem to pose a threat to the native butterfly . other insects do . ants , and potentially the little fire ant to a greater degree , can prey on caterpillars and the pupa in the chrysalis . introduced katydids have an appetite for butterfly eggs . and , as the caterpillars of kamehameha butterfly don’t dine on introduced nettles , it’s critical to protect their native food source .
euptychia attenboroughi neild et al . , 2015 ( attenborough ' s black - eyed satyr , a butterfly )
the kamehameha butterfly is one of only two native butterfly species in hawai‘i . its ancestors made it here from north america or asia millions of years ago . adults are orange with brown , black , and white markings . the light - green caterpillars feed only on native species in the nettle family , primarily māmaki . they don’t consume non - native plants like crownflower or milkweeds , which are favorites for the introduced monarch butterfly .
kamehameha butterflies have a wing span of about 3 inches and have thick hairy bodies . you can tell the gender of kamehameha butterflies by the white dots on the margins of the upper wings . if all the dots surrounded by black at the tip of the upper wing are white , the butterfly is female . if several are light orange , the butterfly is male . the one with its wings wide open above is male .
a chrysalis of the kamehameha butterfly . these are typically found hanging on stems or twigs on or very close to caterpillar host plants . pupae vary in color . this is a light variant . photo by daniel rubinoff .
but thanks to an exciting citizen science activity , the pulelehua project , researchers are discovering that the kamehameha butterfly is fluttering around in surprising places . like a community on the north shore of oʻahu and a backyard in kēōkea on maui . “this butterfly is a strong flyer – it seems to be cruising through , ” says haines .
ornithoptera alexandrae rothschild , 1907 ( queen alexandra birdwing butterfly ) this new guinea butterfly is the world ' s largest . it is named after alexandra of denmark , queen consort to england ' s edward vii and empress of india .
glaucopsyche xerces boisduval , 1852 ( xerces blue butterfly ) an extinct butterfly from the coastal sand dunes of san francisco . the xerces name derives from the french spelling of xerxes , the name of two persian kings of the fifth century bc .
the non - native painted lady butterflies ( vanessa cardui and vanessa virginiensis ) are in the same genus as the kamehameha butterfly and look very similar — check for
extra
white dots in the black area on the front wings .
knowing māmaki is in your area can cue you in to looking for kamehameha butterflies . photo by forest and kim starr
like all butterflies , kamehameha butterflies have four wings — two upper and two lower . one of the cool things about kamehameha butterflies is that they easily camouflage themselves by covering their colorful upper wings with the drab backside of their lower wings .
vanessa tameamea eschscholtz , 1878 ( kamehameha butterfly , the state insect of hawaii ) the specific name is an old - fashioned and partially wrong transcription of
kamehameha
, a dynasty of hawaiian kings . ( hawaiian does not distinguish between the / t / and / k / sounds , but the / h / is pronounced and should be in the transcription . )
kamehameha butterflies are fascinating to watch . take a look at this video of kamehameha butterflies as they go about their daily routine feeding on koa sap , interacting with other insects , and chasing each other in the tree tops . what a life !
for the past several months i have been hiking to the koa forests of oʻahu and hawaiʻi island to look for kamehameha butterflies .
styphelia tameiameiae ( cham . & schltdl . ) f . muell . ( pukiawe , a hawaiian shrub ) named for king kamehameha i , aka kalani pai ' ea wohi o kaleikini keali ' ikui kamehameha o ' iolani i kaiwikapu kaui ka liholiho kunuiakea .
“a lot of butterflies could have arrived here , ” says university of hawaiʻi researcher will haines . “but unless they could find a host plant they died . ” the kamehameha butterfly’s ancestors had suitable hosts : hawaiian māmaki and other close relatives in the nettle family . the pulelehua caterpillars feed only on these native plants , once common throughout the islands . but as humans transformed forests into fields and pastures , and invasive species spread from backyards , the māmaki , olonā , and ōpuhe plants became scarce . as this caterpillar food became less common at lower elevations , so did the kamehameha butterfly . today , any low - elevation populations of the butterfly depend on the scattered māmaki plants found in gulches , and this endemic butterfly is mostly found in the native forests higher in the mountains where food is more plentiful .
this week , eight years after the kamehameha butterfly was designated as the hawai‘i state insect , 94 of the stunning , captive - raised butterflies , were released in the kawainui marsh . this is both the culmination of and the beginning of an unusual path towards species conservation .
for the purposes of documenting kamehameha butterfly populations , the immature stages are extremely helpful . the first reason is that they are potentially easier to find and photograph than adult butterflies , since they cannot move quickly or very far . the second reason is that when we find the immature stages at a site , we know that the butterflies are actually using that site to breed and reproduce , whereas adult butterflies can actively disperse far from their breeding sites , or get blown off course . therefore , immature stages give us more precise information about kamehameha butterfly habitat .
kamehameha butterflies are fascinating to watch . take a look at kamehameha butterflies feeding on koa sap , interacting with other insects , and chasing each other in the tree tops . one of two native species , the kamehameha butterfly is found on all the main islands of hawaii . it ' is also know by it ' s hawaiian name , pulelehua . they lay their eggs on mamake , hawaiian nettle plants , which the caterpillar eat when they are young . it is uncommon to see them in forests but when you do it is because they are looking for mamake plants . this video features
kamehameha butterflies in the koa forest
urltoken by nate yuen which is licensed under cc by urltoken
kristi kimura was 11 years old at the time , but she remembers it vividly . after narrowing their search to two finalists , the class voted . it was between the kamehameha butterfly or pulelehua ( vanessa tameamea ) and the hawaiian happy - face spider . kimura recalls , “we figured having a spider wouldn’t be great since a lot of people don’t like them and felt the butterfly represented the islands better since it was named after king kamehameha . ” now studying biology at seattle university , kimura laughs , “i realize now that spiders aren’t technically even insects ! ”
the kamehameha butterfly is one of only two species of butterfly native to hawaii ( the other is the blackburn ' s bluet ) the hawaiian name is pulelehua , which is actually a native term that stands for all butterflies . it is also called lepelepe - o - hina - which roughly translates into
hina ' s fringewing
this is also the native term for the monarch butterfly , which was introduced to the island . the kamehameha butterfly was named the state insect of hawaii in 2009 , thanks to the efforts of a group of fifth graders from pearl ridge elementary in hawaii . adult butterflies eat the sap of koa ( acacia koa ) trees , along with a few other indigenous plants . the caterpillars feed on the leaves of plants in the urticaceae family . the chrysalis of this species is extremely well camouflaged and looks like a dead , dried up leaf .
a caterpillar ' s shelter . the feeding damage caused by young kamehameha butterfly caterpillars is very distinctive . look for these characteristic leaf folds when you search on host plants . if you find this kind of damage , please photograph and submit it to the pulelehua project . photo by will haines .
the kamehameha butterfly ( vanessa tameamea ) is endemic to hawaii , meaning it is found nowhere else in the world . it is also hawaii ' s official state insect . the university of hawaii is asking for the public ' s help in mapping these butterflies in hawaii . photo courtesy uh .
the kamehameha butterfly can be recognized by the pattern of white or light patches on the upper surface of the forewings . pulelehua has only three main white patches in this area ( though some are divided by dark wing veins ) . look - alike butterflies have more white spots . photo by nathan yuen
the kamehameha butterfly ( vanessa tameamea ) is endemic to hawaii , meaning it is found nowhere else in the world . they used to be commonly found up at tantalus on oahu , but no longer are . they are orange and black , but don ' t get them confused with common lookalikes .
additional info : if caterpillars are present , be careful about spraying the plant because those caterpillars may be the larvae of the native kamehameha butterfly who uses the mamaki as a host plant , you also don’t want to spray it with pesticides if you plan on using the plant for making tea anyway . as for the butterfly , the adult looks similar to a non - native monarch butterfly but with more bold designs and a fuzzier body . however , the kamehameha butterfly is becoming increasingly rare because not as much mamaki is available for this insect to thrive on , but on the contrary , more monarch butterflies are seen because more people are planting its favorite host plant the crown flower which is also not native to hawaii , so by planting mamaki in your garden not only will you be helping to increase the number plants but also the number of kamaehameha butterflies , not to mention that you will have a cool and useful plant in your yard .
the pulelehua , or kamehameha butterfly , is one of only two butterflies that are native to hawai ' i . with its bright red wings , bold black borders , and 2 1 / 2 inch wingspan , pulelehua are often seen fluttering near koa trees , where adults feed on the sweet sap oozing from broken branches .
to date , the reports have turned up 52 confirmed sightings of the iconic state insect . anyone can participate and reports can be recent sightings or several years old , so long as there is a photo to accompany the information about when and where the butterfly , caterpillar , egg , or even feeding damage was observed . the data collected from the mapping project will help haines and his colleagues better estimate the distribution of the pulelehua and could shape efforts to restore habitat for the kamehameha butterfly .
kamehameha butterflies are so fast and their flight path so unpredictable that it is only by pure luck that i was able to catch one in mid - flight .
mating pair of the endemic hawaiian butterfly , blackburn ' s blue ( udara blackburni ) , on the finger of the photographer , jim snyder . taken on oahu in january .
that “hummingbird” is a sphinx moth . these moths wing beat so fast that they look like hummingbirds . yes… mamaki is one the host plant for kamehameha butterflies — good luck !
for updates , go to the pulelehua project ' s fb page ( to see photos submitted by citizen scientists ) . the first confirmed sighting of a kamehameha butterfly on molokai came from waialua valley yesterday . another was sighted in a backyard in volcano on the big island , located at 4 , 000 feet elevation , where the butterflies appear to be doing well .
fine art illustration of a kamehameha butterfly . the print is hand - signed by the artist and is guaranteed to arrive in perfect condition . the reproduction of this original pen and ink drawing is done on high quality acid - free archival paper . call 1 800 - 913 - 7906 for more information or to order by phone . click here for shipping info .
these are all reasons to take your butterfly - hunting habit to the next level . to attract the kamehameha butterfly to your yard , plant māmaki and encourage your neighbors to do the same . a single plant can support ten caterpillars , but according to haines , it’s more about establishing a critical mass of māmaki across the landscape . physical barriers , like tanglefoot , a tacky substance designed to keep crawling critters from climbing up plants , can protect eggs and caterpillars from ants and other predatory insects . learn more about the pulelehua project and submit sightings at urltoken .
the pulelehua project is now underway , with at least 10 new confirmed sightings of kamehameha butterflies by citizen scientists from the islands of molokai , oahu , kauai and the big island .
the pulelehua project emerged out of haines’ research . with funding from the state of hawaiʻi department of land and natural resources , division of forestry and wildlife , haines has been investigating various threats to the species’ survival in the field and mapping the kamehameha butterfly’s distribution throughout the state . mapping butterflies across the archipelago is a big job ; haines thought others may be interested in helping .
a male butterfly sipping from a sap flux on koa . these sap fluxes are often fermented and bubbling , giving off a
beery
aroma that may be attractive to the butterflies . photo by nathan yuen .
check out the number of white or light orange patches on the black area on the upper surface of the forewings — the kamehameha has only three main white patches in this area ( other species have additional white spots ) . when at rest , with wings folded , the kamehameha also has a longer , pale patch or multiple pale patches on the underside of the hindwing . it has no blue - centered eyespots .
kamehameha butterflies feed on the nectar of a wide range of flowers and on the sap of koa trees ( acacia koa ) . while searching the koa forests we had the good fortune to find a sap flux — a wound or injury to the tree that causes sap to ooze out . we observed kamehameha butterflies return to the same spot time after time . when we looked closely , we could see they were feeding .
from a humble class project eight years ago to earth day 2017 , the first wild release of an at - risk species , has been an exciting and interesting journey for the pulelehua . hawai‘i’s real - life butterfly effect .
the sap flux was created by wood boring insects that drilled a series of holes into a branch of a koa tree . the sap that oozed from the holes were irresistible to kamehameha butterflies . william haines gave me an interesting article about how way more male kamehameha butterflies congregate at koa fluxes than female . it is speculated that females are preoccupied looking for suitable egg - laying sites and have less time to spend at the sap flux .
kamehameha butterflies are charismatic and relatively easy to recognize , so haines started contacting other conservation groups for help for help . he created a website , urltoken , filled with resources to help amateur entomologists identify the species in its different and fascinating life stages , from tiny urchin - shell like eggs to colorful adults . the website has excellent photographs of the eggs , caterpillars , adults , and their favored host plants . butterfly lovers across the state volunteered– reports came in from conservationists and the public alike .
astraptes viracocha brower 2010 ( skipper butterfly )
the name viracocha , a noun in apposition , is the name of a bearded white god of the incas . the species is named for dan janzen .
[ syst . biodivers . 8 : 486 ]
the life cycle of kamehameha butterflies are tied to mamaki ( pipturus albidus ) and other native urticaceae ( touchardia , urera , etc . ) . females lay eggs on these plants and caterpillars feed on their leaves before pupating and transforming into butterflies .
male and female kamehameha butterflies are sexually dimorphic , meaning males and females have slightly different wing patterns . in females , the pale patches toward the tip of the forewing are pure white . in males , some or all of these patches are light orange .
even the
eggshells
of the kamehameha butterfly can provide valuable evidence that they are present in the area . after caterpillars hatch , they often eat most of their eggshell , but sometimes they leave it intact . even when they ' ve eaten most of the eggshell , a small ( ~ 1 mm ) , whitish
ring
remains where it was attached to the leaf . if you have a macro function on your camera , it is worth submitting photos of hatched eggs if you see them on caterpillar host plants .
this article is awesome . i raise monarch butterflies including the rare white and would live to hike to see these butterflies . would i be able to accompany your group ? see my youtube video by searching dancetta feary butterfly farmer . keep up the great work ! 808 - 723 - 0630 .
we saw a dozen kamehameha butterflies — almost all of them male — uncurl their proboscis , stick them into the holes , sip on the sweet sap , and flap their wings . flies , beetles , and other insects were drawn to the spot to feed on sap as well .
the kamehameha butterfly lays its eggs on the mamaki plant , a native shrub that was sometimes used by hawaiians to make a coarse tapa ( the leaves are also used to make an herbal tea ) . young caterpillars protect themselves by cutting a flap of leaf , pulling it over themselves , and securing it with silk to make a shelter . as they grow older , the caterpillars sit motionless on the branches , waiting for nightfall . once the sun has set and the forest birds have gone to sleep , it is safe for the caterpillars to venture onto the leaves to eat . even their chrysalis is well - camouflaged , looking like a withered leaf . in a little over two weeks , the chrysalis splits open , and out pops a beautiful pulelehua !
dr . william haines , a university of hawai‘i research entomologist , was hired through the uh center for conservation research and training to lead reintroduction efforts . his position was funded by the state and the u . s . fish and wildlife service through the pacific cooperative studies unit . his first task was determining the butterfly’s distribution . he said , “we decided to set up a website for people to send in their sightings , so we could log them on a map . ” confirmed on most of the main hawaiian islands , the pulelehua occurs mostly in gulch or stream habitats where host plants are common . using sightings from the website , scientists created a map of suitable habitat based on rainfall , temperature , and elevation . that gave them an idea of where the butterfly should be reintroduced .
multiple butterflies appeared at the sap flux and chased each other around the tree tops . sam gon iii said that when the bacteria in the sap ferments , an intoxicating bubbly ooze is sometimes produced . kamehameha butterflies get drunk from the brew and males get aggressive with each other . take a look at the video at the end this post to see males taunting and chasing each other .
back in 2009 , a small group of 5 th graders at pearl ridge elementary engaged in a project that captivated them . for their teacher it wasn’t enough to simply teach about government and how legislation is created . she challenged her students to introduce a bill to designate the first state insect . the subsequent chain - of - events can be likened to ‘ the butterfly effect’ . that concept was first coined by meteorologists to explain how small causes can have large effects .
although kamehameha butterflies are not on the federal list of endangered species they are not easy to find . they are rarely ever seen in areas where humans live . you need to hike deep into the mountains to find them . and if you are lucky enough to see them , they are often reluctant to open their wings to show the striking orange , black , and white pattern on the topside of their wings . they often tease you by flapping their wings giving you a momentary glimpse of the spectacular sight .
photographs by pete oboyski , 2000 . images may be used for scientific and educational purposes without permission .
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adult butterflies are the most conspicuous life stage to the casual observer , but they are fast flyers , and notoriously difficult to photograph . look for them in places where their host plants are common .
adult butterflies feed on koa sap , so are often seen on tree trunks near wounds where sap is flowing . males appear to be more attracted to these
sap fluxes
than females . photo by nathan yuen .
eggs are tiny , about the size of a pin head , and are laid only on caterpillar host plants on the upper or lower surface of leaves . for a list of host plants and how to recognize them , please visit the host plants page . photo by will haines .
caterpillars start out tiny and go through several developmental stages ( called
instars
) , shedding their skin between each stage . color varies a lot among individuals . newly hatched caterpillars have black heads and are green or gray . after the first molt ( one or two days after hatching ) , caterpillars begin to grow small spines , like the one pictured above , and can be various combinations of black , light green , or yellow . photo by will haines .
young caterpillars create shelters to protect themselves from predators and parasites . first they slice a crescent into a leaf ( above ) , then fold the flap over themselves like a tent and fasten it with silk . photo by will haines .
as caterpillars grow and molt , they change color , and the head of the caterpillar lightens to brown or green . the body usually becomes light green , but can vary anywhere between bright green and brown . the caterpillar above has some purple coloration . photo by will haines
older caterpillars are very distinctive , covered with spines and bumps , and are unlikely to be confused with any other species . this green individual ( about 2 inches long ) is a final - instar caterpillar , the last stage before forming a chrysalis . photo by karl magnacca .
although the green color morph seems to be the most common variety , they can also be brown , like the caterpillar above ( about 1 . 5 inches ) . photo by will haines .
as they grow , caterpillars become voracious , and can cause obvious feeding damage on leaves . if you see heavy chewing damage on māmaki or other host plants , search nearby for a caterpillar . they sometimes hide in rolled up dead leaves when not actively feeding .
this is the adult of one of only two native butterflies in hawai‘i . the caterpillar feeds on hawaiian nettle ( mamake ) , becomes a chrysalis , and then transforms into the adult . adults are uncommonly seen in forests , mostly in search of mamake plants , which it helps pollinate and upon which it lays its eggs for another brood to hatch and develop .
funny dogs playing and chasing each other , 2 - 8 - 12 . mov
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the project is ongoing and you can help . checking a māmaki patch is a good place to start . if you have māmaki in your area , or find māmaki while out hiking , inspect the leaves for eggs , caterpillars , and even feeding damage , and submit a report .
lissa strohecker is the public relations and education specialist for the maui invasive species committee . she holds a biological sciences degree from montana state university . kia’i moku , “guarding the island , ” is prepared by the maui invasive species committee to provide information on protecting the island from invasive plants and animals that can threaten the island’s environment , economy and quality of life .
originally published in the maui news , june 14th , 2015 as part of the kia‘i moku column from the maui invasive species committee .
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only when they want to be conspicuous and attract attention do they open their wings to reveal the bright orange and black pattern on the topside of their wings .
some of the feeding holes were filled with maggots — fly larvae — but the butterflies were undeterred and stuck their proboscis in the same hole anyway .
from time to time , the butterflies came down from the treetops and posed for us on lower branches .
i’ve not studied them enough to know long it takes for caterpillars to become butterflies . they are less active in the rainy months .
wonderful photos , video and text . i’ve seen them in volcano and am on constant lookout for them , but haven’t seen any in kaneohe… yet .
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researchers at the university of hawaii ' s college of tropical agriculture reached out to the public last week , asking for photo submissions to help map out the distribution of the butterflies to help determine how and why its population has declined .
many submissions have been of the gulf fritillary , according to the pulelehua project , which is pretty common around honolulu . the caterpillars are red with black spines , and they feed on lilikoi and related vines .
to submit a sighting , the university requests that you include a photo , which can be uploaded on its website . if you think you ' ve seen one but can ' t submit a photo , email pulelehua @ urltoken with a description of the sighting , location ad date .
you can also spot the eggs , which are tiny and about the size of a pin head on the upper or lower surface of the leaves of caterpillar host plants , particularly the mamaki .
the eggs are just the size of a pin head . photo by will haines . courtesy uh .
it ' s definitely an interesting approach — inviting
hawaii citizen scientists
to get involved .
copyright © 2016 urltoken . all rights reserved . 500 ala moana boulevard . # 7 - 210 , honolulu , hi 96813 telephone ( 808 ) 529 - 4747
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the species’ conservation status also factored into their decision . while not yet endangered , the pulelehua had been disappearing from areas like tantalus in the southern ko‘olau mountains , where it had previously been common . “we figured if we got it approved as the state insect , people would become informed and efforts would be made to try and protect it , ” said kimura .
the class’s wish has been realized through a combination of public interest and hard work by numerous partners . on release day staff from the dlnr division of forestry and wildlife ( dofaw ) , surround a mesh carrier filled with butterflies . almost immediately , the first one flies up towards the treetops to the group’s delight .
cynthia king of dofaw’s hawai‘i invertebrate program explained , “after the species was designated as our state insect , several members of the public contacted legislators . they were concerned they weren’t seeing pulelehua as much anymore and asked what was being done to help them ? ”
in hawai‘i , often referred to as the extinction capital of the world’ , it is often only when species become extremely rare that resources are secured to save them . king continued , “we realized how little we knew about our state insect , but saw this as a species we could take steps to stabilize before it reached that critical point” .
another study by university of hawai‘i graduate student colby maeda investigated causes of mortality . overall , it’s thought that habitat destruction , and predators such as ants , are having the biggest influence on their decline . this brings the project to its third stage : captive - rearing for release , which is expected to continue over the next two years .
few people realize that real - world conservation is as much trial and error as scientific process . haines said , “getting them to mate in captivity was the hardest part of raising them . there was one paper from the 80’s about a related species , but pretty much nothing was known about the mating habits of our pulelehua . ”
dlnr / dofaw has a new insect lab , where state and federal funding has provided the tools needed to conserve rare hawaiian insects and tree snails . the breeding program has been so effective that taking care of caterpillars has become a full - time job . with an entire life cycle of only about 45 days , turnaround times are quick .
the honolulu zoo has signed on to assist with the breeding program . a new exhibit is set to open there this year which allows the zoo to assist in housing some of hawai‘i’s rarest native invertebrates . honolulu zoo curator and conservation chair , laura debnar said , “it was the international union for the conservation of nature ( iucn ) world conservation congress that really led to this . ” an iucn representative encouraged zoos to play a stronger role in conservation . we had a workshop last october , “with everyone from keepers , to groundskeepers , to concessions staff providing their feedback . ” she added , “there was a very obvious consensus that we wanted to move in this direction of getting more involved in conservation in hawai‘i . ”
for king , this week’s release was the culmination of many years of dedication . she commented , “this project is a perfect example of how we can use research , public engagement and partnerships to successfully conserve a species , before it’s too late . we’ve had amazing support so far and look forward to working with any new partners that want to help us recover the pulelehua . ”
aloha ‘aina earth day , saturday , april 22 , from 10 : 00am to 3 : 00pm . admission is half - price for all kama‘aina .
do we really need a “state insect” ? and if we did , i would think the mosquito would fill the bill quite naturally .
the following senators introduced senate bill 433 and a description of the bill can be found here .
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let us know if you have suggestions for additional references to add to this page .
an overview of hawaii ' s moths and butterflies is provided by the hawaii department of land and natural resources ( hawaii ' s comprehensive wildlife conservation strategy , 2005 ) .
, as well as other plants , animals , fungi , and microbes of north america and the world .
jamieson , dean and jim denny . 2001 . hawaii ' s butterflies & moths : an identification guide to easily observed species . a hawaii biological survey handbook . mutual publishing .
some documents posted on the hear website are in adobe acrobat pdf format . if your computer is not already set up to read these files , you can download the free adobe acrobat reader . you can set up most web browsers to automatically invoke this reader ( as a
helper application
or
add - in
) upon encountering documents of this type ( refer to your browser ' s documentation for how to do this ) .
the hawaiian ecosystems at risk ( hear ) project was historically funded by the pacific basin information node ( pbin ) of the national biological information infrastructure ( nbii ) through pierc ( usgs ) with support from hcsu ( uh hilo ) . more details are available online .
the content of this page is based on information last generated on 07 august 2017 by pt . the template for this page was created on 15 march 2004 by ems , and was last updated on 20 february 2006 by pt .
description : large shrubs or small trees 5 - 15 feet tall that generally have light green leaves with whitish undersides and either green pink or reddish colored veins . the leaves range in size from about four inches up to a foot across and are also fairly rough to the touch . flowers are insignificant in appearance , but develop into fleshy white fruit which are connected directly to the stem usually where the leaf connects to the stem as well . a single plant can have hundreds of fruit at a time and each fruit contains many tiny brown seeds from which new plants will develop from .
distribution : this endemic plant is found in mesic to wet forests and valleys on all the main islands except kaho’olawe and ni’ihau .
landscape use and care : mamaki does well as an under story shrub or in semi - shaded areas . it also does fine in full sun with moderate watering . as with most plants , mamaki also does better in well drained soils . few pests bother this plant but spider mites may colonize under the leaves , wiping them off with soapy water should take care of it ( see additional info ) .
cultural uses : mamaki was used to make kapa ( clothing ) when the softer , more preferred wauke ( paper mulberry ) wasn’t available . today as well as in the past , mamaki is commonly used to make a mild but invigorating and healthy tea .
the university of hawai ' i insect museum serves as a center for insect identification and systematics - based research . we have workspace , equipment , and resources for detailed taxonomic analysis , and researchers from many different laboratories are able to work and interact under its auspices . our close association with the extensive collections and staff of the bishop museum greatly enhances this interactive museum community .
the university of hawaii insect museum is currently in the midst of digitizing the entire collection , which will result in a fully searchable database that includes images and can generate interactive maps . some records can already be accessed at the southwest collections of arthropods network portal and at invertnet . for an older database that may still be useful , search our insect holdings database .
we house extensive native insect collections , including the hawaiian drosophila collection , which serve as historical records . older collection records help establish patterns of decline and disappearance for different insect species , and may help to identify those factors which have led to the declines .
we house synoptic pest collections for most crops of agricultural importance including historical collections indicating the presence , absence and patterns of invasions for newly introduced insects . this part of the collection is invaluable for tracking the spread of new invasive insects and the effectiveness of control efforts for current and historical invasions .
support for the museum helps to preserve the collection , fund events , and support field work and research experience for students from high school to the phd level . please consider making a donation .
the university of hawaii darwin day open house was a great success ! thanks to all who helped and came to celebrate this event showcasing the remodeled museum . . . . . .
a selection of charismatic endemic hawaiian moths . hyles calida ( sphingidae ) and aumakua omaomao ( noctuidae ) . . . .
a natural history museum is much like a library . the specimens along with their labels contain a wealth of information about taxonomy , evolution and ecology . . . . . .
© 2011 the university of hawai ' i insect museum . all rights reserved .
this is a selection of butterflies found in hawaii . click on the view native button above to find out which ones are native .
- home - - rules - - etymology - - puns - - wordplay - - gene names - - misc . - - references - - feedback -
bufonaria borisbeckeri parth , 1996 ( bursid sea snail ) etymology :
ich widme die neue art boris becker , dem meines erachtens größten deutschen einzelsportler aller zeiten .
[ spixiana 19 ( 1 ) : 129 ]
eulaema atleticana nemésio , 2009 ( bee ) named in honor of the 100 - year anniversary of clube atlético mineiro , a brazilian football ( soccer ) team . the black and yellow stripes on the bee ' s metasoma resemble the striped official players ' t - shirt .
eulaema quadragintanovem nemésio & ferrari , 2012 ( bee ) the name is latin for 49 , the jersey number of soccer superstar ronaldinho gaúcho of clube atlético mineiro .
mastophora dizzydeani eberhard , 1984 ( spider ) named after a baseball player . the spider uses a sticky ball on the end of a thread to catch its prey .
agaporomorphus colberti wheeler & miller , 2009 ( diving beetle ) wheeler said ,
last year , stephen shamelessly asked the science community to name something cooler than a spider to honor him . his top choices were a giant ant or a laser lion . while those would be cool species to discover , our research involves beetles , and they are ' way cooler ' than a spider any day .
diamphipnoa colberti stark , 2008 ( stonefly ) for stephen colbert , of the colbert report . [ illiesia 4 ( 4 ) : 55 . ]
albunea groeningi boyko , 2002 ( sand crab ( crustacea : anomura : albuneidae ) ) named for matt groening , creator of
the simpsons
.
aleiodes elleni shimbori & shaw , 2014 ( parasitic wasp ) named after ellen degeneres . [ zookeys 405 : 1 ]
aleiodes falloni shimbori & shaw , 2014 ( parasitic wasp ) named after james thomas ( jimmy ) fallon .
aleiodes stewarti shimbori & shaw , 2014 ( parasitic wasp ) named after jon stewart of the daily show .
campsicnemius charliechaplini evenhuis , 1996 ( dolichopodid fly )
etymology : this species is named in honor of the great silent movie comedian , charlie chaplin , because of the curious tendency of this fly to die with its midlegs in a bandy - legged position .
[ bishop mus . occ . pap . 0 ( 45 ) : 54 ]
cuspicephalus scarfi martill and etches , 2011 ( pterosaur ) named for artist / cartoonist gerald scarfe , whose caricatures mostly have very pointed noses .
strigiphilus garylarsoni clayton , ~ 1989 ( owl louse )
i considered this an extreme honor . besides , i knew no one was going to write and ask to name a new species of swan after me . you have to grab these opportunities when they come along .
- gary larson
montypythonoides riversleighensis smith & plane , 1985 ( fossil snake ) the genus is no longer valid ; this species is now called morelia riversleighensis .
anatoma tobeyoides geiger & jansen , 2004 ( snail ) named for american abstract expressionist painter mark tobey , because the sculpture on the snail shell is reminiscent of his work .
effigia okeeffeae nesbitt 2007 . ( archosaur ) from ghost ranch , new mexico , near where the artist georgia o ' keeffe lived .
gaudipluma artal et al . 2013 ( eocene crab ) its carapace resembles the buildings of catalan architect antoní gaudí . [ zootaxa 3652 : 343 ]
microchilo elgrecoi bleszynski , 1966 ( crambid moth ) after the spanish painter el greco . [ acta zool . cracoviensia 11 : 451 ]
microchilo murilloi bleszynski , 1966 ( crambid moth ) after the mexican painter murillo ( dr . atl ) . [ acta zool . cracoviensia 11 : 451 ]
pseudocatharylla gioconda bleszynski , 1964 ( crambid moth )
described from a unique female
and
very distinctive .
[ acta zool . cracoviensia 11 : 683 ]
aleiodes frosti shimbori & shaw , 2014 ( parasitic wasp ) named after robert frost , in reference to his poem
the road not taken .
this wasp is unique in its genus in exiting its host caterpillar through a posterior side hole .
alsasuacaris nostradamus bakel et al . , 2011 ( cyclid crustacean ) one of the authors had predicted a year beforehand that cyclids would be found in the area .
aptostichus edwardabbeyi bond 2012 ( trapdoor spider ) named for author and environmentalist edward abbey .
aesopichthys poplin & lund , 2000 ( fossil actinopterygian fish ) named for aesop .
arthurdactylus conandoylensis frey & martill , 1994 ( brazilian pterosaur ) named after arthur conan doyle in honor of his story the lost world , which is set in jungle similar to where the fossil was found , and in which a living pterosaur is brought back to london .


condylonucula maya is a microscopic species of saltwater clam , a marine bivalve mollusk or micromollusk in the family nuculidae , the nut clams .

this species grows to a length of about 500 µm ( 0.020 in ) and is believed to be the smallest living bivalve .

it is found in shallow waters in the caribbean sea off the coast of mexico .

condylonucula maya

explore what eol knows about condylonucula maya d . r . moore , 1977 .
worms - world register of marine species - condylonucula maya d . r . moore , 1977
global biodiversity information facility . condylonucula maya d . r . moore , 1977 . accessed december 30 , 2015 .
the smallest bivalve is thought to be the saltwater clam condylonucula maya . this species has a shell that is less than a millimeter in size .
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : condylonucula maya r . c . moore , 1977 - id : 5130654511
morphology ( organisms ) ; new genera ; new species ; condylonucula d . r . moore , 1977 [ worms ] ; condylonucula cynthiae d . r . moore , 1977 [ worms ] ; condylonucula maya d . r . moore , 1977 [ worms ] ; nucula calcicola d . r . moore , 1977 [ worms ] ; asw , caribbean [ marine regions ] ; marine
three small species of nuculidae , two of which are the smallest known bivalves , are described from tropical western atlantic sediments . nucula calcicola n . sp . is a small , less than 2 . 0 mm , clam found in calcareous sediments over much of the caribbean region . the other two species are placed in a new genus . condylonucula , with c . cynthiae n . sp . as the tvpe . c . cynthiae , mature at around 600µ , is found in the western caribbean on atolls off the coast of nicaragua . c . maya n . . sp . , mature at around 500µ has been found at cozumel and arrowsmith bank at the northwestern extremity of the caribbean . recent and upper cenozoic nuculidae of the area are listed , and some are discussed .
huber , m . ( 2010 ) . compendium of bivalves . a full - color guide to 3 , 300 of the world’s marine bivalves . a status on bivalvia after 250 years of research . hackenheim : conchbooks . 901 pp . , 1 cd - rom . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
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moore , d . r . ( 1977 ) . small species of nuculidae ( bivalvia ) from the tropical western atlantic . the nautilus 91 ( 4 ) : 119 - 128
in : the nautilus . bailey matthews shell museum : silver spring . issn 0028 - 1344
4840 kennett pike , wilmington , de 19807 | 302 . 658 . 9111 | © 2018 delaware museum of natural history
a bivalve is an animal that has two hinged shells , which are called valves . all bivalves are mollusks . examples of bivalves are clams , mussels , oysters , and scallops . bivalves are found in both freshwater and marine environments .
there are about 10 , 000 species of bivalves . bivalves range in size from less than a millimeter to close to 5 feet ( e . g . , the giant clam ) .
a bivalve ' s shell is formed of calcium carbonate that is secreted from the bivalve ' s mantle , which is the soft wall of the animal ' s body . the shell grows as the organism inside gets bigger . not all bivalves have externally visible shells - some are small , some are not even visible . shipworms are a bivalve that doesn ' t have a very visible shell - their shell is made up of two valves at the worm ' s anterior ( back ) end .
bivalves have a foot , but not an obvious head . they also don ' t have a radula or jaws . some bivalves move around ( e . g . , scallops ) , some burrow into the sediment ( e . g . , clams ) or even rocks , and some attach to hard substrates ( e . g , mussels ) .
the largest bivalve is the giant clam . the valves of the clam may be over 4 feet long , and the clam itself may weigh over 500 pounds .
marine bivalves are found around the world , from polar regions to tropical waters and from shallow tide pools to deep - sea hydrothermal vents .
many bivalves feed by filter feeding , in which they draw water over their gills , and tiny organisms collect in the organism ' s gill mucus . the also breathe by drawing fresh oxygen from the water as it passes over their gills .
when you eat a shelled bivalve , you ' re eating the body or a muscle inside . when you ' re eating a scallop , for example , you ' re eating the adductor muscle . the adductor muscle is a round , meaty muscle that the scallop uses to open and close its shell .
some bivalves have separate sexes , some are hermaphroditic ( have male and female sex organs ) . in most cases , reproduction is sexual with external fertilization . the embryos develop in the water column and go through a larval stage before eventually developing their shell .
bivalves are some of the most important seafood species . oysters , scallops , mussels , and clams are popular selections at just about every seafood restaurant . according to noaa , the commercial value of bivalve harvests in 2011 was over $ 1 billion , just in the u . s . this harvest weighed over 153 million pounds .
bivalves are organisms particularly vulnerable to climate change and ocean acidification . increasing acidity in the ocean is affecting the ability for bivalves to effectively build their calcium carbonate shells .
the blue mussel is a bivalve - it has two equally - sized , hinged shells that fit together and enclose the animal ' s soft body .
geller , j . b . 2007 .
bivalves .
in encyclopedia of tidepools and rocky shores . university of california press , p . 95 - 102 .
lindberg , d . r . 2007 .
molluscs , overview .
in encyclopedia of tidepools and rocky shores . university of california press , p . 374 - 376 .
martinez , andrew j . 2003 . marine life of the north atlantic . aqua quest publications , inc . : new york .
noaa , national ocean service . what is a bivalve mollusk ? accessed december 30 , 2015 .
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urltoken
, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the family .
, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the country .
, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in sealifebase for the ecosystem .
cfm script by , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by kbanasihan , 06 / 28 / 2010


vasum , common name the vase snails or vase shells , is a genus of mostly rather large predatory sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks within the family turbinellidae .

vasum

vasum - cli - completion - enables completion for vasum - cli in bash .
host - an environment on which vasum server is running . in most cases , this is the linux - based operating system on which vasum packages are installed . all vasum - related and zone - related management happens inside host .
vasum is a highly experimental feature of the tizen , so it is not present in the tizen image . to get the instructions how to download vasum sources , how to use vasum and what bugs are known , follow our guide
vasum contains its own
tests
sub - package , which provides unit tests for vasum components . for vasum user it is not mandatory to install it , however during development process it is a must - have . each module of vasum is tested and 100 % pass ratio is kept throughout the development process .
latest release of vasum is available on our urltoken repository , or on github .
vasum turbinellum - vasidae - taiwanese sea shell - 31 . 8mm - # 5324
vasum capitellum - 50mm , f + + + , brazil . $ 25 sold
vasum ' s development takes place on urltoken ( registration on urltoken is required ) .
vasum - zone - support - support package with dbus configuration files for zone - daemon .
zone - an environment created by vasum . it is a separated instance of operating system on which vasum server is running . one zone cannot modify , nor affect other zones and host .
turbinellidae » vasum stephanti , id : 891898 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
vasum has a main process , called vasum - server . for the project to work correctly , it is required to have it running on the system . additionally , vasum uses lxc to create new zones . when there is a zone running in the system , lxc creates a lxc - monitord daemon used to handle zones and launch new ones . this is another key process for vasum in order to work properly .
vasum is a highly fault - tolerant tool - every api returns errors in case provided input is incorrect . in case of crash , vasum server does not damage currently running zones in any way . launching new vasum instance after crash will result in reconnection to existing zones . additionally , vasum provides a functionality supporting update of its packages - whenever an update occurs , the server will detach from running zones , shut down and reload its updated binary automatically . that way every running zone is independent of vasum server and its eventual bugs .
vasum contains its unit and integration tests inside the repository . for more info about these , visit tests description .
vasum turbinellum - vasidae - taiwanese sea shell - 31 . 8mm - # 5324 on ebid united states | 140517502
github - samsung / vasum : vasum is a linux daemon and a set of utilities used for managing para - virtualization . it uses linux containers to create separate , graphical environments called zones . one can concurrently run several zones on one physical device . vasum exports a rich c / dbus api that the application frameworks can use to interact with zones .
( of vasum ( vasum ) ) abbott , r . t . ( 1959 ) . the family vasidae in the indo - pacific . indo - pacific mollusca 1 ( 1 ) : 15 - 32 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
vasum is an environment separation mechanism based on linux containers ( lxc ) . the idea behind the project is to easily create separate environments ( for example tizen operating systems ) running on one physical device . what differs vasum from other currently available environment separation mechanisms is its ease of use - vasum comes with pre - defined templates to easily create new environments , and high configurability .
hans - martin braun added the german common name
pazifische vase
to
vasum turbinellus ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
hans - martin braun added the english common name
top vase
to
vasum turbinellus ( linnaeus , 1758 )
.
for now vasum uses lxc for linux containers management . the project is mostly written in modern c + + , is well tested .
default configuration files , written with json , are kept in / etc / vasum directory . sqlite3 database keeping dynamic configuration files is kept there as well , in vasum . db file . for more information about the configuration files ( both static and dynamic ) , visit configuration files description page .
vasum is a linux daemon and a set of utilities used for managing para - virtualization . it uses linux containers to create separate , graphical environments called zones . one can concurrently run several zones on one physical device . vasum exports a rich c / dbus api that the application frameworks can use to interact with zones .
vasum is a linux daemon and a set of utilities used for managing para - virtualization . it uses linux containers to create separate , graphical environments called zones . one can concurrently run several zones on one physical device . vasum exports a rich c / dbus api that the application frameworks can use to interact with zones .
any matters related to vasum are discussed on official urltoken dev mailing list . if a bug is discovered , it should be submitted through the urltoken dev mailing list .
in order to use vasum api asynchronously , user must communicate with the server without vasum client library ( that is , using dbus or ux sockets directly ) . the api requests a function to call and immediately exists , processing the request on a separate thread . user of the api must assure synchronization is kept when using async calls .
vasum daemon can be accessed via c api or dbus . you can find the api documentation here . be aware that the api will most likely change in the near future .
in order to properly handle running applications on tizen , vasum must communicate with multiple services running on the os . an example of such services are tizen security modules - security manager and cynara . such integration is provided by vasum with the use of provisioning - a mechanism allowing to mount files , sockets , etc . to allow communication with services running in host .
finally , vasum requires an interface to communicate with user and allow for zone management . this requires an ui application to manage zones , to create , destroy them and set their privileges .
vasum has two communication methods used to transfer data between server and client library . one , and default , is communication through dbus , the other one uses unix sockets . both api descriptions can be found on our api description page .
vasum ' s response time is near - instant at start - up . however , different api calls might take different amount of time to process , depending not only on request type , but whether the call is synchronous , or asynchronous .
to fully complement vasum for tizen we must introduce several tizen specific solutions . having two or more ui based secure operating systems on an embedded device differs slightly from running several server operating systems on one machine , which today is the most common usage for all kinds of virtualizations .
vasum c api performs synchronous calls - all these wait until requested call is finished before exiting the function . their response time might vary - minor tasks , like listing available zones , will produce the result at instant , whlist creating new zones takes undetermined time and depends on used zone template .
rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) . vasum globulus ( lamarck , 1816 ) . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) world marine mollusca database . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2012 - 04 - 15
at the beginning vasum was designed as a high - level wrapper for libvirt . since the project relied only on lxc part of libvirt , a switch to pure lxc libraries occured . this allowed us to reduce overhead coming from libvirt and remove dependencies , which were required by libvirt , but not by pure lxc .
in order to properly communicate user about an event happening inside a zone , vasum integrates with tizen notification services . this way we are able to implement cross - zone notifications that tell the user a background zone asks for attention ( for example , an information about received email coming from a zone running in background ) .
vasum globulus - species dictionary - hong kong : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
to control namespaces and cgroups from userspace , lxc libraries are used . these provide a low - level api for namespaces management and their resource control using cgroups . vasum wraps lxc libraries and provides a high - level , easy to use interfaces to control lxc , together with a lightweight daemon managing the entire process and created environments .
the deroma 8 - 1 / 4 in . clay vasum pot features a natural red - clay coloring that will fit in with any decor , and the pot ' s drainage holes help protect your plants from overwatering . the beautiful pot provides style with a classic terra cotta finish . this sturdy clay pot is useful for many gardening needs .
integrating vasum with application installation and launch process is a more sophisticated task , which requires deeper changes to the system . both installation and launch of an application require some capabilities , which are accessible only inside host . we need those capabilities to set up security features of tizen , such as smack . zones run mostly unprivileged , and have no influence on tizen security mechanisms .
ty - jour ti - a new species of vasum ( gastropoda : turbinellidae ) from off somalia t2 - the nautilus . vl - 102 ur - urltoken pb - american malacologists , inc . , etc . cy - melbourne , fla . , etc . , py - 1988 sp - 36 ep - 39 do - 10 . 5962 / bhl . part . 5181 sn - 0028 - 1344 er -
( of vasum ( siphovasum ) rehder & abbott , 1951 ) rehder h . a . & abbott r . t . ( 1951 ) . some new and interesting mollusks from the deeper waters of the gulf of mexico . revista de la sociedad malacologica
carlos de la torre
. 8 ( 2 ) : 53 - 66 , pls 8 - 9 . page ( s ) : 61 [ details ]
on the lowest level , vasum is implemented using kernel containment features in linux systems . this is currently the best mechanism available for linux to achieve virtualization level separation that does not require a separate kernel for the guest ' s operating systems , and it ' s free of an overhead typical for a full virtualization hypervisors like qemu , kvm and others . it ' s completely implemented in the upstream kernel and does not require additional patches to be maintained . it comprises the following main features :
@ article { bhlpart5181 , title = { a new species of vasum ( gastropoda : turbinellidae ) from off somalia } , journal = { the nautilus . } , volume = { 102 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { melbourne , fla . , etc . , american malacologists , inc . , etc . } , author = { } , year = { 1988 } , pages = { 36 - - 39 } , }
röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of scolymus swainson , 1835 ) swainson w . 1835 . the elements of modern conchology . baldwin & cradock , london , 62 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 21 [ details ]
abbott , r . t . ( 1959 ) . the family vasidae in the indo - pacific . indo - pacific mollusca 1 ( 1 ) : 15 - 32 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of cynodonta schumacher , 1817 ) abbott , r . t . ( 1959 ) . the family vasidae in the indo - pacific . indo - pacific mollusca 1 ( 1 ) : 15 - 32 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of volutella perry , 1810 ) abbott , r . t . ( 1959 ) . the family vasidae in the indo - pacific . indo - pacific mollusca 1 ( 1 ) : 15 - 32 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
description habitat : rocky shores shell with low spire , up to 9 cm . small and large , blunt spines ( often eroded ) on shoulders of . . .
description habitat : rocky shores shell with low spire , up to 9 cm . small and large , blunt spines ( often eroded ) on shoulders of whorls . columella with 5 - 6 folds . colour white with brown blotches ; aperture yellowish - white ; outer lip blotched with black . habitat : lower eulittoral reef areas . distribution : indo - pacific . ( richmond , 1997 ) . [ details ]
drivas , j . ; jay , m . ( 1987 ) . coquillages de la réunion et de l ' île maurice . collection les beautés de la nature . delachaux et niestlé : neuchâtel . isbn 2 - 603 - 00654 - 1 . 159 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
see vās . the word is pre - classical . in classical latin it is only used in the plural .
to give the signal for breaking up the camp , collecting baggage : vasa conclamare ( b . c . 3 . 37 )
to pack the baggage ( for marching ) : vasa colligere ( liv . 21 . 47 )
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( zool . ) a genus including several species of large marine gastropods having massive pyriform shells , with conspicuous folds on the columella .
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[ feature ] compatible to new cargo exceptions [ cause ] n / a [ solution ] n / a [ verification ] build , install , run tests . change - id : i0cd8861b90165b5b39740ae21a3fa67ad733e30e
. lox0c0k ; , o00k ; ' ' o0wmmw0o ; . , dox0 . . cxk ' , mmmmmmmmmwnnwwnx0x , : mmmk ' ' : loxxxxdoodknmmmmn ommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmlkmmmmxd ' . , ommmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm ' . mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmw . ommmmmmmwoo , o0c . 0w : kmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmml xmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmk . dmmmmmmmmmmmmw ; l0 ; k : : : ; c : lkwmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmx ommmmmmmmmmmmmmo . ommmmmmmmmmmmm0 , nmmmm . . kmwol , ; ommmmmmmmmmmmmmmo . wmmmmmmmmmmmw , ' nmmmmmmmmmmmm0 , : wmmmmm ' lwmmmmmmnd : xwmmmmmmmmmmmmm . : mmmmmmmmmmm ; cmmmmmmmmmmmwx . ; kmmmmmmm . . lnmmmmmmmmmmmo : lxmmmmmmmmmmm0 omo ; wmmmmmodw ; ommmmmmm0c , onmmmmmmmmmx . ' okmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmk : , xwmmmnwmmmmx . cl ; ' ' ' , c ; ; ' : xkxx0ddoxxmmmmmmmmmmmmm ; xd ' kmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmwd ' : owckmx , ' c . : c ; , , ; ccdok ' kmk ; wmmmmmmmmmmmmw . ' ndo . wmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmkl : lko ' : ; xnmmmmmmd0mmkxl . o : , ok0kdl : : cdkkkxdo : xwmmm , ' n ; 0mmmwwwmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmml . owkocxwmmmmlmmmmn , doo lwoxmmwnxxxnmmmmmmmw kxd , . . dlc : : : cxkwmmmmmmmkkmmd . : dkmmmmmmklokk0coxxk ' kmmwo ' : lx0wmmmmmmmmmmmmc lmmmmmmwkkooolokknkkmd ; kmmmmmmmmmmmmnodc , . ' d , x0ox ' xldl ' . : dkmmmmmmmk ommmmmmmmmmmmmnoxolo wl : . , kkxxxxkkko ' , cmnmmmm0o ; . . ; dkwno . lc . mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm . ; ommmmmmmmmnkd . ' lwmmmmmmmmmn0kdlld0xdo 0mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmn . : wmmmmmmmmmkld . dnxdk , cxmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmx ' lmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmn . lmmmmmmxkoooxnmmkl : . xd0 : , mmmmmmd . : xmmmmmmmmmmmwk , ' mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmk ; nk kmmm0xdxkwmmmmmmwd , xmnn : wmmmmmmnc : xmmmmmmmnc kkommmwkkdlc : ; , ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' . l0kd . xmmmmmmmmm0 , lwmmmml 0mmmmmmmmwd . : xmmmmk o0x0 : . co xmmmmmmw : ' xmmmmmmk ommmmmmmmmmmkloxk ; od cmmmmmo kmmmmmmmw dmmmmmmmmmmmmmmxlool lmmmm0 . , d0wmmmmm0 . xokdlccloxkoood : : . , kwmmkc : , dxmmmwd ; . . ; : cxk ; . , co , ckk ; , clc , cc : ' lmmmmk ommmmo xmmmm , . wmmmw . , lxooooxc . . cdkookd ; : xxo . cxxl . xxd : , doooxc . cxookd , : mmmmk ommmm ; . nmmmx0nmmmmo ommmkoxmmml xmmmk nmmmx ' mmmmwwkxmmmmxwn0wmmmm ; kmmmw ; mmmml . kxxl nmmm0 ' mmmx , xxc mmmmx . mmmmo cmmmmk . xmmmmc ' mmmm : ' mmmmc nmmmo ; doknnwmmmmd cxmmmmnol . . mmmm : : mmmm ; xmmmm . wmmmo ; mmmm ' kmmmxkmmmx ; wmmmc . ommmmc . ' c0mmmw . ; mmmm ; . nmmmm . 0mmmx . mmmmc dmmmm . wmmmmmmd xmmmmx0nwmmmmmo . nmnokkxmmmx . wmmmmkkmwmmmw xmmmk : mmmm , kmmmx . oxxxx : cxo0od ; : k0od . ' lxko0oko ; . cko0kl . . lxxo ' dxx , lxxx . oxxc
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the deroma 18 - 9 / 10 in . terracotta bell pot with scallop makes a beautiful addition to any patio or deck . it features a textured design and drainage holes to prevent overwatering . this pot is perfect for housing any of your favorite outdoor plants .
the deroma 18 - 9 / 10 in . terra cotta bell pot with scallop makes a beautiful addition to any patio or deck . it features a textured design and drainage holes to prevent the flower pot from over - watering . this pot is perfect for housing any of your favorite outdoor plants .
the 14 in . dungari daisy has been made by dominican artists . hand - made from clay . this pot features drainage holes to help prevent over watering and the textured finish and stylish design help enhance your deck or outdoor area .
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a test separated environment for applications we ' re not completely sure of - such apps can be launched with guaranteed safety for our critical data kept inside our system .
temporary environments used for development , where we have very specific requirements of what is installed .
the year is 2014 . the idea of lightweight virtualization on linux systems was developing . in order to create a separated environment , users had to rely on either existing lxc libraries , or libvirt virtualization toolkit , which handled multiple separation mechanisms like kvm , qemu , lxc , hyper - v and others . both of these frameworks needed vast configuration files and many hours spent in order to work correctly and create a safe , separated environment for its user . not long did it take to figure out , that these tools used only by system administrators could benefit also other , less experienced user . what we needed is a daemon , a set of tools which would make virtualization process easy for its user . . .
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shells in the turbinellidae family are generally large , thick and overall spindle - shaped . the columella bears three to five , strong spiral teeth . they have a chitinous . claw - like operculum , and a quite large foot , which is characteristic of the turbinellidae molluscs . the foot is used for smothering and feeding on worms and clams . they live in sand among rocks , at considerable depths as well as in shallow water .
most commonly , they are found in tidal muds , mainly of the indian ocean and the caribbean . the
shell shown here is somewhat unique among chank shells owing to its long spines . without its exageratedly long spines , its shape would be nearly identical to shells in the
holotype for turbinella nuttingi henderson , 1919 catalog number : usnm 600532 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : j . henderson year collected : 1918 locality : antigua island , falmouth harbor , antigua , caribbean sea , north atlantic ocean depth ( m ) : 13 to 13 vessel : sloop resolute
the shell of the species is almost spherical , which is unusual in vase snails , hence the specific name globulus . the maximum recorded size of the shell is 43 mm , but it is small compared to that of other species in the same genus .
this species appears to be endemic to a few small islands in the leeward island chain of the lesser antilles , west indies . it has been recorded from the following islands :
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
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somalia . ras hafun . trawled in deep water . from an old collection .
© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 0 . 002 seconds . )
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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tulane university journal publishing is an open access , peer - reviewed journal publishing service which provides a web - based platform for scholarly and academic publishing to the tulane community .
tulane studies in geology and paleontology was devoted primarily to the geology and paleontology of the coasts and adjacent land areas of the gulf of mexico and the caribbean sea . each number
the journal was published between 1962 and 1997 . this is a collection of the entire run of the journal .
for all scientific names see vol . 10 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 1 - 10 ) ; vol . 20 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 11 to 20 ) ; vol . 30 , no . 4 ( taxonomic index to vol . 21 to 30 ) .
the past half century has seen dramatic changes in the world of scientific publishing ; changes that will continue in the next few decades . the newest generations of ( geo ) scientists have come of age in an environment where the research literature is almost entirely accessed online and visits to physical library collections are becoming increasingly rare . on one hand , these developments have led to the proliferation of new journals , most of which only exist online , and many of the latest additions are open - access journals . on the other hand , several older publication venues have come to a close .
it is now 20 years ago that the last issue of tulane studies in geology and paleontology ( initially known as tulane studies in geology ) appeared . coincidental or not , 1997 was right around the time that scientific publishing rapidly migrated to the internet . initiated in 1962 , tsgp has published more than 5000 pages of peer - reviewed research , in many cases by faculty members and graduate students in tulane’s department of geology . series like tsgp proliferated for many years , in part based on the extensive exchange schemes that existed between academic libraries . editing was carefully done in house , constituting a major time commitment for the faculty members who served as editors . even though the series was discontinued a while ago , the research published in tsgp has had a lasting impact . it continues to be cited on a regular basis and typically accrues 20 to 30 citations annually according to the web of science .
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the tulane journal of international affairs is a newly formed undergraduate research journal at tulane university . publishing once a year , the journal promotes outstanding undergraduate work relating to its three sections : international security , international political economy , and human rights .
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another amazing family with some weird and wonderful species . this is only a small family with approx . 80 members but it certainly has some appealing specimens .
tudivasum amiguera - 71 . 5mm , f + + ( minor faults ) , queensland . $ 12
columbarium spinicinctum - 76mm , f + + , queensland , trawled 150mts , unusual shell and difficult to obtain in good condition . $ 25
tudivasum inermis - 40mm , f + + + , western australia . $ 10
melbourne , fla . , etc . , american malacologists , inc . , etc .
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occurrence describes how often the species is found on surveys within its distribution . it is calculated as the % of reef sites surveyed by rls divers across all the ecoregions in which the species has been observed
abundance is calculated as the average number of individuals recorded per rls transect , where present .
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furcula cinerea , the gray furcula moth , is a moth of the family notodontidae .

it is found in the united states , southern canada and the northwest territories .

the wingspan is 33 – 45 mm .

the forewings are light grey with medium grey median and subterminal areas .

the hindwings are light greyish white with a dark discal spot and a terminal line of black dots .

adults are on wing from april to september in the south and from may to august in the north .

there are two generations per year in the south .

in the north there is only one generation .

the larvae feed on the leaves of betula , populus and salix species .

larvae can be found from spring to fall in the south and from july to august in the north .

the species overwinters in the pupal stage .

furcula cinerea

barcode divergences within furcula cinerea ( and other furcula species ) , indicate that more than one species may be involved .
this gray furcula moth ( furcula cinerea ) is a common prominent or notodontid moth in northeastern north dakota in late spring and early summer . photographed at emerado , north dakota ( 30 may 2013 ) .
furcula cinerea occurs in most of the pacific northwest . it is most common east of the cascade mountains , with many records from the east slope . it is the only furcula that is found in xeric steppe habitats , presumably feeding on willows in riparian areas . our records from west of the cascades are from oregon . the most northerly records are from dry areas near seton lake in southwestern british columbia .
this species is identified as a furcula by the elongate wing shape , bipectinate antennae , and gray color with black dots at the end of the veins of both wings . it is told from our other species by its washed - out pattern lacking strong dark elements and the gray rather than white or cream color . it is most likely to be confused with furcula scolopendrina , a common species in our area , which is white and can have reduced black markings . it has a broad white anterior thorax that f . cinerea lacks .
adults of f . cinerea have a fairly long flight in the pacific northwest , with records from mid - april through august . it is nocturnal and comes to light . the adults do not feed .
furcula cinerea is a medium - sized moth ( fw length 16–19 mm ) with light gray wings and washed - out pattern of slightly darker gray and black dots that flies in a variety of habitats from late spring through the summer . the forewing has a smooth convex outer margin , continuing to curve along the posterior margin . it is nearly translucent medium gray . the median band and subapical patch are only slightly darker gray than the ground color . the median dark area is dusted with paler scales and tends to be wavy in contour with a narrow
waist .
the lines are often faint , evident mostly at the costal margin and on the veins in most individuals , although they can be accentuated by black spots on the veins and bright ochre in some specimens . a series of black spots forms the terminal line . the fringe is light gray . the white hindwings have dark gray discal spot , veins , and strong terminal spots on the veins . the entire thorax is silver - gray without a white collar . the male antenna is strongly bipectinate and that of the female is simple .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
light areas of forewing are white in f . borealis and scolopendrina , and pale tan or yellowish in modesta ; in occidentalis , pm line is triple and continuous , and dark areas of wing are dark gray , providing good contrast against pale areas ( compare images of all 5 species )
contributed by robin mcleod on 30 november , 2005 - 7 : 40pm additional contributions by ethan kistler , ron m . , robert lord zimlich last updated 20 may , 2017 - 12 : 30pm
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a medium - size ( 3 . 3 - 4 . 5 cm wingspan ) pale grey moth . the long silky hair on the body is typical of the genus . the forewings are pale pearl grey shading to white at the wing - base . the normal lines are reduced to a few dark marks , in particular at the costa , and a series of black dots on the outer margin in the spaces between the veins . there are also a few small patches of gold or orange scales along the lower forewing margin . the hindwings are white with a row of prominent back spots between the veins along the margin , and a small dark discal spot . all other
species have a sharply contrasting dark median band crossing the forewings . the nominate subspecies been reported from the llyodminster region . subspecies
occurs in the grasslands region of southern alberta ; it is larger and paler than ssp .
the adults are diurnal and come to lights . larvae are solitary defoliators . there is a single brood which overwinters as pupae .
occurs in the wooded portions of the valleys in the grasslands region and locally in the aspen parklands .
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 33 . 49m ; p . 249 . book review and ordering
when disturbed , the caterpillar everted the tips of its posterior prolegs and undulated them . compare this image to the others . what is the purpose of this behavior ?
new england caterpillars ' camouflage parallels the story of the leaves through the year .
many new england caterpillars look like leaf damage making them less visible to birds .
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wa : adams co . sand hills , 445 ft 46 . 8 , - 118 . 5 may 19 , 2004 , lg crabo . specimen courtesy of lgcc photograph copyright : merrill a . peterson
the larva is smooth , green with a reddish brown dorsum , and with two long slender anal prolegs that look like a forked tail . it is illustrated by miller and hammond ( 2003 ) .
this species is widely distributed in riparian zones along creeks and rivers throughout the pacific northwest . it is relatively uncommon west of the cascades , but is more common east of the cascades .
this species has a wide distribution in north america , occurring from the atlantic to the pacific . eastern populations are found from quebec to north carolina . the range in the west includes the great plains , rocky mountains as far south as colorado , and most of california .
this species is a foodplant specialist on salicaceae , including both willows ( salix spp . ) and cottonwoods ( populus spp . ) .
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elophila responsalis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by walker in 1866 .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland .

the wingspan is about 20 mm .

there is a pattern of brown , white and yellow on the wings .

elophila responsalis

the wings of this adult moth have a striking pattern of brown , white and yellow . the wingspan is about 2 cms .
i don ' t know about the larva ( if they are destructive . . . read more
they are usually seen in pairs . they love to search . . . read more
a tree in your backyard has died or become diseased . . . . read more
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