the barbados anole ( anolis extremus ) is a species of anole lizard that is native to barbados , an island-nation in the caribbean .

originally endemic to barbados , it has since been introduced to saint lucia and bermuda .

it was previously treated as a subspecies of martinique 's anole ( a. roquet ) .

males have pale lavender to blue-gray heads , with blue eyelids .

their dorsal surfaces are deep green with dark markings and occasionally white spots , and their bellies are yellow .

females are smaller and duller in color and may have a mid-dorsal stripe .

it remains widespread and abundant on barbados , where it is the only anole species .

it adapts well to populated environments .

it has been reported in florida since the 1990s , though this is likely due to repeated introductions and escapes as a sustained , breeding population has not been confirmed .

barbados anole

anolis extremus ( barbados anole ) ; adult . barbados wildlife reserve , barbados . february 2010 .
anolis extremus ( barbados anole ) ; adult , close - up of head . barbados wildlife reserve , barbados . february 2010 .
florida fish and wildlife conservation commission , 2013 . barbados anole . species profiles - nonnatives . florida , usa : florida fish and wildlife conservation commission . urltoken
lesser antilles : barbados , st . lucia , bermuda ; introduced to venezuela ( caracas ) and trinidad type locality : bridgetown , barbados .
c ) support reptile conservation in other countries by prohibiting , screening and removing anole lizards from exported cargo .
a . extremus is a medium - sized anole lizard native to barbados , where it is found in most terrestrial habitats apart from grassland . there are six known introductions , two of which in trinidad an
fields a ; horrocks ja , 2009 . an annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of barbados . journal of the barbados museum and historical society , 55 : 263 - 283 .
nummelin m , 1992 . seasonal occurrence of juvenile anolis extremus garman in forest patches in barbados . journal of the barbados museum and historical society , 43 : 24 - 31 .
continent : caribbean south - america distribution : lesser antilles : barbados , st . lucia , bermuda ; introduced to venezuela ( caracas ) and trinidad type locality : bridgetown , barbados .
no specific information . as a medium - sized anole , a life expectancy of around two years is likely ( losos , 2009 ) .
barbados has only a single native anole species ( though some non - native cuban brown anoles are also present there ) . the barbados anole is a fine , colorful , weird - looking species . on our one day on barbados , we took a guided tour with a vanful of other cruise participants , stopping briefly at a number of scenic and / or cultural sites throughout most of the day . at every stop i took the few available minutes to poke around for herps , and was finally rewarded about halfway through the tour by this young anolis extremus lurking in the branches of some thick bushes off the side of the road .
grant c , 1959 . herpetology of barbados , b . w . i . herpetologica , 15 : 97 - 101 .
exceedingly abundant all over barbados , with an apparently balanced sex ratio ( lazell , 1972 ) . no density estimates are available .
it is widespread in its native barbados , where it is found in most terrestrial habitats apart from grassland ( fields and horrocks , 2011 ) . there have been no attempts to locate the area of origin of any of the introduced populations , whether direct from barbados or secondarily from other introduced populations .
the proposal to place a . extremus in the new genus dactyloa was refuted by poe ( 2013 ) . a . extremus is part of the roquet group of anolis of the southern lesser antilles ( yang et al . , 1974 ) . there are no subspecies recognized . the common name in its native barbados is green lizard or tree lizard ( fields and horrocks , 2011 ) , and the adult males may also be known as cock lizards ( fields and horrocks , 2009 ) ; outside its native island it is known as the barbados anole . the common names zanndoli and extreme anole are also reported on st lucia ; zanndoli is a general name applied to all three anolis species on the island ( daltry , 2009 ) .
grant , c . 1959 . herpetology of barbados , b . w . i . herpetologica 15 ( 2 ) : 97 - 101 - get paper here
anthony hunte is a gracious host who really knows how to garden ! we were in awe of everything . our kids , young adults , could not stop taking pictures . they loved discovering toads , frogs , barbados anole lizards , flowers , trees , and plants in every nook and cranny mr . hunte provides for your delight . what a treat to spend time in this peaceful place . . . .
a short video of barbados anolis lizards that make our garden their home . watch one eat some bits of fruit and another display his throat skin ( dewlap ) for the ladies !
a . extremus is a medium - sized anole lizard native to barbados , where it is found in most terrestrial habitats apart from grassland . there are six known introductions , two of which in trinidad and tobago are no longer present , and one in florida could not be confirmed . introductions to venezuela , bermuda and st . lucia are all confined to disturbed or urban and suburban habitats , and the species is not considered as invasive , except in some of the urban and suburban areas of st . lucia where it has replaced the native a . luciae . in its native barbados a . extremus remains abundant and is not threatened .
thorpe rs ; leadbeater dl ; pook e , 2005 . molecular clocks and geological dates : cytochrome b of anolis extremus substantially contradicts dating of barbados emergence . molecular ecology , 14 : 2087 - 2096 .
a . extremus shows a genetic divergence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 8 . 3 % from the sister species a . roquet from martinique ( thorpe et al . , 2005 ) . that is a much greater degree of divergence than predicted from the molecular clock for this gene , and the proposed geological time of emergence of barbados , and suggests either more rapid divergence between these two species , or an earlier time of emergence of barbados .
a . extremus is likely to be first noticed as an unusual anole unlike existing species in an area . most areas suitable for a . extremus introduction will already have native or other introduced anolis species . schwartz and henderson ( 1991 ) remains the most useful initial guide to identification , but identification should be confirmed by a taxonomic specialist , as there are hundreds of anolis species potentially involved in introductions .
all female anoles lay a clutch of a single egg , often at intervals of only 1 - 2 weeks in productive habitats ( andrews and rand , 1974 ) . a . extremus breeds year round on barbados , with peak reproduction rate in the rainy season ( nummelin , 1992 ) .
a . extremus is active throughout the year and does not hibernate or aestivate . in barbados they are mostly seen in trees , on the trunk and on larger branches in the canopy , on low shrubs , on walls of buildings , fences and on the ground ( fields and horrocks , 2009 ) . juveniles are commonly found amid forest floor vegetation ( nummelin , 1992 ) . the headbob display behaviour has apparently changed in the introduced population on bermuda compared to the native population on barbados , although this observation has not been statistically confirmed ( macedonia and clark , 2003 ) .
on barbados it is preyed upon by mongooses ( herpestes javanicus ) , green herons ( butorides virescens ) , cattle egrets ( bubulcus ibis ) , carib grackles ( quiscalus lugubris ) , the grey kingbird ( tyrannus dominicensis ) , the centipede scolopendra subspinipes , and domestic cats ( fields and horrocks , 2009 ) .
gorman et al . ( 1978 ) used electrophoresis to compare heterozygosity of introduced and native populations of a . extremus on bermuda , st lucia and barbados . all introduced populations had fewer polymorphic loci and lower heterozygosity than native populations . this indicates loss of genetic variability during the introduction process , presumably due to a founder effect .
there is no significant commercial trade in a . extremus as pets , at least into or through the usa ( powell et al . , 2011 ) . there is always some risk of further introductions to the wider caribbean region via the horticultural trade or shipping , either from barbados or from the introduced populations in the ports on bermuda and st lucia .
helmus , matthew r . ; jocelyn e . behm , wendy a . m . jesse , jason j . kolbe , jacintha ellers , and jonathan b . losos 2016 . exotics exhibit more evolutionary history than natives : a comparison of the ecology and evolution of exotic and native anole lizards . in : invasion genetics : the baker and stebbins legacy , first edition . edited by spencer c . h . barrett , robert i . colautti , katrina m . dlugosch , and loren h . rieseberg ; john wiley & sons , pp . 122 - 138 ( publication year given as 2017 in the book ) - get paper here
species account : this species is native to barbados and st . lucia , but its existence in lee county , florida , is tenuous . males attain a length of 19 cm ( 7 . 5 in ) and are olive colored with dark blotches and light spots , with the greenish coloration of the sides and back of the body . the belly is bright yellow and the head is gray to gray - brown ( bartlett and bartlett 1999 ) .
a . extremus is a medium - sized anole ( anolis lizard ) , snout - vent ( body excluding tail ) length up to 83 mm in males and 60 mm in females . males mossy green , anterior trunk with dark brown to black markings , with or without small pale spots . head with blue - grey or lavender . underside yellow , dewlap orange with yellow to greenish scales . females olive green , duller than males , and may have striped middorsal pattern ( schwartz and henderson , 1991 ) . lazell ( 1972 ) and schwartz and henderson ( 1991 ) give diagnostic details of scalation . lazell ( 1972 ) designated mcz 6183 ( museum of comparative zoology , harvard ; garman collection ) as the type specimen .
staats and schall ( 1996 ) and schall and staats ( 1997 ) examined the blood of 28 a . extremus from barbados but found no plasmodium or haemogregarine parasites . gastrointestinal helminths have been recorded in a . extremus introduced in bermuda ( goldberg et al . , 1995 ) . poulin et al . ( 2003 ) noted three species of metazoan parasites in a sample of 10 a . extremus , but without giving details of taxa or location involved . goldberg et al . ( 1997 ) found the oxyurid nematode parapharyngodon cubensis in a . extremus , but the location of the a . extremus is unknown ( information from bursey et al . , 2012 ) .
two introduced populations of a . extremus to trinidad and tobago have both become extinct . boos ( 1967 ) introduced six pairs to huevos island ( off trinidad ) in 1965 as an experiment , and at least two individuals were still present in 1976 ( boos , 1978 ) , although neither boos ( 1996 ) nor charles and smith ( 2008 ) subsequently found the species there . a second introduction was around the holiday inn hotel on wrightson road , port of spain , in 1982 ( murphy , 1997 ) . this is said to have originated from lizards released by a collector who was in transit from barbados to another location ( jc murphy , personal communication ) . this population was extinct by 2004 , and a . extremus is no longer considered to be present in trinidad and tobago ( hailey et al . , 2009 ) .
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established status : species are present but not confirmed to be breeding . population persists only with repeated introductions and / or escapes of individuals .
bartlett , r . d . , and p . p . bartlett . 1999 . a field guide to florida reptiles and amphibians . gulf publishing company , houston , texas . 278pp .
fwc facts : after reaching sexual maturity at 4 - 7 years , female manatees give birth to an average of one calf every 2 - 3 years . the calf stays with its mother for up to 2 years .
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losos ( 1996 ) and daltry ( 2009 ) provide the latest available maps of the distribution of the introduced populations of a . extremus in bermuda and st lucia , respectively . none of the other introduced populations have been mapped .
the distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available . when several references are cited , they may give conflicting information on the status . further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can be selected by going to generate report .
bartlett and bartlett , 1998 ; meshaka et al . , 2004 ; krysko et al . , 2011
boos , 1967 ; boos , 1978 ; boos , 1996 ; murphy , 1997 ; charles and smith , 2008 ; hailey et al . , 2009
in bermuda a . extremus was first observed in 1953 ( wingate , 1965 ) , apparently introduced via ships using the naval dockyard in the period 1940 - 1945 ( lever , 2003 ) . it had not spread much further by 1974 ( roughgarden , 1992 ) , and was still limited to an area of a few square km in 1991 ( losos , 1996 ; bacon et al . , 2006 ) . this contrasts with another introduced species , a . grahami , which is found throughout bermuda ( losos , 1996 ) . a . extremus is regarded as firmly established but non - invasive in bermuda .
in st . lucia a . extremus was first observed in 1956 , and by 1976 there was already an abundant , well - established population extending between castries and vigie , in the northwest of the island ( gorman , 1976 ) . sampling in 2009 showed that it had extended its range to an area of about 15 square km , but the species is still localized and confined to urban and suburban areas . daltry ( 2009 ) recorded a . extremus in only one out of 55 forest plots sampled ( near vigie airport ) , compared to 51 plots for the native a . luciae , accounting for 3 and 507 individuals , respectively . there has thus been little penetration into natural habitats in the first 50 years of this introduction . daltry ( 2009 ) describes the invasion of a . extremus in st lucia and its implications for conservation in some detail .
in venezuela a . extremus was first reported based on a personal communication to j . peters ( peters and donoso - barros , 1970 ) in caracas . subsequently museum specimens from caracas have been confirmed , and the species was observed in eastern caracas in 2011 ( rivas et al . , 2012 ) . it is regarded as established , but localized and non - invasive .
) . allen et al . ( 2013 , appendix s2 , herpetofauna introduced into peninsular florida before 2001 ) consider
native populations occupy most terrestrial habitats , such as woodlands , gullies and residential areas , but not grassland ( fields and horrocks , 2011 ) . introduced populations have been restricted to urban and suburban habitats in all areas , with limited spread into adjoining forest in st . lucia ( daltry , 2009 ) .
giannasi et al . ( 1997 ) investigated possible hybridisation between a . extremus and other anoles on st lucia , but found no evidence for this .
minimum size ( snout - vent length ) of mature individuals 46 mm in males and 42 mm in females ( lazell , 1972 ) .
feeds on ants , spiders , cockroaches , grasshoppers , insect larvae and occasionally fruit ( daltry , 2009 ) .
in bermuda a . extremus prefers cooler areas than another introduced species , a . grahami ( schoener , 1970 ; losos , 1996 ) . these two species are otherwise similar in body size and habitat requirements , and show interspecific aggressive behavioural interactions ( losos , 1996 ) .
most likely on horticultural produce , nursery plants , building materials or general shipping , or escaped pets .
the introduction of six pairs of a . extremus on huevos island , trinidad , by boos in 1965 ( boos , 1967 ) was deliberate , as an experiment by the curator of the local zoological gardens . the population persisted for about a decade ( boos , 1978 ) but then became extinct ( boos , 1996 ; hailey et al . , 2009 ) .
replacement of or addition to other anolis species is the only likely impact of introduced a . extremus . giannasi et al . ( 1997 ) investigated possible hybridization between a . extremus and the native a . luciae on st lucia , but found no evidence for this .
benefits from human association ( i . e . it is a human commensal )
there are approximately 400 species of anoles ( nicholson et al . , 2012 ) , so confirmation of new invasions of a . extremus or other similar species requires a taxonomic specialist . schwartz and henderson ( 1991 ) remains the most useful guide for initial recognition of introduced anoles .
the great kiskadee ( tyrant flycatcher , pitangus sulphuratus ) was introduced from trinidad to bermuda in 1957 to control introduced anoles , particularly a . grahami . it has been ineffective in controlling a . extremus or other anoles , but is implicated in the extinction of the endemic cicada and is becoming a major threat to native birds ( glasspool et al . , 2007 ) . similarly , the introduced mongoose ( herpestes javanicus ) preys on a . extremus in st lucia , but apparently not enough to have a significant impact on their numbers ( daltry , 2009 ) .
daltry ( 2009 ) regarded island - wide eradication of a . extremus from st . lucia to be neither necessary nor feasible , but suggested that removal by hand could be effective on a local scale . her suggestions for management of the species were :
most work on introduced populations of a . extremus has focused on basic biological questions rather than invasiveness or consequences . this state is likely to continue as economic impacts of anolis introductions are minor or negligible .
allen cr ; nemec kt ; wardwell da ; hoffman jd ; brust m ; decker kl ; fogell d ; hogue j ; lotz a ; miller t ; pummill m ; ramirez - yañez le ; uden dr , 2013 . predictors of regional establishment success and spread of introduced non - indigenous vertebrates . global ecology and biogeography , 22 ( 7 ) : 889 - 899 . urltoken
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boos hea , 1978 . survival of anolis extremus on huevos island . living world , 1977 - 1978 : 46 - 47 .
boos hea , 1996 . some recent reptilian introductions to trinidad . living world , 1995 - 1996 . 17 - 19 .
bursey cr ; goldberg sr ; telford sr jr ; vitt lj , 2012 . metazoan endoparasites of 13 species of central american anoles ( sauria : polychrotidae : anolis ) with a review of the helminth communities of caribbean , mexican , north american , and south american anoles . comparative parasitology , 79 ( 1 ) : 75 - 132 . urltoken
charles sp ; smith s , 2008 . observations of reptiles on huevos island , trinidad , with five lizard species newly recorded for the island . living world , 2008 : 28 - 32 .
corke d , 1992 . the status and conservation needs of the terrestrial herpetofauna of the windward islands ( west indies ) . biological conservation , 62 : 47 - 58 .
daltry jc , 2009 . the status and management of saint lucia ' s forest reptiles and amphibians . sfa 2003 / slu / bit - 04 / 0711 / emf / lc . , finland : fcg fauna & flora , 80 pp . urltoken ; = sfa2003
fields a ; horrocks ja , 2011 . conservation of caribbean island herpetofaunas , volume 2 : regional accounts of the west indies [ ed . by hailey , a . \ wilson , b . s . \ horrocks , j . a . ] . leiden , netherlands : brill , 89 - 104 .
garman s , 1887 . on west indian reptiles . iguanidae . bulletin of the essex institute , 19 : 25 - 50 .
giannasi n ; thorpe rs ; malhotra a , 1997 . introductions of anolis species to the island of st . lucia , west indies : testing for hybrids using multivariate morphometrics . journal of herpetology , 31 : 586 - 589 .
glasspool af ; sterrer w ; ward ja , 2007 . invasive alien species in bermuda - the current situation . in : biodiversity that matters : a conference on conservation in uk overseas territories and other small island communities , 6 - 12 october 2006 [ ed . by pienkowski ] . london , uk : uk overseas territories conservation forum , 238 - 242 . urltoken
goldberg sr ; bursey cr ; cheam h , 1997 . gastrointestinal helminths of 12 species of anolis lizards ( polychrotidae ) from the lesser antilles , west indies . journal of the helminthological society of washington , 64 : 248 - 257 .
goldberg sr ; bursey cr ; tawil r , 1995 . gastrointestinal helminths of three introduced anoles : anolis bimaculatus leachi , anolis grahami , and anolis roquet ( polychridae ) from bermuda . journal of the helminthological society of washington , 62 ( 1 ) : 62 - 64 .
gorman gc , 1976 . observations on the distribution of anolis extremus ( sauria : iguanidae ) on st lucia , west indies - a ' colonizing ' species . herpetologica , 32 : 184 - 188 .
gorman gc ; kim yj ; yang sy , 1978 . the genetics of colonization : loss of variability among introduced populations of anolis lizards ( reptilia , lacertilia , iguanidae ) . journal of herpetology , 12 : 47 - 51 .
hailey a ; quesnel vc ; boos hea , 2009 . the persistence of anolis trinitatis as a naturalized lizard in trinidad against hybridization pressure with anolis aeneus . applied herpetology , 6 : 275 - 294 .
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krauss u , 2012 . 161 invasive alien species present in saint lucia and their current status . caribbean alien invasive species network ( ciasnet ) , 12 pp . urltoken
krysko kl ; burgess jp ; rochford mr ; gillette cr ; cueva d ; enge km ; somma la ; stabile jl ; smith dc ; wasilewski ja ; kieckhefer gniii ; granatosky mc ; nielsen sv , 2011 . verified non - indigenous amphibians and reptiles in florida from 1863 through 2010 : outlining the invasion process and identifying invasion pathways and stages . zootaxa , 3028 : 1 - 64 .
lazell jd , 1972 . the anoles ( sauria , iguanidae ) of the lesser antilles . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology , 143 : 1 - 115 .
lever c , 2003 . naturalized reptiles and amphibians of the world . oxford , uk : oxford university press , 318 pp .
losos jb , 1996 . dynamics of range expansion by three introduced species of anolis lizards in bermuda . journal of herpetology , 30 : 204 - 210 .
losos jb , 2009 . lizards in an evolutionary tree . berkeley , california , usa : university of california press , 512 pp .
macedonia jm ; clark dl , 2003 . headbob display structure in the naturalized anolis lizards of bermuda : sex , context , and population effects . journal of herpetology , 37 : 266 - 276 .
meshaka we jr ; butterfield bp ; hauge jb , 2004 . the exotic amphibians and reptiles of florida [ ed . by meshaka , w . e . \ butterfield , b . p . \ hauge , j . b . ] . malabar , usa : krieger publishing company , x + 155 pp .
murphy jc , 1997 . amphibians and reptiles of trinidad and tobago . malabar , florida , usa : krieger , 245 pp .
nicholson ke ; crother bi ; guyer c ; savage jm , 2012 . it is time for a new classification of anoles ( squamata : dactyloidae ) ? zootaxa , 3477 : 1 - 108 .
peters ja ; donoso - barros r , 1970 . catalogue of the neotropical squamata . part ii : lizards and amphisbaenians . united states national museum bulletin , 297 : 1 - 293 .
poe s , 2013 . 1986 redux : new genera of anoles ( squamata : dactyloidae ) are unwarranted . zootaxa , 3626 : 295 - 299 .
poulin r ; mouillot d ; george - nascimento m , 2003 . the relationship between species richness and productivity in metazoan parasite communities . oecologia , 137 ( 2 ) : 277 - 285 .
powell r ; henderson rw ; farmer mc ; breuil m ; echternacht ac ; buurt gvan ; romagosa cm ; perry g , 2011 . introduced amphibians and reptiles in the greater caribbean : patterns and conservation implications . in : conservation of caribbean island herpetofaunas , volume 1 : conservation biology and the wider caribbean [ ed . by hailey , a . \ wilson , b . s . \ horrocks , j . a . ] . leiden , netherlands : brill , 63 - 143 .
rivas ga ; molina cr ; ugueto gn ; barros tr ; barrio - amorós cl ; kok pjr , 2012 . reptiles of venezuela : an updated and commented checklist . zootaxa , 3211 : 1 - 64 . urltoken
roughgarden j , 1992 . comments on the paper by losos : character displacement versus taxon loop . copeia , 1992 : 288 - 295 .
schall jj ; staats cm , 1997 . parasites and the evolution of extravagant male characters : anolis lizards on caribbean islands as a test of the hamilton - zuk hypothesis . oecologia , 111 : 543 - 548 .
schoener tw , 1970 . nonsynchronous spatial overlap of lizards in patchy habitats . ecology , 51 : 408 - 418 .
schwartz a ; henderson rw , 1991 . amphibians and reptiles of the west indies . gainesville , florida , usa : university of florida press , 720 pp .
staats cm ; schall jj , 1996 . malarial parasites ( plasmodium ) of anolis lizards : biogeography in the lesser antilles . biotropica , 28 ( 3 ) : 388 - 393 .
wingate db , 1965 . terrestrial herpetofauna of bermuda . herpetologica , 21 : 202 - 218 .
yang sy ; soule m ; gorman gc , 1974 . anolis lizards of the eastern caribbean : a case study in evolution . genetic relationships , phylogeny , and colonization sequence of the roquet group . systematic zoology , 23 : 387 - 399 .
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anolis roquet var . extremus garman 1887 : 35 anolis roquet extremus — grant 1959 anolis roquet extremus — schmidt 1979 anolis extremus — schwartz & henderson 1991 : 262 dactyloa extrema — nicholson et al . 2012
for illustrations see gorman , 1968 ; lazell , 1972 ; schwartz and henderson , 1985 . species groups : dactyloa roquet species group ( fide nicholson et al . 2012 ) .
creer , douglas a . , kevin de queiroz , todd r . jackman , jonathan b . losos and allan larson 2001 . systematics of the anolis roquet series of the southern lesser antillies . journal of herpetology 35 ( 3 ) : 428 - 441 - get paper here
garman , s . 1887 . on west indian reptiles . iguanidae . bull . essex inst . 19 : 25 - 50 .
giannasi , nick ; thorpe , roger stephen ; malhotra , anita 1997 . introductions of anolis species to the island of st . lucia , west indies : testing for hybrids using multivariate morphometrics . journal of herpetology 31 ( 4 ) : 586 - 589 - get paper here
gorman , g . c . 1969 . the zoogeography of lesser antillean anolis lizards ; an analysis based upon chromosomes and lactic dehydrogenases . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 138 ( 3 ) : 53 - 80 . - get paper here
gorman , george c . 1976 . observations on the distribution of anolis extremus ( sauria : iguanidae ) on st . lucia , west indies - a
colonizing
species . herpetologica 32 ( 2 ) : 184 - 188 - get paper here
gorman , george c . & atkins , leonard 1968 . the relationships of the anolis of the roquet species group ( sauria : iguanidae ) . iii . comparative study of display behavior . breviora ( 284 ) : 1 - 31 - get paper here
heselhaus , ralf & schmidt , matthias 1995 . caribbean anoles . tfh publications , neptune city , nj , 65 pp .
köhler , gunther 2014 . characters of external morphology used in anolis taxonomy—definition of terms , advice on usage , and illustrated examples . zootaxa 3774 ( 2 ) : 201–257 - get paper here
lazell , j . d . 1972 . the anoles ( sauria : iguanidae ) of the lesser antilles . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard 143 ( 1 ) : 1 - 115 - get paper here
losos , jonathan b . 1996 . dynamics of range expansion by three introduced species of anolis lizards on bermuda . journal of herpetology 30 ( 2 ) : 204 - 210 - get paper here
nicholson , kirsten e . ; brian i . crother , craig guyer & jay m . savage 2012 . it is time for a new classification of anoles ( squamata : dactyloidae ) . zootaxa 3477 : 1–108
poe , s . 2013 . 1986 redux : new genera of anoles ( squamata : dactyloidae ) are unwarranted . zootaxa 3626 ( 2 ) : 295–299 - get paper here
rivas , gilson a . ; césar r . molina , gabriel n . ugueto , tito r . barros , césar l . bar - rio - amorós & philippe j . r . kok 2012 . reptiles of venezuela : an updated and commented checklist . zootaxa 3211 : 1–64 - get paper here
roughgarden , j . 1995 . anolis lizards of the caribbean : ecology , evolution , and plate tectonics . oxford university press , 200 pp .
schmidt , j . 1979 . warum eigentlich immer anolis carolinensis ? . herpetofauna 1 ( 3 ) : 26 - 29 - get paper here
schwartz , a . & henderson , r . w . 1991 . amphibians and reptiles of the west indies . university of florida press , gainesville , 720 pp .
schwartz , a . and henderson , r . w . 1985 . a guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of the west indies exclusive of hispaniola . milwaukee public mus . , 165 pp .
señaris , j . celsa ; maría matilde aristeguieta padrón , haidy rojas gil y fernando j . m . rojas - runjaic 2018 . guía ilustrada de los anfibios y reptiles del valle de caracas , venezuela . ediciones ivic , instituto venezolano de investigaciones científicas ( ivic ) . caracas , venezuela . 348 pp .
thorpe , roger s . ; yann surget - groba & helena johanss 2010 . genetic tests for ecological and allopatric speciation in anoles on an island archipelago . plos genet 6 ( 4 ) : e1000929 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pgen . 1000929 - get paper here
thorpe , roger s . ; yann surget - groba and helena johansson 2008 . the relative importance of ecology and geographic isolation for speciation in anoles . phil . trans . r . soc . b 363 : 3071–3081
wingate , d . b . 1965 . terrestrial herpetofauna of bermuda . herpetologica 21 ( 3 ) : 202 - 218 . - get paper here
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
when we got back to the cruise dock at the end of our tour , we still had a couple of hours before we had to be aboard the ship . we enjoyed a tasty beverage and some conch fritters at a cruise dock bar , and then walked along the shoreline for a half mile or so into bridgetown . a thin strip of parkland ran alongside the shore , and most of its scattered trees housed at least one of these fine anoles .
teddy the english bulldog jumps for the doorbell . . . . and that ' s it .
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you might hear this garden before you see it ; its delightfully . . .
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hilarographa sipiroca is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found on sumatra in western indonesia .

the wingspan is about 27 mm .

the ground colour of the forewings is creamish , slightly suffused with ferruginous in the form of transverse lines .

the costal area is pale orange ferruginous .

the hindwings are yellow orange .

hilarographa sipiroca

sipiroca razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 271 . tl : sumatra , utara , sipirok . holotype : bmnh . female .
hilarographa jonesi , the psychedelic jones moth , is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .
dulciana meyrick , in wagner , 1913 ( hilarographa ) , lepid . cat . ( 13 ) : 24 . no type
bryonota meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 479 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . holotype : bmnh . male .
buruana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 270 . tl : buru , holotype : bmnh . male .
eriglypta meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 478 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . holotype : bmnh . male .
methystis meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 479 . tl : peru , jurimaguas . lectotype : bmnh . male .
thaliarcha meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 328 . tl : brazil , par . lectotype : bmnh . male .
euphronica meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 328 . tl : brazil , r trombetas . lectotype : bmnh . male .
iquitosana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 213 . tl : peru , iquitos . holotype : bmnh . male .
parambae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 215 . tl : ecuador , paramba . holotype : bmnh . male .
plectanodes meyrick , 1921 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 480 . tl : peru , ro napo . lectotype : bmnh . male .
baliana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 265 . tl : malaysia , bali . holotype : bmnh . male .
charagnotorna razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 210 . tl : bolivia , cuatro ojos . holotype : bmnh . male .
perakana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 265 . tl : malaysia , perak . holotype : bmnh . female .
xanthotoxa meyrick , 1920 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 2 : 329 . tl : brazil , amazonas , teffe . holotype : bmnh . male .
belizeae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 215 . tl : belize , upper raspacula valley . holotype : bmnh . male .
mariannae razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , polskie pismo entomol . 78 : 212 . tl : brazil , parana , castro . holotype : bmnh . male .
temburonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : brunei , ulu temburong . holotype : bmnh . male .
uluana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : brunei , ulu temburong . holotype : bmnh . male .
bellica meyrick , 1912 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 1 : 37 . tl : suriname , dutch guiana ( paramaribo ) . holotype : bmnh . male .
hainanica razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : china , hainan , porten . holotype : bmnh . male .
johnibradleyi razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : thailand , doi suthep pui . holotype : bmnh . male .
marangana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : sw . sumatra , marang . holotype : bmnh . male .
rampayoha razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 271 . tl : brunei , rampayoh r . . holotype : bmnh . male .
robinsoni razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 276 . tl : brunei , rampayoh r . . holotype : bmnh . female .
ancilla razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 266 . tl : india , bombay , castle rock . holotype : bmnh . female .
calyx razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 276 . tl : formosa [ taiwan ] , kanshirei . holotype : bmnh . female .
obinana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : moluccas islands , obi major island . holotype : bmnh . female .
orthochrysa meyrick , 1932 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 4 : 274 . tl : brazil , santa catarina , neu - bremen . holotype : nhmv . female .
soleana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : indonesia , seram , operation releigh . holotype : bmnh . male .
auroscripta razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 269 . tl : amboyna [ indonesia , maluku islands ] , holotype : bmnh . female .
khaoyai razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 275 . tl : thailand , khao yai nat . park . holotype : bmnh . male .
renonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 274 . tl : siam , renong , low country forest . holotype : bmnh . male .
bosavina razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 270 . tl : papua new guinea , southern highlands , bosavi . holotype : bmnh . female .
celebesiana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 264 . tl : s . celebes ,
low country
. holotype : bmnh . male .
hexapeda meyrick , 1913 ( hilarographa ) , exotic microlepid . 1 : 99 . tl : guyana , british guiana [ guyana ] ( bartica ) . lectotype : bmnh . female .
muluana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 273 . tl : sarawak , guanong , mulu nat . park . holotype : bmnh . male .
pahangana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 264 . tl : malaysia , west pahang , genting tea estate . holotype : bmnh . male .
gentinga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 267 . tl : malaysia , w . pahang , genting tea estate . holotype : bmnh . male .
tasekia razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : malaysia , perak , tasek , temenggor , sungei halong . holotype : bmnh . male .
fergussonana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 268 . tl : papua new guinea , d ' entrecasteaux islands , fergusson island . holotype : bmnh . male .
odontia razowski & wojtusiak , 2011 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 54b : 113 . tl : colombia , western cordillera , tambito forest res . . holotype : mzuj . male .
meekana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 266 . tl : papua new guinea , d ' entrecasteaux is . , fergusson island . holotype : bmnh . female .
castanea razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 51b : 157 . tl : ecuador , prov . pichincha , pacto , r ? o mashpi . holotype : mzuj . male .
uthaithani razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 272 . tl : w . thailand , uthai thani , huai kha khaeng , khao nang ram . holotype : bmnh . male .
shehkonga razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 273 . tl : hong kong , kadoorie agric . research centre , shek kong n . t . . holotype : bmnh . male .
gunongana razowski , 2009 ( hilarographa ) , shilap revta . lepid . 37 : 274 . tl : sarawak , gunong mulu national park , r . g . s . expedition base camp . holotype : bmnh . male .
pyranthis meyrick , 1907 ( hilarographa ) , proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 32 : 91 . tl : new guinea . new guinea ( st . aignan island ) . holotype : unknown . unknown .
sepidmarginata razowski & wojtusiak , 2011 ( hilarographa ) , acta zool . cracov . 54b : 112 . tl : colombia , cauca department , western cordillera , pasto - tumaco rd . , cerro cuesbi forest res . , nambi . holotype : mzuj . female .
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bathychtra razowski & pelz , 2005 ( heppnerographa ) , entomol . zeit . 115 : 170 . tl : ecuador , tungurahua province , 20 km e baos , san francisco . holotype : smfl . male .
cladara diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 33 . tl : indonesia , east borneo , balikpapan , mentavir river . holotype : ncb . female .
crocochorista diakonoff , 1983 ( thaumatographa ) , proc . konin . neder . akad . weten . ( c ) 86 ( 4 ) : 479 . tl : indonesia , east java , tengger range , nongkodjadjar , mt . toenggangan . holotype : ncb . male .
cymatodes diakonoff , 1983 ( thaumatographa ) , proc . konin . neder . akad . weten . ( c ) 86 ( 4 ) : 482 . tl : indonesia , lesser sunda islands ( sumba island , mao marroe ) . holotype : ncb . female .
dolichosticha diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 32 . tl : indonesia , east java , tengger range , nongkodjadjar . holotype : ncb . female .
dulcisana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 415 . tl : brazil , amazonas , ega . holotype : bmnh . male .
excellens pagenstecher , 1900 ( thaumatographa ) , zoologica 29 : 230 tl : papua new guinea , syntype ( s ) : unknown . unknown .
grapholithana razowski & pelz , 2005 ( heppnerographa ) , entomol . zeit . 115 : 170 . tl : ecuador , morona - santiago province , macas , proano - inapula , crea - domono . holotype : smfl . male .
macaria diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 46 . tl : indonesia , west java , gede - panggrango mountains , tjibodas . holotype : ncb . female .
mesostigmatis diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 42 . tl : taiwan , rantasian . holotype : usnm . male .
oenobapta diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 28 . tl : indonesia , west java , buitenzorg . holotype : ncb . male .
phlox diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 40 . tl : indonesia , southeast java , mt . smeroe , ranoe daroengan . holotype : ncb . female .
plurimana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 416 . tl : brazil , amazonas , ega . holotype : bmnh . female .
quinquestrigana walker , 1866 ( carpocapsa ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 35 : 1796 . tl : brazil , so paulo . holotype : bmnh . male .
firmana felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( carpocapsa ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 138 , fig . 10 . tl : brazil . amazonas . holotype : bmnh . female .
refluxana walker , 1863 ( gauris ) , list specimens lepid . insects colln . br . mus 28 : 416 . tl : brazil , rio de janeiro . holotype : bmnh . female .
ribbei zeller , 1877 ( setiostoma ) , horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 189 . tl : panama , chiriqui . holotype : bmnh . female .
swederiana stoll , in cramer , 1791 ( phalaena ( tortrix ) ) , papillons exotiques s ( suppl . ) : 75 . tl : surinam , holotype : unknown . unknown .
trabaena felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ( grapholitha ) , reise st . fregatte novara ( zool . ) ( 2 ) 5 : pl . 138 , fig . 9 . tl : brazil . amazonas . holotype : bmnh . unknown . [ lost ]
tornoxena diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 50 . tl : indonesia , west java , mt . ged panggrango , tjibodas . holotype : ncb . male .
undosa diakonoff , 1977 ( thaumatographa ) , zool . verh . leiden 158 : 45 . tl : new guinea , northwest new guinea ( sorong ) . holotype : ncb . female .
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