manu antiquus is a species of extinct bird of uncertain affinities from the oligocene of new zealand .

it was described by brian marples in 1946 from fossil material ( part of a furcula ) found near duntroon , north otago , in the south island .

marples suggested that it might be an early albatross ; subsequent researchers have speculated that it could be a pelagornithid ; however , its affinities remain uncertain .

the genus name manu is māori for “ bird ” ; the specific epithet antiquus is latin for “ old ” or “ ancient ” .

manu ( bird )

manu bird has had 28 years’ experience in resource management , environmental strategy and natural resource policy development and implementation .
manu bird environmental strategy – specialist land use consultancy which offers a full range of services for land and resource use .
our aim at ngā manu is to release as many birds as possible back into the wild after the rehabilitation process is completed . we will not initiate treatment and care if it is not in the bird’s best interests . the bird must not be in severe pain , or be so badly injured that it is unlikely to survive in the wild on release . sometimes the difficult decision to humanely euthanise is taken .
miskelly , c . m . 2013 . bird of unknown affinities . in miskelly , c . m . ( ed . ) new zealand birds online . urltoken
our name ‘ngā manu’ means ‘the birds’ in te reo māori and it reflects our primary focus – the conservation of new zealand’s native birds .
manu bird provides a comprehensive range of conservation services for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem health . these conservation services include : – biodiversity surveys – ecological assessment of land use impacts – wildlife restoration planning & design – environmental impact assessment – advice on options for biodiversity offsets – full project management of wildlife translocations / transfers .
manu bird consulting offers the service of expert opinion for submissions and advice to legal processes . we have extensive experience in acting as subject matter experts and expert witnesses . this includes : – the auckland unitary plan ( independent hearings panel ) – the environment court ( full hearings , mediation & caucusing ) – private plan changes .
the following are some of the recent projects that represent the experience of manu bird : developing rural subdivision and biodiversity protection policies for the auckland unitary plan . these were presented to the independent hearings panel ( ihp ) scientific advice to simpson grierson and other law firms on topics for the auckland unitary plan scientific advice to [ … ]
the following are other projects that represent the experience of manu bird : consultant landscape designer for the living earth company . including designing the living earth display at the ellerslie flower show contracted to the department of conservation ( doc ) to investigate the impacts of a new wastewater system on the biodiversity of the scientific reserve of [ … ]
marples , b . j . 1946 . notes on some neognathous bird bones from the early tertiary of new zealand . transactions of the royal society of new zealand 76 : 132 - 134 .
manu was brought up on a north canterbury farm where his father instilled in him a land ethic and the need to appreciate that wildlife can coexist with farming . this early advice has lead manu into pursuing a career in resource management and conservation biology . his bachelor of science is in botany and zoology and has a focus on new zealand ' s flora and fauna . his master of science ( hons ) degree is in marine biology where the dynamics of fish assemblages were studied in wellington harbour . after completing his msc thesis , manu was employed by the fisheries research division of the ministry of agriculture and fisheries where he studied the biology and fisheries for shark species . manu has a phd is in conservation ecology and wildlife legislation . manu spent five years at auckland council working on environmental and land use policies for the auckland unitary plan . manu was appointed a research associate of massey university in 2010 where he continues to publish research on biodiversity , policy and legislation . manu has 30 years ' experience in resource management , environmental strategy and natural resource policy development and implementation .
meet po ; a new zealand scaup who will now have a new home at ngā manu . scaup are also known . . . … read more »
ngā manu would like to acknowledge the ongoing support of dr andrea wilson and her team at raumati veterinary centre as well as the team at wildbase , massey university .
manu bird consulting has the experience and staff to offer a full range of landscape design services . we have experience in providing land & property owners with landscape plans from land use consents to full scale rural and urban projects . manu bird consulting has specific experience in rural landscape design for large scale farms to lifestyle blocks . we offer a full range of landscaping services from advice , consultation to landscape design and planting plans . we have experience in giving advice to landowners who intend to protect parts of their property in covenants , either voluntary ( qe ii trust , doc , reserve act ) or statutory ( rma , bushlot ) . we have specialists who can provide advice and guidance on wetland design and implementation for both biodiversity protection and land rehabilitation .
manu bird consulting offers a full range of planning services to land and property owners . we have experts who can provide advice and guidance on all aspects of resource management plan ( rma ) and territorial plan policies and regulations . our team has particular experience with auckland legacy district plans and the auckland unitary plan . we can provide land & property owners will strategic advice and guidance with respect to land use options available under statutory regulations and policies . manu bird consultancy has a team of experienced experts who can meet the research needs of land & property owners . we have experience in conducting research such as , in the fields of land use ( agriculture ) , conservation ( biodiversity ) , resource rehabilitation ( restoring wetlands ) and other areas of environmental resource management .
peru ' s manu biosphere reserve has the highest concentration of bird life on earth . at the time of writing approximately , 925 species have been recorded . ornithologists expect this figure to break the 1000 mark in the near future as remoter areas of the reserve are explored . there are a little under 9000 species of birds in the world , meaning manu holds one in every nine species found on the planet . no other protected area on earth contains so many birds . the biosphere reserve encompasses a great variety of altitudinal zones and habitat types . altitudes vary from over 4000 meters above sea level in the high andes down to 350 meters in the lowland amazonian rain forest . for every 1000 meters gained or lost , the structure of the bird communities differs . this altitudinal variation , coupled with the variety of forest types , grasslands , lakes , and micro - habitats such as bamboo stands , reed - beds , and treefalls , has produced the highest bird count for any area in the world .
i worked with dr bird between 2011 and 2015 while i was employed by the auckland council as team leader unitary plan responsible for leading the preparation of the rural , coastal , natural heritage and natural resource management components of the auckland unitary plan . during this time dr bird provided advice to inform the development of and then expert evidence in support of the council’s approach to regulating for the protection of terrestrial biodiversity including development entitlement based incentives . while i highly valued dr bird’s technical expertise , he stood out for his objective and evidence based approach to problem definition and thorough assessment of the outcomes being achieved by existing approaches . this lead to some challenging advice to promote substantial reforms in this area but which i was confident to support in light of the sound advice and evidence provided by dr bird . i would not hesitate to recommend him for similar work in the future .
brian marples described manu antiquus ( meaning ‘old bird’ ) from a single furcula found in late oligocene ( 26 - 30 million - year - old ) marine deposits near duntroon , north otago . the bone was associated with penguin bones , and marples suggested that it resembled the furcula of an albatross . more recent researchers have considered the bone to be dissimilar to extant albatrosses , and that it may belong to a bony - toothed pelican ( extinct family pelagornithidae ) , but it also differs from the only described pelagornithid furcula . the affinities of manu antiquus remain uncertain .
( bird of unknown affinities ) . furcula in otago museum , holotype , 8 cm long , registration numbers gl1519 , c . 45 . 7 . duntroon , otago , october 1945 . image © otago museum , dunedin by alan tennyson
in the late 19th century , native bird numbers were dropping . to protect the birds , hunting seasons were cut to just a few months each year . from the 1890s , hunting of kererū was sometimes banned completely for a whole year .
mayr , g . ; rubilar - rogers , d . 2010 . osteology of a new giant bony - toothed bird from the miocene of chile , with a revision of the taxonomy of neogene pelagornithidae . journal of vertebrate paleontology 30 : 1313 - 1330 .
manu is an excellent communicator , not only in the sense of clearly , economically and confidently conveying ( if need be complex ) information , but he also has an unusual ability to inspire others . in overview , i can very highly recommend manu . he brings a number of skills and personal attributes including technical ability , creative problem solving , excellent communication , organizational and people skills , and a breadth of knowledge on new zealand conservation .
recently formed islands hold willow loving species such as the orange - headed tanager and river tyrannulet . here in the forests of manu , many species of birds flock together as a defense against predators - more eyes to keep watch . these mixed - feeding flocks are divided into two main types , canopy flocks and mid - story flocks . when the two types of flock join together as they often do for short periods , up to 70 species of bird may be present at one time ! in short , the manu biosphere reserve is home to some of the most important and varied birdlife found anywhere and indeed certain species , such as black - faced cotinga and rufous - fronted antthrush can be seen with certainty only here . truly a paradise for the birdwatcher and for the birds a very important protected area indeed !
if it is safe to do so , cover it in a clean towel and keep it in a warm , quiet and safe place . phone ngā manu nature reserve ( 04 293 4131 ) , the department of conservation or your local vet for advice .
ngā manu is lucky to work with wildbase at massey university and with the department of conservation on the takahē recovery programme . we do not have these recovering takahē on display to the public , but we assist with the rehabilitation and treatment of these magnificent birds .
we offer a full range of services from planning & research through to providing subject matter experts who can represent you at hearings and the environment court . our consultants are experienced in the environmental aspects that affect land use . our landscaping and land use design services can assist land owners with the conservation and maintenance of wildlife and landscape features . our experts are experienced in all relevant aspects of legislation such as the resource management , wildlife and conservation acts . manu bird consulting aims to assist landowners in providing sustainable options for land use and development with landowners gaining the best outcomes for their land assets .
new zealand’s forests provided māori with food in the form of birds – kererū , kākā , tūī and others . birds were cooked in a hāngī , or preserved in fat , and their feathers became cloaks or hair ornaments . the bird - catching season was a central part of tribal life , and there were ceremonies to ensure the hunting went well .
leaving the andes behind with it ' s rushing streams and montane forest , the visitor to manu suddenly finds flat humid tropical forest , the amazon basin proper . here , the manu river is characterized by a meandering , slow flowing watercourse with white sand beaches exposed during the dry season from june to october . these beaches provide valuable nesting habitat and are loaded with nesting and visiting birds . unlike many other river systems in the amazon , birds breed here unmolested . hundreds of black skimmers , large - billed and yellow - billed terns , orinoco geese , pied lapwings , collared plovers and sand - colored nightjars nest along the manu . these beaches are also used by jabiru and american wood - storks , roseate spoonbills , a variety of egrets and herons and in late july and august , many migrating shorebirds from north america on their way to points further south .
the sea and the forest were the main places where māori got their food . birds were needed for protein , as new zealand had no native land mammals to use for meat . for many tribes , the bird - catching season was a vital part of life . many different birds were caught , especially kererū ( new zealand pigeons ) , kākā and tūī .
the team at manu bird consulting have extensive experience in all aspects of the environment . we strongly view that all sections ( land , freshwater & marine ) of the environment are integrated . we provide advice on how environmental aspects of land use can be managed . we seek to guide land use practices to benefit both land owners and the natural resources that are used to achieve a sustainable outcome . we are able to provide a comprehensive range of environmental services that link the sustainable use of land with the need to maintain and conserve biodiversity . please refer to our conservation & biodiversity services where advice and guidance is given for the biodiversity requirements under operative planning policies and regulations .
the forests of the manu drainage vary from varzea forest and transitional floodplain forest to tierra firme forest . these pristine lowland forests hold over 500 species alone and present some of the most tricky but exciting birdwatching in the world . a good ear is essential as many species are only located when the song or call note is recognised . many birds live only in the canopy of the forest and are difficult to see , others only in the middle and understory and others yet are terrestrial . some specialize in creeping up trees and probing for insects , others sally out to catch flying insects or turn over leaf litter in search of anthropods or fallen seeds and fruits . forest - falcons and other winged predators lurk in vine tangles ready to snatch a small bird out of a mixed species flock ! large bamboo stands occur as microhabitats within these forest types and hold some of the rarest and most sought after birds such as the rufous - headed woodpecker , manu antbird , white - cheeked tody - flycatcher , peruvian recurvebill , and long - crested pygmy - tyrant .
part of our work involves the treatment and rehabilitation of native birds . we are part of a nationwide rehabilitation network and specialise in the care of forest birds , rails and waterfowl . kererū and tūī are the most common species brought to ngā manu for treatment . we care for approximately 20 to 40 of each species annually .
dr . manu bird has been part of the unitary plan rural team , which i lead , for the last four of five years . his input into rural areas has been as an advisor on the biodiversity implications of land use and subdivision . he presented evidence before the independent hearings panel on the implications for biodiversity of land use and subdivision in rural areas , and was instrumental in providing evidential support for the council’s approach . as part of the background to the finalisation of the unitary plan strategy on rural land uses and subdivision , and in particular the opportunities for using ecological rehabilitation to generate rights to subdivide . prior to notification of the unitary plan on 30 september 2014 , he carried out some original research which demonstrated the limitations of maintaining current approaches to subdivision that involves subdividing land on which indigenous vegetation has been planted . this work was instrumental in formulating the council’s approach to this type of rural subdivision . i have always found dr . bird’s work to be rigorously carried out . in this respect , his conclusions and opinions could not be challenged during the independent hearings panel hearings . i would not hesitate to recommend him for a position that uses his considerable skills in ecology .
the slow flowing river forms high banks on outside river bends where , hundreds of macaws , parrots and their smaller relatives , congregate to eat clay essential to digestion . the spectacle of hundreds of macaws , the worlds largest members of the parrot family , screaming , wheeling overhead and settling on the clay lick is surely one of the worlds great wildlife shows , worth a trip to manu on it ' s own ! macaws are still common and seven species occur in the forests of manu , unlike many other areas where macaw populations have been severly depleated due to deforestation , hunting and collection for the pet trade . the meandering manu has created many ox - bow lakes in various stages of development , from recently formed to very old , overgrown lakes with almost no water . this is a microhabitat characterized by birds such as sungrebe , sunbittern , wattled jacana , muscovy duck , rufous - sided crake , pale - eyed blackbird , anhinga , agami and boat - billed herons , silvered antbirds , streaked antwrens , red - capped cardinals and the strange prehistoric looking hoatzin .
the forest at this altitude is under much pressure in the rest of south america due to cutting for the growing of tea , coffee and coca . in manu , it remains intact . here mixed - species flocks may contain orange - fronted plushcrown , versicolored barbet , chestnut - breasted wren , cerulean - capped manakin , peruvian piedtail and scores of flycatchers , woodcreepers , tanagers and flowerpiecers .
birds that are brought into ngā manu are checked by staff , or taken to raumati veterinary centre for x - rays , a full check - up and diagnosis . they then begin their rehabilitation process . this involves a stepped process , usually beginning with heated confinement for a period while the birds regain their feeding and perching ability , then through to being housed in small aviaries at first where they are able to regain their mobility and wing strength while being closely monitored in a safe environment . birds are cared for until they reach full independence and are able to be released into larger public aviaries or back into the wild .
the holotype ( an incomplete furcula ) is in the otago museum ( om c . 45 . 7 ) .
olson , s . l . 1985 . the fossil record of birds . pages 79 - 238 in farner , d . s . ; king , j . r . ; parkes , k . c . ( eds ) avian biology , vol . 8 . new york , academic press .
specialist land use consultancy which offers a full range of services for land and resource use . our team of experts will work with you on the land use issues that affect you .
our team of experts will work with you on the land use issues that affect you .
resource management & environmental policy reports auckland council’s indigenous biodiversity strategy . a non - statutory strategy produced for auckland council as an obligation of the resource management act . auckland council’s heritage incentives framework review of heritage incentives for the auckland council heritage incentives policies – multi - criteria analysis review of regulatory incentives for waivers on restrictions of rural [ … ]
kererū are commonly injured after window strikes , often suffering head and neck injuries , broken corticoid , clavicle and wing bones as well as ruptured air sacs . tūī are often presented with head injuries sustained during territorial disputes . nestling and fledgling tūī are often brought in when they have sustained injuries as a result of being mauled , typically by a cat .
on the 9th of march a spotless crake ( porzana tabuensis plumbea ) , or pūweto as it is known to māori , was discovered . . . … read more »
andean travel web guide to peru . copyright andean travel web guide to peru 2000 - 2016 . all material used within this web site is original work and is subject to international copyright law . unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited without prior permission from the editor . this web page was last updated in april 2016
the first europeans to arrive in new zealand often ate native birds . later , māori and european views on catching birds became very different . māori hunted birds for food , but some europeans wanted to hunt them as a sport . laws were made to control how native birds were hunted .
māori argued that the loss of birds was not because of hunting : it was because huge areas of forest were being cleared and the birds were losing their habitats .
in 1922 , hunting most native birds was banned . today , some tribes have conservation projects to save the birds .
the main season for catching birds was from may to july ( autumn–winter ) . some birds were also caught in summer .
a water trough was put in a tree . when the birds came to drink , they were caught .
if birds were to be eaten straight away , they were usually cooked in a hāngī ( earth oven ) . otherwise , they were cooked on a spit over a fire , then preserved in their own fat . this was done at matariki – the māori new year , usually around june . the feathers were used to make cloaks , or were worn in people’s hair .
all text licensed under the creative commons attribution - noncommercial 3 . 0 new zealand licence unless otherwise stated . commercial re - use may be allowed on request . all non - text content is subject to specific conditions . © crown copyright .


sundamys is a genus of rodent in the family muridae , found mostly in indonesia and malaysia .

it contains the following species : mountain giant sunda rat ( sundamys infraluteus ) bartels 's rat ( sundamys maxi ) müller 's giant sunda rat ( sundamys muelleri )

sundamys

baillie , j . 1996 . sundamys muelleri . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 20 july 2007 .
müller ' s giant sunda rat ( sundamys muelleri ) is a species of rodent in the family muridae . it is found in indonesia , malaysia , myanmar , the philippines , and thailand .
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 115422 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1902 locality : rumpin river , about 35 mi from mouth , palawan , pahang , malaysia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 145471 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1907 locality : pulo lamukotan [ = pulau lemukutan ] , borneo , kalimantan barat , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 196749 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : h . raven year collected : 1912 locality : telok karang tigau [ = teluk karangtigau ] , borneo , kalimantan timur , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 151964 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1908 locality : pulo [ = pulau ] sebuku , n end , borneo , kalimantan selatan , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 124691 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1904 locality : banka island [ = pulau bangka ] , tanjong rengsam , sumatra , kepulauan bangka belitung , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 114621 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1902 locality : pulo mansalar [ = pulau musala ] , entrance to tapanuli bay , sumatra , sumatera utara , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 114285 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1902 locality : banjak islands [ = kepulauan banyak ] , pulo [ = pulau ] bangkaru , sumatra , aceh , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 121778 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1903 locality : batu islands [ = kepulauan batu ] , pulo pinie [ = pulau pini ] , sumatra , sumatera utara , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 121765 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1903 locality : batu islands [ = kepulauan batu ] , tana bala [ = pulau tanahbala ] , sumatra , sumatera utara , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 86741 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1899 locality : khow sai dow [ = khao soi dao ] , trang , thailand , asia microhabitat : mountains elevation ( m ) : 305
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 104837 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1900 locality : south natuna islands [ = kepulauan natuna selatan ] , sirhassen island [ = pulau serasan ] , kepulauan riau , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 144393 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1907 locality : rhio archipelago [ = kepulauan riau ] , pulo jombol [ = pulau combol ] , sumatra , kepulauan riau , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 144223 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1906 locality : siak river [ = sungai siak ] , near mouth of gasip river [ = sungai gasip ] , sumatra , riau , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 114384 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1902 locality : banjak islands [ = kepulauan banyak ] , e side of pulo [ = pulau ] tuangku , ujong tambaga , sumatra , aceh , indonesia , asia
type for sundamys muelleri catalog number : usnm 113038 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : female ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : w . abbott year collected : 1901 locality : linga archipelago [ = kepulauan lingga ] , w coast of linga island [ = pulau lingga ] , mentuda bay , sumatra , kepulauan riau , indonesia , asia
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rattus division . endemic to the malay peninsula and islands on the sunda shelf . revised by musser and newcomb ( 1983 ) , whose analysis of morphological traits placed it phylogenetically closer to rattus and kadarsanomys than to other sundaic genera . the close relationship to rattus is corroborated by albumin immunology ( watts and baverstock , 1994 b , 1995 b , 1996 ) , spermatozoal morphology ( breed and yong , 1986 ) , and analyses of line - 1 retrotransposons ( verneau et al . , 1997 , 1998 ) .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
there is a need to compare specimens from borneo and sumatra to determine if these populations represent the same taxon ( k . aplin pers . comm . ) .
justification : listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , possibly large population , occurrence in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species is found in the mountains of sumatra ( indonesia ) and northern borneo ( malaysia , indonesia and possibly in brunei ) . it has an altitudinal range from 920 to 2 , 930 m on mt . kinabalu and mt . trus madi in sabah , and from 700 to 2 , 400 m in sumatra ( musser and carleton 2005 ) .
it may be reasonably abundant . six specimens of this species were recorded recently by md nor ( 2001 ) on mt . kinabalu between 1 , 700 and 2 , 200 m .
very little information exists on the habitat and ecology of this species ( musser and newcomb 1983 ) . according to lim and heyneman ( 1968 ) this species has been recorded from primary forest at two locations , between 1 , 280 and 1 , 645 m in low montane oak forest and between 2 , 145 and 2 , 710 m in mossy forest ( musser and newcomb 1983 ) . musser ( 1986 ) reports that this species is
found in the upper part of lowland tropical evergreen forest and higher in montane forest
. this species is terrestrial ( md nor 2001 ) . it is unknown if it is present in disturbed habitats .
lower elevation populations of this species may be threatened by general loss of habitat through logging and conversion of land to agricultural use .
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justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , it occurs in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species is known from south western peninsular myanmar , peninsular thailand , malay peninsula , sumatra , borneo , and palawan , as well as on the smaller islands of siantan ( anamba island ) , many of the riau islands , tuangku and bangkuru ( banjak islands ) , mansalar ( western sumatra ) , pinie , tanahmasa and tanahbala ( batu islands ) , banka , bunguan and serasan ( natuna islands ) , karimata island ( south western borneo ) , sebuku ( south eastern borneo ) , balembangan and banggi ( northern borneo ) , and balabac , culion , and busuanga ( palawan faunal region ) ( musser and carleton 2005 ) . it does not occur on java .
this species is presumably common , as there are are large series from several collecting localities , but population numbers are likely to be declining .
this species occurs in primary forest and secondary growth ( sanborn 1952 , md nor 2001 ) . it is generally a lowland species , reaching 1 , 650 m on slopes of mt . kinabalu in sabah ( md nor 2001 ) . it is often found near streams and prefers moist habitats ( lim 1970 , esselstyn et al . 2004 ) . it is primarily terrestrial , though it is found on branches of trees ( lim 1970 ) . the diet consists of insects , fruit , leaves and shoots , other vegetable matter , crabs , and land snails ( medway 1969 ; lim 1966 , 1970 ) .
it is likely to be affected by ongoing habitat loss across much of its range . it is probably hunted in non - muslim parts of its range .
described as a species of rattus ( sody 1931 ) , later treated as a subspecies of r . infraluteus ( chasen 1940 ) , but shown to be a very distinctive species and member of the suite of endemic javanese murines ( musser and newcomb 1983 ) . still only represented by specimens collected between 1932 and 1935 by max bartels jr . phylogenetic relationship may be closer to s . muelleri than to s . infraluteus as judged by morphology ( musser and carleton 2005 ) .
amori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority ) & schipper , j . ( global mammal assessment team )
justification : listed as endangered as the range of this species is less than 5 , 000 km 2 , the habitat is severely fragmented , and there is continuing decline in area of occupancy and quality of habitat .
this species is known only from two localities in western java at elevations between 900 and 1 , 350 m ( musser and carleton 2005 ) .
this species is known only from 21 specimens collected by bartels between 1932 and 1935 ( musser and newcomb 1983 ) .
this species is likely terrestrial and lives in tropical evergreen forests ( musser and newcomb 1983 ) . it probably does not occur in degraded habitats .
the major threat is likely to be habitat loss , which has been extensive in the lowlands of java .
it has been recorded at lower elevations of gunung gede - pangrango national park . there is an urgent need for additional survey work to determine the current population status of this species .
type : miller , g . s . 1913 dec 29 . smithsonian miscellaneous collections . 61 ( 21 ) : 16 .
type : miller , g . s . 1913 dec 29 . smithsonian miscellaneous collections . 61 ( 21 ) : 18 .
type : lyon , m . w . 1911 apr 25 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 40 : 102 .
type : miller , g . s . 1913 dec 29 . smithsonian miscellaneous collections . 61 ( 21 ) : 17 .
type : lyon , m . w . 1911 apr 25 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 40 : 103 .
type : miller , g . s . 1913 dec 29 . smithsonian miscellaneous collections . 61 ( 21 ) : 15 .
type : lyon , m . w . 1916 sep 22 . proceedings of the biological society of washington . 29 : 210 .
type : lyon , m . w . 1916 dec 30 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 52 : 448 .
type : lyon , m . w . 1916 dec 30 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 52 : 447 .
type : miller , g . s . 1903 feb 03 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 26 : 461 .
type : miller , g . s . 1900 apr 21 . proceedings of the biological society of washington . 13 : 141 .
type : miller , g . s . 1901 mar 26 . proceedings of the washington academy of sciences . 3 : 119 .
type : miller , g . s . 1902 jun 11 . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences , philadelphia . 54 : 155 .
type : lyon , m . w . 1909 jun 01 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 36 : 484 .
this species is primary forest and secondary growth ( sanborn 1952 ; md nor 2001 ) . it is generally a lowland species , reaching 1 , 650 m on slopes of mt . kinabalu in sabah ( md nor 2001 ) . it is often found near streams and prefers moist habitats ( lim 1970 ; esselstyn et al . 2004 ) . it is primarily terrestrial , though it is found on branches of trees ( lim 1970 ) . the diet consists of insects , fruit , leaves and shoots , other vegetable matter , crabs , and land snails ( medway 1969 ; lim 1966 , 1970 ) .
observations : in the wild , longevity averaged about half a year but some captive animals have been known to live more than 2 years ( ronald nowak 1999 ) .
this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , it occurs in a number of protected areas , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
it is likely to be affected by ongoing habitat loss across much of its range . it is probably hunted in non - muslim parts of its range .
musser , g . g . and m . d . carleton . 2005 . superfamily muroidea . pp . 894–1531 in mammal species of the world a taxonomic and geographic reference . d . e . wilson and d . m . reeder eds . johns hopkins university press , baltimore .
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bulletin of the american museum of natural history , vol . 174 , no . 4
musser , guy g . , and michael d . carleton / wilson , don e . , and deeann m . reeder , eds .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vol . 2
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
comments : morphological , chromosomal , and spermatozoal data suggested s . muelleri is a distant relative of rattus but in the same monophyletic clade ( breed and yong , 1986 ; musser and newcomb , 1983 ; watts and baverstock , 1994b ) . like maxomys surifer , which also has an extensive insular distribution on the sunda shelf ( see that account ) , nearly every island sample of s . muelleri was described as a separate subspecies , some based on real differences in pelage coloration and body size , others diagnosed p . . .
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
sorry , the species or group that you asked for is not on the onezoom tree .
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home > journal of tropical biology & conservation no . 11 / 2014 > cranbrook
a curated database of candidate human ageing - related genes and genes associated with longevity and / or ageing in model organisms .
a curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling .
projects focused on gene expression profiling of ageing and of dietary manipulations of ageing , such as caloric restriction .
software for ageing research , including the ageing research computational tools ( arct ) perl toolkit .
a curated database of ageing and life history information in animals , including extensive longevity records .
the benchmark genome assembly and annotation of the long - lived , cancer - resistant naked mole - rat ( heterocephalus glaber ) .
a high - coverage genome of the bowhead whale ( balaena mysticetus ) , the longest - lived mammal .
analyses using the anage database to study the evolution of longevity and ageing in vertebrate lineages .
a portal of ageing changes covering different biological levels , integrating molecular , physiological and pathological age - related data .
the whosage database contains people and biotech companies that are contributing to increase our understanding of ageing and life - extension .
in the wild , longevity averaged about half a year but some captive animals have been known to live more than 2 years [ 0434 ] .
comments , suggestions , ideas , and bug reports are welcome . please contact us .
a very interesting bornean endemic that lives in the montane forests of trus madi , crocker range , kinabalu and lumaku . it can be quite noisy when scared as shown in the video .
ella mai – boo ' d up ( remix ) ft . nicki minaj & quavo


chaetodon falcula , the blackwedged butterflyfish or falcula butterflyfish , is a species of butterflyfish ( family chaetodontidae ) .

it is found in the indian ocean , from eastern africa south to 27 ° s and east to indonesia .

it grows to a maximum of 20 cm ( nearly 8 in ) long .

its shape is reminiscent of longsnout butterflyfish , though the snout is not as extremely prolonged and the pattern is very different .

the body is white with a series of narrow vertical dark grey lines and bright yellow and orange over the back , dorsal fin , anal fin and caudal fin .

there are two well-defined black saddles on the back , and as usual the characteristic black eye-band of chaetodon is present .

the blackwedged butterflyfish is found on the reef edge and upper slope .

it prefers current-prone habitats 1 – 20 m deep .

it mainly feeds on invertebrates .

it belongs to the large subgenus rabdophorus which might warrant recognition as a distinct genus .

in this group , the closest relative of this peculiar species is the similar-looking pacific double-saddle butterflyfish or " false falcula " , c. ulietensis .

other fairly close relatives are the quite differently-shaped but similarly colored lined ( c. lineolatus ) and spot-naped butterflyfishes ( c. oxycephalus ) , while the blue-cheeked butterflyfish ( c. semilarvatus ) seems to be a far more basal lineage relative to all of these .

the bluish vertical lines are present in all of these , while a white body with yellow behind and black on back and caudal peduncle are only shared among the four less ancient species .

chaetodon falcula

frédéric ducarme marked
file : chaetodon falcula maldives . jpg
as trusted on the
chaetodon falcula
page .
nick hope added the english common name
falcula butterflyfish
to
chaetodon falcula bloch , 1795
.
jennifer hammock chose to hide data on
chaetodon falcula bloch , 1795
.
falcula butterflyfish , small : over 1 - 1 . 5
, indian ocean
falcula butterflyfish , medium : over 1 . 5 - 3 . 5
, indian ocean
falcula butterflyfish , large : over 3 . 5 - 5 . 5
, indian ocean
some species of the chaetodon genus are grouped together in what is known as a
complex
, since they are so very similar .
there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for chaetodon falcula . this species is likely to be present within marine protected areas . monitoring of this species is needed in conjunction with coral monitoring , as well as determination of the degree of co - dependence between this species and corals . research is needed to establish the dietary requirements for this species .
the falcula butterflyfish , also known as the saddle back butterflyfish , is a popular addition to more aggressive aquariums . one of the more durable butterflyfish in the industry , it will actively compete for food against other tankmates .
found on the reef edge and upper slope . usually in current - prone habitats ; juveniles secretive in corals ( ref . 48636 ) . generally seen in pairs or in small aggregations ( ref . 4858 ) . feed mainly on invertebrates ( ref . 6113 ) . oviparous ( ref . 205 ) . form pairs during breeding ( ref . 205 ) . indian ocean species counterpart of sibling chaetodon ulietensis which is found in western and central pacific ( ref . 90102 ) .
found on the reef edge and upper slope . usually in current - prone habitats ; juveniles secretive in corals ( ref . 48636 ) . generally seen in pairs or in small aggregations ( ref . 4858 ) . feed mainly on invertebrates ( ref . 6113 ) . oviparous ( ref . 205 ) . form pairs during breeding ( ref . 205 ) . indian ocean species counterpart of sibling chaetodon ulietensis which is found in western and central pacific ( ref . 90102 ) .
greek , chaite = hair + greek , odous = teeth ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 1 - 15 m ( ref . 9710 ) . tropical ; 25°n - 27°s , 34°e - 141°e
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 20 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5372 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 12 - 13 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 23 - 25 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 20 - 21 .
distinct pairing ( ref . 205 ) . monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social ( ref . 52884 ) .
heemstra , p . c . , 1986 . chaetodontidae . p . 627 - 632 . in m . m . smith and p . c . heemstra ( eds . ) smiths ' sea fishes . springer - verlag , berlin . ( ref . 5372 )
) : 26 . 2 - 29 . 3 , mean 28 . 2 ( based on 766 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 02291 ( 0 . 01123 - 0 . 04674 ) , b = 3 . 01 ( 2 . 84 - 3 . 18 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 ±0 . 37 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 15 of 100 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : while there is no information on the diet of this species it is likely to be an obligate corallivore . coral depletion may cause some declines , but there is no data on temporal trends in the abundance of this species . this is a widespread species and common . it is listed as least concern .
this species ranges throughout the tropical indian ocean from kenya to northern south africa on the east african coast , madagascar including the western and central indian ocean islands , southern india , sri lanka , nicobar and andaman islands ( india ) and western thailand east to java ( g . r . allen pers . comm . 2006 ) . it is found at depths of 1 - 15 m .
british indian ocean territory ; comoros ; french southern territories ( mozambique channel is . ) ; india ; indonesia ; kenya ; madagascar ; malaysia ; maldives ; mauritius ; mayotte ; mozambique ; myanmar ; seychelles ; south africa ; sri lanka ; tanzania , united republic of ; thailand
this species is common . while it is may be reliant on live coral , there is no information on population trends for this species .
this species occurs in areas of rich coral growth in lagoons or on seaward reefs ( allen 1980 , g . r . allen pers . comm . 2006 ) . it is usually seen in pairs or small aggregations that may contain as many as 20 individuals ( allen 1980 ) . there is not data on the diet of this species , but it is assumed to feed on hard and soft corals , like the sister species c . ulientensis ( m . pratchett pers . comm . 2009 ) .
this species is sometimes collected for the aquarium trade ( g . r . allen pers . comm . 2006 ) . it is frequently exported from sri lanka ( allen 1980 ) .
2008 ) . currently there have been no documented declines associated with coral loss , and there appear to be no other major threats to this species .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
butterflyfish are not recommended for reefs as they may pick at or eat a wide variety of corals , fan worms , and other invertebrates . most butterflyfish may be known to pick at aiptaisia , a parasitic anemone .
the saddleback butterflyfish can occasionally be resistant to accepting a captive diet but can be enticed with a small anemone or rock of aiptaisia . eventually it will learn to adjust to itís new diet by following the example of itís tankmates . feed a varied diet of small meaty foods , as well as other commercially frozen preparations .
due to availability and individuality of each species , colors and sizes may vary .
source : bernard e . picton / cc - by - sa - 3 . 0
when the fish can find its natural food in the aquarium it requires less frequent feeding .
these fish should be kept in a well run aquarium where they can
graze
algae from rocks and stones .
if there are insufficient algae on the rocks , it is important to feed more frequently and supplement with algae rich food e . g . spirulina .
regardless of resemblance , it is important to be able to distinguish them , as in some cases they vary greatly in their needs . sometimes there are just small differences in colour or pattern , but in other instances it is vital to know where the fish originally come from .
the butterflyfish are known for their attractive patterns and colours . they are closely related to angelfishs , but can always be distinguished , as they lack the spines on each side of the head of the angelfish .
a smaller group of these fish will seek out primairily soft corals , like zoanthus . a larger part of the species will target different types of lps corals . butterflyfish are also known to seek out anemones , tubeworms and bristleworms .
therefore it is important to choose the correct species in relation to the corals wanted , if one desires to keep butterflyfish in a coral - aquarium . bristleworms , tubeworms and other small invertebrates are also a part of the diet for many butterflyfish .
it can be problematic , with many of these species , to get them eating in the beginning , but many of the species cannot resist live zooplankton or live mussels with crushed shells . another option is to mimic their natural behaviour by stuffing their food into coral skeletons or stones .
they ignore most other fish and are generally peaceful , therefore multiple butterflyfish will have no problem living together . one should however be cautious about keeping similar species together unless they are a couple .
as these fish can be difficult to acclimatize and get feeding , it is important to buy healthy fish , to avoid having to deal with more problems . make sure to check that they do not have parasites or any visible infections .
there are some species that should not be kept in an a aquarium , as they are food specialists and will almost always refuse to eat replacement foods . it can be possible to breed some species , which will eat frozen foods . otherwise the only way to keep food specialists is by feeding them their natural diet , which consists of live sps or lps corals for example .
scott w . michael . 2004 . angelfishes and butterflyfishes ( reef fishes series book 3 ) tfh publications / microcosm ltd . - ( english ) bob fenner . butterflyfishes ; separating the good ones and those you don ' t want - wet web media - ( english ) collection of links to additional information - wet web media - ( english ) tea yi kai . 2014 . reef nuggets 2 : aquatic lepidopterans for your reef ( revised edition ) - reef builders - ( english )
froese , r . and d . pauly . editors . 2014 . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . urltoken , version ( 08 / 2014 ) .
minimum volume
indicates the size of the tank needed to house this species under optimal conditions .
this is based on a medium size animal , which you want to keep for several years . it might be possible to keep smaller specimens for a limited period in a smaller tank . a larger tank might be needed for fully - grown specimens .
hardiness
indicates how resistant this species is to disease and how well i tolerates bad conditions in general . some species doesn ' t handle transportation very well , but that doesn ' t mean that the species isn ' t hardy under the right conditions .
in this case , a
normal
aquarium is a reef aquarium with mixed corals or a fish only aquarium with an approximately salinity of 1 . 026 ( sg ) and a temperature close to 26°c . species requiring more than a 4000 - liter tank are considered not suitable for home aquarium .
special aquariums may cover tanks with low salinity , sub - tropical temperature , deep sand bed , sea grass etc .
always reef safe : no sources indicate that this species will harm corals or other invertebrates .
often reef safe : only a few aquarists has reported problems keeping this species with corals and other invertebrates .
reef safe with caution : this species may be a threat to some types of invertebrates .
reef safe with luck : most specimens will harm corals and / or other invertebrates , but you might be lucky .
not reef safe : this species is a threat to most corals and / or other invertebrates .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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in an exceptional site , on the side of the gulf of morbihan , the . . .
in an exceptional site , on the side of the gulf of morbihan , the aquarium of vannes accomodates hundreds of fish species from the whole waters of the world . during the french school holidays , do not miss our demonstrations ( feeding . . . )
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cnemaspis alwisi ( alwis 's day gecko ) is a species of diurnal gecko endemic to island of sri lanka .

adults measure 33 – 40 mm ( 1.3 – 1.6 in ) in snout – vent length .

cnemaspis alwisi

cnemaspis alwisi mendis wickramasinghe & munindradasa 2007 cnemaspis alwisi — manamendra - arachchi et al . 2007
animalia chordata reptilia squamata sauria gekkonidae cnemaspis c . alwisi cnemaspis alwisi alwis’s day gecko alwisge divasari huna
group : the c . alwisi group ( 4 species : cnemaspis alwisi , c . punctata , c . rammalensis , and c . rajakarunai sp . nov . ) is characterized by femoral pores present and precloacal pores absent , mid subcaudal scales extremely large , and abdominal scales smooth ( wickramasinghe et al . 2016 ) .
cnemaspis is a genus of diurnal gecko found in asia . with around 75 species it is one of the most diverse genera of geckos or even lizards . sri lanka group cnemaspis alwisi mendis wickramasinghe & munindradasa , 2007 wickramasinghe & munindradasa , 2007 ; alwis ' s day gecko ( e ) ; alwisge diva huna ( s ) endemic .
barts , m . 2007 . sechs neue taggeckos aus der gattung cnemaspis . draco 7 ( 30 ) : 93 - 96 - get paper here
wickramasinghe , l . j . mendis ; dulan ranga vidanapathirana , r . m . gayan priyankara rathnayake 2016 . cnemaspis rajakarunai sp . nov . , a rock dwelling day - gecko ( sauria : gekkonidae : cnemaspis ) from salgala , an unprotected lowland rainforest in sri lanka . zootaxa 4168 ( 1 ) : 092–108
vidanapathirana , dulan ranga ; m . d . gehan rajeev , nethu wickramasinghe , samantha suranjan fernando & l . j . mendis wickramasinghe & l . j . mendis wickramasinghe 2014 . cnemaspis rammalensis sp . nov . , sri lanka’s largest day - gecko ( sauria : gekkonidae : cnemaspis ) from rammalakanda man and biosphere reserve in southern sri lanka . zootaxa 3755 ( 3 ) : 273–286
wickramasinghe , l . j . mendis ; & d . a . i . munindradasa 2007 . review of the genus cnemaspis strauch , 1887 ( sauria : gekkonidae ) in sri lanka with the description of five new species . zootaxa 1490 : 1 - 63 - get paper here
manamendra - arachchi , kelum ; batuwita , sudesh & pethiyagoda , rohan 2007 . a taxonomic revision of the sri lankan day - geckos ( reptilia : gekkonidae : cnemaspis ) , with description of new species from sri lanka and southern india . zeylanica 7 ( 1 ) : 9 - 122
the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .
over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .
the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .
overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .
the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .
currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .
the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .
the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
type locality : dolukanda , kurunegala , sri lanka , ( n 07° 37’ 07 . 8” e 80° 24’ 50 . 3” , elevation 152m ) .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
holotype : nmsl 2004 . 9 . 1 , adult male , 39 . 92 mm svl , 23 . 12 . 2003 , collected by l . j . mendis wickramasinghe and d . a . i . munindradasa .
the species is an eponym in the latin genitive singular honouring lyn de alwis , for his initiative in igniting a research culture in the country leading to conservation of wildlife resources .
beolens , bo ; michael watkins , and michael grayson 2011 . the eponym dictionary of reptiles . johns hopkins university press , baltimore , usa - get paper here
karunarathna , suranjan ; d . m . s . and a . a . thasun amarasinghe 2011 . a preliminary survey of the reptile fauna in nilgala forest and its vicinity , monaragala district , sri lanka . taprobanica 3 ( 02 ) : 69 - 76
somaweera , r . & somaweera , n . 2009 . lizards of sri lanka : a colour guide with field keys . chimaira , frankfurt , 304 pp .
continent : asia distribution : sri lanka ( retigala and maragala mountains , nilgala area ) type locality : dolukanda , kurunegala , sri lanka , ( n 07° 37’ 07 . 8” e 80° 24’ 50 . 3” , elevation 152m ) .
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322cf308 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322cf46e - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3232ccf7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 33d4e645 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
uetz p . & hošek j . ( 2018 ) . the reptile database ( version dec 2015 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 68d65866 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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sri lanka reptile | a guide to reptile of sri lanka . . . www . srilankareptile . com . . . |
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. . . . : : : : : : endemic geckos of sri lanka : : : : : : . . . .
a large rock dwelling gecko from the dry zone of sri lanka . inhabits rocky biotope , such as granitic caves within savannah and monsoon forests and a single cave may house up to about 50 individuals . they leave their rocky habitat by dusk to adjoining vegetation by dusk to the adjoining vegetation and return in the morning . distributed in the monsoon forests of the eastern parts of the country , such as nuvaragala , monaragala , nilgala , galoya national park , buttala and ampara in south - eastern sri lanka .
a common day - active lizard from the midhills of the central province . diurnal , active in rocky substrates and low trunks of trees , and occasionally entering manmade structures , such as thatched huts and cow - sheds . populations referred to this species from the southern western ghats , the andaman and nicobar islands , and other parts of south - east asia are not conspecific with this species .
a diurnal , crepuscular species , often found in pairs , on large trees and on rocks . widespread in sri lanka and more common in dry zone than in the wet . mainly confined to large boulders . localities include gammaduwa , palmadulla , ritigala and kandy .
a narrow headed gecko , restricted to middhills of sinharaja world heritage site . inhabits small , cave - like rocky areas adjoining forest streams .
known only from tonacombe estate , namunukulla , badulla district . known only from a small montane patch , under planted with cardamom and surrounded by tea plantations , where it is found in tree trunks , ca . 2 - 4m above ground , with heavy growth of moth and ferns .
a large forest gecko from the midhills of sri lanka . inhabits trees and other arboreal perches within forested habitats , this nocturnal lizard also known to bask in direct sun shine during the day . known localities include peradeniya , gampola , manikdena and hakgala .
this species found in the western slopes of the central hills of sri lanka . active on tree trunks 1 . 5 - 2 . 5m above ground or on moss - covered boulders . known only from ramboda , near garandi fall , at an elevation of 780m .
a bent - toed gecko that is endemic to the knuckles region . found in cardamom barns and from walls of tea plantation estates buildings , and also , tree trunks in densely shaded areas and rock caves from high altitudes to lower slopes such as meemure .
restricted to dolahena estate , near morningside forest reserve , adjacent t and east of the sinharaja world heritage site . found on tree trunks in cardamom plantation adjoining a tea garden . the lizard seems restricted to rakwana hills , an unprotected area .
a small , dark , turnip tailed ( when regenerated ) gecko from sri lanka’s midhills , below 700m . found under and inside of decaying fallen logs . at knuckles , it is found inside houses , under piles of wood . known localities include teldeniya , hunnasgiriya , rangala , udadumbara , peradeniya , gammaduwa , kitulgala and the knuckles massif .
a dainty , ground - dwelling gecko from the dry plains of the north below 300m . crepuscular , hiding under rotting timber and leaves during the day and emerging at dusk to forage . tail is kept curled - up . known areas of occurrence lies north east and north central provinces ( yakhuna ) and north and north western provinces ? ? ? ? ? ( zonatus ) , in localities such as mannar , puttalam , puliyankulam , polonnaruwa , giritale , sigiriya and menikdena .
an arboreal species found from the plains , found in trees , boulders and caves and sometimes enter houses . known localities include sigiriya , minneriya , kantale , maho , giritale , mankulam , alutnuvara , hunugalla , elkaduva , rattota , gammaduwa , kandy , teldeniya , knuckles range , vakvella , palutupana , balangoda and vannativillu .
| no : 1 / 112 , hapugoda | ambatenna | sri lanaka . 20136 .
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