antaeotricha tractrix is a moth in the depressariidae family .

it was described by edward meyrick in 1925 .

it is found in brazil .

the wingspan is about 14 mm .

the forewings are white , the dorsal half suffused light greyish and with some slight dark grey suffusion towards the dorsum at the base .

there is an irregular interrupted oblique dark fuscous line from the costa at one-fourth towards the apex of a suffused triangular dark fuscous blotch on the middle of the dorsum , and a similar streak from the middle of the costa to the apex of a similar pre-tornal blotch , preceded in the disc by a fuscous dash confluent with it .

there is a hardly curved slightly interrupted dark fuscous line from the costa at three-fourths to the tornus and there are also six rather large blackish terminal dots .

the hindwings are light grey and the costa is slightly dilated anteriorly , with a pale yellowish subcostal hairpencil from the base to beyond the middle .

antaeotricha tractrix

antaeotricha tractrix meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 172 ; tl : brazil , obidos
antaeotricha suffumigata walsingham , 1897 ; 98 ; tl : mount gay est . , grenada
antaeotricha malachita meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 404 ; tl : british guiana
antaeotricha parastis van gyen , 1913 ; bol . mus . nac . chile 5 : 339 ; tl : collipulli
antaeotricha platydesma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 405 ; tl : british guiana
antaeotricha praerupta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 394 ; tl : british guiana
antaeotricha brochota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 396 ; tl : peru , yquitos
antaeotricha carabophanes meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 289 ; tl : colombia , san antonio
antaeotricha epignampta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 395 ; tl : peru , pacaya
antaeotricha gravescens meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : colombia , minero
antaeotricha iras meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : peru , 12000ft
antaeotricha isotona meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 291 ; tl : panama , trinidad river
antaeotricha lysimeris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 391 ; tl : peru , pacaya
antaeotricha nerteropa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 395 ; tl : peru , pacaya
antaeotricha neurographa meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 614 ; tl : brazil , novo friburgo
antaeotricha serangodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 400 ; tl : panama , chiriqui
antaeotricha arystis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 402 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
antaeotricha camarina meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 401 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
antaeotricha deltopis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 390 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
antaeotricha hapsicora meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : brazil , sao paulo
antaeotricha lecithaula meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 401 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
antaeotricha monocolona meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 293 ; tl : bolivia , cochabamba , incachaca
antaeotricha pactota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 391 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
antaeotricha paracrypta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 405 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
antaeotricha phaeosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 394 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
antaeotricha protosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 406 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
antaeotricha pseudochyta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 393 ; tl : bartica , british guiana
antaeotricha sparganota meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 389 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
antaeotricha thesmophora meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
antaeotricha trochoscia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 396 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
antaeotricha aglypta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 174 ; tl : brazil , teffé
antaeotricha amicula zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 317 , pl . 4 , f . 96
antaeotricha capsulata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 199 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha cleopatra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 166 ; tl : brazil , teffé
antaeotricha congelata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 236 ; tl : peru , cocapata , 12000ft
antaeotricha cryeropis meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 167 ; tl : mexico , guerrero
antaeotricha eucoma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 168 ; tl : brazil , manaos
antaeotricha hydrophora meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : peru , iquitos
antaeotricha manceps meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 172 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas
antaeotricha milictis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 163 ; tl : brazil , teffé
antaeotricha nimbata meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 175 ; tl : peru , iquitos
antaeotricha nitescens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : brazil , para
antaeotricha orthriopa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 166 ; tl : brazil , parintins
antaeotricha percnogona meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : peru , iquitos
antaeotricha plerotis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : peru , pacaya
antaeotricha resiliens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : brazil , parintins
antaeotricha sana meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : colombia , sosomoko , 2650ft
antaeotricha sarcinata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 200 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha serarcha meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 556 ; tl : brazil , caraca
antaeotricha sortifera meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 557 ; tl : bolivia , cochabamba
antaeotricha stringens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 164 ; tl : brazil , teffé
antaeotricha suffumigata ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 4 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha superciliosa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 198 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha synercta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : brazil , parintins
antaeotricha tornogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 171 ; tl : brazil , parintins
antaeotricha xuthosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 175 ; tl : brazil , teffé
antaeotricha acronephela meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 392 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali
antaeotricha brachysaris meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha campylodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 494 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha coriodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 397 ; tl : british guiana , mallali ; bartica
antaeotricha encyclia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 403 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft
antaeotricha euthrinca meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft
antaeotricha exusta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 492 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha glycerostoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 399 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft
antaeotricha helicias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha himaea meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 505 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha incrassata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha insimulata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 237 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 6600ft
antaeotricha staurota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 493 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha substricta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 200 ; tl : : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha xylocosma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 491 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha ( depressariidae ) ; urra , 2014 , bol . mus . nac . hist . nat . chile 63 : 102 ( note )
antaeotricha celidotis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 169 ; tl : peru , r . napo
antaeotricha cycnomorpha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 169 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas
antaeotricha fulta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 234 ; tl : colombia , monte del eden , 9550
antaeotricha gubernatrix meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 173 ; tl : peru , r . napo
antaeotricha gymnolopha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 174 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos
antaeotricha haplocentra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins
antaeotricha melanopis meyrick , 1909 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1909 ( 1 ) : 31 ; tl : peru , huancabamba
antaeotricha mesostrota meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 708 ; tl : venezulea , carupano
antaeotricha nuclearis meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 181 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo
antaeotricha phryactis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 167 ; tl : peru , r . napo
antaeotricha sardania meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 168 ; tl : brazil , para , teffé
antaeotricha sellifera meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 163 ; tl : brazil , parintins , manaos
antaeotricha semiovata meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 234 ; tl : colombia , monte del eden , 9550ft
antaeotricha teleosema meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : brazil , parintins , teffé
antaeotricha tritogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 176 ; tl : brazil , parintins , teffé
antaeotricha deridens meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 162 ; tl : bolivia , del sara , 1500ft
antaeotricha nitrota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 497 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni
antaeotricha ophrysta meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 708 ; tl : dutch guiana , onoribo
antaeotricha albovenosa zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 321 , pl . 4 , f . 99 ; tl : chanchamayo
antaeotricha arizonensis ferris , 2010 ; zookeys 57 : 60 ; tl : arizona , cochise co . , hauchuca mts . , carr canyon , 5300 '
antaeotricha assecta zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 313 , pl . 3 , f . 94 ; tl : chanchamayo
antaeotricha cathagnista meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 165 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas , teffé
antaeotricha christocoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 398 ; tl : peru , pacaya ; conamano , r . ucuyali
antaeotricha generatrix meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 239 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul
antaeotricha thammii zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 306 , pl . 3 , f . 89 ; tl : chanchamayo
antaeotricha vacata meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 170 ; tl : st . george ' s , grenada
antaeotricha albifrons zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 323 , pl . 4 , f . 100 ; tl : brazil ?
antaeotricha amphilyta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 503 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha anaclintris meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 499 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha axena meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 501 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha compsographa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 491 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha diffracta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha excisa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 496 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha manzanitae keifer , 1937 ; calif . dept . agric . bull . 26 : 334 ; tl : shingle springs , el dorado co . , california
antaeotricha melanarma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 500 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha oxycentra meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 497 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha palaestrias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha pseudochyta ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 4 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha purulenta zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 318 , pl . 4 , f . 97 ; tl : brazil ?
antaeotricha tibialis zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 307 , pl . 3 , f . 90 ; tl : brazil ?
antaeotricha vacata ; duckworth , 1969 , smithson . contr . zool . 4 : 5 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha venatum ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha amphizyga meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 234 , pl . 2 , f . 12 ; tl : pará , belem
antaeotricha enodata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 493 ; tl : french guiana , godebert ; nouveau chantier , r . maroni
antaeotricha immota meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 502 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni ; british guiana , mallali
antaeotricha orthotona meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 495 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; french guiana , r . maroni
antaeotricha ribbei zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 309 , pl . 3 , f . 91 ; tl : chiriqui - vulcan
antaeotricha smileuta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 397 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; french guiana , s . laurient
antaeotricha trichonota meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul ; paraguay
antaeotricha corvigera meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 390 ; tl : british guiana , mallali ; peru , contamano , r . ucuyali
antaeotricha diplophaea meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 494 ; tl : french guiana , godebert ; st . jean , r . maroni
antaeotricha laudata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 496 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean and godebert , r . maroni
antaeotricha praecisa meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 709 ; tl : brazil , rio de janeiro , são paulo
antaeotricha demas ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha illepida ; duckworth , 1966 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 68 ( 3 ) : 196 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha lampyridella ; duckworth , 1962 , proc . ent . soc . wash . 64 ( 2 ) : 111 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha cyprodeta meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 556 ; tl : brazil , santa cruz , rio grande do sul ; organ mtns , nova friburge
antaeotricha floridella hayden & dickel , 2015 ; zookeys 533 : 135 ; tl : usa , florida , marion co . , ocala national forest , fr 88 , 3 . 9mi se of sr 316 , longleaf pine sandhills
antaeotricha fuscorectangulata duckworth , 1964 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 41 , pl . 3 a ; tl : south fork of cave creek , chiricahua mts . , arizona
antaeotricha utahensis ferris , 2012 ; j . lep . soc . 66 ( 3 ) : 168 ; tl : utah , san juan co . , 37°44 . 90 ' n , 109°24 . 75 ' w ( 2220m )
antaeotricha humilis ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 37 ; [ nacl ] , # 1019 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha decorosella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 35 , pl . 1 f ; [ nacl ] , # 1016 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha furcata ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 36 , pl . 2 a ; [ nacl ] , # 1017 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha haesitans ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 40 , pl . 2 f ; [ nacl ] , # 1022 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha irene ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 36 , pl . 2 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1018 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha leucillana ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 32 , pl . 1 d ; [ nacl ] , # 1014 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha lindseyi ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 30 , pl . 1 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1012 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha manzanitae ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 43 , pl . 3 c ; [ nacl ] , # 1025 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha osseella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 34 , pl . 1 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1015 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha schlaegeri ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 29 , pl . 1 a ; [ nacl ] , # 1011 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha thomasi ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 39 , pl . 2 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1021 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha unipunctella ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 31 , pl . 1 e ; [ nacl ] , # 1013 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
antaeotricha vestalis ; duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 42 , pl . 3 b ; [ nacl ] , # 1024 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
aphanoxena acrograpta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 387 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma actista meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 186 ; tl : venezuela , palma sola ; british guiana , r . demerata
stenoma admixta walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 170 , pl . 6 , f . 3 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , dos arroyos , 1000ft
stenoma adornata meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 442 ; tl : peru , pacaya
stenoma aequabilis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean ; godebert , r . maroni
stenoma aggravata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma agrioschista meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 365 ; tl : texas , alpine , 5000 - 8000ft
stenoma ammodes walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 176 , pl . 6 , f . 18 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
stenoma arachnia meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
cryptolechia aratella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 724 ; tl : ega
argocorys ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 34
aphanoxena astynoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 388 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
stenoma atmospora meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 209 ; tl : colombia , minero and sosomoco , 2650ft
aphanoxena balanocentra meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 387 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali
stenoma ballista meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 516 ; tl : french guiana , . maroni
cryptolechia basiferella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 744 ; tl : ega
stenoma basilaris busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 45 ; tl : alphajuela , porto bello ; trinidad r . , panama
cryptolechia basirubrella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 719 ; tl : ega
stenoma bathrotoma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 189 ; tl : brazil , obidos
stenoma bilinguis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
bracatingae ( köhler , 1943 ) ( stenoma ) ; rev . soc . ent . arg . 12 : 28
stenoma caenochytis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 415 ; tl : british guiana , bartica and mallali
alphanoxena cantharitis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 490 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma caprimulga walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 165 , pl . 5 , f . 33 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyae
capsiformis ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 25
stenoma carabodes meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 435 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma carbasea meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : brazil , novo friburgo
caryograpta ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 26
stenoma ceratistes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 159 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
stenoma chalastis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 413 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
chalinophanes ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 42
stenoma chilosema meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 208 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni
phalaena ( tinea ) cicadella sepp , [ 1830 ] ; surinaam . vlinders 2 ( 20 ) : 183 , pl . 80
stenoma cirrhoxantha meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 15 ) : 477 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni
stenoma cnemosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 181 ; tl : brazil , para
stenoma colposaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 185 ; tl : brazil , teffé
stenoma comosa walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 161 , pl . 5 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
stenoma compsoneura meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 217 ; tl : brazil , para ; french guiana , r . maroni
cryptolechia confixella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 731 ; tl : ega
stenopa coniopa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 184 ; tl : brazil , obidos
stenoma constituta meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 191 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma constricta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 8 ) : 226 ; tl : colombia , mt . socorro , 12500ft
cryptoleciha costatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 737 ; tl : ega
stenoma cremastis meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 194 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas ; brazil , manaos
stenoma crypsiphaea meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 190 ; tl : brazil , para
stenoma cycnolopha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 186 ; tl : peru , r . napo
stenopa cymogramma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 193 ; tl : peru , r . napo , iquitos
brachyloma decorosella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 111 ; tl : montclair , n . j
larva on quercus ilicifolia , quercus marilandia duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 35
stenoma demas busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 223 ; tl : st . jean , maroni r . , french guiana
stenoma demotica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 159 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
stenoma desecta meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 203 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
cryptolechia destillata zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 283 ; tl : chiriqui
stenoma diacta meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma diplosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 418 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
dirempta ( zeller , 1855 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 10 : 154 , pl . 1 , f . 4
stenoma discalis busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 46 ; tl : trinidad river , panama
stenoma discolor walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 164 ; tl : guatemala , baja vera paz , san gerónimo
disjecta ( zeller , 1854 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 9 : 368
stenoma dissona meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 191 ; tl : brazil , manaos
stenoma doleropis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 421 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma dromica meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 185 ; tl : brazil , parintins
stenoma elaeodes walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 178 , pl . 6 , f . 22 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
cryptolechia elatior felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 138 , f . 67 ; tl : amazonas
epicrossa ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 294
aphanoxena episimbla meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 389 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali
stenoma ergates walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 185 , pl . 6 , f . 30 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
stenoma erotica meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 534 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma exasperata meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 533 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma falsidica meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : dutch guiana , berg - en - daal
stenoma fasciatum busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 217 ; tl : cayenne , french guiana
british guiana , french guiana , brazil ( amazonas ) . see [ maps ]
stenoma forreri walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 172 , pl . 6 , f . 2 ; tl : mexico , durango , presidio
stenoma fractilinea walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 166 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
stenoma fractinubes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 165 , pl . 5 , f . 32 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft
cryptolechia frontalis zeller , 1855 ; linn . ent . 10 : 159 , pl . 1 , f . 7
stenoma fumifica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 162 , pl . 5 , f . 31 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
stenoma glaphyrodes meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 186 ; tl : french guiana , st . laurient ; brazil [ ? ] , iquitos
stenoma glaucescens meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 537 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma gypsoterma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 424 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
stenoma habilis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 427 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
aedemoses haesitans walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 154 , pl . 5 , f . 21 ; tl : presidio , durango , mexico
larva on pithecellobium flexicaule duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 41
stenoma hemiscia walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 163 ; tl : guatemala , san gerónimo
stenoma heterosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 418 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
aphanoxena homologa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 388 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma horizontias meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 188 ; tl : brazil , teffé
north carolina , south carolina , missouri , tennessee , virginia , illinois , maryland , texas , indiana , new jersey , louisiana . see [ maps ]
larva on quercus sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 38
hyalophanta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 294
stenoma ianthina walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 178 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft
stenoma imminens meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : dutch guiana , onoribo
cryptolechia impactella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 742 ; tl : ega
stenoma impedita meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 422 ; tl : peru , pacaya
cryptolechia indicatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 732 ; tl : ega
stenoma infecta meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 254 , pl . 2 , f . 20 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil
stenoma infrenata meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma innexa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 190 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas , iquitos
stenoma insidiana meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 512 ; tl : french guiana , , r . maroni
= stenoma disjecta ; meyrick , 1925 , exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 192 ; [ nhm card ]
iopetra ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 295
stenoma ioptila meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma irene barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 239 , pl . 28 , f . 7 , 9 , pl . 30 , f . 1 ; tl : brownsville , texas
larva on sida sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 37
stenoma irenias meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 537 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
stenoma isochyta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 420 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma isomeris meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 711 ; tl : brazil , tijuco
stenopa isoplintha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 193 ; tl : brazil , parintins
isoporphyra ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( asapharca ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 8 - 9 ) : 286
isosticta ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 299
ithytona meyrick , 1929 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 76 : 514
stenoma juvenalis meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 240 , pl . 2 , f . 13 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil
auxocrossa lacera zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 328 , pl . 4 , f . 103
stenoma lampyridella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 41 ; tl : cabima , panama
stenoma lathiptila meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 425 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma laxa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 428 ; tl : venezuela , ciudad bolivar
stenoma lebetias meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : french guiana , s . laurent
stenoma lepidocarpa meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 239 , pl . 1 , f . 9 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil
psephomeres leptogramma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 506
new hampshire , massachusetts , new york , pennsylvania , district of columbia , virginia , north carolina , na . georgia , alabama , arkansas , missouri , kansas , illinois , iowa , texas , oregon , louisiana , manitoba , nova scotia . see [ maps ]
larva on pyracantha crenulata , malus sp . , vaccinium corymbosum , acer sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 32
leucocryptis ( meyrick , 1932 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 10 ) : 295
stenoma lindseyi barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 239 , pl . 29 , f . 2 ; tl : paradise ; white mts . , arizona ; fort wingate , new mexico
stenoma lophoptycha meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 188 ; tl : brazil , parintins
stenoma lophosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 186 ; tl : brazil , r . trombetas
loxogrammos ( zeller , 1854 ) ( cryptolechia ) ; linn . ent . 9 : 367 , pl . 3 , f . 17
stenoma lucrosa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 184 ; tl : brazil , obidos , parintins
stenoma lunimaculata dognin , 1913 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 57 : 417 ; tl : san antonio , colombia , 2000m
stenoma machetes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 162 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
stenoma macronota meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 716 ; tl : colombia , naranjito , r . dagua , 3900ft ; dutch guiana , paramaribo
stenoma mesosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 178 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma microtypa meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 422 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma mitratella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 46 ; tl : porto bello , panama
stenoma modulata meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 436 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma monosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 419 ; tl : british guiana , bartica and mallali
cryptolechia murinella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 743 ; tl : ega
stenoma mustela walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 167 , pl . 6 , f . 1 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft
navicularis ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 24
stenopa neocrossa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 193 ; tl : peru , r . napo
nephelocyma ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 27
british guiana , dutch guiana , french guiana , paraguay . see [ maps ]
: british guiana , r . demerana ; dutch guiana , paramaribo ; french guiana , st . laurient ; paraguay
cryptolechia nitidorella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 729 ; tl : ega
stenoma notogramma meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 243 , pl . 1 , f . 13 ; tl : breves , amazon delta
stenoma notosaris meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 181 ; tl : brazil , para
cryptolechia notosemia zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 298 , pl . 3 , f . 86 ; tl : cundai
stenoma obtusa meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 513 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
stenoma ocellifer walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 162 ; tl : mexico , durango ; costa rica , volcan de irazu , 6000 - 7000ft , guatemala , san gerónimo , 2800ft
stenoma ogmolopha meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 557 ; tl : brazil , santarem
stenoma ogmosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 415 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
stenoma orgadopa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 182 ; tl : brazil , para , parintins
new york , new jersey , north carolina , south carolina , west virginia , maryland , district of columbia , massachusetts , pennsylvania , illinois , arkansas , missouri , texas , california . see [ maps ]
larva on quercus alba , q . muehlenbergii duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 34
stenoma ostodes walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 174 ; tl : guatemala , alta vera paz , panima , 1800ft
stenoma ovulifera meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 182 ; tl : peru , jurimaguas
stenoma oxydecta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : british guiana , bartica ; mallali
cryptolechia pallicosta felder & rogenhofer , 1875 ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 5 ) : pl . 138 , f . 41 ; tl : amazonas
stenoma paracta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 425 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo and el porvenir ; colombia , san antonio , 5800ft
cryptolechia particularis zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 293 , pl . 3 , f . 82 ; tl : chiriqui
aphanoxena pellocoma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 387 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
stenoma percnocarpa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 181 ; tl : brazil , teffé
stenoma periphrictis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 15 ) : 451 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma phaeoneura meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 187 ; tl : british guiana
stenoma phaeoplintha meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 424 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
phaselodes ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 39
stenoma phaula walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 160 , pl . 5 , f . 26 ; tl : guatemala , alta vera paz , panima , 1800ft
stenoma phollicodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 533 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
stenoma planicoma meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 189 ; tl : brazil , santarem
stenoma plumosa busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 47 ; tl : trinidad river , panama
stenoma polyglypta meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 427 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
stenoma pratifera meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 222 ; tl : costa rica
stenoma prosora walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 161 , pl . 5 , f . 29 ; tl : panama , chiriqui , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft
guatemala , panama , ecuador , west indies , british guiana . see [ maps ]
catarata pumilis busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 36 ; tl : trinidad , panam
pyrgota ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 25
pyrobathra ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 33
stenoma quiescens meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 514 ; tl : french guiana , godebert , r . maroni
cryptolechia radicalis zeller , 1877 ; horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 286 ; tl : chiriqui
cryptolechia reciprocella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 731 ; tl : santarem
panama , surinam , french guiana , brazil ( amazonas , para , bahia ) , peru . see [ maps ]
stenoma rhipidaula meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 431 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma rostriformis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 532 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
stenoma scapularis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 7 ) : 209 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
quebec , new york , massachusetts , pennsylvania , delaware , maryland , district of columbia , virgina , north carolina , arkansas , missouri , illinois , iowa , texas , arizona . see [ maps ]
cryptolechia schlaegeri zeller , 1854 ; linn . ent . 9 : 372 ; tl : new york
larva on quercus alba duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 30
sciospila ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 47
stenoma segmentata meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 423 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
stenoma similis busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 222 ; tl : st . jean , maroni r . , french guiana
stenoma spermolitha meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 432 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma sterrhomitra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 178 ; tl : brazil , teffé
stenoma stigmatias walsingham , 1913 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 184 , pl . 6 , f . 29 ; tl : guatemala , alta vera paz , sabo
stenoma stygeropa meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 187 ; tl : brazil , manaos
stenoma tectoria meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 429 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma tempestiva meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 17 ) : 529 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma tephrodesma meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 511 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
stenoma tetrapetra meyrick , 1925 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 5 - 7 ) : 194 ; tl : brazil , teffé
stenoma thylacosaris meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 419 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma thomasi barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 240 , pl . 30 , f . 5 ; tl : palmerlee , arizona
stenoma tinactis meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 13 ) : 414 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma tribomias meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 417 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
tricapsis ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 26
stenoma triplectra meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 423 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
alphanoxena triplintha meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 490 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
cryptolechia tripustulella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 733 ; tl : ega
athleta trisecta walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 155 , pl . 5 , f . 24
stenoma tumens meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 16 ) : 511 ; tl : french guiana , st . jean , r . maroni
brazil ( amazonas ) , panama , costa rica , british guiana , french guiana . see [ maps ]
cryptolechia umbriferella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 740 ; tl : ega
larva on quercus sp . duckworth , 1964 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 116 ( 3495 ) : 32
unisecta ( meyrick , 1930 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 1 ) : 26
stenoma venatum busck , 1911 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 40 ( 1815 ) : 217 ; tl : st . jean , maroni river , french guiana
venezuelensis amsel , 1956 ; boletin ent . venezolana 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 303
texas , florida , mississippi , south carolina , new jersey . see [ maps ]
venezuela , panama , trinidad , colombia , french guiana , brazil ( para , santa catharina ) , bolivia , peru . see [ maps ]
xanthopetala ( meyrick , 1931 ) ( stenoma ) ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 41
stenoma xylurga meyrick , 1913 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1913 ( 1 ) : 188 ; tl : peru , chanchamayo
stenoma zanclogramma meyrick , 1915 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 14 ) : 417 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
stenoma zelotes walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 159 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
ergebnisse einer zoologischen sammelreise nach brasilien , insbesonderer in das amazonasgebiet , ausgeführt von dr . h . zerny . v . theil . micro - lepidoptera
delectus animalium articulatorum que in itinere per brasilian collegerunt dr . j . b . de spix et dr . c . f . ph . de martius
natuurlijke historie van surinaamsche vlinders , naar het leven geteekend . papillons de surinam dessinés d ' après nature
( 13 ) : i - viii , 105 - 108 , pl . 49 - 50 ( [ 1843 ] ) ,
( 25 ) : i - iv , 217 - 224 , pl . 97 - 100 ( [ 1847 ] ) ,
( 38 ) : i - viii , 321 - 328 , pl . 149 - 152 ( [ 1852 ] )
zeller , 1877 exotische microlepidopteren horae soc . ent . ross . 13 : 3 - 493 , pl . 1 - 6
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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scleroctenophora is an extinct class of ctenophore , known from the chinese maotianshan shales of yunnan .

it is dated to cambrian stage 3 and belongs to late early cambrian strata .

scleroctenophorans are easily distinguished from other ctenophores by the presence of an internal skeleton that supports the body .

scleroctenophora

no one has contributed data records for scleroctenophora yet . learn how to contribute .
how can i put and write and define scleroctenophora in a sentence and how is the word scleroctenophora used in a sentence and examples ? 用scleroctenophora造句 , 用scleroctenophora造句 , 用scleroctenophora造句 , scleroctenophora meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
520 million years old cambrian fossils also from chengjiang in china show a now wholly extinct class of ctenophore , named
scleroctenophora
, that had a complex internal skeleton with long spines .
based on 58 physical traits gleaned from both living and fossil ctenophores , the scientists created a family tree in which the fossil comb jellies form a previously unknown new branch they are calling the scleroctenophora (
hardened ctenophores
) .
mills , c . e . internet ( 1998 - present ) . phylum ctenophora : list of all valid species names . electronic internet document . scleroctenophora † . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 867234 on 2018 - 07 - 09
) ; they are here described under the new class scleroctenophora ( see the supplementary materials ) . additionally , the tentacleless beroida is resolved as the most basal branch within crown - group ctenophore , and all tentaculate ctenophores form a monophyletic group . these cladistic results offer intriguing evidence that the earliest ctenophores were tentacleless (
1 early life evolution laboratory , state key laboratory of biogeology and environmental geology , china university of geosciences , beijing 100083 , china .
2 early life institute , collaborative innovation center of continental tectonics , state key laboratory of continental dynamics , northwest university , xi’an 710069 , china .
3 department of geosciences , virginia tech , blacksburg , va 24061 , usa .
science advances 10 jul 2015 : vol . 1 , no . 6 , e1500092 doi : 10 . 1126 / sciadv . 1500092
early life evolution laboratory , state key laboratory of biogeology and environmental geology , china university of geosciences , beijing 100083 , china .
early life institute , collaborative innovation center of continental tectonics , state key laboratory of continental dynamics , northwest university , xi’an 710069 , china .
thaumactena ensis gen . et sp . nov . ( fig . 2 , a to d , and fig . s2 ) has a length / width ratio of about 10 : 1 in both adult ( holotype ) and juvenile ( paratype ) specimens . the elongate cone - like apical organ contains organic carbon remains ( fig . 2d ) , indicative of an apical organ housing a statolith . the wall of the apical organ branches adorally into a radial set of eight rigid , slender , gently curved spokes , preserved as bands of dark rusty iron oxides . transverse bars arranged in longitudinal rows , interpreted as comb rows , occur along both sides of a spoke ( fig . 2 , b and d ) . the bars have positive relief but are otherwise featureless , with no preserved evidence of fused cilia characteristic of ctenes in extant ctenophores . the spokes taper orally , extending to the terminus of the oral region . around the oral region , the spokes and intervening membrane slightly diverge to form an “oral skirt . ”
idealized three - dimensional models of cambrian skeletonized ctenophores . ( a to c ) side views of gemmactena actinala gen . et sp . nov , batofasciculus ramificans , and thaumactena ensis gen . et sp . nov . , respectively . ( a′ to c′ ) oblique aboral views corresponding to ( a ) to ( c ) .
specimens were examined and mechanically prepared under a zeiss stemi - 2000c stereomicroscope . photographs were taken using a canon eos 5d mark ii optical camera with an ef 100mm f / 2 . 8 usm lens . three - dimensional reconstructions ( fig . 3 ) were conducted using the software autodesk 3ds max ( 9 . 0 ) . backscattered electron microscopy ( bse ) and eds were conducted on a hitachi s - 3400n field emission scanning electron microscope with an eds system .
table s2 . list of characters and coding comments on ctenophore features used in cladistic analysis .
fig . s1 . bse and eds analyses of gemmactena actinala gen . et sp . nov .
fig . s2 . additional material of thaumactena ensis gen . et sp . nov .
fig . s3 . additional material of galeactena hemispherica gen . et sp . nov . and type specimen of maotianoascus octonarius chen et zhou , 1997 .
fig . s4 . bse and eds analyses of batofasciculus ramificans hou et al . , 1999 .
fig . s5 . additional material of batofasciculus ramificans hou et al . , 1999 .
fig . s6 . new material of batofasciculus ramificans hou et al . , 1999 .
fig . s7 . new material of trigoides aclis luo et hu , 1999 .
fig . s8 . new material of trigoides aclis luo et hu , 1999 .
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g . r . harbison , in the origins and relationships of lower invertebrates , s . conway morris , j . d . george , r . gibson , h . m . platt , eds . ( oxford univ . press , oxford , 1985 ) , pp . 78–100 .
h . l . luo , s . hu , l . chen , s . zhang , y . tao , early cambrian chengjiang fauna from kunming region , china ( yunnan science and technology press , kunming , 1999 ) .
x . g . hou , j . bergstöm , h . f . wang , x . h . feng , a . l . chen , the chengjiang fauna : exceptionally well - preserved animals from 530 million years ago ( yunnan science and technology press , kunming , 1999 ) .
s . j . gould , wonderful life ( norton , new york , 1989 ) .
x . g . hou , r . aldridge , j . bergstrom , d . j . siveter , d . siveter , x . - h . feng , the cambrian fossils of chengjiang , china : the flowering of early animal life ( blackwell , oxford , 2004 ) .
e . e . ruppert , r . s . fox , r . d . barnes , invertebrate zoology : a functional evolutionary approach ( brooks / cole , belmont , 2004 ) .
h . ehrlich , biological materials of marine origin : invertebrates ( biologically - inspired systems ) ( springer , new york , 2010 ) .
m . l . hernandez - nicaise , in microscopic anatomy of invertebrates , f . w . harrison , ed . ( wiley - liss , new york , 1991 ) , pp . 359–418 .
j . y . chen , g . q . zhou , m . y . zhu , k . y . yeh , the chengjiang biota : a unique window of the cambrian explosion ( national museum of natural science , taichung , 1996 ) .
l . z . chen , h . l . luo , s . x . hu , g . y . yin , z . w . jiang , z . l . wu , f . li , a . l . chen , early cambrian chengjiang fauna in eastern yunnan , china ( yunnan science and technology press , kunming , 2002 ) .
j . y . chen , the dawn of animal world ( jiangsu science and technology press , nanjing , 2004 ) .
j . w . schopf , a . b . kudryavtsev , in quantifying the evolution of early life , m . laflamme , j . d . schiffbauer , eds . ( springer , new york , 2011 ) , pp . 241–270 .
r . c . brusca , g . j . brusca , invertebrates ( sinauer associates , sunderland , ma , 2003 ) .
g . r . harbison , l . p . madin , in synopsis and classification of living organisms ( vol . 1 ) , s . p . parker , ed . ( mcgraw - hill , new york , 1982 ) , pp . 707–715 .
l . h . hyman , the invertebrates : protozoa through ctenophora ( mcgraw - hill publications , new york , 1940 ) .
not all ctenophores are hermaphrodites . studies on the systematics , distribution , sexuality and development of two species of ocyropsis
we thank s . tamm , t . shiganova , r . scott , g . mayer , s . conway morris , and j . - b . caron for insightful comments ; j . chen , x . hou , d . siveter , s . hu , f . tang , a . semenov , d . erwin , and j . - b . caron for providing fossil images ; and j . liu , m . ju , h . zhang , m . cheng , q . lei , m . wang , h . yu , and s . cheng for assistance in laboratory or field work .
this work was supported by the program for new century excellent talents in university ( ncet - 13 - 1008 ) , national natural science foundation of china ( 41102012 , 41272011 , and shaanxi - 2012jz5002 ) , fundamental research funds for the central universities ( 2010zy07 , 2011yxl013 , and 2012097 ) , research fund for doctoral program of higher education ( 20116101130002 ) , and u . s . national science foundation ( ear - 1250800 ) .
q . o . designed the research . q . o . and s . x . developed the interpretation , prepared figures , and wrote the manuscript , with input from other authors . q . o . , j . h . , d . s . , g . s . , and z . z . contributed to the collection and analysis of fossil specimens . f . z . reconstructed three - dimensional models of chengjiang ctenophores . all authors participated in discussion of conclusions .
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early evolution of the basal animal phylum illuminated by sclerotized and armored ctenophore species from early cambrian period .
©2018 american association for the advancement of science . all rights reserved . aaas is a partner of hinari , agora , oare , chorus , clockss , crossref and counter . science advances issn 2375 - 2548 .
ou , q . ; xiao , s . ; han , j . ; sun , g . ; zhang , f . ; zhang , z . ; shu , d . ( 2015 ) . a vanished history of skeletonization in cambrian comb jellies . science advances . 1 ( 6 ) : e1500092 - e1500092 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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gen . et sp . nov . is characterized by an apical ( aboral ) organ , a globose central body with eight flaps , and a peri - oral structure with eight lappets . the apical organ is conical to domical in shape and houses an ellipsoidal structure preserved as an oval carbonaceous film (
and fig . s1 ) , most likely representing a prominent statolith ( or statocyst ) rich in organic material . the structural framework of the apical organ consists of eight aborally tapering plates ( here termed “apical plates” ) , each with a medial groove on the inner surface (
) , apical plates are separate from each other but maintain their integrity , indicating considerable rigidity . the structural framework of the central body consists of eight rigid spokes , each corresponding to an apical plate and extending along the oral - aboral axis . a medial groove occurs on the inner surface of the spoke (
) . each spoke is divided into a longer upper ( aboral ) part and a shorter lower ( adoral ) part , separated by a sharp kink . spokes support eight flaps , which can be buried in different layers of sediments (
, a and d ) . each side of the flap is equipped with an arcuate band of closely spaced transverse bars (
, a , c , and d ) . the band only occurs on the axial part of the flap , and the transverse bars do not cross the spoke . thus , there are a total of eight pairs of such bands . these bands are interpreted as ctene rows and the transverse bars as ctenes . dark strands that radiate from the base of the apical organ (
) are considered remains of meridional canals . the lower spokes converge to define a circumferential constriction that marks the boundary between the central body and the peri - oral structure with eight sharp lappets . each oral lappet is supported by a rigid ridge presumably representing the adoral extension of a spoke . the apical plates , spokes , and oral ridges are preserved with positive relief and structural integrity , and interpreted as sclerotized structures .
, a to d , and fig . s2 ) has a length / width ratio of about 10 : 1 in both adult ( holotype ) and juvenile ( paratype ) specimens . the elongate cone - like apical organ contains organic carbon remains (
) , indicative of an apical organ housing a statolith . the wall of the apical organ branches adorally into a radial set of eight rigid , slender , gently curved spokes , preserved as bands of dark rusty iron oxides . transverse bars arranged in longitudinal rows , interpreted as comb rows , occur along both sides of a spoke (
, b and d ) . the bars have positive relief but are otherwise featureless , with no preserved evidence of fused cilia characteristic of ctenes in extant ctenophores . the spokes taper orally , extending to the terminus of the oral region . around the oral region , the spokes and intervening membrane slightly diverge to form an “oral skirt . ”
, e to i , and fig . s3 , a to f ) is characterized by a consistently vaulted hemispherical shape in all specimens , with little evidence of being twisted or distorted . its preservation is different from the generally distorted morphologies of fully soft - bodied ctenophores from the burgess shale (
) , indicating that it had a degree of structural integrity . although no spokes or apical plates are preserved with strong relief , we infer that the structural integrity of
was provided by lightly sclerotized hard parts . an elongate apical organ gradually tapers aborally to a blunt end . a spheroidal statolith preserved as carbonaceous remains resides within the distal end of the apical organ . a prominent central tube with preserved positive relief , interpreted as the aboral canal , tapers aborally and ends beneath the statolith (
, f and i , and fig . s3 , a , b , d , and e ) , although no anal canals or pores can be unambiguously identified . eight meridional lobes extend along almost the entire body length , each gently thinning centrifugally into a medial ridge , which might represent a lightly sclerotized spoke (
) . an arcuate , fin - like structure composed of membranous or cuticular tissues projects centrifugally along each medial ridge . a longitudinal row of transverse bars , preserved as organic remains with positive relief and interpreted as a comb row , occurs on both sides of a lobe (
, e and g , and fig . s3 , a to d ) . thus , there are eight pairs of comb rows . the comb rows gradually widen adorally . a circumferential constriction separates the central body from a short oral skirt .
, j to n ) reveals a statolith in the apical organ and an oral region , thus ascertaining a ctenophoran affinity . the statolith is preserved with carbonaceous residues , as revealed by energy - dispersive x - ray spectroscopic ( eds ) analysis ( fig . s4 ) and consistent with the carbonaceous preservation of statoliths in other chengjiang ctenophores ( for example , fig . s1 ) . the eight arcuate spokes bear robust spines (
, l to n , and figs . s4 to s6 ) and retain their structural integrity even when disarticulated (
a constant , saclike body shape , an apical organ with a statolith , eight radiating lobes with medial membranous fins , well - developed comb rows , and an oral skirt , but the latter has a more elongate apical organ , a more distally located statolith , and a less rounded body form .
in having apical plates , kinked spokes , an apical organ with statolith , comb rows , and oral lappets . however , it differs from
in its wider body with nearly horizontal upper spokes that are shorter than lower spokes . in addition , an unnamed chengjiang ctenophore ( fig . s9 ) also shows rigid apical plates and radiating spokes , suggesting some degree of sclerotization .
the transverse bars arranged in eight pairs of longitudinal bands in the chengjiang fossils are best interpreted as comb plates , which in living ctenophores consist of fused macrocilia , are arrayed in eight rows , and serve as propulsive “paddles” . they are typically preserved as organic remains with positive relief , and are likely equivalent to the cytoskeletal polster ( cushion ) of ctenes in living forms (
) suggest that the chengjiang ctenophores most likely had a nektonic life mode , with their locomotion powered by ciliary ctenes . the radiating flaps ( vane - like structures ) in some taxa might have hydrodynamic significance to facilitate locomotion ( and perhaps feeding ) . closely coupled with the well developed ctene rows , the flaps ( and perhaps the oral skirt and oral lappets ) might have supplemented the comb rows to provide power strokes to propel the animals . the pencillate
has a streamlined body similar to chaetognaths ( arrow worms ) and might have been an agile swimmer .
) , it is possible that the earliest ctenophores were octaradial and tentacleless , regardless of the phylogenetic position of the beroids .
) . the skeletons were probably ectodermally derived , given the topological relation between the apical plates and statolith , which is ectodermal in developmental origin among modern ctenophores . if so , the outermost organic covering (
, e and n , and figs . s1a and s3 , a , b , d , and g ) may represent the epidermis , and the skeleton was produced within or underneath the epidermis , as in living hydrocorals ( for example ,
) ; in this scenario , the outermost membrane may represent a recalcitrant integument .
specimens were examined and mechanically prepared under a zeiss stemi - 2000c stereomicroscope . photographs were taken using a canon eos 5d mark ii optical camera with an ef 100mm f / 2 . 8 usm lens . three - dimensional reconstructions (
) were conducted using the software autodesk 3ds max ( 9 . 0 ) . backscattered electron microscopy ( bse ) and eds were conducted on a hitachi s - 3400n field emission scanning electron microscope with an eds system .
dunn c . w . , hejnol a . , matus d . q . , pang k . , browne w . e . , smith s . a . , seaver e . , rouse g . w . , obst m . , edgecombe g . d . , sørensen m . v . , haddock s . h . , schmidt - rhaesa a . , okusu a . , kristensen r . m . , wheeler w . c . , martindale m . q . , giribet g . ,
ryan j . f . , pang k . , schnitzler c . e . , nguyen a . d . , moreland r . t . , simmons d . k . , koch b . j . , francis w . r . , havlak p . ; nisc comparative sequencing program , smith s . a . , putnam n . h . , haddock s . h . , dunn c . w . , wolfsberg t . g . , mullikin j . c . , martindale m . q . , baxevanis a . d . ,
shu d . g . , conway morris s . , han j . , li y . , zhang x . l . , hua h . , zhang z . f . , liu j . n . , guo j . f . , yao y . , yasui k . ,
schiffbauer jd , xiao s , cai y , wallace af , hua h , hunter j , xu h , peng y , kaufman aj . ,
jager m , dayraud c , mialot a , quéinnec e , le guyader h , manuel m . ,
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new & recent described flora & fauna species from all over the world esp . asia , oriental , indomalayan & malesiana region
idealized three - dimensional models of cambrian skeletonized ctenophores . ( a to c ) side views of
, respectively . ( a′ to c′ ) oblique aboral views corresponding to ( a ) to ( c ) .
phylogenetic relationship of fossil and extant ctenophores based on a comprehensive cladistic analysis ( tables s2 and s3 ) .
. the cladogram is a strict consensus of the three most parsimonious trees . apomorphies ( character number and state above and below nodes , respectively ) are mapped on the cladogram . tree length = 53 ; consistency index = 0 . 9231 ; retention index = 0 . 9394 ; rescaled consistency index = 0 . 8671 . illustrated taxa are marked in bold .
qiang ou , shuhai xiao , jian han , ge sun , fang zhang , zhifei zhang and degan shu . 2015 . a vanished history of skeletonization in cambrian comb jellies . science advances . 1 ( 6 ) ; e1500092 . doi : 10 . 1126 / sciadv . 1500092
wuodendron b . xue , y . h . tan & chaowasku wuodendron praecox ( hook . f . & thomson ) b . xue , y . h . tan & x . l . hou in xue , tan . . .
[ botany • 2017 ] begonia fulgurata | ดาดดารารัศมี • a new species ( sect . diploclinium , begoniaceae ) from chiang mai , northern thailand
begonia fulgurata c . - i peng , c . w . lin & phutthai ดาดดารารัศมี | | doi : 10 . 3767 / blumea . 2017 . 62 . 03 . 01 urltoken be . . .
chamaelirium viridiflorum l . wang , z . c . liu & w . b . liao in liu , feng , wang & liao , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / phytotaxa . 357 . . . .
great - billed seed - finch sporophila maximiliani ( cabanis , 1851 ) in ubaid , silveira , medolago , et . al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / . . .
endocerids with their filtering apparatus in mironenko , 2018 . doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2018 . 1491565 reconstruction by andre . . .
aristolochia tongbiguanensis j . y . shen , q . b . gong & s . landrein in gong , landrein , xi , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 6165 / tai . . . .
bagualosaurus agudoensis pretto , langer & schultz , 2018 doi : 10 . 1093 / zoolinnean / zly028 illustration : jorge blanco c . . .
the hypothetical phylogenetic relationships of ceratosaurs based on current topologies . the main source is from wang et al . ( 2016 . . .
nipponosaurus sachalinensis nagao , 1936 in takasaki , chiba , kobayashi , et al . , 2018 ニッポノサウルス | | doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2017 . . . .
begonia medogensis jianw . li , y . h . tan & x . h . jin in li , tan , wang , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 3897 / phytokeys . 103 . 25392 . . .
on this day ( july 10th ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
anomaloglossus meansi : a new species of cryptic forest frog from the wokomung and ayanganna sky islands of southern guyana .
the benefits and costs of academic travel . or
there and back again ; again and again
canon renueva su gama de 70 - 200 mm f : 2 . 8 y f : 4
plants go extinct , but sometimes species are rediscovered . this one after 151 years .
i ' m killing antediluvian salad but even in death there is rebirth . . .
necps carnivorous plant show : sept . 9 - 10 at tower hill botanical garden
this is a particularly beautiful species of centrolenid - the granular glass frog , cochranella granulosa .
an evolutionary arms race 500 million years ago seems to have unexpectedly caused today ' s gelatinous comb jellies to armor up - - and they weren ' t alone .
an evolutionary arms race during the blossoming of most multicellular life on earth may have caused gelatinous comb jellies to armor up half a billion years ago . so says a team of chinese scientists just over a week ago in science based on three new fossils and three reinterpreted fossils from chengjiang , china that date to 520 million years before the present .
today there are just 150 described species of comb jelly - - also called ctenophores ( “teen - o - fours” ) - - translucent walnut - shaped creatures that patrol the open oceans for prey . they are bilaterally symmetrical like people , not radially symmetrical like jellyfish or starfish , and bear eight rows of combs bristling with cilia glued together to form “paddles” that glimmer rhythmically like a vegas casino sign as they swim .
although their presumed close relatives the cnidarians - - the jellyfish , coral , and sea anemones - - evolved hard skeletons several times , modern comb jellies lack any sort of hard parts . most people assumed this was because they never had any .
unlike modern ctenophores , however , the fossils lack tentacles ; are radially rather than bilaterally symmetrical ; bear eight pairs of comb rows instead of eight single combs ; and wear a skeleton with eight external
spokes” surmounted by eight armored plates that shield the sensory organ at the animal ' s apex . some of the spokes are armed with spines , as you can see in the second reconstruction from left .
reconstructions of cambrian comb jellies based on fossil evidence . their putative external skeletons are shaded reddish - brown . fig . 3 from ou et al . 2015 .
apical organ with plates ( pl ) , gravity - sensing statolith ( sl ) and skeletal spines ( one is boxed at left ) . the arrowheads point to the radiating spokes of the animal ' s skeleton . n shows a closeup of an individual spine with arrows highlighting what appears to be an encapsulating membrane . fig . 2 m and n from ou et al . 2015 .
the gravity sensing organ is an interesting structure in and of itself . in modern comb jellies , it is a statolith , and it works a bit like the bubble level that builders use to detect how level a beam or foundation is . the statolith is a dense mineral or organic plumb bob . it sits in a spherical or ellipsoidal liquid - filled chamber lined with sensory hairs .
as the animal moves , inertia causes the statolith to move within the chamber , stimulating the nerves surrounding it and enabling the animal to gauge its orientation in space . you have a version of this system in your inner ear , and disorders of the organ cause people to feel disoriented and dizzy . importantly , the presence of a statolith in these fossils implies they already possessed a nervous system .
the apical organ ( ao ) , individual apical plates ( pl ) , statolith ( sl ) , upper spokes of skeleton ( us ) , and apical organ viewed from above ( k , l ) with individual armored plates numbered 1 - 8 . the arrowheads in k indicate equally spaced bands that may be the remains of
underlying meridional canals
. fig . 1 g , h , k , and l from ou et al . 2015 .
if the scientists ' fossil interpretations are correct , these animals also possessed a number of soft - tissue flaps and “lappets” that might have been used to propel the animals . this may have enabled at least one of their number - - the long skinny comb jelly in the reconstruction at top - - to be an agile and rapid swimmer . the fossils ' form strongly resembles modern arrow worms , who are nimble swimmers .
if so , it would stand in sharp contrast to living comb jellies , who generally swim weakly through the seas , steered by their sparkling comb - rows while snagging prey with hair - trigger cells called colloblasts . they work like the stinging cnidocytes of jellyfish and sea anemones , except instead of envenomating their prey , they simply glue themselves to it .
comb jellies have long given evolutionary biologists difficulties . they are uncertain how the sponges , the jellyfish and corals ( the cnidarians ) , the comb jellies , and the bilaterally symmetrical animals ( just about all the other animals ) are related to each other and in which order they split from the trunk of the tree of life .
though the evidence for comb jelly skeletons does not help in resolving this particular dilemma , it does suggest answers to some longstanding questions about comb jelly evolution . many have wondered whether the tentacles seen on modern comb jellies were present in their ancestors or evolved more recently . all modern comb jellies have tentacles with the exception of the comb jellies in the order beroida , and the absence of any tentacles on the fossils tends to support the idea that the beroida ' s condition is that of comb jellies ' ancestors ( although whether the jellies in beroida lack tentacles because they lost them or because they never had them in the first place is a separate question ) .
their analysis of the traits also suggests the beroida never had tentacles and is the most basal branch in the existing ctenophores . this conclusion contradicts genetic evidence from living ctenophores , which had suggested that the beroida once had tentacles and subsequently lost them , so this question remains unresolved .
although the chinese scientists feel confident that they are indeed looking at comb jelly skeletons , they are uncertain of the skeleton ' s purpose or composition . it could have served as a rigid support for the animal ' s tissues , or defense against predators or “adverse environments” . they believe that the skeleton was likely organic like horn , nail , or lobster shell rather than mineral like our bones , although a mineral skeleton can ' t be ruled out , they say .
armored comb jellies are unexpected but not unique among invertebrates . the obscure small invertebrate groups of entoprocts , phoronids , lobopods ( which include the crazy creature hallucigenia may include today ' s water bears and velvet worms ) , and scalidophorans are unarmored today but also appear to have suited up in the cambrian . this suggests , the authors say , that conditions in the cambrian explosion produced an arms race , as many groups of animals sprouted defensive weaponry against some sort of unnamed threat ( intense predation pressure ? ) . the cambrian , it appears , was not a nice time to be alive .
just why predatory or some other unknown pressure was later relaxed to the point where all these groups shed their formerly desireable skeletons is unclear . regardless , this cache of comb jelly fossils constitutes a delightful evolutionary surprise and illustrates how genes alone can never tell us the full story of life on earth . fossils will always be essential , and luckily for us , new fossils bearing witness to surprising stories of evolution will continue to be unearthed for millennia to come , as the sedimentary beds that yield them run far and deep beneath our feet .
let ' s end this post with some video of the sinisterly beautiful blood belly comb jelly , featured on this blog a few years ago . monterey bay aquarium folk , i gotta hand it you – you guys know how to score natural history videos .
ou , qiang , shuhai xiao , jian han , ge sun , fang zhang , zhifei zhang , and degan shu .
a vanished history of skeletonization in cambrian comb jellies .
science advances 1 , no . 6 ( 2015 ) : e1500092 .
the views expressed are those of the author ( s ) and are not necessarily those of scientific american .
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it was formerly included within the family pseudomelatomidae .

austrocarina recta

austrocarina laseron , c . f . , 1954 type species : austrocarina recta hedley , c . , 1903
austrocarina recta is a species of small sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family horaiclavidae .
austrocarina recta ( hedley , 1903 ) . retrieved through : world register of marine species on 5 april 2010 .
genus : austrocarina c . f . laseron , 1954 ( db : 2 sp , 1 img )
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figures a - b : 5 . 1 mm , off port arthur , tas ( s ) , dredged specimen , coll . r . de little .
typical shell - length 6 . 0 mm . lives in offshore waters . native . endemic to southeastern australia ( nsw , tas and vic ) .
the web - pages on this web - site are generated from an underlying database . these can be cited as
respectively . whilst great care is taken to accurately identify specimens featured on this web - site and to allocate all records to the most appropriate taxonomic names available , no guarantee is offered that all identifications are accurate , nor that the taxa to which they have been allocated are currently valid . commentaries on habitat , distribution and biology are also subject to change as new information comes to light . if you have any enquiries , or any comments that will help improve the content or appearance of these pages , then please follow the links from ' contact ' on the left - hand panel .
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horaiclavidae bouchet , ph . , yu . i . kantor , a . v . sysoev & n . puillandre , 2011 thumbnails
anacithara hedley , c . , 1922 type species : anacithara naufraga hedley , c . , 1909
aoteadrillia powell , a . w . b . , 1942 type species : aoteadrillia wanganuiensis hutton , f . w . , 1873
austrodrillia hedley , c . , 1918 type species : austrodrillia angasi crosse , h . , 1863
buchema corea , l . f . , 1934 type species : buchema tainoa corea , l . f . , 1934
carinapex dall , w . h . , 1924 type species : carinapex minutissima garrett , a . , 1873
ceritoturris dall , w . h . , 1924 type species : ceritoturris bittium kilburn , r . n . , 1988
coronacomitas shuto , t . , 1983 type species : coronacomitas gemmata shuto , t . , 1983
darrylia garcía , e . f . , 2008 type species : darrylia harryleei garcía , e . f . , 2008
graciliclava shuto , t . , 1983 type species : graciliclava mackayensis shuto , t . , 1983
haedropleura bucquoy , e . j . , ph . dautzenberg & g . f . dollfus , 1882 type species : haedropleura septangularis montagu , g . , 1803
inkinga kilburn , r . n . , 1988 type species : inkinga platystoma smith , e . a . , 1877
inodrillia bartsch , p . , 1943 type species : inodrillia nucleata dall , w . h . , 1881
marshallena allan , j . , 1926 type species : marshallena neozelanica suter , h . h . , 1917
mauidrillia powell , a . w . b . , 1942 type species : unknowngenustype
naskia sysoev , a . v . & d . l . ivanov , 1985 type species : naskia axiplicata sysoev , a . v . & d . l . ivanov , 1985
nquma kilburn , r . n . , 1988 type species : nquma rousi sowerby , g . b . iii , 1886
paradrillia makiyama , j . , 1940 type species : paradrillia dainichiensis dainichiensis yokoyama , m . , 1923
pseudexomilus powell , a . w . b . , 1944 type species : unknowngenustype
psittacodrillia kilburn , r . n . , 1988 type species : psittacodrillia bairstowi sowerby , g . b . iii , 1886
striatoguraleus kilburn , r . n . , 1994 type species : striatoguraleus himaeformis kilburn , r . n . , 1994
vexitomina powell , a . w . b . , 1942 type species : vexitomina metcalfei angas , g . f . , 1867
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 10 / 10 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
filodrillia is a genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family borsoniidae , the cone snails and their allies .
filodrillia is a genus from deep water which resembles etrema in the form of the sinus , but not of the protoconch , but differs in the thin slender shell , turreted whorls , absence of ribs and varix . the spiral sculpture predominates .
this marine genus is endemic to australia and occurs off new south wales , south australia , tasmania and victoria .
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genus : anacithara c . hedley , 1922 ( syn : anacitharoida - db : 43 sp , 24 img )
genus : aoteadrillia a . powell , 1942 ( db : 12 sp , 1 img )
genus : austrodrillia c . hedley , 1918 ( syn : regidrillia - db : 14 sp , 4 img )
genus : buchema l . f . corea , 1934 ( db : 13 sp , 8 img )
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the length of the shell attains 6 mm , its diameter 2 . 5 mm .
( original description ) the thin , tall and narrow shell has a pagodiform shape . the body whorl has a median cylindrical area , angled above and below . the keel along the lower angle is buried by the suture of the following whorl , that along the upper angle projects more and ascends the spire to the protoconch , where it suddenly ceases . above the upper keel the whorl slopes to the suture , below the lower the base is concavely excavated . the colour of the shell is pale yellow . it contains four whorls , plus the protoconch . these whorls are wound obliquely . . the topmost whorl is undulated by about sixteen broad radial ribs , which disappear on the next whorl . fine and coarse spiral threads alternate over the whole surface , and are crossed by fine growth lines . the protoconch is exsert , white , smooth and two - whorled . the aperture is broad . the outer lip is simple . there is no apparent sinus . the short siphonal canal is open and straight . [ 2 ]
this marine species is endemic to australia and occurs off new south wales , queensland , tasmania and victoria .
hedley , c . 1903 . scientific results of the trawling expedition of h . m . c . s .
thetis
off the coast of new south wales in february and march , 1898 , pt . 6 . memoirs of the australian museum 4 ( 1 ) : 326 - 402
hedley , c . 1922 . a revision of the australian turridae . records of the australian museum 13 ( 6 ) : 213 - 359 , pls 42 - 56
may , w . l . 1923 . an illustrated index of tasmanian shells : with 47 plates and 1052 species . hobart : government printer 100 pp .
laseron , c . 1954 . revision of the new south wales turridae ( mollusca ) . australian zoological handbook . sydney : royal zoological society of new south wales 1 - 56 , pls 1 - 12 .
powell , a . w . b . 1969 . the family turridae in the indo - pacific . part . 2 . the subfamily turriculinae . indo - pacific mollusca 2 ( 10 ) : 207 - 415 , pls 188 - 324
wilson , b . 1994 . australian marine shells . prosobranch gastropods . kallaroo , wa : odyssey publishing vol . 2 370 pp .
tucker , j . k . 2004 catalog of recent and fossil turrids ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . zootaxa 682 : 1 - 1295 .
this page was last edited on 11 march 2018 , at 02 : 49 .
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carabus linnaei is a species of gray-coloured ground beetle in the carabinae subfamily that can be found in austria , bulgaria , czech republic , germany , hungary , italy , moldova , poland , romania , russia , slovakia , and ukraine .

carabus linnaei

carabus ( orinocarabus ) linnaei panzer , 1812 = carabus transdanubialis kenyery 1983 = carabus folgariacus bernau 1913 = carabus makairei dejean 1826 .
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museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
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[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
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© carabidae of the world , 2007 - 2018 © a team of authors , in in : anichtchenko a . et al . , ( editors ) 2007 - 2018


ghesquierellana johnstoni is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by tams in 1941 .

it is found in the democratic republic of congo and uganda .

ghesquierellana johnstoni

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boisduval j . b . a . 1833a . faune entomologique de madagascar , bourbon et maurice . lépidoptères . avec des notes sur les moeurs , par m . sganzin . - — : 1–122 , pls . 1–16 .
[ yemen ] , socotra , adho dimellus , 1500–3500 ft ; homhil , 2500 ft . ; jena - agahan , 1200 ft . ; hadibu plain , leg . w . r . o . grant .
hampson g . f . 1899c . the expedition to sokotra . vi . descriptions of one new genus and fourteen new species of moths . - bulletin of the liverpool museums 2 ( 2 ) : 35–39 , pl . 1 .
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panagaeinae is a subfamily of beetles in the family carabidae , containing the following genera : agonica sloane , 1920 ardistomopsis straneo & ball , 1989 bascanus peringuey , 1896 brachygnathus perty , 1830 calathocosmus van emden , 1928 cintaroa kasahara , 1989 coptia brulle , 1835 craspedophorus hope , 1838 dischissus bates , 1873 disphericus waterhouse , 1841 dyschiridium chaudoir , 1861 epigraphodes basilewsky , 1967 epigraphus chaudoir , 1869 eripus dejean , 1829 euschizomerus chaudoir , 1850 geobius dejean , 1831 micrixys leconte , 1854 microcosmodes strand , 1936 panagaeus latreille , 1802 paregraphus basilewsky , 1967 pelecium kirby , 1817 peronomerus schaum , 1854 psecadius alluaud , 1911 pseudagonica moore , 1960 stricteripus straneo & ball , 1989 tefflus leach , 1819 tinoderus chaudoir , 1879 tinognathus chaudoir , 1879 trichisia motschulsky , 1865

panagaeinae

a contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily panagaeinae hope , 1838 from africa . part 2 . revision of the < i > craspedophorus < / i > < i > leprieuri < / i > . . . - pubmed - ncbi
a contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily panagaeinae hope , 1838 from africa . part 2 . revision of the < i > craspedophorus < / i > < i > leprieuri < / i > and < i > c . regalis < / i > groups ( coleoptera : carabidae ) .
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© carabidae of the world , 2007 - 2018 © a team of authors , in in : anichtchenko a . et al . , ( editors ) 2007 - 2018
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department of game management and wildlife biology , faculty of forestry and wood sciences , czech university of life sciences , kamýcká 1176 , cz - 165 21 prague 6 , czech republic . . hackel @ uvn . cz .
afrotropical species of the craspedophorus leprieuri and craspedophorus regalis groups are revised . c . clasispilus ( alluaud , 1915 ) and c . guineensis basilewsky , 1987 are considered as subspecies of c . leprieuri ( laporte de castelnau , 1835 ) ; the synonymized c . peringueyi csiki , 1929 ( = laticollis péringuey , 1904 ) is restated as subspecies of c . leprieuri , and it is described c . leprieuri zambianus ( dr congo : katanga province ; zambia ) ; c . pseudofestivus burgeon , 1930 is considered subspecies of c . merus péringuey , 1904 , and it is described c . merus lundanus ( angola , dr congo : kasai - oriental and katanga provinces ) ; c . bouvieri imperialis burgeon , 1930 is considered to be a separate species of c . bouvieri ( rousseau , 1905 ) , and c . bouvieri dux basilewsky , 1951 is transferred to c . imperialis . the synonymized c . sayersii ( hope , 1842 ) is considered to be a good subspecies of c . regalis . c . bouvieri crampeli ( alluaud , 1915 ) is removed from c . bouvieri , and transferred to c . reflexus ( fabricius , 1781 ) in the c . reflexus species group ( häckel 2016 ) . in this group c . uelensis burgeon , 1930 is considered to be a subspecies of c . reflexus ; and c . bozasi alluaud , 1930 is synonymized with c . reflexus uelensis burgeon , 1930 . c . arnosti häckel 2016 is synonymized with c . reflexus crampeli ( alluaud , 1915 ) , c . ethmoides alluaud , 1930 is synonymized with c . impictus ( boheman , 1848 ) , and c . lebaudyi alluaud , 1932 is synonymized with c . stanleyi alluaud , 1930 .
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : b287b20d - 5004 - 40eb - bd56 - 9fccf1756fc3
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ddbdce14 - e91a - 44c1 - 9779 - 5777f81f14ff
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 0826d945 - 20f7 - 4571 - 856d - 63a83c728317
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 269423
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