argyrosomus regius ( also known as meagre , croaker , jewfish , shade-fish , corvina , salmon-bass or stone bass ) is a fish of the family sciaenidae .

it has a similar form to a european seabass , with a pearly-silver coloration and a yellow-coloured mouth .

length can range from 40 – 50 cm to 2 m long , with weights up to 55 kg .

argyrosomus regius

valter jacinto marked
corvina - legítima / / meagre ( argyrosomus regius )
as trusted on the
argyrosomus regius
page .
reproduction of hatchery - produced meagre argyrosomus regius in captivity i . description of the annual reproductive cycle
seasonal and ontogenic migrations of meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) determined by otolith geochemical s . . .
reproduction of hatchery - produced meagre argyrosomus regius in captivity i . description of the annual reproductive cycle - sciencedirect
reproductive development , gnrha - induced spawning and egg quality of wild meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) . . .
argyrosomus regius , also known as a shade - fish , salmon basse . drum - fish , family : sciaenidae
dietary supplementation of organic selenium improves growth , survival , antioxidant and immune status of meagre , argyrosomus regius , juveniles .
effect of larval density and feeding sequence on meagre ( argyrosomus regius ; asso , 1801 ) larval rear . . .
dietary supplementation of organic selenium improves growth , survival , antioxidant and immune status of meagre , argyrosomus regius , juveniles . - pubmed - ncbi
reproduction of hatchery - produced meagre argyrosomus regius in captivity iii . comparison between gnrha implants and injections on spawning kinetics and egg / larval performance parameters
effects of dietary gracilaria sp . and alaria sp . supplementation on growth performance , metabolic rates and health in meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) subjected to pathogen infection
le maigre commun ( argyrosomus regius ) biology , fisheries , market and rearing potential this survey reports on available literature concerning meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) . total catches are restricted to the eastern atlantic and the mediterranean sea ( 8000 and 1000 metric tons per year , respectively ) . recruitment in french coastal . . .
quèmèner l . , 2002 . le maigre commun ( argyrosomus regius ) . biologie , peche , marche et potential aquacole . editions ifremer , plouzané , france . 31 pp .
quéro , j . c . 1989a . sur la piste des maigres argyrosomus regius ( poissons , scianidae ) du golfe de gascogne et de mauritanie . océanis , 15 ( 2 ) : 161 - 170 .
quéro , j . c . 1989b . le maigre , argyrosomus regius ( asso , 1801 ) ( poissons , scianidae ) en méditerranée occidentale . buletin de la société zoologique de france , 114 ( 4 ) : 81 - 89 .
a . hololepidotus in ref . 57396 refers to a . regius and a . coronus based distribution and ref . 11025 .
le roy , y . 1998 . analyse des captures de maigre ( argyrosomus regius ) dans le golfe de gascogne de 1994 à 1997 . mémoire de fin d ' étude , université des sciences et technologies de lille , france . 17 pp .
tixerant , g . 1974 . contribution à l ' étude de la biologie du maigre ou courbine argyrosomus regius ( asso = sciaena aquila lacép . ) sur la cote mauritanienne . thèse d ' université d ' aix - marseille , france . 146 pp .
bajandas a . c . , rodríguez - rúa a . and cárdenas s . , 2009 . effects of different feeding rates on growth of juvenile meagre , argyrosomus regius ( asso , 1801 ) . aquaculture europe 14 - 17 august 2009 norway , 127 - 128
quéro , j . c . & vayne , j . j . 1987 . le maigre , argyrosomus regius ( asso , 1801 ) ( poissons , perciformes , scianidae ) du golfe de gascogne et des eaux plus septentrionales . revue des travaux de l ' institut des péches maritimes , 49 ( 2 ) : 35 - 66 .
justification : argyrosomus regius is found in a wide range , from norway down to gabon in the eastern atlantic , and throughout the mediterranean , as well as in the western black sea . this species has no major threats and is found in several marine protected areas in the mediterranean . therefore , this species is listed as least concern .
. . . meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) is receiving currently spe - cial attention due to the necessity of species diversifi - cation in mediterranean mariculture ( duncan et al . 2013 ; parisi et al . 2014 ) . nowadays , the annual produc - tion of meagre exceeds 14 , 000 tonnes ( fao 2014 ) . . . .
namngivning : argyrosomus regius ( asso , 1801 ) . originalbeskrivning : perca regia . anales de las ciencias naturales del institut josé acosta , madrid 4 : 42 . etymologi : regius = kunglig ; rex ( lat . ) = kung ; suffixet - ius ( lat . ) . namnet är baserat på ett äldre spanskt namnet på arten , pexerey ( = kungsfisk , pejerrey i modern spanska ) , som återfinns i dess katalanska namn reig , men som på spanska ersatts av corvina . uttal : [ argyrosómus régius ]
argyrosomus regius is found in the eastern atlantic , from norway to gibraltar and congo , mediterranean ( less common around italy and greece ) and the western black sea . also in recent years this species has migrated to the red sea via the suez canal . this species is cultivated in land and seacages , mostly in france and italy ( fao 2006 ) .
el - shebly a . a . , el - kady m . a . h . , hussin a . b . and hossain , y . , 2007 . preliminary observations on the pond culture of meagre , argyrosomus regius ( asso , 1801 ) ( scieanidae ) in egypt . j . fish . aquat . sci . 2 : 345 - 352 .
this paper summarizes results from two comparative studies of the effect of initial larval density and feeding sequence on meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) rearing trials . to determine the density effect , two initial larval densities of 50 larvae l−1 and 100 larvae l−1 were established . for each larval density , three feeding sequences were tested , applying different combinations of rotifers . . . [ show full abstract ]
. . . in europe , the meagre argyrosomus regius ( asso , 1801 ) is the most abundant sciaenidae species . the meagre is a valuable species for local and artisanal fisheries and sport fishing , and it is also reared in aquaculture ( mañanós et al . 2009 ; duncan et al . 2013 ) . weakfish and meagre share several ecological traits ( e . g . . . .
angelini , m . , gilmozzi , m . , lanari , d . & giorni , g . 2002 . allevamento dell ' ombrina bocca d ' oro , argyrosomus regius ( asso ) . pp . 13 - 38 in ricerca per lo sviluppo dell ' acquacoltura toscana . risultati conseguiti , arsia pubblicazione speciale . associazione piscicoltori italiani , cierre grafica , verona , italy . ( in italian ) .
argyrosomus regius uses different water masses during its life history , being associated with estuaries for reproduction . in order to study the life history and migration patterns , variations in otolith na , sr and ba were measured by laser ablation - icpms along transects running from the first year of life to the otolith edge , comprising up to 12 years of age . visual and statistical modelling . . . [ show full abstract ]
poli , b . m . , parisi , g . , mecatti , m . , lupi , p . , iurzan , f . , zampacavallo , g . & gilmozzi , m . 2001b . the meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) , a new species for mediterranean aquaculture . 2 . freshness involution and flesh dietetic traits in large commercial - size fish . european aquaculture society special publication , 29 : 211 - 212 .
poli , b . m . , parisi , g . , mecatti , m . , lupi , p . , iurzan , f . , zampacavallo , g . & gilmozzi , m . 2001a . the meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) , a new species for mediterranean aquaculture . 1 . morphological , merchantable and nutritional traits in a commercial wide size - range . european aquaculture society special publication , 29 : 209 - 210 .
( of sciaena regius ( asso , 1801 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
costa , m . j . , cabral , h . , costa , j . l . , prista , n . , lopes , j . c . ( 2008 ) : corvina - legítima argyrosomus regius : dados biológicos para a gestão e produçáoaquícola de um recurso . final report . instituto de oceanografia , faculdade de ciencias universidade de lisboa , porugal . project ref : dgpa - mare : 22 - 05 - 01 - fdr - 00036 .
( of argyrosomus procerus de la pylaie , 1835 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of argyrosomus regium ( asso , 1801 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
the objective of the study was to acclimatise wild - caught meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) to captivity to produce viable eggs for aquaculture production . twelve meagre ( 3 males and 9 females , mean weight = 20 ± 7 kg ) were caught and transported to a land - based facility on 26 october 2006 . during , march to june 2007 , all three males were spermiating and five of the nine females were in . . . [ show full abstract ]
duncan n . j . , estévez a . , fernández - palacios h . , gairin i . , hernández - cruz c . m . , roo j . , schuchardt d . , vallés , r . 2013 . aquaculture production of meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) : hatchery techniques , ongrowing and market . in : allan , g . , burnell , g . ( eds . ) , advances in aquaculture hatchery technology . woodhead publishing limited , cambridge , uk .
. . . meagre , or argyrosomus regius , is a sciaenid fish distributed in the mediterranean , black sea and along the atlantic coasts of europe and africa ( poli et al . , 2003 ) . temperatures range from a winter low of 16 °c to a summer high of 25 °c in their natural habitat ( duncan et al . , 2013 ) . meagre enter the mouths of estuaries in groups for spawning in spring , which takes place until late summer . . . .
argyrosomus regius is an important fishing resource in the gulf of cádiz and from the gulf of guinea to the bay of biscay , including the mediterranean sea . large adult meagres , c . > 110 - cm total length ( lt ) , apparently reproduce in coastal brackish waters . the objective of this study was to analyse maturity and growth in this species , and together with the analysis of landings , formulate a conceptual model of its life - history along the spanish coast of the gulf of cádiz . large a . regius were landed near estuaries from march to august , all of which were mature . small ( 20–70cmlt ) a . regius were landed all year round ; females were immature , whereas 26 % of the males presented precocious maturation . the estimated length - at - first maturity was 61 . 6cm for males and was inferred to occur within the 70–110cm range in females . the estimated growth constant k and l∞ of the von bertalanffy model were 0 . 15year−1 and 171 . 9cmlt respectively . estimates of relative yield - per - recruit suggest that growth overfishing is likely to occur under the current absence of regulations . according to the proposed conceptual model , a . regius spawns in estuaries from march to august . early stages inhabit the estuaries and then recruit to coastal waters where they stay during the first 2–3 years of life . thereafter , intermediate–size a . regius ( 70–110cmlt ) become unavailable to the local fishery . once they mature , they migrate back to spawn , and to be fished again by the fishery .
justification : argyrosomus regius is rare to not uncommon in the mediterranean sea and the aggregated catch statistics for this species indicate increasing effort . as yet , no significant declines have been recorded and therefore this species is considered least concern . it should be noted that most of the catch statistics are from a single country ( egypt ) and that in some countries ( e . g . , turkey ) the catch statistics for this species indicate that there may be a serious problem and a targeted management program is needed .
the morphological and functional development of the digestive system in meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) was described by means of histological and enzymatic approaches in order to provide insight into the digestive physiology of the species at early life stages of development . combining histological and enzymatic analytical procedures we evidenced that stomach ' s functionality did not match its morphological organization , since pepsin activity was not detected until some days after the appearance of the first gastric glands . this indicates that authors need to be cautious when extracting conclusions about the beginning of acid digestion and the onset of weaning of larvae just using histological data .
chris gilbertson ( mevagissey marine aquarium , cornwall ) reported an unusual fish caught in a gill net set for cod five miles off the south cornish coast in 40 metres of water . it has been positively identified as a maigre or shadefish , argyrosomus regius . it resembles a bass in form with a pearly - silver coloration and it is estimated to weigh about 1 . 6 kg ( 3 . 5 lb ) , but is different in many respects including a salmon - coloured mouth , 9 rays on the first dorsal fin and distinctive large scales , with every fourth scale set at a different angle .
( of argyrosomus procerus de la pylaie , 1835 ) eschmeyer , w . n . ; fricke , r . ; van der laan , r . ( eds ) . ( 2017 ) . catalog of fishes : genera , species , references . electronic version . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
meagre ( . argyrosomus regius ) have good potential for aquaculture . culture characteristics include controlled spawning in captivity , relatively easy larval rearing , fast growth , good feed conversion ratios and no maturation during ongrowing . whilst characteristics of the final product include good processing yield , low fat content , good taste and firm texture . this chapter details the present knowledge on the biology of the species , the culture protocols being used through the entire production cycle ( broodstock management , larval rearing , pre - ongrowing and ongrowing ) , product quality , market and economics of production . finally future prospects and challenges to achieve mass production are examined .
. . . large - scale fish farming in the mediterranean sea was developed in the early nineties . today , european seabass ( dicentrarchus labrax ) and gilthead seabream ( sparus aurata ) aquaculture is an important source of income in many mediterranean regions ( trujillo et al . , 2012 ) , while meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) is still an emerging species for mediterranean aquaculture ( duncan et al . , 2013 ) . nevertheless , some studies have revealed serious potential ecological implications of escapees in the mediterranean , such as competition for local resources , spread of diseases and parasites , genetic interactions , and in general , urltoken . . .
this survey reports on available literature concerning meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) . total catches are restricted to the eastern atlantic and the mediterranean sea ( 8000 and 1000 metric tons per year , respectively ) . recruitment in french coastal areas is uncertain . annual catches ( mainly small - sized fish and low market prices ) are in the range of 100 - 700 tons . meagre could be interesting for aquaculture : high flesh quality and flavour , high commercial value over 2 kg , rapid growth between 16 and 20°c , high tolerance to salinity . the first , two - year , trials on meagre grow - out are underway in two commercial fish farms on the french mediterranean coast .
. . . large - scale fish farming in the mediterranean sea was developed in the early nineties . today , european seabass ( dicentrarchus labrax ) and gilthead seabream ( sparus aurata ) aquaculture is an important source of income in many mediterranean regions ( trujillo et al . , 2012 ) , while meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) is still an emerging species for mediterranean aquaculture ( duncan et al . , 2013 ) . nevertheless , some studies have revealed serious potential ecological implications of escapees in the mediterranean , such as competition for local resources , spread of diseases and parasites , genetic interactions , and in general , destabilization of the food chains in coastal marine ecosystems ( e . g . . . .
. . . for example , spawning atlantic salmon ( salmo salar ) show a capacity to synthesize lc - pufa comparable to that of freshwater species [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] . the meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) , a carnivorous marine teleost that displays natural spawning migration into estu - aries [ 13 ] , has the potential to contribute to the diversification of aquaculture production , as this species adapts easily to captivity and exhibits high growth rates in marine envi - ronments [ 14 , 15 ] . from a market viewpoint , the meagre has good potential due to its low lipid content , despite the high proportion of lc - pufa [ 16 ] . . . .
common name ( s ) : shade - fish , bubbler , bar , jew - fish , croaker , salmon - basse , stone basse , sea - sheep , herring hog ( name given also to the porpoise ) , sergeant fish , drumfish ( us ) , aigle . meagre , maigre ( a mistake ) . ( sariagiz which means yellow mouth [ medit ] ) , granyoz [ turkey ] corvina [ portugal ] ( croatian : hama , grb - grb means insignia , badge , and hama doesn ' t mean anything ) more notes scientific name : argyrosomus regius ( = sciaena aquila ) family : sciaenidae ( drums ) size : to 48 kg ( 100 lb ) to 1 . 9 metres
( of argyrosomus procerus de la pylaie , 1835 ) de la pylaie . ( 1835 ) . recherches , en france , sur les poissons de l ' océan , pendant les années 1832 et 1833 . mem . congr . sci . france , 2nd sess . , poitiers , 1834 . rouen . 524 - 534 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
griffiths , m . h . , heemstra , p . c . ( 1995 ) : a contribution to the taxonomy of the marine fish genus argyrosomus ( perciformes : sciaenidae ) , with descriptions of two new species from southern africa . ichthyological bulletin of the j . l . b . smith institute of ichthyology , rhodes university . no . 65 , 40pp .
the objective of this review is to present current status of meagre aquaculture in croatia . meagre argyrosomus regius ( asso , 1801 ) is a fast growing migratory fish species which used to be widespread along the coast of the adriatic sea . today , it is very rare in fisheries catches and is considered highly endangered . recently , meagre has become an increasingly important species in the mediterranean aquaculture . in croatia , meagre is a relatively new cultured species whose farming started after the year 2000 . since the european commission identified species diversification as a top priority in the framework of the 2020 strategies for aquaculture , and with recent studies revealing that meagre adapt easily to captivity and maintain a rapid growth rate , this species became an interesting candidate for croatian as well as mediterranean aquaculture .
. . . the meagre ( argyrosomus regius ) is a member of the sciaenidae family and is found mostly near estuaries of the mediterranean sea and the atlantic coast of europe and north africa ( gil et al . , 2013 ; griffiths and heemstra , 1995 ; morales - nin et al . , 2012 ) . the first reproductive maturation in nature occurs at a total length ( tl ) of 45 - 62 cm for males and 47 - 70 cm for females ( abou shabana et al . , 2012 ; gonzález - quirós et al . , 2011 ) . earlier maturation has been observed in culture , and it has been reported to occur at a tl of 27 cm ( 2 - years - old ) for males and 36 cm ( 3 - years - old ) for females ( schiavone et al . , 2012 ) . . . .
meagre , argyrosomus regius asso 1801 , is a new aquaculture species and its fast growing makes it interesting in aquaculture sector in europe . aquaculture of meagre began in france with an annual production of 30 t in 1997 and reached 2200 t in egypt , 1348 t in spain , 418 t in france in 2009 ( fao , 2011 ) . the techniques of ongrowing are similar to culture techniques of both european seabass and gilthead seabream ( duncan et all 2013 ) . meagre is a promising aquaculture species for its high growth rate ( around 1 kg per year ) and good feed conversion ratio ( duncan et al . , 2013 ) . turkey is one of the biggest meagre producers in europe by 5 million fry production in 2012 . in turkey , ongrowing of meagre is happening in floating cages . this research is aimed to understand the condition of summer season production of meagre in earthen pond .
. . . the aquaculture production of meagre argyrosomus regius ( sciaenidae ) has increased rapidly in the last decade , in part due to the development of effective spawning induction methods ( duncan et al . , 2012 ; duncan et al . , 2013 ; fernández - palacios et al . , 2014 ; mylonas et al . , 2015 ) , since meagre rarely undergo spontaneous oocyte maturation , ovulation and spawning in captivity ( duncan et al . , 2013 ; gil et al . , 2013 ; mylonas et al . , 2013b ; soares et al . , 2015 ) . meagre exhibit an asynchronous or group - synchronous oocyte development pattern ( duncan et al . , 2012 ; gil et al . , 2013 ; schiavone et al . , 2006 ) with a spawning season in the wild extending from late spring to early fall , depending on geographic location ( abou shabana et al . , 2012 ; gonzález - quirós et al . , 2011 ) . . . .
. . . the aquaculture production of meagre argyrosomus regius ( sciaenidae ) has increased rapidly in the last decade , in part due to the development of effective spawning induction methods ( duncan et al . , 2012 ; duncan et al . , 2013 ; fernández - palacios et al . , 2014 ; mylonas et al . , 2015 ) , since meagre rarely undergo spontaneous oocyte maturation , ovulation and spawning in captivity ( duncan et al . , 2013 ; gil et al . , 2013 ; mylonas et al . , 2013b ; soares et al . , 2015 ) . meagre exhibit an asynchronous or group - synchronous oocyte development pattern ( duncan et al . , 2012 ; gil et al . , 2013 ; schiavone et al . , 2006 ) with a spawning season in the wild extending from late spring to early fall , depending on geographic location ( abou shabana et al . , 2012 ; gonzález - quirós et al . , 2011 ) . . . .
the aim of the current work is to study the reproductive biology of argyrosomus regius ( asso , 1801 ) collected from the wild catch of egyptian mediterranean coast . this is to give a clear image about the spawning season , length at first sexual maturity , and to identify gonadal maturation using histological analysis in respect to steroid hormone concentration throughout 1 year period . the present results revealed that wild meagre has a protracted spawning season starting in april and ending in july . the length at first sexual maturity of female fishes started at larger lengths than males 47 cm for females and 45 cm for males . by comparing calculated gonadosomatic index ( gsi ) to histological analysis it is clear that male fishes started gonadal maturation before female fishes . plasma steroid level showed fluctuations in its mean concentration as testosterone showed massive increase during male gonadal maturation and ripening stages . plasma progesterone and estradiol levels displayed different patterns in their mean concentration during developmental stages throughout the maturation period of ovaries and testes . they showed significant declination in mature fish plasma followed by an insignificant increase during nearly ripe and ripening periods .
. . . the aquaculture production of meagre argyrosomus regius ( sciaenidae ) has increased rapidly in the last decade , in part due to the development of effective spawning induction methods ( duncan et al . , 2012 ; duncan et al . , 2013 ; fernández - palacios et al . , 2014 ; mylonas et al . , 2015 ) , since meagre rarely undergo spontaneous oocyte maturation , ovulation and spawning in captivity ( duncan et al . , 2013 ; gil et al . , 2013 ; mylonas et al . , 2013b ; soares et al . , 2015 ) . meagre exhibit an asynchronous or group - synchronous oocyte development pattern ( duncan et al . , 2012 ; gil et al . , 2013 ; schiavone et al . , 2006 ) with a spawning season in the wild extending from late spring to early fall , depending on geographic location ( abou shabana et al . , 2012 ; gonzález - quirós et al . , 2011 ) . in aquaculture , experiments with gnrha treatments were effective in inducing maturation of both wild - caught ( duncan et al . , 2012 ) and hatchery - produced broodstocks ( fernández - palacios et al . , 2014 ; mylonas et al . , 2013a ; mylonas et al . , 2015 ) . . . .
. . . a . regius is one of the world ' s largest sciaenid fish , reaching more than 180 cm in total length and 50 kg in weight ( quéméner , 2002 ; quéro and vayne , 1987 ) . it is a fast - growing species , especially during the first 5 years of life , and its growth shows wide variation ( gonzález - quirós et al . , 2011 ) . the reported asymptotic length at infinity ( l ∞ ) ranges from a total length of 171 . 9 cm ( gulf of cádiz ; gonzález - quirós et al . , 2011 ) to 210 cm ( mauritanian coast ; tixerant , 1974 ) , although these variations could be influenced by the different methodologies used in the estimates . . . .
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eschmeyer , w . n . 2013 . catalog of fishes . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 9 sep 2013 ) .
this species is found in the eastern atlantic from southern iceland to gabon , including the canary islands and sao tome principe . it is found throughout the mediterranean sea , in the western black sea , and has migrated into the red sea . this species cultivated in land and sea cages , mostly in france and italy ( food and agriculture organization , 2006 - 2008 ) . in the eastern atlantic , it is present from norway to gibraltar and congo , the mediterranean ( less common around italy and greece ) and the black sea . it has migrated to the red sea via the suez canal ( an anti - lessepsian migrant ) .
food and agriculture organization ( fao ) statistics for the mediterranean show a steady but fluctuating increase in landings since 1990 , probably due to increased effort , with fluctuations between 1 , 000 t and 3 , 000 t from 1995 to 2006 ( fao 2006 ) . it is rare to not uncommon throughout most of its range in the mediterranean . landings in eastern turkey have declined along with its size distribution .
this is a demersal , oceanodromous species . it occurs in inshore and shelf waters , close to the bottom as well as in surface and mid - waters , pursuing shoals of clupeids and mugilids . adults congregate inshore to spawn during spring and summer . juveniles and subadults enter estuaries and coastal lagoons , and recruitment success may be dependent on these habitats ( chao and trewavas 1990 ) . both adults and juveniles are migratory , moving along shore or offshore - onshore in response to temperature change ( penrith 1978 ) . the species feeds on fishes and swimming crustaceans and mostly occurs over sand , close to rocks , at 1 - 200 m max , but commonly found at 15 - 100 m ( louisy 2002 ) . the nile delta , levrier bay , and gironde estuary are the three main spawning sites in the north atlantic and mediterranean sea , with large numbers of adults aggregating between may and july ( lagardere and mariani 2006 ) .
this is a commercial species . species utilization can include recreational and educational use for public exhibits and it is caught alive for this purpose . it is also a target in sport fishing . experimental aquaculture exists for this species in the mediterranean ( cognetti et al . 2006 , aguado - gimenez et al . 2007 ) .
this is a commercial species , mainly caught by trawls , long lines , and hand lines . species utilization can include recreational and educational use for public exhibits and it is caught alive for this purpose . it is also a target in sport fishing . experimental aquaculture exists for this species in the mediterranean ( cognetti et al . 2006 , aguado - gimenez et al . 2007 ) . habitat destruction of estuarine environments is a particular threat because juveniles depend on these areas for nursery grounds . threats also include pollution of rivers , the transfer of disease from cultivated animals to wild populations , and overfishing .
in the mediterranean , this species occurs in marine protected areas . the size limit for commercial fisheries is 25 cm tl in turkey . due to its large size and insufficient information available , a targeted management program is needed that includes size limitation based on size at maturity . it is also recommended that an inventory or register of large live specimens ( > 2 m ) held in aquaria within the region be collected to understand biology of the species .
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relatively big head with elongated body . mouth in terminal position without barbils . eyes quite small . lateral line evident , extending onto caudal fin . second dorsal fin much longer than first . anal fin has a first short spiny ray and a second very thin one . several branched appendices are present in the gas bladder , which can vibrate producing a typical ' grunt ' . very large otoliths . body colour silver - grey , with bronze traits dorsally . fin base reddish brown and mouth cavity yellow - gold . post - mortem colour brown . reaches up to 2 m in length and 50 kg in weight .
the history of meagre in aquaculture is quite recent . first trials with wild broodstock were conducted in the south of france , where some of the sciaenidae family were thought to have good aquaculture potential . starting from 1996 , fry production has been very limited , with a single hatchery operating in france . in fact the rearing protocol of this species is still relatively unknown , and has not yet been made public . the first commercial production ( in france ) was recorded in 1997 . since then production has expanded slowly in nearby regions , especially on the tyrrhenian side of the italian coast , and in corsica . the adult meagre market is now slowly expanding , especially in italy ; this could promote fry production in the future , as well as research on fry and juvenile production . commercial production in italy was first reported to fao only in 2002 .
farmed meagre come from intensive production , conducted both in land - based tanks and cages . production facilities are few and mainly distributed in southern france ( camargue , cannes , and corsica ) and italy ( la spezia and orbetello ) .
at present ( 2004 ) , the supply of seed still comes from a single hatchery in the south of france . there are probably two main reasons . firstly , market demand is not great enough to justify greater fingerling production ; secondly market demand is insufficient to persuade other hatcheries to develop their own production protocol for this species .
a specific nursery phase is not compulsory for meagre . however , fingerlings are normally delivered between 3 g and 20 g and are stocked into small ponds or cages ( about 80 - 100 m³ ) at 300 - 350 fish / m³ . usually they are kept for 3 months until they reach 100 g . during this phase survival rate is around 80 percent .
ongrowing techniques are similar to those used for european seabass and gilthead seabream . in land - based farms production is mainly achieved in circular or rectangular tanks with a water depth of 1 m and a volume of 500 m³ ; the tanks are usually covered with pvc cloth to avoid skin abrasions , especially where they are concrete . the tanks may be circular or rectangular and are stocked with 100 g fish at about 50 / m³ . at normal stocking density ( 50 / m³ ) meagre reach 800 - 1 200 g in less than 24 months . very often they are fed until they reach 2 000 - 3 000 g , a size that is more suitable for fillets or slices . nowadays meagre is mainly farmed in the sea , using circular or square surface cages of 500 - 1 000 m³ . more recently , submerged cages have also successfully been used ; these 2 000 m³ cages are submerged at 10 - 20 m , and a low stocking density ( 10 - 15 / m³ ) is used . good results have been obtained in terms of growth rate and fcr .
feed is supplied by all the major aquafeed producers . meagre feed is similar to that used for other mediterranean marine species . an extruded feed with 45 - 48 percent protein and up to 20 - 24 percent lipid is used . in land - based farms 2 to 3 meals per day are presented ; in sea cages a single daily meal is often normal . in sea cages , where oxygen levels are not normally problematic , meagre can be fed with 1 - 2 percent bw / day , especially during the first year , when water temperatures are above 18 ºc . an fcr of about 1 . 7 : 1 has been achieved ; in some cases ( in large sea cages with a stocking density below 50 m³ ) , trails are showing even better fcrs .
harvesting occurs throughout the entire year . during winter , large size fish tend to accumulate perivisceral fat , and so it is usually better to harvest smaller sizes during the cold season , especially those in sea cages . seines are normally used for harvesting but sometimes special fish pumps are employed . harvested fish are immersed in an ice - water solution , as rapidly as possible .
even though meagre are quite resistant to handling , care is still needed . scales can easily be lost and tails damaged . their eyes are also quite delicate and being hit may cause blindness . sometimes meagre are gutted and / or filleted soon after harvesting . studies are being conducted on the best harvesting protocols to optimize the shelf life of the final product .
since the number of production units is low , cost comparisons are difficult to make . in land - based systems costs depend mainly upon the size of the farm . however , in cage culture the major expense is the cost of juveniles ; currently these must be bought in the south of france . generally , feed represents the other major cost during grow - out but it is lower than other marine fish species , since the fcr for meagre is generally better .
there are still few data regarding diseases of this species . it seems that they are quite resistant to the bacterial diseases experienced by other marine species . there have been cases of parasitism ( such as
sp . ) . prevention is mainly achieved by controlling density and water quality .
in some cases antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals have been used in treatment but their inclusion in this table does not imply an fao recommendation .
each producing country has a government authority responsible for upholding statutory requirements , such as licensing , discharge control , notifiable disease control , etc . contact the relevant government aquaculture / fisheries / animal health departments . the supply of diagnostic services may be carried out by government departments or private organizations or individuals .
production of farmed meagre is very limited so far and is confined to the mediterranean basin ( southern france , corsica and italy ) . reported production in 2002 was 231 tonnes ( 50 percent from italian cages ; 7 percent from italian tanks ; 40 percent from french cages ; 3 percent from french tanks ) with a value of usd 1 . 55 million .
the mean market price of meagre coming from the capture fisheries varied little between 1985 and 1991 ( eur 2 - 4 / kg ) but it increased from 1992 ( eur 4 . 5 - 6 / kg ) . in 1996 prices dropped to eur 4 - 5 / kg , due to the increased availability from large mediterranean catches , and remained relatively stable until 1998 . following low production in 1999 , prices suddenly increased to eur 6 / kg . since then , there has been an increase in demand for fish weighing more than 2 kg , which is sold between eur 7 - 12 / kg . southern france and italy are the most important markets for this species ( at 1 - 3 kg ) ; nowadays the supply comes from both capture fisheries and aquaculture . since 2002 , producers are trying to differentiate between meagre products : smaller fish ( 600 g to 1 kg ) are sold whole or filleted , while bigger fish ( 1 kg to 3 - 5 kg ) are sliced or filleted and smoked . the smoking procedure is very recent and is giving good results . meagre meat quality is considered very good , due to its very high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids .
recently a research project on meagre funded by the italian regional agency for the development and innovation of agriculture ( arsia ) has investigated several aspects , such as reproduction , grow - out and quality issues . other projects are forecast , focussing on reproduction and juvenile production protocols . economic and technical comparisons of land - based versus cage culture for meagre production are underway . meagre are included in shelf - life studies .
it is a particularly lean fish , even when grown intensively and receiving the high fat diets that produce high quality marketable products .
it has a high dressing percentage , low adiposity , healthy muscular lipid content , and long shelf life .
it reaches relatively large commercial sizes quite rapidly , showing promise for the processing industry ; this could create a different market niche for meagre , compared to seabass and seabream .
a small but steady increase in the production of farmed meagre is expected in the next few years , especially in central italy ( southern tuscany area ) .
juvenile quality cannot yet be controlled , since there is currently only one source .
demand is low , because meagre products are not yet sufficiently well - known to the public . meagre is generally sold by farms that also produce seabass and seabream , which ( so far ) are generally more appreciated .
like the farming of other marine species , meagre culture has some negative impacts on the environment ( such as potential pollution and disease transfer ) , due to the intensity of its production . however , fish escapes from cages are not considered a major problem because meagre is endemic in the mediterranean basin ( recently a few hundred meagre escaped from a cage in tuscany but all were collected nearby within a few days by the local trawling fleet , indicating that this species does not move very fast and is easily recaptured ; this reduces the risk of altering the existing fish community structure ) .
lanari , d . & tibaldi , e . 2003 . ricerca per lo sviluppo dell ' acquacoltura toscana . risultati conseguiti . associazione piscicoltori italiani , cierre grafica , verona , italy . 209 pp . ( in italian ) .
quéro , j . c . & vayne , j . j . 1989 . parlons maigres . annales de la société des sciences naturelles de la charente - maritime , 7 ( 7 ) : 869 - 885 .
quéro , j . c . & vayne , j . j . 1993 . nouvel indice sur les pérégrinations du maigre . annales de la société des sciences naturelles de la charente - maritime , 8 ( 2 ) : 127 - 128 .
quéro , j . c . & vayne , j . j . 1997 . les poissons de mer des péches francaises . delachaux et niestlé sa , lausanne - paris , france . 304 pp .
greek , argyros = silvered , silver + greek , soma = body ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; brackish ; benthopelagic ; oceanodromous ( ref . 51243 ) ; depth range 15 - 300 m ( ref . 2683 ) . subtropical ; 65°n - 6°s , 23°w - 36°e
eastern atlantic : norway to gibraltar and congo , including the mediterranean and the black sea . migrated to the red sea via the suez canal .
maturity : l m ? , range 80 - ? cm max length : 230 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5377 ) ; common length : 150 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3593 ) ; max . published weight : 103 . 0 kg ( ref . 11036 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 10 - 11 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 27 - 29 . rough scales , second dorsal fin ( soft ray ) twice as long as first , spiny rayed dorsal fin ( ref . 35388 ) .
adults are found inshore and shelf waters , close to bottom as well as in surface and mid - waters , pursuing shoals of clupeids and mugilids . they congregate inshore to spawn during spring and summer . juveniles and sub - adults enter estuaries and coastal lagoons ( ref . 3593 ) . both adults and juveniles are migratory moving along shore or offshore - onshore in response to temperature change ( ref . 11025 ) . feed on fishes and swimming crustaceans .
chao , l . n . and e . trewavas , 1990 . sciaenidae . p . 813 - 826 . in j . c . quero , j . c . hureau , c . karrer , a . post and l . saldanha ( eds . ) check - list of the fishes the eastern tropical atlantic ( clofeta ) . jnict , lisbon ; sei , paris ; and unesco , paris . vol . 2 . ( ref . 3593 )
) : 13 . 3 - 19 . 4 , mean 15 . 3 ( based on 169 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5020 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00851 ( 0 . 00759 - 0 . 00955 ) , b = 3 . 07 ( 3 . 04 - 3 . 10 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 3 ±0 . 75 se ; based on food items .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( k = 0 . 09 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : high to very high vulnerability ( 67 of 100 ) .
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it resembles a bass in form with a pearly - silver coloration , but is different in many respects including a salmon - coloured mouth , 9 rays on the first dorsal fin and distinctive large scales , with every fourth scale set at a different angle . large mouth .
grey mullets and shoaling estuarine fish , sardines . ( further research in progress ) .
ne atlantic coast south of the british isles and mediterranean sea . extremely rare off sw britain . recorded off
able to make a drumming noise with muscles adjacent to the swim bladder that can be heard at up to 30 metres .
40 metres of water . it has been positively identified as a maigre or shadefish .
drumfishes are found in the warmer seas and there are at least 160 different species . with the right audio software you can even hear some species on the internet . they were recorded when spawning at pamlico sound , north carolina . the url is :
the meagre drumfish , also called the shade - fish , may still be common off the african mediterranean and atlantic coasts . it is still a magnificent fish . the one caught off cornwall was only a juvenile . adult fish can attain a length of 1 . 9 metres and weights of 48 kg ( 100
) . it is also a fine sporting fish and extremely good eating . because , it is reported to inhabit shallow seas , it may have been over - fished off the european coast centuries ago . i would be interested to know if this fish is well known to fishermen and scientists in the mediterranean . it is so rare in british seas that there are no angling records . a few specimens were caught in the north sea during the 19th century .
the fish was 54 cm long ( tl ) and weighed 1 . 35 kg .
was a transcription mistake in an old book and i have discontinued its vernacular use .
the maigre is a member of the drum family of fishes sciaenidae . this must be a young fish as specimens of this species can reach 48 kg ( 100
) and may be even larger . it is a rare fish throughout its range in the mediterranean sea with records as far north as the english channel extremely rare . other names this fish may be known as include shade - fish , bar and bubbler . it is reported to make a whirring noise as it swims . the common name seems unsuitable for this large predatory fish and is translated into english from the french as meagre . other names according to the
contains more information , including an illustration , e . g . a graph of spanish catches .
, but i noted that you asked for any information available about this fish . in the present i ' m studying at sparsholt college , winchester , but i spent all summer working in a restaurant in arrifana , in the southwestern coast of algarve , portugal - apart from being a common fish in the local restaurants and fish markets , it used to be much more common that it is nowadays , although some big schools are reported from time to time , usually formed by
youngsters
- this same summer i was told that a fishing boat found , in the coast off rogil , its nets filled with 9 - 11 kg meagres , or
corvinas
in portuguese . i had a report of other two , supposedly of much bigger size than the former , being seen by a spear fisherman , about 200 metres off the coast , just south of arrifana .
the corvinas more usually seen in the fish market in aljezur weighed about 7 - 15 kg , but these were caught by the fishing boats based in lagos , in the southern coast of algarve .
in vila nova de milfontes , a coastal village of alentejo , in the mouth of river mira , corvinas are well known to local fishermen , as some big specimens are caught there from time to time , and in the past , they could be heard while spawning next to the bridge which crosses the river mira - this same spot is protected , and corvinas are believed to spawn there in our days , although i don ' t know of any
drumming report
, but as i said , i am not an expert .
as you wanted information , i just dropped a few lines to tell you that corvinas are commercially important in the south coast of portugal , although they are much scarcer than in the old times , according to old fishermen .
spawning occurs from may to july in the italian coast . both adults and juveniles are migratory , moving longshore or offshore / onshore in response to change in water temperature . the largest size recorded is 180 cm ( total length ) . the flesh is very good , it is a much sought - after fish . there are not aquaculture rearing still , but something is starting in the south of tuscany .
well , if you will have more information in the future , contact me please . i
although i ' m not a professional in these matters , i am pretty familiar with fish species of adriatic sea .
( croatian : hama , grb - grb means insignia , badge , and hama doesn ' t mean anything ) is one of three adriatic species of family sciaenidae .
bojana ) and even in freshwater . region of ulcinj in montenegro , by the mouth of river bojana is probably the last place in adriatic sea where it can be found .
was a famous species among fishermen from omis ( by the mouth of river cetina in croatia ) by its very fine flesh and being
the hardest species to catch
.
/ granyoz in turkey ) caught by local fisherman off the coast of foça 100 cm . long and about 35 - 40 kg . each . had never seen the fish before . the men told me and my husband that it was a rare catch . looked up info on granyoz ( a corruption of grandiose perhaps ? ) which took me to
and on to your website . you wanted info from anyone who had seen them - which probably meant alive but alas - not to be ! beautiful colored scales . very sad if they are becoming endangered . a local website tells us of a time around the end of the 80 ' s when in one week they were caught literally in tons around the izmir bay area ; weight ranging from 4 to 12 kg .
an extraordinary fish - much curiosity was created in the fish market this morning by the exposure for sale of a very extraordinary fish , by mrs newman . its dimensions alone would count for this , inasmuch as it weighed no less than sixty - seven pounds ; measured five feet four inches in length ; and about three feet round the thickest part . in form , it was not unlike the salmon , though differing materially from it in many other respects ; for instance , it was said to be like chicken when cooked ; and it had rows of very sharp teeth extending considerably down its throat - upon both sides . the monster was caught at bonne nuit on thursday morning last , and bought to mrs newman for sale in the public market . of course mrs newman satisfied herself in the first instance that it was fit for food , and after gleaning other particulars , proceeded to retail it at one shilling per pound . so great was the demand for a taste of the
monster of the deep
that by four o ' clock only the head remained . it is a kind of white fish , which is seldom caught off the coast of this island ; and when caught , still more seldom in the shape of such a magnificent specimen as was offered for sale today .
on tuesday mr savidan , of rocquaine , while off rocquaine fishing for conger , caught with a line a shade fish
sciaena aquila
of yarrell , measuring three feet ten inches in length , and weighing upwards of 27 lbs . english weight . the shade fish is found throughout the mediterranean , and as far south as the west indies , but occasionally visits our waters , being sometimes captured by fishermen on the coast of england . it is very powerful for its size , great difficulty being sometimes experienced in preventing it carrying away the line after being hooked - guernsey comet .
nicolas jouault ; the above fish was displayed in the fish market and drew some attention , so i presume it was fairly large . i now wonder if the below and previously reported fish was also a meagre


chilo psammathis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by hampson in 1919 .

it is found in ghana and nigeria .

chilo psammathis

chilo orichalcociliellus ( strand , 1911 ) = diatraea orichalcociliella strand , 1911 = diatraea argyrolepia hampson , 1919 = diatraea argyrolepia hampson , 1919 = chilo orichalcociliella strand 1911 .
chilo is a genus of moths of the family crambidae . some of these moths are called borers .
chilo sacchariphagus ( bojer , 1856 ) = proceras sacchariphagus bojer , 1856 = venosatum = proceras venosatum = diatraea venosata .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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the proboscis is absent . palpi porrect ( extended forward ) , clothes with rough hair , and extending from two and a half to three lengths of the head . maxillary palp dilated with scales at extremity . frons with a conical projection . antennae minutely serrate and ciliated . tibia with outer spurs about two - thirds length of inner . forewings with the apex rectangular in male , typically acute and produced in female . vein 3 from before angle of cell and veins 4 and 5 well separated at origin . vein 7 straight and well separated from veins 8 and 9 . vein 10 free , whereas vein 11 curved and approximated to vein 12 . hindwings with vein 3 from near angle of cell . veins 4 and 5 from angle and veins 6 and 7 from upper angle . [ 2 ]
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- wit and learning , of baseness and nobility , of personalities and bro . . . . . . possible . perrault found the subjects of his stories in the tales told by
and nurses . he fixed them finally by writing them down . floating ab . . . . . . tidoted fanfreluches , or a galimatia of extravagant conceits . the rats and
, or ( that i may not lie ) other wicked beasts , had nibbled off the beg . . . . . . d the muses . chapter 1 . iii . how gargantua was carried eleven months in his
’s belly . grangousier was a good fellow in his time , and notable jest . . . . . . eir to the deceased , if , before he died , he had no other children , and the
shall pass for an honest woman . when she is known to have conceived , . . . . . . . gellius , lib . 3 , c . 15 , and many other writers , —to diagoras the rhodian ,
, sophocles , dionysius the tyrant of sicily , philippides , philemon , p . . . . . . in doing whereof , they have given occasion to , and verified the saying of
the lacedaemonian , con - secrated to the oracle at delphos , that miser . . .
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greya politella is a moth of the family prodoxidae .

it is found from southern british columbia to the channel islands of california and the southern sierra nevada , and from the pacific coast to eastern idaho and south-western colorado .

it is found in a variety of habitats , ranging from open oak woodlands in the south to open grassland and the edges of dry , open ponderosa pine forests in the north , as well as sagebrush steppe in washington .

the wingspan is 11.5 – 20 mm .

the forewings are uniform brownish grey scattered with grayish white scales , giving them an iridescent bronzy lustre .

the hindwings are of the same color , but do not possess the iridescent bronzy lustre .

the larvae feed on saxifragaceae species , including lithophragma , heuchera grossulariifolia , heuchera micrantha and heuchera saxicola .

they initially live in a capsule of their host plant , feeding on the seeds .

older larvae create a shelter of leaves on their host and complete feeding from within .

pupation takes place inside this shelter .

greya politella

phylogeography and host association in a pollinating seed parasite greya politella ( lepidoptera : prodoxidae ) .
phylogeography and host association in a pollinating seed parasite greya politella ( lepidoptera : prodoxidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
female ovipositing into host lithophragma flower , and folded leaf containing late - instar larva or pupa of g . politella .
further ecological studies of g . politella and the species that it interacts with are currently under way by and associates at washington state university .
thompson , j . n . 1997 . coevolution among geographically structured populations : greya moths and their host plants . ecology , in press .
for example , the moth greya politella pollinates the flowers of a small herb called the prairie star ( lithophragma parviflorum ) . the female moth pollinates while she lays eggs ( oviposits ) in the corolla of the flower . as she pushes her abdomen down into a flower , pollen adheres to her . she flies…
brown , j . m . , j . h . leebens - mack , j . n . thompson , o . pellmyr & r . g . harrison . 1996 . phylogeography and host association in a pollinating seed parasite , greya politella ( lepidoptera : prodoxidae ) . mol . ecol . 6 , in press .
this is the most widely distributed greya species . it occurs in drier areas ranging from southern british columbia to the california channel islands and the southern sierra nevada , and from the pacific coast to eastern idaho and southwestern colorado , usa .
davis , d . r . , o . pellmyr , and j . n . thompson . 1992 . biology and systematics of greya busck and tetragma , new genus ( lepidoptera : prodoxidae ) . smithsonian contributions to zoology 524 : 1 - 88 .
biology and systematics of greya busck and tetragma , new genus ( lepidoptera : prodoxidae ) . donald r . davis , olle pellmyr & john n . thompson . 1992 . smithsonian contributions to zoology 524 : 1 - 74 , f . 251 - 375 .
davis , d . r . , o . pellmyr & j . n . thompson . 1992 . biology and systematics of greya busck and tetragma n . gen . ( lepidoptera : prodoxidae ) . smiths . contrib . zool . 524 : 1 - 88 .
this species should be unmistakable . it shows slight resemblance to lampronia humilis , but that species is far smaller . in the central basin of washington , it can be confused in the field with the coexisting , smaller g . subalba . the more elongated wings and a much elongated seventh abdominal segment in politella females should suffice for definitive identification .
greya politella is the most extensively studied species in the genus , being subject to studies of many aspects of pollination behavior , pollinator community effects , and complex interactions with hosts ( pellmyr & thompson 1992 , thompson and pellmyr 1992 , pellmyr & thompson 1996 , pellmyr et al . 1996 , thompson 1997 ) and phylogeographic history in relation to host utilization ( brown et al . 1996 ) . it is an efficient passive pollinator of at least two lithophragma hosts during oviposition , transporting ample pollen of its host on the abdomen between flowers . larvae consume relatively few seeds , and the species can be a mutualist relative to the host . the relative density of copollinators will determine whether the beneficial effects will manifest in plant seed set , and thus whether selection for reciprocal specialization occur in populations .
in the southern part of the range in open oak woodland , often with ceanothus and artemisia . in the more northern areas found in open grassland and at the edges of dry , open ponderosa pine forest . populations in the central basin of washington appear in sagebrush steppe . elevational range , sea level to 3000 m . the species has been found in coexistence with all greya species except punctiferella , pectinifera , variabilis , and variata in different parts of its range .
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wing expanse 11 . 5 - 20 mm . forewings a uniform brownish gray , in fresh specimens often with scattered grayish white scales that impart an iridescent bronzy lustre from certain angles . specimens from the central basin of washington tend to be much lighter , whereas specimens from the sierra nevada of california are darker than those from other areas . hindwings of the same color as the forewings of the common form , but without glistening properties .
the species feeds exclusively on members of the saxifragaceae . several species of lithophragma , heuchera grossulariifolia ( davis et al . 1992 ) , h . micrantha , and h . saxicola ( pellmyr , unpubl . obs . ) are known hosts . females oviposit into the floral ovary of the host , and one or more larvae per capsule complete the first one or two instars feeding on seeds . after aestivation , later instars create a shelter of leaves on their host , complete feeding , and pupate inside of it .
characteristic habitats in nez perce co . , idaho , san juan co . , colorado , and tulare co . , california , usa .
pellmyr , o . and j . n . thompson . 1992 . multiple occurrences of mutualism in the yucca moth lineage . proc . natl . acad . sci . usa 89 : 2927 - 2929 .
pellmyr , o . and j . n . thompson . 1996 . sources of variation in pollinator contribution within a guild : the effects of plant and pollinator factors . oecologia 107 : 595 - 604 .
pellmyr , o . , j . n . thompson , j . brown & r . g . harrison . 1996 . evolution of pollination and mutualism in the yucca moth lineage . amer . nat . 148 : 827 - 847 .
thompson , j . n . & o . pellmyr . 1992 . mutualism with pollinating seed parasites amid co - pollinators : constraints on specialization . ecology 73 : 1780 - 1791 .
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 1 . 29f ; p . 41 . book review and ordering
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
specific epithet is latin meaning
polished
for the forewings that are
shining , pale greyish with a slight aeneous ( coppery ) tinge .
adult - uniformly brownish gray , irrorated with a sparse scattering of somewhat indistinct grayish white scales , sometimes so heavily as to impart a pale bronzy iridescence . hindwing gray , usually darker than forewing and without pale , bronzy luster .
egg - white , pyriform or oblong , molded by surrounding ovules , 0 . 35 x 0 . 2 mm . chorion smooth .
from southern british columbia to california channel islands and southern sierra nevada . from the pacific coast to idaho and colorado .
lithophragma affine , l . bolanderi , l . cymbalaria , l . heterophyllum , l . parviflorum , l . tenellum , and heuchera grossulariifolia .
the female oviposits down into the ovary , and the larva feeds first on seeds and later after hibernation on vegetative parts ( pellmyr & thompson , 1992 ) .
the adult moth pollinates its host while the larvae feeds off the seeds . this relationship is similar to the well - known example of mutualism between yucca plants and yucca moths , tegeticula , also in the family prodoxidae . for more details , see the article by pellmyr & thompson cited below under
print references
. ( see also the
remarks
on the tegeticula info page . )
pellmyr , o . & j . n . thompson 1992 . multiple occurrences of mutualism in the yucca moth lineage . proc . nat . acad . sci . 89 ( 7 ) : 2927 - 2929 ( pdf )
walsingham , t . de grey . 1888 . steps towards a revision of chambers ' index * with notes and descriptions of new species .
steps towards a revision of chambers ' index , with notes and descriptions of new species . ( continuing series vol . 1 ) lord walsingham . 1888 . insect life 1 ( 3 - 5 , 8 - 9 ) : 81 - 84 , 113 - 117 , 145 - 150 , 254 - 258 , 287 - 291 .
dictionary of word roots and combining forms donald j . borror . 1960 . mayfield publishing company .
contributed by lynette elliott on 17 october , 2007 - 12 : 46pm additional contributions by beatriz moisset , aaron schusteff , ron m . , randy hardy last updated 22 may , 2018 - 8 : 31pm
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hodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .
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poole , r . w . , and p . gentili ( eds . ) . 1996 . nomina insecta nearctica : a checklist of the insects of north america . volume 3 ( diptera , lepidoptera , siphonaptera ) . entomological information services , rockville , md .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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carpophthoromyia is a small afrotropical genus of picture-winged flies ( tephritidae ) .

they are usually darkly coloured and of medium size , and mostly develop in the fruit of various species of drypetes ( putranjivaceae , formerly euphorbiaceae ) .

carpophthoromyia is closely related to perilampsis .

there are 17 recognised species : carpophthoromyia debeckeri de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia dimidiata bezzi , 1924 carpophthoromyia dividua de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia flavofasciata de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia interrupta de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia litterata ( munro , 1933 ) carpophthoromyia nigribasis ( enderlein , 1920 ) carpophthoromyia procera ( enderlein , 1920 ) carpophthoromyia pseudotritea bezzi , 1918 carpophthoromyia radulata de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia schoutedeni de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia scutellata ( walker , 1853 ) carpophthoromyia speciosa hancock , 1984 carpophthoromyia tessmanni ( enderlein , 1920 ) carpophthoromyia tritea ( walker , 1849 ) carpophthoromyia virgata de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia vittata ( fabricius , 1794 )

carpophthoromyia

c . virgata de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia virgata de meyer , 2006 : 7 . . .
c . schoutedeni de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia schoutedeni de meyer , 2006 : 7 . . .
c . radulata de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia radulata de meyer , 2006 : 7 . . .
c . interrupta de meyer , 2006 carpophthoromyia interrupta de meyer , 2006 : 7 . . .
1 perilampsis woodi ( bezzi ) carpophthoromyia woodi bezzi , 1924 : 96 . body length . . . .
c . pseudotritea bezzi , 1918 carpophthoromyia pseudotritea bezzi , 1918 : 225 . body length : . . .
perilampsis formosula ( austen ) carpophthoromyia formosula austen , 1910 : 74 . body length . 3 . 65 - 4 . 00 . . .
perilampsis pulchella ( austen ) carpophthoromyia pulchella austen , 1910 : 72 . body length . 3 . 40 - 5 . 40 . . .
meyer , marc de , 2006 , systematic revision of the fruit fly genus carpophthoromyia austen ( diptera , tephritidae ) , zootaxa 1235 , pp . 1 - 48 : 34 - 36
meyer , marc de , 2006 , systematic revision of the fruit fly genus carpophthoromyia austen ( diptera , tephritidae ) , zootaxa 1235 , pp . 1 - 48 : 24 - 25
figures 23 – 27 . apical part of aculeus . — 23 . carpophthoromyia dividua . — 24 . c . pseudotritea . — 25 . c . tessmanni . — 26 . c . vittata . — 27 . c . vittata ( lateral view ) .
figures 28 – 33 . apical part of aculeus . — 28 . carpophthoromyia flavofasciata . — 29 . c . radulata . — 30 . c . virgata . — 31 . c . interrupta . — 32 . c . schoutedeni . — 33 . c . tritea .
the afrotropical fruit fly genus carpophthoromyia austen is revised . in total , 17 species are recognized of which 7 are new to science : c . debeckeri sp . n . , c . dividua sp . n . , c . flavofasciata sp . n . , c . interrupta sp . n . , c . radulata sp . n . , c . schoutedeni sp . n . and c . virgata sp . n . . carpophthoromyia amoena enderlein is considered a junior synonym of c . vittata ( fabricius ) . c . angusticeps bezzi is considered not to belong to carpophthoromyia but to the gastrozonine genus clinotaenia bezzi : clinotaenia angusticeps ( bezzi ) comb . nov . a lectotype is designated for each of c . litterata , c . pseudotritea , and c . tessmanni . all species are described or re - described , with illustrations of wing patterns and male and female terminalia where deemed necessary for unambiguous identification . an identification key to species is provided .
figures 13 – 22 . aculeus full length . — 13 . carpophthoromyia flavofasciata . — 14 . c . radulata . — 15 . c . tritea . — 16 . c . interrupta . — 17 . c . schoutedeni . — 18 . c . dividua . — 19 . c . tessmanni . — 20 . c . pseudotritea . — 21 . c . virgata . — 22 . c . vittata .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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norrbom , a . l . , l . e . carroll , f . c . thompson , i . m . white and a . freidberg / f . c . thompson , ed .
fruit fly expert identification system and systematic information database . myia , vol . 9
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =
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( p . p . ) , bezzi 1918 ( p . p . ) , bezzi 1924 a ( p . p . ) , bezzi 1924 b , cogan & munro 1980 ( p . p . ) .
arista with medium long setulae ; three frontals ; scutum with one transverse band ; postpronotum white ; scutellum completely yellow or with small apical spot , ventrally not passing beyond apical setae ; no hyaline wing indentations ; sband and inverted vband fused basally near vein a 1 + cua 2 , subapically separate .
head . antennal segments reddish brown . arista with medium long rays , longest ones slightly more than half the width of first flagellomere . frons yellow , upper third ( area in between orbitals to upper margin ocellar triangle ) sometimes brown , occasionally frons completely reddish brown . three frontals placed on oblique line , with anterior frontal 2 . 5 times as far from the inner eye margin than posterior frontal ; two orbitals . face white to yellow , upper margin near antennal base and sometimes gena darker brown .
thorax . scutum shining blackbrown ; black setulae , except for one broad transverse band with silvery setulae anteriorly of transverse suture , median part of transverse band broader . postpronotum white to yellow . anepisternum with white to yellow band with lower margin reaching posteroventral corner or almost so ; with pale setulae , lower margin to lower third with black setulae , two anepisternals . katatergite black , anatergite largely white , sometimes both white . scutellum white to yellow , ventrally with brown apical spot , not passing beyond apical scutellars and not visible in dorsal view , sometimes divided medially and / or hardly discernible . subscutellum black .
legs dark brown to reddish brown , tibia and tarsal segments yellow , at most basal margin of tibia slightly darkened .
) . anterior margin without hyaline indentations in cells c or sc . sband and inverted vband fused basally near vein a 1 + cu 2 ; separate subapically between veins r 4 + 5 and m . sband with subapical tooth . crossvein dmcu strongly sinuous . rm ratio 1 . 121 . 45 .
abdomen . shining blackbrown ; with black setulae , tergite 2 with brown patches and / or silvery setulae along posterior half . spermatheca cylindrical . female terminalia : oviscape as long as abdomen ; shining black brown , with black setulae . aculeus yellow to orange , cylindrical , about 10 to 20 times longer than wide ( fig . 22
body length : 6 . 01 ( 5 . 20–6 . 80 ) mm ; wing length 6 . 27 ( 5 . 20–7 . 12 ) mm
ψ : cameroon , buea , marquardsen ( mnhu ) . ( type material of
other material : cameroon : 1 ɗ , ekok , 24mi e tekmo , 650m , 1112 . x . 1966 , e . s . ross & k . lorenzen ( cas
) . central african republic : la maboké , 1 ψ , 610 . xi . 1967 , l . tsacas ; 1 ψ , 3 . ix . 1970 , l . matile ; 1 ɗ , 13 . ix . 1970 , l . matile ( all mnhn
) . congo ( d . r . ) : 1 ɗ , ituri , kasenyi , lac albert , 17 . xii . 1953 , j . verbeke ( kmma
) ; lukolela , left bank , 1 ɗ , 20 . xi . 1930 ; 1 ψ , 17 . i . 1931 , both j . p . chapin ( bmnh ) ; lukolela plantation , november 1934 , j . ghesquière ( kbin ) ; 1 ψ , lulonga : bokata , 18 . iii . 1928 , e . mestdagh ( kbin , via tau
) ; 1 ɗ ; stanleyville , january 1924 , j . ghesquière ( kmma
) ; 2 ɗɗ 1 sex unknown , yangambi , 5 . vii . 1952 , k . schedl , “s . 44  5 ” ( kmma
) . ghana : 1 ɗ , accra , iv . 1922 , “in laboratory” , j . w . scott macfie ( bmnh ) ; appam , 1 ɗ , 14 . x . 1911 ; 1 ɗ , 15 . x . 1911 , both w . van eeden ( bmnh ) ; 1 ψ , bobiri , 23mi se kumasi , 21 . xi . 1959 , n . o . jago ( bmnh ) ; 1 ɗ , weshiang , r . dainsu , 10mi nw acrra , 24 . xi . 1912 , h . f . hamilton ( bmnh ) ; 1 ɗ 1 ψ , ‘guinea’ mus . westerm . ’ ( zmk
) . kenya : kakamega forest , 1 ψ , 18 . xii . 1970 , 5200ft , a . e . stubbs ( bmnh ) ; 1 ɗ , 89 . xi . 1983 , i . yarom ( tau
collection number 712 ; 3 ɗɗ 1 ψ , i . viii . 2001 , usda
) . nigeria , 1 ψ , ileife , w . state , 10 . iv . 1972 , j . t . medler ( bmnh ) ; 1 ψ , olokomeji , ibadan . bridwell collection ( usnm
) . unknown locality ( probably ivory coast , c . girard pers . comm . ) : 1 ψ , “ms 30  471 ” ; 1 ψ , “lisiére , ficus cap . 12  571 ” ( both mnhn
cameroon , central african republic , congo ( d . r . ) , ghana , kenya , nigeria , tanzania ; perhaps also ivory coast . the record from zimbabwe ( hancock 1987 ) refers to
the identity of this species is rather confusing . the species was originally described by fabricius ( 1794 ) who only provided a short description . this was based on a female specimen which is now lost ( verner michelsen , pers . comm . ) . a shorter version of the description was repeated in fabricius ( 1805 ) . wiedemann ( 1830 ) gives a redescription ( under
) apparently based on the original type . from both the original description and especially the redescription it is apparent that the type had a yellow scutellum and that the hyaline area between the sband and the inverted vband was complete . wiedemann ( 1830 ) only mentions an incision ( “einen braunen einschnitt” ) in the hyaline band . loew ( 1861 ) describes the male sex of
based on a specimen from senegal . however , the diagnostic characters he provides correspond with
: apical part of the scutellum broadly brown , and the sband and inverted v band connected , thereby interrupting the hyaline area between both bands . the illustration of the wing ( loew 1861 : tab . ii , fig . 3 ) also clearly shows the connection . unfortunately , subsequent authors like austen ( 1910 ) and enderlein ( 1920 ) followed the concept of loew ( 1861 ) for recognition of
as far as can be judged from the descriptions by fabricius and wiedemann . consequently ,
, based on a specimen he studied from mozambique . a year later ( bezzi 1924 a ) he added to the confusion by describing
, based on material from natal , south africa . he differentiates this new species from
by ( among other , variable , characters ) the scutellum being largely brown apically . hence ,
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
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arista distinctly plumose ; frons with longitudinal brown band for entire length ; three frontals ; distance between posterior frontal and anterior orbital shorter than distance between anterior and posterior orbital ; three frontals ; scutum without transverse band ; postpronotum white ; scutellum with three apical brown spots , only visible in ventral view ; anterior margin of wing with one indentation near junction of vein c with apical part of vein r 1 ; sband and inverted vband separate .
head . antennal segments brown . arista distinctly plumose ; longest rays longer than width of first flagellomere . frons white to yellow , longitudinal brown band for entire length from ocellar triangle to antennal base , equal to width of distance between anterior orbitals . three frontals placed on oblique line , with anterior frontal at least 3 times as far from the inner eye margin than posterior frontal ; two orbitals . distance between posterior frontal and anterior orbital is shorter than distance between anterior and posterior orbital . face white , gena darker brown .
thorax . scutum shining blackbrown , along transverse suture yellowbrown ; black setulae , without transverse bands of silvery setulae . postpronotum white . anepisternum with white to yellow band with lower margin reaching to lower fourth of posterior margin ; with pale setulae , lower fourth with black setulae , two anepisternals . katatergite and anatergite both white . scutellum white , ventrally with 3 brown apical spots , not visible in dorsal view . subscutellum black .
( see fig . 9 ) . hyaline indentation near junction of vein c with apical part of vein r 1 , reaching well beyond vein r 4 + 5 , to halfway between r 4 + 5 and m . sband and inverted vband not fused . sband with small subapical tooth . crossvein dmcu straight . rm ratio 1 . 15 .
abdomen . shining blackbrown ; with black setulae . spermatheca ovoid in apical part , base slender . female terminalia , oviscape shorter than abdomen ; shining blackbrown . aculeus orange , flattened ( fig . 14
) , about 5 times longer than wide ; tip truncate with small protuberances ( fig . 29
after the latin radula , meaning a scraper and referring to the shape of the aculeus tip .
except for the very different aculeus with spatulate tip . the main nonsexual difference is the wider longitudinal band on frons but this seems to be variable in
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project provides taxon and specimen information on true frugivorous fruit flies ( diptera : tephritidae ) from the afrotropical region . it provides taxonomic information , species descriptions , images , distribution map and information on specimens kept in museums and institutions worldwide . last indexed august 6 , 2010
dacus ( psilodacus ) mochii bezzi dacus mochii bezzi , 1917 : 65 size . small , . . .
dacus ( leptoxyda ) yaromi white & goodger dacus ( leptoxyda ) yaromi white & . . .
dacus ( lophodacus ) xanthinus white & goodger dacus ( lophodacus ) xanthinus white & . . .
dacus ( psilodacus ) vestigivittatus white & goodger dacus ( psilodacus ) vestigivittatus white & . . .
dacus ( leptoxyda ) velutifrons white & goodger dacus ( leptoxyda ) velutifrons white & . . .
dacus ( lophodacus ) transversalis white & goodger dacus ( lophodacus ) transversalis white & . . .
dacus ( lophodacus ) senegalensis white & goodger dacus ( lophodacus ) senegalensis white & . . .
dacus ( ambitidacus ) pseudomirificus white & goodger dacus ( ambitidacus ) pseudomirificus white & . . .
dacus ( lophodacus ) pseudapostata white & goodger dacus ( lophodacus ) pseudapostata white & . . .
dacus ( lophodacus ) magnificus white & goodger dacus ( lophodacus ) magnificus white & . . .
dacus ( ambitidacus ) luteovittatus white & goodger dacus ( ambitidacus ) luteovittatus white & . . .
dacus ( lophodacus ) kurrensis white & goodger dacus ( lophodacus ) kurrensis white & . . .
dacus ( psilodacus ) kaplanae white & goodger dacus ( psilodacus ) kaplanae white & . . .
dacus ( didacus ) insolitus white & goodger dacus ( didacus ) insolitus white & . . .
dacus ( leptoxyda ) brunnalis white & goodger dacus ( leptoxyda ) brunnalis white & . . .
dacus ( didacus ) albiseta white & goodger dacus ( didacus ) albiseta white & . . .
dacus ( lophodacus ) acutus white & goodger dacus ( lophodacus ) acutus white & . . .
dacus ( didacus ) abruptus white & goodger dacus ( didacus ) abruptus white & . . .
perilampsis curta munro perilampsis curta munro , 1938 : 165 . body length . 3 . 80 - 4 . 40 . . .
perilampsis miratrix munro perilampsis miratrix munro , 1939 : 146 . body length . 3 . 60 - 3 . 90 . . .
perilampsis decellei munro perilampsis decellei munro , 1969 : 430 . body length . 3 . 90 - 4 . 55 . . .
perilampsis dryades munro perilampsis dryades munro , 1939 : 38 . body length . 3 . 75 - 4 . 45 . . .
perilampsis unita munro perilampsis unita munro , 1939 : 38 . body length . 3 . 80 - 4 . 30 . . .
perilampsis amazuluana munro perilampsis amazuluana munro , 1929 : 394 . body length . 4 . 00 - 4 . 60 . . .
perilampsis umbrina munro perilampsis umbrina munro , 1939 : 35 . body length . 3 . 50 - 4 . 30 . . .
perilampsis diademata bezzi perilampsis diademata bezzi , 1924 : 482 . body length . 3 . 30 - 4 . 20 . . .
perilampsis tetradactyla munro perilampsis tetradactyla munro , 1933 : 40 . body length . 2 . 60 - 4 . 20 . . .
perilampsis atra munro perilampsis atra munro , 1969 : 433 body length . 3 . 20 - 4 . 80 . . .
perilampsis incohata de meyer perilampsis incohata de meyer , 2009 : 2442 . body . . .
perilampsis rubella de meyer perilampsis rubella de meyer , 2009 : 2458 . body . . .
perilampsis furcata munro perilampsis furcata munro , 1969 : 431 . body length . 3 . 40 - 4 . 50 . . .
perilampsis deemingi de meyer perilampsis deemingi de meyer , 2009 : 2439 . body . . .
ceratitis ( ceratalaspis ) whartoni de meyer & copeland ceratitis whartoni de meyer . . .
bactrocera ( bactrocera ) latfrons ( hendel ) chaetodacus latifrons hendel , 1915 : 425 wing length , . . .
c . vittata ( fabricius , 1794 ) musca vittata fabricius , 1794 : 355 . body length : . . .
c . tritea ( walker , 1849 ) trypeta tritea walker , 1849 : 1034 . body length : . . .
c . tessmanni ( enderlein , 1920 ) ceratitis tessmanni enderlein , 1920 : 345 . body length : . . .
c . speciosa hancock , 1984 carpophthoromoyia speciosa hancock , 1984 : 291 . body . . .
c . scutellata ( walker , 1853 ) trypeta scutellata walker , 1853 : 384 body length : . . .
c . procera ( enderlein , 1920 ) ceratitis procera enderlein , 1920 : 345 . body length : . . .
c . nigribasis ( enderlein , 1920 ) ceratitis nigribasis enderlein , 1920 : 346 . body length : . . .
c . litterata ( munro , 1933 ) trirhithrum litteratum munro , 1933 : 33 . body length : . . .
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
format summary genbank genbank ( full ) fasta asn . 1 xml insdseq xml tinyseq xml feature table accession list gi list gff3
opens the highlight feature bar and highlights feature annotations from the features table of the record . the highlight feature bar can be used to navigate to and highlight other features and provides links to display the highlighted region separately . links in the features table will also highlight the corresponding region of the sequence . more . . .
finds sub - sequences or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching regions . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .
finds sub - sequence or patterns in the sequence and highlights the matching region . the tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match prosite patterns in protein sequences . more . . .