cryptolechia neargometra is a moth in the depressariidae family .

it was described by wang in 2003 .

it is found in china ( shaanxi , gansu ) .

cryptolechia neargometra

the present paper reports thirty - three species of the genus cryptolechia in china . fifteen speciesare described as new to science : c . deflecta sp . nov . , c . kangxianensis sp . nov . , c . microbyrsa sp . nov . , c . falsivespertina sp . nov . , c . cornutivalvata sp . nov . , c . fasciruptasp . nov . , c . neargometra sp . nov . , c . paranthaedeaga sp . nov . , c . sp . nov . , c . stictifascia sp . nov . , c . jigongshanica sp . nov . , c . mirabilis sp . nov . , c . anthaedeaga sp . nov . , c . gei sp . nov . and c . varifascirupta sp . nov . the genital structures of the new species are illustrated .
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1879 are widely used for mass rearing of trichogramma spp . and other parasitoids and predators , largely commercialized in many countries . the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide ( co2 originated from larval metabolism on the biological parameters of a .
. for that purpose , we assess the production of carbon dioxide ( co2 per rearing tray of a .
and the effect of co2 on the viability of egg - to - adult period and oviposition of a .
. results allow to estimate that a rearing tray , containing 10 , 000 larvae between the 4th and 5th instars , produces an average of 30 . 67 ml of co2 per hour . the highest egg production of a .
was obtained when the larvae were kept in rooms with lower concentration of co2 ( 1 , 200 parts per million - ppm , producing 23 % more eggs than in rooms with higher co2 concentrations . in rooms with high density of trays ( 70 trays / room , co2 concentration exceeded 4 , 400 ppm . the viability of the egg - to - adult period was not influenced by carbon dioxide . ovos de
, 1879 sã£o muito utilizados para a criaã§ã£o massal de trichogramma spp . e de outros parasitã³ides e predadores , sendo comercializados em muitos paãses . o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do diã³xido de carbono ( co2 , proveniente do metabolismo larval , em parã¢metros biolã³gicos de a .
, principalmente na postura . para que este objetivo fosse atingido , foram avaliados a produã§ã£o de diã³xido de carbono ( co2 por bandeja de criaã§ã£o de a .
e o efeito do co2 na viabilidade do perãodo ovo - adulto e na postura de a .
. por meio dos resultados obtidos pã´de - se estimar que uma bandeja de criaã§ã£o , com lagartas entre o 4â° e 5â° ãnstares , inoculada com 10 . 000 lagartas produz , em mã©dia , 30 , 67 ml de co2 por hora . a maior produã§ã£o de ovos de a .
efeito de produtos fitossanitã¡rios utilizados na cultura do tomateiro ( lycopersicon esculentum mill . sobre trichogramma pretiosum riley , 1879 nas geraã§ãµes f1 e f2 em ovos de
, 1879 effect of pesticides used on tomato crop ( lycopersicon esculentum mill . on trichogramma pretiosum riley , 1879 in f1 and f2 generations on
. os ovos desse hospedeiro foram tratados e oferecidos ao parasitismo decorridas 0 , 24 e 48 horas apã³s o tratamento , e mantidos em cã¢maras climã¡ticas a 25 â± 2âºc , ur de 60 â± 10 % e fotofase de 14 horas . os inseticidas deltametrina , abamectin e metamidofã³s , independentemente da linhagem de t . pretiosum , reduziram a longevidade de fãªmeas da geraã§ã£o maternal . triflumuron , clorfluazuron , benomil , clorotalonil , bacillus thuringiensis , mancozeb , dimetomorf , tebufenozide , teflubenzuron , acefato , pirimicarbe , iprodiona , metamidofã³s e ciromazina nã£o afetaram a capacidade de parasitismo de t . pretiosum na geraã§ã£o f1 , independentemente da origem da populaã§ã£o , e nã£o afetaram a porcentagem de emergãªncia dos indivãduos da geraã§ã£o f2 , das duas linhagens . two trichogramma pretiosum riley , 1879 populations from alegre es = l9 and venda nova do imigrante , es = l10 ( brazil were treated with the main pesticides used on tomato crop after reared on
eggs . the eggs were treated and submitted to parasitism on 0 , 24 and 48 hours and kept in climatic chambers at 25 â± 2 âºc , 60 â± 10 % rh and 14 hours photophase . the longevity of t . pretiosum ( mother females , independently of strain , was decreased for insecticides deltamethrin , abamectin and methamidophos . no influence was detected in the parasitism capacity in f1 generation of t . pretiosum with the products triflumuron , chlorfluazuron , benomyl , chlorotalonil , bacillus thuringiensis , mancozeb , dimetomorf , tebufenozide , teflubenzuron , acefate , pirimicarb , iprodione , methamidophos and ciromazine , and these compounds did not effected the emergence in f2 generation of this parasitoid , independently of
abstract . aimed to evaluate the biological development of ceraeochrysa cubana hagen immature stages fed on eggs of the mothsubmitted to different food substrates with ingredients on different concentrations ( % : corn flour ( 50 % + wheat flour ( 50 % + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast ( 3 % ; transgenic corn flour ( 50 % + wheat flour ( 50 % + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast ( 3 % ; breadcrumbs ( 97 % + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast ( 3 % ; breadcrumbs ( 48 . 5 % + wheat flour ( 48 . 5 % + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast ( 3 % ; rice flour ( 97 % + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast ( 3 % ; rice flour ( 48 . 5 % + wheat flour ( 48 . 5 % + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast ( 3 % ; oatmeal ( 97 % + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast ( 3 % ; oatmeal ( 48 . 5 % + wheat flour ( 48 . 5 % + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast ( 3 % . we evaluated the period of each larval stage , complete larval period , pre pupal + pupal period , and larva to adulthood period , larval and pupal feasibility . diets with oatmeal provided for moth promote greater time for the predator reach adulthood , with rice flour low sex ratio and with breadcrumbs low pupal feasibility . diets formulated with corn flours + brewerã¢â¬â¢s yeast are most recommended for ephestia
full text available normal 0 21 false false false pt - br x - none x - none microsoftinternetexplorer4 este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do armazenamento de ovos de a .
, em condiã§ãµes de baixas temperaturas , sobre os seguintes parã¢metros biolã³gicos do t . pretiosum : capacidade de parasitismo , viabilidade aparente e razã£o sexual . este bioensaio foi composto de seis tratamentos , sendo : 0 ( testemunha , 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 e 25 dias de armazenamento numa temperatura de 4 â± 1â°c . apã³s cada perãodo de armazenamento , os ovos foram submetidos ao parasitismo por um perãodo de 24 horas , em sala climatizada com temperatura de 25 â± 1â°c , umidade relativa de 70 â± 10 % e fotofase de 12 horas . observou - se que , a capacidade de parasitismo do t . pretiosum nã£o ã© afetada com o armazenamento de ovos de a .
por um perãodo de atã© 20 dias em ambas as geraã§ãµes . a porcentagem de emergãªncia foi maior na geraã§ã£o f1 . o perãodo de armazenamento nã£o afetou a razã£o sexual . o armazenamento de ovos inviabilizados de ovos a . kuehnella pode ser incorporado como importante etapa no estabelecimento de tã©cnica de criaã§ã£o de t . pretiosum para pesquisa ou mesmo em programas de controle biolã³gico aplicado .
full text available hundreds of plant species have been studied in order to find out the active ingredient responsible for their insecticidal activity against the pests of economic importance . to verify the insecticidal activity in the husk of stem of croton urucurana baillon 1864 ( euphorbiaceae against
1879 ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , the methanolic ( emeoh extract , dichloromethane fraction ( fdm , ethyl acetate fraction ( fae and crude resin , incorporated into an artificial diet were evaluated . emeoh ( 0 . 5 , 1 . 0 and 2 . 0 % and crude resin ( 2 . 0 % interfered with neither the weight nor the survival of fourth instar larvae and other analyzed parameters . fdm ( 2 . 0 % fraction caused mortality of 65 % , and the artificial diet containing 2 . 0 , 1 . 0 and 0 . 5 % fae caused 100 , 55 and 68 % mortality respectively when compared with the control , confirming the least efficiency rates of food conversion for fdm ( 2 . 0 % and fae ( 1 . 0 % . the tryptic analysis performed with the midgut fluid of fourth - instar larvae demonstrated that tryptic and chymiotryptic activities for the larvae fed artificial diet containing emeoh and crude resin were not different . atualmente centenas de plantas sã£o investigadas para se conhecer os princãpios ativos responsã¡veis pela atividade inseticida contra as diversas pragas de importã¢ncia econã´mica . com o objetivo de verificar a atividade inseticida das cascas do caule de croton urucurana baillon 1864 ( euphorbiaceae em relaã§ã£o a
1879 ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , avaliou - se o extrato metanã³lico ( emeoh , fraã§ã£o diclorometano ( fdm , a fraã§ã£o acetato de etila ( fae e a resina in natura , os quais foram adicionados ã dieta artificial . o emeoh ( 0 , 5 , 1 , 0 e 20 , % e a resina in natura ( 2 , 0 % , nã£o interferiram no peso , sobrevivãªncia das larvas de 4âª ãnstar , bem como nos demais parã¢metros analisados . a fraã§ã£o fdm ( 2 , 0 % causou mortalidade de 65 % , e a dieta artificial contendo 2 , 0 , 1 , 0 , e 0 , 5 % de fae causou 100 , 55 e 68 % de
selective agrochemicals including herbicides that do not affect non - target organisms such as natural enemies are important in the integrated pest management ( ipm ) programs . the aim of this study was to evaluate the herbicide toxicity , selectivity and hormesis of nicosulfuron , recommended for the corn zea mays l . ( poaceae ) crop , on 10 trichogrammatidae ( hymenoptera ) species . a female of each trichogramma spp . or trichogrammatoidea annulata de santis , 1972 was individually placed in plastic test tubes ( no choice ) with a cardboard containing 45 flour moth
full text available avaliaram - se as caracterãsticas biolã³gicas de cinco linhagens de t . pretiosum riley ( hym . : trichogrammatidae , coletadas em plantios comerciais de tomate , e criados em ovos de a .
e s . cerealella ( olivier . a taxa de parasitismo das cinco linhagens variou de 56 , 1 a 68 , 6 % , quando o hospedeiro foi a .
, sendo superior ã do hospedeiro s . cerealella . a viabilidade de todas as linhagens , quando criadas em ovos de s . cerealella , foi superior a 90 % ; no entanto , somente nas linhagens provenientes de afonso clã¡udio e venda nova do imigrante ã© que a viabilidade das linhagens de trichogramma criadas em ovos de s . cerealella , foram significativamente maiores que as criadas sobre a .
. a longevidade dos descendentes submetidos ao parasitismo foi superior para todas as linhagens quando criadas em ovos de a .
. ambos os hospedeiros podem ser empregados na criaã§ã£o massal das cinco linhagens estudadas . contudo , tomando - se por base a taxa de parasitismo e a qualidade da progãªnie , o hospedeiro a .
demonstrou ser superior a s . cerealella . the biological characteristics of five lineages of t . pretiosum riley ( hym . : trichogrammatidae , collected from tomato crops , and reared in a .
and s . cerealella ( olivier eggs were evaluated . the parasitism rate of the lineages , varied from 56 , 1 to 68 . 6 % , when the host was a .
, being higher than for s . cerealella . the viability of all lineages , when reared in s . cerealella eggs , was superior to 90 % ; however , only those lineages reared in s . cerealella eggs and collected in afonso clã¡udio and venda nova dos imigrantes ( espirito santo state , brazil were significantly higher than those reared on a .
. the longevity of the offspring submitted to the parasitism , was higher in all the lineages reared in a .
eggs . all five lineages can be mass reared using both hosts . however , considering the parasitism rate and the quality of the
biotechnological techniques allow the investigation of alternatives to outdated chemical insecticides for crop protection ; some investigations have focused on the identification of molecules tailored from nature for this purpose . we , herein , describe the negative effects of water - soluble lectin from moringa oleifera seeds ( wsmol ) on
development . the chitin - binding lectin , wsmol , impaired the larval weight gain by 50 % and affected the activity of the pest ' s major digestive enzymes . the commitment of the digestive process became evident after controlled digestion studies , where the capacity of protein digestion was compromised by > 90 % . upon acute exposure , the lectin was not resistant to digestion ; however , chronic ingestion of wsmol was able to reverse this feature . thus , we show that resistance to digestion may not be a prerequisite for a lectin ' s ability to exert negative effects on larval physiology . the mechanism of action of wsmol involves binding to chitin with possible disruption to the peritrophic membrane , causing disorder between the endo - and ectoperitrophic spaces . additionally , results suggest that wsmol may trigger apoptosis in gut cells , leading to the lower enzymatic activity observed in wsmol - fed larvae . although assays employing an artificial diet did not demonstrate effects of wsmol on a .
mortality , this lectin may hold potential for exerting insecticide effects on other pest insects , as well for use in other experimental approaches , such as wsmol - expressing plants . moreover , the use of wsmol with other biotechnological tools , such as ' pyramid ' crops , may represent a strategy for delaying the evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops , since its multiple site targets could act in synergism with other insecticide compounds . copyright â© 2017 elsevier inc . all rights reserved .
full text available species of the trichogramma genus are among the most important ones for biological control . the objective of this research was to evaluate parasitism potential of two species of trichogramma on eggs of
kuheniella through life fertility table , at temperatures between 15âºc and 35âºc . these species were collected in the state of espãrito santo parasitising eggs of the avocado defoliator nipteria panacea . trichogramma pretiosum and t . acacioi showed adequate reproductive potential between 15âºc and 35âºc which indicates possibilities of using them in biological control programs in avocado plantations .
full text available introduction : the suitable weather conditions of iran makes it as one of the most talented country in producing of the various agricultural products such as grapes and raisins and has a great history in this field . raisin is a commercial dried fruit , produced by drying of ripe seedless grapes by the moisture content of 16 % . a major problem in the production , storage and marketing of stored products is infestation by insect pests . a number of insect species pose a potential threat to a variety of stored products . the oryzaephilus surinamensis l . and ephestia
. have a widespread distribution in the most part of the world . these species are recognized as the cosmopolitan pests attacking stored - products and cause serious losses both in quantity through feeding damage and quality by contaminating the product with its cast skin and frass . considering economic importance of pests and problems arising from the use of chemical insecticides and fumigants , it is necessary to replace them with the other appropriate methods . the traditional methods of pest control , while having many advantages such as ease of operation and low cost , have some disadvantages such as slow operations , creation of environmental pollution residues , negative impact on product quality and health hazards on the operator . the use of alternative methods seems to be necessary because of concerns about the health hazards of chemical pesticides and its environment pollution . the researches has been conducted on the ionizing radiation , controlled atmosphere , cold treatment , conventional hot air or water heating and novel radio frequency and microwave dielectric heating for controlling the insects . the microwave heating is based on the transformation of alternating electromagnetic ï¬eld energy into thermal energy by affecting the polar molecules of a material . the most important characteristic of the microwave heating method is volumetric heating . dielectric heating which
( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . the fungus was added in stored wheat at two dose rates , 200 and 400 ppm , at two temperature levels , 20 and 25 â°c alone or in combination with the diatomaceous earth formulation silicosecâ® . mortality of the exposed individuals was measured after . . . . . . 7 , 14 and 21 d of exposure . for both t . confusum adults and larvae , mortality was higher at 20 than at 25 â°c . in the case of t . confusum larvae , after 14 d of exposure , mortality on wheat treated with the highest dose of p . fumosoroseus with silicosecâ® was signiwcantly higher than that of silico . . .
de rebat ( 2008 ) . [ 5 ] - b . doumandji - mitichi . etude d ' un ravageur des denrã©es stockã©es e . kuehiella , am . el harrach . ( 1997 ) . [ 6 ] - f . taibi . etude comparã©e du dã©veloppement et de la reproduction chez deux ravageurs des denrã©es stockã©es ephestia
( mkz ) type operators . we first introduce a general sequence of mkz operators based on q - integers and then obtain a korovkin - type approximation theorem for these operators . we also compute their rates of convergence by means of modulus of continuity and the elements of lipschitz class functionals . furthermore , we give an rth order generalization of our operators in order to get some explicit approximation results .
( both lepidoptera : pyralidae ) , exhibit daily rhythms in calling behavior . the peak in p . interpunctella calling occurs at dusk , whereas e .
calls preferentially at dawn . this behavior turned arrhythmic in p . interpunctella females in constant darkness ( dd ) and remained arrhythmic in constant light ( ll ) , whereas e .
females showed a persistent rhythm in dd and suppression of the behavior in ll , indicating regulation by a circadian clock mechanism . the rhythm of male locomotor activity corresponded well with the sexual activity of females , reaching the peak at dusk in p . interpunctella and at dawn in e .
. an immunohistochemical study of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide , corazonin , and pigment dispersing factor revealed distinct sets of neurons in the brain - subesophageal complex and in the neurohemal organs of the 2 species .
, na cultura do tomateiro , em diferentes estã¡gios fenolã³gicos e sistemas de conduã§ã£o das plantas . a dispersã£o de t . pretiosum , 24 horas apã³s a liberaã§ã£o , foi de 7 , 37 a 7 , 94 m . a ã¡rea de dispersã£o foi de 120 , 20 a 138 , 72 mâ² . o parasitismo foi de 53 , 1 % a 87 , 3 % , e significativo de acordo com o estã¡gio fenolã³gico da cultura . a liberaã§ã£o dos parasitã³ides para o controle de tuta absoluta ( meyrick deve ser feita em 75 pontos por hectare . the dispersion capacity of trichogramma pretiosum riley was studied on
eggs , in tomato field in different phenological stages and systems of conduction of the plants . the dispersion of t . pretiosum , 24 hours after the liberation , attained 7 . 37 to 7 . 94 m . the dispersion area was 120 . 20 to 138 . 72 mâ² . parasitism varies from 53 . 1 % to 87 . 3 % and it is significant according to the phenological stage of the crop . the parasitoids liberation for the control of tuta absoluta ( meyrick should be done in 75 points per hectare .
the effect of gamma radiation for controlling insects in grain and grain products appear to have some advantages over conventional control methods . the main advantages of gamma radiation is that , it is quick and completely effective when used in proper doses , no chemical residues on the treated commodity and also no undesirable changes in irradiated food . the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on e .
which is considered one of the most important insects in egypt . a - effect of gamma irradiation on different developmental stages of e .
. b - effect of gamma irradiation on mating competitiveness . 14 tabs . , 10 figs . , 97 refs .
salem , y . s . ; ahmed , m . y . y . ; el - banby , m . a . ; abdel - baky , s . m .
z . were irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation to study the effect of irradiation on immature stages , pupation , emergence , malformation and sex ratio of the produced insects . mortality percent of irradiated larvae was increased progressively with increasing the dose . sublethal doses retarded the duration of the immature stages . there was a gradual decrease in adult eclosion and adult longevity with increasing the dose . fecundity and fertility of the resulting adults were gradually reduced with the increase of the dose . no complete sterility occurred after larval irradiation . malformed adults of both sexes increased as the dose was increased
( agaricales ) , an interesting basidiomycete adapted to arid environments is recorded for the first time from a sample collected on sandy soil in the northern zone of chile . its mature fruiting body is described . taxonomic and ecological comments are also addressed .
full text available a espã©cie , trichogramma pratissolii querino & zucchi ( hymenoptera : trichogrammatidae foi recentemente coletada em plantios de abacate , persea americana mill . ( lauraceae , e pode representar uma alternativa no controle biolã³gico de lepidã³pteros pragas dessa cultura . assim , objetivou - se neste trabalho avaliar o desempenho de t . pratissolii criado em ovos de
( lepidoptera : pyralidae e corcyra cephalonica ( stainton ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , sob diferentes temperaturas utilizando tabelas de vida de fertilidade . a criaã§ã£o de a .
foi mantida com dieta ã base de farinha de trigo integral , milho e levedura de cerveja , enquanto para c . cephalonica foi utilizada dieta ã base de farelo de arroz , levedura de cerveja e aã§ãºcar . t . pratissolii foi criado nos hospedeiros , utilizando - se a tã©cnica de colagem de ovos em cartolina azul . foram determinadas a duraã§ã£o mã©dia da geraã§ã£o ( t , taxa lãquida de reproduã§ã£o ( ro , razã£o infinitesimal de aumento ( r m e razã£o infinita de aumento ( î» para as temperaturas de 15 ; 21 ; 24 ; 27 ; 30 e 33 â±1âºc , com 70â±10 % de umidade relativa e fotofase de 14 horas . a melhor condiã§ã£o tã©rmica para desenvolvimento de t . pratissolii em a .
e c . cephalonica foi a 27âºc , enquanto o melhor hospedeiro nessa temperatura ã© c . cephalonica . the specie , trichogramma pratissolii querino & zucchi ( hymenoptera : trichogrammatidae was recently collected in avocado plantations , persea americana mill . ( lauraceae , and therefore might be an alternative biological control agent for lepidopteran pests in this crop . thus , this work evaluated the performance of t . pratissolii parasitizing eggs of
( lepidoptera : pyralidae and corcyra cephalonica stainton ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , under different temperature regimes through fertility life table method . the host a .
was reared using diet constituted of whole wheat meal , corn meal and yeast , while c . cephalonica was
ahmed , m . y . y . ; abdel - baky , s . m . ; el - bamby , m . a . ; salem , y . s .
( zell . ) was studied . percent mortality of irradiated pupae increased gradually with increasing the dose . the dose 10 krad delivered to 1 - 2 day old pupae prevented adult emergence , while the dose 60 krad gave rise to 100 % mortality of the full grown pupae . there was a gradual decrease in the percent of adult eclosion as a result of pupal irradiation at both ages . life span of adults of both sexes , irradiated in the pupal stages , was shortened as the dose increased . the doses 25 and 45 krad induced complete sterility for females and males , respectively . male pupae were more radioresistant than females . the fecundity and fertility were decreased by increasing the dose . the greater reduction in fecundity and fertility was obtained when both sexes were treated and mated together rather than when one sex only was treated . ( author )
( lepidoptera : gelechiidae criadas em tubã©rculos de batata , foram estudadas em laboratã³rio a 25 â± 1âºc , 70 â± 10 % de umidade relativa e fotofase de 14 horas . a longevidade dos machos foi de 33 , 4 dias e das fãªmeas foi de 31 , 7 dias , a sobrevivãªncia foi de 100 % atã© o sexto dia para ambos os sexos , e o nãºmero mã©dio total de ovos por fãªmea de p . operculella foi 195 , com viabilidade de 46 , 3 % , quando esses foram alimentados com soluã§ã£o de mel a 10 % . some biologic characteristics of phthorimaea operculella (
( lepidoptera : gelechiidae reared in potato tubers was studied in laboratory at 25 â± 1âºc , relative humidity of 70 â± 10 % and photophase of 14 hours . the male longevity it was 33 . 4 days and the female longevity it was 31 . 4 days , the survivor it was 100 % until the 6âº day for both sex , the total number of eggs per female of p . operculella it was 195 , with viability of 46 . 3 % , when these adults received a solution of honey at 10 % .
pytelkovã¡ , jana ; hubert , j . ; lepå¡ãk , martin ; å obotnãk , jan ; å indelka , radek ; kåãå¾kovã¡ , i . ; horn , martin ; mareå¡ , michael
* plant - insect interaction subject riv : ce - biochemistry impact factor : 3 . 042 , year : 2009
biological aspects of eriopis connexa ( germar ( coleoptera : coccinellidae fed on different insect pests of maize ( zea mays l . and sorghum [ sorghum bicolor l . ( moench .
full text available eriopis connexa ( germar ( coleoptera : coccinellidae occurs in several countries of south america and its mass rearing is important for biological control programmes . this work evaluated biological aspects of e . connexa larva fed on eggs of
( lepidoptera : pyralidae and spodoptera frugiperda ( j . e . smith ( lepidoptera : noctuidae frozen for one day , fresh eggs of diatraea saccharalis ( fabricius ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , s . frugiperda newly - hatched caterpillars , nymphs of rhopalosiphum maidis ( fitch and schizaphis graminum ( rondani ( hemiptera : aphididae . duration of larva , pupa and larva to adult stages differed among prey offered , whereas the prepupa stage was similar . larva , pupa , prepupa and larva to adult viabilities were equal or major of 87 . 5 % in all prey , except for larva fed on newly - hatched larvae of s . frugiperda . eriopis connexa has good adaptation to different prey corroborating its polyphagous feeding habit , which evidences the potential of this natural enemy for controlling corn and sorghum pests .
molina , rosa m . s . ; parra , jose r . p .
the purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of trichogramma atopovirilia oatman and platner , 1983 and t . pretiosum riley , 1879 as agents of control of ecdytolopha aurantiana ( lima , 1927 ) ( lepidoptera : tortricidae ) , an important citrus pest in sao paulo state ( south - east brazil ) . in order to provide subsidies to programs of biological control with these parasitoids , studies of biology in different temperatures , thermal requirements and parasitism capacity were carried out . the temperatures ( 18 , 20 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 30 , and 32 deg c ) did not affect the sex ratio , however , female longevity of both species was higher at 22 and 25 deg c . the temperature of 25 deg c tended to be more suitable to both emergency rate and female longevity . the egg - adult period for both trichogramma species was inversely proportional to temperature . the thermal requirements of the two species were very close , about 108 dd ( degree days ) . neither the natural rearing host , e . aurantiana , nor the alternative host
, 1879 ) ( lepidoptera , pyralidae ) , affected the number of parasitized eggs per trichogramma female . the parasitism rate and the number of emerged adults per egg on e . aurantiana eggs were higher than on a .
eggs . however , the emergency rate was higher when the parasitoids were reared on a .
eggs . both trichogramma species could be tested in the field for citrus fruit borer control . the thermal requirements and the parasitism capacity also could be good parameters for selection of trichogramma species / strains . ( author )
biology and thermal requirements to trichogramma spp . selection for ecdytolopha aurantiana control ; selecao de trichogramma spp . , para o controle de ecdytolopha aurantiana , com base na biologia e exigencias termicas
molina , rosa m . s . ; parra , jose r . p . [ escola superior de agricultura luiz de queiroz ( esalq / usp ) , piracicaba , sp ( brazil ) . dept . de entomologia , fitopatologia e zoologia agricola ] , e - mail : rmsmolina @ ig . com . br , e - mail : jrpparra @ esalq . usp . br ; fronza , vanoli [ empresa de pesquisa agropecuaria de minas gerais ( epamig ) , uberaba , mg ( brazil ) ] , e - mail : vanoli @ urltoken
biologia e parasitismo de trichogramma atopovirilia oatman & platner e trichogramma pretiosum riley ( hymenoptera , trichogrammatidae em ovos de spodoptera frugiperda ( j . e . smith ( lepidoptera , noctuidae biology and parasitism of trichogramma atopovirilia oatman & platner and trichogramma pretiosum riley ( hymenoptera , trichogrammatidae on eggs of spodoptera frugiperda ( j . e . smith ( lepidoptera , noctuidae
full text available comparou - se a capacidade de paratisimo e o desenvolvimento de trichogramma atopovirilia oatman & platner e t . pretiosum riley visando ã seleã§ã£o da espã©cie mais adequada para o controle de spodoptera frugiperda ( j . e . smith . os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratã³rio ã temperatura de 25â±2âºc , u . r . de 70â±0 % e fotoperãodo de 14l : 10e . tanto t . atopovirilia como t . pretiosum desenvolveram - se bem e mostraram - se adaptados a ovos de s . frugiperda , mesmo apã³s serem criados por vã¡rias geraã§ãµes em ovos de
. entretanto , fãªmeas de t . atopovirilia foram mais agressivas e de maior especificidade ã praga , jã¡ que apresentaram maior capacidade de parasitismo em posturas com diferentes barreiras fãsicas e maior aceitaã§ã£o pelo hospedeiro natural , em relaã§ã£o ã a .
. por este maior parasitismo e especificidade de t . atopovirilia aos ovos da praga , deve - se dar preferãªncia ã utilizaã§ã£o desta espã©cie para controle de s . frugiperda . the parasitism capacity and development of trichogramma atopovirilia oatman & platner and trichogramma pretiosum riley were studied in order to select the most suitable species to control spodoptera frugiperda ( j . e . smith . the experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions at 25â±2âºc , 70â±10 % rh and 14l : 10d photoperiod . both t . atopovirilia and t . pretiosum showed good development and adaptation to s . frugiperda eggs even after being reared for several generations in eggs of
. however , t . atopovirilia females were more aggressive and showed higher specificity to the pest , with a higher parasitism capacity in eggs laid with different physical barriers and were more accepted by the natural host in comparison with a .
. because of the higher parasitism rate and specificity of t . atopovirilia to the pest ' s egg this species should be given preference to control s . frugiperda .
ei - orabi , m . n . ; sawires , s . g . ; antonious , a . g . ; salama , s . i .
full text available generalist predators are capable of consuming different types of prey , and as each prey may have distinct nutritional values , each may have a distinct impact on the biology of the predator . therefore , the aim of this study was to determine how the consumption of different prey influences certain biological characteristics and the predatory capacity of orius insidiosus ( say . the investigation was performed in climatic chamber at 25 â±1 âºc , rh 70 â± 10 % and fotophase 12 . eggs of
, adults of caliothrips phaseoli ( hood and nymphs of aphis gossypii glover were used as prey and were provided daily ad libitum for all the mobile stages of the predator . the results showed that biological parameters of o . insidiosus are affected differently depending on the type of prey ingested . the development time of the nymphal stage was 13 . 1 , 11 . 23 and 10 . 25 days for o . insidiosus feeding on eggs of a .
, nymphs of a . gossypii and adults of c . phaseoli , respectively . longevity was five times larger for adults fed on eggs of a .
( 56 . 25 days compared to that of adults that preyed on nymphs of a . gossypii ( 11 . 44 days , and four times larger when the prey were adults of c . phaseoli ( 13 . 58 days . the consumption of eggs of a .
by predator females resulted in a shorter pre - oviposition period ( 3 . 2 days and a longer oviposition period ( 44 . 4 days when compared to the consumption of other types of prey . in addition , fecundity was increased with the consumption of eggs of a .
( 195 . 25 eggs laid / female when compared to feeding on the other prey , c . phaseoli ( 70 . 00 eggs laid / female or a . gossypii ( 22 . 50 eggs laid / female . however , the consumption of aphids was larger ( 148 . 28 nymphs / nymphal stage than that of thrips ( 74 . 10 thrips / nymphal stage or eggs of a .
( 37 . 03 eggs / nymphal stage for all of the nymphal stages of the predator . the results indicate that the eggs of a .
jordao , alexandre l . , e - mail : aljordao @ urltoken [ instituto de pesquisas cientificas e tecnologicas do estado do amapa ( iepa ) , macapa , ap ( brazil ) ; nakano , octavio , e - mail : onakano @ esalq . usp . b [ escola superior de agricultura luiz de queiroz ( esalq / usp ) , piracicaba , sp ( brazil ) . dept . de entomologia e acarologia ; janeiro , vanderly , e - mail : vjaneiro @ urltoken [ universidade estadual de maringa ( uem ) , pr ( brazil ) . dept . de estatistica
reproduction of most insects depend on nutrients accumulated during the larval stage , but many lepidopteran species will also depend on nutrients obtained at the adult stage . feeding at the adult stage allows the intake of carbohydrate and amino acid rich solutions , which may have an effect on the species reproduction and population growth . the objectives of the current study were to characterize the effects of sugar consumption by adults of the potato tuber moth , phthorimaea operculella (
) , on its reproduction . to initially test the food intake by adults , a 10 % honey solution or water ( control ) , both containing a liquid dye were offered to adult insects 24 h after emergence , and the presence of the dye was observed by analysis of their digestive system . the effects of adult feeding on a 10 % honey solution on the reproductive performance of p . operculella were evaluated by assessing the oviposition rate , fecundity and fertility . adult feeding was proved by the presence of the dye within the digestive system of adults of p . operculella . although the oviposition rate and fertility were not affected by adult feeding , female fecundity was higher in honey - fed females as compared to the water - fed females . ( author )
potrich , michele ; silva , everton l . da ; neves , pedro m . o . j . ; alves , luis f . a . ; daros , alaxsandra ; haas , jucelaine ; pietrowski , vanda
trichogramma pretiosum riley and the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae are efficient biological control agents and are thought to be used jointly . in here , we investigated if these entomopathogens could have any side - effects on t . pretiosum . therefore , 1 x 8 cards containing sterilized eggs of
) that were sprayed with 0 . 2 ml of b . bassiana or m . anisopliae ( 1 . 0 x 10 9 conidia / ml ) were offered to a t . pretiosum female for 24h ( 30 cards / fungus = 30 replicates ) . afterwards , females were isolated in glass tubes . the control group was sprayed with sterile distillated water + tween 80 ( 0 . 01 % ) . in addition , 60 cards with sterilized eggs of a .
were submitted to parasitism by females of t . pretiosum for 24h . of these cards , 30 were sprayed with b . bassiana or m . anisopliae and 30 with distillated water + tween 80 ( 0 . 01 % ) , and observed daily until parasitoid emergence . metarhizium anisopliae decreased parasitoid emergence and caused confirmed mortality . therefore , field and semi - field experiments should be conducted for a final assessment of the side - effects of these entomopathogens on trichogramma as a ways to develop a control strategy in which both can be used . ( author )
potrich , michele ; silva , everton l . da ; neves , pedro m . o . j . [ universidade estadual de londrina ( uel ) , pr ( brazil ) . centro de ciencias agrarias ] , e - mail : profmichele @ urltoken , e - mail : evertonloz @ urltoken , e - mail : pedroneves @ uel . br ; alves , luis f . a . ; daros , alaxsandra [ universidade do oeste do parana ( unioeste ) , cascavel , pr ( brazil ) . centro de ciencias biologicas e da saude . lab . de zoologia de invertebrados ] , e - mail : lfaalves @ unioeste . br ; haas , jucelaine ; pietrowski , vanda [ universidade do oeste do parana ( unioeste ) , marechal candido rondon , pr ( brazil ) . centro de ciencias agrarias ] , e - mail : jubarth @ urltoken , e - mail : vandapietrowski @ urltoken
) that were sprayed with 0 . 2 ml of b . bassiana or m . anisopliae ( 1 . 0 x 10 { sup 9 } conidia / ml ) were offered to a t . pretiosum female for 24h ( 30 cards / fungus = 30 replicates ) . afterwards , females were isolated in glass tubes . the control group was sprayed with sterile distillated water + tween 80 ( 0 . 01 % ) . in addition , 60 cards with sterilized eggs of a .
[ selectivity of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae to trichogramma pretiosum riley ( hymenoptera : trichogrammatidae ) ] .
) that were sprayed with 0 . 2 ml of b . bassiana or m . anisopliae ( 1 . 0 x 10 ( 9 ) conidia / ml ) were offered to a t . pretiosum female for 24h ( 30 cards / fungus = 30 replicates ) . afterwards , females were isolated in glass tubes . the control group was sprayed with sterile distillated water + tween 80 ( 0 . 01 % ) . in addition , 60 cards with sterilized eggs of a .
were submitted to parasitism by females of t . pretiosum for 24h . of these cards , 30 were sprayed with b . bassiana or m . anisopliae and 30 with distillated water + tween 80 ( 0 . 01 % ) , and observed daily until parasitoid emergence . metarhizium anisopliae decreased parasitoid emergence and caused confirmed mortality . therefore , field and semi - field experiments should be conducted for a final assessment of the side - effects of these entomopathogens on trichogramma as a ways to develop a control strategy in which both can be used .
( lepidoptera , tortricidae from the coastal valleys of northern chile , with the first continental record of e . galapagana razowski & landry
( lepidoptera , tortricidae from the coastal valleys of northern chile , with the first continental record of e . galapagana razowski & landry . eccopsis
, 1852 is reported for the first time from chile . eccopsis razowskii vargas , n . sp . is described and illustrated based on specimens reared from larvae collected on native acacia macracantha willd . ( fabaceae in the coastal valleys of the northern chilean desert . eccopsis galapagana razowski & landry , 2008 , previously known only from the galapagos islands , ecuador , is recorded for the first time from continental south america . larvae of the latter were collected in northern chile feeding on prosopis alba griseb ( fabaceae .
ã© considerada atualmente uma das principais pragas da batata . o uso de resistãªncia varietal para controle desse inseto ã© uma alternativa promissora , mas que ainda precisa ser melhor pesquisada . a resistãªncia de genã³tipos de batata ã traã§a foi avaliada , em condiã§ãµes de laboratã³rio , analisando - se o efeito de folhas e tubã©rculos sobre a biologia do inseto . comparou - se tambã©m o desenvolvimento da traã§a em folhas de batata e tomate . os experimentos foram conduzidos com os clones de batata nyl 235 - 4 e n 140 - 201 ( ambos com tricomas glandulares tipo a nas folhas , as cultivares aracy , apuã£ e itararã© e a cultivar de tomate santa clara . os insetos foram criados em folãolos e tubã©rculos dos genã³tipos , avaliando - se a duraã§ã£o e a viabilidade das fases larval e pupal e o peso de pupas . o desenvolvimento do inseto nã£o foi afetado nas folhas dos genã³tipos de batata , mesmo nos materiais com tricomas glandulares . entretanto , em folhas de tomate houve aumento do perãodo larval e diminuiã§ã£o do peso de pupas , sendo este substrato menos favorã¡vel ao desenvolvimento da traã§a quando comparado ã s folhas de batata . em testes com tubã©rculos , o clone nyl 235 - 4 apresentou resistãªncia a p . operculella , provocando reduã§ã£o significativa na viabilidade larval e alongamento desta fase . o clone n 140 - 201 afetou o desenvolvimento do inseto de forma menos pronunciada , alongando a fase larval .
a new species of gelechiidae is described as anarsia innoxiella sp . n . , based on differences in morphology and biology . it is closely related to and has hitherto been confused with the peach twig borer , anarsia lineatella
, 1839 . whereas larvae of the latter feed on â and are known . . . . . . study has shown no evidence for changing the present taxonomic status of these two taxa . we discuss also the status of the genus ananarsia amsel , 1957 . the new species a . innoxiella is widely distributed in europe and is often found in the same areas as a . lineatella , but the latter species does . . . . . . to be a pest of â prunus species ( rosaceae ) , the larva of a . innoxiella feeds on acer species ( sapindaceae ) . all known synonyms of a . lineatella are discussed in detail , including anarsia lineatella subsp . heratella amsel , 1967 , from afghanistan and a . lineatella subsp . tauricella amsel , 1967 , from turkey . our . . .
full text available tabela de vida de fertilidade de trãªs espã©cies neotropicais de trichogrammatidae em ovos de hospedeiros alternativos como critã©rio de seleã§ã£o hospedeira . o objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar o hospedeiro alternativo que permita o melhor desenvolvimento das trãªs espã©cies neotropicais de tricogramatãdeos , trichogramma atopovirilia oatman & platner , 1983 ; trichogramma bruni nagaraja , 1983 e trichogrammatoidea annulata de santis , 1972 , utilizando - se como parã¢metro comparativo as tabelas de vida de fertilidade nos respectivos hospedeiros . foram estimados a duraã§ã£o mã©dia de uma geraã§ã£o ( t , taxa lãquida de reproduã§ã£o ( ro , razã£o infinitesimal ( r m e a razã£o finita de aumento ( î» . a tabela de vida de fertilidade pode ser utilizada para selecionar o hospedeiro alternativo mais adequado para as espã©cies de tricogramatãdeos . corcyra cephalonica ( stainton , 1865 ( lepidoptera , pyralidae foi o hospedeiro alternativo mais adequado para criaã§ã£o de t . annulata e de t . bruni , enquanto que para t . atopovirilia ,
, 1879 ( lepidoptera , pyralidae e / ou c . cephalonica foram os hospedeiros mais adequados . sitotroga cerealella ( olivier , 1819 ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae apresentou baixa capacidade de aumento populacional para as trãªs espã©cies de parasitã³ides , sendo , portanto , uma espã©cie inadequada como hospedeiro alternativo para as mesmas . the objective of this work was to select the factitious host that permit the best development of three neotropical trichogrammatidae species , trichogramma atopovirilia oatman & platner , 1983 ; trichogramma bruni nagaraja , 1983 , and trichogrammatoidea annulata de santis , 1972 , using the fertility life table on their respective hosts as a comparative parameter . mean generation time ( t , net reproductive rate ( ro , intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r m and the finite rate of increase ( î» were estimated . a fertility life table is useful to select the most adequate factitious hosts for the
, mature 5 t h instar larvae were exposed to gamma radiation dosages ranging from 50 - 350 gy at 50 gy increment and the effects of gamma radiation on pupation , adult emergence and sex ratio were investigated . in addition , effects of irradiation on the rate of development to pupae and adults and the acceptance of irradiated larvae by b . hebetor females were examined . results showed that the radio - sensitivity of e .
larvae increased with increasing dose . pupation was significantly affected at 100 gy dose , and completely prevented at 350 gy dose . adult emergence was only slightly different from pupation ; emergence was significantly affected at 100 gy dose and completely prevented at 300 gy dose . irradiation also negatively affected the rate of development of larvae to pupae and adults . while more than 98 % of control larvae pupated within 10 days of treatment , this ratio decreased to about 79 % in larvae exposed to 50 gy and less than 4 % in larvae exposed to 100 gy dose . the rate of development to the adult stage was also similarly affected . while 97 % of control insects emerged as adults in the 1st 20 days of treatment , this ratio decreased to about 53 , 2 and zero percent in larvae exposed to 50 , 100 and 150 gy dose respectively . in addition , irradiation significantly affected male : female ratio ; sex ratio was skewed in favor of males , and at 250 gy dose all emerged moths were males . furthermore , irradiation had no adverse effect on the degree of acceptance of mature larvae to parasitization ; irradiated insects were as acceptable to b . hebetor females as unirradiated ones . ( author )
are described from serpentine mines in persea ( family lauraceae . phyllocnistis hyperpersea , new species , mines the upper leaf surfaces of avocado , persea americana mill . , and red bay , persea borbonia ( l . spreng . and ranges over much of the southeastern united states into central america . phyllocnistis subpersea , new species , mines the underside and occasionally upper sides of new leaves of persea borbonia in southeastern united states . phyllocnistis longipalpa , new species , known only from southern florida also mines the undersides of new leaves of persea borbonia . phyllocnistis perseafolia , new species , mines both leaf surfaces and possibly fruits of persea americana in colombia , south america . as in all known species of phyllocnistis , the early instars are subepidermal sapfeeders in young ( not fully hardened foliage , and the final instar is an extremely specialized , nonfeeding larval form , whose primary function is to spin the silken cocoon , at the mine terminus , prior to pupation . early stages are illustrated and described for three of the species . the unusual morphology of the pupae , particularly the frontal process of the head , is shown to be one of the most useful morphological sources of diagnostic characters for species identification of phyllocnistis . coi barcode sequence distances are provided for the four proposed species and a fifth , undescribed species from costa rica .
full text available bracon hebetor say , 1857 ã© um ectoparasitã³ide larval de vã¡rias espã©cies de piralãdeos que atacam grã£os armazenados , sendo considerado um agente potencial de controle biolã³gico dessas pragas . assim , a biologia de b . hebetor foi estudada em condiã§ãµes controladas de temperatura ( 25 â± 2â°c , umidade relativa ( 60 â± 10 % e fotoperãodo ( fotofase de 14 horas , sobre sete espã©cies de lepidã³pteros ,
, corcyra cephalonica stainton e sitotroga cerealella ( olivier ( hospedeiros naturais e diatraea saccharalis ( fabricius , heliothis virescens ( fabricius , anticarsia gemmatalis hã¼bner , spodoptera frugiperda ( j . e . smith ( insetos criados rotineiramente no laboratã³rio de biologia de insetos da esalq / usp , para determinar o melhor hospedeiro para sua criaã§ã£o em laboratã³rio . a duraã§ã£o e a viabilidade do ciclo biolã³gico ( ovo - adulto foram afetadas , dependendo do hospedeiro utilizado . a .
e c . cephalonica foram hospedeiros semelhantes para a criaã§ã£o de b . hebetor , produzindo insetos com duraã§ã£o de ciclo de 12 , 8 dias , viabilidade em torno de 90 % e ã³tima capacidade de paralisaã§ã£o e parasitismo . d . saccharalis foi o ãºnico hospedeiro nã£o natural que proporcionou resultados semelhantes ã queles obtidos sobre as trãªs traã§as hospedeiras naturais . quanto ã agressividade , d . saccharalis produziu insetos com capacidade de paralisaã§ã£o e parasitismo semelhantes ã queles criados sobre as traã§as s . cerealella e c . cephalonica . bracon hebetor say , 1857 is a larval ectoparasitoid of several species of pyralids which attack stored grains , therefore a potential biological control agent of these pests . to determine the best host for laboratory rearing , the biology of b . hebetor was studied under controlled temperature conditions ( 25 â± 2â°c , relative humidity ( 60 â± 10 % and photoperiod ( 14 - hour photophase on seven lepidopteran larvae : natural hosts
full text available the selectivity of five insecticides , regularly used in peach farming , was assessed for larvae of the predator chrysoperla externa ( hagen ( neuroptera : chrysopidae by means of bioassay in semi - field conditions . the bioassay was based on the counting of captured larvae after release in peach trees treated with the insecticides ( % of active ingredient in spray liquid : deltamethrin ( 0 . 001 , fenthion ( 0 . 050 , phosmet ( 0 . 100 , lufenuron ( 0 . 005 and malathion ( 0 . 200 . bait - cards with eggs of
full text available fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda ( j . e . smith , 1797 ( lepidoptera : noctuidae is an important pest of maize ( zea mays l . crops in brazil . the effects of beta - cypermethrin , chlorfenapyr , chlorpyrifos , spinosad , etofenprox , triflumuron , alpha - cypermethrin / teflubenzuron , and lambda - cyhalothrin / thiamethoxam on trichogramma pretiosum riley , 1879 ( hymenoptera : trichogrammatidae immature stages were evaluated . eggs of
, 1879 ( lepidoptera : pyralidae , containing immature stages of the parasitoid were dipped in water solution pesticides , to evaluate their effects on emergence and sex ratio of f1 parasitoids . for f2 parasitoids , emergence , parasitism capacity , and sex ratio were evaluated . beta - cypermethrin , chlorfenapyr , chlorpyrifos , and spinosad affected the emergence success of f1 t . pretiosum . insects exposed to etofenprox and alpha - cypermethrin / teflubenzuron during the egg - larval period and to lambda - cyhalothrin / thiamethoxam during the pupal stage also suffered reduction in the emergence . beta - cypermethrin affected the sex ratio of f1 t . pretiosum from host eggs treated during the egg - larval period ; spinosad affected it during the egg - larval period and the pupal stage , whereas chlorpyrifos did the same when applied during the pupal stage . chlorpyrifos also affected the sex ratio of f2 parasitoids , but only when applied during the egg - larval period , whereas chlorfenapyr reduced this trait when applied during the pre - pupal phase . chlorpyrifos and alpha - cypermethrin / teflubenzuron affected the parasitism capacity of f1 females from eggs treated during the egg - larval period . considering the overall effects , only etofenprox and triflumuron were selective on t . pretiosum when applied on parasitized a .