the cut-throat finch ( amadina fasciata ) is a common species of estrildid finch found throughout africa ; it is also known as the bearded finch , the ribbon finch , the cut throat , and the weaver finch .

the cut-throat finch has plumage that is pale , sandy brown with flecks of black all over .

they have a black-brown tail , a thick white chin and cheeks , and a chestnut brown patch on the belly .

the legs are a pink fleshy colour .

the adult male has a bright red band across its throat ( thus the name " cut throat " ) , while the male juveniles have a slightly duller red band .

it has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 3,300,000 km ² .

it is found throughout much of sub-saharan africa , particularly in the sahel , eastern and southern parts of the continent .

cut - throat finch

the cut - throat finch gets its name from the distinctive red neckband found on the males .
the cut - throat finch ( amadina fasciata ) ( 12 - 13cm ) is also known as the bearded finch , ribbon finch , cut - throat mannikin , flame - throated amadina , flame - throated finch , and several other variants too . it is found in many african countries , with an introduced population thriving in portugal . it’s a relatively aggressive species , notorious for wrecking the nests of other birds in the aviary , but it finds a balance when mixed with its own kind or similarly robust species . cut - throats reach 13cm in length .
in addition to the canary and zebra finch , there are dozens of other finch species available as pets . the following are some of the commonest , and all are members of the estrildid or waxbill family , close relatives of the zebra finch :
payne , r . ( 2018 ) . cut - throat finch ( amadina fasciata ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
birds for urltoken sparrows £10 each . zebra finch £9 a pair . cut throats £80 a pair . . sliver bill £20 a pair . . bengalese £15 a pair . . various budgies £15 each diomand doves from £15 each . . na1poleon . . .
this species ( erythrura gouldiaeis ) is also known as the rainbow finch and the lady gouldian finch . the gould in question was british ornithologist john gould , who first described the bird for western science in 1844 . his own chosen name for it was ‘lady gouldian finch’ , after his wife elizabeth .
the name of the cutthroat finch ( antadina fasciata ) – which , though called a finch , is a member of the weaver family – is taken from the crimson mark across the throat in the male ( color plate vii ) . the female lacks this character but is otherwise similar . the bird is found wild in the drier sections of africa , from senegal to somaliland and rhodesia .
calls from one of a pair of birds perched fairly high in a long tree in an open , overgrazed plain . lots of wind noise and some talking in the background of this cut .
this popular species is also known as the owl finch , clown finch or bicheno’s finch . the latter commemorates a mid - 19th century bird - fancying colonial secretary of van dieman’s land ( tasmania ) called james ebenezer bicheno . its latin name taeniopygia bichenovii , reflects his name too . the bird measures 10 - 11cm .
mouth markings are similar to those of the red headed finch . they are easily seen as the bird has a very wide gape and stretches his head straight up while begging rather than the typical estrildid finch ' s bent neck posture .
this bird is closely related to the commoner zebra finch , and many bird fanciers keep the two types together in their aviaries .
there are several mutations developed in europe . a yellow band that changes the red throat band to yellow , an all white bird with red ribbon , a dilute form with muted markings on a nearly white body as well as others currently being developed . i have heard of a fawn , but not sure what that looks like or if it is firmly established .
the diamond firetail ( emblema guttata ) ( 12cm ) is another australian native , very striking with flashes of red and paint - splodge - like white spots . there are a few variations in domestic birds , including the yellow diamond , which has orange instead of red . its beauty makes it an impressive bird in an aviary , and partly offsets the fact that it can be cantankerous , especially in the breeding season . the bird is sometimes referred to as the firetail finch , which confuses matters as there are other species referred to in this unhelpful way : the red - browed firetail ( or finch ) ( neochmia temporalis ) , the beautiful firetail finch ( emblema bella ) , and the painted firetail finch ( emblema pictum ) , all of which are sometimes kept as cagebirds .
the plum - headed or cherry finch ( neochmia modesta ) ( 11 - 12cm ) is a close relative of the star finch , and yet another native of australian savannah and scrubland . it is not as immediately striking as the star , and correspondingly less common as a pet bird . it is less timid that its relative , however , and is a good bird for a mixed aviary .
also called the spice finch , spotted munia or nutmeg finch ( lonchura punctulata ) , this 11 - 12cm bird has a wide range across tropical asia , with several subspecies , and is a popular pet worldwide . it’s a flock bird , living in groups of 100 or so , and feral populations are doing very well in parts of australia , the usa and puerto rico . it is one of the easier munias to breed . cock birds have a quiet voice , so they’re a good choice if you don’t want a noisy finch . the common name refers to the scale - like pattern of white and brown on the bird’s front .
this is an oddity , as it doesn’t actually exist in the wild . the 10cm - long bird is now known , through genetic examination , to be descended from the white - rumped munia ( or mannikin ) , which is also known as the striated finch ( lonchura striata ) . this was always the most popular theory of origin , but it took the insights of modern dna analysis to prove it . bengalese finches are therefore known as lonchura striata domesticus , and are usually called society finch in north america .
the java sparrow or java finch ( lonchura oryzivora ) is , as you might imagine , native to java . it’s found in bali and indonesia too . the bird’s latin tag oryzivora means rice - eater , and it has made itself highly unpopular over the years by feeding on rice fields in large flocks . this has also earned it the alternative names java rice sparrow and java rice finch . inevitably , wild numbers have been massively reduced by irate rice farmers , and the bird is on the list of endangered species in its native habitat .
as a bird bred for captivity , the the bengalese finch is , not surprisingly , well - adapted to life in cage and aviary . it’s only its relatively drab brown - based plumage that prevents it from being the obvious choice for an easy - to - keep small pet bird .
the strawberry finch , also known as the red avadavat or red munia ( amandava amandava ) ( 9 - 10cm ) is a striking little finch that inhabits the grasslands of tropical asia . the cock bird , with his red and speckled plumage , is one of the most visually striking of all the estrildid finches . these colours only last through the breeding season , though , and for the rest of the time he is brown and yellow , like the hen . they can sometimes become aggressively territorial , and require green foliage in their cages for cover , which limits their popularity to keepers of outdoor aviaries or bird houses . they do , however , feast on insects , including fruit flies , which makes them a handy predator in an aviary . the names amandava and avadavat come from from ahmedabad , a city in the indian town of gujarat , which used to export the finch for the international pet trade .
a native of northern and eastern australia , the population is divided into two subspecies - taeniopygia bichenovii bichenovii and taeniopygia bichenovii annulosa , sometimes referred to as the white - rumped and black - rumped double - barred finch , respectively . they are seed - eaters , and build nests close to the ground in thick grasses , shrubs and trees .
the chestnut munia ( lonchura atricapilla ) ( 11 - 12cm ) is also known as the black - headed mannikin / munia / nun . this estrildid finch has a wide range in asia , including south china , north - east india , indonesia , malaysia , thailand , vietnam , taiwan , singapore and the philippines . there are 10 subspecies , reflecting this wide range . hawaii has feral populations of chestnut munias ( one of a number of introduced birds that have played havoc with the native hawaiian fauna over the last 100 years ) . they are sociable birds , flocking wherever there are grasslands and water supplies . it is one of the many finch species that finds cultivated fields irresistible .
cutthroat finches are monogamous , i . e . a pair once formed stays together . after the breeding period , they join to form large flocks and live in social communities , often in the company of the red - headed finch . old birds often keep aside from the flock , as pairs . the birds are often found near drinking places .
the java sparrow is the giant of the pet finch family , measuring 14 - 17cm in length . its heavy beak adds to the impression of bulkiness . it’s an increasingly popular cage bird , and favours larger seeds such as oats , white millet and sprouting rice , rather than the fiddly little seeds favoured by the smaller finches . in the wild it breeds in trees and buildings , and will readily nest in captivity .
the star finch ( neochmia ruficauda ) ( 10 - 12cm ) is an australian native . the species has grown in popularity over the last 50 years . there are now several established colour mutations , including a yellow form where the face lacks the red pigmentation and is , instead , dark yellow . there are also cinnamon and fawn variants . star finches can be a little timid , and need to mix with non - aggressive species .
gouldians come in different ‘phases’ or head colours . the commonest is the black - headed , which accounts for 75 % of the wild population . the other 25 % are red - headed . there is also a golden - headed phase , occurring in numbers too low ( about 0 . 5 % ) to affect these approximate percentages . in captivity , gouldians have been developed in several different plumage colours , making them the most striking and colourful of the pet finch family .
finch’s pale ale is a refreshing experience from the pop of the top . its fresh and hoppy taste with just enough supporting malt makes it easy to kick back more than just one . our late kettle additions of american hop varieties and dry hopping techniques make this beer one of our favorites . the citrus hop character balanced with a malty backbone creates a delicious , accessible pale ale that is sure to satisfy with every sip . enjoy this pale with just about any pairing of your choice .
diet standard finch mix ( they do have a preference for the larger millets so a parakeet mix would be fine too ) , egg food ( roy ' s egg food ) , gamebird crumbles , green food and some live food . they will also readily eat mealworms . calcium in the form of crushed egg shell , crushed oyster shell and cuttlebone should always be available . i also used a liquid calcium additive in the water or drizzled on their egg food while breeding to avoid eggbinding ( calcivet , see below ) .
fluttering against the cage bars is a white - headed nun from the netherlands indies and the malay peninsula . perched on the upper branches are the brown - breasted nun ( left ) and the black - headed nun . to the lower branches cling the three - colored nun ( full face ) from india and ceylon , the cutthroat finch ( left center ) , and the lovely cordon bleu ( blue underparts ) . in the water splash the tiny zebra waxbill ( above ) and the common waxbill ( left ) . the long - lived bronze nun rests on the pool’s brink .
the red - headed or short - tailed parrotfinch ( erythrura cyaneovirens ) , the red - throated parrot finch ( erythrura psittacae ) and the blue - faced parrotfinch ( erythrura trichroa ) are all kept by aviculturists . they measure between 10 and 12 . 5cm , and are natives of the samoan islands and neighbouring islands off the eastern coast of australia . they are very striking birds , with a combination of reds , greens and blues . there is a yellow - headed variety of the red - headed in captivity , called the sea - green . the birds are generally easy to keep , and although not as sociable as most pet finches , they mix well with their own kind and other species , as long as there’s plenty of space .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as common or locally common ( clement 1999 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
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description males are easily distinguished from females by the red slash under the chin .
breeder ' s notes i wish i could say that i have raised lots of these . heck , i ' d like to say that i ' ve raised even one . this one escapes me , which is kind of embarrassing considering these are considered an easy to breed species . i ' ve had them off and on now for years and just can ' t seem to successfully raise any . ( 2002 update : finally , i have raised some cutthroats . both fostered and on their own ) they would often build nests , sit the eggs , hatch the chicks and then stop feeding right at around one week . many have suggested that this could be due to a lack of protein or live food during this critical period . it could be . my schedule would only allow for egg food feedings in the morning and evening . they eagerly ate the egg food , but my last attempts with this species ended with me hand feeding a week old chick ( 11 days old ) . even when i fed copious amounts of mealworms , the pair abandon the nest at just about one week after hatching .
if all goes well , the chicks will remain in the nest until about 18 to 21 days . the males are usually identifiable upon fledging ( 27 day old male ) by the red slash under their chin . the breast and belly of the male matches the hens at this time . fledglings are independent within 2 to 3 weeks after leaving the nest . best to be safe and leave them for the full 3 weeks if not longer .
i passed my last pair of birds on to another breeder who was very successful fostering the eggs under society finches . they can be a difficult species to foster due to the differences in the begging behavior . cutthroats stretch straight up , similar to a canary , rather than turning their head in typical estrildid fashion . this combined with their dark skin with fuzz , different mouth markings and noisy begging from day 1 , has the society finches wondering what has emerged from the egg . i believe that it is important or at least you stand a better chance of success if you allow the eggs to hatch under the societies rather than transferring chicks to the fosters . the differences from the society ' s own chicks seems to put them off so perhaps seeing them come out of the egg reassures them that these chicks are theirs and not a bug that has jumped into the nest .
in mixed colonies , cutthroats can be somewhat aggressive . they can certainly defend themselves against larger species . i have seen male cutthroats carry the hatchlings out of the nests of other species . if not breeding however , these birds can be calm and gentle in a mixed flight .
one additional difficulty i had with cutthroats , was a tendency to become eggbound . eggbinding is a nutritional deficiency ( see robert black ' s article ) that if addressed will eliminate this problem . my last pair of cutthroats were producing clutch after clutch of eggs without difficulty so i felt confident that i had overcome this problem . in addition to the added nutrition in my egg food mix ( roy ' s egg food ) , i used a liquid calcium supplement that also had additional vitamin d3 that is needed to absorb the calcium ( calcivet from vetafarms . )
fledgling male and female . young birds are dimorphic like the adults , but lack the breast color detail and have dark beaks .
additional notes this species is listed in cites ( convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora ) appendix iii . as a result , this once common cagebird has become difficult to find in the us . even imports from europe of close - banded birds have become difficult at best with all the additional paperwork and permits needed . work by aviculturists is needed in the us to establish a free - breeding strain .
there are several known subspecies of the cutthroat of which two are seen in aviculture ( a . f . meridionalis & a . f . alexanderi ) , but neither is very common .
cutthroats should not be housed with red headed finches while breeding . they will produce fertile hybrids .
the national aviary is supported through the generosity of donors , members , visitors , and the allegheny regional asset district .
( j . f . gmelin , 1789 ) – s mauritania , senegal and gambia e to sudan and w & n south sudan .
neumann , 1908 – eritrea , ethiopia , somalia , se south sudan , ne uganda , kenya and tanzania .
neunzig , 1910 – s angola , n namibia , s & e zambia , n & e botswana , n zimbabwe , malawi and n mozambique .
clancey , 1970 – se botswana , s & e zimbabwe , s mozambique and ne south africa .
11–12 cm ; 15–32 g ( chad ) . male nominate race , is sandy brown with black bars above , upperwing brown with buff and black spots and bars , tail brown , outermost . . .
contact calls are chirps , nesting pairs call
kee - air
, flight call a thin
eee - eee - eee
. song a . . .
grass seeds , taken on ground ; also termites ( isoptera ) and some other insects . forages in small groups and flocks , also sometimes in pairs . . .
season aug and dec–mar in senegal , jan in nigeria , apr , may , nov and dec in ethiopia , dec and mar–apr ( at end of long rains , . . .
mostly resident , with some wandering . in drier areas of w africa seasonally migratory , a dry - season . . .
not globally threatened . common to locally common ; rare in sw part of range ( angola , namibia ) . estimated population in s mozambique at least 5000 individuals . numbers . . .
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has been considered closer to lonchura than to estrildine genera , on basis of thick bill ; but both behaviour and molecular phylogeny support placement within present subfamily .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
lone bird calling from treetop in car park of camp , then flew off . a little distant and faint for a really good recording .
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cutthroat finches are easily handled in captivity , and are popular in aviaries . they often have a tendency to become darker in color when caged , caused sometimes , possibly , by eating hemp seed .
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amadina fasciata fasciata amadina f . alexanderi ( incl . candida ) amadina f . contigua amadina f . meridionalis
origin : senegal , guinea , mali , ivory coast , burkina faso , niger , nigeria , cameroon . chad , sudan , ethiopia , somalia , uganda , kenya , tanzania , botswana , mozambique , south - africa , zimbabwe en d . r . congo ( zaire ) .
food : they predominantly eat grass seeds , and sometimes insects , especially termites .
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introduced populations have established themselves on hawaii , and there are millions of the birds in captivity . the rice - eating reputation follows it , however , and in california to this day it is illegal to possess a java sparrow , in case feral populations descend on the local rice fields . it is also illegal to import wild specimens into the usa .
it is the java sparrow rather than the canary that is the grandfather of cage birds in asia . they were kept by the first ming dynasty in china in the 14th century , and became popular in japan in the 17th century .
the bird is endangered in its native habitat in the north of australia ; but there are several hundred thousand living and breeding in captivity . the bulk exporting of gouldian finches during the later 19th and early 20th centuries did nothing to steady its declining numbers . australian authorities banned the export of the bird in 1960 ( along with all other native animals ) .
the gouldian is relatively large , measuring 14cm in length . it nests in trees , within easy reach of a water supply . the birds feed in flocks during the dry season , often mixing with similar - sized seed - eating species , seeking out wild grass seeds and sources of water . in its heyday these flocks contained up to 2 , 000 individual gouldians , but numbers declined alarmingly in the 20th century .
the gouldian has an extraordinary genetic juggling trick . where black - headed birds mate with red - headed ones , most of the resulting female chicks die . this is due to a genetic incompatibility ( and suggests that the bird is in the process of diverging into two distinct species , rather than mere subspecies ) . however , in these situations the hen is able to produce a much higher ratio of male birds ( about 4 to 1 ) , ensuring the survival of most of her brood . the mechanism involved in the hen’s ‘choice’ is not fully understood , but the phenomenon has been confirmed by scientific research . in the study , red - headed cock birds’ heads were coloured black to fool red - headed hens . the hens , thinking they were mating with a black - head , produced more male chicks , proving that the female is able to manipulate the gender of her chicks .
bengalese finches are highly sociable , roosting and even nesting together . this is the origin of the ‘society’ american tag . they also mix very well with most other species . breeders have produced several different varieties over the decades , but they all have brown and white as their basic colours .
the lavender waxbill ( estrilda caerulescens ) ( 10cm ) needs lots of space , in spite of its relatively small size . in crowded cages they tend to get stressed , and can also be a little aggressive . in the wild they are found in several tropical and subtropical african countries , with an introduced population well - established on hawaii . they are prized cage birds , and command a high price in the pet trade . there are several other closely - related species of waxbill on the market too .
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both sexes and juveniles are of sandy brown color with black specks , specks giving the impression of scales . male is easily recognized by that bright - red beard , the one that is the origin of its name ( photos 1 , 2 and 5 ) .
found throughout africa , i always saw it in flocks . pictured here is a part of a flock ( mixed with sparrows , bunting and sparrow larks ) observed during several hours at outskirts of town called biltine , wadi fira region . semi arid sahel region , but fresh climate ( when i was there - in april ) , mainly bare land , with some acacia trees .


hydrophilidae , also called water scavenger beetles , is a family of chiefly aquatic beetles .

aquatic hydrophilids are notable for their long maxillary palpi , which are longer than their antennae .

several of the former subfamilies of hydrophilidae have recently been removed and elevated to family rank ; epimetopidae , georissidae ( = georyssinae ) , helophoridae , hydrochidae , and spercheidae ( = sphaeridiinae ) .

some of these formerly-included groups are primarily terrestrial or semi-aquatic .

the vernacular name water scavenger beetles is not an accurate description of their habit .

with rare exceptions , the larvae are predatory while the adults may be vegetarians or predators in addition to scavenging .

many species are able to produce sounds .

species of hydrophilus are reported as pests in fish hatcheries .

other species are voracious consumers of mosquito larvae , and have potential as biological control agents .

there are 2,835 species in 169 genera

hydrophilidae

revision of the subfamily helophorinae of the nearctic region ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) .
review of the family hydrophilidae of canada and alaska ales smetana . 1988 . entomological society of canada .
the hydrophiloid beetles . phylogeny , classification and a revision of the genera ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) .
clade age and diversification rate variation explain disparity in species richness among water scavenger beetle ( hydrophilidae ) lineages .
thirty - eight species of hydrophilidae , including the helophoridae and hydrochidae , were reported for new brunswick by smetana ( 1988 ) and roughley ( 1991 ) . since those publications , little has been published on the hydrophilidae of new brunswick . in the most recent checklist of the beetles of canada , eight species of helophoridae ( as helophorinae ) , one species of hydrochidae ( as hydrochinae ) , and 37species of hydrophilidae were reported for the province ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) . during a general survey of the coleoptera of new brunswick , an additional three species of helophoridae , one species of hydrochidae , and 15 species of hydrophilidae have been recorded for the province . the purpose of this paper is to report on these new records .
this paper treats new records of helophoridae , hydrochidae , and hydrophilidae from new brunswick , canada . a few brief comments are required regarding the family status of helophoridae , hydrochidae , and georissidae as there has been some disagreement in the literature . smetana ( 1988 ) in the review of the hydrophilidae of canada and alaska treated the helophorinae and hydrochinae as subfamilies of the hydrophilidae . van tassel ( 2000 ) provided a general overview on the taxonomy and classification of north american members of the hydrophilidae and also treated these taxa as subfamilies of the hydrophilidae . this arrangement was subsequently used by bousquet et al . ( 2013 ) in the checklist of the beetles of canada . however , hansen ( 1991 ) , employing adult characters , and archangelsky ( 1998 ) , using adult and larval characters , provided data that support treating these subfamilies as families ( helophoridae , hydrochidae , georissidae ) . see van tassel ( 2000 ) for more details and references regarding this issue . recently , short and fikáček ( 2013 ) provided a revised classification of the hydrophilidae based on morphological data and molecular analysis of dna sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear genes . they also considered the helophoridae , hydrochidae , and georissidae as separate families and made a number of changes to the classification of the hydrophilidae . we follow their classification in this publication .
these photos supplement pages 145 - 158 of the guide to aquatic invertebrates of the upper midwest . information on the biology of hydrophlildae can be found on page 156 . click to see adult hydrophilidae .
they are much slower swimmers than the dytiscidae . the way to tell the two families apart is to note the difference in sizes of their palps and antennae . in the hydrophilidae the palps are longer , or at least as long as the antennae , and the antennae end in clubs .
specimen preparation . males of hydrochidae and some species of helophoridae and hydrophilidae were dissected to confirm their identity . the genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol and mounted in canada balsam on celluloid microslides and then pinned with the specimens from which they originated . keys in smetana ( 1985 and ( 1988 ) were used to determine specimens .
webster rp , sweeney jd ( 2016 ) new records of helophoridae , hydrochidae , and hydrophilidae ( coleoptera ) from new brunswick , canada . in : webster rp , bouchard p , klimaszewski j ( eds ) the coleoptera of new brunswick and canada : providing baseline biodiversity and natural history data . zookeys 573 : 19–30 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 573 . 7020
commonly found in the western hemisphere around central and south american tropical environments . genus tropisternus is the most common hydrophilidae found in south american ponds and rain pools ( 3 ) . derallus angustus is also widely distributed in the areas of guatemala and argentinian forests . ( 4 ) hydrophilid beetles occupy north america , with berosus ingeminatus reside in the seasonal wetlands of california ( 5 ) and t . lateralis in the lakes of illinois ( 7 ) .
( 1 ) arribas , paula , josefa velasco , et al .
dispersal ability rather than ecological tolerance drives differences in range size between lentic and lotic water beetles ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) .
journal of biogeography . 39 . ( 2012 ) : 984 - 994 . print . ( 2 ) leech , h . b . , and h . p . chandler .
coleoptera .
aquatic insects of california . ed . robert l . usinger . 6th . los angeles : university of california press , 1974 . 334 - 337 . print . ( 3 ) pereyera , daniela , and miguel archangelsky .
the effect of prey density on the developmental time of larvae of an aquatic beetle : tropisternus setiger ( insecta , coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) .
hydrobiologia . 586 . ( 2007 ) : 367 - 372 . print . ( 4 ) fernandez , liliana .
the annual life history of a population of the aquatic coleopteran derallus angustus ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) .
international journal of tropical biology . 56 . 1 ( 2008 ) : 345 - 348 . print . ( 5 ) batzer , darold , and vincent resh .
trophic interactions among a beetle predator , a chironomid grazer , and periphyton in a seasonal wetland .
oikos . 60 . 2 ( 1991 ) : 251 - 257 . print . ( 6 ) resetarits , william .
colonization under threat of predation : avoidance of fish by an aquatic beetle , tropisternuslateralis ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) .
oecologia . 129 . 1 ( 2001 ) : 155 - 160 . print . ( 7 ) de szalay , ferenc , and vincent resh .
factors influencing macroinvertebrate colonization of seasonal wetlands : responses to emergent plant cover .
freshwater biology . 45 . ( 2000 ) : 295 - 308 . print .
the beetle below is a typical water beetle belonging to the hydrophilidae family . it has the long palps and short antennae typical in this family . not all the beetles in this family are aquatic - there are a few terrestrial species , although these tend to be found in damp , marshy places . the aquatic adults are easily recognised in water as their under - surface appears silver , though they are usually black . this is caused by the air supply held in position by hairs .
the following three species of helophoridae are newly recorded for new brunswick , canada : helophorus ( kyphohelophorus ) turberculatus gyllenhal , helophorus ( rhopaleloporus ) oblongus leconte , helophorus ( rhopaleloporus ) marginicollis smetana . hydrochus subcupreus randall , family hydrochidae , and the following 15 species of hydrophilidae are newly reported for the province : berosus fraternus leconte , berosus peregrinus ( herbst ) , berosus sayi hansen , paracymus despectus ( leconte ) , chaetarthria atra ( leconte ) , cymbiodyta acuminata fall , cymbiodyta blanchardi horn , cymbiodyta minima notman , enochrus ( lumetus ) hamiltoni horn , enochrus ( methydrus ) consors ( leconte ) , enochrus ( methydrus ) consortus green , enochrus ( methydrus ) pygmaeus nebulosus ( say ) , cercyon ( cercyon ) cinctus smetana , cercyon ( cercyon ) herceus frigidus smetana , cercyon ( dicyrtocercyon ) ustulatus ( preyssler ) .
. . . the systematics follows lawrence & newton ( 1995 ) ; hansen ( 1999 ) for hydrophiloidea classification , short & fikáček ( 2011fikáček ( , 2013 ) for hydrophilidae , and nilsson ( 2001 ) and subsequent updates for dytiscidae . taxonomic identifications were done to the lowest possible taxonomic level , using available keys and literature ( young , 1974young , , 1990trémouilles & bachmann , 1980 ; trémouilles , 1984trémouilles , , 1989trémouilles , , 1995trémouilles , , 1996trémouilles et al . , 1995trémouilles et al . , , 2005miller , 2000miller , , 2005oliva et al . , 2002 ; vondel & spangler , 2008 ; archangelsky et al . , 2009 ; libonatti et al . , 2011 ) . the studied material was deposited in the collection of the centro de ecología aplicada del litoral ( cecoal , conicet - unne ) , corrientes . . . .
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lentic and lotic environment dwelling hydrophilid beetles are found in the mediterranean areas of europe and africa ( 1 ) .
the larval and adult stages of most hydrophilid beetles are aquatic , including tropisternus lateralis , which inhabits permanent ponds . this species prefers ponds that are fishless ( 6 ) . t . lateralis have decreased oviposition levels in ponds containing fish because the beetles do not lay eggs were predatory fish reside ( popup ( 6 ) ) . derralus angustus and t . setiger of south america are found in permanent ponds , with d . angustus preferring ponds with dense floating salvinia ( floating fern ) species ( 3 , 4 ) . preferred habitats often include marshy , heavily weeded shallow areas ( 2 ) .
the encrochus bicolor is a complex of five palearctic species that are specialists that live in either marine ponds or streams . they are found in the margins of salt pans or salt streams ( 1 ) .
is univoltine with three instars and two periods of enhanced productivity at the end of spring and the end of summer in buenos aries , argentina ( 4 ) .
also exhibits three larval instars , with a short pupae stage ( 3 ) .
all mating and oviposition takes place in ponds for tropisternus lateralis . although being aquatic , adult hydrophilid beetles disperse by flight after emergence from their pupa stage , selecting a new habitat for reproduction ( 6 ) . distribution patterns are related to the cause of physiological changes in wing morphology of the enochus bicolor species . lentic environment inhabiting species show lower wing loading and wing aspect ratios than lotic inhabiting species to enable higher dispersal due to short - lived patterns of lentic systems . the superior flight ability of these species allows for larger distribution patterns , increasing the likelihood of survival for species that inhabit less stable lentic waters ( 1 ) .
all larvae are aquatic but are restricted to shallow waters because they require oxygen from the air to survive ( 2 ) . berosus larvae have thoracic gills that allow them to stay underwater for extended periods of time giving them the ability to survive in deeper waters ( 2 ) . b . ingeminatus uses cutaneous respiration in the larval stage and for air stores in adults allowing prolonged submergence . this decreases exposure to surface predation and displacement by surface agitation ( 7 ) .
larvae are highly avid generalist predators ( 6 ) , with species b . ingeminatus being a predatory specialist of cricotopus sylvestris and affiliated epiphytic midges ( 5 ) . the covetous predatory habits of tropisternus setiger are affected by the requirement of reaching predetermined physiological states before entering next developmental stage , with optimal prey density for development and survivorship being 4 preys per day . t . setiger larvae will counter to tactile stimuli of prey , and may drop prey while feeding in order to attain another ( 3 ) .
adult hydrophilid beetles are usually not predacious ; many species are categorized as scavengers or grazers ( 6 ) . mainly feeding on vegetation , but sometimes will feed on dead animal tissue ( 2 ) . derralus angustus of south america will often graze on species of floating salvinia ( 4 ) .
due to the inhabitance of shallow areas , most hydrophilid beetles are affected by fish predation ( 6 ) . they have also been found to be important food sources for waterfowl in seasonal wetlands of california ( 7 ) .
because berosus ingeminatus is a predatory specialist of epiphytic midges , useful in the management of midges for waterfowl food . since the species is a predatory specialist , b . ingeminatus does not directly impact other invertebrates that waterfowl ingest ( 5 ) .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
aquatic forms may superficially resemble dysticidae but can be easily distinguished by antennae . many have keeled sterna . the adults come up for air head first , and move hind legs alternately ( dysticidae come up for air tail first and move hind legs together , like oars )
mostly aquatic ; sphaeridiinae are terrestrial ( in dung , compost , carrion , and other decaying organic matter ) . habitats discussed in detail in
some adults are scavengers and feed on dead plant and animal material , others are predatory . larvae often predatory . some terrestrial species feed on various decaying matter and associated maggots .
american beetles , volume i : archostemata , myxophaga , adephaga , polyphaga : staphyliniformia arnett , r . h . , jr . , and m . c . thomas . ( eds . ) . 2000 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
order coleoptera linnaeus , 1758 . in : zhang z . - q . ( ed . ) animal biodiversity : an outline of higher - level classification . . . ślipiński s . a . , leschen r . a . b . , lawrence j . f . 2011 . zootaxa 3148 : 203–208 .
world catalogue of insects , vol . 2 : hydrophiloidea ( coleoptera ) . hansen , m . 1999 . apollo books , stenstrup , denmark . 416 pp .
aquatic insects of north america r . w . merritt , k . w . cummins , m . b . berg . 2008 . kendall / hunt .
the water beetles of florida epler j . h . 2010 . florida department of environmental protection . tallahassee . 414 pp .
contributed by cotinis on 8 january , 2005 - 1 : 08pm additional contributions by phillip harpootlian , tim moyer , r . d . haines , v belov , harsi s . parker last updated 18 may , 2018 - 12 : 49pm
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this is a family well - represented in the british fauna with 18 genera and 70 species . the key to genus below contains keys to species of several of the genera . there are separate keys for the large terrestrial genus cercyon and genus enochrus .
there are around 2 , 000 species in the world , 70 have been recorded in britain . the larvae range in length from 1 - 48 mm . the fossil record date back to the jurassic .
some of the species are wholly carnivorous , some vegetarian , and others omnivorous .
breathing . adults collect their air supply through their antennae , and it is stored as a bubble attached to the underside of the body . the larvae take in air through a pair of spiracles in the tail ( see the drawing of hydrobius sp . below ) . the larvae tend to be slow moving .
in some species the female carries her eggs around in a silken case attached to her abdomen or hind legs .
the adults are around 5 mm long . the female makes an egg cocoon which she attaches to floating plants .
the larvae often emerge from the water , and the pupa is always found out of water , usually hanging from moss with the final larval skin found beneath it .
in some books it is also known as the great water beetle which is the common name for dytiscus marginalis . this is the second largest british beetle with an adult length of 38 - 48 mm , and the largest british water beetle . most of the other british species in this family are less than 1 cm long as adults . the adults are black with red antennae . even though they are large they can still fly , but tend to do so at night . they hibernate over winter in mud at the bottom of ponds . they are rather slow moving and mainly vegetarian .
the adults have needle - sharp spurs on their tibia , and a sharp spine on their underside which can cause injury if the beetle is not handled carefully .
the females construct egg cocoons of silk produced from a gland in the last abdominal segment . each female lays about 50 eggs in the cocoon which floats . the eggs hatch after 2 - 6 weeks , depending on temperature .
the larvae ( above ) are found in weedy ponds , especially those covered in duckweed , and they are carnivorous eating snails and tadpoles , they are also cannibalistic if they have the chance . they breathe through spiracles on the last abdominal segment . a fully grown larva can be as much as 7 cm long . they pupate in damp earth at the side of the pond . sadly this beetle is much less common now than it used to be .
above is an adult , and below the larva , it is common in stagnant water , weedy ponds and ditches and shallow lakes with muddy bottoms .
adults are about 8 - 10 mm long , and have a blue , black or green metallic sheen with about 10 long grooves down each elytron ( wing case ) , and reddish brown legs . the antennae are often clubbed .
the larva grow up to 12 mm long , and are soft with short legs . they look a little like a maggot .
the water scavenger beetles ( hydrophilidae ) are of oblong or rounded body shape , most of them are small - sized , but there are also very large representatives , e . g . up to 50 mm in the genus hydrophilus . the species in the subfamily hydrophilinae live in water , whereas the representatives of the subfamily sphaeridiinae are usually found on the land in dung or vegetable detritus . a distinguishing feature of the scavenger beetles are their 6 - 9 - membered antennae and the extended maxillar palps , which are designed to perform the normal task of the antenna ( smelling and tasting ) . the antennae in turn are used for respiration . upon surfacing fresh air is passed along the antennae to the elytra , where it is stored . worldwide more than 2000 species have been described , in germany 110 species are found .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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dytiscids constitute the world’s most speciose family of water beetles , whose identification in argentina is problematic with current keys . in this work , a key ( both in english and spanish ) to the eight subfamilies , 16 tribes and 31 genera of adult dytiscidae of argentina is presented . the key was constructed using stable qualitative characters of the external morphology and chaetotaxy , easily visualizable and interpretable . characters such as size and shape of the body , color pattern and geographic distribution were also used . illustrations of a great number of morphological structures as well as sem micrographs were included to aid in the interpretation of the text . one subfamily ( hydrodytinae ) and five genera ( agaporomorphus zimmermann , bidessodes régimbart , hydrodytes miller , queda sharp and an unpublished genus of the subfamily laccophilinae ) are cited for the first time for argentina .
. . . para la determinación de los diferentes taxones se utilizaron claves genéricas de pederzani ( 1995 ) para la familia dytiscidae , complementadas con las claves de miller & bergsten ( 2016 ) para las subfamilias agabinae y colymbetinae y de libonatti et al . ( 2011 ) para dytiscinae , en tanto el criterio taxonómico utilizado corresponde a miller & bergsten ( 2014 ) . para la familia elmidae se utilizaron las claves de hinton ( 1940 ) y manzo ( 2005 ) . . . .
. . . esta subfamilia comprende cerca de 22 especies dentro de un solo género , lancetes sharp 1882 ( libonatti et al . , 2011 ) . la subfamilia presenta una distribución gondwaniana dispar , con una especie , lancetes lanceolatus ( clark , 1863 ) , presente en australia meridional y nueva zelandia , y el resto de especies en el sur templado de suramérica y en los altos andes del norte a través de perú ( miller & bergsten , 2016 ) . . . .
. . . family dytiscidae the family is presently represented in argentina by 119 species , distributed in 31 genera and eight subfamilies ( libonatti et al . , 2011 ) . in el cristal natural reserve four subfamilies , 16 genera and 25 species were found ( table i ) . . . .
. . . hydroporinae was represented by 10 genera . four genera and four species are newly recorded from santa fe : anodocheilus maculatus babington , bidessonotus obtusatus régimbart , pachydrus globosus ( aubé ) , p . obesus sharp , and an unidentified species of bidessodes recently found in corrientes and entre ríos provinces ( libonatti et al . , 2011 ; torres et al . , 2012 ) . we found two genera of laccophilinae in the present study , one of which ( laccomimus toledo & michat ) is first recorded from santa fe . . . .
. . . we found two genera of laccophilinae in the present study , one of which ( laccomimus toledo & michat ) is first recorded from santa fe . it had been previously cited , as
laccophilinae , unpublished genus
, from entre ríos , corrientes and chaco provinces by libonatti et al . ( 2011 ) . . . .
. . . taxonomic identifications were done to the lowest possible taxonomic level , using available keys and literature ( young , 1974 ; grosso , 1979 ; trémouilles , 1989 ; young , 1990 ; grosso , 1993 ; miller , 2000miller , , 2001bmiller , , 2002oliva et al . , 2002 ; trémouilles et al . , 2004trémouilles et al . , , 2005miller , 2005 ; archangelsky et al . , 2009 ; libonatti et al . , 2011 ) . the material is held in the collection of the laboratory of entomology , buenos aires university , argentina . . . .
. . . the dytiscidae ae currently represented in the argentinean fauna by 119 species in 31 genera ( libonatti et al . , 2011 ) . dytiscids are abundant and widespread in mburucuyá n . p . , with 20 genera and 41 species ( table i ) in four of the eight subfamilies present in argentina . . . .
. . . copelatus had been previously cited from buenos aires , entre ríos , misiones , salta , jujuy and chaco provinces ( trémouilles , 1998 ; torres et al . , 2008 ) . on the other hand , agaporomorphus was recently cited as new for argentina ( libonatti et al . , 2011 ) based on material from mburucuyá n . p . and from misiones province ; here we report a . mecolobus miller as new for the argentinean fauna , which was only known from near são paulo , brazil ( miller , 2001b ) . . . .
generic keys for the identification of larvae of dytiscidae from argentina are presented . a total of 27 dytiscid genera are recognized in argentina , included in 16 tribes and seven subfamilies . twenty - two of the 27 genera are included in the keys . the remaining five genera could not be included because their larvae are unknown ( bidessonotus régimbart , brachyvatus zimmermann , hemibidessus . . . [ show full abstract ]
clave para los adultos de las subfamilias , tribus y géneros de dytiscidae de la argentina ( coleopter . . .
los ditíscidos constituyen la familia más numerosa de escarabajos acuáticos a nivel mundial , cuya identificación en la argentina resulta problemática con las claves actuales . en este trabajo , se presenta una clave ( en inglés y español ) para los adultos de las ocho subfamilias , 16 tribus y 31 géneros de dytiscidae de la argentina . la clave fue construida priorizando la inclusión de caracteres . . . [ show full abstract ]
a list of the species of aquatic coleoptera collected in mburucuyá national park is presented . one hundred and twenty - eight species included in 44 genera and seven families were identified . ten species are new for argentina : agaporomorphus mecolobus miller and bidessonotus obtusatus régimbart ( dytiscidae ) ; mesonoterus laevicollis sharp , suphisellus hyeroglyphicus zimmermann , s . rufulus . . . [ show full abstract ]
the unknown larva of the minute diving beetle genus brachyvatus zimmermann , 1919 ( coleoptera : dytisc . . .
the three larval instars of brachyvatus acuminatus ( steinheil , 1869 ) ( the type species of the bidessine genus brachyvatus zimmermann , 1919 ) are described and illustrated for the first time including detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule , head appendages , legs , last abdominal segment and urogomphi . larvae of this genus are characterized by the absence of the . . . [ show full abstract ]
aquatic coleoptera from two protected areas of the humid chaco eco - region ( chaco province , argentina . . .
a list of the species of aquatic coleoptera inhabiting chaco national park and el cachapé wildlife refuge , two protected areas located in the humid chaco eco - region , is presented for the first time . one hundred and twenty - two species included in 45 genera and 10 families were identified . two species are new for argentina : ora atroapicalis pic and ora semibrunnea pic ( scirtidae ) . ten genera . . . [ show full abstract ]
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2 natural resources canada , canadian forest service - atlantic forestry centre , 1350 regent st . , p . o . box 4000 , fredericton , nb , canada e3b 5p7
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distribution . every species is cited with current distribution in canada and alaska , using abbreviations for the state , provinces , and territories . new records for new brunswick are indicated in bold under distribution in canada and alaska . the following abbreviations are used in the text :
* newfoundland and labrador are each treated separately under the current distribution in canada and alaska .
all records below are species newly recorded for new brunswick , canada . species with a † are adventive to canada , species with a * are holarctic . the determination that a species was a new record was based on information in the print version of bousquet et al . ( 2013 ) . the classification used below follows short and fikáček ( 2013 ) .
new brunswick , restigouche co . , near little tobique river , 47 . 4503°n , 67 . 0583°w , 13 . vi . 2006 , r . p . webster / / eastern white cedar swamp , in saturated moss in small pool ( 1 , rwc ) .
ak , yt , bc , ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb , ns ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , madawaska co . , 4 . 0 km w of saint - hilaire , 47 . 2926°n , 68 . 4622°w , 27 . vii . 2006 , r . p . webster / / margin of saint john river in rock pool ( 1 , rwc ) .
new brunswick , restigouche co . , morin bog , n of kedgwick , 47 . 6813°n , 67 . 3142°w , 22 . v . 2003 , r . p . webster / / black spruce forest , flooded semi - permanent sedge marsh [ pond ] ( 1 , rwc ) .
ak , yt , nt , nu , bc , ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , york co . , charters settlement , 45 . 8395°n , 66 . 7391°w , 26 . vi . 2003 , 17 . vii . 2004 , 1 . viii . 2004 , 11 . vi . 2005 , 10 . vii . 2005 , 20 . vii . 2006 , 3 . ix . 2010 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , m . v . light ( 10 [ 6 males dissected ] , rwc )
new brunswick , restigouche co . , 8 . 5 km s of saint arthur , 47 . 8196°n , 66 . 7596°w , 14 . vi . 2006 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , gravel bottomed pool near roadside ( 4 , rwc ) . sunbury co . , sheffield , portobello creek n . w . a . [ national wildlife area ] , 45 . 8952°n , 66 . 2728°w , 18 . vi . 2004 , r . p . webster / / silver maple forest , u . v . light trap near marsh ( 1 , rwc ) . york co . , 45 . 8428°n , 66 . 7279°w , 2 . vi . 2003 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , small pool on forest trail ( 1 , rwc ) .
bc , ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , carleton co . , bell forest , 46 . 2200°n , 67 . 7231°w , 13 . vii . 2004 , k . bredin , j . edsall , & r . webster / / mature hardwood forest , u . v . light trap ( 1 , nbm ) ; meduxnekeag valley nature preserve , 46 . 1888°n , 67 . 6762°w , 4 . vii . 2005 , r . p . webster / / river margin , in flood debris ( 1 , rwc ) ; meduxnekeag valley nature preserve , 46 . 1941°n , 67 . 6830°w , 30 . vi . 2014 , r . p . webster / / river margin with cobblestones , collected at night using headlamp ( 1 , nbm ; 1 , rwc ) . kings co . , hampton , hampton marsh at the hammond river , 45 . 4787°n , 65 . 9007°w , 13 . vii . 2005 / / r . p . webster , river margin with sand / clay bottom ( 1 , nbm ; 2 , rwc ) . queens co . , grand lake near scotchtown , 45 . 8762°n , 66 . 1816°w , 9 . vii . 2006 , r . p . webster / / oak and maple forest , m . v . light ( 1 , rwc ) ; bayard at nerepis river , 45 . 4426°n , 66 . 3280°w , 20 . vi . 2008 , r . p . webster ( 1 , rwc ) . sunbury co . , blissville , s branch oromocto river , 45 . 5996°n , 66 . 5604°w , 5 . vii . 2006 , r . p . webster / / gravel bottomed river in trailing vegetation ( 2 , rwc ) . york co . , douglas , nashwaaksis river at rt . 105 , 45 . 9850°n , 66 . 6900°w , 26 . vi . 2005 , r . p . webster / / river margin in embayment with sand / gravel bottom , sun - exposed ( 1 , rwc ) ; charters settlement , 45 . 8395°n , 66 . 7391°w , 23 . vii . 2007 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , m . v . light ( 1 , rwc ) .
on , qc , nb , ns ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , albert co . , shepody n . w . a . , germantown section , 45 . 7060°n , 64 . 7640°w , 16 . vi . 2004 , r . p . webster / / cattail and sedge marsh in small pool ( 1 , rwc ) . gloucester co . , miscou island , 47 . 9081°n , 64 . 5907°w , 31 . vii . 2005 , r . p . webster / / shallow ( 15 cm ) gravel pit pond with scattered grasses and sedges and gravel bottom ( 1 , rwc ) . queens co . , grand lake near scotchtown , 45 . 8762°n , 66 . 1816°w , 19 . v . 2003 , v . webster , m . - a . giguère & r . webster / / shallow lake margin among grasses ( 1 , rwc ) ; grand lake , scotchtown , 45 . 8763°n , 66 . 1822°w , 16 . vi . 2013 , r . p . webster / / lake margin in shallow water ( 1 , nbm ) ; near jemseg , 45 . 8237°n , 66 . 1393°w , 7 . vi . 2003 / / vernal pond in meadow , grass and sedge bottom ( 1 , rwc ) ; rt . 105 , n of coytown , 45 . 8237°n , 66 . 1393°w , 17 . vi . 2013 , r . p . webster / / flooded meadow near seasonally flooded forest / marsh ( 1 , nbm ) . sunbury co . , maugerville , portobello creek n . w . a . , 45 . 8992°n , 66 . 4248°w , 18 . vi . 2004 , r . p . webster / / silver maple forest near slow flowing river , black light trap ( 1 , rwc ) . york co . , charters settlement , 45 . 8352°n , 66 . 7330°w , 24 . v . 2003 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , margin of beaver pond among sedges ( 1 , rwc ) ; charters settlement , 45 . 8395°n , 66 . 7391°w , 24 . v . 2003 , 7 . ix . 2007 , 3 . ix . 2010 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , u . v . light ( 2 , nbm ; 2 , rwc ) ; near thomaston corner , 45 . 637°n , 67 . 113°w , 13 . ix . 2003 , v . webster & r . webster / / gravel pit pond ( 1 , rwc ) .
nt , bc , ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb , pe ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , queens co . , c . f . b . gagetown , 45 . 7516°n , 66 . 1866°w , 3 - 15 . vii . 2013 , c . alderson & v . webster / / old mixed forest with quercus rubra , lindgren funnel trap in canopy of quercus rubra ( 1 , afc ) . york co . , canterbury , browns mtn . fen [ eel river p . n . a . ] , 45 . 8967°n , 67 . 6343°w , 23 . vi . 2005 , j . edsall & r . webster / / cedar swamp , in shaded moss - covered pools ( 4 , rwc ) ; same locality but 23 . vi . 2014 , r . p . webster / / calcareous cedar fen with shrubby cinquefoil , treading saturated sphagnum along moose trail ( 1 , nbm ; 1 , rwc ) .
ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
most specimens from new brunswick were collected from saturated sphagnum moss in an open calcareous cedar fen . smetana ( 1988 ) mentions that paracymus despectus ( leconte ) frequents shallow water with abundant organic debris but noted that little else was known about its habitat preferences .
new brunswick , carleton co . , belleville , meduxnekeag valley nature preserve , 46 . 1942°n , 67 . 6832°w , 9 . vi . 2008 , r . p . webster / / river margin , among cobblestones set in sand and fine gravel near water’s edge ( 2 , rwc ) . queens co . , bayard at nerepis river , 45 . 4426°n , 66 . 3280°w , 30 . v . 2008 , 25 . vi . 2010 , r . p . webster / / river margin , under small rocks in gravel and in moist gravel ( 5 , rwc )
in new brunswick , adults of chaetarthria atra ( leconte ) were found on river margins among cobblestones set in fine sand and gravel , under small rocks , and in moist gravel at water’s edge . little was previously known about its habitat preferences ( smetana 1988 ) .
new brunswick , albert co . , shepody n . w . a . , germantown section , 45 . 7056°n , 64 . 7642°w , 17 . v . 2004 , r . p . webster / / cattail and sedge marsh in marsh litter ( 1 , rwc ) . york co . , charters settlement , 45 . 8263°n , 66 . 7350°w , 5 . v . 2003 , r . p . webster / / sedge marsh , in pools among sedges and sphagnum moss ( 1 , rwc ) .
ak , yk , nt , bc , ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb , ns ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , albert co . , caledonia gorge p . n . a . , 45 . 8380°n , 64 . 8484°w , 3 . vii . 2011 , r . p . webster / / near turtle creek , old - growth hardwood forest , mossy [ spring - fed ] seepage with some carex , sifting saturated moss ( 1 , rwc ) . carleton co . , meduxnekeag valley nature preserve , 46 . 1890°n , 67 . 6706°w , 8 . vi . 2005 , r . p . webster / / old - growth cedar stand , in saturated moss and debris in spring - fed seepage ( 7 , rwc ) ; [ jackson falls ] bell forest , 46 . 2210°n , 67 . 7210°w , 2 . vi . 2005 , r . p . webster / / mature hardwood forest , among small stones in spring - fed brook ( 2 , rwc ) . york co . , charters settlement , 45 . 8380°n , 66 . 7309°w , 14 . v . 2004 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , small clear stream among gravel and stones ( 1 , rwc ) .
most specimens of cymbiodyta blanchardi horn from new brunswick were found in saturated moss and debris in spring - fed seepages . others were found among small stones in a spring - fed brook and among gravel and stones in a small clear stream . smetana ( 1988 ) reported the species from similar habitats , including moss and algae on dripping cliffs . little else is known about the biology of this species .
new brunswick , albert co . , shepody n . w . a . , germantown section , 45 . 7101°n , 64 . 7542°w , 17 . v . 2004 , r . p . webster / / spruce , fir , birch forest near large marsh , in leaf litter ( 1 , rwc ) . sunbury co . , sheffield , portobello creek n . w . a . , 45 . 8965°n , 66 . 2725°w , 1 . viii . 2004 , r . p . webster / / silver maple swamp near seasonally flooded marsh , u . v . light trap ( 1 , rwc ) .
bc , mb , on , qc , nb ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , gloucester co . , caraquet near rivière du nord , 47 . 7949°n , 65 . 0903°w , 15 . viii . 2003 , r . p . webster / / salt marsh , in small salt pond ( 2 , nbm , 1 , rwc ) ; maisonette marsh , 47 . 8150°n , 65 . 0146°w , 30 . vii . 2005 , r . p . webster / / salt marsh , under litter on margin of salt pond ( 9 , nbm ; 2 , rwc ) . kings co . , plumweseep salt spring , 45 . 74326°n , 65 . 43819°w , 19 . vi . 2012 , r . p . webster & d . sabine / / inland salt spring with clay margin with sparse vegetation ( salt grass ) , splashing ( 1 , rwc ) . madawaska co . , loon lake , 236 m elev . , 47 . 7839°n , 68 . 3943°w , 21 . vii . 2010 , r . p . webster / / boreal forest , small lake surrounded by sedges , treading sedges near myrica gale bushes ( 1 , rwc ) . queens co . , near jemseg [ grand lake meadows p . n . a . ] , 45 . 8237°n , 66 . 1393°w , 7 . vi . 2003 , r . p . webster / / vernal pond in meadow , grass and sedge bottom ( 4 , rwc ) . restigouche co . , near morin bog , n of kedgwick , 47 . 6828°n , 67 . 3148°w , 6 . vi . 2003 , r . p . webster / / black spruce forest , sedge marsh in large semi permanent flooded pool ( 1 , rwc ) . sunbury co . , maugerville , portobello creek n . w . a . , 45 . 8992°n , 66 . 4248°w , 18 . vi . 2004 , r . p . webster / / silver maple forest near slow flowing river , black light trap ( 1 , rwc ) . york co . , fredericton , 4 . vi . 1930 , r . p . gorham ( 1 , afc ) ; charters settlement , 45 . 8248°n , 66 . 7220°w , 11 . v . 2003 , 18 . v . 2003 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , small eutrophic pond in dense vegetation ( 3 , rwc ) .
nt , bc , ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb , ns , pe , nf ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , queens co . , grand lake meadows p . n . a . , 45 . 8227°n , 66 . 1209°w , 24 . viii - 3 . ix . 2010 , r . p . webster / / old silver maple forest with green ash and seasonally flooded marsh , lindgren funnel trap ( 1 , rwc ) ; same locality data , forest type and collection method but 5 - 17 . viii . 2011 , m . roy & v . webster ( 1 , rwc ) . restigouche co . , otter brook fen , 47 . 9337°n , 68 . 0532°w , 30 . vii . 2012 , r . webster & m . turgeon / / carex marsh on lake margin , treading vegetation ( 1 , rwc ) .
new brunswick , queens co . , grand lake near scotchtown , 45 . 8762°n , 66 . 1816°w , 9 . vii . 2006 / / r . p . webster , oak and maple forest , m . v . light ( 2 , rwc ) . sunbury co . , maugerville , portobello creek n . w . a . , 45 . 8992°n , 66 . 4248°w , 18 . vi . 2004 , r . p . webster / / silver maple forest near slow flowing river , black light trap ( 1 [ male dissected ] , rwc ) . york co . , charters settlement , 45 . 8395°n , 66 . 7391°w , 17 . vi . 2004 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , m . v . light ( 1 , rwc )
new brunswick , york co . , charters settlement , 45 . 8395°n , 66 . 7391°w , 23 . vii . 2007 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , u . v . light ( 1 , rwc ) .
mb , on , qc , nb ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , york co . , charters settlement , 45 . 8395°n , 66 . 7391°w , 23 . vii . 2007 , 20 . viii . 2011 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , m . v . light ( 2 , rwc ) ; douglas , currie mountain , 45 . 9832°n , 66 . 7564°w , 24 . vi–9 . vii . 2013 , c . alderson & v . webster / / old pinus strobus stand , lindgren funnel trap in canopy of pinus strobus ( 1 , rwc ) .
nt , bc , ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , albert co . , shepody n . w . a . , germantown section , 45 . 7056°n , 64 . 7642°w , 17 . v . 2004 , r . p . webster / / cattail and sedge marsh , in marsh litter ( 1 , rwc ) ; caledonia gorge p . n . a . , 45 . 7930°n , 64 . 7764°w , 1 . vii . 2011 , r . p . webster / / small rocky clear - cold river ( caledonia creek ) , sifting drift material ( tree bud material ) near eddy area ( 1 , rwc ) . carleton co . , two mile brook fen , 46 . 3619°n , 67 . 6733°w , 6 . v . 2005 , r . p . webster / / cedar forest / swamp , in moist sphagnum ( 1 , rwc ) . queens co . , w of jemseg near “trout creek” [ grand lake meadows p . n . a . ] , 45 . 8227°n , 66 . 1240°w , 9 . v . 2004 , r . p . webster / / silver maple swamp , sifting litter at base of large tree ( 1 , rwc ) . sunbury co . , maugerville , portobello creek n . w . a . , 45 . 8992°n , 66 . 4248°w , 5 . vi . 2004 , r . p . webster / / silver maple forest , margin of small pond in leaf litter ( 1 , rwc ) ; gilbert island , 45 . 8770°n , 66 . 2954°w , 12 - 29 . vi . 2012 , c . alderson , c . hughes & v . webster / / hardwood forest , lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under juglans cinerea ( 1 , rwc ) . york co . , fredericton , at saint john river , 45 . 9588°n , 66 . 6254°w , 4 . vii . 2004 , r . p . webster / / river margin , in drift material ( mostly maple seeds ) ( 1 , rwc ) ; charters settlement , 45 . 8395°n , 66 . 7391°w , 15 . iv . 2004 , r . p . webster / / mixed forest , in leaf litter near small stream ( 2 , rwc ) ; same locality data and collector but 9 . iv . 2005 / / residential lawn among lawn grass adjacent to garden ( 1 , rwc ) .
ak , yt , nt , bc , ab , sk , mb , on , qc , nb ( bousquet et al . 2013 ) .
new brunswick , sunbury co . , gilbert island , 45 . 8770°n , 66 . 2954°w , 18 - 28 . v . 2012 , c . alderson , c . hughes & v . webster / / hardwood forest , lindgren funnel trap 1 m high under tilia americana ( 1 , rwc ) .
phylogney of hydrophiloidea ( coleoptera : staphyliniformia ) using characters from adult and preimaginal stages .
bousquet y , bouchard p , davies ae , sikes d . ( 2013 )
webster rp , sweeney jd , demerchant i , silk pj , mayo p . ( 2012 )
in : anderson r , klimaszewski j . ( eds ) biodiversity and ecology of the coleoptera of new brunswick , canada .