psilocorsis amydra is a moth in the depressariidae family .

it was described by hodges in 1961 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from arizona .

psilocorsis amydra

psilocorsis amydra hodges , 1961 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 104 , f . 1 , 4 , 7 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , santa cruz co . , arizona
psilocorsis amydra ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 93 , pl . 5 , f . 45 ; [ nacl ] , # 958 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
cryptolechia ( psilocorsis ) propriella zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 261 ; tl : bogota
psilocorsis quercicella clemens , 1860 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 12 : 212 ; tl : [ pennsylvania ? ]
psilocorsis indalma walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 118 ; tl : guatemala , totonicapam , 8500 - 10000ft
psilocorsis fatula hodges , 1975 ; j . lep . soc . 29 ( 2 ) : 91 ; tl : texas , culberson co . , guadalupe mtns , smith canyon , 5750ft
psilocorsis argyropasta walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 118 , pl . 4 , f . 8 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
psilocorsis fatula ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 55 ; [ nacl ] , # 959 . 1 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
psilocorsis purpurascens walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 119 , pl . 4 , f . 7 ; tl : guatemala , volcan de atitlan , 2500 - 3500ft
psilocorsis cirrhoptera hodges , 1961 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 108 , f . 3 , 5 , 8 ; tl : upper camp , pinery canyon , chiricahua mts . , cochise co . , arizona
psilocorsis arguta hodges , 1961 ; bull . brooklyn ent . soc . 56 ( 4 ) : 106 , f . 2 , 6 , 9 ; tl : madera canyon , 5600 ' , santa rita mts , santa cruz co . , arizona
psilocorsis arguta ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 93 , pl . 5 , f . 46 ; [ nacl ] , # 959 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
psilocorsis cirrhoptera ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 93 , pl . 5 , f . 44 ; [ nacl ] , # 960 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
psilocorsis cryptolechiella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 91 , pl . 5 , f . 38 - 39 ; [ nacl ] , # 956 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
psilocorsis quercicella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 90 , pl . 5 , f . 34 - 37 ; [ nacl ] , # 955 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
psilocorsis reflexella ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 92 , pl . 5 , f . 40 - 43 ; [ nacl ] , # 957 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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hodges , r . w . , 1974 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 6 . 2 , p . 93 ; pl . 5 . 45 . order
powell , jerry a . 1973 . a systematic monograph of new world ethmiid moths . smithsonian contributions to zoology , 120 .
powell , jerry a . and p . a . opler . 1996 . moths of western north america 4 . distribution of
oecophoridae
( sense of hodges 1983 ) of western north america . c . p . gillette insect biodiversity museum colorado state university .
bruce walsh . jbwalsh @ urltoken . comments , correction and additions most welcome . to get to my home page .
= cryptolechia ; wang , 2003 , ent . sinica 9 ( 3 ) : 195
= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 90 ; [ nacl ] , 12
larva on quercus hypoleucoides hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 93
paepia carpocapsella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 829
= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 92 ; [ nacl ] , # 956 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 92 ; [ nacl ] , # 956 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
larva on quercus , castanea dentata , robinia , myrica pensylvanica hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 92
cryptolechia exagitata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 10 ) : 319 ; tl : colombia , sosomoko , 2650ft
melanophthalma ( meyrick , 1929 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 513
cryptolechia minerva meyrick , 1928 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 14 - 15 ) : 477 ; tl : colombia , mt tolima , 12500ft
nova scotia - florida - texas , w . arkansas . see [ maps ]
larva on quercus , fagus grandifolia , castanea dentata hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 91
s . ontario , s . quebec - florida - texas , wisconsin . see [ maps ]
= ; hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 92 ; [ nacl ] , # 957 ; [ nhm card ]
larva on quercus , fagus , carya , populus , acer , tilia , corylus hodges , 1974 , moths amer . n of mexico 6 . 2 : 93
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ ² ] this may require parentheses or not . i don ' t have the necessary information for this taxon .
the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 6 . 2 . gelechioidea , oecophoridae
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
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lycaena rubidus , the ruddy copper , is a butterfly of the lycaenidae family .

it is found in the western mountains of north america .

the wingspan is 28 – 32 mm .

adults are on wing from mid-july to early august .

the larvae feed on rumex hymenosepalus , r. triangularis , and r. venosus .

lycaena rubidus

ruddy copper lycaena rubidus below 8 - 8 - 99 pinedale , sublette co . wy
ruddy copper lycaena rubidus above 8 - 6 - 99 pinedale , sublette co . wy
lycaena rubidus ferrisi k . johnson and balogh , 1977 – ' white mountains ' ruddy copper
' white mountains ' ruddy copper lycaena rubidus ferrisi 7 - 30 - 99 alpine , apache co . az
ruddy copper lycaena rubidus above 7 - 21 - 95 east of devil ' s gate pass , mono co . ca
' white mountains ' ruddy copper lycaena rubidus ferrisi above . 7 - 30 - 99 alpine , apache co . az
' white mountains ' ruddy copper lycaena rubidus ferrisi f above . 7 - 30 - 99 alpine , apache co . az
opler , p . 2004 .
butterflies of utah - - lycaena rubidus
( on - line ) . accessed 12 / 21 / 04 at urltoken .
to cite this page : watt , l . 2001 .
lycaena rubidus
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
males of rubidus are an intense reddish - copper colour , and very faintly marked with suffused dark spots . the iridescence on females is yellowish - orange , and the spots on their uppersides are dark and very prominent . the markings on the underside hindwings of both sexes are faint or absent .
diagnosis : as with most coppers , the males and females differ in coloration . it is most easily recognized by its white undersides , with heavy black spots on the forewings . the male upperside is a deep copper , somewhat darker on the hindwings with only faint black spots . the female has orange forewings with prominent black spots and an orange submarginal zigzag band on the hindwing upperside . wingspan : 28 to 32 mm .
range : essentially a butterfly of mountains and adjacent prairie in the western u . s . , it reaches into canada only in southern alberta and southwestern saskatchewan .
similar species : the lustrous copper ( l . cuprea ) is darker and more heavily spotted . the female of the blue copper ( l . heteronea ) looks similar , but lacks the orange band on the hindwing upperside . [ compare images ]
early stages : scott ( 1986 ) describes the larvae as being brown with a dark reddish mid - dorsal band edged by yellow . in the u . s . they feed on dock ( rumex spp . ) . in saskatchewan adults are most often seen in the vicinity of sand dock ( rumex venosus ) ( hooper , 1973 ) .
abundance : this is not considered a common butterfly in canada . however , it can be seen in numbers in the great sand hills north of tompkins , saskatchewan ( hooper , 1973 ) .
habits : the ruddy copper prefers drier habitats than most other coppers . it flies very rapidly , often nectaring at flowers .
remarks : its fiery orange upperside and contrasting white underside make this a very conspicuous species when it stops to feed on flowers . in arizona , ants were observed removing newly laid eggs of this butterfly , leading to speculation that , like other lycaenids , there is an association between the larvae and ants ( dornfeld , 1980 ) .
© 2002 . this material is reproduced with permission from the butterflies of canada by ross a . layberry , peter w . hall , and j . donald lafontaine . university of toronto press ; 1998 . specimen photos courtesy of john t . fowler .
upperside of male bright red - orange ; female duller orange - brown to dark brown . underside of both sexes gray - white to gray - yellow ; hindwing with or without muted black spots .
males perch in open areas and along streams or gulches to watch for females . eggs are laid singly on or near the base of the host plant . eggs hibernate .
one flight from june - july at lower elevations ; from july - august at higher elevations .
dry gravelly or sandy areas such as arid streamsides , sagebrush , scrub , dry fields , alluvial washes .
british columbia east to north dakota ; south to central california , and northern new mexico .
not usually required . nature conservancy rank : g - 5 , demonstrably secure globally , though it may be quite rare in parts of its range , especially at the periphery .
is found only in the united states and canada . it can be spotted in the region that spreads from british colombia and east to north dakota . it is also found in south to central california and northern new mexico .
ruddy coppers live in sandy or dry , gravelly areas such as scrub , dry fields , prairies , arid streams , and alluvial washes .
has a wingspan of 2 . 9 - 4 . 1 cm . the upperside of the male is bright red - orange , and the upperside of the female is a duller orange - brown to dark brown . the hindwings of both sometimes exhibit muted black spots . the undersides of both male and female are gray - white to gray - yellow .
ruddy coppers go through four main life stages on their way to becoming a butterfly : the egg , the caterpillar ( larva ) , the chrysalis ( pupa ) , and finally the butterfly ( adult ) .
ruddy coppers go through four main life stages on their way to becoming a butterfly : the egg , the caterpillar ( larva ) , the chrysalis ( pupa ) , and finally the butterfly ( adult ) . in order for this process to begin , however , the butterflies must mate . these butterflies , like all butterflies , reproduce sexually . a male
is inactive during the chrysalis stage and avoids predation by using camouflage . during the last portion of the chrysalis stage , the cocoon becomes translucent and shows the colors of the butterfly . shortly after this , the butterfly emerges from the cocoon as a full adult , ready to mate and continue the life cycle .
has one flight from mid - june through july at low latitudes and from mid - july through august for latitudes .
the caterpillar secretes a sugary fluid from many small glands in its body wall . this fluid attracts red
, which begins a mutualistic relationship between caterpillar and ant . the caterpillar provides the red ants with sugary food and the ants protect the caterpillar from predators . they also take the caterpillar to a nest , which the ants have built , where it remains , through the pupa stage , until it becomes a butterfly in the spring .
female ruddy coppers use chemical cues to find appropriate host plants on which to oviposit .
eats different foods while in its different life stages . as a larvae , or caterpillar , it feeds off of petals and bracts of flowers or upon delicate terminal leaves of the dock ( rumex ) species in the buckwheat family . the adult form , the butterfly , feeds off of flower nectar .
, helps in the pollination process for flowering plants . butterfly watching has also become a very enjoyable nature activity .
ruddy copper butterflies do not cause any harm to humans during the butterfly stage . however , during the larval stage they do consume the leaves of plants , which some humans may consider valuable .
is generally not threatened , however , it may be rare in the periphery of its range .
loren watt ( author ) , southwestern university , stephanie fabritius ( editor ) , southwestern university .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
in deserts low ( less than 30 cm per year ) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity . vegetation is typically sparse , though spectacular blooms may occur following rain . deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate . in dune areas vegetation is also sparse and conditions are dry . this is because sand does not hold water well so little is available to plants . in dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded by the influence of salt in the air and soil . salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots .
humans benefit economically by promoting tourism that focuses on the appreciation of natural areas or animals . ecotourism implies that there are existing programs that profit from the appreciation of natural areas or animals .
having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment ; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature .
a large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows . in insects ,
incomplete metamorphosis
is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form , and
complete metamorphosis
is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms . butterflies have complete metamorphosis , grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother ' s body .
that region of the earth between 23 . 5 degrees north and 60 degrees north ( between the tropic of cancer and the arctic circle ) and between 23 . 5 degrees south and 60 degrees south ( between the tropic of capricorn and the antarctic circle ) .
a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .
a grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .
a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
is unsatisfactory and in need of revision . the genus is loosely split into several unofficial groupings , which ultimately will be classified as sub - genera or new genera . under existing classification there are about 70
species , variously distributed across temperate regions of the world . there are 17 species in north america .
the egg is white and is laid singly on a stem or leaf of rumex or oxyria ( polygonaceae ) . the egg overwinters , and may be submerged for several weeks . the caterpillar when fully grown is brown with a yellow - edged reddish dorsal stripe . the pupa is pale buff , heavily mottled with black .
males perch on low herbage , with wings held half open , to await and intercept passing females . both sexes nectar at a wide range of flowers .
all photographs , text & website design are the property of adrian hoskins unless otherwise stated , and are protected by copyright . photographs or text must not be published elsewhere in part or in whole without prior written consent of adrian hoskins .
resident in western north america ( scott 1986 ) . habitats are upper sonoran to hudsonian zone streamsides and valley bottoms in woodland , prairie , and sagebrush . hosts plants are usually herbaceous with most known hosts from polygonaceae , especially genus rumex . eggs are laid at or near the base host plant , singly . individuals overwinter as eggs . there is one flight each year with the approximate flight time jun15 - jul31 at lower altitude , july15 - aug30 at high altitudes ( scott 1986 ) .
miller , j . 1992 . the common names of north american butterflies . washington and london : smithsonian institute press .
safra , j . 1998 . encyclopedia britannica volume 2 . chicago : encyclopedia britannica inc . .
global range : ( > 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( greater than 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) holarctic . in north america , sierra and cascade mountains ( british columbia to central california ) , east to eastern rocky mountains from alberta south to n . arizona and new mexico .
grzimek , b . 1972 . grzimek ' s animal life encyclopedia volume 2 : insects . new york : van nostrand reinhold co . .
scott , j . 1986 . the butterflies of north america . stanford , california : stanford university press .
comments : open , dry areas : sagebrush , scrub . watercourses in arid areas . hosts include rumex hymenosepalus , r . triangularis . noted by ( layberry et al . ( 1998 ) as preferring drier places than most coppers .
non - migrant : no . all populations of this species make significant seasonal migrations .
locally migrant : no . no populations of this species make local extended movements ( generally less than 200 km ) at particular times of the year ( e . g . , to breeding or wintering grounds , to hibernation sites ) .
locally migrant : no . no populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km .
note : for many non - migratory species , occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations .
holland , w . 1898 . the butterfly book . new york : doubleday , page and company .
o ' toole , c . 1986 . encyclopedia of insects . new york : facts on file publications .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there is 1 barcode sequence available from bold and genbank .
below is the sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
is 28–32 mm . adults are on wing from mid - july to early august .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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global range : subspecies ' ranges disjunct . nominate subspecies , oregon south to baja california , mexico . subspecies dione , prairies of the great plains from alberta south to oklahoma ; west as far as illinois . range of dione expanding in east .
wetland edges , moist meadows and weedy , disturbed areas where dock ( rumex ) grows .
the larvae feed on docks ( rumex crispus , r . occidentalis ) on the canadian prairies ( layberry et al . 1998 ) . adults nectar at thistles ( cirsium spp . ) , alfalfa ( medicago sativa ) and yellow sweet clover ( melilotis sp . ) ( hooper 1973 , bird et al . 1995 , guppy & shepard 2001 ) .
the singly yearly flight occurs between late june and early september , peaking in mid july .
eggs are laid on the leaf underside of the foodplant , and , the larva is green with a dark green or reddish dorsal stripe when mature ( opler & krizek 1984 ) . males will chase other passing butterflies ( bird et al . 1995 ) .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . no available public dna sequences . download fasta file
sujeevan ratnasingham , paul d . n . hebert , barcode of life data systems ( bold )
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engraulisoma taeniatum is a species of characiform fish that is found in argentina , brazil , ecuador and peru .

it is found in the basins of the paraguay and napo rivers .

is the sole member of its genus .

engraulisoma taeniatum

froese , rainer and pauly , daniel , eds . ( 2011 ) .
engraulisoma taeniatum
in fishbase . october 2011 version .
this page is based on the copyrighted wikipedia article engraulisoma taeniatum ; it is used under the creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license ( cc - by - sa ) . you may redistribute it , verbatim or modified , providing that you comply with the terms of the cc - by - sa
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greek , eggraulis , - eos = anchovy + greek , soma = body ( ref . 45335 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 4 . 2 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 27925 )
lima , f . c . t . , l . r . malabarba , p . a . buckup , j . f . pezzi da silva , r . p . vari , a . harold , r . benine , o . t . oyakawa , c . s . pavanelli , n . a . menezes , c . a . s . lucena , m . c . s . l . malabarba , z . m . s . lucena , r . e . reis , f . langeani , c . moreira et al . … , 2003 . genera incertae sedis in characidae . p . 106 - 168 . in r . e . reis , s . o . kullander and c . j . ferraris , jr . ( eds . ) checklist of the freshwater fishes of south and central america . porto alegre : edipucrs , brasil . ( ref . 38376 )
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00794 ( 0 . 00252 - 0 . 02499 ) , b = 3 . 02 ( 2 . 77 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
oliveira , c . , avelino , g . s . , abe , k . t . , mariguela , t . c . , benine , r . c . , orti , g . , vari , r . p . , & correa e castro , r . m . ( 2011 ) : phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family characidae ( teleostei : ostariophysi : characiformes ) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling . bmc evolutionary biology , 11 : 275 . doi : 10 . 1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 11 - 275
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the ash-breasted tit-tyrant ( anairetes alpinus ) is a species of bird in the family tyrannidae .

it is found in bolivia and peru .

its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .

it is threatened by habitat loss .

ash - breasted tit - tyrant

nobody uploaded videos for ash - breasted tit - tyrant ( anairetes alpinus ) yet .
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ash - breasted tit - tyrant is a small , rare , flycatcher found in peru and in bolivia . this species is found in a few , highly disjunct sites in the high andes , where it inhabits patches of polylepis woodland with shrubby undergrowth between 3700 and 4600 meters in elevation . it is dark gray overall with a long , forked crest , white hindcrown patch , black wings with white wing bars and flight feather edging , yellow - white belly , and black tail with white outer rectrices . due to loss of its polylepis habitat , the ash - breasted tit - tyrant is considered to be endangered by the iucn red list .
the ash - breasted tit - tyrant is only found in semi - humid mixed polylepis woodland , a high altitude habitat dominated by shrubs and grasses that is unique to the andes , between 3 , 700 and 4 , 500 metres . it is most abundant in mature woodlands that support a rich diversity of insects ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
the ash - breasted tit - tyrant is found in several widely separated populations , scattered across the peruvian and bolivian andes . a . a . alpinus is found in the cordilleras central and occidental in north - western peru , while a . a . bolivianus is found in the cordillera oriental , peru , and the cordillera real , bolivia ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
fitzpatrick , j . & sharpe , c . j . ( 2018 ) . ash - breasted tit - tyrant ( anairetes alpinus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
most tyrant flycatchers are monogamous , and remain with their partner year round , often fiercely defending permanent territories . vocalisations of weak whistles and warbled notes , most often at dawn , are used to maintain territories , while males also use calls in courtship displays ( 5 ) . breeding in the ash - breasted tit - tyrant appears to take place late in the dry season with the female constructing a small , compact , cup - shaped nest in a bush ( 4 ) . the female will then incubate the clutch of eggs , whilst the male defends the territory and nest site ( 5 ) .
a little studied , inconspicuous species , the biology of the ash - breasted tit tyrant is poorly understood ( 4 ) . observed foraging in both small family groups and alone , this tiny bird gleans insects from the outer branches of shrubs and small trees . it may also alight upon an exposed perch , and make repeated forays to catch insects out of the air , and will occasionally drop to the ground or climb tree trunks to catch prey ( 4 ) ( 5 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
13 cm . plain , grey - and - white , tyrannulet . dark grey above , inconspicuously streaked blackish on mantle . long and narrow , black bifurcated crest , exposing white in crown . dark wings with two bold white wing - bars and edgings . long black tail with white outer rectrices . ashy - grey below , with centre of belly yellowish - white in nominate , white in
this species has a very small population and is confined to a habitat which is severely fragmented and undergoing a continuing decline in extent , area , and quality . it is consequently listed as endangered .
, with the population at abra málaga estimated as c . 20 - 30 birds ( engblom
. in bolivia it is locally common at the north end of the cordillera real in the cordillera apolobamba , and the total bolivian population was estimated at 150 - 300 birds in 2007 ( i . gómez
. the total population is perhaps in the mid - or upper hundreds , but estimates vary , and there have been several recent discoveries that have extended the known range of this species ( g . engblom
the population is estimated to number 250 - 999 individuals ( g . servat in litt . 1999 , g . engblom in litt . 2000 ) . this equates to 167 - 666 mature individuals , rounded here to 150 - 700 mature individuals . trend justification : this species ' s population is suspected to be experiencing a moderate and ongoing decline , in line with habitat loss and degradation within its range .
woodland at 3 , 700 - 4 , 500 m . in the runtacocha highland stronghold ,
woodland is mature and has several strata that may provide a richer supply of insects . in bolivia it is known only from
. immatures have been collected in march and july , a pair feeding young were recorded in december and in the cordillera apolobamba an active nest was found in november ( i . gómez
. 2003 , 2007 ) . territory size has been estimated at between 1 and 2 ha , and the species does not appear to persist in forest fragments smaller than 1 ha ( i . gómez
. the change from camelid to sheep - and cattle - farming , erosion and soil degradation caused by agricultural intensification and afforestation , especially where exotic tree species ( e . g .
woodland in cuzco halved during the 1980s , and over 90 % of the forests in which the species has been recorded in bolivia show human disturbance ( gómez 2009 ) .
fjeldså and kessler 1996 ) . small numbers have been found within río abiseo national park , la libertad , and cotapata national park , la paz ( a . b . hennessey
. 2000 , vogel and hennessey 2002 ) . the madidi and apolobamba national parks protect part of the cordillera apolobamba , probably the most important area for the species in bolivia ( i . gómez
. conduct studies to ascertain its precise ecological requirements , habitat requirements , population and distribution ( i . gómez
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classified as endangered ( en ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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incubate to keep eggs warm so that development is possible . monogamous having only one mate during a breeding season , or throughout the breeding life of a pair . nominate subspecies the subspecies indicated by the repetition of the specific name . subspecies a population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species , but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species .
birdlife international ( 2002 ) threatened birds of the americas . birdlife international , cambridge , uk .
perrins , c . ( 2009 ) the encyclopedia of birds . oxford university press , oxford .
fjeldsa , j . ( 2002 ) polylepis forests – vestiges of a vanishing ecosystem in the andes . ecotropica , 8 : 111 - 123 .
fjeldsa , j . ( 2002 ) key areas for conserving the avifauna of polylepis forests . ecotropica , 8 : 125 - 131 .
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) , version 1 . 0 . in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
formerly treated in monotypic genus yanacea , but plumage and molecular evidence indicate close relationship with a . flavirostris ; indeed , recent study # r found present species to be sister to pairing of a . flavirostris and a . parulus . two subspecies recognized .
( carriker , 1933 ) – w andean slope in n peru ( la libertad , ancash , lima ) .
( carriker , 1935 ) – se peru ( cuzco , apurímac ) and nw bolivia ( la paz ) .
13 cm ; 9–10 g . nominate race has black central crown feathers greatly elongated into thin , bifurcated crest , large semi - concealed crown patch pure white , forehead and . . .
juveniles in mar and jul in peru ( cuzco ) . a nest in s peru , containing 2 eggs in sept , was in a mature
endangered . restricted - range species : present in peruvian high andes eba and high andes of bolivia and argentina eba . rare and very local . recorded from about twelve mostly . . .
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highly speciose family , herein divided into nine subfamilies ( with ten tribes ) ; recent studies # r # r suggest that the first four listed ( platyrinchinae , pipritinae , tachurisinae , pipromorphinae ) are sister to rest of family , and may merit treatment as 1–4 separate families .
long replaced by name spizitornis , as present name was erroneously believed to be preoccupied .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
marc fasol , ken havard , nick athanas , steven _ sevillano , tomas grim , fabrice schmitt .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : anairetes alpinus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 547 side a track 174 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 547 side a track 173 seq . a )
id certainty 100 % . ( archiv . tape 547 side a track 162 seq . a )
habitat : polylepis . weather : cold , overcast . perch height : 2m . distance to observer : 8m . id - ed by : voice + sight . sex of main vocalizer : m . number vocalizing : 2 .
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anairetes alpinus alpinus : andes of peru ( n ancash . apurímac and cuzco )
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource , 2006 . 05 . 28 , website ( version 28 - may - 06 )
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tapena is a monotypic genus of butterflies in the family hesperiidae subfamily pyrginae .

the single species is tapena thwaitesi , the black angle .

the species is named after g. h. k. thwaites , the director of the botanical garden at peradeniya , sri lanka between 1849 and 1880 .

tapena

tapena ( hesperiidae ) moore , [ 1881 ] ; lepid . ceylon 1 ( 4 ) : 181 ; ts : tapena thwaitesi moore
file : yg _ black _ angle _ wsf _ tapena _ thwaitesi _ . jpg
tapena thwaitesi bornea ; [ bmp ] : 341 , pl . 53 , f . 13
file : yg _ black _ angle _ dsf _ tapena _ thwaitesi _ 02 . jpg
andré tapena -
. . . long ago , e papa . . . , mareva
[ thailand ] tapena thwaitesi ; godfrey , 1916 : 142 . ( chonburi : sriracha ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; godfrey , 1930 : 365 . ( chiang rai / chonburi : sriracha / west : me wong ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; evans , 1949 : 109 . ( siam ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; pinratana , 1985 : 31 , pl . 12 , fig . 46 . ( chiang mai / ratchaburi / chonburi / ranong ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; yamaguchi & aoki , 2000 : 249 , fig . 6♂ . ( mukdahan : phu sa duak bua ; phu mu ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; yamaguchi & aoki , 2002 : 9 . ( mukdahan : ban na lak ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; yamaguchi , aoki & akiyama , 2005 : 43 . ( mukdahan : phu hin khan ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; ek - amnuay , [ 2007 ] : 754 , pl . 346 , fig . h58a , ♂ , ♀ [ ♂ ] . ( chiang mai ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; kimura et al . , 2011 : 37 , fig . ♂ , ♂ ( un ) . ( kao khiewo ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; ek - amnuay , 2012 : 804 , pl . 370 , fig . h56a , ♂ , ♀ [ ♂ ] . ( chiang mai ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; s . sophonviwatkul , c . sunthornwiphat & t . laola , 2015 - : butterflies of thailand , fig . ♂ . ( chiang mai ) [ laos ] tapena thwaitesi ; osada , uémura & uehara , 1999 ; 222 , pl . 135 , fig . ♀ . ( oudomxay ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; nakamura & wakahara , 2012 ; 57 . [ vietnam ] tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; devyatkin & monastyrskii , 1999 ; 159 . ( central : vu quang ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; miyazaki , saito & saito , 2007b ; 6 , fig . h - 24 , ♂ . ( lam dong : dambri ; dai duc me ) tapena thwaitesi minuscula ; monastyrskii & devyatkin , 2015 ; 72 . ( c : ha tinh to lam dong )
we ' re sorry , tapena garnacha isn ' t currently available for delivery from stores near you . but plenty of awesome products are !
tapena thwaitesi moore , [ 1881 ] ; lepid . ceylon 1 ( 4 ) : 181 , pl . 67 , f . 2 , 2a ; tl : ceylon
thanks . we ' ll let you know when tapena garnacha is in your area . until then , continue shopping or check out our explore section for some drink inspiration .
tapena minuscula elwes & edwards , 1897 ; trans . zool . soc . lond . 14 ( 4 ) : 147 , pl . 18 , f . 18 ; tl : n . burma
tapena sweet red takes inspiration from these young , flavorful , country wines : dark , but sun - ripened sweet , fresh and spicy with blackberry and cocoa flavors and a velvety , smooth finish .
this hesperiid is one of the species which was not recorded in singapore by the earlier researchers . this species , tapena thwaitesi bornea , is therefore a new record for singapore . it flies rapidly and settles in the usual
snow flat
type of posture , with its wings fully outspread .
on : tapena minuscula elwes & edwards , 1897 od : trans . zool . soc . lond . 14 ( 4 ) : 147 , pl . 18♂ , fig . 18 ; pl . 22 . fig . 17 . tl : bernardmyo , n . burma . ( nhml ) distribution : myanmar , thailand , laos , c . vietnam .
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chiang mai : chiang dao dist . 1♂ ; san sai dist . 1♂ ; mae on dist . 2♂ ( incl . photo )
bolikhamxai : keng sa doc , 1♂ ( photo by h . onodera ) .
elwes , h . j . & j . edwards , 1897 : a revision of the oriental hesperiidae .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
the butterflies of the malay peninsula . fourth edition revised by j . n . eliot with plates by bernard d ' abrera
moore , [ 1881 ] the lepidoptera of ceylon lepid . ceylon 1 ( 1 ) : 1 - 40 , pl . 1 - 18 ( dec 1880 ) , ( 2 ) : 41 - 80 , pl . 19 - 36 ( jan 1881 ) , ( 3 ) : 81 - 136 , pl . 37 - 54 ( jun 1881 ) , ( 4 ) : 137 - 190 , pl . 55 - 71 ( dec 1881 )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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a monotypic genus ranging from sri lanka to malaysia . note the significant differences in wing pattern between the wet and dry season forms in the title illustrations .
corbet as , pendlebury hm , and eliot jn . 1992 . the butterflies of the malay peninsula . malayan nature society , kuala lumpur .
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intense ruby red color with violet - blue undertones characteristic of young red wines . this is a classic tempranillo , showing intense flavors of earth , plums and violets over a hint of orange peel . it is full and luscious in the palate , rich in ripe fruits and fine tannins , with a great balance and lingering finish .
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import wine of the year tapeña ( tah - pay - nyah ) is the ideal complement for an evening of food and conversation among close friends . in spain , going for tapas ( tah - paz ) is the american equivalent of bar hopping with an epicurean twist . at every taberna , tapas ( small plates ) are served communal style - each person is armed with a glass of wine and a fork . peña ( pay - nyah ) is slang for a group of close friends . put the two together with tapeña , and everyone is speaking the same language !
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tribute to nz and to maori people . cook islands community performs a song in nz , beautiful perform with the
poi
( a ball on a cord ) dancers . . . the poi dance was originally used by the maori women for keeping their hands flexible for weaving and by the men for strength and coordination required . . . la dance du poi ( balle attachée au bout d ' une corde ) est traditionelement utilisée par les femmes maori de nouvelle zélande et ce pour maintenir la fléxibilité de leurs mains pour le tissage , la force et l ' adresse pour les hommes . . .
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the upperside is dark brown , obscurely marked with dark blotchy spots . the forewings feature two to three small white hyaline subapical spots .
refer to the butterflycirlce ' s blog article - life history of the dark flat .
this checklist is updated regularly and validated in consultation with dr laurence g kirton ( forest research institute of malaysia ) , and previously , the late col john n eliot , ( of the butterflies of the malay peninsula , edition 4 ) . contributions to the sightings and latest additions to the singapore checklist are with special thanks to the hardworking members of butterflycircle .
singapore is home to 324 species of butterflies , that are feeding on 188 species of hostplants .
the latest update in 2008 is consistent with the recent re - classification developments and updates to c & p4 ; in the malaysian nature journal 59 ( 1 ) , pp 1 - 49 , and dna mapping of the family nymphalidae by wahlberg et al , whereby the subfamilies nymphalinae , heliconiinae , limenitidinae , cyrestinae and apaturinae are now applicable to the singapore checklist . the family riodinidae , which was earlier placed as a subfamily of lycaenidae , has also been reinstated to the family level .
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description : the upperside is dark brown , obscurely marked with dark blotchy spots . the forewings feature two to three small white hyaline subapical spots .
the species is a forest butterfly and has neen observed only in the central catchment reserves .
a recent discovery in singapore . this species was not observed in singapore by the early authors and was first seen in the late 1990s .
its habitat is protected within the central nature reserves , but additional management of its food plants might be necessary .
davison , g . w . h . , ng , p . k . l . & ho , h . c ( eds . ) . 2008 . the singapore red data book ( 2nd edition ) . singapore : nature society ( singapore ) . 285pp
khew , s . k . 2010 . a field guide to the butterflies of singapore . singapore : ink on paper communications pte ltd . 342pp
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opening with powerful violet - red hues , this wine has a tremendous concentration of ripe cherries and juicy candied fruits . the palate is intense in rich , ripe , dark fruits balanced by soft tannins and a lovely spicy mouthfeel . it is well structured , soft but lively , ending with a lingering velvety finish . - see more at : urltoken
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its brilliant violet hue and seductive nose whisper ' try me , now ' as you bring the wine to your lips . in the mouth , there is a rush of dark fruit with an underlying bright spice , including hints of rosemary , thyme and just a trace of sage . as the wine opens on the palate there is an intense minerality . tapeña garnacha is full - bodied , but still lively , with rounded tannins which combine with the fruit to produce a velvet finish .
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pomegranate fruit with a lighter body . tastes like a wine from the south of france . - w . blake gray
ranked among the top 10 wines from this region with respect to number of prizes won : the 2011 vintage was awarded silver from the san francisco international wine competition as well as silver from the critics challenge wine competition .
above average in popularity among wines from this region . the popularity of this wine has increased considerably over the past year .
grenache ( garnacha ) is a red - wine grape grown extensively in france , spain , australia and the united states . it is particularly versatile both in the vineyard and the winery , which may explain why it is one of the most widely distributed grapes in the world .
grenache is the french ( and most internationally recognized ) name for the grape , but it has a number of synonyms . in spain , where it is one of the country ' s flagship varieties , it is known as garnacha , and on the island of sardinia it has been known for centuries as cannonau . some believe that the grape originated in sardinia , and was taken back to spain by the aragonese , who occupied the island in the 14th century .
in france , grenache is most widely planted in the southern rhone valley and throughout both . . . learn more
castilla is the region - wide vino de la tierra title for castilla - la mancha in central spain . this catch - all vt encompasses nearly all of the wines in the region that fall outside the stricter requirements of the dos with which it overlaps , such as la mancha and manchuela . classification as a vt may be because of vineyard location , aging periods , grape varieties etc ; it gives a winery in the zone greater flexibility with ( in export terms at least ) an acceptable effect on prestige . thefore the wines produced can vary in terms of intended price and quality levels . . . learn more
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