the gray slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus ) is a species of primate in the family loridae .

it is found in india and sri lanka .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

the species was previously considered as loris tardigradus lydekkerianus but loris tardigradus is now a separate species found in sri lanka .

this species has been divided into several geographically separated subspecies .

the indian subspecies include : malabar gray slender loris , loris lydekkerianus malabaricus - found in the western ghats of india mysore gray slender loris , loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus - found in the southern plains of mysore and tamil nadu extending into the eastern ghats the sri lankan subspecies include : northern ceylonese slender loris , loris lydekkerianus nordicus highland slender loris , loris lydekkerianus grandis in sri lankan subspecies , loris lydekkerianus grandis has short ears , and a heart-shaped face .

basal hairs of the vent of loris lydekkerianus grandis are black and whereas those of loris lydekkerianus nordicus are white in colour .

gray slender loris

home » loris lydekkerianus ssp . lydekkerianus ( gray slender loris , mysore slender loris )
home » loris lydekkerianus ssp . malabaricus ( gray slender loris , malabar slender loris )
there are two species of slender loris , the only members of the genus ‘loris’ : the red slender loris ( loris tardigradus ) and the grey slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus ) .
improving diet and activity of insectivorous primates in captivity : naturalizing the diet of northern ceylon gray slender loris , loris lydekkerianus nordicus .
manokaran kamalakannan . hair morphology of gray slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus ) and bengal slow loris ( nycticebus bengalensis ) . 2017 ; 5 ( 3 ) : 386 - 388 .
is a slender loris species found exclusively in sri lanka . both slender loris species are unique among the members of the family
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive species - gray slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus )
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive species - gray slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus )
title =
arkive species - gray slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus )
border =
0
/ > < / a >
improving diet and activity of insectivorous primates in captivity : naturalizing the diet of northern ceylon gray slender loris , loris lydekkerianu . . . - pubmed - ncbi
the gray slender loris is classified as least concern ( lc ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) , and is listed on appendix ii of cites ( cites ) . four subspecies are currently recognised : loris lydekkerianus grandis ( highland slender loris ) and loris lydekkerianus nordicus ( dry zone slender loris ) are both classified as endangered ( en ) , and loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus ( mysore slender loris ) and loris lydekkerianus malabaricus ( malabar slender loris ) are classified as near threatened ( nt ) ( 1 ) .
geographical location and range : the gray slender loris can be found in the tropical rain forest and woodland areas of sri lanka and india .
nekaris , k . 2003 . spacing system of the mysore slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus ) .
nekaris , k . , j . jayewardene . 2004 . survey of the slender loris ( primates , lorisidae gray , 1821 : loris tardigradus linnaeus , 1758 and loris lydekkerianus cabrera , 1908 ) in sri lanka .
there are only about 10 slender lorises left in american zoos today . females lay upside down during mating . researchers have observed the gray slender loris completely ' freezing ' when in danger .
what : an expedition combining conservation science and natural history media , to contribute to better protection of the gray slender loris and other biodiversity of central sri lanka .
physical description : the gray slender loris has a small slender body and limbs , small hands , large eyes and a narrow snout . females and males are usually around the same size , between 7 - 10 inches and weigh approximately 9 ounces . their dentition formula is 2 : 1 : 3 : 3 . even though it’s a “gray” slender loris , their fur is a reddish brown color on top and gray - white underneath . the gray slender loris has many unique features . they don’t have a tail and their index fingers on their hands and feet are shorter than their other fingers which helps them grasp tree branches .
radhakrishna , s . , m . singh . 2004 . infant development in the slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus ) .
radhakrishna , s . , m . singh . 2004 . reproductive biology of the slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus ) .
nekaris , k . 2003 . observations on mating , birthing and parental care in three subspecies of slender loris in the wild ( loris tardigradus and loris lydekkerianus ) .
is a rare montane form known only from its type locality in mist forests of the horton plains at elevations of greater than 1500 m . a subspecies of gray slender loris ,
the slender loris inhabits tropical rainforests , scrub forests , semi - deciduous forests and swamps . the red slender loris favours lowland rainforests ( up to 700 metres in altitude ) .
( the slender loris ) is a strepsirhine primate restricted to the island of sri lanka .
the red slender loris ( loris tardigradus ) is a small , nocturnal prosimian native to the rainforests of sri lanka and southern india .
 ecological role the gray slender loris impacts insect populations due to its insectivorous diet and foraging . the populations of certain insects are very much affected by the amount of gray slender lorises present in the area . they are still a part of the food web , and can be hunted and eaten by larger predators in their habitat .
radhakrishna , s . , m . singh . 2002 . home range and ranging pattern in the slender loris ( loris tardigradus lydekkerianus ) .
williams e , cabana f , nekaris kai ( 2015 ) . improving diet and activity of insectivorous primates in captivity : naturalizing the diet of northern ceylon gray slender loris , loris lydekkerianus nordicus zoo biology doi : 10 . 1002 / zoo . 21231
. lastly , the slender loris species are uniquely gregarious , emitting loud contact calls throughout the night .
nekaris kai & jayewardene j ( 2003 ) . pilot study and conservation status of the slender loris ( loris tardigradus and loris lydekkerianus ) in sri lanka . primate conservation 19 : 83 - 90 .
krishnamoorthy , r . , k . srihari , h . rahaman , g . rajasekjaraiah . 1978 . nematode parasites of the slender loris , loris tardigradus .
perera , m . s . j . ( 2008 ) . a review of the distribution of grey slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus ) in sri lanka .
for those without comedic tastes , the so - called experts at wikipedia have an article about slender loris .
somander s . v . o . ceylon’s slender loris : queer habits of a small nocturnal forest monkey .
nekaris kai ( 2003 ) . spacing system of the mysore slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus ) . american journal of physical anthropology 121 : 86 - 96 .
the gray slender loris occurs in southern and eastern india and sri lanka ( 1 ) . within this large range , each subspecies occupies a different area . the mysore slender loris ( l . l . lydekkerianus ) inhabits the eastern ghats , in southern and eastern india , and the malabar slender loris ( l . l . malabaricus ) occurs along the west coast of india and in the western ghats ( 1 ) . the other two subspecies , the highland slender loris ( l . l . grandis ) and the dry zone slender loris ( l . l . nordicus ) , both occur in sri lanka , in the central province and north central dry areas respectively ( 1 ) .
northern ceylonese slender loris and the mysore gray slender loris . these two subspecies are classified as
near threatened
due to increased habitat loss and hunting throughout its distribution range . the small population range within the restricted island of sri lanka put these two subspecies in a precarious situation . while the population has not yet seen a steady decline , r
although the gray slender loris does receive protection under the indian wildlife act of 1972 ( 1 ) , and a few populations are found in protected areas ( 1 ) , further conservation actions are urgently needed to ensure the survival of each of the subspecies ( 2 ) . one of the main factors that hinder conservation of this species is the lack of information concerning this loris ' behaviour in its natural habitat ( 2 ) , and thus further studies and surveys on the gray slender loris are required ( 1 ) .
“slender loris ( loris tardigradus ) . ” the primata . n . p . , 24 mar . 2007 . web . 26 sept . 2010 . < urltoken > .
nekaris , k . 2003 . observations of mating , birthing , and parental behavior in three subspecies of slender loris ( loris tardigradus and loris lydekkerianus ) in india and sri lanka . folia primatologica , 74 : 312 - 336 .
nekaris , k . a . i . ; jayewardene , j . ( 2004 ) .
survey of the slender loris ( primates , lorisidae gray , 1821 : loris tardigradus linnaeus , 1758 and loris lydekkerianus cabrera , 1908 ) in sri lanka
. journal of zoology 262 ( 4 ) : 327–338 . doi : 10 . 1017 / s0952836903004710 .
the slender loris has a 4 way grip on each foot . the big toe opposes the other 4 toes for a pincer - like grip on branches and food . the slender loris has a dark face mask with a central pale stripe .
nekaris , k . 2001 . activity budget and positional behaviour of the mysore slender loris : implications for slow climbing locomotion .
the gray slender loris has been recorded in a range of habitats including forest , plantations , and dry shrub jungles . it appears to prefer degraded forests , rather than primary forest , and is often associated with areas near human habitations ( 1 ) .
grey slender lorises impact insect populations through predation . because ants and termites compose the majority of the slender loris diet , these insects are particularly affected . two new parasitic species have been discovered in
radhakrishna , s . and singh , m . ( 2002 ) conserving the slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus ) . national seminar on conservation of eastern ghats , tirupati , andhra pradesh .
izard , m . , d . rasmussen . 1985 . reproduction in the slender loris ( loris tardigradus malabaricus ) . american journal of primatology , 8 / 2 : 153 - 165 .
, no pattern has been observed with respect to male testes state and sexual activity . however , in the closely related slender loris (
the gray slender loris is a nocturnal primate that hunts primarily using vision ( 2 ) ( 6 ) , and therefore has remarkable eyes that are adapted to this life . a special layer at the back of the eye reflects light back through the retina , resulting in increased stimulation of the photoreceptors , and allowing vision in very low levels of light ( 3 ) . the gray slender loris feeds primarily on insects ( 1 ) , particularly ants , although the gum from trees is also eaten ( 6 ) . this arboreal species remains in the trees to hunt insects , and adopts acrobatic positions in order to capture its prey ( 6 ) . with its feet clinging to a branch in a vice - like grip , the gray slender loris can reach up with both arms to snatch an insect from the air , or hang down from the branch to pluck insects from the undergrowth ( 6 ) . often , the gray slender loris will silently stalk its prey , before reaching out to grab it , in a hunting manner that has been compared to a cat ( 6 ) .
the red slender loris differs from its close relative the grey slender loris in its frequent use of rapid arboreal movement . it forms small social groups , containing adults of both sexes as well as young animals . the red slender loris is among the most social of the nocturnal primates . during daylight hours the red slender loris sleeps in groups in branch tangles , or curled up on a branch with their heads between their legs . the groups also undertake mutual grooming and play at wrestling . the adults typically hunt separately during the night . the red slender loris is primarily insectivorous but also eat bird eggs , berries , leaves , buds and occasionally invertebrates as well as geckos and lizards . the red slender loris makes nests out of leaves or find hollows of trees or a similar secure place to live in .
müller , e . , u . nieschalk , b . meier . 1985 . thermoregulation in the slender loris ( loris tardigradus ) . folia primatologica , 44 / 3 - 4 : 216 - 226 .
other names : n . bengalensis : n . cinereus , n . incanus , n . tenasserimensis , bengal slow loris , bengal loris , northern slow loris ; n . coucang : n . brachycephalus , n . buku , n . hilleri , n . insularis , n . malaiana , n . natunae , n . sumatrensis , n . tardigradus , greater slow loris , slow loris , sunda slow loris ; loris lent ( french ) ; loris lento ( spanish ) ; tröglori ( swedish ) ; n . c . menagensis : n . menagensis , n . bancanus , n . borneanus , n . philippinus , bornean slow loris ; n . javanicus : n . ornatus , javan slow loris ; n . pygmaeus : n . intermedius , pygmy slow loris , lesser slow loris , pygmy loris ; dvärgtröglori , mindre tröglori ( swedish ) .
singh , m . , a . udhayan , m . kumar , h . kumara , d . lindburg . 1999 . status survey of slender loris loris tardigradus lydekkerianus in dindigul , tamil nadu , india .
the grey slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus ) is also found in india and sri lanka . its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests . it is threatened by habitat loss . the species used to be considered as loris tardigradus lydekkerianus but loris tardigradus is now a separate species found in sri lanka .
huxley , v . a . j . ( 2009 ) endangered slender loris needs conservation . current science , 96 ( 12 ) : 1563 .
where the population is more threatened in sri lanka , researchers are surveying new areas of forest in search for the gray slender loris . finding populations in previously unpopulated areas creates a better , more exact distributions map . maps like this determine which areas of forest need protection from development and deforestation .
kumara , h . , s . kumar , m . singh . 2005 . a novel foraging technique observed in slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus malabaricus ) . feeding on red ants in the western ghats , india .
raises its arms above its head and sways its slender body side to side .
slender lorises are illegally hunted exploited for traditional medicine and for the pet trade .
nekaris , k . a . i . ( 2005 ) foraging behaviour of the slender loris ( loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus ) : implications for theories of primate origins . journal of human evolution , 49 : 289 - 300 .
conservation efforts must balance trying to preserve populations while respecting local culture and tradition . gray slender lorises do not breed well in captivity due to their sensitive disposition , so figuring out how to preserve wild populations is a concern for researchers .
nekaris kai ( 2003 ) . observations on mating , birthing and parental care in three taxa of slender loris in india and sri lanka ( loris tardigradus and loris lydekkerianus ) . folia primatologica , supp . ( eds . s . gursky and kai nekaris ) 74 : 312 - 336 .
numerous human activities threaten the gray slender loris throughout its range . habitat loss has impacted this species in both sri lanka and india ( 1 ) , and the plantations that the loris can be found in are an unstable habitat , as they can be harvested at any time ( 4 ) . this nocturnal primate is also killed by road traffic , electrocuted on un - insulated power lines , captured for the pet trade ( 1 ) , and hunted for use in traditional medicines ( 1 ) ( 2 ) . in certain areas , such as the indian state of tamil nadu , people believe that oil taken from the flesh of the slender loris can treat tuberculosis and an extract of the loris ' eye can help cure eye diseases ( 2 ) ; these ' medicines ' have no scientific foundation and are contributing to the gray slender loris being reduced to small pockets of existence ( 2 ) .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
portlet
) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
urltoken
title =
arkive video - slender loris catching and eating a lizard
> < img src =
urltoken
alt =
arkive video - slender loris catching and eating a lizard
title =
arkive video - slender loris catching and eating a lizard
border =
0
/ > < / a >
nekaris , kai & rasmussen dt ( 2003 ) . diet of the slender loris . international journal of primatology 24 ( 1 ) : 33 - 46 .
hotel jetwing vil uyana , a resort in central sri lanka , spotted populations of the highlander gray slender loris near one of their development sites and immediately stopped construction and funded the area to be a conservational site . they have set an example for how the commercial industry can help this primate , rather than hurt it .
forests of the south western wet - zone of sri lanka . masmullah proposed forest reserve harbors one of few remaining red slender loris populations , and is considered a
nekaris kai & stephens nj ( 2007 ) . all lorises are not slow : rapid arboreal locomotion in the newly recognised red slender loris ( loris tardigradus tardigradus ) of southwestern sri lanka . american journal of primatology 69 : 112 - 120
this multidisciplinary project is taking place in the nifs sri lanka popham arboretum , near dambulla . the arboretum has asked us to develop its conservation strategies and improve its financial sustainability . we shall be teaming up with prof . mayuri wijesinghe and the university of colombo and the arboretum to conduct scientific and photographic research , to determine the size of the gray slender loris ( loris lydekkeriannus ssp . nordicus ) population .
nekaris kai ( 2003 ) . rediscovery of the slender loris in horton plains national park , sri lanka . asian primates 8 ( 03 ) : 1 - 7 .
eighty four sri lankan residents completed questionnaires , out of 110 potential respondents that were contacted . from these data we highlighted two species as finalists , red slender loris (
the gray slender loris is not monogamous , which means that they participate in a mating system in which they have more than one mating partner . during the few active times throughout the day and evening , the females spend part of the time looking after the newborn , who are dependent upon them for the first 10 weeks after birth .
nekaris kai ( 2001 ) . activity budget and positional behaviour of the mysore slender loris : implications for slow climbing locomotion . folia primatologica . 72 : 228 - 241 .
the slender loris . n . d . will barnes online . n . p . , n . d . web . 26 sept . 2010 . < urltoken > .
native people , or
indians . ( pause ) no , the other indians
, have always believed that all parts of the slender loris have some medicinal or magical powers . not just some parts , but all of them [ 13 ] . this , and the fast food restaurant loris king ' s delicious ‘bucket o’ loris meal’ (
the king says ‘they’re like eating all the joy out of the universe ! ’
) , has contributed greatly to the decline of the slender loris .
body parts of grey slender lorises are illegally sought for traditional medicine , with no proven efficacy .
ilse , d . , k . raschke . 1955 . olfactory marking of territory in two young male loris , loris tardigradus lydekkerianus , kept in captivity in poona .
radhakrishna , sindhu , and mewa singh . “social behaviour of the slender loris . ” folia primatologica 73 . 4 ( 2002 ) : 181 . web . 26 sept . 2010 .
kumara , h . n . , irfan - ullah , m . , & kumar , s . ( 2009 ) . mapping potential distribution of slender loris subspecies in peninsular india .
nekaris kai , liyanage wkdd & gamage s ( 2005 ) . relationship between forest structure and floristic composition and population density of the southwestern ceylon slender loris ( loris tardigradus tardigradus ) in masmullah forest , sri lanka . mammalia 69 ( 2 ) : 1 - 10 .
nekaris kai . ( 2005 ) . foraging behaviour of the slender loris : implications for theories of primate origins . journal of human evolution 49 : 289 - 300 . – cited 13 times
sri lanka is one of the world’s 36 biodiversity hotspots , making the arboretum a safe haven to a variety endemic species of birds , butterflies , dragonflies , spiders , reptiles and mammals including the endangered gray slender loris . this species of loris is only found in central and upland sri lanka and southern india . the arboretum’s vision is to conserve the tropical flora and fauna for the future generations to come , whilst facing the ongoing challenge of city expansion and local deforestation .
wildscreen arkive – the team have approached us about writing a set of blogs on nocturnal species documentary tips as well as content on conservation threats in sri lanka and those facing the slender loris .
nekaris , k . , d . rasmussen . 2003 . diet and feeding behavior of mysore slender lorises .
poachers trade slender lorises as pets to foreigners , but trade them for other slender lorises , pausing from their illegal trade to break from lavish song and dance numbers to break into other lavish song and dance numbers .
international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) red list of threatened species records that overall the gray slender loris is of
least concern .
this is due to a overall wide distribution of the species , a presumably large population , its tolerance of urban metropolitan areas , and the fact that the species has not seen a fast enough decline to presume that its population is being drastically affected .
the slender loris is a small , slender primate with large forward facing eyes used for precise depth perception . the slender loris has long slender limbs , a well developed index finger , no tail and large prominent ears , which are thin , rounded and hairless at the edges . the soft dense fur is reddish - brown colour on the back and the underside is whitish - grey with a sprinkling of silver hair . its body length on average is 7 – 10 inches ( 17 . 5 – 26 centimetres ) , with an average weight of a mere 3 – 13 ounces ( 85 – 350 grams ) .
appearance despite its name , each subspecies of gray slender loris can have variations in color . the subspecies found in india typically has thick grayish - brownish fur along her back , with a cream color along her underside and around the face , while a dark brown or black color surrounds the distinctively large amber brown eyes . the sri lankan species can differ in color and has been observed having a darker more reddish coat , with a cream color underside and a darker colored face . her face displays a more heart shape , and her ears are not as visible through thicker looking hair . they also have long , slender limbs and fingers .  all subspecies lack a prominent visible tail . the thumbs of the gray slender loris are widely separated from the rest of her hand , giving it a strong grasp and sturdy mobility . they have small , comb - like teeth with tilted incisors in the lower jaw .
singh , m . , m . kumar , h . kumara , s . mohnot . 2000 . distribution and conservation of slender lorises ( loris tardigradus lydekkerianus ) in southern andhra pradesh , south india .
behavior and lifestyle gray slender lorises are nocturnal primates , meaning they are most active at night . most loris species are completely solitary , however the gray slender loris is highly socially active . during the day , they sleep in social groups of up to seven . they form what researchers have called a
sleeping ball
or
sleeping pod ,
where they connect limbs and tangle up . during dusk hours they groom each other , which forms social bonds . this behavior is observed in several other species of primates . play between juvenile members of the group is common and includes jumping , chasing , and vocalizations . social activity is observed between adult males and females and between adults and juveniles , but hardly between adults of the same sex . this is most likely due to competition or group dynamics and group roles .
diet all subspecies have been observed to have an almost entirely insectivorous diet composed of ants and termites . they also consume a large variety of other arthropods , including other insects such as beetles , mollusks , spiders , and the occasional small vertebrate . the gray slender loris is able to use its long and slender fingers to forage for insects within trees and insect hives . the most common displayed hunting behavior is through visual detection , sniffing , smell , and ear retraction . they tend to have a very slow , meticulous approach to foraging . they use their strong grip with one hand to hold onto a branch or surface and the other to extract or grab the insect , crushing it in their hand . researchers have observed them directly consuming prey , rather than killing before consumption . diet plays a large role in the population density of these primates . there is positive correlation between density of gray slender lorises to density of insect populations . basically , where there are more insects or large insects hills , there are more gray slender lorises . while this may seem obvious , it shows that they do not always travel far distances to find food ; rather , they nest or stay closer to areas with more insects .
nekaris , k . a . i . “observation of mating , birthing and paretal behaviour in three subspecies of slender loris . ” folia primatologica ( 2003 ) : 9 - 14 . web . 26 sept . 2010 .
) have been noted as one potential predator of grey slender lorises . though these birds are too small to prey upon adults , infant slender lorises move to safer , more unexposed locations upon hearing the call of spotted owlets . domestic cats (
grey slender lorises are found in southern india and in central , north - central , and east - central sri lanka .
nekaris kai ( 2002 ) . slender in the night . natural history . 2 ( 02 ) : 54 - 59 .
abstract : the present study was undertaken to know the hair morphology of two indian lorises gray slender loris loris lydekkerianus and bengal slow loris nycticebus bengalensis . the laboratory study was conducted at the mammal & osteology section , zoological survey of india , kolkata during january – july 2016 . microscopic hair analysis of two lorises was done using an optical light microscope for its species identification . the hair of two lorises can easily be identified on basis of their ‘unicellular regular’ and ‘ladder’ structure of medulla and ‘oval or circular’ shape of the cross - section of hair . the high - resolution photo - micrographs and key characteristics of hair presented here can be used as an appropriate reference for species identification .
gray slender lorises ( loris lydekkerianus ) are 1 of 2 nocturnal primate genera occurring in india . although the distribution and abundance of the species is known for some parts of southern india , the relative distribution of the 2 subspecies , loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus and l . l . malabaricus , and their comparative densities and extent of overlap between their distributions remains largely unknown . we investigated the distribution pattern and relative density of slender lorises in the western ghats mountain range in the state of kerala in southern india . we surveyed 36 forest ranges in 17 forest divisions of northern and central kerala from february to november 2009 for the presence of lorises . we sighted slender lorises in 22 forest ranges in a variety of vegetation types , and the relative abundance of the species ranged from 0 . 02 to 1 . 44 lorises / km . our results confirm that both loris subspecies are present in kerala : mysore slender lorises have a narrow patchy distribution on the eastern edges of the western ghats mountain range , and malabar slender lorises have a fairly contiguous distribution on the western slopes of the western ghats . we recommend more detailed surveys in southern kerala to identify the distribution patterns of the subspecies in these areas .
unlike other members of the loris family , the gray slender loris is not as popular in the illegal pet trade . researchers have observed cases of humans hunting them near urban populations , however . their proximity to urban areas make them susceptible to dangerous highways and unprotected power lines . their ability to live in commercial agricultural fields and plantations makes them susceptible to farmers harvesting their crops . they have also been reported to be hunted and used for traditional medicine in the tamil nadu region of india , although research has concluded that there is no scientific foundation for them to be used medicinally .
slender lorises are considered to be vulnerable by the 2000 iucn red list . the red slender loris is an endangered species . habitat destruction is a major threat . it is widely trapped and killed for use in supposed remedies for eye diseases and also for use as laboratory animals . other threats include : electrocution on live wires , road accidents and the pet trade .
in tamil nadu state of india in the kollimalai region ( home of tamil nadu state university [ 15 ] ) , illegal poaching of the slender loris , also called “devangu” in tamil , “pelzarten primat mit riesigen augen” in german , or “muckanaghederdauhaulia” [ 16 ] in gaelic , is almost as popular as the vigorous government clampdown [ 17 ] on it . in andhra pradesh , poachers call the slender loris
lilliput
which , if anything , makes them even more adorable .
the first part of the team will conduct scientific research on the behaviour of the declining slender loris population . the aim is to assess if and how tourism and other factors , such as urban encroachment , are impacting on a local scale . the results will allow us and the arboretum to develop a management strategy for the loris , the arboretum’s primary attraction .
nekaris , kai ( 2006 ) . the social lives of mysore slender lorises . american journal of primatology 68 : 1 - 12 .
slender lorises are so tasty that even they can ' t help but take a bite out of themselves every once in a while .
loris tardigradus malabaricus [ 5 ] is a subspecies of the slender loris which is only found in india , making three of the two that jerk sources credit as only one . the greatest concentrations of these slender lorises are found in the southeastern ghats of india . the ghats are a narrow strip of rainforest that runs down the length of western india . the ghats are also a wide strip of rainforest that runs down the length of western india , but they don ' t like to brag .
primate conservation project sri lanka is a nonprofit group that has done research and surveys to protect the gray slender loris , and has been funded by major institutions such as the national zoo , conservation international , and disney nature . researchers in india have suggested that speed breakers be put in roads that run through important habitats . tree bridges across busy roads have also been raised as a possibility to reduce risk of road kill . further conservation is dependent on more research and a better understanding of the species .
it is not clear how many slender lorises survive in the wild . because of their small size and nocturnal habits , it has been difficult to do an accurate count . plus they won ' t stand still for a group photo ( unless they’re threatened , but then the photo is filled with terrified slender lorises which , while countable , is devastatingly soul crushing ) . until recently not much attention has been paid to the plight of the slender loris [ 14 ] , but new interest has been shown in their species and studies are under way , particularly studies that involve feeding them jelly beans and rubbing their furry bellies . the indian government has laws protecting the slender loris , but their effects are difficult to gauge , due to their nocturnal habits and small size .
gray a , wirdateti , nekaris kai . ( 2015 ) . use of exudate - based enrichment to improve the welfare of captive slow lorises ( nycticebus ) rescued from the illegal pet trade in indonesia . endangered species research . 27 : 21 - 29 .
the gray slender loris is not large in size . on average , all four subspecies measure at about 7 . 75 - 9 . 4 in ( 20 . 5 - 23 . 8 cm ) in body length , and can weigh between . 18 and . 35 lbs ( 85 - 150 g ) . they have relatively small limbs at an average length of 1 . 65 - 2 . 15 in ( 4 . 91 - 5 . 46 cm ) . their lifespan has not been widely researched , but based on lifespans of other related slender lorises , it is believed that they can live up to 16 years in the wild and perhaps up to 26 years in captivity .
k . anne - isola nekaris , wasantha k . d . d . liyanage , saman n . gamage ( july 2005 ) .
influence of forest structure and composition on population density of the red slender loris loris tardigradus tardigradus in masmullah proposed forest reserve , sri lanka
. mammalia 69 ( 2 ) : 201–210 . doi : 10 . 1515 / mamm . 2005 . 017 .
some sources list only one species , loris tardigradus and regard subspecies of lydekkerianus as subspecies instead of tardigradus . [ 3 ]
the slender loris spends the day curled up in a tight ball . it approaches prey slowly and carefully , before reaching out and grabbing it with both hands . slender lorises mostly feed on insects , but they also eat shoots , fruits , leaves , flowers , eggs and small mammals , birds and reptiles . to maximize protein and nutrient intake they consume every part of their prey , including the scales and bones .
stewart muir , head of collections for newquay zoo – stewart muir has also expressed his support for the project and allowed us to interview him and to film at newquay zoo . the team have been offered further access and information on the slender loris to further the project .
madani g & nekaris kai ( 2014 ) anaphylactic shock following the bite of a wild kayan slow loris ( nycticebus kayan ) : implications for slow loris conservation . journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases , 20 ( 1 ) , 43 .
nekaris kai and stengel c . ( 2013 ) where are they ? quantification , distribution and microhabitat use of fragments by the red slender loris in sri lanka . in marsh l and chapman c ( ed . ) : primates in fragments ii . oxford university press : oxford .
maxent - generated predicted and remnant distributions of loris tardigradus tardigradus and prionailurus viverrinus , the two taxa with the highest overlap efficiency .
the red slender loris differ from its close relative the gray slender loris in its frequent use of rapid arboreal locomotion . it forms small social groups , containing adults of both sexes as well as young animals . this species is among the most social of the nocturnal primates . during daylight hours the animals sleep in groups in branch tangles , or curled up on a branch with their heads between their legs . the groups also undertake mutual grooming and play at wrestling . the adults typically hunt separately during the night . they are primarily insectivorous but also eat bird eggs , berries , leaves , buds and occasionally invertebrates as well as geckos and lizards . to maximize protein and nutrient uptake they consume every part of their prey , including the scales and bones . they make nests out of leaves or find hollows of trees or a similar secure place to live in .
has been expanded to an unknown extent due to the careless collection and distribution of plant materials . grey slender lorises are sometimes inadvertently transported with plant materials .
, has a less delicate appearance , and is more heavily furred , especially on the limbs . it weighs up to 227 g and has a head - body length between 209 mm and 256 mm . dorsal fur is gray and ventral fur is white . frosting is much more pronounced than in
nekaris kai , jaffe s , donati g . ( 2012 ) forest fragmentation imperils red slender lorises ( loris tardigradus tardigradus ) in south - western sri lanka . in ( masters j , genin f , crompton r ) : leaping ahead : advances in prosimian biology , springer : new york .
nekaris , k . a . i . ( 2006 ) social lives of adult mysore slender lorises . american journal of primatology , 68 : 1171 - 1182 .
nekaris kai & jayewardene j ( 2004 ) . distribution of slender lorises in four ecological zones in sri lanka . journal of zoology 262 : 1 - 12 .
has gray body color , a narrow circumocular patch , and a broad white rim between the dark preauricular hair and circumocular patch . the subspecies is generally larger in mass , with males weighing approximately 260 grams and females weighing 275 grams . the head length , body length , and head breadth are larger in
nekaris kai , shepherd cs , starr cs , nijman v . ( 2010 ) . exploring cultural drivers for trade via an ethnoprimatological approach : a case study of slow and slender lorises ( nycticebus and loris ) in south and southeast asia . american journal of primatology . 71 : 1 - 10 .
the ears are less prominent in l . tardigradus tardigradus compared to loris lydekkerianus . the ears of l . tardigradus nycticeboides are almost invisible .
we aim to document the behaviours of the decreasing population and the potential threats ; using point counts and habitat surveys , to devise strategies to combat this . we will use our photography and videography talent to build a media bank that will be used to promote the arboretum . it will also be used by ruk rakaganno ( the sri lanka tree society ) and other sri lankan authorities to protect the gray slender loris and its habitat for the future , as well as ngos back in the u . k such as wildscreen exchange based in bristol . we will disseminate our findings through our report and papers published in scientific journals .
slender lorises breed twice a year , usually between may and december . the female slender loris typically gives birth to one offspring , but sometimes two . females are dominant . the female reaches her sexual maturity at 10 months and is receptive to the male twice a year . the slender lorises mate while hanging upside down from branches . individuals in captivity will not breed if no suitable branch is available . the gestation period is 166 – 169 days after which the female will bear 1 – 2 young which feed from her for 6 – 7 months . the life span of this species is believed to be around 15 – 18 years in the wild .
the slender loris eats a lot of noxious and bad smelling insects , like toxic beetles ( or “teetles” ) and poisonous roaches ( “poaches” ) , but they particularly like the acacia ant ( “aant” ) whose bite can numb a human arm which is mentioned here for no reason because slender lorises don’t have human arms . they can stretch and twist their long limbs through the branches without alerting their prey , much like a mime doing “trying to catch and eat something that will taste awful” .
subspecies are affected by habitat destruction specifically caused by human encroachment . the destruction of primary and secondary forest , the reduction of forest cover , the use of forest for agriculture , and the formation of fragmented forest patches impede the success of the grey slender loris . the species is also threatened by hunting and trapping for use in traditional medicine . a reduction in habitat loss , the establishment of corridors between fragmented forest patches , and greater anti - hunting efforts are necessary for the continued survival of the grey slender lorises . because of their sensitivity , grey slender lorises do not breed well in captivity , making their conservation in the wild a particularly urgent concern .
nic dunn , director and julie matthews , educational officer for shaldon wildlife trust – both nic dunn and julie matthews have shown their support for the project by allowing us to film and research their slender loris . shaldon wildlife trus t is already supporting the little fireface project and have offered access and information for future reference .
. ventral fur is yellowish . patches around the eyes are chestnut colored , and the interocular stripe rarely bifurcates above the eyes . females are larger than males and have a brown color , with little or no red . infants are gray dorsally and white ventrally . subadult males have female - like coloration and gradually become more red .
nekaris kai , starr cr ( 2015 ) . conservation and ecology of the neglected slow loris : priorities and prospects . esr 28 : 87 - 95
das n , nekaris kai , bhattacharjee pc ( 2014 ) . medicinal plant exudativory by the bengal slow loris nycticebus bengalensis esr 23 : 149 - 15
nekaris , a . ( 2008 ) . loris tardigradus . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 1 january 2009 .
is the smallest slender loris , weighing from 128 g to 142 g and with a head - body length not exceeding 206 mm . dorsal pelage is red to reddish - brown , darkest on the shoulders and paler on the lower back and pelvis . the fur of the lower back may be slightly frosted , but less so than
respond with extreme aversion to brachial gland exudate when it is mixed with loris saliva , but not when it is presented alone . other researchers identified proteins in the brachial exudate with regions of 70 % sequence similarity to a known felid allergen . no studies have investigated the composition or function of brachial gland exudate in slender lorises , but
although they forage alone , slender lorises sleep in groups of 2 – 4 . they spend the day sleeping in a tight ball up a tree and become active in the evening .
there is no information available regarding the ecological role of slender lorises . they prey heavily on insects , but they are not common anywhere and it is doubtful that they control populations .
kitson h , nekaris kai ( 2017 ) . instragram fueled slow loris trade uncovered in marmaris , turkey . oryx . doi : 10 . 1017 / s0030605317000692
kumara , h . , m . singh , s . kumar . 2006 . distribution , habitat correlates , and conservation of loris lydekkerianus in karnataka , india .
nijman v , nekaris kai , das n , zhang m ( 2015 ) slow loris arm key - rings . oryx , 49 ( 03 ) , 391 - 391
nekaris , a . 2010 .
loris tardigradus
( on - line ) . iucn red list of threatened species . accessed april 11 , 2011 at urltoken .
also recommended is the implementation of speed breakers on roads that run through critical loris habitat , in order to reduce the number of road deaths , plus the planting of trees to link forest patches , which will reduce the chance of a loris either travelling across a road , or using a powerline which risks electrocution ( 7 ) . an educaion programme has been launched in sri lanka which aims to increase the public ' s awareness of the slender loris ( 1 ) , but further public awareness campaigns are needed in other parts of this species ' range . this , combined with strong measures against offenders , will hopefully lessen the numbers of lorises that are killed through needless hunting ( 7 ) .
is a small ( 127 g - 256 g ) primate with long , gracile limbs , a slender body , and no tail . its face is characterized by prominent ears , a short rostrum , and large , forward - oriented eyes with hazel - brown irises . distinctive patches of dark fur surround the eyes , and a white stripe runs from forehead to nose . the coloration of circumocular patches and the shape of the interocular stripe are used to distinguish subspecies . the rostrum is sharply pointed and ends in a moist , naked rhinarium . slender loris ears ( both
. however , the slender lorises are the only species within the family that have also been observed moving quickly ; the slender loris species have been seen running and engaging in short jumps , though these kinds of fast movements are rare . the generally slow speed and silent motions protect the species against detection by predators that rely on visual or auditory cues . for this reason , particularly slow movements are used while moving across open ground between discontinuous substrates . the slow locomotor strategy also aids in food acquisition ; particularly slow movements are used immediately before catching fast moving insect prey .
to cite this page : nishimura , a . 2012 .
loris lydekkerianus
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
poindexter sa , nekaris kai ( 2017 ) ontogeny of locomotor behaviour and body size in the javan slow loris . journal of mammalian biology . 87 : 40 - 49 .
slender lorises are primarily insectivorous , specializing to some extent on toxic and unsavory species . particularly noxious insects are eaten with evident distaste , and insects which spray irritant chemicals are removed from their colonies and eaten some distance away , while the loris salivates gratuitously , shakes its head , and shuts its eyes . evidence suggests that volatile chemicals ingested with insect food might be reused by lorises as a kind of olfactory camouflage . foraging lorises are frequently observed wash themselves in urine before approaching toxic insects , perhaps in order to mask their own scent . the hunting style of slender lorises and other
grey slender lorises survive in a wide variety of habitats including dry forest , wet forest , montane forest , rainforest , and scrub forest . within these habitats , the ideal environment for this largely arboreal species contains plentiful oblique and horizontal surfaces for climbing , feeding , and mating . grey slender lorises are found in many ecological zones including wet zones , low dry zones , and low country zones . the range of
nekaris , a . , singh , m . & kumar chhangani , a . 2008 . loris lydekkerianus . the iucn red list of threatened species 2008 : e . t44722a10942453 .
reproduction : the mating period of the slender loris lasts from april to may as well as from october to november . females , who become sexually mature at 12 to 15 months , have an estrus swelling lasting only 24 hours . males become sexually mature at about 15 months as well . the gestation period is about 166 days , after which one infant is born although twins are not uncommon .
reinhardt kd , wirdateti , nekaris kai ( 2016 ) climate - mediated activity of the javan slow loris , nycticebus javanicus . aims environmental science . 3 ( 2 ) 249 - 260
historically , sri lanka would have been covered in forest , excluding the extreme highlands , with the centre of the island occupied by dry monsoon forest . much of sri lanka has been deforested for economic prosperity , in most cases for the for lucrative tea trade in the 1800s , but in more recent times for palm oil industry . this has left the popham arboretum as an island oasis of the dry monsoon forest in a desert of deforestation , protected only by the forethought of sam popham in the 1960s . the popham principle restored a disused tea plantation to primary forest , which is now the only remaining fragment in central sri lanka . it is important for the both the wildlife of sri lanka , as well the people of sri lanka to protect their remaining forests . project loris aims to find practical ways to protect the gray slender loris and sustain the arboretum’s rewilding practices through ecotourism , sri lanka’s natural future hinges on finding ways to promote endangered and threatened species as well as fund their protection .
everything eats them . everything . even herbivorous animals ( species that only eat things like coriander and parsley ) and mythical creatures ( like hippalectryons and armenians ) will take a bite out of one , if given the chance . chances come up often , as the slender loris’ primary defense is to stand perfectly still , which works about as well in not - being - eaten as it does in boxing .
loris lydekkerianus nordicus s is known to occur in at least seven distinct populations ( nekaris and jayewardene 2003 ) . nekaris and jayewardene ( 2004b ) carried out a survey of slender lorises in sri lanka . population densities of animal were estimated using the animal encounter rate , or ‘sightings’ per km . loris lydekkerianus grandis had a density of 0 . 11 to 3 . 3 animals / km , with an overall density of 0 . 42 animals / km , while loris lydekkerianus nordicus were recorded at a density of 0 . 33 to 3 . 5 animals / km , with an overall density of 3 . 65 animals / km . in some localities of the eastern ghats , karnataka and andhra pradesh , the population densities of loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianu s are rather high , although not as high as in dindigul region ( singh et al . 2000 ; m . singh pers . comm . ) . the encounter rate for l . l . malabaricus is 0 . 21 animals / km .


kozlov 's shrew ( sorex kozlovi ) is a red-toothed shrew found only at the mekong river , tibet , china .

this shrew listed as a " data deficient " .

kozlov ' s shrew

kozlov ' s shrew is possibly aquatic given the river location where the species is recorded ( iucn 2004 ) .
kozlov ' s shrew is restricted to relatively small patches of suitable habitat that are declining because of human encroachment ( nowak 1999 ) .
kozlov ' s shrew is one of the species that live in the mountains of southwest china biodiversity hotspot ( cons . intl . ) .
* * * the taxonomic status of kozlov ' s shrew is uncertain . some consider it to be a full species , while others consider it to be a subspecies of the tibetan shrew , sorex thibetanus .
kozlov ' s shrew has been found only at one location in eastern tibet , china , in the vicinity of the zi qu river , a tributary of the mekong river ( lancang jiang ) .
worldcat is the world ' s largest library catalog , helping you find library materials online . learn more ››
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
the cheng’s jird is a small rodent species that belongs to the muridae family , a term derived from the latin
mus
, meaning
mouse
. this species is also commonly referred to as cheng’s gerbil . although not technically listed as endangered , cheng’s jird is listed here because it is endemic to china . it can only be found in the eastern region of the xinjiang province and only above 3 , 280 feet above sea level . this area provides its preferred habitat of semi - desert and xeric grasslands , where it creates underground burrows .
the taxonomic status of this species requires investigation . it is still considered by some authors to be a subspecies of sorex thibetanus or s . buchariensis ( hutterer 2005 ) . hutterer ( 2005 ) separates s . buchariensis , kozlovi , planiceps , and thibetanus on the basis of differences in dentition , but suggests that a complete analysis of these species is needed to resolve their taxonomic arrangement .
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
comments : subgenus sorex , s . minutus group . type species of subgenus eurosorex stroganov , 1952 . known for long from a single specimen , until a near - topotype ( usnm 449080 ) was obtained in 1987 ( hoffmann , 1996a ) . regarded as a subspecies of thibetanus by some authors ( dolgov and hoffmann , 1977 ; hoffmann , 1987 , 1996a , b ) or included in buchariensis by others ( corbet , 1978c ; gureev , 1979 ) . hutterer ( 1979 ) recognized inconsistencies in the various published figures and descriptions of the same holotype sp . . .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this species is listed as data deficient because it is known only from the type locality , and there is continuing uncertainty regards its taxonomic status , and no recent information on its extent of occurrence , population status or ecological requirements .
this species is only known from a tributary of the mekong river , dze - chyu ( zi qu ) river , in tibet , china ( hutterer 2005 ) .
there are no known conservation measures in place for this species . it is not known if the species is present in any protected areas . further studies are needed into the taxonomy , distribution , abundance , natural history and threats to this species .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
your web browser is not enabled for javascript . some features of worldcat will not be available .
your list has reached the maximum number of items . please create a new list with a new name ; move some items to a new or existing list ; or delete some items .
note : citations are based on reference standards . however , formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study . the specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher , classroom teacher , institution or organization should be applied .
the e - mail address ( es ) field is required . please enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
the e - mail address ( es ) you entered is ( are ) not in a valid format . please re - enter recipient e - mail address ( es ) .
i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
please choose whether or not you want other users to be able to see on your profile that this library is a favorite of yours .
this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
add tags for
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference
.
you may have already requested this item . please select ok if you would like to proceed with this request anyway .
don ' t have an account ? you can easily create a free account .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 3 . 2 / / en
1 . profile ( picture ) 2 . tidbits 3 . status and trends ( iucn status , countries where currently found , history of distribution , threats and reasons for decline ) 4 . data on biology and ecology ( size and weight , habitat , age to maturity , gestation period , maximum age , diet , behavior , social organization ) 5 . references
* * * shrews in the genus sorex are also known as
long - tailed shrews .
the 68 species in this genus can be found in most of the temperate and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere .
* * * almost nothing is known about this species ( stone 1995 ) .
shrews in the genus sorex vary in size ( head and body length : 46 - 100 mm ( 1 . 8 - 4
) ) and weight ( 2 . 1 - 18 g ( 0 . 08 - 0 . 6 oz ) ) .
gestation in the genus sorex is thought to range from 18 - 26 days ( nowak 1999 ) .
shrews in the genus sorex usually eat insects , worms and other small invertebrates .
shrews in the genus sorex can be active by day or night and do not become seasonally inactive . they have periods of deep sleep , but during their waking hours they are extremely active . the young sometimes travel by caravaning . ( nowak 1999 )
shrews in the genus sorex are generally solitary and highly aggressive towards each other .
© 1999 - 2014 animal info . endangered animals of the world . sj contact us .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
biokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright © 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
picture has been licensed under a creative commons attribution sharealike license original source : base map derived from file : blankmap - world . png . distribution data from iucn red list author : chermundy
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2
with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer
sadly , several species of primates , rodents , aquatic mammals , large cats , wolves , bears , and ungulates alike face the possibility of extinction in china .
china is one of the 17
megadiverse
countries of our world . outside of the global tropical range , china has the largest number of diverse species in each category of vertebrates , including reptiles , amphibians , birds , fish , and mammals . in total , there are approximately 7 , 516 vertebrate species living here . of these , an estimated 840 are endangered , threatened , or vulnerable . china is the number 3 country in the world for mammal diversity with 562 species . this article takes a look at some of the critically endangered mammals in this country .
the white - headed langur can be divided into two subspecies , both of which are considered to be critically endangered . the leucocephalus is the subspecies found in china in the guangxi autonomous region , where it prefers the moist , tropical rainforest habitat . this old world monkey species can be identified by its black color with white heads , cheeks , and neck . it can grow to around 19 inches in height with a tail that reaches 33 inches in length . this langur species lives in groups that typically consist of one male , various females , and their young . the population of the white - headed langur has declined over 80 % over the last 36 years . this rapid decline is largely due to demand in the traditional medicine industry , which values these monkeys for their supposed ability to treat health problems , including erectile dysfunction .
the eastern black crested gibbon can be found in parts of southern china , with their ranges extending into vietnam as well . in total , between 45 and 47 individuals have been recorded , only 10 of which live in china . between 1960 and 2000 , researchers believed the eastern black crested gibbon was extinct due to a lack of reported sightings . the previously mentioned population was discovered in 2002 . today , it is considered one of the most endangered primates in the world . its decline has been attributed to habitat loss , specifically deforestation . its very limited habitat range continues to be at risk due to demands for increased agriculture , livestock grazing , firewood , and charcoal .
a more complete list of critically endangered chinese mammals can be found in the table below .
the vast majority of the mammals on this list are protected by the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora ( cites ) . in order to conserve these mammal species , the government of china has proposed establishing some conservation areas to prevent further habitat loss . additionally , various nonprofits have partnered with local governments in order to promote sustainable agricultural practice and educate the public in regard to the importance of conservation . because much of the deforestation occurs to meet the demand for firewood and charcoal , some efforts in renewable energy projects have begun to reduce the need for these resources .


synodontis ouemeensis is a species of upside-down catfish native to the ogun , ouémé and mono river basins of nigeria , benin and togo .

this species grows to a length of 15 centimetres ( 5.9 in ) sl .

synodontis ouemeensis

froese , rainer and pauly , daniel , eds . ( 2014 ) .
synodontis ouemeensis
in fishbase . may 2014 version .
synodontis : from the greek syn , meaning together , and odontos , meaning tooth ; in reference to the closely - spaced lower jaw teeth .
musschoot , t . and p . lalèyè , 2008 . designation of a neotype for synodontis schall ( bloch and schneider , 1801 ) and description of two new species of synodontis ( siluriformes : mochokidae ) . j . nat . hist . 42 ( 17 - 18 ) : 1303 - 1331 . ( ref . 78220 )
all species in the genus synodontis have a hardened head cap that has attached a process ( humeral process ) which is situated behind the gill opening and pointed towards the posterior . the dorsal fin and pectoral fins have a hardened first ray which is serrated . caudal fin is always forked . there is one pair of maxillary barbels , sometimes having membranes and occasionally branched . the two pairs of mandibular barbels are often branched and can have nodes attached . the cone - shaped teeth in the upper jaw are short . s - shaped and movable in the lower jaw . these fish produce audible sounds when disturbed rubbing the base of the pectoral spine against the pectoral girdle .
greek , syn , symphysis = grown together + greek , odous = teeth ( ref . 45335 )
named for the oueme river ( benin ) , along which the type locality is situated .
africa : ogun ( nigeria ) , oueme ( benin ) and mono ( togo ) basins .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 15 . 7 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 78220 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01380 ( 0 . 00613 - 0 . 03110 ) , b = 2 . 95 ( 2 . 77 - 3 . 13 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 9 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 22 of 100 ) .
157mm or 6 . 2
sl . find near , nearer or same sized spp .
first lay the fish in your hand with its head toward your palm and the tail toward your fingers . hold the dorsal spine between your middle and ring finger so the fish is belly up and you won ' t get stuck ( which by the way , hurts like crazy ! ) . the genital pore is in a small furrow of tissue ( in healthy fish ) and will be obstructed by the pelvic fins . pull down on the tail gently to arch the fishes spine and the pelvic fins will stand and the furrow open to display the genital pore and the anus of the fish . the male has a somewhat ridged genital papillae on which the spermatoduct is on the back side , facing the tail fin . a gravid female will also show an extended papillae but the oviduct is on the ventral side of the papillae ( and may also show a little redness if really gravid ) . a thin or emaciated female will have just two pink pores , the oviduct and the anus .
journal of natural history v . 42 ( no . 17 ) , pp1309 , fig . 7 .
( 1 ) jippo ( k : 2 ) . click on a username above to see all that persons registered catfish species . you can also view all
my cats
data for this species .
get or print a qr code for this species profile , or try our beta label creator .
has this page been useful ? please donate to our monthly hosting costs and keep us free for everyone to enjoy ! explore our youtube channel , facebook page or follow us on twitter .
© 1996 - 2018 urltoken , part of the aquatic republic network group of websites . all rights reserved . cite this website . by accessing this site you agree to our terms and conditions of use . our privacy policy .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
this page is based on a wikipedia article written by authors ( here ) . text is available under the cc by - sa 3 . 0 license ; additional terms may apply . images , videos and audio are available under their respective licenses .


noordodes magnificalis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by rothschild in 1916 .

it is found in indonesia where it has been recorded from irian jaya .

the wingspan is 23 – 28 mm .

the forewings are canary yellow , the coastal area and final margin broadly steel purple .

there is a steel purple median blotch from below the cell to the inner margin .

the hindwings are buff , but the basal part of the lower half is canary yellow with two broad streaks and a narrow terminal edge of steel purple .

noordodes magnificalis

this is the place for magnificalis definition . you find here magnificalis meaning , synonyms of magnificalis and images for magnificalis copyright 2017 © urltoken
this is the place for noordodes definition . you find here noordodes meaning , synonyms of noordodes and images for noordodes copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word magnificalis . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word magnificalis and , of course , magnificalis synonyms and on the right images related to the word magnificalis .
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word noordodes . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word noordodes and , of course , noordodes synonyms and on the right images related to the word noordodes .
in sri lanka . and on sumbawa .
globiz search
. . .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en