kennaquhair was an australian bred thoroughbred racehorse that won the sydney cup ( in record time ) , and the ajc metropolitan handicap as well as finishing second in the 1918 melbourne cup .

kennaquhair ( horse )

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south wales by bill stringer , who h . . . . . . kennaquhair was trained at walcha ,
3 minutes 25¾ se . . . . . . e noted equine artist , martin stainforth . [ 10 ] in 1921 kennaquhair starred as
red thespian ( njc cameron handicap ) . . . . . . . litan handicap etc . [ 3 ] racing record kennaquhair was trained at walcha ,
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it ' s always good when a wa horse does well in the eastern states or abroad .
a wonderful horse , always in top company . a real trier no matter what he was thrown in
kennaquhair ( aus ) ch c 1914 , kenilworth ( fr ) - calluna . 72 starts , 10 wins including the 1918 ajc metropolitan handicap and 1920 ajc sydney cup in … | pinteres…
the movie was shot in and around sydney , including at randwick racecourse and at camden , with interiors at e . j . carroll ' s studio at palmerston in waverly . footage was taken involving an aeroplane , one of the first australian movies to do so . the champion race horse kennaquhair appears .
* the highest weigted horse of the other six runners carried 45kg so david conceded the field at least 18kg .
just a handful or so years later another horse produced a remarkably similar record . kennaquhair raced successively in 1918 - 19 - 20 , finishing second , 10th and fifth . his weights were 9 . 0 ( 57 ) ; 9 . 5 ( 59 . 5 ) and 9 . 8 ( 61 ) .
15 stakes winners that won 36 stakes . . . . . . on 36 stakes races , including wolaroi , which had 12 stakes wins . [ 2 ] kennaquhair was a brother to kenaluna , dam
it takes a special type of horse to keep performing well in the cup … a race that takes no prisoners .
silks and saddles is a 1921 australian film set in the world of horse racing directed by john k . wells .
kennaquhair ( literally ,
know - not - where
in scots ) is an imaginary locality in walter scott ' s novels the monastery and the abbot . in t . h . white ' s the sword in the stone , kennaquhair is the land of athene , mother - goddess of the owls , and is located at the doubly impossible co - ordinates of 91 degrees north and 181 degrees west .
kennaquhair ( literally , ` know - not - where ` in scots ) is an imaginary locality in walter scott ` s novels the monastery and the abbot . in t . h . white ` s the sword in the stone , kennaquhair is the land of athene , mother - goddess of the owls , and is located at the doubly impossible co - ordinates of 91 degrees north and 181 degrees west . . . .
i can account for 79 starts 24 wins 19 seconds and 7 thirds . an extremely consistent horse with an exciting racing style .
poitrel had dead heated with another topline galloper in kennaquhair in the ajc spring stakes , before winning the randwick plate . greenstead had won the epsom - craven plate double and both were in peakcondition fitness wise for the much anticipated clash .
- 3 9 / 11 / 1918 . nk x hd flemington , vrc c b fisher plate 12f . 2414m . 9 . 4 . 59kg 2 . 32 . 5 7 / 2 . kennaquhair 9 . 0 3 / 1 1st
the chelmsford was chosen for his debut . other runners in the field included rebus , kennaquhair , poitrel , woorawa , red fox and the destroyer . at the barrier tapes gloaming was toey and kept looking around instead of concentrating on lining up . as the tapes lifted he swung sideways missing the start ultimately tailing the field on settling . once racing though he started to make ground and in the straight flew past the field to win by 8 lengths from rebus with kennaquhair third . in winning he became the first 3yo horse to win the race on debut and one of the first horses to win at weight for age at their first start .
legend has it that a ship set sail from new zealand and had sailed nearly all the way to liverpool when a terrific storm blew up in the irish sea . when it became obvious that the ship was going to sink the captain let the horse out of his box to roam free on deck , as he could not be put in a life boat . the ship sank beneath the waves and the horse was presumed dead  but then a local fishing boat called at an uninhabited island and the first mate heard a whinny . the crew searched the tiny island and found an exhausted horse near to the waters edge . they managed to get the horse on board , and took him back to the mainland . when a local reporter heard the story and printed it . when the horses trainer heard of the story he went to claim his horse . it was later claimed in the same paper that the horse had swam for over 50 miles to safety and gone on to win the national ! the story spread , gaining momentum as it went , and soon the american press had picked it up , assuming that the shipwrecked horse had been the winner of the 1904 grand national .
there are many legends surrounding the grand national but none stranger or incorrect than that of shipwrecked horse moifaa , the grand national winner of 1904 .
he was a similar sort of horse to all shot that came home with a withering run , sometimes from last , and was particularly fond of moonee valley .
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the last horse to carry 63 . 5 kgs or more in the cup was galilee in 1968 , when he finished eighth with 10 . 1 ( 64 ) .
at last the actual hoof falls of a horse at gallop were clearly revealed and the era of the ' hovering horse ' had come to an end . . . except that there was a good deal of resistance to muybridge ' s revelation and horses were still be depicted as flying by some artists to the end of the century .
mrs edith widdis became the first female to own a melbourne cup winner after her horse , patrobas rode to victory with jockey bobbie lewis . the colt was also the first horse to receive the triple crown of the caulfield guineas , vrc derby and melbourne cup . this race would be lewis’ 19 th ride as a melbourne cup jockey .
tontonan , congratulations , absolutely wonderful piece of work by you to capture such historical memories of australian horse racing . my hat goes off to you , my good man .
flying halo was leased by waubra storekeeper pe collins from the mckellar sisters , and he certainly got his money ' s worth . the horse was barely out of work .
eurythmic , as the horse was called , had arrived at mordialloc , victoria , in may , 1920 , and was housed at the stables of leading victorian trainer jack holt .
i know a lot of people think northerly is wa ' s best horse but i think that eurythmic ' s record is as good as northerly ' s - maybe better .
the weights horses are being asked to carry has changed significantly . with horse flesh now so expensive , handicappers are reluctant to submit them to the back - breaking weights of yesteryear .
currently only the colonial gallery and the melbourne cup gallery link to the horse profile pages but as the catalogue of horses grows with the project they will all link up in time .
the 1904 grand national did have a shipwrecked horse in the race , but it wasnt the winner , simply another horse bound for aintree . moifaa along with 3 other horses had boarded a steamship for england and by sheer co - incidence another steamship was england bound at around the same time carrying a couple of horses due to take part in the race at aintree
you know i was only a youngster but the thought of fancying a horse carrying more than 10st ( 63 . 5kg ) didn’t faze me . probably learned some sense since then 🙂 .
moifaa wasnt a pretty horse . at 17 hands , he was big and strong with a plain head and had been described as having the head and shoulders of a camel . i would never ride that ugly looking bloody thing !  was the reaction of gollans daughter when she first saw him . but despite the ugliness of the horse his placid temperament soon won her over .
before red cadeaux , the record of the best performed horse to never win the cup belonged to shadow king , whose record is still phenomenal to this day , never finishing worse than sixth .
since then no horse has been asked to carry more than 59 kgs : vinnie roe in 2002 ( 4th ) , yeats in 2006 ( 7th ) and dunaden in 2012 ( 14th ) .
of course , there is a fourth horse who won two cups , peter pan , who was successful in 1932 and 1934 , carrying 9 . 10 ( 61 . 5 ) at his second success .
in 2010 , only one horse carried over 57 kgs , while all the remaining horses were weighted over 51 kgs . clearly , the melbourne cup is today a quality handicap with a compressed weights range .
interestingly enough , as a yearling in 1916 , poitrel failed to reach his reserve of 300 guineas at a sale and it wasn’t until he was three years old that the horse showed his true potential .
it seemed that kiora had been drowned but somehow the horse had broken free and managed to swim to mouille point where he landed on a shallow reef . the following day locals found the horse alive and exhausted , and eventually he continued his journey to england where he ran in the 1904 national alongside moifaa . somehow the two horses became confused through the press and the myth of a shipwrecked national winner was born .
on new years day 1919 gloaming met 3 opponents in the great northern derby and easily defeated kilmoon with karo third . this hat trick of derbies created history as no horse had won three of the classics before .
1st - 4 2 / 04 / 1921 . 4l x bad third randwick , sydney , nsw , aus ajc plate ( g1 ) ( later queen elizabeth stakes ) 24f . 4828m . 8 . 0 . 5 . 52 . 5 . 6 / 4f . salitos 8 . 0 2 / 1 2nd kennaquhair 9 . 5 5 / 2 3rd £1 , 477 . 00
two of the most outstanding examples of multiple appearances have occurred in recent times , indeed in the past 12 years . makybe diva became the first horse to win three successive melbourne cups , 2003 - 04 - 05 .
there is a very good reason while charlie hammond broke with convention to paint the galloping horse truly : charlie hammond was a photographer . this is charlie and his comrade bert photographing the very scene that charlie has painted -
with the passing away this week of northerly ( the modern day best from the west ) i felt we should look at the career ofthe horse who is considered the pioneer of the wa champs beating the eastern coast champs .
other notable horses to have won the metropolitan include kennaquhair ( 1918 ) , dashing cavalier ( 1941 ) , delta ( 1951 ) , redcraze ( 1956 ) , monte carlo ( 1958 ) , belmura lad ( 1981 ) , natski ( 1988 ) , zamination ( 1993 ) , railings ( 2005 ) , newport ( 2008 ) , speed gifted ( 2009 ) and herculian prince ( 2010 ) .
carbine is the only horse to carry in excess of 63 . 5 kgs into a place in two melbourne cups ( second in 1889 and won in 1890 ) . also spare a thought for his daughter , the grand dame wakeful .
. the crew abandoned ship and made land , but one brave officer swam back out to the ship and managed to free one horse ; unfortunately though he couldnt find the other , kiora , in the half submerged vessel and turned back .
each profile features a picture of the horse , its vital statistics , a table of its principal wins , its complete racing record , pedigree chart and list of the stakeswinners the horse produced . in wallaces case his page goes on and on and on because he was a very great sire indeed . there is some vacant space on the page because i am supposed to write a little narrative to accompany each of the profiles but that ' s on my ' to do ' list .
as you can see the seasons are indexed on the left of each page and the horse profiles are indexed on the right . the top menu links to ' galleries ' of the profiled horses and other stand alone pages associated with the site .
what a great horse he was . horses like hyperno , ming dynasty , family of man , sovereign red , mighty kingdom , etc . make you realize what an outstanding champion kingston town was given they often raced against one another during that era .
ethiopian , who had won twice during the winter was favourite at 9 / 4 and then eurythmic . however with support for the other runners and the sight of the horse in the saddling enclosure the price went from 3 / 1 to 8 / 1 . then as the horses went onto the track there was 12 / 1 on offer and then 20 / 1 . finally the horse got to 33 / 1 before there was a late splurge and he started in the official books at 20 / 1 .
in the decision of the avondaie cup and plumpton cup woody glen finished up in third place in each of those races . with the handy burden of 7 . 3 in the whangarei cup the horse should be sighted when the whips are out this afternoon .
the bookmakers telegraph had passed around the ring that the horse could not win . usually so reliable , the telegraph must of had a malfunction that day because within 5 minutes the unheralded perth galloper had raced his way into contention for all the main spring races .
another warrior emerged in the late 70s , hyperno . in fact , he was such a rogue that he possibly cost champion jockey roy higgins his third win , who had been his regular rider for some time , developing a love - hate relationship with the horse .
sheek , my belief is that the staying breed is evolving . perhaps phar lap was better than his predecessors and perhaps secretariat was better than his but the real test of greatness is how long it takes before a superior horse comes along . i agree with your comment about today’s thoroughbreds being powder puff but that is the way selective breeding works . i doubt very much that carbine would be competitive against a top 3000m horse today or a top sprinter although you are probably right about him if you asked a modern horse to compete against him in those six races over five days . one aspect of carbine’s greatness that can’t be overlooked though is his contribution to breeding . i think most of our horses today would have him multiple times in their family tree , this is true for northern dancer himself .
silver link was the only horse to line up against him in the jackson stakes and again it was a procession as gloaming won easily . a month later gloaming defeated his two rivals in the challenge stakes at canterbury winning by 3 lengths from pluto with sasanof third .
this year’s race was delayed until the following saturday due to extreme rain . on the day , sasanof’s owner , m . stead sold a third of the horse to his good friend , e . s . luttrell so that his friend could enjoy the winning experience .
to turn a dollar the horse was extended to longer courses and was quite successful in middle distance wfa races , and was even placed in the vrc qe sks ( autumn ) but never won beyond 10 furlongs . but he was most consistent in races to 9 furlongs .
but to understand the versatility of the horse he could be placed in a melbourne cup ( 1977 ) and two starts later be placed in the william reid stks behind another 70 ' s hack in family of man and tommy smith ' s good sprinter of the time blazing saddles .
the next horse to win back to back cups was rain lover in 1968 - 69 , carrying 9 . 7 ( 60 . 5 ) in his second win . think big then won back to back cups in 1974 - 75 despite failing to win another race in the intervening 12 months .
my belief is that there has been an improvement in the staying horse breed over the decades and i doubt if there was a mare in the past who was superior to makybe diva . i will admit though that she was fortunate to have track conditions to suit her in her three cups .
at the very least muybridge ' s photography proved that the horse does ' fly ' for about 24 % of its gallop cycle but when it is in suspension its legs are tucked up under its body - as charlie hammond has painted carbine and others above - and not in the conventional superman style .
because of his defeat eurythmic was now being classed as a non stayer , however no denying his class and the horse faced up to poitrel ande company once more on the last day in the cb fisher plate ( the forerunner to the queen elizabeth stakes ) at 12 furlongs , and at set weights .
if the punters did not know how good eurythmic was before the cox he proved his top flight qualities in that race . mistico was at the time the best horse in wa . he had won the waderby and had won several other big races such as the kalgoorlie cup ( at the time due to the gold mines their this race was the richest race run in wa and very prestigious , in fact some would say it was more prestigious at the time than the perth cup . mistico had also been senttovictoria as a younger horse and in the care of jack holt he had won the st george stakes and the vrc final handicap ( the forerunner to the emirates stakes ( the 1600m event on the last day of the vrc spring carnival week ) . he was a very good racehorse and the win over mistico convinced the horses owner ernest lee steere to send the horse to jack holt for his future racing .
i am not totally lost in the 19th century . while the site is comprised of 84 horse profiles and 60 odd seasons from the 19th century that is only because i am working chronologically . but the site also features a number of ' galleries ' at present that feature horses from later periods . . .
well we won ' t talk up hyperno because he was one of those rubbish 70 ' s horses but to understand the versatility of the horse he could be placed in a melbourne cup ( 1977 ) and two starts later be placed in the william reid stks behind another 70 ' s hack in family of man and tommy smith ' s good sprinter of the time blazing saddles . what a great horse he was . horses like hyperno , ming dynasty , family of man , sovereign red , mighty kingdom , etc . make you realize what an outstanding champion kingston town was given they often raced against one another during that era .
everybody ' s favourite grey was ming ( except for probably the jackal ) . two caulfield cups , two australian cups , a memorable metrop , a qe2 and a craiglee . was a very frustrating horse for punters at 6 and 7 - only two wins but what wins they were . australian cup beating double century and shivaree , then beat hyperno and kingston town in the caulfield cup aged 7 . bolted in . was out at randwick the day he lumped 59 . 5 kg to just hold off arwon with 49 kg in the metrop - arwon went on to win the melbourne cup that year . will never forget it . the crowd went beserk as he returned to scale . bart tells the story in his book where ming became a clerk of the course horse at randwick . but one day a stablehand came in and said there was a strange grey horse in one of the stables - it was ming who had escaped and come home to leilani lodge !
the owner of sunart evidently entertains hopes of the son of bunny lake securing noteworthy honours this wafmi . for he has nominated his horse for several weight - tor - age races , including the champion plate . a lot of keen judges hold the opinion that sunart has yet to nlay his beet card , and ho should be kept in mind for events ahead . an aged full - brother to the unbeaten com urltoken winner of the grand i ' m de i ' arisj , by came accriogton . is racing in victoria this «a«m . at itoonee valley recently accringt ' jli won the leading handicap , but there is nc tendency to elevate the imported horse above the moderate standard .
i anticipate that as the database of horse records grows i can easily compose other galleries , like the queens of the turf , simply by drawing up an index of the best females and linking it to their profiles in the database . i envisage galleries of cox plate winners , sprinters and milers , even great greys . there are many possibilities .
newminster was never quite the same horse and never recaptured the brilliant form of his juvenile year but on an unseasonally hot windy day at ' the heath ' he won the first caulfield cup as a 6 year old in april 1879 . at stud he sired the 1896 melbourne cup winning champion newhaven who was out of the daughter of briseis full sister idalia .
amongst gloaming ' s rivals in the five horse field for the champion plate at trentham was old rival desert gold but now at 7 years was considered well past her best . gloaming won by 3 / 4 length from lightweight affection with mascot third and desert gold a gallant fourth after getting caught up in the tapes at the start but kept her feet .
the project is about to launch into the 20th century . the season summaries will be uploaded in conjunction with the profiles of the seasons leading horses , and as i move forward they will be linked to the galleries . occasionally i might jump forward and upload a profile page for a hall of famer or a horse of the year but the upload will be primarily chronological .
this is sheet anchor , grace darling and trenton driving for the line in the famous finish for the 1885 cup depicted in the australasian sketcher . note they are all in the ' superman pose ' , all four limbs impossibly outstretched , hovering over the ground . this was the conventional way of depicting the galloping horse in the 19th century , although by 1885 they had no excuse .
wish wynne , breahead and lisnavane were the only other ones given serious attention by punters , but the race was thought to be a two horse event . as sson as the barriers opened and the big field of 29 started off in the race it was clear it was not a match rce . eurythmic lurched sideays at the start and he nearly buckled over . as good as he was he could not overcome the disadvantage of giving away 2 lengths over the short trip and he finished well back in 11th position . at the front end of the field those who fillowed the money for rostrum were cheering and clapping themselves on the back . the horse had shown a great exhibition of sustained speed to lead all the way and win by 2 lengths over whiz bang and tesnavane .
six days later the rematch was expected to settle which horse was superior but this time it was desert gold who met trouble . at the start she lost considerable ground at the start after becoming caught in the barrier strands and then was making ground when the only other runner croesus fell in front of her and she had to hurdle him . she tried valiently but the 3yo gloaming won by 2 1 / 2 lengths .
from barrier nine , unlike the caulfiled cup , eurythmic was given every chance by dempsey . the horse had had a beautiful run during the race and at the top of the straight he pulled eurythmic out to challenge eramus the 3yo who had strode clear . eurythmic ' s chalenge was only brief however and as was feared he could not go on with the weight . just as eramus was being hailed the winner poitrel started his finish which when at his best was accurately described as that of a steam engine at full speed . he swept past eramus towin by 1 . 5 lengths with queen comedy ( a daughter of 1910 cup winner comdey king ) finishing on well for 3rd . eurythmic ran bravely for a top 4th . as a side light to the race poitrel became the last horse to carry 63 . 5 kilos in the cup to victory .
foaled in new zealand in 1913 by breeder t . m . wilford , sasanof was sold for 400 guineas as a yearling . he was a small brown gelding , taken to australia in 1916 after winning several major races in new zealand . the gelding won the 1916 melbourne cup by over 2 lengths and just missed the race record by half a second . he became the second new zealand horse to win the melbourne cup .
three weeks later gloaming showed how versatile he was dropping back to 5 furlongs for the wellington stakes at trentham . it was another easy victory as gloaming defeated warplane despite conceding 15kg in weight by three lengths with surveyor third . three days later he lined up against a 6 horse field over 4 furlongs in the kelburn plate . his winning margin is recorded as ' easily ' second place was filled by surveyor with four lengths to crenides third .
artilleryman won the 1919 melbourne cup with jockey robert lewis , four time melbourne cup winner . he won by at least 6 lengths and set a new race record of 3 minutes 24 . 5 seconds . he was an exceptionally handsome horse who attracted many fans on the basis of his good looks . in 1921 artilleryman tragically died from an internal haemorrhage . his winning marked the first year in which the three - handled loving cup was presented to the winner .
the chrysolite colt survived the ordeal and was given and appropriate name - robinson crusoe , and was commonly called ' the shipwreck horse ' . he was scratched from all his spring engagements , and together with the loss of the cup favourites nemesis and robin hood , newminster was left as a very short favourite for both the derby and the melbourne cup , already heavily bet at odds before the destruction of his primary opponents . the bookmakers stood to be broken if he won .
the provisional horse for all seasons horses of the year table is completed with 2 and 3yo categories added urltoken there is an explanation of how the table was compiled at urltoken it is provisional because i still have some contentious seasons to revisit but it is pretty firm . i am not entirely happy with some of the selections but generally i am happier with the selections i have made 1840 to 1968 than i am with some of those made by the ' official ' panel 1969 to 2014 .
the win elevated eurythmic to status of best horse in the nation , at least in the victorians eyes but he was to face the acid test two weeks later in the melbourne stakes ( the forerunner of the mackinnon stakes ) on the first day of the vrc carnival week . in this event he would meet two top line gallopers themesleves , two horses which in any other era would of been fighting out the position of top galloper in the country . those two gallopers were poitrel and greenstead .
frank dempsey though so highly of eurythmic that her had knocked back a lucrative offer to ride on contract in england , mainly due to his association with the top galloper . his wins on the horse in the autumn alone made it worthwhile and he through his percentage of the prizemoney made 453 / 13 / - pounds . even though mlost of the races he won have fallen off the schedule in modern times today the win in the sydney cup alone would be worth about $ 20 , 000 .
consider little jorrocks the half bred champion of the 1840 ' s to briseis . he was 14 . 2 hh barely bigger than a pony . in fact , in the days of pony racing , for a horse to run at the pony tracks he needed to get ' under the bar ' . they literally used a bar set at the prescribed height of a pony and if the horses couldn ' t pass under the bar they were disqualified from running . jorrocks would have got under the bar . pony racing accomodated the half bred horses who were displaced by the rapidly improving thoroughbreds of the 19th century . you can see from briseis sketch that she is tall and leggy , a very different cut of horse than jorrocks . her size is exaggerated somewhat by the little bloke on her back . that is peter st albans , who was no more than 13 years old . one of the reasons why he is on her back is that he could make the postage stamp weights she carried against the older horses .
jack holt delayed eurythmic ' s return in the autumn and he did not begin his prep , until the 2400m essendon stakes at flemington . nowdays a first up run at 2400m in top group 1 company is almost unheard of . however like most of his contempararies holt was a very good conditioner , he could get a horse fit for such an assignment through grackwork and private trials . the respect for holts ability and his horses qualities saw the [ punters fall in right behind the champ and he started at
with gloaming the nz wonder horse injured and beauford the star of the ajc spring carnival spelling , there was no stopping eurythmic when he lined up and won the melbourne stakes from the caulfield cup winner violoncello at 2 - 5 . despite his big weight eurythmic held his place at the top of the market for the cup but it was a wide open betting race . eurythmic was 5 - 1 favourite , david down from sydney was at 6 - 1 purser ws at 8 - 1 and victoria derby winner furious was at
showing great versatility gloaming then lined up over 4 furlongs three weeks later with a rematch with 2yo rational in the kelburn plate chasing his second win in the race . rational flew in the lead as gloaming met interference twice but the great horse wouldn ' t be denied and charged after the 2yo . the pair went stride for stride before gloaming edged ahead to win by a head with three lengths back to statuette third . gloaming had conceded rational 14kg and in winning set an australasian record of 45 seconds for the 4 furlong trip .
hyperno brings back memories of the late great roy higgins dropping his hands and getting beaten by clear day in that mv cup . i can remember everyone being shocked : the professor made a mistake ! the other memory is that hyperno was the horse that killed dulcify . that is unfair , but essentially true . so there are two negative memories which probably reveal that i never ' liked ' hyperno . never backed him either . but i can ' t deny the quality of his record which is much better than i care to remember .
as holt carried the saddle to the day stals he could here the bookies shouting arithmetic 20 / 1 , arithmetic 33 / 1and he smiled . he thought to himself that a horse could not care about his name and if the bookies did not even know the gallopers name it must of meant that they gave him no chance , and he was correct . after the race jack holt saw the bookmaker and he asked him
do you know the horses name now ?
the bookmaker just gave him a stern stare and went about his business .
he was a rising 10 year old when he was exported to britain , his pedigree was very obscure , and i always thought it was a pointless thing to do to send an old horse like that to the other side of the world but it seems he was a very effective hurdler . hurdling did not carry the same ' failed on the flat ' stigma that it seems to have today . melbourne cup winners malua and sheet anchor ran first and third in the grand national hurdle and the grand national hurdle winner the yeoman was third in the 1888 melbourne cup .
he tends to be a forgotten horse because he lacked a major race to hang his hat on - no classic victory , no major handicap - but as i say the handicapper nailed him early , a fate that often is endured by well performed young horses that are as consistent as flying halo . they get no respite from the handicapper except in wfa races and in the early 1950 ' s there were precious few wfa races for sprinters . even the orr stakes ( incorrectly listed on the table as 7f ) was a mile race ( and it was conducted at moonee valley )
the first the metropolitan was run in 1867 when it was won by a horse called tim whiffler . it first began as a principal race and was run over a distance of 16 furlongs ( 3200m ) until the distance was decreased to 12 furlongs ( 2400m ) in 1892 . in 1920 the metropolitan was increased to 13 furlongs ( 2600m ) until 2001 when the race was decreased in length by 200 metres to today’s 2 , 400 metres . the metropolitan was officially given its group 1 status in 1979 . the race was not run in 2007 due to an outbreak of equine influenza .
on the stud farm of kangarooie , squatter ' s daughter bobbie wants her weak brother richard to come home for her birthday , but her prefers the charms of the city , in particular the high society adventuress , mrs fane . tubby dennis o ' hara , who is in love with bobbie , persuades richard to come home and he brings mrs fane with him . o ' hara gives bobbie his horse , alert , as a present . bobbie enters it in a race and mrs fane tries to stop her winning . bobbie falls in love with a handsome man and rides alert to victory .
gloaming made his belated 5yo debut in the electric plate at ellerslie on november 13 over 4 furlongs . despite conceding 14 . 5kg to sensational 2yo rational he won by two lengths from that horse with five lengths back to welldone in third place . two weeks later he turned the 5 furlong fielding stakes into another procession defeating hymestra and silver link . he then won the oroua stakes at fielding carrying 61kg before a third victory in the islington plate . then unlike the previous year where he dropped back to a sprint distance this time he headed to and duly won the auckland plate over 1 1 / 2 miles .
noted racing writer bert wolfe , writing under the name of cardigan , described the betting on the race
the 1920 caulfield cup will go down as one of the biggest betting races in australian turf history . early in the spring when weights were released he was given out at 20 / 1 , in official markets but as much as 40 / 1 was available . before the memsie stakes the stable of leading trainer jack holt executed their commision and after his victory he was put up at 2 / 1 and nothing in the intervening months had movedhim from that position . even on the course on raceday . the avaerage punters were knocking each other over to place their hard earned on what was considered a certainty , and the horse did not let his supporters down .
now certain of eurythmic ' s need for more distance kelly entered him for the watc nursery hcp on december 9th . the market could not split the tow colts and they started at 7 / 4 ( $ 2 . 75 ) equal favourites . however on the track it was a one horse race with eurythmic validating kelly ' s opinion of himand winning drawing away by 5 lengths . although eurythmic had been impressive in the win there punters thought that there was a legitimate reason and that was the weight difference . eragoon having won twice had to carry 9 stone 13 pounds ( 60 . 5 kilos ) and eurythmic had only 7 stone 13 pounds ( 50 . 5 kilos ) . it was enough of a consideration that when the first of the major perth 2yo races , the karrakatta plate , rolled around , punters showed faith in eragoon as the tow colts would carry the same 55 . 5 kgs .
sent for a spell gloaming returned to training and was soon on his way back to the sydney carnival in the spring . it was a nightmare boat trip as he was at seas for 14 days due to the vessel stopping at many ports on the way across the tasman . it was felt that the long journey would have affected the wonder horse from new zealand as he was sent out at 3 - 1 with winalot the 2 - 1 favourite in the spring stakes over 1 mile at rosehill on september 20 1919 . gloaming showed the assumption was wrong as he defeated the favourite by a length with two lengths to prince viridis third . a fortnight later gloaming was sent out as the evens favourite for the spring stakes at randwick over 1 1 / 2 miles . gloaming hit the front in the straight but in the final strides poitrel flew to grab victory by a head with two lengths back to cetigne third .
though vespucci was beaten in the grantham stakes at randwick . ho showed that he could compass a mile and a - quarter course in fast time , for he was only beaten a neck for the race in question , and the ton furlongs were , covered in 2m . 6 | s . vespucci is on his way back to new zealand , and with an eye to the brown colt having an early run in the dominion , he has been nominated for the champion plate . in awarding amythas 10 . 1 for the wellington racine club handicap , the distance of which extends to a mile and three furlongs , mr . h . coylc has fy * t the demosthenes gelding a severe task , but al ! / he same it can be validly argued that the horse has earned the impost . amythas figures in the champion , plato , and that event rather than the handicap will probably be his mission at the trentham gathering .
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the 2015 melbourne cup is not too far away and i thought i would take this opportunity to look at the horses who have performed with outstanding consistency in multiple attempts in the great race .
i also want to look at the big weights carried by champions in the past , as well as those horses asked to carry big weights successively and still perform admirably .
of course , we’re familiar with those horses who have won the melbourne cup twice . it all began with archer who won the first two cups in 1861 - 62 , carrying decent weights both times , 9st 7lbs ( 60 . 5 kgs ) and 10 . 2 ( 64 . 5 ) .
however , peter pan was the only dual winner to attempt a third win , in 1935 . asked to carry the massive weight of 10 . 6 ( 66 ) , he plodded home in 15th place .
it’s possible her record may never be equalled . to win three successive cups requires remaining injury - free and being in form at the right time . it also requires sympathetic weights and clear running in the race . that’s a lot of boxes to tick .
the other extraordinary feat concluded only last year when the seemingly ageless warrior red cadeaux collected his third second placing in four starts . red cadeaux’s amazing sequence of four starts 2011 - 14 was as follows : second , eighth , second , second .
between 1929 - 35 , shadow king started in six of seven cups ( missing 1934 ) , and his sequence of runs was as follows : 1929 – sixth ; 1930 – third ; 1931 – second ; 1932 – third ; 1933 – second ; 1935 – fourth .
shadow king competed with some of the best horses to race in the melbourne cup . the 1929 cup was won by nightmarch , 1930 by phar lap , 1932 by peter pan and 1933 by hall mark .
right on he heels of shadow king came the gallant mare sarcherie . she ran in four successive cups 1934 - 37 , with the following placings : second , second , tenth , third .
just as the war years began , another fine performer in maikai produced successive second placings in 1939 - 40 . maikai had two more starts , finishing sixth ( with 9 . 6 / 60 ) in 1941 and fading to 17th in 1942 .
some wonderfully good horses contested the melbourne cup during the 1950s , so many good horses carrying good weights . for example , between 1950 - 54 , the top weight won four out of five times . the minimum winning weight of these horses was 9 . 5 ( 59 . 5 ) .
rising fast owns one of the best melbourne cup records both for consistency and weight - carrying . in 1954 - 56 , rising fast ran first , second and fifth . his weights were 9 . 5 ( 59 . 5 ) , 10 . 0 ( 63 . 5 ) and 10 . 2 ( 64 . 5 ) .
in 1956 , incidentally the year i was born , for the only time , two horses started in the melbourne cup with 10 . 0 ( 63 . 5 ) or more . apart from rising fast , the other runner was redcraze , who finished second with 10 . 3 ( 65 ) .
redcraze ran fourth to toparoa in 1955 , second to evening peal in 1956 and eighth to straight draw in 1957 , carrying 10 . 2 ( 64 . 5 ) . bot rising fast and redcraze had been new zealand born , bred , owned and trained horses who were later transferred to australian trainers .
we now go back to the early part of the 20th century to pick up the story . the well named and well performed trafalgar raced successively in 1910 - 11 - 12 , finishing fourth ; second and 15th . his weights were 9 . 1 ( 57 . 5 ) ; 9 . 2 ( 58 ) and 9 . 9 ( 61 ) .
instead , hyperno gave harry white his fourth cup win when they pipped salamander and higgins in 1979 . hyperno had four runs 1977 - 79 - 80 - 81 . he finished third , first , seventh and sixth , carrying 58 . 5 in 1980 and 58 in 1981 .
back to more recent times ( 1990s ) and vintage crop and doriemus had three and four starts respectively , that included a win and a place .
this century we saw three outstanding european horses each race three times in the cup .
vinnie roe ran fourth in 2002 , second in 2004 and eighth in 2005 . americain won in 2010 , was fourth in 2012 and 11th in 2012 . dunaden pipped red cadeaux in 2011 , was 14th in 2012 and 11th in 2013 .
each of the past five horses mentioned carried a minimum 58 kgs in two of their starts .
for a comparison , let’s look at carbine’s year ( 1890 ) , when he carried a record weight ( 10 . 5 / 66 ) in a record field ( 39 ) to the 150th melbourne cup of 2010 , won by americain .
in 1890 , carbine was really up against it . he carried 66 kgs , just two other horses carried over 9 . 0 ( 57 ) , eight horses carried over 8 . 0 ( 51 ) , 17 carried over 7 . 0 ( 44 ) , while amazing , 11 horses carried less than 7 . 0 ( 44 ) .
the five highest weights carried to victory in the melbourne cup are : carbine , 10 . 5 ( 66 ) in 1890 ; archer , 10 . 2 ( 64 . 5 ) in 1862 ; poitrel , 10 . 0 ( 63 . 5 ) in 1920 ; phar lap , 9 . 12 ( 62 . 5 ) in 1930 and peter pan , 9 . 10 ( 61 . 5 ) in 1934 .


milda cincta , common name the banded pyram , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family pyramidellidae , the pyrams and their allies .

milda cincta

pyramidellidae » milda cincta , id : 516216 , shell detail « shell encyclopedia , conchology , inc .
insect - cetonidae tetraodorhina cincta - madagascar - 17 ~ 19mm . . . . ! !
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
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philippines . bohol , getafe . dived at about 10 - 30 meters deep water . - march 2009 .
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the queensland museum collection online is a work in progress . new records , updates and images are added regularly .
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plotia röding , 1798 ( invalid : placed on the official index of rejected and invalid names by iczn opinion 386 . )
the generic name pyramidella lamarck , 1799 , has been validated under the plenary powers of the iczn , opinion 386 ( 1955 ) . the name obeliscus anonymus , 1797 [ = obeliscus gray , 1847 ] has also been used for this genus , whereas the name pyramidella was used for the genus now known as otopleura fischer , 1885 . [ 1 ]
the shell has an elongate - conic shape , slightly striated . the many whorls of the teleoconch are usually inflated and regularly increasing . they are longitudinally ribbed or smooth . the semioval aperture is entire , widened at its base and rounded in front . . the columella has one to three folds . the sharp outer lip is entire , inferiorly sub - perforated and often plicate within with three transverse folds . the shell is usually larger than in turbonilla . the thin operculum is horny , ovate , elongated , with very fine elements and oblique folds and folds oblique . the shell lacks an epidermis . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
the shells are generally quite small , of an elegant form , elongated , marked with more or less deep spots . the general color of the body of these mollusca , is of a dull white . the operculum only , and the edge of the mantle are yellowish . [ 5 ]
pyramidella ( agatha ) a . adams , 1860 : synonym of agatha a . adams , 1860
pyramidella ( syrnola ) a . adams , 1860 : synonym of syrnola a . adams , 1860
pyramidella arenosa conrad , 1843 : synonym of longchaeus suturalis ( h . c . lea , 1843 )
pyramidella balteata ( a . adams , 1855 ) : synonym of tiberia balteata ( a . adams , 1855 )
pyramidella crenulata ( holmes , 1859 ) : synonym of longchaeus suturalis ( h . c . lea , 1843 )
† pyramidella diademata maury , 1917 : synonym of longchaeus suturalis ( h . c . lea , 1843 )
pyramidella fulva sowerby ii , 1865 : synonym of colsyrnola brunnea ( a . adams , 1854 )
pyramidella fusca ( c . b . adams , 1839 ) : synonym of sayella fusca ( c . b . adams , 1839 )
† pyramidella kelirensis ( k . martin , 1916 ) : synonym of † longchaeus menadensis ( schepman , 1907 )
pyramidella lischkei dall & bartsch , 1906 : synonym of styloptygma taeniatum ( a . adams , 1863 )
pyramidella lissa ( a . e . verrill , 1884 ) : synonym of eulimella lissa a . e . verrill , 1884
pyramidella mitralis a . adams , 1853 : [ 19 ] synonym of otopleura mitralis ( a . adams , 1855 )
pyramidella nitida ( a . adams , 1854 ) : synonym of otopleura nitida ( a . adams , 1854 )
pyramidella nitidula ( a adams , 1860 ) : synonym of tiberia nitidula ( a . adams , 1860 )
pyramidella plicata lamarck , 1816 : synonym of otopleura auriscati ( holten , h . s . , 1802 )
pyramidella pratii bernardi , 1858 : [ 20 ] synonym of longchaeus turritus ( a . adams , 1854 )
pyramidella producta ( c . b . adams , 1840 ) : synonym of syrnola producta ( c . b . adams , 1840 )
pyramidella propinqua a . adams , 1854 : synonym of otopleura mitralis ( a . adams , 1854 )
pyramidella pulchella ( a . adams , 1854 ) : synonym of orinella pulchella ( a . adams , 1854 )
pyramidella semicanaliculata maury , 1917 † : synonym of longchaeus suturalis ( h . c . lea , 1843 )
pyramidella sulcata ( a . adams , 1854 ) : [ 22 ] synonym of pyramidella maculosa lamarck , 1822
pyramidella suturalis h . c . lea , 1843 : synonym of longchaeus suturalis ( h . c . lea , 1843 )
pyramidella teres adams : [ 24 ] synonym of tropaeas teres ( a . adams , 1861 )
pyramidella tessellata ( a . adams , 1854 ) : synonym of pyramidella sulcata ( a . adams , 1854 ) : synonym of pyramidella maculosa lamarck , 1822
pyramidella variegata a . adams : [ 25 ] synonym of otopleura mitralis ( a . adams , 1854 )
dall & bartsch , a monograph of west american pyramidellid mollusks , united states national museum bulletin 68 , p . 8 ; 1909
g . w . tryon , manual of conchology vol . viii p . 295
kiener ( 1840 ) . general species and iconography of recent shells : comprising the massena museum , the collection of lamarck , the collection of the museum of natural history , and the recent discoveries of travellers ; boston : w . d . ticknor , 1837
rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) . pyramidella camara bartsch , 1927 . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) world marine mollusca database . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella dolabrata ( linnaeus , 1758 ) . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella gracilis a . adams . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella inopinata ( schander , 1994 ) . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) . pyramidella sanctaehelenae ( e . a . smith , 1890 ) . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) world marine mollusca database . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella scitula adams . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) . pyramidella subdolabrata ( mörch , 1854 ) . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) world marine mollusca database . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella subglabra odhner , 1919 . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella terebelloides adams . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) . pyramidella acus ( gmelin , 1791 ) . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella auriscati ( chemnitz , 1795 ) . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) . pyramidella folinii dall , 1889 . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) world marine mollusca database . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella mitralis a . adams , 1853 . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella prati bernardi , 1858 . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella schanderi van aartsen , gittenberger & goud , 1998 . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella sulcata ( a . adams , 1854 ) . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella terebellum muller . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella teres adams . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
worms ( 2010 ) . pyramidella variegata a . adams . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 2011 - 03 - 15
lamarck , j . b . p . a . de monet de 1799 . prodrome d ' une nouvelle classification de coquilles , comprenent une réaction appropiée de charactères génériques , et l ' établissement d ' un grand nombre de genres nouveaux . mémoires de la société d ' histoire naturelle de paris 1 : 63 - 91
vaught , k . c . ( 1989 ) . a classification of the living mollusca . american malacologists : melbourne , fl ( usa ) . isbn 0 - 915826 - 22 - 4 . xii , 195 pp .
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triphora blainville , h . m . d . de , 1828 type species : triphora gemmata blainville , h . m . d . de , 1828
triphora ( strobiligera ) dall , w . h . , 1924 type species : triphora ( strobiligera ) ibex dall , w . h . , 1881
aclophora laseron , c . f . , 1958 type species : aclophora robusta laseron , c . f . , 1958
aclophoropsis marshall , b . a . , 1983 type species : aclophoropsis festiva adams , a . , 1854
bouchetriphora marshall , b . a . , 1983 type species : bouchetriphora pallida pease , w . h . , 1870
cautor finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : euthymella lutea kosuge , s . , 1962
cheirodonta marshall , b . a . , 1983 type species : cheirodonta pallescens jeffreys , j . g . , 1867
coriophora laseron , c . f . , 1958 type species : coriophora negrita laseron , c . f . , 1958
cosmotriphora olsson , a . a . & a . harbison , 1953 type species : unknowngenustype
costatophora marshall , b . a . , 1994 type species : costatophora serana fischer , p . j . , 1927
euthymella thiele , j . , 1929 type species : euthymella regalis jousseaume , f . p . , 1884
eutriphora cotton , b . c . & f . k . godfrey , 1931 type species : eutriphora cana verco , j . c . , 1909
hedleytriphora marshall , b . a . , 1983 type species : hedleytriphora fasciata tenison - woods , j . e . , 1879
hypotriphora cotton , b . c . & f . k . godfrey , 1931 type species : hypotriphora subula verco , j . c . , 1909
inella bayle , c . e . , 1879 type species : inella gigas hinds , r . b . , 1843
isotriphora cotton , b . c . & f . k . godfrey , 1931 type species : isotriphora tasmanica tenison - woods , j . e . , 1875
latitriphora marshall , b . a . , 1983 type species : latitriphora latilirata verco , j . c . , 1909
liniphora laseron , c . f . , 1958 type species : liniphora restis laseron , c . f . , 1958
magnosinister laseron , c . f . , 1954 type species : magnosinister hedleyi laseron , c . f . , 1954
marshallora bouchet , ph . , 1985 type species : marshallora adversa montagu , g . , 1803
mastonia hinds , r . b . , 1843 type species : mastonia rubra hinds , r . b . , 1843
mastoniaeforis jousseaume , f . p . , 1884 type species : mastoniaeforis chaperi jousseaume , f . p . , 1884
monophorus granata - grillo , j . , 1877 type species : monophorus perversus linnaeus , c . , 1758
nanaphora laseron , c . f . , 1958 type species : nanaphora torquesa laseron , c . f . , 1958
notosinister finlay , h . j . , 1927 type species : notosinister fascelinus suter , h . h . , 1908
nototriphora marshall , b . a . , 1983 type species : nototriphora aupouria powell , a . w . b . , 1937
obesula jousseaume , f . p . , 1897 type species : obesula obesula jousseaume , f . p . , 1884
opimaphora laseron , c . f . , 1958 type species : opimaphora sarcira laseron , c . f . , 1958
pogonodon bouchet , ph . , 1996 type species : pogonodon pseudocanaricus bouchet , ph . , 1984
sagenotriphora marshall , b . a . , 1983 type species : sagenotriphora ampulla hedley , c . , 1903
seilarex iredale , t . , 1924 type species : seilarex attenuata hedley , c . , 1900
similiphora bouchet , ph . , 1985 type species : similiphora similior bouchet , ph . & guillemot , 1978
subulophora laseron , c . f . , 1958 type species : subulophora exporrecta laseron , c . f . , 1958
sychar hinds , r . b . , 1844 type species : sychar vitreus hinds , r . b . , 1843
talophora gründel , 1975 type species : talophora subulata laseron , c . f . , 1958
teretriphora finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : teretriphora huttoni suter , h . h . , 1908
triforis ( granulotriforis ) kosuge , s . , 1967 type species : triforis ( granulotriforis ) tanseiae kosuge , s . , 1967
triforis ( paramendax ) powell , a . w . b . , 1937 type species : triforis ( paramendax ) apicina powell , a . w . b . , 1937
viriola jousseaume , f . p . , 1884 type species : viriola bayani jousseaume , f . p . , 1884
viriolopsis marshall , b . a . , 1983 type species : viriolopsis occidua marshall , b . a . , 1983
iniforis jousseaume , f . p . , 1884 type species : iniforis malvacea jousseaume , f . p . , 1884
metaxia monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1884 type species : metaxia metaxa chiaje , s . delle , 1828
group to probe for diversity beyond the morphological level . among 272 larvae , 88 different chromosomal rearrangements , primarily paracentric inversions , were discovered in addition to 25 already known in the basic sequences of the group in asia . chromosomal diversity in vietnam far exceeds that known for the group in thailand , with only about 5 % of the rearrangements shared between the two countries . fifteen cytoforms and nine morphoforms were revealed among six nominal
from all sites were simulium asakoae ( 100 % ) followed by simulium yuphae ( 83 . 3 % ) , and simulium chiangdaoense , simulium gombakense , simulium phahompokense , simulium fruticosum , simulium maeaiense and simulium fenestratum ( 66 . 6 % ) . of the 5475 last - instar larvae , s . maeaiense ( 19 . 3 % ) , s . chiangdaoense ( 15 . 8 % ) and s . asakoae ( 14 . 8 % ) , were the three most abundant
. the shannon diversity index ( h ) at the six sites with different altitudes of 2100m , 2000m , 1500m , 1400m , 700m , and 500m above mean sea level , were 2 . 042 , 1 . 832 , 2 . 158 , 2 . 123 , 1 . 821 and 1 . 822 , respectively . the shannon index and number of taxa in the cold season were higher than those in the rainy and hot seasons . principal component analysis ( pca ) indicated that at least three principal components have eigen values > 1 . 0 and accounted for 93 . 5 % of the total variability of ecological factors among sampling sites . the canonical correspondence analyses ( cca ) showed that most
had a trend towards altitude , canopy cover , riparian vegetation and water velocity . copyright â© 2015 the authors . published by elsevier b . v . all rights reserved .
are reported for the first time from thailand , including mermithid nematodes ( mermithidae , microsporidian fungi ( zygomycota , and the fungus coelomycidium simulii debaisieux ( blastocladiomycetes . the following nine
were infected with one or more parasites : simulium asakoae , s . chamlongi , s . chiangmaiense , s . fenestratum , s . feuerborni , s . nakhonense , s . nodosum , s . quinquestriatum , and s . tani . the prevalenceof patent infections per host
per season was 0 . 1â7 . 1 % for mermithids , 0 . 1â6 . 0 % for microsporidia , and 0 . 1â3 . 0 % forc . simulii .
, simulium annulus , for attraction to the common loon ( gavia immer ) .
on loon - inhabited lakes in northern wisconsin , u . s . a . to examine the importance of chemical and visual cues for
detection of and attraction to hosts , we made decoy presentations with and without chemical cues .
, and quantified . results showed that s . annulus had a strong preference for common loon visual and chemical cues , although visual cues from canada geese ( branta canadensis ) and mallards ( anas platyrynchos ) did attract some
this is part of a master ' s thesis currently being written under the auspices of the post - graduate program in animal biology of the federal university of rio de janeiro , with support from capes . it presents the
and oncocercosis of the department of entomology of the instituto oswaldo cruz . a pioneer in the study of these dipterons , lutz described about 25
' s importance to public health was recognized at the end of the 1920s .
of the insecticides used in fruit production , represent a severe medical and veterinary problem . large increases in the level of resistance to the pyrethroids fenvalerate ( more than 355 - fold and deltamethrin ( 162 - fold and a small increase in resistance to the organophosphate azinphos methyl ( 2 - fold were observed between 1996 - 2008 in
larvae under insecticide pressure . eventually , no change or a slight variation in insecticide resistance was followed by a subsequent increase in resistance . the evolution of pesticide resistance in a field population is a complex and stepwise process that is influenced by several factors , the most significant of which is the insecticide selection pressure , such as the dose and frequency of application . the variation in insecticide susceptibility within a
population in the productive area may be related to changes in fruit - pest control . the frequency of individuals with esterase activities higher than the maximum value determined in the susceptible population increased consistently over the sampling period . however , the insecticide resistance was not attributed to glutathione s - transferase activity . in conclusion , esterase activity in
from the productive area is one mechanism underlying the high levels of resistance to pyrethroids , which have been recently used infrequently . these enzymes may be reselected by currently used pesticides and enhance the resistance to these insecticides .
of the insecticides used in fruit production , represent a severe medical and veterinary problem . large increases in the level of resistance to the pyrethroids fenvalerate ( more than 355 - fold ) and deltamethrin ( 162 - fold ) and a small increase in resistance to the organophosphate azinphos methyl ( 2 - fold ) were observed between 1996 - 2008 in
full text available the last - instar larva , pupa , male and female of simulium virescens sp . nov . are described and illustrated . this
has a peculiar larva , which has an elongated head capsule and light - green colour . the first thoracic segment has tubercle on its dorsal region and the third thoracic segment has one pair of tubercles ; the first to the fourth abdominal segments have one pair of tubercles on each segment . until now this new
had only been collected at the type locality , which is on the middle stretch of the correntina river in the southwestern portion of the state of bahia , brazil . females were voraciously biting humans during the field work . this new
of simulium ( psilopelmia in brazil and the first registered outside of the brazilian amazon region .
( musca domestica l . ) from various sampling sites using selective media . out of 34 pooled samples shigella
were isolated in 21 ( 61 . 7 % ) of the samples . the
bu ? ler , sara ; rumpold , birgit a . ; jander , elisabeth ; rawel , harshadrai m . ; schl ? ter , oliver k .
, edible insects are highly nutritious and thus represent a noteworthy alternative food and feed source . the current work investigates the protein extractability and techno - functionality of insect flour fractions recovered from tenebrio molitor and hermetia illucens . t . molitor and h . illucens flours contained about 20 % crude fat and 60 % and 36 % crude protein , respectively . defatting reduced the crude fat content to 2 . 8 % ( t . molitor ) and 8 . 8 % ( h . illucens ) and increas . . .
. nearly 60 structural rearrangements were discovered in the polytene complement of the lineage , including 15 common to all 138 analyzed individuals , relative to the central sequence for the entire subgenus simulium . three
were represented , of which two palearctic entities ( simulium cholodkovskii and s . decimatum were sympatric ; an absence of hybrids confirmed their reproductive isolation . a third ( nearctic entity had nonhomologous sex chromosomes , relative to the other
, for which the name simulium nigricoxum is revalidated . a cytophylogeny is inferred and indicates that the two palearctic taxa are sister
. the rise of the s . cholodkovskii lineage encompassed complex chromosomal and genomic restructuring phenomena associated with speciation in
full text available biotechnology has recently become pervasive , as a prospective branch of science that study the possibilities of using living organisms , systems or products of their vital activity to solve technological problems . american type of
breeding in the regions with cold climatic conditions has been actively discussed . unlike america and countries of western europe , in russia this issue is underexplored . the analysis of literature sources will allow determining the optimal conditions for the growth , development and reproduction of the
in artificially created laboratory conditions . the insect has gained widespread appreciation due to its highly effective bioconversion of various solid organic wastes as well as high nutrition of larvae with the possibility of using them in feeding farm animals and aquaculture . however , this is not the full range of research areas of
is characterized by the ability to absorb virtually any biowastes . as a result , its body accumulates a complex of substances , the percentage of which depends on the diet . the larva contains about 40 % amino acids which produce a favorable effect on the growth and development of farm animals and birds , and confirm the possibility of using dry larvae as a fodder additive .
lvink causes great scientific and practical interest . artificial creation of the necessary conditions for the life of the
breeding in circumpolar regions and allow developing a number of biotechnology directions in arkhangelsk region .
, simulium arcticum and s . luggeri , outbreaks are controlled effectively . the problem is complicated by its association with an abundance of large rivers and streams . since effective control of
larvicides . consequently , canadian inland waters have been subject to continuous monitoring of major drainage systems with special attention to the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides . the latest status of residues was published from a canadian survey of 333 sampling locations between 1972 and 1975
combustion - derived nanoparticles as constituents of ambient particulate matter have been shown to induce adverse health effects due to inhalation . however , the components inducing these effects as well as the biological mechanisms are still not fully understood . the fine fraction of
ash particles collected from the electrostatic precipitator of a municipal solid waste incinerator was taken as an example for real particles with complex composition released into the atmosphere to study the mechanism of early biological responses of beas - 2b human lung epithelial cells . the studies include the effects of the water - soluble and - insoluble fractions of the
( ros ) and increased the total cellular glutathione ( tgsh ) content . carbon
ash - induced oxidative stress was correlated with induction of the anti - oxidant enzyme heme oxygenase - 1 and increase of the redox - sensitive transcription factor nrf2 . carbon
was not able to induce ho - 1 . ros generation , tgsh increase and ho - 1 induction were only induced by the insoluble fraction of the
ash , not by the water - soluble fraction . ros generation and ho - 1 induction were markedly inhibited by pre - incubation of the cells with the anti - oxidant n - acetyl cysteine which confirmed the involvement of oxidative stress . both effects were also reduced by the metal chelator deferoxamine indicating a contribution of bioavailable transition metals . in summary , both
ash induced an increase of intracellular tgsh and ho - 1 production . bioavailable transition metals in the solid water - insoluble matrix of the
are vectors of the onchocerciasis and mansonelosis , nevertheless , their ecology and potential use as bioindicators is still poorly studied in the neotropical region . in brazil , bioindicators use is strongly focused in a multimetrical ecological index approach ; this way , we investigated the
spatial distribution , in relation to abiotic factors correlated to water quality , to provide baseline information for their utilization as standalone indicators of lotic systems integrity . we have tested the hypothesis that environmental changes related to urbanization , lead to decreased abundance and loss in the number of
fauna . the sampling was conducted in 10 urban and 10 preserved streams during the dry season ( august - september of 2012 , in the mountainous region of teresã³polis , state of rio de janeiro , brazil . the streams were characterized for their environmental integrity conditions and physico - chemical properties of water . in each stream , five different rapid points were sampled in a section of 50 meters , 10 meters apart from each other . the
were sampled with a kick - net sampler on rocky substrates . the material was separated and the larvae were sorted in morphotypes , and later , the final instar specimens were dissected and identified with the help of taxonomical literature at
were collected , 5 ( 1 . 02 % in extremely impacted streams , 470 ( 96 . 31 % in intermediate streams and 13 ( 2 . 66 % in preserved streams . the visual evaluation ( hii differed in rela & tion ; to the water physico - chemical evaluation , in which more variation in the characterization of the sampling sites was observed . in canonical correspondence analysis simulium subpallidum , s . inscrustatumand s . pertinaxwere significantly associated with intermediate values of most of the variables , and then to intermediate impacted
are vectors of the unenocerciasis and mansonelosis , nevertheless , their ecology and potential use as bioindicators is still poorly studied in the neotropical region . in brazil , bioindicators use is strongly focused in a multimetrical ecological index approach ; this way , we investigated the
fauna . the sampling was conducted in 10 urban and 10 preserved streams during the dry season ( august - september ) of 2012 , in the mountainous region of teres6polis , state of rio de janeiro , brazil . the streams were characterized for their environmental integrity conditions and physico - chemical properties of water . in each stream , five different rapid points were sampled in a section of 50 meters , 10 meters apart from each other . the
were collected , 5 ( 1 . 02 % ) in extremely impacted streams , 470 ( 96 . 31 % ) in intermediate streams and 13 ( 2 . 66 % ) in preserved streams . the visual evaluation ( hii ) differed in relation to the water physico - chemical evaluation , in which more variation in the characterization of the sampling sites was observed . in canonical correspondence analysis simulium subpallidum , s . inscrustatum and s . pertinax were significantly associated with intermediate values of most of the variables , and then to intermediate impacted sites . on the other hand
ash / water ratios , phs and temperatures . at the 1 g / 100 ml
ash / water ratio , less than 1 mg si was found in 11 of aqueous slurries over the ph range 4 - 8 after 2 h at ambient temperature . the leaching was most effective at ph 10 . 5 . at the
ash / waterratio indicated , the ph of the suspensions decreased from 10 . 4 to 8 . 4 after 5days . the ph of
ash slurries in sea water varied only slightly over time as compared with that in distilled water . generally , the leaching of assimilable silicon
with distilled water was more intense than that with the sea water . 27 refs . , 6 figs . , 3 tabs
has now been found in corrientes province on the eastern side of the iberã¡ tropical swamps of argentina , on the western border of the mountainous region of southern brazil . this new
, a . iberaensis , is herein described and illustrated and information on its bionomics is recorded . it is an interesting
genus or subgenus from central chile region has been found in tropical areas , because these two regions are separated by the monte and pampas realms . similarly , no brazilian genus or subgenus has crossed the andes mountains to chile . a comparison with other neotropical , nearctic , ethiopian ( afrotropical and australian prosimuliini ( sensu crosskey & howard showed araucnephia to be a valid taxon most closely related to araucnephioides ( sympatric in chile . araucnephia also shows great affinities with lutzsimulium from southeast brazil and argentina and paracnephia from south africa .
full text available interest for insect farming is currently growing globally . conditions in west africa appear suitable for developing such farming systems that can benefit communities by improving livelihoods , food and feed security or sanitation . in ghana and mali , the
( hermetia illucens linnaeus , 1758 is being produced for waste recycling and animal feed . in a two stages process ( egg and larvae production , egg production was hampered by a pupal parasitoid , dirhinus giffardii silvestri , 1913 ( hymenoptera : chalcididae , which reduced future broodstock by almost 72 % . this is the first time d . giffardii is reported as a parasitoid of h . illucens pupae and one of the first reports of parasitism in this commercially important
. the introduction of precautionary measures is highly recommended for the success of h . illucens production systems in west africa .
villavicencio , anna lucia c . h . ; araujo , michel m . ; fanaro , gustavo b . ; costa , helbert h . s . f . ; silva , priscila p . v . ; arthur , valter
( aleurocanthus woglumi ashby ) is an important pest of citrus originated in southeast asia and its first record in the new world was in jamaica in 1913 . in brazil , it was detected in 2001 in the state of para and more recently it was detected in sao paulo in 2008 . this pest that attacks over 300
of plants , but its main host are citrus . it is an a2 quarantine pest , because it is not spread throughout the country . the objective of this study was to test doses of 0 ( control ) , 25 , 50 , 75 , 100 , 125 , 150 , 175 and 200 gy of gamma irradiation for disinfection of eggs of the citrus
in leaves of citrus plants . treatment consisted of 5 replicates with 60 eggs each . evaluations were performed in the following periods : 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 and 10 days after irradiation . under the conditions assayed , it could be concluded that a dose of 200 gy caused 100 % mortality of aleurocanthus woglumi ashby eggs and could be recommended as a successful quarantine processing against infested plants . ( author )
belonging to s . epidermidis , s . aureus , s . saprophyticus and s . arlettae were previously isolated from a chromium - polluted
ash ( fa ) dumping site in south africa . however the genetic mechanisms responsible for chromium resistance were not known . polymerase chainâ . . .
inspite of the few mixed clusters , the pattern produced in the phylogenetic trees can provide a good guide to support any other method of glossina identification . it was recommended that evaluations be made to validate other genetic markers that can produce better resolutions to identify tsetse
of both sexes feed on blood and transmit pathogenic african trypanosomes . during transmission , trypanosoma brucei undergoes a complex cycle of proliferation and development inside the tsetse vector , culminating in production of infective forms in the saliva . the insect manifests robust immune defences throughout the alimentary tract , which eliminate many trypanosome infections . previous work has shown that
sex influences susceptibility to trypanosome infection as males show higher rates of salivary gland ( sg infection with t . brucei than females . to investigate sex - linked differences in the progression of infection , we compared midgut ( mg , proventriculus , foregut and sg infections in male and female glossina morsitans morsitans . initially , infections developed in the same way in both sexes : no difference was observed in numbers of mg or proventriculus infections , or in the number and type of developmental forms produced . female
tended to produce foregut migratory forms later than males , but this had no detectable impact on the number of sg infections . the sex difference was not apparent until the final stage of sg invasion and colonisation , showing that the sg environment differs between male and female
. comparison of g . m . morsitans with g . pallidipes showed a similar , though less pronounced , sex difference in susceptibility , but additionally revealed very different levels of trypanosome resistance in the mg and sg . while g . pallidipes was more refractory to mg infection , a very high proportion of mg infections led to sg infection in both sexes . it appears that the two
use different strategies to block trypanosome infection : g . pallidipes heavily defends against initial establishment in the mg , while g . m . morsitans has additional measures to prevent trypanosomes colonising the sg , particularly in female
- foxes ( pteropus alecto captured in south east queensland , australia . values were found to be consistent with those of other pteropus
. four hundred and forty - seven animals were sampled over 12 months and significant differences were found between age , sex , reproductive and body condition cohorts in the sample population . mean values for each cohort fell within the determined normal adult reference range , with the exception of elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in juvenile animals . hematologic and biochemistry parameters of injured animals showed little or no deviation from the normal reference values for minor injuries , while two animals with more severe injury or abscessation showed leucocytosis , anaemia , thrombocytosis , hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia .
this study was carried out since 1990 to 1997 . the goal was to figure out different
of the anastrepha schiner , pointing out certain fenotipic characteristics that prove variability among the ecuadorian ' s population , mainly a . fraterculus , a . distincta , a . obliqua , a . striata , and others . ( the author )
for use in animal feed . however , studies investigating feed and food safety aspects of using
larvae feeding media enriched with seaweed , which contains naturally high concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic . the aim of this study was to investigate the potential transfer of such undesirable substances from the feeding media to the larvae . the larvae accumulated cadmium , lead , mercury and arsenic . concentrations of these elements in the larvae increased when more seaweed was added to the feeding media . the highest retention was seen for cadmium ( up to 93 % ) and the lowest for total arsenic ( up to 22 % ) . when seaweed inclusion exceeded 20 % in the media , this resulted in larval concentrations of cadmium and total arsenic above the current european union maximum levels for these elements in complete feed . our results confirm that insect larvae can accumulate heavy metals and arsenic when present in the feeding media . a broader understanding of the occurrence of these undesirable substances in processed larvae products is needed to assess feed and food safety . â© 2017 society of chemical industry . â© 2017 society of chemical industry .
bioenergy has become attractive as alternatives of gradually exhausted fossil fuel . obtaining high grade bioenergy from lignocellulose is attractive that can gradually meet the demand . this study reported biogas and biodiesel were produced from corncob by a two - step bioprocess , biogas was produced from corncob by anaerobic fermentation , then biogas residue was converted by
larvae , and then biodiesel was produced from larvae grease . 86 . 70 l biogas was obtained from 400 g corncob with the accumulation of biogas yield of 220 . 71 ml / g vs ( added ) by anaerobic digestion . besides , 3 . 17 g of biodiesel was produced from grease after inoculating
larvae into 400 g biogas residue . meanwhile , the results showed that the addition of
larvae could be effective for the degradation of lignocellulose and the accumulation of grease . copyright â© 2015 elsevier ltd . all rights reserved .
å ikutovã¡ , silvie ; halouzka , jiåã ; mendel , jan ; knoz , j . ; rudolf , ivo
* czech republic subject riv : fn - epidemiology , contagious diseases ; clinical immunology impact factor : 1 . 256 , year : 2010
the newly emerging australian bat lyssavirus causes rabieslike disease in bats and humans . a captive juvenile
fox exhibited progressive neurologic signs , including sudden aggression , vocalization , dysphagia , and paresis over 9 days and then died . at necropsy , lyssavirus infection was diagnosed by fluorescent antibody test , immunoperoxidase staining , polymerase chain reaction , and virus isolation . eight human contacts received postexposure vaccination .
larvae are converters of organic waste into edible biomass , of which the composition may depend on the substrate . in this study , larvae were grown on four substrates : chicken feed , vegetable waste , biogas digestate , and restaurant waste . samples of prepupae and
( bsf ) prepupae , hermetia illucens , in rainbow trout , oncorhynchus mykiss . a practical - type trout diet was formulated to contain 45 % protein ; four test diets were dev . . .
full text available food futurists accept that sustainability - minded humanity will increasingly incorporate insects as alternative protein . the most studied and easily reared
are not necessarily the most sustainable , acceptable , or delicious . here , we review the literature on the
food futurists accept that sustainability - minded humanity will increasingly incorporate insects as alternative protein . the most studied and easily reared
( diptera : calliphoridae ) , their biological aspects have been studied increasingly worldwide . the blow
traps and sweeping methods , with 1 - day tainted pork viscera as bait . identification of adult blow
prevailed in all the types of land investigated . we calculated and compared the diversity indices ,
. untreated targets were used to answer questions about configuration , size an . . .
( hermetia illucens ) larvae are a promising source of protein and lipid for animal feeds . the nutritional composition of the bsf larvae depend partly on the composition of the feeding medium . the bsf lipid profile in part mimics the feeding media lipid profile , and micronutrients , like minerals and vitamins , can readily accumulate in
larvae , allowing it to accumulate both lipid - and water - soluble compounds . a broader understanding of the effect of the composition of the feeding media on the larvae composition can help to tailor
( hermetia illucens larvae are a promising source of protein and lipid for animal feeds . the nutritional composition of the bsf larvae depend partly on the composition of the feeding medium . the bsf lipid profile in part mimics the feeding media lipid profile , and micronutrients , like minerals and vitamins , can readily accumulate in
by leishmania parasites was surveyed in a desert area of pakistan where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic . out of 220 female sand
, phlebotomus kazeruni , was positive for flagellates in the hindgut . analyses of cytochrome b ( cyt b , glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase ( ggapdh and small subunit ribosomal rna ( ssu rrna gene sequences identified the parasite as a trypanosoma
of probably a reptile or amphibian . this is the first report of phlebotomine sand
hawthorn ( crataegus douglasii ) and introduced ornamental hawthorn ( c . monogyna ) attractive to rhagoletis pomonella
( most notably the downy hawthorn , crataegus mollis ) in the eastern usa . evidence suggests that the
was introduced into the western usa sometime in the last 60 years . in addition to apple , r . pomonella also infests two
hawthorn ( c . douglasii ) and the introduced ornamental english hawthorn , c . monogyna . apple and downy hawthorn - origin
in the eastern usa use volatile blends emitted from the surface of their respective ripening fruit to find and discriminate among host trees . to test whether the same is true for western
showed similar levels of upwind directed flight to their respective natal synthetic fruit blends in flight tunnel assays compared to whole fruit adsorbent extracts , indicating that the blends contain all the behaviorally relevant fruit volatiles to induce maximal response levels . the
and ornamental hawthorn blends shared four compounds in common including 3 - methylbutan - 1 - ol , which appears to be a key volatile for r . pomonella populations in the eastern , southern , and western usa that show a preference for fruit from different crataegus
. however , the blends also differed from one another and from domesticated apple in several respects that make it possible that western r . pomonella
barnes , brian n . , e - mail : barnesb @ arc . agric . z [ arc infruitec - nietvoorbij institute for fruit , vine and wine , stellenbosch ( south africa ) ; venter , jan - hendrik , e - mail : janhendrikv @ nda . agric . z [ directorate plant health , pretoria ( south africa )
( c . rosa karsch ) cause economic losses in the south african deciduous fruit industry of approximately us $ 3 million per annum . a third
releases . reasons for the partial degree of success and the relatively slow expansion of medfly sit to other areas include economic , operational and cultural factors , as well as certain fruit production practices . before fruit
. the risk of such introductions is increasing as trade with and travel to the country increases . a plant health early warning systems division has been initiated to formulate fruit
( b . zonata [ saunders ] ) , which are all well established in parts of africa and / or indian ocean islands , have been identified as presenting the highest risk for entering and becoming established in south africa . an exotic fruit
are recognized as forensically important insects and have been reported causing nuisance and contamination in laboratory environments . this paper reports for the first time the finding of multiple scuttle
affecting colonies of third instar larvae of the oriental latrine blowfly , chrysomya megacephala ( fabricius ) ( diptera : calliphoridae ) , reared indoors at the forensic science simulation site , universiti kebangsaan malaysia . adult scuttle
were discovered inside a rearing container after the emergence of adult c . megacephala . , the scuttle
are megaselia scalaris ( loew ) , m . spiracularis schmitz and puliciphora borinquenensis ( wheeler ) . notes on the life history and biology of these
full text available here we describe field trials designed to standardize tools for the control of glossina tachinoides , g . palpalis gambiensis and g . morsitans submorsitans in west africa based on existing trap / target / bait technology . blue and
( up to 14 times more for g . tachinoides , 10 times more for g . palpalis gambiensis , and 6 . 5 times for g . morsitans submorsitans . the relative performance of the devices in the three blue cloths tested was the same when unbaited or baited with a mixture of phenols , 1 - octen - 3 - ol and acetone . since insecticide - impregnated devices act via contact with
to land on by also covering the cloth parts of traps with adhesive film . despite the fact that the biconical trap proved to be the best landing device for the three
, the difference over the target ( 20 - 30 % was not significant . this experiment also allowed an estimation of trap efficiency , i . e . the proportion of
landing on a trap that are caught in its cage . a low overall efficiency of the biconical or monoconical traps of between 11 - 24 % was recorded for all three
due to the favourable conditions within the forest for breeding , refuge and easy migration of adult females to animal cages to seek for blood meal . table 1 : abundance of biting
in the jos museum . zoological garden . site . stomoxys calcitrans . haematopota .
' s dispersal behavior and its tendency to remain on the host only while feeding . optically attractive traps have been used to survey and sometimes reduce adult populations . insecticide - treated blue and
in the united states , and various evaluations were conducted in louisiana and florida . tests using untreated targets were designed to answer questions about configuration , size , and color relative to efficacy and stability in high winds . studies with electric grid targets and with targets paired with olson traps showed cloth target color attraction in the following decreasing order :
target because no sewing is involved . attraction was not affected when flat 1 - m2 targets were formed into cylinders , despite the limited view of the blue and
colors together . there was no reduction in attraction when the 1 - m2 cylindrical targets were compared with smaller ( 63 ã 30 cm high ) cylindrical targets . in addition , there was no difference in attraction between the small blue -
targets . significance of findings and implications of potential uses for treated targets are discussed . target attraction was indicated by the numbers of stable
captured on an olson sticky trap placed 30 cm from the target . although this system is adequate for field research , it greatly underestimates the actual numbers of stable
ashes in building , that is its main consumer , is the residue of unburned coal ; it is expressed of loss onignition - loi . in present , the valid stn and eu standard limits the content of loi to 3 â 5 % , in national conditions maximum 7 % . application of processing technologies also has to assure utilization of
ash that provides a possibility of complex utilizationof individual products obtained by modification . by means of corona separation , based on different conductivity of individual
ash deposit , content of loiof dielectric particle 6 , 45 % at 61 % weight yield was achieved . in the samples taken from dry taking of
ash the non - conductingproduct contained 7 , 72 % of loi at 73 % of weight yield .
( diptera : simuliidae attracted to humans and water buffalos and natural infections with filarial larvae , probably onchocerca sp . , in northern thailand
were investigated as to their biting habits and natural infections with filarial larvae at ban pan fan , chiang mai province , in northern thailand . female adults
landing on or flighting around a human and a water buffalo were collected during the daytime from 06 . 00 to 19 . 00 hours on 22 june 2001 . as a result , 217 s . nodosum , 86 s . asakoae and two s . nigrogilvum were obtained from a human attractant , and 416 s . nodosum , 25 s . nakhonense , 16 s . asakoae , four 5 . fenestratum and two s . nigrogilvum , from a water buffalo . the blood - feeding was confirmed only for s . nodosum and s . nigrogilvum on humans , and for s . nodosum and s . nakhonense on water buffalos . dissections of these simuliids showed that s . nodosum was naturally infected with developing filarial larvae . two types of microfilariae were distinguished but only one type of infective larvae . these larvae resembled onchocerca suzukii , a parasite from a wild japanese bovid , suggesting that an unknown onchocerca
from ruminants was transmitted in thailand . infection rates with all stages of larvae and third - stage larvae were 2 . 3 % ( 14 / 608 and 1 . 0 % ( 6 / 608 , respectively . this is the first report of natural infections of
are involved in the transmission of pathogens between human and non - human animals . a total of 530 american
is presented in an updated checklist , along with their author ( s and year of publication using the classification by galati ( 1995 , 2003 . distribution by country is also provided .
that are commonly recovered on human corpses concealed in houses or other dwellings are often dependent on human created environments and might have special features in their biology that allow them to colonize indoor cadavers . in this study we describe nine typical cases involving forensically relevant
on human remains found indoors in southern finland . eggs , larvae and puparia were reared to adult stage and determined to
found the most common were lucilia sericata meigen , calliphora vicina robineau - desvoidy and protophormia terraenovae robineau - desvoidy . the flesh
sarcophaga caerulescens zetterstedt is reported for the first time to colonize human cadavers inside houses and a coi gene sequence based dna barcode is provided for it to help facilitate identification in the future .
biology , colonization speed and the significance of indoors forensic entomological evidence are discussed . ( c ) 2010 elsevier ireland ltd . all rights reserved .
larvae are converters of organic waste into edible biomass , of which the composition may depend on the substrate . in this study , larvae were grown on four substrates : chicken feed , vegetable waste , biogas digestate , and restaurant waste . samples of prepupae and substrates were freeze - dried and proximate , amino acid , fatty acid and mineral analyses were performed . protein content of prepupae varied between 399 and 431âgâkg - 1 dry matter ( dm ) among treatments . differences in amino acid profile of prepupae were small . on the other hand , the ether extract ( ee ) and ash contents differed substantially . prepupae reared on digestate were low in ee and high in ash ( 218 and 197âgâkg - 1 dm , respectively ) compared to those reared on vegetable waste ( 371 and 96âgâkg - 1 dm , respectively ) , chicken feed ( 336 and 100âgâkg - 1 dm , respectively ) and restaurant waste ( 386 and 27âgâkg - 1 dm , respectively ) . prepupal fatty acid profiles were characterised by high levels of c12 : 0 in all treatments . since protein content and quality were high and comparable for prepupae reared on different substrates ,