the lemon-breasted canary ( crithagra citrinipectus ) , also known as the lemon-breasted seedeater , is a species of finch in the fringillidae family .

it is found in malawi , mozambique , south africa , zambia , and zimbabwe .

its natural habitats are dry savannah , subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , and rural gardens .

lemon - breasted canary

nobody uploaded sound recordings for lemon - breasted canary ( crithagra citrinipectus ) yet .
sharing information on feeding & breeding the lemon breasted canary ( serinus citrinipectus ) .
lemon - breasted canary male , at nest with chicks . [ photo hugh chittenden © ]
lemon - breasted canary female , at nest with chicks . [ photo hugh chittenden © ]
c . michael hogan added the english common name
lemon - breasted canary
to
serinus citrinipectus clancey & lawson 1960
.
lemon - breasted canary ( serinus citrinipectus ) a close - up of a male . | finches & sparrows | pinterest | bird and beautiful birds
page 256 , scaly - breasted woodpecker celeus grammicus in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to scale - breasted woodpecker .
distribution of lemon - breasted canary in southern africa , based on statistical smoothing of the records from first sa bird atlas project ( © animal demography unit , university of cape town ; smoothing by birgit erni and francesca little ) . colours range from dark blue ( most common ) through to yellow ( least common ) . see here for the latest distribution from the sabap2 .
clement , p . ( 2018 ) . lemon - breasted canary ( crithagra citrinipectus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 7 july 2018 ) .
lemon - breasted canary crithagra citrinipectus is an exceptionally unique bird with its entire distribution range linked to that of the lala palm hyphaene coriacea . this diminutive little canary obtains no food from any part of the plant . these birds are not only completely dependant on these palms on which they breed , but all the nesting material they use for the construction of their nests is derived from these plants . interestingly , it merely uses the palm as a structure on which to conceal its nest , as they feed on grass seeds and occasionally take insects .
page 146 , flame - winged parakeet pyrrhura calliptera in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to brown - breasted parakeet .
page 255 , spot - breasted woodpecker colaptes punctigula correct the distribution of subspecies ujhelyii to ” e panama ( darién ) and n colombia . ”
restricted - range and biome - restricted species include arnot ' s chat pentholaea arnotti ( restricted to the north of the park ) and the uncommon stierling ' s wren - warbler calamonastes stierlingi , gorgeous bush - shrike , meves ' s starling lamprotornis mevesii and lemon - breasted canary . white - throated robin - chat cossypha humeralis and burchell ' s starling l . australis are fairly common , while kurrichane thrush turdus libonyanus , white - bellied sunbird cinnyris talatala and brown - headed parrot are common .
page 631 , yellow - breasted greenfinch carduelis [ = chloris ] spinoides monguilloti delete this subspecies ; it is the same as vietnamese greenfinch carduelis [ = chloris ] monguilloti .
page 438 , lemon - rumped warbler phylloscopus proregulus in accord with nacc , change the english name of this species to pallas’s leaf - warbler ; the bourc uses a similar name , pallas’s leaf warbler .
restricted - range and biome - restricted species commonly encountered in suitable habitat are southern banded snake eagle , brown - headed parrot poicephalus cryptoxanthus , mangrove kingfisher , livingstone ' s turaco tauraco livingstonii , chorister robin - chat , white - throated robin - chat , brown scrub robin , stierling ' s wren - warbler calamonastes stierlingi , rudd ' s apalis , woodwards ' batis , gorgeous bush - shrike , olive bush - shrike chlorophoneus olivaceus , black - bellied starling , neergaard ' s sunbird , white - bellied sunbird cinnyris talatala , grey sunbird , pink - throated twinspot and lemon - breasted canary .
page 43 , sharp - shinned hawk ( white - breasted ) accipiter striatus [ chinogaster group ] correct the spelling of the scientific name for this pair of distinctive subspecies to chionogaster / madrensis .
the varied woodland communities host a plethora of small accipiters , cuckoos , owls , kingfishers , bee - eaters , rollers , hornbills , barbets , robins , cisticolas , flycatchers , shrikes , starlings , sunbirds , weavers , finches and waxbills . the thicket and forest areas support brown - headed parrot poicephalus cryptoxanthus and gorgeous bush - shrike chlorophoneus viridis , which are restricted to the east african coast biome . the small patches of sandveld in the far north - east hold low numbers of pink - throated twinspot hypargos margaritatus , while the lala palm savanna , also in the north - east , supports lemon - breasted canary crithagra citrinipectus .
the species is found in lowland palm savannas , clearings in dry woodland , brachystegia scrub , grassland , gardens , road verges and edges of cultivation , invariably below 750 m . it is gregarious and often forms flocks with yellow - fronted canary s . mozambicus , and in the non - breeding season nomadic flocks move at random in search of feeding areas of flowering grasses . it is strongly associated with ilala palms hyphaene natalensis over most of its range .
page 420 , gray - breasted prinia prinia hodgsonii leggei correct the name of this subspecies to pectoralis . the name leggei applies only when the genus malcorus is included within the genus prinia ; as clements checklist recognizes both malcorus and prinia as separate genera , there is no conflict over the name pectoralis . reference : watson , g . e . , m . a . traylor , jr , , and e . mayr . 1986 . family sylviidae ( old world warblers ) . pages 3 - 294 in check - list of birds of the world . volume xi . ( e . mayr and g . w . cottrell , editors ) . museum of comparative zoology , harvard university .
the treatment of the canary group as a single genus has been subject to much debate , with behavioural and vocal characters being used to divide it into seven or more genera . recent investigations using part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene have suggested the genus consists of two main clades ( serinus sensu stricto and crithagra ) separated by certain members of the genus carduelis , and these may be better treated as two separate genera . species in the crithagra clade could conceivably be split further into several more ( sub ) genera and may well be once relationships within the clade are better resolved . in the list below they are arranged in the groups as suggested in various publications e . g . ( elzen et al . ) and ( ryan et al . ) .
page 472 , blue - flycatchers and crested - flycatchers ( elminia ) these species have been classified as members of the monarch flycatchers ( monarchidae ) , but recent research demonstrates that they are not related to the monarchidae . instead , these species , together with the fairy flycatcher ( stenostira scita ) and the canary - flycatchers ( culicicapa ) , form a new family , fairy flycatchers ( stenostiridae ) . position the stenostiridae immediately following the swallows ( hirundinidae ) . reference : beresford , p . , f . k . barker , p . g . ryan , and t . m . crowe . 2005 . african endemics span the tree of songbirds passeri ) : molecular systematics of several evolutionary ‘enigmas’ . proceedings of the royal society b 272 : 849 - 858 .
page 454 , canary - flycatchers ( culicicapa ) these two species have been classified as members of the old world flycatchers ( muscicapidae ) , but recent research demonstrates that they are not related to the muscicapidae . instead , these species , together with the fairy flycatcher ( stenostira scita ) and the blue - flycatchers and the crested - flycatchers ( elminia ) , form a new family , fairy flycatchers ( stenostiridae ) . position the stenostiridae immediately following the swallows ( hirundinidae ) . reference : beresford , p . , f . k . barker , p . g . ryan , and t . m . crowe . 2005 . african endemics span the tree of songbirds passeri ) : molecular systematics of several evolutionary ‘enigmas’ . proceedings of the royal society b 272 : 849 - 858 .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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holger teichmann , markus lilje , frédéric pelsy , tomasz doroń , josep del hoyo .
sometimes thought to be a hybrid between c . atrogularis and c . mozambica . monotypic .
s malawi , ne & se zimbabwe , nw & s mozambique and ne south africa ( ne limpopo and n kwazulu - natal ) .
12 cm ; 9·6 - 12·7 g ( malawi ) . small finch with conical bill , bold face markings and bright yellow rump . male has centre of forehead to crown and upperparts to lower back grey . . .
song a brief , rapid and fairly tuneless series of short , slightly rising and falling twittering . . .
season dec–may , mainly jan–feb . monogamous . solitary ; territorial . displaying male , with head held high and wings slightly . . .
sedentary and partially nomadic ; in non - breeding season flocks move at random within range in . . .
not globally threatened . restricted range species : present in south - east african coast eba . local or uncommon , sometimes seasonally locally abundant ; most numerous in s . . .
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forms three well - defined subfamilies # r , including euphoniinae , previously placed in thraupidae . also includes drepanidini , sometimes treated as a separate family ( as in hbw ) , but here considered merely a tribe of carduelinae . extensive phylogenetic data available , and comparatively few species remain wholly unscreened ; nonetheless , study of internal relationships has been confounded by recurring plumage patterns and use of similar feeding niches by taxa that prove to be far from closely related .
apparently monophyletic clade comprising mostly afrotropical and arabian species traditionally placed in serinus , together with a few that were sometimes included in carduelis # r # r ; two species of s africa , previously placed in pseudochloroptila , also imported herein , as is c . concolor , transferred from monospecific neospiza , based on molecular evidence # r # r . one analysis using mtdna indicates that further subdivision might be warranted , by recognizing dendrospiza ( for , e . g . , c . capistrata , c . hyposticta and c . citrinelloides ) , ochrospiza ( c . citrinipectus , c . mozambica and c . dorsostriata ) and poliospiza ( c . striatipectus , c . reichardi and c . mennelli ) # r , but more complete taxon sampling does not support this at present .
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although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : crithagra citrinipectus . downloaded from urltoken on 07 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 07 / 07 / 2018 .
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ioc _ names _ file _ plus - 8 . 2g : 8 . 2
przevalski ' s finch , previously called pink - tailed rosefinch , is a relict member of an ancient separate lineage that is as old as , or older than other families of finches ; it belongs in its own monotypic family urocynchramidae , with a name change ( groth 2000 , päckert et al . 2016 )
classification of fringillidae revised for v3 . 3 ; see especially zuccon et al . 2012
europe ( except british isles , sardinia ) to c asia , w , n turkey , c and e caucasus and nw iran .
split gran canaria blue finch from [ tenerife ] blue chaffinch ( sangster et al . 2015 )
( zuccon et al . 2012 , cf kirwan & gregory 2005 , bli , hbw )
( tietze et al . 2013 , cf rasmussen & anderton 2005 , ioc 3 . 5 ) . restore english name to great rosefinch
has priority for species name . change english name to pink - rumped rosefinch ( hbw , clements , h & m 3 )
( wu et al . 2011 , tietze et al . 2013 ; cf collar 2004 )
hawaiian honeycreepers resequenced following pratt 2005 , lerner et al . 2011 ; see also nacc 2015 . needs review of oversplit genera .
island populations of the akepa are recognized as separate species ( nacc 2015 - b - 4c ) ; add island name ( hawaii ) to akepa .
based on lerner et al . ( 2011 ) phylogeny ; see also pratt 2005 .
, is preoccupied by a subspecies of greater akialoa . that conflict no longer exists with placement of kauai amakihi in
( arnaiz - villena et al . 1999 , nguembock et al . 2009 , zuccon et al . 2012 )
( tschusi , 1901 ) as a synonym . permanently invalid . dickinson & christidis , 2014 .
( arnaiz - villena et al . 1999 , nguembock et al . 2009 , zuccon et al . 2012 , nacc )
recognized by bou ( ottvall et al . 2002 , marthinsen et al . 2008 )
pending future analyses ( knox 2001 , ottvall et al . 2002 , marthinsen et al . 2008 , mason & taylor 2015 , bou , h & m4 , nacc 2017 - b - 7 )
se siberia , ne china , korea , sakhalin and kuril is . and japan
( weir and schluter 2004 , smith et al . 2005 ; nacc 2017 - c - 5 )
preliminary genetics suggest that megaplaga and leucoptera are sisters and that bifasciata should be split to avoid paraphyly ( parchman et al . 2007 ) . see also elmberg 1993 re song differences
taczanowski , 1879 as a synonym . permanently invalid . dickinson & christidis , 2014 .
( zuccon et al . 2012 , also arnaiz - villena et al . 1999 , nguembock et al . 2009 , ryan et al . 2004 )
sa : n colombia to trinidad and the guianas , south to n argentina , se brazil , e paraguay .
from thraupidae to a new monotypic family rhodinocichlidae , which follows calcariidae ( barker et al . 2013 , 2015 ; nacc 2017 - b - 6 ) . eng [ 8 . 1 ] = lower case ' tanager '
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this uncommon near - endemic was first made known to science in 1960 and so was one of the last birds to be described in southern africa .
the new leaf of lala palms forms without fully opening at the top , and it is in this deep ‘v’ that the birds choose to conceal their nests . this means that the nests are almost entirely hidden from view except through a narrow gap , when the palm frond is viewed from the front . by walking around the palms it is possible to search for nests from the ground and without having to climb up the extremely spiky fronds .
both adults construct the nest using various parts of the palm . the bulky base of the nest is built with shredded palm fibres and old flower petals bound with cobweb . the cup of the nest is neatly lined with long palm frond tendrils .
on the 27 th january 2007 we spent 8½ hrs looking for nests on the lala palms in bonamanzi game park ( hluhluwe , kwazulu - natal ) . most nests are constructed 4 - 5½ m above ground , but nest heights varied between 1 . 8 – 7m . of the 22 old nests we found ( 2006 / 7 season ) , only 8 ( 36 % ) had droppings on the rim of the nest showing evidence of chicks at some stage during the breeding attempt . only one active nest was found ( female incubating eggs ) , but after a violent storm that night the eggs were found lying on the ground below the nest the following morning . previous visits to this area during the summer months showed that the peak breeding season lies between november and january .
left : fibre used in construction of base of nest . right : old flower petals and cobweb also used to bulk up the base of the nest
left : nest with 3 eggs . right : an old nest removed from the center of a palm frond , showing the bulky nest base
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
this species is found in southern malawi , south - east zimbabwe , and southern mozambique to zululand and northern natal , south africa . it has also been recorded in zambia .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as local and uncommon within its limited range , although occasionally abundant ( clement 1999 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in overall decline owing to pressures on the palms with which it is strongly tied , plus trapping for the cagebird trade ( fry et al . 2004 ) . however populations are likely to have increased in some locations , such as the deforested shire valley in malawi since it is adaptable to a wide variety of grassland habitats ( f . dowsett - lemaire and r . dowsett in litt . 2005 ) .
at least 2 , 000 individuals are exported from the population in south mozambique annually ( parker 1999 ) . the ilala palms hyphaene natalensis , with which the species is associated , are commonly used in furniture manufacture , at least in zimbabwe ( fry and keith 2004 ) .
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a single bird chuntering away to a second close by . lots of typical calls ( e . g . 0 : 01 , 0 : 06 ) and some other more peculiar ' song ' . from the back garden ( hence the background noise ) .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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near - endemic to southern africa , occurring from southern malawi to patches of mozambique , extending into south - eastern botswana and north - eastern kwazulu - natal . its distribution is strongly linked to that of the lala palm ( hyphaene coriacea ) , which it is dependent on for nest sites and material ( not food ) , so it mainly occupies lala palm savanna and dry woodland , sometimes moving into low - lying mopane ( colosphermum mopane ) woodland , cultivated land and settlements in zimbabwe .
it mainly eats seeds , doing most of its foraging on the ground , sometimes taking food from grasses and other low vegetation .
its breeding habits are not well known , however it is thought to be a monogamous solitary nester .
the nest ( see images above ) is a cup with a bulky foundation , made of short plant fibres , especially from lala palms ( hyphaene coriacea ) but occasionally with dead creeper stems , finely shredded bark , leaves and dried flower petals as well . it is typically placed at the base of the ' v ' shape formed by a partly opened lala palm frond , anywhere from about 1 . 5 - 7 . 0 metres above ground .
it usually lays three eggs , which are incubated solely by the female for about 12 - 14 days ( recorded in captivity ) .
the chicks are mainly fed on a regurgitated seeds , leaving the nest after approximately 14 - 16 days .
not threatened internationally but near - threatened in south africa , largely due to harvesting of lala palms for palm wine and basket - weaving material . it is estimated that up to 2000 birds are exported annually from southern mozambique for the cage - bird trade , which could have a serious affect if continued .
hockey par , dean wrj and ryan pg 2005 . roberts - birds of southern africa , viith ed . the trustees of the john voelcker bird book fund , cape town .
despite our efforts to post a clean checklist and updates and corrections , a few errors crept in . please view the end of our 2009 updates and corrections for documentation on mistakes in spreadsheets 6 . 4 . we also have corrected some typographic and other errors in our updates and corrections pages , and have added some additional documentation of the changes in this year’s checklist revisions . finally , we revise our count of the number of families recognized in clements checklist , and we provide a new listing of the families currently recognized in clements checklist . our apologies for making these mistakes , and our thanks to diligent clements checklist users for catching and reporting our errors . –the clements checklist team , 23 december 2009 .
page 8 , short - winged grebe rollandia microptera in accord with sacc , change the english name to titicaca grebe .
page 9 , silvery grebe podiceps occipitalis each of the two subspecies of silvery grebe is identifiable in the field , and so each constitutes a separate group . to avoid confusion with the related ( and similar ) junin grebe podiceps taczanowskii , change the names of the two groups of silvery grebe to : –group podiceps occipitalis juninensis silvery grebe ( juninensis ) –group podiceps occipitalis occipitalis silvery grebe ( occipitalis )
page 9 , yellow - nosed albatross ( gray - headed ) thalassarche chlororhynchos chlororhynchos yellow - nosed albatross ( white - headed ) thalassarche chlororhynchos bassi there are two subspecies of the yellow - nosed albatross , each of which is distinctive and is treated in clements as a group . we are revising the english names of each group , however , as follows : — yellow - nosed albatross ( atlantic ) thalassarche chlororhynchos chlororhynchos — yellow - nosed albatross ( indian ) thalassarche chlororhynchos bassi
page 9 , black - browed albatross ( melanophris ) thalassarche melanophris melanophris black - browed albatross ( impavida ) thalassarche melanophris impavida there are two subspecies of the black - browed albatross , each of which is distinctive and is treated in clements as a group . we are revising the english names of each group , however , as follows : — black - browed albatross ( black - browed ) thalassarche melanophris melanophris — black - browed albatross ( campbell ) thalassarche melanophris impavida
page 10 , tahiti petrel pterodroma rostrata becki this very poorly known petrel recently was rediscovered in the waters adjacent to the bismarck archipelago , northeast of new guinea . it is elevated to species status as beck’s petrel pterodroma becki , and the range statement is revised to breeding sites unknown ( new ireland ? ) ; ranges to bismarck a . and solomon i . reference : shirihai , h . 2008 . rediscovery of beck’s petrel pseudobulweria becki , and other observations of tubenoses from the bismarck archipelago , papua new guinea . bulletin of the british ornithologists’ club 128 : 3 - 16 .
page 11 , defilippe’s petrel pterodroma defilippiana in accord with sacc , change the english name to masatierra petrel .
page 11 , fiji petrel pterodroma macgillivrayi this very poorly - known species recently was observed for the first time at sea . therefore , revise the range statement to breeds gau i . ( fiji ) . distribution at sea unknown . reference : shirihai , h . , t . pym , j . kretzschmar , k . moce , a . taukei , and d . watling . 2009 . first observations of fiji petrel pseudobulweria macgillivrayi at sea : off gau island , fiji , in may 2009 . bulletin of the british ornithologists’ club 129 : 129 - 148 .
page 11 , herald petrel ( trinidade ) pterodroma arminjoniana arminjoniana a typo in the english name for this group is corrected to herald petrel ( trindade ) .
page 11 , antarctic prion pachyptila desolata in accord with sacc , change the english name to dove prion .
page 12 , fulmar prion pachyptila crassirostris in accord with osnz , three subspecies ( not two ) are recognized for fulmar prion , and the name of one subspecies ( eatoni ) is changed . the new arrangement is as follows : — pachyptila crassirostris crassirostris breeds snares and bounty and chatham islands ( new zealand ) — pachyptila crassirostris pyramidalis breeds chatham islands ( new zealand ) — pachyptila crassirostris flemingi breeds heard and auckland islands ( new zealand )
page 13 , little shearwater ( elegans ) puffinus assimilis elegans revise the english name of this group ( distinctive subspecies ) to little shearwater ( subantarctic ) puffinus assimilis elegans also , a recent review ( austin et al . 2004 ) of the systematics of the smaller black and white shearwaters ( audubon’s and little shearwaters ) results in several important revisions . one finding is that the subspecies myrtae is more closely related to the townsend’s shearwater puffinus auricularis than it is to other subspecies of little shearwater . therefore we transfer myrtae to townsend’s shearwater , and also treat it as a group : — townsend’s shearwater ( myrtae ) puffinus auricularis myrtae
another unexpected result of this research is that the two north atlantic subspecies , baroli and boydi , which are each other’s closest relatives , are both more closely related to the audubon’s shearwater puffinus lherminieri than they are to other subspecies of little shearwater . there are several ways of classifying baroli and boydi in light of these results . the approach that we take is based on the recognition that baroli and boydi both need to be removed from little shearwater ; but also that these two taxa differ significantly from one another in appearance ( “significantly different” in terms of small black and white shearwaters , at least – all of which superficially are similar to one another ! ) and also differ subtly in voice on the breeding grounds . therefore we recognize both taxa as species , to be placed immediately before audubon’s shearwater : — barolo shearwater puffinus baroli — boyd’s shearwater puffinus boydi
some other taxonomic revisions may remain within this complex ( for example , subspecies newelli may merit species status ) , so stay tuned to future updates . references : austin , j . j . , v . bretagnolle , and e . pasquet . 2004 . a global molecular phylogeny of the small puffinus hearwaters and implications for systematic of the little - audubon’s shearwater complex . auk 121 : 847 - 864 . robb , m . , k . mullarney , and the sound approach . 2008 . petrels night and day . the sound approach . dorset , united kingdom .
page 13 , audubon’s shearwater puffinus lherminieri as noted above , a recent review of the systematics of the smaller black and white shearwaters ( audubon’s and little shearwaters ) results in several revisions . one of these changes , the synonymy of mascarene shearwater puffinus atrodorsalis with puffinus lherminieri bailloni , was announced in our october 2007 updates and corrections , but we then failed ( ! ) to implement this change in our own spreadsheet ; now , consider the job done .
as with the case of the little shearwater , several additional revisions are warranted . the subspecies temptator , previously considered as part of the audubon’s shearwater ( dichrous ) group , has been shown to be more closely related to the persian shearwater puffinus persicus . therefore , temptator is moved to persian shearwater and treated as a subspecies , puffinus persicus temptator .
more importantly , a group of pacific and indian ocean subspecies is shown to be distinct from audubon’s shearwaters of the atlantic ocean . therefore , we elevate these populations to the rank of species as the tropical shearwater puffinus bailloni , including the subspecies bailloni , dichrous , nicolae , gunax , and bannermani . within the tropical shearwater , we further recognize three groups : –tropical shearwater ( bailloni ) puffinus bailloni bailloni –tropical shearwater ( dichrous ) puffinus bailloni [ dichrous group ] , including the subspecies dichrous , nicolae , and gunax –tropical shearwater ( bannerman’s ) puffinus bailloni bannermani reference : austin , j . j . , v . bretagnolle , and e . pasquet . 2004 . a global molecular phylogeny of the small puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematic of the little - audubon’s shearwater complex . auk 121 : 847 - 864 .
page 13 , white - vented storm - petrel oceanites gracilis in accord with sacc , change the english name to elliot’s storm - petrel .
page 16 , australian gannet morus serrator in accord with sacc and osnz , change the english name to australasian gannet .
page 17 , rock shag phalacrocorax magellanicus in accord with sacc , change the english name to magellan cormorant .
page 17 , imperial cormorant phalacrocorax atriceps in the last clements checklist updates ( clements 6 . 3 . 2 , december 2008 ) , each of the two subspecies also was treated as a “group . ” in fact , much of the variation within the species is based on color morphs that have extensive geographic overlap , and it is possible that one of the two subspecies is not even valid ( see rasmussen , 1991 , relationships between coastal south american king and blue - eyed shags , condor 93 : 825 - 839 . for the present time , at least , clements checklist will continue to recognize two subspecies ( atriceps and albiventer ) , but these will not be designated as groups .
page 20 , intermediate egret egretta intermedia in accord with nacc , this species is removed from egretta and is placed in the monotypic genus mesophoyx : mesophoyx intermedia .
page 26 , andean flamingo phoenicopterus andinus in accord with sacc , change the scientific name to phoenicoparrus andinus .
page 26 , puna flamingo phoenicopterus jamesi in accord with sacc , change the english name to james’s flamingo and the scientific name to phoenicoparrus jamesi .
pages 27 - 28 , canada goose branta canadensis two similar subspecies of large canada goose , each formerly granted their own subspecies group , are merged into a single group due to high levels of introgression and the difficulty of distinguishing the two subspecies in the field . thus , remove the groups canada goose ( large ) and canada goose ( giant ) , and treat each as a subspecies under a single group : –group branta canadensis moffitti / maxima canada goose ( moffitti / maxima ) –subspecies branta canadensis moffitti –subspecies branta canadensis maxima
in addition , the english names of two other groups of canada goose are revised : change the english name of the group canada goose ( dusky ) to canada goose ( occidentalis / fulva ) change the english name of the group canada goose ( medium ) to canada goose ( canadensis / interior ) .
page 28 , upland goose chloephaga picta variation in this species is complex , and has led to differing taxonomic treatments over the years . in the last clements checklist updates ( clements 6 . 3 . 2 , december 2008 ) , each of the two subspecies ( picta and leucoptera ) also was treated as a “group . ” this is not the best way to represent geographic variation in the upland goose , which involves not only the two subspecies but also two color morphs ( in the adult male ) . therefore , clements continues to recognize the two subspecies , but the subspecies will not be designated as groups .
page 29 , blue duck hymenolaimus malacorhynchos in accord with osnz , this species currently is regarded as monotypic ; therefore , delete the subspecies malacorhynchos and hymenolaimus . revise the range statement for blue duck to “mountain streams of new zealand ( w south i . , central north i . ) . ”
page 30 , mallard anas platyrhynchos beginning with the 5th edition of clements checklist , there has been an entry for an extinct subspecies , oustaletti , formerly found on the marianas islands . this entry is incorrect , in two different ways . the correct spelling of the name of the subspecies is oustaleti ( with only a single ‘t’ in ‘ - leti’ ) . more importantly , this population probably was not a valid subspecies , but instead was a variable hybrid swarm between mallard and gray duck ( anas superciliosa ) ( see y . ysamashina , 1948 , notes on the marianas mallard . pacific science 2 : 121 - 124 ) . therefore , this subspecies no longer is recognized , and is deleted from the clements checklist .
page 30 , speckled teal anas flavirostris in accord with sacc , this species is split into two species : andean teal anas andium ( with subspecies altipetens and andium ) and yellow - billed teal anas flavirostris ( with subspecies flavirostris and oxyptera ) .
page 31 , spectacled duck anas specularis in accord with sacc , this species is placed in the monotypic genus speculanas : spectacled duck speculanas specularis . the position of spectacled duck also moves , to a position immediately following crested duck lophonetta specularioides .
page 32 , ferruginous pochard aythya nyroca in accord with nacc and with bourc , change the english name of this species to ferruginous duck .
page 33 , masked duck nomonyx dominica formerly often placed in the genus oxyura ; when placed in the genus nomonyx , the spelling of the species name changes to dominicus : nomonyx dominicus .
page 39 , western marsh - harrier circus aeruginosus to reflect the name for this species adopted by the bourc , change the english name of this species to eurasian marsh - harrier .
page 40 , gray - bellied goshawk accipiter poliogaster in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to gray - bellied hawk .
page 44 , rufous crab - hawk buteogallus aequinoctialis in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to rufous crab hawk .
page 46 , eurasian buzzard buteo buteo in accord with bourc , change the english name to common buzzard .
page 48 , rufous - bellied eagle aquila kienerii this species is not a member of the genus aquila ; it should be placed in the monotypic genus lophotriorchis ( haring , e . et al . , 2007 . convergent evolution and paraphyly of the hawk - eagles of the genus spizaetus [ aves , accipitridae ] – phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial markers . journal of zoological systematics and evolutionary research 45 : 353 - 365 ) . rufous - bellied eagle lophotriochis kienerii should follow the genus hieraaetus .
page 48 , cassin’s hawk - eagle spizaetus africanus this species belongs in the eagle genus aquila , not in any genus of hawk - eagles ( helbig et al . 2005 . a multi - gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles [ aves : accipitriformes ] reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 35 : 147 - 164 ; haring , e . et al . , 2007 . convergent evolution and paraphyly of the hawk - eagles of the genus spizaetus [ aves , accipitridae ] – phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial markers . journal of zoological systematics and evolutionary research 45 : 353 - 365 ) . place cassin’s hawk - eagle aquila africana immediately before verreaux’s eagle aquila verreauxii .
page 51 , american kestrel falco sparverius correct the spelling of the endemic cuban subspecies to sparveroides .
pages 54 - 57 , family cracidae ( guans , chachalacas , and currasows ) correct the spelling of currasows to curassows . ( this was correct in the printed sixth edition ; the error was introduced in last years updates , in spreadsheet 6 . 3 . 2 . )
page 55 , little chachalaca ortalis motmot in accord with sacc , change the english name to variable chachalaca .
page 57 , blue - knobbed curassow crax alberti in accord with sacc , change the english name to blue - billed curassow .
note added 23 december 2009 : page 74 , guineafowl ( family numididae ) the guineafowl tradionally were recognized as a separate family , numididae , and were so treated up through the sixth edition . in last year’s updates and corrections , the guineafowl were lumped into the pheasants , grouse , and allies ( phasianidae ) , following nacc . now , nacc has restored the guineafowl to family status , and so clements checklist follows suit . position the numididae immediately following the guans , chachalacas , and curassows ( cracidae ) .
note added 23 december 2009 : pages 60 - 63 , new world quail ( family odontophoridae ) in accord with nacc , revise the position of the new world quail ; the odontophoridae now precede the pheasants , grouse , and allies ( phasianidae ) , rather than following the phasianidae .
pages 75 - 76 , buttonquails turnicidae the buttonquails ( turnicidae ) long have been classified in the gruiformes , although sometimes these peculiar birds have been placed in their own order , turniciformes . recent research indicates instead that the buttonquails are members of the order charadriiformes . position the turnicidae immediately following the sandpipers and allies ( scolopacidae ) . reference : baker , a . j . , s . l . pereira , and t . a . paton . 2007 . phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of charadriiformes genera : multigene evidence for the cretaceous origin of at least 14 clades of shorebirds . biology letters 3 : 205 - 210 .
page 86 , kagu rhynochetos jubatus ( rhynchotidae ) correct the spelling of the family name to rhynochetidae . ( the name was spelled correctly in the sixth edition ; the error was introduced in last year’s spreadsheet . )
page 93 , eurasian golden - plover pluvialis apricaria in accord with nacc , change the english name to european golden - plover ; bourc uses a similar name , european golden plover .
page 94 , lesser sandplover charadrius mongolus in accord with nacc , change the english name to lesser sand - plover .
page 95 , greater sandplover charadrius leschenaultia in accord with nacc , change the english name to greater sand - plover .
page 95 , diademed plover phegornis mitchelli in accord with sacc , change the english name ( back ! ) to diademed sandpiper - plover .
page 96 , new zealand snipes coenocorypha species in accord with osnz , two new species are added to clements checklist , and the subspecies of subantarctic snipe are split into separate species . newly added species : — north island snipe coenocorypha barrierensis extinct ; formerly n . island , new zealand — forbes’s snipe coenocorypha chathamica extinct ; formerly chatham islands . in addition , subantarctic snipe coenocorypha aucklandica is split into the following species : — south island snipe coenocorypha iredalei — snares island snipe coenocorypha huegeli — subantarctic snipe coenocorypha aucklandica ( with subspecies meinertzhagena e ) .
page 96 , pintail snipe gallinago stenura change the english name of this species to pin - tailed snipe .
page 100 , chionididae ( sheathbills ) in accord with sacc , change the family name to chionidae .
page 103 , blue noddy procelsterna cerulea in accord with sacc and osnz , change the english name of this species to blue - gray noddy .
page 112 , eurasian turtle - dove streptopelia turtur in accord with nacc , change the english name to european turtle - dove ; bourc uses a similar name , european turtle dove .
page 117 , pacific dove zenaida meloda in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to west peruvian dove .
page 118 , white - faced dove leptotila megalura in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to large - tailed dove .
page 129 , new zealand pigeon hemiphaga novaeseelandiae in accord with osnz , each of the three subspecies ( one of which is extinct ) is elevated to species rank . the three newly recognized species are : — new zealand pigeon hemiphaga novaeseelandiae — chatham island pigeon hemiphaga chathamensis — norfolk island pigeon hemiphaga spadicea extinct
page 134 , genera nestor and strigops ( psittacidae ) these parrots , the kea , the kakas , and the kakapo , traditionally have been classified in the large , widely distributed family of parrots , parakeets , and macaws ( psittacidae ) . recent research demonstrates that these species two genera form a new family , new zealand parrots ( strigopidae ) . position the strigopidae immediately before the cockatoos ( cacatuidae ) . reference : wright , t . f . , e . e . schirtzinger , t . matsumoto , j . r . eberhard , g . r . graves , j . j . sanchez , s . capelli , h . müller , j . scharpegge , g . k . chambers , and r . c . fleischer . 2008 . a multilocus molecular phylogeny of the parrots ( psittaciformes ) : support for a gondwanan origin during the cretaceous . molecular biology and evolution 25 : 2141–2156 .
page 140 , camiguin hanging parrot loriculus camiguinensis correct the english name of this species to camiguin hanging - parrot . correct the range statement to camiguin ( philippines ) .
page 142 , lear’s macaw anodorhynchus leari in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to indigo macaw .
page 143 , golden - collared macaw primolius auricollis in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to yellow - collared macaw .
page 144 , burrowing parrot cyanoliseus patagonus in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to burrowing parakeet .
page 144 , caatinga parakeet aratinga cactorum in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to cactus parakeet .
page 145 , santarem parakeet ( madeira ) pyrrhura amazonum snethlage correct the spelling of the subspecies name to snethlageae .
page 148 , rose - faced parrot pionopsitta pulchra , orange - cheeked parrot pionopsitta barrabandi , brown - hooded parrot pionopsitta pyrilia , caica parrot pionopsitta caica , vulturine parrot pionopsitta vulturina , and bald parrot pionopsitta aurantiocephala in the 2008 revisions to clements checklist ( clements checklist 6 . 3 . 2 ) , all of these species were transferred to the genus pyrilia ; the genus pionopsitta is restricted to the pileated parrot pionopsitta pileata . although this change was implemented in the checklist , it was not documented on the 2008 updates and corrections pages . this change is in accord with sacc .
page 149 , cuban parrot ( cuba ) amazona leucocephala leucocephala change the english name of this group to cuban parrot ( cuban ) .
page 159 , cocos island cuckoo coccyzus ferrugineus in accord with nacc , change the english name of this species to cocos cuckoo .
page 161 , ashy - faced owl tyto glaucops nacc ( and most authorities ) consider the ashy - faced owl to be monotypic . therefore , transfer the subspecies insularis and nigrescens to barn owl tyto alba .
page 165 , west peruvian screech - owl megascops roboratus in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to peruvian screech - owl .
page 166 , variable screech - owl megascops atricapilla in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to black - capped screech - owl .
page 166 , hoy’s screech - owl megascops hoyi in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to montane forest screech - owl .
page 175 , northern long - eared owl asio otus in accord with nacc and bourc , change the english name of this species to long - eared owl .
page 179 , bahia nighthawk nyctiprogne vielliardi in accord with sacc , change the english name of this species to bahian nighthawk .
page 179 , pauraque nyctidromus albicollis in accord with nacc and sacc , change the english name of this species to common pauraque .
page 179 , least poorwill siphonorhis brewsteri in accord with nacc , change the english name of this species to least pauraque .
page 186 , australian swiftlet aerodramus terraereginae terraereginae delete the “ ) ” in the range statement for this subspecies ; the correct entry is : coastal n queensland , dunk , hinchinbrook and family is .
page 189 , vaux’s swift chaetura vauxi aphanes in last year’s updates and corrections , we advised users to delete the species ashy - tailed swift chaetura andrei . we failed to remove ashy - tailed swift from our own spreadsheet version of clements checklist , however ( ! ) ; that error now is corrected . last year we also advised that chaetura andrei andrei was a synonym of chaetura vauxi aphanes . that is true , but andrei is the senior synonym and aphanes is the junior synonym . therefore , change chaetura vauxi aphanes to chaetura vauxi andrei .
page 190 , alpine swift tachymarptis melba and mottled swift tachymarptis aequatorialis in accord with bourc and nacc , remove both species from tachymarptis and place them in the genus apus ; as a result , tachymarptis no longer is recognized as a genus . place alpine swift and mottled swift at the beginning of the genus apus , between schouteden’s swift schoutedenapus schoutedeni and alexander’s swift apus alexandri .
[ note added 23 december 2009 : we went to some trouble to sort out the new sequence of hummingbird genera , and to document these changes ; but then we forgot to implement them in clements checklist 6 . 4 . therefore , these changes do not go into effect yet . we will implement the new sequence of hummingbird genera in a future clements checklist release . ]
page 192 , long - billed hermit phaethornis longirostris previously the six subspecies of long - billed hermit were grouped into just two groups . the long - billed hermit ( central american ) contained four subspecies , and the other two subspecies were included in the long - billed hermit ( mexican ) group . we revise this treatment , and now recognize four groups . one subspecies ( baroni ) is removed from the central american group and is the sole member of the long - billed hermit ( baron’s ) group . similarly , the long - billed hermit ( mexican ) group is broken into two separate groups , as follows : — long - billed hermit ( jalisco ) phaethornis longirostris griseoventer — long - billed hermit ( mexican ) phaethornis longirostris mexicanus
page 195 , black jacobin florisuga fuscus in accord with sacc , change the spelling of the species name to fusca : florisuga fusca .
page 199 , gilded sapphire hylocharis chrysura in accord with sacc , change the name of this species to gilded hummingbird .
page 203 , white - throated mountain - gem lampornis castaneoventris subspecies homogenes does not belong with this species ; it should be listed under purple - throated mountain - gem lampornis calolaemus . the white - throated mountain - gem contains two groups : — white - throated mountain - gem ( blue - tailed ) , for subspecies castaneoventris ; and — white - throated mountain - gem ( gray - tailed ) , for subspecies cinereicauda .


coelognathus flavolineatus , the black copper rat snake or yellow striped snake , is a species of colubrid snake found in southeast asia .

this species was previously recognized in the genus elaphe .

coelognathus flavolineatus

zool . black copper rat snake [ coelognathus flavolineatus , syn . : elaphe flavolineata ]
zool . yellow - striped ( trinket ) snake [ coelognathus flavolineatus , syn . : elaphe flavolineata ]
this is a nonvenomous snake . in contrary to the alike looking copperheaded racer ( coelognathus radiatus ) coelognathus flavolineatus doesn’t tend to bite , even if it picked up by hand .
zool . copperhead rat snake [ coelognathus radiatus , syn . : elaphe radiata ]
zool . reddish rat snake [ coelognathus erythrurus , syn . : elaphe erythrura ]
zool . sunda rat snake [ coelognathus subradiatus . syn . : elaphe subradiata ]
zool . copper - head trinket snake [ coelognathus radiatus , syn . : elaphe radiata ]
zool . copper - headed trinket snake [ coelognathus radiatus , syn . : elaphe radiata ]
zool . radiated ratsnake / rat snake [ coelognathus radiatus , syn . : elaphe radiata ]
correction – i haven’t looked at this for ages… it looks more like a melanistic coelognathus radiata than it does the c flavolineatus . i’ll have to find a good photo of that one and put it up here !
zool . copper - headed racer [ coelognathus radiatus , syn . : elaphe radiata ] [ snake ]
coluber flavolineata reinwardt 1826 ( nomen nudum ) coluber flavolineatus schlegel 1837 : 14 elaphe flavolineata — stejneger 1922 coluber melanurus schlegel 1837 ( nec coluber melanurus shaw 1802 , now calliophis melanurus ) ( nomen praeoccupandum ) compsosoma melanurum — duméril , bibron & duméril 1854 : 299 compsosoma melanurus — bleeker 1857 spilotes melanurus — günther 1858 elaphis melanurus — jan 1863 composoma [ sic ] melanurum — günther 1864 ( fide manthey 1983 ) compsosoma melanurum — stoliczka 1870 : 188 compsosoma melanurum — günther 1873 : 169 compsosoma melanurum — fischer 1885 : 101 coluber melanurus — hubrecht 1887 elaphis melanura — hagen 1890 coluber melanurus — boulenger 1894 : 60 coluber melanurus var . timoriensis ferreira 1897 ( fide kaiser , pers . comm . ) elaphe melanura — barbour 1912 elaphe melanurus — barbour 1912 ( fide manthey 1983 ) coluber melanurus — lidth de jeude 1922 : 244 elaphe flavolineata — smith 1943 elaphe flavolineata — grandison 1972 : 84 elaphe flavolineata — schulz 1996 elaphe flavolineata — manthey & grossmann 1997 : 342 elaphe flavolineata — cox et al . 1998 : 51 coelognathus flavolineatus — helfenberger 2001 coelognathus flavolineatus — hien et al . 2001 coelognathus flavolineatus — utiger et al . 2002 elaphe flavolineata — de lang & vogel 2005 orthriophis flavolineata — auliya 2006 coelognathus flavolineatus — das 2006 coelognathus flavolineatus — wallach et al . 2014 : 171
this malayan racer ( coloegnathus flavolineatus ) photo was sent in by camille lemmens from the urltoken dive shop in koh samui , in suratthani province .
{ author1 , author2 . . . } , ( n . d . ) . coelognathus flavolineatus ( schlegel , 1837 ) . [ online ] india biodiversity portal , species page : { name of species field } available at : urltoken [ accessed date jul 7 , 2018 ] .
similar to e . erythrura . synonyms after david & vogel 1996 . has been reported from the nicobar islands but is not listed by das 1999 for the nicobar islands . the report from pulau tioman remains unconfirmed ( fide hien et al . 2001 ) . coluber melanurus var . timoriensis ferreira 1897 could be coelognathus subradiata or c . flavolineatus . unfortunately the specimens used by ferreira are not available anymore , so the question will remain unsolved ( h . kaiser , pers . comm . ) .
over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .
the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .
overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .
34 new species in this release ( or 142 new species this year so far ) with a few that did not make our deadline for this release .
a total of 10 , 499 species , including 80 new and changed names in this release alone ( see our checklist for details ) .
662 papers added to this release , or 1 , 595 references published this year , bringing our bibliography to a total of 40 , 550 references .
the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .
currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .
the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .
the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
auliya , m . 2006 . taxonomy , life history , and conservation of giant reptiles in west kalimantan . natur und tier verlag , münster , 432 pp . - get paper here
boulenger , george a . 1894 . catalogue of the snakes in the british museum ( natural history ) . volume ii . , containing the conclusion of the colubridæ aglyphæ . british mus . ( nat . hist . ) , london , xi , 382 pp . - get paper here
chan - ard , t . , parr , j . w . k . & nabhitabhata , j . 2015 . a field guide to the reptiles of thailand . oxford university press , ny , 352 pp . [ see book reviews by pauwels & grismer 2015 and hikida 2015 for corrections ] - get paper here
chan - ard , t . ; grossmann , w . ; gumprecht , a . & schulz , k . d . 1999 . amphibians and reptiles of peninsular malaysia and thailand - an illustrated checklist [ bilingual english and german ] . bushmaster publications , würselen , gemany , 240 pp . [ book review in russ . j herp . 7 : 87 ] - get paper here
cox , merel j . ; van dijk , peter paul ; jarujin nabhitabhata & thirakhupt , kumthorn 1998 . a photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of peninsular malaysia , singapore and thailand . ralph curtis publishing , 144 pp .
das , i . 1999 . biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of the andaman and nicobar islands , india . in : ota , h . ( ed ) tropical island herpetofauna . . . , elsevier , pp . 43 - 77 - get paper here
das , i . 2012 . a naturalist ' s guide to the snakes of south - east asia : malaysia , singapore , thailand , myanmar , borneo , sumatra , java and bali . oxford j , ohn beaufoy publishing - get paper here
das , indraneil 2006 . crocker range national park , sabah , as a refuge for borneo ' s montane herpetofauna . amphibian & reptile conservation 4 ( 1 ) : 3 - 11 - get paper here
dowling , h . g . , & jenner , j . v . 1988 . snakes of burma : checklist of reported species and bibliography . smithsonian herp . inf . serv . ( 76 ) : 19 pp . - get paper here
ferreira , j . bethencourt 1897 . sobre alguns reptis ultimamente enviados á secção zoologica do museu de lisboa . jornal de sciencias mathematicas , physicas e naturaes , lisboa 5 ( 18 ) : 111 - 116
ferreira , j . bethencourt 1898 . reptis de timor no museu de lisboa . jorn . sci . math . phys . nat . ( 2 ) 5 ( 19 ) : 151 - 156
fischer , j . g . 1885 . ichthyologische und herpetologische bemerkungen . v . herpetologische bemerkungen . jahrb . hamburg . wiss . anst . 2 : 82 - 121 - get paper here
geissler , peter , truong quang nguyen , nikolay a . poyarkov & wolfgang böhme 2011 . new records of snakes from cat tien national park , dong nai and lam dong provinces , southern vietnam . bonn zoological bulletin 60 ( 1 ) : 9 - 16 - get paper here
grandison , a . g . c . 1972 . the gunong benom expedition 1967 . 5 . reptiles and amphibians of gunong benom with a description of a new species of macrocalamus . bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( zool . ) , london , 23 : 45 - 101 .
grismer , l . l . 2011 . amphibians and reptiles of the seribuat archipelago . edition chimaira , frankfurt , 239 pp .
grismer , l . l . , neang , t . , chav , t . & grismer , j . l . 2008 . checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the cardamom region of southwestern cambodia . cambodian journal of natural history 2008 ( 1 ) : 12–28 - get paper here
grossmann , wolfgang and frank tillack . 1998 . bemerkungen zur verbreitung von elaphe flavolineata ( schlegel , 1837 ) . sauria 20 ( 3 ) : 43 - 45 - get paper here
grossmann , w . & tillack , f . 2001 . bemerkungen zur herpetofauna des khao lak , phang nga , thailändische halbinsel . teil ii : reptilia : serpentes ; testudines ; diskussion . sauria 23 ( 1 ) : 25 - 40 - get paper here
gumprecht , a . 1996 . elaphe flavolineata ( schlegel , 1837 ) . sauria 18 suppl . : 373–376 - get paper here
günther , a . 1873 . notes on some reptiles and batrachians obtained by dr . bernhard meyer in celebes and the philippine islands . proc . zool . soc . london 1873 : 165 - 172 - get paper here
helfenberger , notker 2001 . phylogenetic relationship of old world ratsnakes based on visceral organ topography , osteology , and allozyme variation . russ . j . herpetol . ( suppl . ) : 1 - 56 - get paper here
hien , p . grossmann , w . & schäfer , c . 2001 . beitrag zur kenntnis der landbewohnenden reptilienfauna von pulau tioman , west - malaysia . sauria 23 ( 4 ) : 11 - 28 - get paper here
janiawati , ida ayu ari ; mirza dikari kusrini , ani mardiastuti 2016 . structure and composition of reptile communities in human modified landscape in gianyar regency , bali . hayati journal of biosciences , doi : 10 . 1016 / j . hjb . 2016 . 06 . 006 - get paper here
jestrzemski , daniel ; stefan schütz , truong quang nguyen , thomas ziegler 2013 . a survey of amphibians and reptiles in chu mom ray national park , vietnam , with implications for herpetofaunal conservation . asian journal of conservation biology , 2 ( 2 ) : 88–110 - get paper here
karns , d . r . ; murphy , j . c . ; voris , h . k . & suddeth , j . s . 2005 . comparison of semi - aquatic snake communities associated with the khorat basin , thailand . the natural history journal of chulalongkorn university 5 ( 2 ) : 73 - 90
knox , andrew and kate jackson 2010 . ecological and phylogenetic influences on maxillary dentition in snakes . phyllomedusa 9 ( 2 ) : 121 - 131 - get paper here
koch , a . 2012 . discovery , diversity , and distribution of the amphibians and reptiles of sulawesi and its offshore islands . edition chimaira , 374 pp . [ isbn 978 - 3 - 89973 - 432 - 4 ] - get paper here
kopstein , f . 1938 . ein beitrag zur eierkunde und zur fortpflanzung der malaiischen reptilien . bull . raffles mus . no 14 : 81 - 167
lang , r . de & g . vogel 2005 . the snakes of sulawesi . a field guide to the land snakes of sulawesi with identification keys . frankfurter beiträge zur naturkunde , 25 , edition chimaira , frankfurt am main , 312 pp .
lidth de jeude , t . w . van 1922 . snakes from sumatra . zoologische mededelingen 6 : 239 - 253 . - get paper here
lim , k . k . p . & ng , h . h . 1999 . the terrestrial herpetofauna of pulau tioman , peninsular malaysia . raffles bull . zool . , suppl . no . 6 : 131 - 155 - get paper here
malkmus , r . ; manthey , u . ; vogel , g . hoffmann , p . & kosuch , j . 2002 . amphibians and reptiles of mount kinabalu ( north borneo ) . a . r . g . ganther verlag , rugell , 404 pp .
manthey , u . & grossmann , w . 1997 . amphibien & reptilien südostasiens . natur und tier verlag ( münster ) , 512 pp . - get paper here
manthey , u . 1983 . exkursion am mt . kinabalu ( 4101 m ) , nordborneo , teil 3 : checkliste der herpetofauna oberhalb 600 m ü . nn . herpetofauna 5 ( 23 ) : 20 - 31 - get paper here
onn , chan kin ; j . van rooijen , l . lee grismer , daicus belabut , , mohd . abdul muin md . akil , hamidi jamaludin , rick gregory , and norhayati ahmad 2010 . first report on the herpetofauna of pulau pangkor , perak , malaysia . russ . j . herpetol . 17 ( 2 ) : 139 – 146 - get paper here
sang , nguyen van ; ho thu cuc , nguyen , quang truong 2009 . herpetofauna of vietnam . chimaira , frankfurt , 768 pp .
schlegel , h . 1837 . essai sur la physionomie des serpens . partie descriptive . la haye ( j . kips , j . hz . et w . p . van stockum ) , 606 s . + xvi - get paper here
schulz , k . d . 1996 . eine monographie der schlangengattung elaphe fitzinger . bushmaster , berg ( ch ) : 1 - 460
schulz , k . - d . 1987 . die hinterasiatischen kletternattern der gattung elaphe , teil 10 elaphe flavolineata ( schlegel , 1837 ) . sauria 9 ( 3 ) : 21 - 23 - get paper here
schulz , klaus - dieter 1996 . a monograph of the colubrid snakes of the genus elaphe fitzinger . koeltz scientific books , 439 pp .
smith , m . a . 1943 . the fauna of british india , ceylon and burma , including the whole of the indo - chinese sub - region . reptilia and amphibia . 3 ( serpentes ) . taylor and francis , london . 583 pp .
stoliczka , f . 1870 . observations on some indian and malayan amphibia and reptilia . j . asiat . soc . bengal 39 : 134 - 228 . - get paper here
taylor , e . h . 1965 . the serpents of thailand and adjacent waters . univ . kansas sci . bull . 45 ( 9 ) : 609 - 1096 - get paper here
teo , r . c . h . & rajathurai , s . 1997 . mammals , reptiles and amphibians in the nature reserves of singapore - diversity , abundance and distribution . proc . nature reserves survey seminar . gardens’ bulletin singapore 49 : 353 - 425
teynié , alexandre ; patrick david , & annemarie ohler 2010 . note on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from western sumatra ( indonesia ) , with the description of a new species of the genus bufo . zootaxa 2416 : 1–43 - get paper here
utiger , urs , notker helfenberger , beat schätti , catherine schmidt , markus ruf and vincent ziswiler 2002 . molecular systematics and phylogeny of old world and new world ratsnakes , elaphe auct . , and related genera ( reptilia , squamata , colubridae ) . russ . j . herpetol . 9 ( 2 ) : 105 - 124 . - get paper here
voris , h . k . 2006 . assessment of biodiversity among southeast asian amphibians and reptiles . the natural history journal of chulalongkorn university 6 ( 1 ) : 1 - 10 - get paper here
wallach , van ; kenneth l . williams , jeff boundy 2014 . snakes of the world : a catalogue of living and extinct species . taylor and francis , crc press , 1237 pp .
whitaker , romulus < br / > and ashok captain 2004 . snakes of india . draco books , 500 pp . , reprinted 2007 - get paper here
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this is a common species that faces no major threats , and occurs in a variety of human - modified habitats . it is therefore listed as least concern .
brunei darussalam ; cambodia ; india ( andaman is . ) ; indonesia ( jawa , kalimantan , sumatera ) ; malaysia ; myanmar ; singapore ; thailand ; viet nam
this species is common and abundant in sumatra ( david and vogel 1996 ) . it is rare in the northeastern part of its range ( cambodia and viet nam ) .
this species occurs in forest clearings and edges , savannas , scrub , grasslands , cultivated areas , rice fields , and suburban areas from sea level to 900 m elevation ( david and vogel 1996 ) . it is often found near human habitation ( david and vogel 1996 ) .
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big , harmless snakes – malayan racer – photo by camille lemmens , koh samui , idc thailand dive shop .
malayan racers are similar to the copperheaded racer snakes in thailand , but they are darker and they don’t have the nasty attitude . they don’t often strike , and they can be hand - held usually without any problems . if one knows how to handhold a snake .
best way to hand hold a snake ? put your hand or arm under it’s mid body and lift up . it thinks you are a tree .
the wrong way to hand - hold a snake is to grab it’s tail or mid body clenched between your fingers – it will take that as aggression and may strike .
please don’t generalize this to all snakes… some snakes should never be held – vipers , naja kaouthia and others… but , some can be safely held .
malayan racers exhibit a flaring of their neck and first 1 / 3rd of their body – even half their bodies , in a vertical flare . if we think of a cobra flare as horizontal , you can then picture the flaring of the malayan racer . other snakes known to flare like this ?
copperheaded racers , red - tailed racers , oriental whip snake… are all that i can remember at the moment . i am sure there are more .
if you see a malayan racer in the wild – just leave it alone . they can get big – 2 + meters – and give a wicked bite if they want to . they eat large numbers of rats – so , they’re a good snake to have around .
click here . free ebook - photos of common thailand snakes . free pdf .
un sapo hace un último intento por liberarse de la serpiente . su vida está de por medio .
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zool . striped aesculapian rat snake [ zamenis lineatus , syn . : coluber romanus , elaphe lineata ]
zool . eastern four - lined snake [ elaphe sauromates , syn . : elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates ]
zool . blotched snake [ elaphe sauromates , syn . : elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates ]
zool . arboreal rat snake [ gonyosoma oxycephalum , syn . : elaphe oxycephala ]
zool . redtail rat snake [ gonyosoma oxycephalum , syn . : elaphe oxycephala ]
zool . persian rat snake [ zamenis persicus , syn . : elaphe persica ]
zool . black - banded trinket snake [ oreocryptophis porphyracea , syn . : oreocryptophis porphyraceus coxi ]
zool . red - tailed green ratsnake / rat snake [ gonyosoma oxycephalum , syn . : elaphe oxycephala ]
zool . mexican night snake [ pseudelaphe flavirufa , syn . : elaphe flavirufa ]
zool . transcaucasian rat snake [ zamenis hohenackeri , syn . : elaphe hohenackeri ]
zool . baird ' s pilot snake [ pantherophis bairdi , syn . : elaphe bairdi ]
zool . baird ' s rat snake [ pantherophis bairdi , syn . : elaphe bairdi ]
zool . aesculapian / aesculapean snake [ zamenis longissimus , syn . : coluber aesculapii , elaphe longissima , natrix longissima ]
zool . aesculapian ratsnake / rat snake [ zamenis longissimus , syn . : coluber aesculapii , elaphe longissima , natrix longissima ]
zool . eastern four - lined ratsnake [ elaphe sauromates , syn . : elaphe quatuorlineata sauromates ] [ also : eastern four - lined rat snake ]
zool . striped whipsnake / whip snake [ coluber taeniatus , syn . : masticophis taeniatus ]
zool . striped cat snake [ telescopus semiannulatus , syn . : leptodira semiannulata , tarbophis semiannulatus ]
zool . baja california striped whipsnake / whip snake [ coluber aurigulus , syn . : masticophis aurigulus ]
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coluber melanurus var . timoriensis ferreira 1897 ( fide kaiser , pers . comm . )
andaman and nicobar islands support a significant proportion of india’s herpetofauna . we conducted . . .
we provide the latest and final update of snakes of india for the year 2014 . major changes done . . .
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up to 180 cm . most specimen stay smaller and only reach a length from about 120 cm . some authors describe them with a maximum length of 200 cm .
southern thailand south of krabi . in the red data book about the status of mammals , reptiles and amphibians of thailand also nakhon ratchasima ( pak chong , wang namkieo ) is listed as a locality . also trutnau ( ungiftige schlangen bd 1 / 2 ) remarks , that he has found this specimen in central thailand in the khao yai nationalpark . this would be an isolated occurance – at least at the present stage of knowledge – as this locality is about 1000 km northeast from the next locality where this specimen is found . photos from specimen from this locality would be helpful for to check how far north this snakes lives .
the black tail racer mostly inhabits the lowland up to 900 meters above sea level . it inhabits rainforests , bushy areas as well as rice fields and grasslands . the snake is active during the day and at night . they feed on rodents , birds lizards , bats and frogs . this snake lays eggs . between 5 and 12 eggs are deposit by the female several times per year . the incubation time lasts between 75 and 89 days . the hatchlings have a total length between 25 and 30 cm at birth .
up to 230 cm . these snakes generally reach a length between 150 and 180 cm .
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: head narrow . snout twice as long as the eye ; eye large with round pupil ; loreal a little longer than high ; 1 pre and 2 postoculars ; temporals 2 + 2 ; scales in ( 21 ) 19 : 19 : 17 rows , feebly keeled ; supralabials 8 - 11 ( 4th to 6th in contact with the eye , 6th in contact with the temporal ) ; infralabials 10 , first 4 to 6 touching first pair of genials ; ventrals 193 - 242 , strongly angulate laterally ; subcaudals 80 - 116 , paired ; anal entire .
: light brown above , with several light blackish - white stripes round the body , which become indistinct towards posterior part of the body ; hind body darker brown ; no black occipital bar ; a pale black streak below the eye , an oblique one from the eye to above back of mouth and another one along neck . belly scales pale cream ; tail black above , blackish - gray below .
: terrestrial as well as arboreal , mostly active in the early mornings , also active after rains . often enters houses in search of rats or chicken eggs , a few indivisuals i have studied were from the wooden house roofs . mainly feeds on rodents , birds , frogs and lizards . constricts its prey . a few individuals i have handeled never tried to bite . lays about 5 - 12 eggs . grows up to 1 . 8m .
: known only from andaman & little andaman islands . elsewhere : thailand , myanmar , malaysia , and western indonesia .
update 1st june , 2018 : we just set up snake _ id , a cool new page that simplifies snake identification . be sure to check it out !
images provided by flickr - / inaturalist - api . sporadic false assignments may occur .
? ? ? to ? ? ? meter above sea level ( a . s . l . )
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laos , malaysia , myanmar , nepal , singapore , thailand , and vietnam .
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the wingspan is 64 – 82 mm .

the larvae feed on arisaema and impatiens species in india .

deilephila rivularis

deilephila rivularis ( boisduval , [ 1875 ] ) = chaerocampa rivularis boisduval , [ 1875 ] = chaerocampa fraterna butler , 1875 .
( taxonomic notes . ( i ) kernbach ( 1958 ) regarded this species as a subspecies of deilephila elpenor ( linnaeus , 1758 ) , an opinion he shared with many others . however , ebert ( 1974 ) provided convincing evidence that deilephila rivularis is a valid species .
deilephila rivularis ( chitral elephant hawk moth ) is a moth of the family sphingidae . it is found in east and central afghanistan , pakistan ( north of karachi ) and in northern india ( east to dehra dun , uttar pradesh ) .
( ii ) the lectotype is a female in the carnegie museum , pittsburg , pennsylvania , usa , bearing two labels . one states ' rivularis b , darjiling ' , the other ' epilobis bv , simlah ' . in his explicit description of deilephila rivularis , boisduval stated quite clearly that this specimen was from simlah [ simla ] , but added that a second specimen was reared by a captain shervill from an ' elpenor - like ' larva collected at darjeeling . the latter was probably the source of the incorrect labelling . the correct type locality is therefore ' simlah [ simla ] ' . deilephila rivularis does not occur farther east than uttar pradesh , india . the individual raised by capt . shervill was deilephila elpenor macromera ( butler , 1875 ) . )
wingspan : 64 - - 82mm . very like deilephila elpenor , but with the rosy red parts of the body and wings more heavily suffused with cinnamon , the red coloration being less bright than in deilephila elpenor , especially on the wings . marginal area of hindwing broad . in the male genitalia , the processes of the sacculi are bent claw - like and strongly sclerotized . aedeagus anteriorly with a noticeably strong , subapical , oblique , dentate ridge , much more so than in deilephila elpenor . even the single cornutus is more pronounced .
synonymized with chaerocampa elpenor by swinhoe , 1884 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1884 : 514 ; with theretra macromera by kirby , 1892 , synonymic cat . lepid . heterocera 1 : 650 ; then with chaerocampa elpenor again by swinhoe , 1892 , cat . east . and aust . lepid . heterocera colln oxf . univ . mus . 1 : 15 . reinstated as a species by rothschild & jordan , 1903 , novit . zool . 9 ( suppl . ) : 735 ( key ) , 738 . synonymized with pergesa elpenor as a subspecies by kernbach , 1958 , dt . ent . z . ( n . f . ) 5 : 380 ( and by inoue , 1973 , bull . fac . dom sci . otsuma woman ' s univ . 9 : 124 ) . reinstated as a species and implicitly transferred to deilephila by ebert , 1974 , reichenbachia 15 : 12 .
chaerocampa fraterna butler , 1875 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1875 : 247 .
holarctic ; western palaearctic region . pleistocene refuge : monocentric - - sindian refuge .
nothing known , except that it tends to occur at 2000 - - 4000m .
bivoltine ; february / march , and late june and july , so far as known .
hostplants . arisaema and impatiens in india ( bell & scott , 1937 ) .
eastern afghanistan ( safed koh mountains , kotkai ) at 2350m ( ebert , 1974 ) and central afghanistan ( danner , eitschberger & surholt , 1998 ) , and pakistan as far south as karachi ( bell & scott , 1937 ; ebert , 1974 ; rafi et al . , 2014 ; humairah hanif et al . , 2016 ) .
extra - limital range . northern india as far east as dehra dun , uttar pradesh , and nepal : several localities are given for himachal pradesh , india , by sidhu & nair ( 2017 ) . records from sikkim are almost certainly erroneous , even though there is a specimen in the natural history museum , london , attributed to this locality .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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( boisduval , 1875 ) wingspan 65mm . set ready for cabinet . please choose from drop tab .
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