the roving coralgrouper ( plectropomus pessuliferus ) is a species of fish in the family serranidae .

other commom names are violet coral trout and leopard grouper .

roving coralgrouper

host : plectropomus laevis ( lacepède ) , serranidae , blacksaddled coralgrouper ; plectropomus leopardus ( lacepède ) , serranidae , leopard coralgrouper .
hosts : plectropomus leopardus ( lacepède ) ( perciformes : serranidae ) , leopard coralgrouper ; plectropomus laevis ( lacepède ) , blacksaddled coralgrouper .
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roving coralgrouper
.
it mainly feeds on fish and occasionally on crustaceans . it has been known to engage in cooperative hunting with the roving coralgrouper ( plectropomus pessuliferus ) .
the roving coralgrouper , a predator fish of the tropical reef , uses sign language to advise fellow hunters of hiding prey , according to a study published on tuesday .
coralgroupers are some of the largest groupers . although the coralgroupers we usually encounter in markets and supermarkets are only around 30 – 50 cm in length , coralgroupers in the wild can easily reach 70 cm , with some like the leopard coralgrouper , blacksaddled coralgrouper , spotted coralgrouper and roving coralgrouper even reaching 120 – 130 cm in length . they are some of the largest predatory species living in coral reef ecosystems .
glenn , c . r . 2006 .
earth ' s endangered creatures - roving coralgrouper facts
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host : plectropomus leopardus ( lacepède ) ( perciformes : serranidae ) , leopard coralgrouper .
seems to be naturally rare in the red sea . in february 2006 in a survey of shallow water fish communities along the baluchistan coast of pakistan , roving coralgrouper does not seem to occur there ( leujak pers . obs . ) .
many groupers can live for more than 10 years , with some even reaching 40 years of age ! given their relatively long lifespans , it takes a long time for groupers to mature and begin to reproduce . groupers are one of the few species that can change sex naturally – the leopard coralgrouper , spotted coralgrouper and blacksaddled coralgrouper change sex from female to male . the leopard coralgrouper can live for at least 19 years . they take two to three years to reach maturity and start reproducing as females . after around seven years , the females then change sex and become male . the blacksaddled coralgrouper can take as many as eight years to switch from female to male .
) were studied on coral reefs between gamu and baresdhoo islands ( sluka ( part 1 ) . due to low numbers of roving coralgrouper observations in a study conducted between march and june 1998 , sluka ( 2000 ) could not used statistical analyses to infer about timing , location and characteristics of spawning aggregations for
this undated photo released by the great barrier reef marine park authority on april 23 , 2009 shows an algal overgrowth section of australia ' s great barrier reef . the roving coralgrouper , a predator fish of the tropical reef , uses sign language to advise fellow hunters of hiding prey , according to a study published on tuesday .
reporting in the journal nature communications , a trio of biologists at switzerland ' s university of neuchatel and cambridge university in england studied how the coralgrouper works with two hunting pals .
previous research has shed light on the unusual relationship between the coralgrouper ( plectropomus pessuliferus marisrubri ) , the giant moray eel ( gymnothorax javanicus ) and the napoleon wrasse ( chelinus undulatus ) .
* common names are letting us down here . the roving coral grouper and the coral trout are both part of the genus plectropomus . the coral trout is not closely related to the freshwater trout that you might eat .
fish also seems to be particularly good at hunting with other species . the roving coral grouper will also partner with the humphead wrasse , the coral trout will form hunting parties with octopuses , and goatfish sometimes team up with banded sea kraits ( a type of sea snake ) .
in fish , there is exactly one known example of cooperative hunting , where two different species intentionally team up to better their odds . the roving coralgrouper will shake its head back and forth in front of a giant moray as a request to hunt , and if the moray follows they will hunt together . the grouper is a very bulky fish , but the moray is very good at moving through the structure of a reef . so the grouper catches fish outside the reef and scares them into hiding , where the moray can get them , and the moray scares other fish outside the reef for the grouper .
neidhartia haywardi bott , miller & cribb , 2013 , based on 10 specimens and its2 sequence from plectropomus leopardus , p . laevis and the spotted coralgrouper p . maculatus ( bloch ) , from heron and lizard islands on the great barrier reef [ 3 ] has a bigger rhynchus , longer previtelline distance and shorter post - testicular distance .
this interesting genetic quirk regrettably makes these species vulnerable to overfishing . this practice takes fish out of the marine ecosystem before they have time to grow , mature and reproduce . this in turn can lead to a gradual reduction in the size of these fish in the wild , and if the situation persists , an overall decline in mature individuals – ultimately creating devastating impacts on the productivity of coralgrouper fisheries .
redouan bshary is best known for studying cleaner wrasse—tiny underwater hygienists that pick parasites from much larger fish , like the roving coral grouper . in 2006 , bshary decided to follow one of the groupers to see whether it sought the services of several cleaners in a row . instead , he saw something wholly unexpected . the groupers repeatedly swam up to giant moray eels and made a vigorous head - shaking signal . it was a call to arms—a signal that meant “hunt with me” .
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heemstra and randall ( 1993 ) - two subspecies are recognized : p . pessuliferus marisrubri in the red sea , and p . pessuliferus pessuliferus from the rest of the indo - pacific region . often misidentified as p . maculatus , however p . pessuliferus differs from p . maculatus in having the longest gill rakers shorter than longest gill filaments , some spot on body vertically elongate , and pelvic fins with blue spots ( heemstra and randall 1993 ) .
justification : plectropomus pessulferus is near threatened because of an inferred global population decline of close to 30 % . in parts of the red sea , the declines are significantly greater relative to other locales .
is rare to uncommon throughout most of its range , with higher abundances in the maldives and the red sea . there is no specific information available on its abundance ( morris
fisher interviews suggest declines in some areas . it is highly targeted in the red sea , particularly by spear . based on its general abundance ( rare to uncommon ) , declines in certain areas can be inferred . it is virtual absence from eritrea following heavy fishing .
fisheries in this area , as demonstrated here . in early stages of maldives fisheries
was considered “red” category , the most valuable , and all others groupers were considered as “black” . rf . 14 . 00 was the value of individuals of
measuring more than 20 cm total length , while rf . 13 . 00 was given for individuals of black group in the same size . the total catch in maldives is declining because of the decreasing catch and because smaller individuals being taken in the fishery . the average size of
in the fishery is 40 . 2 cm , with the most common length 40 . 0 cm , and the maximum length catch was 86 . 0 cm .
fishing pressure on grouper continues to increase in maldives and many sites show signs of local over - fishing ( sluka part 3 ) . a survey of 18 fishermen was conducted from faafu atoll to reveal p .
) to be the most commonly caught species , suggesting the use of this species as the indicator species in the proposed “grouper management plan for faafu atoll” .
is common to seychelles fisheries . however , it is not routinely monitored for fisheries catch and effort data . thus , published or grey literature with regards to
is lacking . this species is more common at the coral atolls to the south of the archipelago , where it is lightly fished . on the banks of the mahe plateau , surrounding the main granitic islands where most of the population resides , this species is rare to largely absent from catches . as there are no decent historical data , it is not known if this id due to fishing pressure or lack of favored habitat , although it is probably a combination of the two . from cpue data , a decline is observed in the groupers family from areas close to centers of population .
export oriented trade of groupers started in the maldives in 1993 . catches rose from 200 t in 1994 to 1 , 000 t in 1995 ( sattar and adam 2005 ) . this fishery has been considered opportunistic and unregulated ( sattar and adam 2005 , citation of work from mrc ) . total catches of groupers in the maldives are declining both from smaller numbers and smaller individuals taken in the catch .
the fishery - dependent data presented here were compiled by fallatah ( 2005 ) ( figure 1 ) and they are based on the fisheries statistics bulletins published by the marine fisheries department , ministry of agriculture of arabia saudita between 1995 and 2002 . catch of
takes place along the red sea coast in three places , namely the northern , the central and the southern , through traditional fishing boats and methods ( hand line , gill net , and traps ) . in the northern and central areas the quantity caught is much higher than southern area . between 1995 and 2002 hand line dominated catches ( 79 . 6 % of production ) , while gill nets and traps do not exceed 1 % . hand line also had stability in catches along this period , while gill net and traps demonstrated a grate drop in catch . however there was an increase in quantities catch by other means of catch , due a reduction in boats and increase in yield , which raised the catch per trip ( fallatah 2005 ) . the annual average catch of
from 1995 to 2002 , which represents 2 . 3 % of the total catch of fish the in the coastline of red sea in saudi arabia during this period . generally the catch is consistent , but a gradual reduction in northern and central areas and an increase in south can be observed . however , in southern area
, so its land catch may be overestimated in this area ( fallatah 2005 ) .
by traditional fishing boats for 1995 to 2002 period at the red sea coast in kingdom saudi arabia .
in republic of maldives . one hundred and forty three individual grouper were observed ; among these six species ,
table 1 provides some length information from fishes captured during experimental fishing trials in the maldives .
: life history data from the workshop on integrated reef resources management in the maldives paper 3 : exploitation of reef resources : grouper and other food fishes .
for further information about this species , see 132775 _ plectropomus _ pessuliferus . pdf .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of plectropoma pessuliferum fowler , 1904 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of plectropomus pessuliferus pessuliferus ( fowler , 1904 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of perca miniata c forsskål , 1775 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of plectropoma maculatum var . d playfair & günther , 1867 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of plectropoma maculatum var . a ( playfair , 1867 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of plectropomus pessulifer ( fowler , 1904 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of plectropomus pessuliferus marisrubri randall & hoese , 1986 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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the vast majority of people in hong kong love eating seafood . from a per capita perspective , our seafood consumption is nearly the highest in asia – we are second only to the maldives , an island nation . hong kong is often ranked as one of the world’s top ten nations when it comes to consuming seafood , and live reef food fish – a classification which includes many species of groupers and the humphead wrasse , are some of our city’s perennial favourites . naturally it should come as no surprise that hong kong and mainland china are key trade and consumption hubs for these types of fish .
statistics from hong kong reveal further surprising figures : in 2016 alone , hong kong recorded imports of 12 , 200 metric tonnes of live groupers . about 60 per cent of groupers originated from the coral triangle – an area of sea bounded by the philippines , malaysia , indonesia , timor - leste , papua new guinea and the solomon islands .
after these incidents were uncovered , the media began reporting on ways to tell different species of coralgroupers apart . while this is helpful , wwf - hong kong believes that consumers should also look beyond the species name and learn more about the little - told story of coralgroupers .
notably , the results of several market surveys and underwater surveys reveal that the mature individuals of many grouper species , including coralgroupers , are becoming smaller and smaller in size . these results imply that the larger individuals of these species are becoming more scarce , and that these fishery resources are shrinking .
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greek , plektron = anything to strike with , spur + greek , poma = cover , operculum ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 25 - 147 m ( ref . 5222 ) . tropical , preferred 28°c ( ref . 107945 ) ; 33°n - 19°s , 32°e - 180°e ( ref . 5222 )
indo - pacific : red sea , zanzibar , maldives , st . brandon ' s shoals , sri lanka , chagos , nazareth bank , sumatra , and fiji . recently recorded from tonga ( ref . 53797 ) . subspecies , plectropomus pessuliferus marisburi occurs in the red sea , while plectropomus pessuliferus pessuliferus from the rest of the indo - pacific region ( ref . 3150 ) . often misidentified as plectropomus maculatus .
maturity : l m ? , range 63 - ? cm max length : 120 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5222 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 7 - 8 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 10 - 12 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 8 .
an uncommon species ( ref . 9710 ) found in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs . in the hong kong live fish markets ( ref . 27253 ) . solitary ( ref 90102 ) .
heemstra , p . c . and j . e . randall , 1993 . fao species catalogue . vol . 16 . groupers of the world ( family serranidae , subfamily epinephelinae ) . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper , rockcod , hind , coral grouper and lyretail species known to date . rome : fao . fao fish . synop . 125 ( 16 ) : 382 p . ( ref . 5222 )
leopard grouper , violet coral trout , perca miniata c , plectropoma maculatum var . a , plectropoma maculatum var . d , plectropoma pessuliferum , p . maculatus
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the last known tasmanian tiger died in a zoo in hobart , tasmania in 1936 , but there have been hundreds of unconfirmed sightings , and a reserve has been set up in southwestern tasmania in the hopes that possible surviving individuals can have adequate habitat .
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you selected panter - korallkoha ( estonian ) . this is a common name for :
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c42d7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3234f3f4 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3238458b - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32b1cc83 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
indo - pacific : red sea , zanzibar , maldives , st . brandon ' s shoals , sri lanka , chagos , nazareth bank , sumatra , and fiji . recently recorded from tonga ( ref . 53797 ) . subspecies , plectropomus pessuliferus marisburi occurs in the red sea , while plectropomus pessuliferus pessuliferus from the rest of the indo - pacific region ( ref . 3150 ) . often misidentified as plectropomus maculatus .
froese r . & pauly d . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase ( version feb 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 7b9baeec - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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you selected panter - laikahven ( estonian ) . this is a common name for :
body brown to orange - red , scattering of dark edged blue spots over head , body and fins , sometimes becoming vertically elongate on sides . red sea population can be found in shallow waters but normally found below 25m . length to 63cm .
occurrence describes how often the species is found on surveys within its distribution . it is calculated as the % of reef sites surveyed by rls divers across all the ecoregions in which the species has been observed
abundance is calculated as the average number of individuals recorded per rls transect , where present .
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the giant moray ( gymnothorax javanicus ) is a species of moray eel is a species of marine fish in the family muraenidae . in terms of body mass , it is the largest moray eel ( the slender giant moray is longer ) .
as the name suggests , it is a large eel , reaching up to 3 m in length and 30 kg in weight . its serpentine in shape body has a brownish background color . while juveniles are tan in color with large black spots , adults have black specks that grade into leopard - like spots behind the head and a black area surrounding the gill opening .
the giant moray is widespread in the indo - pacific region , being found from eastern coast of africa , red sea included , until the pitcairn group , hawaiian islands and also polynesia . north to south japan and south to new caledonia , fiji and the austral islands .
it lives in lagoons and on the outer slopes of coral reefs , the day it sits sheltered in crevices between 1 and 50 meters deep .
the giant moray is carnivorous , it leaves its lair at night to actively hunt its preys along the reef .
this species may be hazardous to people . being at the top of the food chain , it is likely to cause ciguatera poisoning if eaten . it has been implicated in provoked and unprovoked attacks on scuba divers .
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, reaching up to 3 m ( 9 . 8 ft ) in length and 30 kg ( 66 lb ) in weight .
its serpentine in shape body has a brownish background color . while juveniles are tan in color with large black spots , adults have black specks that grade into leopard - like spots behind the head and a black area surrounding the
, it leaves its lair at night to actively hunt its preys along the reef . it mainly feeds on fish and occasionally on
lieske , e . and myers , r . f . ( 2004 ) coral reef guide ; red sea london , harpercollins isbn 0 - 00 - 715986 - 2
lieske , e . and r . myers , 1994 . collins pocket guide . coral reef fishes . indo - pacific & caribbean including the red sea . haper collins publishers , 400 p .
froese , rainer and pauly , daniel , eds . ( 2007 ) .
gymnothorax javanicus
in fishbase . 5 2007 version .
fricke , r . , 1999 . fishes of the mascarene islands ( réunion , mauritius , rodriguez ) : an annotated checklist , with descriptions of new species . koeltz scientific books , koenigstein , theses zoologicae , vol . 31 : 759 p .
kuiter , r . h . and t . tonozuka , 2001 . pictorial guide to indonesian reef fishes . part 1 . eels - snappers , muraenidae - lutjanidae . zoonetics , australia . 302 p .
kuiter , r . h . , 1998 . photo guide to fishes of the maldives . atoll editions , victoria , australia . 257 p .
bshary r , hohner a , ait - el - djoudi k , fricke h ( dec 2006 ) .
interspecific communicative and coordinated hunting between groupers and giant moray eels in the red sea
. plos biol . 4 ( 12 ) : e431 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pbio . 0040431 . pmc 1750927 . pmid 17147471 .
frédéric ducarme marked
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as trusted on the
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frédéric ducarme marked
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as trusted on the
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kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
jättimureena
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gymnothorax javanicus ( bleeker , 1859 )
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leo shapiro selected
giant moray
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gymnothorax javanicus ( bleeker , 1859 )
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the biological term is symbiosis . it is when two species form a sort of relationship to the benefit of both . it could be something like the case of the tick - eating oxpecker ( that little bird often seen on a rhinos and other large animals ) , or the nitrogen fixing bacteria in the roots of legumes . symbiosis is common in nature .
parasitism on the other hand , is a type of interaction in which one species gains at the expense of the other , in this case a host . those blood - sucking ticks from earlier are a prime example of that .
yes that has been observed in nature also . for example , bioluminescent bacteria lives in the light organ of bobtail squid which the squid feeds and in return , it emits light to hide the squid from predators . urltoken
yes , the ambrosia beetle contains wood decomposing fungi on the cuticle and thus help each other break down wood . termites have gut bacteria that help them digest lignin as well .
bucephalidae ( digenea ) from epinephelines ( serranidae : perciformes ) from the waters off new caledonia , including neidhartia lochepintade n . sp .
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
bucephalidae ( digenea ) d’epinephelinae ( serranidae : perciformes ) en nouvelle - calédonie , y compris neidhartia lochepintade n . sp .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : author : c053afde - d221 - 4be1 - 9b0a - 30307a67d4c0
jean - lou justine – urn : lsid : zoobank . org : author : 17643dcb - 2c9d - 4386 - bb94 - d2f04966b0e9
copyright © r . a . bray and j . - l . justine , published by edp sciences , 2013
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license ( urltoken ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original work is properly cited .
most of these species belong to the subfamily prosorhynchinae nicoll , 1914 , but bucephalus and rhipidocotyle are in the bucephalinae . these may be accidental records . the only bucephaline species originally described from a serranid is r . clavivesiculus which , according to the original description [ 22 ] , has a recurved pars prostatica and sperm duct , a characteristic of the prosorhynchinae [ 33 ] .
this paper expands on the records made in justine et al . [ 19 ] , discussing the systematics of the reports in that paper , and adding new data obtained subsequently .
digeneans were collected live , immediately fixed in nearly boiling saline and then transferred to 80 % ethanol . whole mounts were stained with mayer’s paracarmine , cleared in beechwood creosote and mounted in canada balsam . measurements were made through a drawing tube on an olympus bh - 2 microscope , using a digicad plus digitising tablet and carl zeiss ks100 software adapted by imaging associates , and are quoted in micrometres . the following abbreviations are used : bmnh , british museum ( natural history ) collection at the natural history museum , london , uk ; mnhn jnc , muséum national d’histoire naturelle , paris , france .
use has been made of the visual key to prosorhynchus developed by bray & palm [ 6 ] . ( urltoken ) and a similar key to the genus neidhartia recently devised by us . we use the term “cirrus - sac reach” for the distance from the anterior - most extremity of the cirrus - sac to the posterior extremity of the body as a percentage of the body - length .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : 380959e0 - 57f5 - 44fb - 87fe - eb7b4958ccb6
1 : neidhartia lochepintade n . sp . holotype , uterus in outline . 2 : neidhartia lochepintade n . sp . paratype , uterus in outline . 3 : neidhartia haywardi bott , miller & cribb , 2013 , uterus in outline . 4 : neidhartia tyleri bott , miller & cribb , 2013 ex plectropomus leopardus , uterus in outline . 5 : neidhartia tyleri bott , miller & cribb , 2013 , ex plectropomus laevis , uterus in outline . 6 : prosorhynchus robertsthomsoni bott & cribb , 2009 . ventral view , uterus in outline . scale bars : 500 μm ( figs . 1 , 2 , 4–6 ) ; 200 μm ( fig . 3 ) .
syn . prosorhynchus sp . in epinephelus chlorostigma of justine et al . ( 2010 ) .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : a3a03b8a - a686 - 4168 - afe5 - 5f6a54c923ba
type - host : epinephelus chlorostigma ( valenciennes ) brown - spotted grouper , serranidae .
other locality : off récif toombo , deep - sea , 200–300m ( 22°34′187s , 166°26′292e , 01 / 12 / 2009 ) .
type - specimens : holotype mnhn jnc 2446d - 1 , paratypes , mnhn jnc 2446d - 2 - 5 , jnc 3141 , bmnh 2013 . 11 . 18 . 1 .
) . tegument spinous ; spines squamous , tiny , reach to posterior extremity . rhynchus broad , relatively short and blunt . mouth at about level of ovary , distinctly in post - equatorial half of body . pharynx small , globular . caecum oval , directed anteriorly .
measurements and ratios of neidhartia spp . % refers to % of body - length .
testes 2 , irregularly oval , oblique , in about mid - body , usually well separated . cirrus - sac elongate , more - or - less parallel sided , reaching anterior testis , anteriorly to pharynx . seminal vesicle elongate - oval , in proximal cirrus - sac . pars prostatica long , in two distinct parts ; proximal part narrow , coiled over seminal vesicle ; distal part wider , straighter , surrounded by dense layer of gland - cells , lining of filaments in chevron arrangement . ejaculatory duct narrow , opening on large , complex genital lobe inside genital atrium . genital atrium large . genital pore distinctly separated from posterior extremity .
ovary oval , intertesticular , overlapping posterior testis . mehlis’ gland overlapping ovary and posterior testis . details of proximal female system obscured by eggs . uterus not reaching anteriorly to vitelline fields , fills most of available space to level of genital pore . eggs numerous , tanned , operculate . metraterm not detected , obscured by eggs . vitellarium consists of two lateral fields of 12–15 follicles , more or less symmetrical , but with one field slightly longer than other , anterior extremity distinctly posterior to rhynchus and anterior to uterus , always anterior to caecum and gonads ; posterior extremity at about level of ovary .
comparisons of neidhartia spp . , blue shading shows major distinctions , green shading shows minor distinctions .
neidhartia epinepheli bott & cribb , 2009 , based on two specimens from the intestine of the highfin grouper epinephelus maculatus ( bloch ) ( serranidae ) off lizard island on the great barrier reef [ 2 ] , has a relatively larger rhynchus and a longer previtelline distance . in n . epinepheli the uterus reaches anterior to the vitellarium . other probably differences are the pre - mouth distance , post - testicular region and cirrus - sac reach .
neidhartia ghardagae nagaty , 1937 , based on 16 specimens from a “ serranus sp . ” from off ghardaga in the red sea [ 29 ] , has a relative larger rhynchus , longer previtelline distance and longer pre - mouth distance and probably a shorter post - testicular region and a shorter cirrus - sac reach .
neidhartia longivesicula ( bilqees , khalil , khan , perveen & muti - ur - rehman , 2009 ) n . comb . ( syn . prosorhynchus longivesicula ) is based on seven specimens from the yellow - tail scad atule mate ( cuvier ) ( as caranx affinus rüppell ) ( carangidae ) off karachi in the northern arabian sea [ 1 ] . the ovary is described as “posterior to anterior testis and ventro - lateral to posterior testis” , indicating that the species belongs to neidhartia . this species differs from n . lochepintade particularly in the more anterior mouth and greater body - size .
neidhartia microrhyncha chauhan , 1943 , based on five non - ovigerous specimens from the alimentary canal of the indian spiny turbot psettodes erumei ( bloch & schneider ) ( psettodidae ) off bombay ( now mumbai ) , india [ 7 ] , is narrower and has a shorter cirrus - sac reach . it is reported to grow much bigger .
neidhartia plectropomi bott , miller & cribb , 2013 based on 10 specimens and its2 sequence from plectropomus leopardus and p . laevis from heron and lizard islands on the great barrier reef [ 3 ] has a bigger rhynchus and longer previtelline distance .
neidhartia polydactyli manter , 1953 , based on a single specimen from the intestine of the striped threadfin polydactylus plebeius ( broussonet ) ( polynemidae ) off suva , fiji [ 26 ] , has a relatively larger rhynchus and longer previtelline and pre - mouth distances .
neidhartia tyleri bott , miller & cribb , 2013 based on 10 specimens and its2 sequence from the plectropomus leopardus , p . laevis and p . maculatus , from heron and lizard islands on the great barrier reef [ 3 ] is narrower , with longer previtelline and pre - mouth distances , shorter post - testicular distance and cirrus - sac reach , and larger eggs .
pseudoprosorhynchus hainansis shen , 1990 , based on two specimens from the intestine of the plectropomus leopardus off hainan island , southern china [ 41 ] is similar to neidhartia lochepintade ( and indeed the whole genus ) in that the ovary is between the testes , but the rhynchus is disc - like , and the worm is long and narrow . it also appears to have a short cirrus - sac reach and smaller eggs .
these data , and the record from this deep - water serranid , indicate to us that the specimens described here belong to a new species . prosorhynchus epinepheli yamaguti , 1939 has been reported twice from this host , from off tuticorin , india [ 18 ] and from the arabian gulf [ 40 ] . the illustrations in both papers show that the ovary lies partly anterior to and partly overlapping the anterior testis , and thus do not indicate that the worm in question is a neidhartia . the indian record [ 18 ] is from several host species and it is not stated from which the illustrated worm was collected . e . chlorostigma has also been listed as a host for unnamed prosorhynchus spp . in the arabian gulf [ 11 , 39 ] .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : 47f33650 - b6e4 - 414c - 9f58 - 320f4f05e504
localities : grande rade , nouméa 22°15′s 166°24e , 23 / 10 / 2007 and 24 / 10 / 2007 ; between larégnière and récif crouy , 22°20′702s , 166°19′295e , 05 / 05 / 2008 .
vouchers : mnhn jnc2333b , jnc2333c , jnc2334 , jnc2513 ; bmnh 2013 . 11 . 18 . 5 - 6 .
) . tegument spinous ; spines squamous , tiny , reach to posterior extremity . rhynchus broad , conical or bluntly conical . mouth just posterior to ovary , well into post - equatorial half of body . pharynx small , globular . caecum oval , directed anteriorly .
testes 2 , irregularly oval , oblique , in about mid - body , usually well separated . cirrus - sac elongate , more - or - less parallel sided , reaching to or almost to anterior testis , anteriorly to pharynx . seminal vesicle elongate - oval , in proximal cirrus - sac . pars prostatica long , in two distinct parts ; proximal part narrow , coiled over seminal vesicle ; distal part , wider , straighter , surrounded by dense layer of gland - cells , lining of filaments in chevron arrangement . ejaculatory duct narrow , opening on large , complex genital lobe , inside genital atrium . genital atrium large . genital pore distinctly separated from posterior extremity .
ovary oval , intertesticular , overlapping testes . mehlis’ gland overlapping ovary and posterior testis . details of proximal female system obscured by eggs . uterus reaches anteriorly to vitelline fields , occasionally to level of vitellarium , fills much of available space to level of genital pore . eggs numerous , tanned , operculate . metraterm not detected , obscured by eggs . vitellarium consists of two lateral fields of 12–15 follicles , more or less symmetrical , but with one field slightly longer than other , anterior extremity posterior to rhynchus and anterior extent uterus , reaches anterior to caecum and gonads ; posterior extremity at about level of ovary .
, figure 3 ] , but it should be noted that in both species bott et al . [
) , but the cirrus - sac reach of our specimens tends to be greater than is apparent in either species . both
neidhartia epinepheli . bott & cribb stated that it “it bears a superficial resemblance to the type - species , n . neidharti nagaty , 1937 , in that its uterus extends past the posterior margin of the rhynchus . n . epinepheli differs by having a caecum that does not extend into the anterior third of the body and the eggs are smaller , 25–26 × 12–13 , compared with 30 × 15 for n . neidharti ( see nagaty , 1937 ) ” . the confusion in the egg - size as given by nagaty [ 29 ] for n . neidharti , in that he gives the egg - size as 30 × 15 in the text , but 19–29 × 15–19 in the table may well invalidate one of bott & cribb’s [ 2 ] distinctions . the other distinction is rather minor and it may be found that these species are synonymous . the pre - uterine distance is shorter than in n . haywardi in that the uterus overlaps the rhynchus .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : e131c73f - 7d32 - 4b80 - 8656 - eb8411faae8b
localities : ( p . leopardus & p . laevis ) off ouano ( 21°49′430s , 166°44′278e , 25 / 10 / 2007 ) , p . leopardus near récif toombo ( 22°34′107s , 166°28′816e , 30 / 09 / 2009 ) .
prevalences : p . leopardus , 29 % ( 2 of 7 ) , p . laevis , 50 % ( 1 of 2 ) .
vouchers : ( p . leopardus ) mnhn jnc2340 , jnc 3060b ; bmnh 2013 . 11 . 18 . 2 - 3 ; ( p . laevis ) jnc2339 ; bmnh 2013 . 11 . 18 . 4 .
) . tegument spinous ; spines squamous , tiny , reach to posterior extremity . rhynchus broad , with narrow conical posterior extension . mouth at about level of ovary or just posterior , well into post - equatorial half of body . pharynx small , globular . caecum elongate - oval , directed anteriorly .
testes 2 , irregularly oval , oblique to tandem , in about mid - body , slightly separated or not . cirrus - sac elongate , more - or - less parallel sided , reaching anterior testis , anteriorly to pharynx . seminal vesicle elongate - oval , in proximal cirrus - sac . pars prostatica long , in two distinct parts ; proximal part narrow , coiled over seminal vesicle ; distal part , wider , straighter , surrounded by dense layer of gland - cells , lining of filaments in chevron arrangement . ejaculatory duct narrow , opening on large , complex genital lobe inside genital atrium . genital atrium large . genital pore distinctly separated from posterior extremity .
ovary oval , intertesticular , overlapping testes . mehlis’ gland overlapping ovary and posterior testis . details of proximal female system obscured by eggs . uterus not reaching anteriorly to vitelline fields , fills much of available space to level of genital pore . eggs numerous , tanned , operculate . metraterm not detected , obscured by eggs . vitellarium consists of two lateral fields of follicles , more or less symmetrical , but with one field slightly longer than other , anterior extremity distinctly posterior to rhynchus and anterior to uterus , always reaches anterior to caecum and gonads ; posterior extremity at or just posterior to level of ovary .
, figure 56 ] in shape ( relatively more elongate , although the measurements in the table do not bear this out ) , the previtelline distance and pre - uterine distance .
n . coronata durio & manter , 1968 , described from “serranidae , probably epinephelus sp . ” from off new caledonia [ 9 ] , differs from our specimens in the visual key in the pre - uterine distance and cirrus - sac reach . it should be borne in mind , however , that durio & manter [ 9 ] stated that their description was “based on six somewhat macerated , extended specimens” . the previtelline distance may also be a distinguishing feature .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : 21111289 - 7672 - 4028 - 830d - a37199b68e26
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : 0eee6ed7 - 01ce - 45a0 - a2b9 - 27f32ebc64cc
host : cephalopholis argus bloch & schneider ( perciformes : serranidae ) , peacock hind .
locality : near récif toombo ( 22°31′30″s , 166°26′40″e , 03 / 11 / 2006 ) .
vouchers : mnhn jnc 2110 ; bmnh 2013 . 11 . 18 . 25 .
measurements and ratios of prosorhynchus spp . from cephalopholis spp . % refers to % of body - length .
prosorhynchus aguayoi vigueras , 1955 from the greater soapfish rypticus saponaceus ( bloch & schneider ) ( serranidae ) from off cuba , curaçao and jamaica [ 30 , 31 , 50 ] is a very similar species to p . robertsthomsoni but is probably wider and more fusiform , with a longer post - testicular region . the vitellarium reaches the testes in p . aguayoi and the cirrus - sac does not .
prosorhynchus serrani durio & manter , 1968 ( syn : prosorhynchus crucibulus of nagaty ( 1937 ) ) from the yellow - edged lyretail variola louti ( forsskål ) ( serranidae ) from the red sea and off new caledonia [ 9 , 29 ] is very similar to p . robertsthomsoni but apparently has a distinctly different shaped rhynchus , in that it has a distinct narrow elongate posterior extension in contrast to the blunt rounded posterior of the p . robertsthomsoni rhynchus . it may be that the vitellarium reaches slightly more posteriorly in p . serrani in that the follicles extend just posterior to the pharynx , rather than just to the pharynx ( see below ) .
prosorhynchus tsengi tsin , 1933 is a parasite of the bartail flathead platycephalus indicus ( linnaeus ) ( platycephalidae ) off china [ 42 , 47 ] . bray & palm [ 6 ] pointed out that the “original illustration of p . tsengi by tsin [ 47 , figure 8 ] shows a lobed rhynchus , apparently with an aperture , and a straight pars prostatica , indicating that the species may in fact belong to the genus rhipidocotyle ” . in addition the rhynchus and eggs appear slightly smaller than in p . robertsthomsoni .
7 : prosorhynchus longisaccatus durio & manter , 1968 ex cephalopholis urodeta . ventral view , uterus in outline . 8 : prosorhynchus longisaccatus durio & manter , 1968 ex epinephelus areolatus . ventral view , uterus in outline . 9 : prosorhynchus longisaccatus durio & manter , 1968 ex epinephelus cyanopodus . ventral view , uterus in outline . 10 : prosorhynchus longisaccatus durio & manter , 1968 ex epinephelus maculatus . ventral view , uterus in outline . 11 : prosorhynchus serrani durio & manter , 1968 ex variola albimarginata . ventral view , uterus in outline . 12 : prosorhynchus serrani durio & manter , 1968 ex variola louti . ventral view , uterus in outline . scale bars : 500 μm .


amblyphylla is a genus of moth in the family gelechiidae .

it contains only one species , amblyphylla lophozancla , which is found in namibia , south africa and swaziland .

amblyphylla

weissia amblyphylla j . e . zetterst . nova acta regiae societas scientiarum upsaliensis , ser . 3 , 7 ( 1 ) : 10 . 1869 . ( nova acta regiae soc . sci . upsal . , ser . 3 , )
specimen count 1 record last modified 16 jun 2016 nmnh - botany dept . taxonomy plantae pteridophyte selaginellales selaginellaceae biogeographical region 36 - china south - central collector augustine henry see more items in flowering plants and ferns botany place szenao [ interpreted ] , yunnan , china , asia - temperate barcode 01392577 usnm number 459622 published name selaginella amblyphylla alston
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forests ; ( 100 - ) 500 - 1800 m . guangxi , sichuan , xizang , yunnan [ myanmar , thailand ] .
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this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus hyophila ( family pottiaceae ) .
the record derives from tropicos ( data supplied on 2012 - 04 - 18 ) which reports it as an accepted name ( record 35164864 ) with original publication details : bull . herb . boissier , sér . 2 , 7 : 717 1907 .
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cite this page : tropicos . org . missouri botanical garden . 09 jul 2018 < urltoken >
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the euro + med plantbase - the information resource for euro - mediterranean plant diversity euro + med plantbase integrates and critically evaluates information from flora europaea , med - checklist , the flora of macaronesia , and from regional and national floras and checklists from the area as well as additional taxonomic and floristic literature . this is complemented by the european taxa of several families taken from the world checklist of selected plant families and of the leguminosae from the international legume database and information service ildis ( see credits for details ) . by 1st of february 2018 it provides access to the total european flora of vascular plants in 222 plant families .
uotila , p . ( 2009 ) : potamogetonaceae . – in : euro + med plantbase - the information resource for euro - mediterranean plant diversity . this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license ( cc - by - sa - 3 . 0 unported ) .
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landscape ( 1813 – 1834 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won the classic oaks stakes at epsom downs racecourse in 1816 .

the filly 's entire racing career consisted of one run in 1815 followed by three races in the space of thirteen days in june 1816 .

after winning the oaks on her second racecourse appearance , she finished first and second in races at ascot .

already pregnant at the time of her classic success , landscape was retired from racing after ascot and produced her first foal in the following spring .

landscape ( horse )

woman riding horse landscape with a woman riding a beautiful black horse on an autumn sunny day .
horse in the mountains . summer panorama landscape in the mountains . ukraine , carpathians
landscape with horse and mountains in the background , ladakh , india . low , white clouds
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h horse in a pasture in the mountain valley . landscape morning panorama of the mountains in summer
close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background close portrait of a brown horse on a background of a winter monochrome landscape . close portrait of a brown horse with a white spot on forehead on a background
here is a beautiful landscape illustration that includes a wild horse , foliage and a bright setting sun . . enjoy !
landscape of green grass hippodrome with blue sky . turf racecourse in germany , magdeburg . horse track . green grass field . background . view from below
enjoy the mountain view surrounding reykjavík while riding the gentle icelandic horse . meet these incredible animals and ride through the country’s volcanic landscape on this amazing horse riding tour . it is the perfect tour for all animal lovers who want to add a little twist to their sightseeing .
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the property includes an enclosed horse track , chapel and three - bedroom guest house .
horse marking , as well as their graphic and word description , serves the identification .
riley said he rates the son of starspangledbanner as potentially the best horse he has trained .
beautiful young horse grazing on a green meadow with blossoming trees in a sunny day in spring .
icelandic horses are gentle and lovely , our guide is reliable and knowledgable . we had a good time . safe for beginner because the guide have a briefing of horse riding , and walking through the vocano landscape is so amazing .
a very great horse riding experience . horsey ( apologies if i misspell his name ) explained every horse riding technique very clearly and really calmed down my nerves as i have never ridden a horse before . the people at the stable are very professional and i can feel that they are very passionate about horse riding . the horses are really lovely and friendly to people ! i rode with gramann , a short sturdy white horse and i feel really safe on the horseback as he is not bumpy at all . this tour is suitable for people who have never ridden a horse before . highly recommend this tour .
sometimes when a horse wins a big race it showers the associated benefits across a number of quarters .
lake laguna azul in the mountains . on the shore of lake grazing horses . impressive landscape in the national park torres del paine , chile
it was a good icelandic horse riding with owner begga . like the gait
tölt
this most !
rosemont stud homebred toorak tower is being touted a classic horse of the future by kiwi trainer donna logan .
a lone horse stands on the crest of a grassy hilltop as the sun rises behind him against an orange sky .
arqana weanling purchase super haze looks a horse of the future as the son of high chaparral wins by four at ballarat .
when you are ready , there is nothing left but to mount your horse and head on out to see the beautiful volcanic landscape around reykjavík . you’ll ride past mountains and a beautiful lake . this tour will take you to the red pseudocraters and black lava fields of this otherworldly area .
the tour starts when you are picked up in reykjavík and driven to the outskirts of the city where you will meet your horse . the icelandic horse is very friendly and easy to handle , so this tour is suitable for beginners and experts alike .
pieter schout on horseback , by thomas de keyser , 1660 , dutch painting , oil on copper . pieter schout , sheriff of hagestein , riding in a dune landscape
a spirit of boom colt offered by rosemont stud became the highest - priced horse ever sold at an inglis vobis gold yearling sale .
horse is named on the basis of tradition of the country it is bred in . these rules must be given in the studbook .
colorful hot air balloons flying in clear morning sky above unusual rocky landscape in cappadocia . two horses run through green meadow near conical mountains in sunny day in cappadocia , turkey .
he would like to have harder criticism on horse photo critique group on facebook . people are too nice . i want to improve more .
rosemont stud has undergone a major overhaul in the past 12 months ( to june 09 ) developing its already spectacular landscape to be a leading farm for all mare owners and yearling traders .
throughout the ages , the icelandic horse was vital to the people’s survival as it was the best way of transportation . although with new roads and means of transport , the icelandic horse is still an important part of people’s daily lives as farmers still use horses for sheep - herding in the highlands .
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“he absolutely donkey licked them . stephen got off him and he doesn’t get overly excited and he said potentially he’s the best horse he’s ridden , ” riley said .
a long hot ride in the saddle . a cowboy makes his way through the desert in the sweltering hot sun . crows circle the horse in a surreal photography image .
download the above horse galloping image and use it as your wallpaper , poster and banner design . you can also click related recommendations to view more background images in our huge database .
the city of reykjavík is located in southwest iceland by faxaflói bay . throughout the ages , the landscape has been shaped by glaciers , earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and the area is geothermal ; after all , its name translates to ‘smoky bay’ .
was well organized from pick - up to drop off . horses were matched to riding ability and the landscape scenery was beautiful . orsi was knowledgeable and kept an eye on everyone and offered tips and assistance if needed . would highly recommend this tour
the long - shot dream of taking an unraced juvenile horse to the royal ascot carnival took a massive leap forward on monday when filly luck favours thrashed her rivals in a trial at werribee .
every development implies an intervention in the mature cultural landscape . careful planning based on knowledge and understanding is essential to find adequate solutions . so far scientific work in connection with the stud has focused mainly on aspects of hoses breeding and agriculture while the history of the stud premises lies largely in the dark . the objective of the dissertation project is to shed light on the historic connections within the marbach cultural landscape and to explain its significance to lead to a better understanding for the future handling of this unique heritage .
your tour guide will give you all necessary information about riding as well as tell you a little bit about the magnificent icelandic horse : its small stature , gentle demeanour and the five unique gaits .
progressive filly thrillster announced herself as the next banner horse of vobis scheme with a brilliant victory in saturday ' s $ 300 , 000 avenel equine hospital 2yo vobis sires ( 1200m ) at caulfield .
a spur of the moment decision when collecting a horse bought at auction paid dividends for trainer karen parsons when flying filly starvoia started her career in the best possible fashion at riccarton on the weekend .
with a new horse on the roster , an emerging talent and a warhorse that keeps knocking out high quality winners , victoria ' s rosemont is well placed to have a strong breeding season 2016 .
“you know a hell of a lot about nothing , ” he said . “you find 10 different teachers and they all tell you 10 different things . it’s the same thing in the horse business . ”
cambridge stud is owned by brendan and jo lindsay . it was originally established in 1976 after patrick and justine hogan sold their fencourt stud property and purchased land at discombe road cambridge . the selection of sir tristram as their foundation sire would change the landscape of australasian breeding .
so , don’t hesitate . experience the country the authentic way ; on the back of the icelandic horse , and make some amazing holiday memories on this fun - filled tour . check availability by choosing a date .
cambridge stud was established in 1975 and during the nearly four decades since has been progressively developed into the showpiece property you see today , spreading over 1000 acres of the finest horse country new zealand has to offer .
“the horse just does everything so professionally . first time we took him to the beach , first time to the water walker , first time to the races , he just takes it all in his stride . ”
it was an amazing experience . they make sure you ' re comfortable on a horse and not just throwing you on them and hopefully you know what to do . she taught us basic skills and was very pleasant .
it seemed like the perfect way to thank him . astro castro is a horse that i will always follow and always remember and now he will have a little brother or sister by my stallion nostradamus which is even more special . . .
the icelandic horse holds a special place in the hearts of the locals . it arrived here , over a thousand years ago , on the very first ships of the settlers . from that day it has remained a loyal servant and friend to the people .
“we’d come back and wash them down and wipe the sweat off and remember the old saying , ‘the outside of a horse is good for the inside of a man , ’” he said . “i don’t know what is more exciting , the golf or the breeding of horses . ”
with more than 500 years of history the baden - wuerttemberg state stud of marbach is one of the oldest horse breeding institutions of europe . the first written record dates back to 1514 . the stud was established by the dukes of wuerttemberg as their court stud to provide a stimulus for the improvement of horse breeding in the dukedom . it is located in the south - west of germany and is part of the unesco biosphere reserve for the swabian alps . marbach includes 960 hectares of land , three stud yards and four satellite farms . two of them have developed from secularised monasteries .
the sale comes at a time when horse ownership in south africa is declining at about 5 % a year , even though training costs are among the lowest in the world at about r8 000 a month and racing that is open 364 days a year , said lyndon barends , managing director of the national horseracing authority .
the 81 - year - old is asking r50 million ( $ 3 . 7 million ) for the 1 431 - hectare ( 3 , 540 - acre ) ranch in the karoo , a semi - desert landscape almost midway between johannesburg and cape town . player plans to wind down after a career spanning five decades , 165 tournament victories , including nine major championships , and the registered trademark as the world’s most traveled athlete .
generations of horses in their interaction with mankind have shaped the scenery and thereby formed a unique cultural landscape . the spacious stud premises , from administration and residential buildings , stables , barns , historic riding arenas to simple houses for herders at the remote summer stables , are registered as monuments as well as alleys , groups of trees , wells , bridges and open spaces . the architectural heritage is diverse . the origins of some buildings date back to the 16
while leading various horse packing trail adventures for the people coming to the wyoming guest ranch richard took lots of point and shoot images throughout the rides . richard’s wife pushed him to do something with photography rekindling his passion for photography that was dormant for some time . after moving to montana , he had a little more time and invested in better equipment .
richard announces that he is the op “official photographer” for the colorado horse expo . a discussion of on site sales and his need for second shooters . he also needs people to organize viewing and handle sales while he shoots all day long . without on site sales it is likely that sales will be lacking . needs price sheets , order forms , and promotion to get riders to come and see the images .
j•drain mvp & swd provides a simple solution to the many complex drainage problems that occur to horse farms . the narrow cross - section allows for j•drain mvp & swd to be installed without significantly disrupting the natural turf ( see below ) . in many cases the arena can be returned to play the same day . trenches should be dup perpendicular to slope so that they intercept surface run - off as well as drain water from arena .
this was a good introduction to icelandic horses . the horses : they are pony size , super adorable , yet very resilient and spirited . the guide : the main leader speaks very fluent english and is very personable when she gave us a 20 min introduction on the history of icelandic horses and general techniques on how to ride . the actual ride : we spent about 1 . 5 hours on the horse . the
tolt
( special gait that is unique to iceland horses , somewhere between a gallop and a trot ) can be pretty scary and bumpy and was my least favorite part , but when the horses slowed down it was very pleasant . the landscape is very martian ( infact , some of the rocks can only be found on mars ) , which gives it a cool extraterrestrial feeling . the horses are quite spirited so you have to be confident to ride them comfortably . i would recommend this for the free spirited person who ' s not afraid of a little unpredictability , but would not recommend if you are faint at heart .
rowton ch . c . 1826 ( oiseau - katherina ) rowton won a sweepstakes at york at age 2 , and at age 3 went on to win the st . leger stakes at doncaster , beating voltaire and sir hercules ; he won three more major races during his career to age 6 , including the great subscription purse at york and the oatlands handicap at ascot . his second dam was landscape , winner of the oaks stakes . stood at stud in england , where he got virginia , the dam of virago , and then exported to virginia in 1835 , where he was a successful sire .
at the age of 81 , there cannot be any need to hang on to this amount of money . even leaving a legacy is of dubious value , to whoever you love so much . i don’t like to be considered to be promoting any socialist values , but surely put this sort of money to good , value - adding use . follow the actions of the great philanthropists , they realized that one cannot take it with you . maybe it can be put to better use than horse - breeding .
rainbow b . c . 1908 ( walton - iris [ housemaid ] ) first sent to ireland , then to stud in england , and finally sold , in 1823 , to haras de viroflay in france . sired lydia ( 1834 ) and franck ( 1833 ) , both winners of the prix du jockey club ( french derby ) ; georgina ( 1819 ) , second dam of bois roussel and of bakaloum ( french 2 , 000 guineas ) ; elizabeth ( 1823 ) , second dam of oaks winner refraction and ancestress of doncaster . his half - brother , raphael , was barely beaten by whisker in the derby of 1815 ; his half - sister landscape won the oaks .
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mare by bassett arabian . dam of f . mare by bloody - shouldered arabian . dam of f . mare by fox . dam of f . cadena ( 1749 ) by cade . dam of f . mare by snap f . vanessa ( 1751 ) by regulus . dam of c . zaphire ( 1758 ) by ( shepherd ' s ) crab f . shepherdess ( 17 - - ) by ( shepherd ' s ) crab c . presto ( 1763 ) by newcombe arabian c . greyling ( 1766 ) by sedley arabian [ compton barb ] f . mare ( 1768 ) by sedley arabian [ compton barb ] f . mare ( 17 - - ) by sedley arabian [ compton barb ] f . mare ( 17 - - ) by squirrel c . unnamed ( 1771 ) by sedley arabian [ compton barb ] f . mare ( 1774 ) by goldfinder
blockade ch . g . 1929 ( man o ' war - rock emerald ) top american steeplechaser won the grueling maryland hunt cup three years in succession , 1938 - 1940 , setting a course record that stood for twenty years in his last win .
casse tete ch . f . 1865 ( trumpeter - constance ) called weedy and second - rate , she nonetheless was one of the few mares to win the grand national at aintree , in 1872 , a race she contested five times ( falling once ) .
century miss br . f . 1976 ( century - gay chorus ) won the gold slipper stakes and the magic night quality handicap in 1979 . produced 14 foals in australian and new zealand .
le noir blk / br . c . 1889 ( isonomy - knavery ) unraced , his place in pedigrees is as the sire of lady bawn , dam of bachelor ' s double ( railway stakes , irish derby , city and suburban handicap , and others , sire ) , bachelor ' s fare ( dam of free fare , winner on the flat and over obstacles ) , and bachelor ' s wedding ( irish derby , viceroy ' s cup in india ( twice ) ) .
lucero br . c . 1953 ( solonaway - cuguan ) top irish - bred miler in the u . k . , he won the irish 2 , 000 guineas , the coventry stakes and the sussex stakes . his best foal was lucasland , the impressive sprinting race mare who won , among others , the july cup , the diadem stakes , the whatcombe handicap and others and was tail - female ancestress of such horses as sonic lady ( irish and english 1 , 000 guineas , dam of hazaam ) , spanish stakes winner giliberto , champion hungarian sprinter jigadee creek , french sprinter lord of men .
palmyra ch . f . 1872 ( blair athol - firefly ) shared winner of the 1875 german derby .
picture f . 1895 ( russley - queen ' s head ) won the australian jockey club ' s december stakes at age 2 and went on to win the ajc derby at age 3 . her daughter , mother ' s day ( 1909 ) produced the gelded satmoth , winner of the ajc anniversary handicap at the tatt ' s nsw club cup . her second tail - female dam , gazelle ( 1861 ) produced stakes winners burwood and pardon ( vrc oaks stakes ) .
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reykjavík is the capital of iceland and the northernmost capital of any sovereign state in the world .
despite a small population ( approximately 120 , 000 , with just over 200 , 000 in the greater reykjavík area ) , it is a vibrant city that draws an ever increasing number of visitors every year . it is the financial , cultural and political centre of iceland , and has a reputation of being one of the cleanest and safest cities in the world .
much of the current city area was subglacial during the ice age , with the glacier reaching as far as the álftanes peninsula , while other areas lay under the sea . after the end of the ice age , the land rose as the glaciers drifted away , and it began to take on its present form .
the coastline of reykjavík is set with peninsulas , coves , straits and islands , most notably the island of viðey , and seabirds and whales frequent the shores . the mountain ring as seen from the shore is particularly beautiful .
mount esjan is the highest mountain in the vicinity of reykjavík and the most distinctive feature of the coastline . this majestic summit is also highly popular amongst hikers and climbers . other notable mountains that can be seen from the seaside are akrafjall and skarðsheiði .
on clear days , one may even see as far to the legendary snæfellsjökull glacier , at the end of the snæfellsnes peninsula .
the largest river to run through the city is elliðaá in elliðaárdalur valley , which is also one of iceland’s best rivers for salmon fishing .
there are no trains or trams in iceland , but most people travel by car . the city also operates a bus system . there are two major harbours in town , the old harbour in the centre and sundahöfn in the east .
the domestic reykjavík airport is located at vatnsmýrin , not far from the city centre and close to the hill öskjuhlíð and the restaurant , vantage point and exhibition centre perlan . the international keflavík airport at miðnesheiði heath then lies around 50 kilometres ( 31 miles ) from the city .
cars , jeeps and bicycles can be readily rented in the city and many organized tours are also being offered . it is , however , quite easy to walk between the major sites .
the local arts scene is strong in iceland , with annual events and festivals , many of artists from which have hit the international stage .
major events taking place in reykjavík include iceland airwaves , reykjavík pride , riff ( the reykjavík international film festival ) , the reykjavík literature festival , culture night , the reykjavík arts festival , food & fun , the reykjavík fashion festival and the sónar music festival .
amongst the famous people from reykjavík are musicians like björk guðmundsdóttir and sigur rós , and writers halldór laxness ( born on the main street , laugavegur ) and arnaldur indriðason .
those eager to soak up the local culture should visit the city’s many museums , exhibitions and galleries , and check out live music at the cafés , bars , and concert venues dotted around . you could look at the programmes of what’s on at the harpa music hall or the theatres , or else plan a few hours at the lighthouse at grótta , the shopping street of laugavegur , or the old harbour and the flea market .
you could even book a bird - and whale watching tour or a visit to viðey island . there are a lot of things to do and the possibilities are endless .
make sure to visit the public square of austurvöllur , one of the city’s most popular gathering places , where you’ll also find the national parliament , the alþingi , as well as the state church , a statue of independence hero jón sigurðsson , cafés , bars and restaurants .
austurvöllur was central in the protests following the banking collapse of 2008 , along with lækjargata , home to the house of government . you are also not likely to miss the great church of hallgrímskirkja that towers over the city from the hill of skólavörðuholt , from which you’ll get a great view of the city .
try a walk by the city pond , tjörnin , to greet the many birds that frequent the area and to visit the city hall , stationed by its banks . a beautiful park lies by the pond , ideal for a nice walk , and sometimes concerts get held there .
further off is the campus of the university of iceland , the nordic house and the vatnsmýrin wetland , a particularly pleasant place , but be mindful to not disturb the wildlife there by keeping to the pathways .
for a nice swim on a warm day , we particularly recommend nauthólsvík beach , which is heated with geothermal water . those who love a dip should also visit the laugardalur valley , home to one of the city’s best swimming pools , which sits a short walk away from ásmundarsafn gallery , a beautiful botanical garden and a domestic zoo .
a walk by the ægissíða beach , with its old fishing sheds , in the west part of reykjavík also holds a particular charm . from there , you can see all the way to president’s house at bessastaðir , which is also a historical site in its own right , having been the educational centre of iceland for centuries .
another place that offers one of the city’s best views is perlan , up on öskjuhlíð hill . the hill itself is a popular place to spend a few hours , with over 176 , 000 trees and great opportunities for walking and cycling . perlan also has and observation deck with great views , a café and an exhibition centre .
furthermore , the city is a short drive from many of iceland’s major attractions , most famously the golden circle and the blue lagoon . in close vicinity you’ll also find the heiðmörk preservation area , a favourite local site of the people of reykjavík , as well as the blue mountains , one of iceland’s best skiing venues .
finally , we’d like to stress that these are only some suggestions of the many things you might check out in reykjavík . whatever you choose to do , we hope you’ll be able to make the most of your visit and we wish you a pleasant stay in our capital .
the blue mountains are a beautiful mountain range of the tuff type , located around 20 km from reykjavik , by the lava plateau of hellisheidi . the mountains are the most popular skiing venue for the people of reykjavik and its surroundings .
the mountains offer excellent slopes for downhill skiing , cross - country skiing and snowboards . the area is strong with volcanic activity , with frequent earthquakes and the lava that became kristnitokuhraun lava field flowed from there in the year 1000 . kristnitokuhraun is located at the outskirts of the blue mountains . also in the area is the fascinating underworld of the lava tube leidarendi .
kópavogur is a municipality in the capital region of iceland . it is the largest town of those surrounding reykjavík city , as well as being the second most populated municipality in the country at over 32 . 000 residents .
the name of the town translates to ' seal pup bay ' and refers to the seals that reside in the ocean by the shoreline of the town ' s oldest part . the town ' s sigil is green and white and displays the church of kópavogur , the town ' s most notable landmark , and a seal pup .
the town ' s oldest signs of inhabitation are located by kópavogslækur brook at the bottom of the bay , estimated at being from the 9th century . by lake elliðavatn there is a large area of ancient ruins which provides for constant fascination for archaeologists . although the area has long since been inhabited , the name of kópavogur is first found in written documents in the year 1523 . today , the ever - expanding town includes the separate districts of kársnes , digranes , smárinn , fífuhvammur and vatnsendi .
kópavogur was the location for the signing of the documents that established the icelandic nation under the monarch reign of denmark in 1662 , in an event often called kópavogsfundurinn or the kópavogur assembly . years later , during the time of iceland ' s fight for independence , the assembly was referred to as an example of denmark ' s infringement towards the people of iceland .
in the centre of the town lies kópavogsdalur valley and through it runs the brook kópavogslækur , a pretty sight today , but in earlier years used for the disposal of sewage . between the valley and lake elliðavatn , the area greatly consists of hills and miniature headlands , such as leirdalur , hnoðraholt and rjúpnahæð . lake elliðavatn itself contains all the freshwater fish to be found in iceland ; including trout , brown trout , arctic char , salmon and tiddlers . kópavogsleira is a residency for 30 local species of birds , as well as 10 migrating bird species .
kópavogur hosts one of reykjavík ' s two larger shopping malls , smáralind , built in 2010 . close by is smáratorg ; a popular shopping area , and smáraturn ; the tallest building in iceland . in the area of borgarholt , there are various cultural establishments , including a music school , a library , a natural museum and a concert hall . close to kópavogur church , there is the geothermal swimming pool kópavogslaug . the town includes another swimming pool , four public parks , several cultural museums and numerous sports teams , including breiðablik and hk . the town paper is called kópavogspósturinn and has a weekly publication .
elliðavatn is a lake within the greater capital area of reykjavík in south iceland .
the lake was originally two different lakes called vatnsendavatn and vatnsvatn . the former belonged to the town of kópavogur , and the latter to reykjavík , meaning elliðavatn rests on the borders of the two . elliðavatn has a length of about 2 kilometres ( 1 . 2 miles ) and a depth of approximately 1 - 2 metres ( 3 - 7 feet ) .
the lake is fed by the rivers bugðá and suðurá , but the lake’s primary outflow is the river elliðaá . the rivers and lake are popular angling spots for catching arctic char , salmon and brown trout .
reaching into the lake is a spit by the name of þingnes . according to the icelandic book of settlement , þorsteinn ingólfsson , who was the son of iceland’s first permanent settler ingólfur arnarson , called a congress there before the 930 ad formation of alþingi in þingvellir .
pick up starts at 8 : 45 for morning tours and 13 : 15 for afternoon tours . please note that the pick up can take up to 30 minutes . please be at your pickup location in time for your departure . should your pickup location be at a bus stop and you need assistance finding it , seek guidance in your hotel ' s reception or contact your tour provider directly . please be on the lookout for your pickup vehicle .
incredible experience . the guide was very knowledgeable and funny ! i am an experienced rider , but everyone else in my group were beginners so this tour is perfect for every skill level . definitely a highlight of my trip !
this tour was great ! our guide was fun and clearly very experienced . they provided us with waterproof gear , which we really appreciated since it started raining while we were riding . the horses were wonderfully trained and obviously well cared for . the ' tolt ' gait was so smooth ! i would definitely do this tour again .
had a great time riding the horses especially doing the ' tolt ' . orsi was a fun and interesting guide and together with the rest of the staff , they really looked after the group well .
it was wonderful experience . i like begga she is so funny and enthusiastic ! ! the horses are cute and friendly . i got very nice free post cards after as well . highly recommend ! thank you .
was a great experience from pickup to drop - off . our guide ( orsi ) was very knowledgeable and helpful to riders of all abilities ! i would definitely recommend this tour ! you will not be disappointed !
really enjoyed this tour . felt alot shorter than i imagined it would be . but the horses mostly walked or trotted , didnt run so it was relaxing .
continue to reserve a spot on this trip . you can contact us any time to change your booking . choose a date to find availability and see prices
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, who is based at henfield . it is sired by the stallion lando out of the dam universelle .
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richard horst is a nature and equine photographer who manages a ranch where ranches are described in hundreds of acres and he has consciously chosen to bring his family and live where the pace of life is different and the love of horses and nature can be expressed in his heart and through photography which he can share with everyone .
grew up back east around arabian horses . his grandfather had horses , and at his home with his sisters she had two horses , but richard was not happy about having horses because he had to take care of them for his sister every morning .
not until wyoming did he start to enjoy horses again . he appreciated that horses could take him to places nobody else could see . then he and his wife and family moved to manage another ranch in montana . he manages the largest herd of rocky mountain horses in the world . he learned to depend on horses when out in the wild . working together and trusting each other was important .
richard got into photography in high school . he took pictures and processed in the unused bathroom in the basement of his parents house . peter explains that this is just how he started as well .
richard has won some international photo competition with a picture of this daughter in the middle of nowhere with 3 - 4 horses and expansive rolling hills in the background .
we discussed and debated about being a 1 / 3 time photographer or full - time .
what do i do next ? gigi explains that it is interesting to be talking to someone on the cusp of building into a business . you must take the right steps at the right time according to some people who richard has spoken with in the area of nature photography .
we also encourage your to subscribe on itunes so you never miss an episode . this is also where you can leave a rating or comment about the episode or the podcast . more comments and ratings helps others find our podcast on itunes . if you enjoyed the podcast consider leaving a rating and review : subscribe on itunes click here
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the 81 - year - old is asking r50 million for the 1 , 431 - hectare ranch in the karoo .
golfing legend gary player is testing south africa’s prime property market by selling the farm where he spent more than half his life nurturing his other passion of breeding racehorses .
“we’d like to downsize because this is quite a big farm , ” player said by phone . “i don’t think i’ll retire until i’m 90 at least . but we’ve started to prepare . ”
player’s property is coming to market as top - end house prices in south africa buck a slump , helped by a weak rand that has spurred demand from overseas buyers . for the rest , home values are shrinking , hurt by an economy expanding at the slowest pace since the 2009 recession , rising unemployment and turmoil on the political front , in which president jacob zuma is fighting to retain power after being implicated in a series of scandals .
“wealthy people from countries such as angola , ghana and nigeria are increasingly buying homes in south africa , ” said andrew amoils , head of research at new world wealth , a consultancy based in johannesburg . “even the local number of high - net worth individuals increased 5 % this year , ” he said , referring to people who have have more than $ 1 million in liquid financial assets .
prices for real estate going for more than r20 million rose 4 % in the first nine months after being adjusted for inflation , he said . the consumer price index averaged 6 . 2 % through september .
existing homes sold for between r4 . 4 million and r16 . 3 million fell by 1 % in value after inflation this year , according to data compiled by barclays africa group . the price of a so - called affordable home of less than r600 000 dropped 2 . 1 % , while the middle - segment declined 1 . 2 % , said jacques du toit , a real estate analyst at barclays africa group in johannesburg .
“south africa’s high - end property market continues to sell properties at a good pace and is largely unaffected by political and economic headwinds , ” he said . overall house prices are set to fall 1 . 6 % this year , the first contraction since 2012 , and another 1 . 7 % in 2017 , he said .
the farm has attracted a “huge response” from foreigners and locals since going to market in mid - november , said rory o’hagan , the chief executive officer of chas everitt international property group’s luxury - portfolio division .
“property in south africa is offering excellent value , ” he said . “you get incredible bang for your buck . ”
player’s ranch is among several luxury properties on offer from the johannesburg - based realtor . a 243 - hectare family owned farm in stellenbosch , which makes wine and offers views of cape town’s table mountain , is listed for r115 million . a home inside an equestrian estate between johannesburg and pretoria with a japanese teppanyaki bar and alfresco amphitheater is going for r85 million .
britain’s exit from the european union , the election of donald trump as u . s . president , recessions in russia and brazil and political unrest in turkey mean that investing in a trophy property in south africa doesn’t “sound that bad” to potential investors , o’hagan said . and while the rand has gained 14 % against the dollar in 2016 , the currency has weakened each of the previous five years , losing more than half of its value .
there is a shortage of stock at the top - end of south africa’s real estate market and homes priced at between r18 million and r35 million , said denise dogon , the owner of dogon group properties group , which is also marketing player’s farm . her company , which has sold properties to african heads of state , this year got a record r290 million for a house in cape town .
for player , moving to plettenberg bay on the southern coast will be a big change from the farm in colesberg he bought in 1974 . known as rietfontein , the ranch has produced more than 2 , 000 winners . it’s most notable result was broadway flyer , which in 1994 finished second in the st leger stakes , the oldest and longest of britain’s classic races .
“other than my parents dying or some of my family members , it will be the saddest moment in my life to sell this farm , ” player said . “it’s a paradise . ”
breeding race horses is just like practicing golf , said player , who has been an unofficial ambassador for the country’s r5 billion - a - year thoroughbred industry .
the golfer has been interested in horses since childhood . player would ride on a friend’s farm on weekends while his father worked in a gold mine , his brother fought overseas in world war ii and his sister attended boarding school .
gary let me tell you for the karoo that is a small farm . if you do get r50 bar great but it will not be from a person who earns a living farming , it will be a guy who is prepared to fork out r35k per hectare for a lifestyle . it will however filter through to the community and the greater karroo area so we who farm in molteno can look at stronger balance sheets , yay !