it is also found in mexico .

the wingspan is about 21 mm .

adults have been recorded on wing year round , with most records between march and september .

the larvae feed on taxodium species .

macaria aequiferaria

macaria aequiferaria , the woody angle moth , is a moth of the family geometridae . it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from maryland , from delaware to florida , west to texas , as well as in oklahoma , mississippi , kentucky and southern illinois .
macaria ( macariini ) ; [ fe ] ; [ mna17 . 2 ] , 178
macaria liturata ; [ fe ] ; [ mna17 . 2 ] , 192 ( note )
macaria albapicaria holland , 1900 ; novit . zool . 7 ( 3 ) : 579 ; tl : buru
macaria transitaria transitaria ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 203 , pl . 5 , f . 4 - 6
macaria sexmaculata incolorata ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 212 , pl . 5 , f . 22 - 24
macaria minorata packard , 1873 ; rep . peabody acad . sci . 5 : 66 ; tl : natick , massachusetts
macaria transitaria walker , 1861 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 23 : 886 ; tl : east florida
macaria infimata guenée , 1857 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 10 : 81 ; tl : cayenne
macaria bifilaria hampson , 1904 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 14 ( 81 ) : 176 ; tl : nassau
macaria notata kirina wehrli , 1940 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 4 ( suppl . ) : 386 , pl . 30 row k
macaria notata notata ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 182 , pl . 4 , f . 18 - 20 , pl . 11 , f . 11
macaria juglandata ferguson , 2008 ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 185 , pl . 4 , f . 27 - 29 ; tl : los angeles , california
macaria sexmaculata sexmaculata ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 211 , pl . 5 , f . 19 - 21 , pl . 12 , f . 12 - 13
macaria adonis barnes & mcdunnough , 1918 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 2 ) : 148 ; tl : monache meadows , tulare co . , california
macaria distribuaria ; [ mob11 ] , 160 ( note ) ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 204 , pl . 5 , f . 10 - 12 , pl . 12 , f . 9
macaria notata appalachiana ferguson , 2008 ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 182 , pl . 4 , f . 21 - 23 ; tl : waterrock knob , 5800ft , jackson co . , north carolina
macaria masquerata ferguson , 2008 ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 196 , f . pl . 4 , f . 51 - 53 ; tl : purcell ' s cove , halifax co . , nova scotia
macaria granitata ; [ mob11 ] , 160 ( note ) ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 225 , pl . 5 , f . 54 - 57 , pl . 13 , f . 6 - 7
macaria ? submarmorata walker , 1861 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 23 : 887 ; tl : st . martin ' s falls , albany river , hudson bay [ n . ontario ]
macaria solisata ferguson , 2008 ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 188 , pl . 4 , f . 33 - 34 ; tl : rancho del cielo , 3500 ' , 6km nnw of gomez farias , tamaulipas , mexico
macaria transitaria resinosae ferguson , 2008 ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 203 , pl . 5 , f . 7 - 9 , pl . 12 , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : lake kejimkujik national park , queens co . , nova scotia
macaria ponderosae ferguson , 2008 ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 201 , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 3 , pl . 12 , f . 5 - 6 ; tl : fort niobrara [ national wildlife refuge ] , cherry co . , nebraska
macaria signaria ; beljaev & vasilenko , 2002 , ent . fennica 13 ( 4 ) : 199 ; [ fe ] ; [ mna17 . 2 ] : 216 , f . 2a , pl . 5 , f . 31 - 36 , pl . 12 , f . 15 , pl . 13 , f . 1
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ferguson , d . c . , 2008 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 17 . 2 : p . 192 ; pl . 4 . 39 - 45 . order
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web page and photo prepared by john snyder of the department of biology at furman university . for links to thousands of north american moth photos , go to web images of north american moth species .
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ferguson , d . c . 2008 . moths of america north of mexico . fascicle 17 . 2 . geometroidea , geometridae , ennominae ( part : abaxini , cassymini , macariini ) . the wedge entomological research foundation . 430 pp .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
a swamp or other kind of stand of the foodplant trees where the species occurs , or has occurred , where there is potential for persistence or regular recurrence . minimally documentation of an adult or larva in association with the foodplant - - which for almost all included species is known to be the cedar or cypress . verification standards may vary some with species , but with very few exceptions larvae will need to be reared to adults for verification and with no exceptions at least a photograph is required for new occurrences . an occurrence ranked higher than d should consist of a viable population or metapopulation .
even though the moths will move around some , there is no evidence to suggest any habitat not containing the larval foodplant ( generally cypress or cedar ) needs to be included except perhaps short stretches along streams that connect major patches - - but most of these will contain some foodplant .
most suitable habitats are small ( a few hundred hectares or less ) and so inferred extent is simply the entire swamp or other habitat . for extensive swamps these species are likely or virtually certain to occur throughout but in the absence of information this radius is arbitrarily suggested . obviously this distance is to be used only over suitable or marginal habitat with no gaps more than 2 kilometers . note also that cedar and cypress swamps are often riparian and therefore more or less linear so this figure would not really be a radius . as noted above some occurrences are actually known to extend more than twice this distance .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
hodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .
scoble , m . j . ( ed . ) , m . s . parsons , m . r . honey , l . m . pitkin , and b . r . pitkin . 1999 . geometrid moths of the world : a catalogue . volumes 1 and 2 : 1016 pp . + index 129 pp . csiro publishing , collingwood , victoria , australia .
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900x763 ( ~ 90kb ) usa : washington , chelan co . , lepsoc 2010 moth night at eagle creek , 9 . 7 . 2010 , photo © markku savela
the exact identification of this species is still unknown , but tentatively assumed to belong into this group .
phalaena notata linnaeus , 1758 ; syst . nat . ( edn 10 ) 1 : 523 ; tl : europe
902x485 ( ~ 89kb ) russia , moscow area , 27 . 05 . 2007 , photo © d . smirnov
larva on betula spp . , b . pubescens , salix spp . , amelanchier sp . [ sprk ]
neu , ceu , siberia , northwest territories - s . canada , washington , idaho , montana , oregon , colorado , connecticut
larva on acer , a . rubrum , a . negundo ? , a . grandidentatum ? , a . glabrum ? [ mna17 . 2 ] , 185
eu , turkey , caucasus , georgia , s . siberia . see [ maps ]
800x571 ( ~ 68kb ) female russia , gumbaritsa 60 40 ' n 32 57 ' e , ex . o . 7 . 1992 , photo 10 . 4 . 1993 © kimmo silvonen
902x534 ( ~ 92kb ) russia , moscow area , 20 . 05 . 2007 , photo © d . smirnov
larva on betula spp . , salix spp . , sorbus aucuparia , hippophae rhamnoides , rhamnus frangula [ sprk ]
maryland , wisconsin , kansas , arkansas , texas , virginia , west virginia , ohio , kentucky , tennessee , oklahoma , new york . see [ maps ]
semiothisa promiscuata ferguson , 1974 ; j . lep . soc . 28 : 297 ; tl : devil ' s den state park , washington co . , arkansas
s . florida , s . mexico , costa rica , panama , cuba . see [ maps ]
maryland , delaware - florida - texas , oklahoma , , mississippi , kentucky , s . illinois , mexico . see [ maps ]
nova scotia - w . ontario , minnesota , maryland , north carolina , south carolina , missouri . see [ maps ]
larva on pinus strobus , p . virginiana ? , p . rigida ? , p . resinosa [ mna17 . 2 ] , 196
nova scotia , new brunswick , n . maine , quebec , n . new york , ontario , michigan , wisconsin , manitoba , saskatchewan , alberta . see [ maps ]
larva on pinus banksiana , p . sylvestris ? , p . contorta ? , p . resinosa ? [ mna17 . 2 ] , 197
massachusetts , ohio , missouri , north carolina , south carolina , new york - florida , alabama , texas . see [ maps ]
larva on pinus virginiana , p . rigida ? , p . echinata ? , p . taeda ? [ mna17 . 2 ] , 199
british colombia - california , utah , colorado , montana , south dakota . see [ maps ]
larva on pinus jeffreyi , p . ponderosa , p . contorta [ mna17 . 2 ] , 200
phalaena liturata clerck , 1759 ; icon . ins . rariorum : pl . 6 , f . 6
900x607 ( ~ 84kb ) finland , v : bromarv vettlax 665 : 27 , ex . l . 8 . 1991 , photo 15 . 3 . 1992 © kimmo silvonen
943x521 ( ~ 95kb ) upperside russia , moscow area , 14 . 6 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
681x592 ( ~ 91kb ) underside russia , moscow area , 14 . 6 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
eu - w . siberia , c . siberia , turkey , caucasus , . . .
nebraska , south dakota , montana , wyoming , colorado , utah , new mexico , arizona . see [ maps ]
larva on pinus ponderosa , ( reared on ) p . virginiana [ mna17 . 2 ] , 201
massachusetts , new york , ohio , illinois , virginia , kentucky , north carolina , south carolina , na . georgia , florida , louisiana , texas
pensylvania , north carolina - florida , louisiana - texas . see [ maps ]
larva on pinus palustris , p . elliottii ? , ( reared on ) p . banksiana [ mna17 . 2 ] , 205
semiothisa sanfordi rindge , 1958 ; amer . mus . novit . 1910 : 5 ; tl : port sewall , martin co . , florida
larva on pinus clausa , ( reared on ) p . virginiana [ mna17 . 2 ] , 206
nova scotia - ontario , quebec , minnesota , new england , marylan , north carolina , south carolina , na . georgia . see [ maps ]
larva on larix laricina , l . decidua ? # , [ mna17 . 2 ] , 212
alberta - british columbia , n . idaho , w . montana , washington , oregon
canada , yukon , main , new hampshire , connecticut , wisconsin . see [ maps ]
larva on larix laricina , l . occidentalis ? [ mna17 . 2 ] , 214
nova scotia , new brunswick , quebec , ontario , manitoba , saskatchewan , alberta , british columbia , yukon , maine , michigan , washington . see [ maps ]
semiothisa banksianae ferguson , 1974 ; can . ent . 106 : 591 ( repl . semiothisa marmorata ferguson , 1972 ) ; tl : dorchester , westmorland co . , new brunswick
larva on pinus banksiana , p . contorta [ mna17 . 2 ] , 215
eu , turkey , caucasus , transcaucasia , urals , siberia , far east , sakhalin , n . iran , japan , from ( yukon - newfoundland ) - to ( north carolina , new mexico , arizona , california ) . see [ maps ]
929x521 ( ~ 95kb ) upperside russia , moscow area , 22 . 6 . 2008 , photo © d . smirnov
larva on picea abies , larix sibirica [ sprk ] , pinus monticola , p . contorta latifolia [ mna17 . 2 ] , 218
alberta , british columbia - california , utah , colorado , nevada , idaho , montana , new mexico , arizona . see [ maps ]
nova scotia , maine , quebec , ontario , michigan , wisconsin , new jersey , maryland , north carolina , kentucky , tennessee , na . georgia ? . see [ maps ]
semiothisa pinistrobata ferguson , 1972 ; can . ent . 104 : 563 ; tl : lake kejimkujik , queens co . , nova scotia
nova scotia - quebec , ontario , wisconsin , new england , new york , new jersey , pennsylvania , maryland , virginia , west virginia , kentucky , tennessee , north carolina , south carolina , na . georgia . see [ maps ]
newfoundland - alberta , maine , new hampshire , new york , michigan , wisconsin . see [ maps ]
sciagraphia granitata var . oweni swett , 1907 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 15 : 128 - 129 ; tl : grand lake , newfoundland
pennsylvania , maine , new hampshire , s . quebec , ohio , north carolina , south carolina , na . georgia . see [ maps ]
massachusetts , connecticut - south carolina , florida , illinois , missouri , arkansas , oklahoma , texas . see [ maps ]
larva on juniperus virginiana , j . silicicola ? [ mna17 . 2 ] , 228
thamnonoma angulata warren , 1897 ; novit . zool . 4 : 484 ; tl : newcastle , jamaica
phalaena carbonaria clerck , 1759 ; icon . ins . rariorum : pl . 1 , f . 11 ; tl : [ europe ]
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptéres . volume 10 . uranides et phalénites
( uranides , phalenides ) : pl . 1 - 11 , ( uranides ) pl . 1 ( 1858 ) ,
( uranides , phalenides , siculides ) : pl . 12 - 22 , ( siculides ) pl . 1 ( 1858 )
icones insectorum rariorum cum nominibus eorum trivialibus , locisque e c . linnaei . . . systema naturae allegatis . holmiae
biologia centrali - americana ; or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of mexico and central america . zoology . lepidoptera . heterocera
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
zuträge zur sammlung exotischer schmettlinge , vol . 3 [ 1824 - ] 1825 [ - 1831 ]
systema naturae per regna tria naturae , secundum clases , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , symonymis , locis . tomis i . 10th edition
descriptions of and notes on north american geometridae ( lepidoptera ) . no . 3
notes on the lepidoptera of kaslo , b . c . , with descriptions of seven new species
zeller , 1872 beiträge zur kenntniss der nordamerikanischen nachtfälter , besonders der microlepidopteren ( 1 ) verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 22 : 447 - 566 , pl . 2 - 3
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .


the bonnacon ( also called bonasus or bonacho ) is a legendary creature described as a bull with inward-curving horns and a horse-like mane .

medieval bestiaries usually depict its fur as reddish-brown or black .

because its horns were useless for self-defense , the bonnacon was said to expel large amounts of caustic feces from its anus at its pursuers , burning them and thereby ensuring its escape .

bonnacon

folio 12r - hyena , continued . de bonnacon ; the bonnacon . | the aberdeen bestiary | the university of aberdeen
following are some images of the bonnacon , generally showing off its one big fire - pooping trick . see also the medieval bestiary : bonnacon .
of the bonnacon , the aberdeen bestiary ( ms24 , fol . 12r ) , 12th century
the bonnacon , bestiarius ( kb gks 1633 4° , fol . 10r ) , 15th century
the european bison ( bison bonasus ) is generally believed to be the basis of the bonnacon .
a bonnacon leaves its mark on knight in coat of mail as he ( the bonnacon ) is attacked , the ashmole bestiary ( ashmole 1511 , fol . 18r ) , beginning of the 13th century
bonnacon , bestiary ( e mus . 136 , fol . 24r ) , end of the 13th century
the bonnacon is an asian beast whose head is like a bull but his horns curl inwards so that they do not harm the victim . when the bonnacon is chased he expels dung which burns a wide area .
a bonnacon , the northumberland bestiary ( getty 100 , fol . 26v ) , c . 1250 - 1260
legend has it that the bonnacon’s curly horns were no good for butting or goring , so it developed a secondary defense system that was much more vile and underhanded : the bonnacon was the proud producer of acidic dung .
huntsmen with a bonnacon , the worksop bestiary ( pml m . 81 , fol . 37r ) , c . 1185
bonnacon being speared by huntsmen , bestiary ( bodl . 764 , fol . 16r ) , second quarter of the 13th century
hunters spearing a bonnacon , bestiary ( british library harley 4751 , fol . 11 ) , 2nd quarter of the 13th century
bonnacon making rearguard action against three knights , bestiary ( douce 88 , fol . 10r ) , end of the 13th century
bonnacon , the rochester bestiary ( british library royal 12 f xiii , fol . 16r ) , c . 1230 - 14th century
bonnacon defending itself , the fountains abbey bestiary ( pml m . 890 , fol . 3v ) , c . 1325 - 1350
of all the mythical medieval beasts that rollocked around in the dark ages , the bonnacon ( or bonasus and bonacon ) has to be the most ridiculous .
of course , it’s pretty unlikely that the bonnacon ever existed , but some believe it might have been based on the european bison , which became extinct in 1919 .
the bonnacon is a beast with a head like a bull , but with horns that curl in towards each other . because these horns are useless for defense , the bonnacon has another weapon . when pursued , the beast expels its dung which travels a great distance ( as much as two acres ) , and burns anything it touches .
the bonnacon with bull - like head and ram ' s horns discharges at huntsman , who spears it , bestiary ( douce 88 , fol . 92v ) , c . 1300
a bonnacon ( bonasus ) defecating : two hunters are fleeing from the smell of its dung , bestiarium ( mmw 10 b 25 , fol . 8r ) , c . 1450
the bonnacon’s range extends from scythia in the east to bulgaria , macedonia , and germany in the west . it would be a fine prize for hunters were it not for its remarkable flatulent defenses .
if you accidentally found yourself at the business end of one of these guys , its fire - like excreta would burn your skin on contact . the drawing below shows the bonnacon being utterly ashamed of the stench it has produced :
asia . in phrygia there is born an animal called bonnacon ; it has a bull’s head , horse’s mane and curling horns , when chased it discharges dung over an extent of three acres which burns whatever it touches . identified with bison .
a bonnacon looks like a bull , but is squatter , with reddish fur shading to black , a short tail , and the shaggy mane of a horse . its horns curl inwardly towards the head , making them of no use in self - defense .
when attacked , the bonnacon voids the contents of its intestines over an area of 3 acres ( aristotle gives a more conservative estimate of 4 fathoms ) . the noxious , acrid dung ignites and burns anything it touches , leaving a trail of flame in its wake .
the european bison’s curly horns , which were used by europeans in the middle ages as drinking horns , certainly could have inspired the bonnacon . as for the fiery dung , who knows where that came from ? i’m just sad i’ll never get to see one in action .
the image of the bonnacon was made in the 15 th century and relies on the textual basis of pliny the elder’s natural history , where the beast is recorded to be found in the ancient kingdom of paenoia in the southern balkan region of southeastern europe . in the medieval image , the bonnacon is depicted as a massive beast that is as tall as the man beside it . it has curled horns , hooved feet , and donkey - like ears . it is also illustrated to be firing explosive dung from its behind , which , according to myth , it used as a defensive weapon and burns anything it comes in contact with . the beast is depicted as a hostile creature since the man is shown armed in order to defend himself in battle against it .
aubrey john , baroque , bonacon , bonnacon , bosch hieronymous , canterbury tales , chaucer geoffrey , cranach lucas , de vere edward , durfey thomas , ellis william . my lady and her mayd , farting , garden of earthly delights , luther martin , marginalia , mediaeval , medieval , pepys samuel , playford henry , playford john , puritans , renaissance , shakespeare william , sumer is icumen in , swift jonathan , two gentlemen of verona
in classical and medieval folklore , the bonnacon was a bull or bison - like creature with curled horns and could emit noxious vapors from its rear or could expel a trail of dung at great distances . these vapors could cover an area the size of 2 - 3 acres and would scorch anything in the area or the dung could burn anything it touched . the horns were useless in terms of attacking . pliny the elder , famous for reporting the catoblepas and basilic ( basilisk ) also first reported this creature .
“once known as a mild and even affectionate beast , bonnacon is afflicted with a fit that comes upon him like a caul of fire . tossing his great head in torment and rage , this bull gores to death his unfortunate victims , many of them greengrocers . phrontists have implicated a rare variety of cabbage in triggering the violent attack . the maelstrom should worry a mite less about fish and a mite more about these other creatures , if you ask me─the kind that ' s killing folk right now in western la noscea , for example . ”
the drawings in anne’s bestiary have a decidedly whimsical air to them . the artist seems to have had a sense of humor . the parrot , who the text says needs to be hit over the head with an iron bar to get his attention , looks suitably angry ( figure 16 ) ; the bonnacon ( figure 14 ) looks smug at his successful defense ; the fox has handily tossed his stolen goose across his shoulders ( figure 9 ) ; and the girl who has just betrayed the unicorn seems to show remorse ( figure 17 ) .
in asia an animal is found which men call bonnacon . it has the head of a bull , and thereafter its whole body is of the size of a bull ' s with the maned neck of a horse . its horns are convoluted , curling back on themselves in such a way that if anyone comes up against it , he is not harmed . but the protection which its forehead denies this monster is furnished by its bowels . for when it turns to flee , it discharges fumes from the excrement of its belly over a distance of three acres , the heat of which sets fire to anything it touches . in this way , it drives off its pursuers with its harmful excrement .
the medieval bestiary provides separate images of the bonnacon and onager . the image of the onager was made the earliest in the 14 th century . the sources that provide evidence for its existence are pliny the elder’s natural history and isidore of seville’s etymologies . the beast is named an onager from the greek words onus ( “ass” ) and agrion ( “wild” ) . it is said to be found in africa wandering the desert . in the medieval image , the onager has a slim body with a donkey - like tail and donkey ears . it is shown to be howling in accordance with the myth that accompanies the animal . the creature is said to signal the coming of the spring equinox on march 25 th by braying twelve times night and day .
it is clear that the illustrations were added after the text was complete . this can be seen for instance on f . 12r , the bonnacon , where the axe passes outside the frame and covers some text . in this case the initial was done before the illustration because the capital ' i ' is overlapped by the spear . in some cases , the picture is placed over the initial ( f . 50r , f . 59v , f . 67v ) . in other instances the initial overlaps the picture frame ( f . 8v , f . 31v , f . 63r , f . 68v ) . this suggests that both the initials and the illustrations were made by the same artist who chose , on each occasion , whether to begin with the image or the letter .
femine sint id est nec fideles , nec perfidi sunt , sed sunt sine dubio , de \ quibus ait salomon : vir duplex animo , inconstans est in omnibus \ viis suis . de quibus ait dominus : non potestis deo servire et mamone . \ hec belua lapidem in oculis tenet , nomine yeniam , quem siquis sub lin \ gua tenuerit , futura predicere creditur . verum yena quodcumque \ animal ter lustraverit vomere [ a : movere ] se non potest . quapropter magicam in \ esse ei pronunciaverunt . in ethiope parte coit cum leena unde nascitur \ monstrum cui crocote nomen est . voces hominum et ipsi [ a : ipsa ] pariter effec \ tat . nunquam commutationem orbium sed in obtutum sine mu \ tatione contendit . in ore gingiva nulla . dens unus atque perpe \ tuus qui ut nunquam retundatur , naturaliter capsularum modo clauditur . \ de bonnacon . \ in asia ani \ mal nas \ citur quod bon \ nacon di \ cunt . cui \ taurinum \ capud , ac \ deinceps \ corpus om \ ne tantum \ iuba equi \ na . cornu \ a autem ita multiplici fleu [ a : flexu ] in se recurrentia , ut si quis in \ eo offendat non vulneretur , sed quicquid presidii monstro illi frons \ negat , alvus sufficiat [ a : sufficit ] . nam cum in fugam vertit proluvie citi ventris fumum egerit per longitudinem trium iugerum , cuius \ ardor quicquid attigerit adurit . ita egerie noxia submovet insequentes \
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[ note : to make the text as useful as possible to readers , the golden legend is available at this site in multiple forms : very large files for each of the volumes , and by chapter . see the golden legend main page / index for other volumes or chapter length files . ]
from the temple classics edited by f . s . ellis first issue of this edition , 1900 reprinted 1922 , 1931
the life of s . james the more [ james the greater ] , 47
s . maturin was born of the diocese of sens , and his father was called marin , which by the commandment of the emperor maximian , persecuted much strongly christian men , but his son maturin , from the time of his infancy , privily in his heart and in will , was disciple of jesu christ , and was much sorrowful of the predication of his father and mother , forasmuch as they were paynims and miscreants . wherefore he prayed many times our lord jesu christ that by his benign grace he would convert them . so it happed on a night , as he slept , a voice said to him : maturin , thy petition is heard and granted , who anon arose and gave and rendered great thankings to our lord . the mother of s . maturin , being inspired with the holy ghost , came to him and said : o my son what reward and what merit shall we have if we believe in jesu christ as by many times thou hast desired us . then s . maturin said to her : mother , i let you wit that after the general resurrection , body and soul shall have joy without end , and that so much , that heart human may not think , ne tongue speak ne pronounce . anon then the mother of s . maturin went to her husband , his father , for to tell to him what her son had said : to whom the father said thus : i have this night seen in a vision that our son maturin of s was entered into a sheepcote , and that there was delivered to him a great multitude of sheep ; and then they both two received the holy sacrament of baptism of a holy bishop named polycarp , which ordained and made s . maturin priest when he was but twenty years old .
s . gregory recordeth that a lady visited oft and gladly the church of these two saints ; and when she came on a time , she found two monks in strange habit , and she supposed that they had been monks . she commanded to give them her alms , but whilst her dispenser approached to them , they approached to her and said : thou visitest now us , but we shall visit thee at the day of judgment , and shall give that we may . and when they had so said , anon they vanished away . then let us pray unto god that by their merits he give to us in this world his grace , and in that other his glory . per christum dominum nostrum . amen .
then s . leo wrote an epistle to fabian , bishop of constantinople , against eutichius and nestorius , which he laid upon the sepulchre of s . peter , and was in continual fastings and prayers , saying : o holy peter , what that i have erred in this epistle as man , thou to whom the cure of the church i8 committed , correct and amend . and after forty days peter appeared to him praying , and said : i have read it and amended it . then leo took the epistle , and found it corrected and amended with the hands of the apostle . other forty days also he was continually in fastings and prayers at the sepulchre of s . peter , beseeching to get him forgiveness of his sins . to whom peter appeared and said : i have prayed our lord for thee , and he hath forgiven thee all thy sins , save only of the imposition of thy hand thou shalt be examined . he died about the year of our lord four hundred and sixty
on a time when s . peter had sent two of his disciples for to preach the faith ot jesu christ , and when they had gone twenty days ' journey , one of them died , and that other then returned to s . peter and told him what had happened , some say that it was s . marcial that so died , and some say it was s . maternus , and others say that it was s . frank . then s . peter gave to him his staff and commanded that he should return to his fellow , and lay it upon him , which he so did , then he which had been forty days dead , anon arose all living .
after this , our lord appeared to s . peter , saying to him : simon magus and nero purpose against thee , dread thee not , for i am with thee , and shall give to thee the solace of my servant paul , which to - morn shall come in to rome . then peter , knowing that he should not long abide here , assembled all his brethren and took clement by the hand and ordained him a bishop , and made him to sit in his own seat . after this , as our lord had said tofore , paul came to rome , and with peter began to preach the faith of christ .
then as marcel saith : simon went to the house of marcel and bound there a great black dog at the door of the house , and said : now i shall see if peter , which is accustomed to come hither , shall come , and if he come this dog shall strangle him . and a little after that , peter and paul went thither , and anon peter made the sign of the cross and unbound the hound , and the hound was as tame and meek as a lamb , and pursued none but simon , and went to him and took and cast him to the ground under him , and would have strangled him . and then ran peter to him and cried upon the hound that he should not do him any harm . and anon the hound left and touched not his body , but he all torent and tare his gown in such wise that he was almost naked . then all the people , and especially children , ran with the hound upon him and hunted and chased him out of the town as he had been a wolf . then for the reproof and shame he durst not come in to the town of all a whole year after . then marcel that was disciple of simon magus , seeing these great miracles , came to peter , and was from then forthon his disciple .
that same day peter and paul appeared to s . dionysius , as he saith in his foresaid epistle in these words : understand the miracle and see the prodigy , my brother timothy , of the day of the martyrdom ot them , for i was ready in the time of departing of them . after their death i saw them together , hand in hand , entering the gates of the city , and clad with clothes of light , and arrayed with crowns of clearness and light . hæc dionysius .
and s . gregory recounteth in his dialogues that , in the church of s . peter , where his bones rest , was a man of great holiness and of meekness named gentian , and there came a maid into the church which was cripple , and drew her body and legs after her with her hands , and when she had long required and prayed s . peter for health , he appeared to her in a vision , and said to her : go to gentian , my servant , and he shall restore thy health . then began she to creep here and there through the church , and enquired who was gentian , and suddenly it happed that he came to her that him sought , and she said to him : the holy apostle s . peter sent me to thee that thou shouldest make me whole and deliver me from my disease , and he answered : if thou be sent to me from him , arise thou anon and go on thy feet . and he took her by the hand and anon she was all whole , in such wise as she felt nothing of her grief nor malady , and then she thanked god and s . peter .
and in the same book s . gregory saith when that a holy priest was come to the end of his life , he began to cry in great gladness : ye be welcome , my lords , ye be welcome that ye vouchsafe to come to so little and poor a servant , and he said : i shall come and thank you . then they that stood by demanded who they were that he spake to , and he said to them wondering : have ye not seen the blessed apostles peter and paul and as he cried again , his blessed soul departed from the flesh .
some have doubt whether peter and paul suffered death in one day , for some say it was the same one day , but one a year after the other . and jerome and all the saints that treat of this matter accord that it was on one day and one year , and so is it contained in an epistle of denis , and leo the pope saith the same in a sermon , saying : we suppose but that it was not done without cause that they suffered in one day and in one place the sentence of the tyrant , and they suffered death in one time , to the end that they should go together to jesu christ , and both under one persecutor to the end that equal cruelty should strain that one and that other . the day for their merit , the place for their glory , and the persecution overcome by virtue . hæc leo .
though they suffered both death in one day and in one hour , yet it was not in one place but in diverse within rome , and hereof saith a versifier in this wise : ense coronatus paulus , cruce petrus , eodem - sub duce , luce , loco , dux nero , roma locus . that is to say , paul crowned with the sword , and peter had the cross reversed , the place was the city of rome . and howbeit that they suffered death in one day , yet s . gregory ordained that that day specially should be the solemnity of s . peter , and the next day commemoration of s . paul , for the church of s . peter was hallowed that same day , and also forasmuch as he was more in dignity , and first in conversion , and held the principality at rome .
paul is as much to say as the mouth of a trumpet or of sense ; or marvellously chosen , or a miracle of election . or paul is said of pause , that is rest , in hebrew , or it is said little , in latin . and by this be understood six prerogatives which paul had before the other apostles . the first is a fruitful tongue , for he replenished the gospel from jerusalem to jericho , and therefore he is said the mouth of a trump . the second was virtuous charity , for he said : who is sick , and i am not sick ? and therefore he is said mouth of sense or understanding . the third is conversion much marvellous , and therefore he is said marvellously chosen , for he was marvellously chosen and converted . the fourth is the hand working , and therefore he is said marvellous of election , for it was a great miracle when he chose to get his dispenses with the labour of his hands , and to preach without ceasing . the fifth was contemplation delicious , for rest of thought is required in contemplation , for he was ravished unto the third heaven . the sixth was humility virtuous , and therefore he is said little . of this name , paul , be three opinions . origen saith that he hath always two names , and was called paulus and saulus . and rabanus saith that he was called saulus , and that was after saul the proud king , but after his conversion he was called paul , as it were little and humble of spirit , and therefore he said : i am least of all the apostles . and bede said that he was called paul of sergius paulus proconsul , whom he converted to the faith . and linus the pope writeth his passion .
and the other knights , longinus , master of the knights , and accestus , came on the morn to the sepulchre of paul , and there they found two men praying , that were luke and titus , and between them was paul . and when luke and titus saw them they were abashed and began to flee , and anon paul vanished away , and the knights cried after them and said : we come not to grieve you , but know ye for truth that we come for to be baptized of you , like as paul hath said whom we saw now praying with you . when they heard that they returned and baptized them with great joy . the head of s . paul was cast in a valley , and for the multitude of other heads of men that were there slain and thrown there , it could not be known which it was .
another time the devil would make her afraid , for devils came to her in the likeness of terrible wild beasts , and a certain man said to them : eat ye this strumpet ; she then prayed , and anon they vanished away . another time a multitude of knights came , with whom was a prince tofore , and the others worshipped him . which knights said to theodora , arise and worship our prince . which answered : i worship and adore my lord god . and when it was told to the prince , he commanded that she should be brought tofore him , and to be tormented with so many torments that she should be esteemed for dead . and then she made her prayers , and all the multitude vanished away . another time she saw there much gold , and she blessed her and commended her to god , and it vanished away . another time she saw a basket borne full of all manner of good meat , and he that bare it said to her : the prince that beat thee saith that thou shouldest take this and eat , for he did it unwittingly . she blessed her , and anon he vanished away .
s . swithin , the holy confessor , was born beside winchester in the time of st . egbert , king . he was the seventh king after kenulf that s . birinus christened . for s . austin christened not all england in s . ethelbert ' s days , but s . birinus christened the west part of england in the days of kenulf the king . and at that time this holy s . swithin served our lady so devoutly that all people that knew him had great joy of his holiness , and elmeston , that was in that time bishop of winchester , made him priest . and then he lived a straighter living than he did before , and he became then so holy in living that king egbert made him his chancellor and chief of his council , and set ethulf his son and his heir under his rule and guiding , and prayed him to take heed to him that he might be brought up virtuously . and within short time after the king died , and then his son ethult was made king after him . and he guided this land full well and wisely , that it increased greatly in good living , through the counsel of s . swithin . and when elmeston the bishop of winchester was dead , swithin was made bishop there after him , whereof the people were full glad , and by his holy living he caused the people to live virtuously , and to pay their tithes to god and holy church . and if any church fell down , or was in decay , s . swithin would anon amend it at his own cost . or if any church were not hallowed , he would go thither afoot and hallow it . for he loved no pride , ne to ride on gay horses , ne to be praised ne flattered of the people , which in these days such things be used over much . god cease it .
s . swithin guided full well his bishopric , and did much good to the town of winchester in his time . he did do make without the west gate of the town a fair bridge of stone at his proper cost . and on a time there came a woman over the bridge with her lap full of eggs , and a reckless fellow struggled and wrestled with her , and brake all her eggs . and it happed that this holy bishop came that way the same time , and bade the woman let him see her eggs , and anon he lift up his hand and blessed the eggs , and they were made whole and sound , ever each one , by the merits of this holy bishop , and being then glad she thanked god and this holy man for the miracle that was done to her .
the translation of the glorious martyr , s . thomas of canterbury , we shall shortly rehearse unto the laud and praising of almighty god , then in the fiftieth year after his passion , which was the year of jubilee , that is of remission . for , of ancient time , the fiftieth year was called the year of the jubilee of pardon and remission , and is yet used among religious men . for when a religious man hath continued in his order fifty years , then he shall be admitted to make his jubilee , and that made , he is pardoned and hath remission of many observances that tofore he was bounden unto . then in this year of jubilee from his passion , was the solemnity of his translation accomplished , in the time of honorius , the third pope of that name . the which granted yearly remissions and indulgences so great and large , that tofore in no time of mind hath been seen any popes to have granted and given like . then let us call to mind that on a tuesday his translation was accomplished . on the tuesday happed to him many things . on a tuesday he was born , on a tuesday he was exiled , on a tuesday our lord appeared to him at pountney in france , saying : thomas , my church shall be glorified in thy blood . on a tuesday he returned from his exile , and on a tuesday he suffered martyrdom .
among all others there was a man , because of great devotion that he had to be at this holy translation and visit the holy martyr , which came to the bridge at brentford by london ; and when he was in the middle of the bridge , meeting there one , was cast into the water . this man , not forgetting himself , called s . thomas unto his help , and besought him not to suffer his pilgrim to perish , ne to be there drowned . and five times he sank down to the ground , and five times arose above the water , and then he was cast to the dry ground . then he affirmed that he received no water into his mouth , ne into his ears that did to him grievance ne hurt that he felt , save in his falling he felt in his mouth a little salt water ; and added more thereto , saying that , when he sank , a bishop held him up that he might not sink .
this holy translation was done and accomplished the year of our lord twelve hundred and twenty , in the nones of july , at three o ' clock , in the fiftieth year after his passion . for this glorious saint our lord hath showed many great miracles , as well by his life , as after his death and martyrdom . for a little tofore his death a young man died and was raised again by miracle . and he said that he was led to see the holy order of saints in heaven , and there he saw a seat void , and he asked for whom it was , and it was answered to him that , it was kept for the great bishop of england , s . thomas of canterbury . there was also a simple priest that daily sang no other mass but of our lady , whereof he was put to s . thomas his ordinary , whom accused , he opposed , and found him full simple of conning , wherefore he suspended him , and inhibited him his mass . wherefore this priest was full sorry , and prayed humbly to our blessed lady that he might be restored again to say his mass . and then our blessed lady appeared to this priest , and bade him go to s . thomas , and bid him by the token that the lady whom thou servest hath sewed his shirt of hair with red silk , which he shall find there as he laid it , that he give thee leave to sing mass , and assoil thee of his suspending and thine inhibiting , and restore thee again to thy service . and when s . thomas heard this he was greatly abashed , and went and found like as the priest had said , and then assoiled him to say mass as he did before , commanding him to keep this thing secret as long as he lived .
there was a lady in england that desired greatly to have grey eyes , for she had a conceit that she should be the more beauteous in the sight of the people ; and only for that cause she made a row to visit s . thomas upon her bare feet . and when she came thither , and had devoutly made her prayers to have her desire , suddenly she wax stark blind , and then she perceived that she had offended and displeased our lord in that request , and cried god mercy of that offence , and besought him full meekly to be restored of her sight again . and by the merits of the blessed s . thomas she was restored to her sight again , and was glad to have her old eyes , and returned home again , and lived holy to her life ' s end . also there was a lord ' s carver that brought water to him at his table , to whom the lord said : if thou hast ever stolen anything of mine , i pray god and s . thomas that thou have no water in the bason , and suddenly it was all void of the water and dry , and there was he proved a thief .
there was a tame bird kept in a cage whicb was learned to speak . and on a time he fled out of the cage and flew into the field ; and there came a sparrowhawk , and would have taken this bird and pursued after . and the bird being in great dread cried : s . thomas ! help ! like as he had heard others speak , and the sparrowhawk fell down dead . and the bird escaped harmless .
also there was a man that s . thomas loved much in his days , and he fell in a grievous sickness , wherefore he went to the tomb of s . thomas to pray for his health , and anon he had his desire and was all whole . and as he turned homeward , being all whole , then he began to dread lest this health should not be most profitable for his soul . then he returned again to the tomb of s . thomas , and prayed if his health were not profitable to his soul , that his old sickness might come again to him . and it came anon again to him , and endured unto his life ' s end . and in like wise there was a devout blind man which had his sight restored to him again by the merit of s . thomas ; but after , he repented him for he could not be so quiet in his mind as he was before , he had then so much letting by seeing the vanities of the world . wherefore he prayed to our lord that by the merits of s . thomas , he might be blind again to the world as he was before , and anon he had his desire , and lived after full holily to his life ' s end . who should tell all the miracles that our blessed lord hath showed for this holy martyr , it should overmuch endure , for ever sith his passion unto this day , god hath showed continually for him many great miracles . then let us pray this holy saint to be a special advocate for us wretched sinners unto our lord god , who bring us unto his everlasting bliss in heaven .
s . kenelm , martyr , was king of a part of england by wales . his father was king tofore him , and was named kenulf , and founded the abbey of winchcombe , and set therein monks . and when he was dead he was buried in the same abbey . and that time winchcombe was the best town of that country . in england are three principal rivers , and they be thames , severn , and humber . this king kenelm was king of worcestershire , warwickshire and gloucestershire , and the bishop of worcester was bishop of those three shires , and he was king also of derbyshire , cheshire , shropshire , staffordshire , herefo rdshire , nottinghamshire , buckinghamshire , oxfordshire , leicestershire , and lincolnshire . all this was called the march of wales , and of all those countries s . kenelm was king , and winchcombe , that time , was chief city of all these shires . and in that time were in england six kings , and before that , oswald had been king of all england . and after him it was departed , in s . kenelm ' s days . kenulf , his father , was a full holy man , and dornemilde and quendred were sisters of s . kenelm . and kenulf , his father , died the year of our lord eight hundred and nineteen . then was kenelm made king when he was seven years of age , and his sister dornemilde loved him much , and they lived holily together to their lives ' end . but quendred , that other sister , turned her to wickedness , and had great envy of her brother kenelm , because he was so rich above her , and laboured with all her power to destroy him , because she would be queen and reign after him , and let make a strong poison , and gave it to her brother . but god kept him that it never grieved him . and when she saw that she could not prevail against the king in that manner , she laboured to askeberd , which was chief ruler about the king , and promised to him a great sum of money , and also her body at his will , if he would slay this young king her brother , and anon they accorded in this treason .
and it was so that a poor widow lived thereby , which had a white cow , which was driven in to the wood of clent . and anon as she was there she would depart and go into the valley where kenelm was buried , and there rest all the day sitting by the corpse without meat . and every night came home with other beasts , fatter , and gave more milk than any of the other kine , and so continued certain years , whereof the people marvelled that she ever was in so good point and ate no meat . that valley whereas s . kenelm ' s body lay is called cowbage .
after , on a time , as the pope sang mass at rome in s . peter ' s church , suddenly there came a white dove , and let fall a scroll on the altar whereon the pope said his mass . and these words were written therein in letters of gold :
in clent in cowbage , kenelm , king born , lieth under a thorn , his head off shorn .
here followeth the glorious life and passion of the blessed virgin and martyr s .
margaret is said of a precious gem , or ouche , that is named a margaret . which gem is white , little and virtuous . so the blessed margaret was white by virginity , little by humility , and virtuous by operation of miracles . the virtue of this stone is said to be against effusion of blood , against passion of the heart , and to confortation of the spirit . in like wise the blessed margaret had virtue against shedding of her blood by constancy , for in her martyrdom she was most constant , and also against the passion of the heare , that is to say , temptation of the devil . for she overcame the devil by victory , and to the confortation of the spirit by doctrine , for by her doctrine she comforted much people , and converted to the faith of christ . theoteinus , a learned man , wrote her legend .
the holy s . margaret was of the city of antioch , daughter of theodosius , patriarch and prince of the idols of paynims . and she was delivered to a nurse for to be kept . and when she came to perfect age she was baptized , wherefor she was in great hate of her father .
and whilst she was in prison , she prayed our lord that the fiend that had fought with her , he would visibly show him unto her . and then appeared a horrible dragon and assailed her , and would have devoured her , but she made the sign of the cross , and anon he vanished away . and in another place it is said that he swallowed her into his belly , she making the sign of the cross . and the belly brake asunder , and so she issued out all whole and sound .
this swallowing and breaking of the belly of the dragon is said that it is apocryphal .
after this the devil appeared to her in likeness of a man for to deceive her . and when she saw him , she went to prayer and after arose , and the fiend came to her , and took her by the hand and said : it sufficeth to thee that thou hast done , but now cease as to my person . she caught him by the head and threw him to the ground , and set her right foot on his neck saying : lie still , thou fiend , under the feet of a woman . the devil then cried : o blessed margaret , i am overcome . if a young man had overcome me i had not recked , but alas ! i am overcome of a tender virgin ; wherefore i make the more sorrow , for thy father and mother have been my good friends . she then constrained him to tell why he came to her , and he answered , that he came to her to counsel her for to obey the desire and request of the provost . then she constrained him to say wherefore he tempted so much and so often christian people . to whom he answered that naturally he hated virtuous men , and though we be oft put aback from them , yet our desire is much to exclude them from the felicity that they fell from , for we may never obtain ne recover our bliss that we have lost . and she then demanded what he was , and he answered : i am veltis , one of them whom solomon closed in a vessel of brass . and after his death it happed that they of babylon found this vessel ; and supposed to have founden great treasure therein , and brake the vessel , and then a great multitude of us devils flew out and filled full the air alway , awaiting and espying where we may assail rightful men . and when he had said thus , she took off her foot and said to him : flee hence , thou wretched fiend . and anon the earth opened , and the fiend sank in . then she was sure , for when she had overcome the master , she might lightly overcome the minister .
then theotinus took up the holy body , and bare it into antioch , and buried it in the house of a noble woman and widow named sincletia . and thus this blessed and holy virgin , s . margaret , suffered death , and received the crown of martyrdom the thirteenth kalends of august , as is founden in her story ; and it is read in another place that it was the third ides of july . of this virgin writeth an holy man and saith : the holy and blessed margaret was full of the dread of god , sad , stable , and worshipful in religion , arrayed with compunction , laudable in honesty , and singular in patience , and nothing was found in her contrary to christian religion , hateful to her father , and beloved of our lord jesu christ . then let us remember this holy virgin that she pray for us in our needs , etc .
s . praxede was sister of s . potentian which were the sisters of the ss . donatus and timothy , which were informed in the faith of the apostles . and when the cruel persecution was of many christian men , that were martyred and slain , they buried the bodies of the holy martyrs , and gave all their goods and faculties to poor people for god ' s love . and at last they slept in our lord , and died about the year of our lord , one hundred and sixty , under mark antony the provost .
hegesippus , with other books of josephus accord enough with the said story , and josephus saith in his treatise that the blessed mary magdalene , after the ascension of our lord , for the burning love that she had to jesu christ and for the grief and discomfort that she had for the absence of her master our lord , she would never see man . but after when she came into the country of aix , she went into desert , and dwelt there thirty years without knowing of any man or woman . and he saith that , every day at the seven hours canonical she was lifted in the air of the angels . but he saith that , when the priest came to her , he found her enclosed in her cell ; and she required of him a vestment , and he delivered to her one , which she clothed and covered her with . and she went with him to the church and received the communion , and then made her prayers with joined hands , and rested in peace .
in the time of charles the great , in the year of our lord seven hundred and seventy - one , gerard , duke of burgundy might have no child by his wife , wherefore he gave largely alms to the poor people , and founded many churches , and many monasteries . and when he had made the abbey of vesoul , he and the abbot of the monastery sent a monk with a good reasonable fellowship into aix , for to bring thither if they might of the relics of s . mary magdalene . and when the monk came to the said city , he found it all destroyed of paynims . then by adventure he found the sepulchre , for the writing upon the sepulchre of marble showed well that the blessed lady mary magdalene rested and lay there , and the history of her was marvellously entailed and carved in the sepulchre . and then this monk opened it by night and took the relics , and bare them to his lodging . and that same night mary magdalene appeared to that monk , saying : doubt thee nothing , make an end of the work . then he returned homeward until he came half a mile from the monastery . but he might in no wise remove the relics from thence , till that the abbot and monks came with procession , and received them honestly . and soon after the duke had a child by his wife .


the small frog ( cyclorana manya ) is a species of frog in the hylidae family endemic to australia .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland and intermittent freshwater marshes .

small frog

a small frog that makes a big difference : brain wave testing of tv advertisements .
frog farm chronicles - update 9 , swirl filter cleaning and a small hole does the trick .
all of the frog species , including the manalar night frog ( pictured ) live in small ranges that make them susceptible to extinction .
a small frog that makes a big difference : brain wave testing of tv advertisements . - pubmed - ncbi
also , small frog in a large pond . an unimportant or unqualified individual in a large organization or other setting . for example , coming from a small school , sandy felt lost at the state university - a little frog in a big pond . this phrase is the counterpart of big fish in a small pond .
frog is only critter wich can attack you . for instance , put a dot on him like shadow word : pain ( rank 1 ) on frog . instead of fleeing frog start attack you for 1 or even 2 - 3 * damage .
in zul ' aman i have mind controlled a frog & had him attack & kill other frogs . rofl
large plantations and human settlements are on the rise in the western ghats , which can be devastating for species with such limited ranges . “any small change could wipe out their entire population from an area ,
he says . ( see related pictures : “pea - size frog found—among world ' s smallest . ” )
deals 197 aquatic damage and has a 25 % chance to transform the target into a frog for 1 round .
the discovery adds to the 28 known night frog species , more than half of which have been identified in the past five years . ( see pictures of more frogs found in the western ghats , including the meowing night frog . )
the 12 . 2 - millimeter robinmoore’s night frog ( nyctibatrachus robinmoorei ) perches on an indian five - rupee coin .
scientists found the 13 . 8 - millimeter manalar night frog ( nyctibatrachus manalari ) in a fragmented forest near tea plantations .
“we were so excited to record [ one ] frog call that we ignored two trumpets of a nearby elephant , ” she says by email . “eventually , we got chased by the elephant and had to run for our lives , without the frog or the recording ! ”
night frogs , such as vijayan ' s night frog ( above ) , are found only in india ' s biodiverse western ghats region .
scientists in india have made a sweet discovery : seven new frog species , four of which are about the size of an m & m .
small frog is the answer to life the universe and everything . also i skipped these in zangar by accident when i did ewe in shattrath so i checked here and swung by arathi highlands after doing huge toad in hillsbrad , but there are currently none in witherbark village . might have just been unlucky but heads up if you are gonna try that as well . here ' s hoping i can find them in elwynn .
this thankless it support job is really getting old . ever since i started here , i ' ve just been a little frog in a big pond .
safely back in the laboratory , garg and her colleagues confirmed the collected frog specimens were new species by analyzing their dna , physical characteristics , and calls .
i ' m happily killing the troll when i notice a red lettered frog come rushing up and bite me . i nearly shatt my pants and almost wiped : (
was happily levelling up my bow skill in ghostlands , when i tagged but didn ' t kill a frog . it ran away , so i went on to attack a nearby troll .
for one , they ' re tiny . the smallest of the newfound species is 12 millimeters long ; the world ' s smallest known frog ( and thus vertebrate ) , paedophryne amauens of papua new guinea , is 7 . 7 millimeters long .
for optimal results , try to catch one of these in zangar marsh - being around lvl 18 will cut out on quite a bit of leveling time that the ones caught in earlier zones would require , and zangar has a very limited pet table ( only three wild pets on the table ) , this means that you can battle even the snakes and sporelings and find quite a large supply of frogs if you ' re hunting a rare , which saves hunting down frog spawns specifically .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
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can be found in most areas with water , loads in elwyn forest . has several skin colours so worth battling a few to get the colour you want .
edit : blizzard lowered the amount of health wild pets had in a hot patch . as such , these stats are probably out of date , and i have marked this comment as out of date .
the rare quality version of this battle pet is a colour - changer , meaning it will change between different colours every time you summon it .
edit : this is no longer true . the colour - changing was a glitch and as of patch 5 . 1 has been corrected .
with it ' s aquatic pet status ( which take 33 % less damage from them ) , critter attacks ( that deal 50 % extra damage to them ) , good healing capabilities and the fact you can find them so easily ( though i ' d recommend you capture one in zangarmarsh and save yourself some time leveling it ) , look no further .
, which is actually a great low - level place because you get levels 1 - 2 on one side and 5 - 7 on the other . if you don ' t have pets to get the higher level ones .
elwynn forest ( 181 ) , southern barrens ( 95 ) , northern barrens ( 67 ) , duskwood ( 53 ) , arathi highlands ( 48 ) , desolace ( 31 ) , zangarmarsh ( 24 ) , darnassus ( 21 ) , westfall ( 20 ) , ghostlands ( 13 ) , teldrassil ( 8 ) , eversong woods ( 6 ) and loch modan .
screenshots containing ui elements are generally declined on sight , the same goes for screenshots from the modelviewer or character selection screen .
note : your video will need to be approved before appearing on the site .
so , what are you waiting for ? download the client and get started .
our group wasted so much time goofin off with the frogs that are marked as humanoid since they are actually hexxed vendors . : - p
you can actually find frogs in zangarmarsh also . i found 3 near the darkcrest enclave by the lagoon .
if you / love this critter , it adds towards one of the new wrath of the lich king achievements called
to all the squirrels i ' ve loved before
.
in zangar on my shammy , i was using my stoneclaw totem to handle a slave called by a slaver , and i pulleld one of these lol . to my suprise they attacked me and i could use them to get my mana and health up by use of earth and water shields .
edit : another , much better spot is the river behind & next to farstrider retreat , 3 - 4 there .
auto attack ability , has no animations and does 1 - 2 dmg . . . believe me it attacked me . ( have to attack it first though . )
curious that they have 42 health as opposed to 1hp like most other critters .
if you attack one and don ' t manage to kill it , it will attack you back .
found in arathi highlands as a capturable pet . cords 65 . 67 , found by the pond at witherbark village .
southern barrens ( 3 ) , darnassus ( 2 ) , gundrak , swamp of sorrows and zangarmarsh .
the show starts off with the characters doing many things , such as playing a game , or making something . there is then a conflict between the characters that leads to the plot of the episode . the characters then resolve their conflict before the end of the episode . there is always at least one song in each show , which is filmed in shadowmation .
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want it | got it | exclude — community : 91 . 2 % have it
licks the enemy 1 - 2 times , dealing 197 critter damage per hit .
restores 157 health to your team and calls down a cleansing rain for 9 rounds .
during a cleansing rain , the duration of hostile damage over time effects is reduced by 1 round and aquatic abilities deal 25 % more damage .
damage increases by 197 each time it is used . max 591 aquatic damage .
a swarm of flies attacks the enemy ' s active pet , dealing 137 critter damage every round for 5 rounds . persists through pet swaps .
loved this guy in the mid levels for catching wild rares much lower level than it . got my rare little black ram with it easy as pie since it ' s starting abilities let me heal , mitigate dmg , and pick lightly at enemy hp without worying about killing my targets . and he ' s adorably colorful .
if you want to start with the highest level one , grab one in zangarmarsh . from the looks of the wowhead battlepet maps , they seem to populate on the south side generally .
awesome little pet ! i found a level 5 rare quality one in loch modan just near the dried up loch , and man , it was really hard to capture . kept turning my pets into frogs ( which leaves them unable to attack for a round ) and healing itself . really excited to make use of it it future battles .
the rare quality version of this is a colour - changer , meaning it will change between different colours every time you summon it .
can be caught in elwynn forest around crystal lake . they are plentiful on the southeastern side of the lake .
someone within a large operation or organization who is less important or less qualified than those around them .
all content on this website , including dictionary , thesaurus , literature , geography , and other reference data is for informational purposes only . this information should not be considered complete , up to date , and is not intended to be used in place of a visit , consultation , or advice of a legal , medical , or any other professional .
the tiny amphibians , which live in india ' s diverse western ghats , proved tricky to track down .
watch : seven new species of
night frogs
have been discovered , some so tiny they can fit on your fingernail .
commonly known as night frogs , the animals live only in the western ghats —a biologically rich mountain range that runs down western india .
sonali garg , a ph . d . student at the university of delhi , says that finding the night frogs—among the smallest on earth—was tricky .
in addition to their size , the newfound night frogs lead secretive lives in marshes or forests , unlike their relatives , which prefer streams . ( read about western ghat frogs that like to dance near streams . )
“it was extremely difficult to locate the calling individuals because they were always hiding under thick ground vegetation and leaf litter , ” says garg , co - author of a new study published february 21 in the journal peerj .
“if we went too close , they would stop calling , making it even more difficult . ”
not only that , but garg and colleagues had some run - ins with other local wildlife .
sathyabhama das biju , an amphibian expert at the university of delhi and a study co - author , says the newfound species need immediate protection .
“though the miniature frogs were relatively common and abundant at their respective survey sites , we found that in most cases their habitats were highly disturbed by human activities , ” biju says by email .
neil cox , manager of the international union for the conservation of nature ' s biodiversity assessment unit , adds that climate change is a pressing concern in the western ghats .
“the warmer temperatures become , the more likely the [ frogs ] are to move their ranges up in elevation , and we don’t know what the consequences of those moves will be . ”
almost one - third of known amphibian species are threatened with extinction , which has spurred people like garg and das to find them before they ' re gone . ( see pictures of vanishing amphibians in national geographic magazine . )
“there has been an extraordinary number of new amphibian species described over the past decade , ” says cox .
between 2001 and 2015 , scientists described 1 , 581 new amphibian species , 159 of which were found in the western ghats—the second most diverse place after brazil ' s atlantic forest .
“the more we understand about where species live and what their lives are like , the more work we can do on conservation funding to try to combat species going extinct . ”
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warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .


vieja is a genus of fish from the family cichlidae .

the geographic distribution of the genus is limited to pacific slope of middle america from río tequistlán in mexico south to lago coatepeque in el salvador , atlantic slope of middle america from río chachalacas in mexico to río chagres in panama .

only vieja maculicauda extends south past northern middle america .

vieja

casa vieja # 1 711 e . main street , suite 100 , hendersonville , tn 37075
here are the most popular phrases with
vieja .
click the phrases to see the full entry .
casa vieja # 2 - ( next to walmart ) 206 n . anderson lane , suite a100 , hendersonville , tn 37075
paratheraps : a number of species were listed here , however , the last update of paratheraps happened in 2008 , so i’m unsure of how up - to - date this particular grouping is . i will assume these all to be vieja species and include them below .
such as its masculine form , vieja may mean
a certain woman
, also
a female sexual companion or partner
, or
sweetheart , honey
, but may have a derogative context , specially when applied to a woman unrelated to the man who says it , or when using a bad tone or said with sexual connotation .
today’s word of the day is “vieja” . it is a spanish word . it is the feminine case of the word meaning “old” , with “viejo” being the masculine . now , this may be obvious in places where spanish is the primary or secondary language spoken , but in eclectic , multicultural toronto that is this wonderful melting pot of ethnicity , where there is no clear majority of anything , pronunciations have been known to get a little bit wonky . fyi – to pronounce it correctly , say the letter v , the letter a and then laugh out loud – the correct pronunciation is vee - eh - ha…
in late 2010 , a review of the vieja genus was suggested , which would break apart the above family into three groups , putting the three smallest species into theraps , including : v . godmanni , v . intermedia and v . microphthalmus . two species were stuck back in “cichlasoma” , which include : v . heterospila and v . tuyrensis , for future re - classification . the remaining bulk of the species ( including all my favourites ) were put into paraneetroplus or herichthys , including : v . argentea , v . bifasciata , v . breidohri , v . fenestrata , v . guttulata , v . hartwegi , v . maculicauda , v . melanura , v . regani , v . synspila and v . zonata ) , while v . heterospila was absent from the list . of course , none of this is official until tptb figure it all out and the dust settles , but still interesting nonetheless !
we ' ve combined the most accurate english to spanish translations , dictionary , verb conjugations , and spanish to english translators into one very powerful search box .
spanishdict is devoted to improving our site based on user feedback and introducing new and innovative features that will continue to help people learn and love the spanish language . have a suggestion , idea , or comment ? send us your feedback .
this page was last edited on 29 january 2018 , at 17 : 27 .
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spanish for old lady as in girlfriend or wife . while old lady can be used in english for mother , it & apos ; s usually not in spanish .
old lady . can also mean whore in slang in other parts of mexico .
medium - 7 . 00 or large ( to - go only ) - 13 . 00
stuffed flour tortilla with your choice of chunks of beef or spicy chicken , deep - fried to a golden brown and then topped with cheese sauce , lettuce , sour cream , guacamole and pico de gallo . served with mexican rice and refried beans .
four rolled corn tortillas filled with cheese and covered with grilled chicken , lettuce , tomatoes , sour cream and jalapeño cheese .
three cheese enchiladas topped with grilled tomatoes , onions , bell peppers and enchilada sauce . served with sour cream and guacamole salad .
four rolled corn tortillas – one beef , one chicken , one cheese and one bean . topped with enchilada sauce , cheese , lettuce , tomatoes and sour cream .
corn tortilla chips with chicken or beef , covered with our special ranchero sauce and melted cheese . served with rice and salad .
cheese nachos with assorted toppings of beef , shredded chicken and refried beans . all covered with lettuce , tomatoes and sour cream .
a large flour tortilla filled with seasoned ground beef or shredded chicken breast . topped with cheese , lettuce , tomatoes and sour cream . served with mexican rice and refried beans .
flour tortilla with grilled bell peppers , onions , tomatoes and cheese . served with mexican rice , refried beans and salad .
special marinated chicken breast over diced lettuce and topped with cheese , onions , tomatoes and bell peppers .
crispy flour tortilla filled with ground beef or chicken or rice and beans , cheese , lettuce , tomatoes , guacamole and sour cream .
four rolled , crispy corn tortillas filled with shredded chicken or beef chunks . served with refried beans and salad .
grilled cheese quesadilla filled with your choice of al pastor , chorizo , chicken or steak and grilled onions , peppers , tomatoes and cheese . served with mexican rice , refried beans , lettuce , tomatoes and sour cream . shrimp - $ 11 . 99
* these dishes are served with lettuce , sour cream and tomatoes . substitutions , add 1 . 50 .
these dishes are served with mexican rice , refried beans , lettuce , tomatoes and corn or flour tortillas . for cheese sauce or guacamole over food , add 1 . 50
a combination of tender , thin - sliced steak , chicken breast , pork chops , mexican sausage ( chorizo ) and quesadillas . all prepared with our chef’s special marinade , then charcoal - grilled . served with tomatoes and avocado slices .
a 12 oz . charcoal - grilled t - bone steak topped with grilled onions , tomatoes and bell peppers .
a 12 oz . charcoal - grilled t - bone steak topped with red or green sauce .
a 12 oz . charcoal - grilled t - bone served with a cheese enchilada , rice and a tossed salad .
grilled chicken breast with grilled onions , peppers and tomatoes . served with rice and beans .
a combination of tender , thinly - sliced steak , chicken breast , shrimp , fish fillet and mexican sausage ( chorizo ) . all prepared with our chef’s special marinade then charcoal - grilled . served with a cheese quesadilla , tomatoes and avocado slices .
marinated sirloin steak , chicken breast or a mix of both grilled together with our traditional mexican bacon seasoning , bell peppers and onions . covered with melted cheese .
our sizzling version of our famous steak or chicken fajitas on a bed of crispy tortilla chips . covered with melted jalapeño cheese sauce . add lettuce , sour cream and tomatoes , 1 . 50 extra .
beef , chicken and shrimp on a bed of crispy tortilla chips . covered with melted jalapeño cheese sauce .
a crisp , fried flour tortilla with melted cheese sauce and topped with steak or chicken fajitas and covered with lettuce , cheese , sour cream , guacamole and tomatoes .
a large , grilled quesadilla filled with marinated , grilled sirloin strips or chicken breast with grilled onions , bell peppers and cheese . served with lettuce , sour cream and tomatoes .
a large baked potato filled with grilled steak or chicken and topped with melted cheese , lettuce and sour cream .
a large flour tortilla filled with slow - cooked shredded pork , chicken or steak and topped with cheese sauce , lettuce , tomatoes and avocado slices .
a combination of marinated , grilled fish fillet , fried jumbo shrimp , stuffed quesadillas , fish and shrimp and pico de gallo ( ceviche ) . served with sliced avocado , tomatoes , special mexican rice and salad .
ten large grilled shrimp cooked with red chile sauce , grilled onions , tomatoes and jalapeño peppers . served with mexican rice , refried beans and tortillas .
a large quesadilla filled with ten large shrimp grilled together with ham , pineapple and cheese . served with lettuce , sour cream and tomatoes .
ten jumbo shrimp deep - fried to a golden brown , then wrapped with bacon and cheese . served with mexican rice and salad .
chef’s special marinated queen tilapia , deep - fried to a golden brown . served with mexican rice , salad and tortillas .
shrimp cocktail . ten steamed , large shrimp served with chopped avocados , pico de gallo and cocktail sauce .
shrimp soup . twelve steamed , large shrimp boiled with a mix of vegetables in our chef’s special soup recipe .
a combination of shrimp and fish boiled with a mix of vegetables in our chef’s special soup recipe .
twelve large shrimp grilled together with ham and pineapple and covered with melted cheese . served with salad .
three char - grilled or fried fish fillets with lettuce and pico de gallo .
baked in a special veracruz salsa with cooked onions , tomatoes and green peppers .
deep - fried to a golden brown , served with chef’s special tartar sauce .
our delicious fajitas are prepared with grilled onions , bell peppers and tomatoes on a sizzling platter , then marinated with our special sauce and served with mexican rice and refried beans . garnished with lettuce , pico de gallo , guacamole , sour cream and corn or flour tortillas .
chicken , steak , shrimp , chorizo ( mexican sausage ) and beef ribs .
soft corn tortilla served with chopped onions and cilantro with your choice of grilled steak , grilled chicken , al pastor , carnitas or chorizo ( mexican sausage ) . flour tortilla , add 50¢ .
a large , rolled flour tortilla filled with refried beans and your choice of grilled steak , grilled chicken , al pastor or carnitas . covered with cheese sauce , green sauce and cilantro .
mexican hot sub sandwich with your choice of grilled steak , grilled chicken , fried chicken , carnitas , al pastor , milanesa or ham and cheese . served with sliced avocado , jalapeños , onions , tomatoes and sour cream .
crispy corn tortilla filled with ground beef or shredded chicken , topped with lettuce and cheese . served with mexican rice and refried beans .
lunch hours : 11 : 00 a . m . to 3 : 00 p . m . mexican rice and refried beans served with express lunches . not available on sunday .
a crispy corn tortilla filled with seasoned ground beef or shredded chicken and topped with lettuce and cheese .
a soft corn tortilla stuffed with your choice of fillings and topped with enchilada gravy sauce and cheese .
soft corn patty stuffed with shredded pork and topped with cheese and red chile sauce .
large poblano pepper filled with cheese , then battered in a special tomato sauce .
flat corn crispy tortilla with ground beef and beans topped with lettuce , guacamole and tomatoes .
tortilla filled with steak or chicken fajita meat and topped with cheese sauce , lettuce , sour cream and tomatoes .
crispy flour tortilla filled with ground beef or spicy chicken and topped with cheese sauce , lettuce , sour cream and tomatoes .
a large flour tortilla filled with seasoned ground beef or chicken and topped with lettuce , sour cream and tomatoes , mexican rice and refried beans .
chicken , steak or mixed . served with mexican rice , refried beans , lettuce , tomatoes , sour cream and guacamole .
large baked potato with chicken or steak , served with lettuce and sour cream .
stuffed flour tortilla with your choice of chunks of beef or spicy , shredded chicken , deep - fried to a golden brown , then topped with cheese , sauce , lettuce , sour cream , guacamole and pico de gallo . served with mexican rice and refried beans .
marinated sirloin steak or chicken breast grilled together with our traditional mexican bacon seasoning , bell peppers and onions . covered with melted cheese .
grilled cheese quesadilla filled with your choice of al pastor , chicken or steak and grilled onions , peppers , tomatoes and cheese . served with mexican rice , refried beans , lettuce , tomatoes and sour cream .
chicken or beef flautas served with rice , beans , lettuce , sour cream and tomato .
premium silver tequila of your choice mixed with sangrita viuda de sanchez spicy fruit juice , lime and salt .
premium gold tequila of your choice mixed with squirt , grapefruit soda or coca - cola .
añejo or reposado tequila of your choice with grand marnier and our own special margarita recipe .
bud light • dos equis ( xx ) dark ( regular mug / large mug , or pitcher - 11 . 50 )
all fish & stay packages listed below are 3 days fishing and 4 nights lodging .
find your package price based on the size of gameboat you want to fish on .
we recommend that you purchase a travel protection plan to help protect you and your travel investment against the unexpected . travel protection plans include coverage for trip cancellation , trip interruption , emergency medical and emergency evacuation / repatriation , trip delay , baggage delay and more .
for more information on the recommended plans or to enroll , click here or contact travelex insurance services at 800 - 228 - 9792 and reference location number 09 - 0856 .
the product descriptions provided here are only brief summaries . the full coverage terms and details , including limitations and exclusions , are contained in the insurance policy . travelex ca agency license # 0d10209 . all products listed are underwritten by , berkshire hathaway specialty insurance company , naic # 22276 . e7n
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, select family and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the family .
, select country and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the country .
, select ecosystem and click on ' identification by pictures ' to display all available pictures in fishbase for the ecosystem .
cfm script by eagbayani , 30 . 11 . 04 , , php script by cmilitante , 05 / 11 / 2010 , last modified by cmilitante , 14 / 03 / 2013
we ' re constantly striving to improve our community to help make your monster fish keeping hobby fulfilling and interesting . comments are welcome .
is it a male or female ? how can i tell ? i find the fish has a similar attitude as my wife ; piss me off when i get home from work , my extra work , bully my friends , and expensive to maintain . so female ?
the only thin that comes to mind is synspila , because of the black body line .
the greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance , it is the illusion of knowledge . stephen hawking
just say to yourself in your head dovii ' s only have two predators , man , and caimans . . . . . and that is why they are the greatest . . . . and remember that when you buy any other fish they just get wned : i love to cause trouble . . and mayhem . . cranston terror squad . .
fourteen über - large fish ( most ranging from 25 - 35 cm ) that originate from central america . this includes
( tuyra or firebrand cichlid ) , v . ufermanni ( usumacinta cichlids ) and
the exact grouping depends which source you reference . regardless , they’re still beautiful fishes !
sorry to comment so much , but we have very similar fishrooms in terms of stock . what do you feed your fenes ? or if thats not a fene its a guttulata , but whatever it is what do you feed it ? i have a large fene that is a very picky eater , i’m always looking for the right food for him but he dosen’t like many of the foods i can find .
yup , it’s a fenestratum , all right . she doesn’t really care what she’s fed , gobbling pretty much anything from hikari pellets to tetra color bits to live earthworms to frozen bloodworms to flake food . i try to switch it up a bit so the smaller fish get their share without making too much of a mess , but i’d say anything round and pellet - like is a definite favourite . maybe try spiking the food with entice , garlic or some other kind of scent enhancer ? i’m not completely convinced these things work , but can’t hurt to try .
i think the main problem is my fene was already very large when i got him ( 7 - 8 in ) . because of this he has a number of strange idiosyncracies that i hardly understand , the most frustrating of which is that he absoluteley refuses to eat while there are people in the room .
because of this i’m never sure what he’s eating , or what he likes . do you ever give yours vegetables ? ive heard fene are more vegetarian than carnivorous , though mine has only eaten vegetables once , and out of all the different kinds i tried , it was broccoli . he ate one peice then never ate it again .
wow , beautiful fishes ! i’ve been looking for v . breidohri juvenile , do you sell any ?
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
freshwater ; benthopelagic ; ph range : 7 . 5 - ? . tropical ; 24°c - 30°c ( ref . 7335 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 16 . 8 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 36377 )
inhabits lower to middle river valleys as well as lakes . found over rocks , sand , silt , or mud . maximum length 25 cm sl ( ref . 7335 ) .
conkel , d . , 1993 . cichlids of north and central america . t . f . h . publications , inc . , usa . ( ref . 7335 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5039 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 03162 ( 0 . 01397 - 0 . 07157 ) , b = 2 . 99 ( 2 . 80 - 3 . 18 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 6 ±0 . 2 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 24 of 100 ) .
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