dicrostonyx is a genus of rodent in the family cricetidae .

it contains the collared lemmings .

they are the only north american rodents that turn completely white in winter .

it contains the following species : northern collared lemming ( dicrostonyx groenlandicus ) ungava collared lemming ( dicrostonyx hudsonius ) nelson 's collared lemming ( dicrostonyx nelsoni ) ogilvie mountains collared lemming ( dicrostonyx nunatakensis ) richardson 's collared lemming ( dicrostonyx richardsoni ) arctic lemming ( dicrostonyx torquatus ) unalaska collared lemming ( dicrostonyx unalascensis ) wrangel lemming ( dicrostonyx vinogradovi )

collared lemming

name : collared lemming ( dicrostonyx ) . note – “collared lemming” is a genus describing eight different species .
collared lemmings are made up of the species : 1 . dicrostonyx groenlandicus - northern collared lemming 2 . dicrostonyx hudsonius - ungava collared lemming 3 . dicrostonyx nelsoni - nelson ' s collared lemming 4 . dicrostonyx nunatakensis - ogilvie mountains collared lemming 5 . dicrostonyx richardsoni - richardson ' s collared lemming 6 . dicrostonyx torquatus - arctic lemming 7 . dicrostonyx unalascensis - unalaska collared lemming 8 . dicrostonyx vinogradovi - wrangel lemming
the collared lemming ( dicrostonyx stevensoni nelson ) in biomedical research . - pubmed - ncbi
greenland collared lemming . photo by kevin pietrzak , and used under the creative commons license .
the ogilvie mountains collared lemming is one of only 5 mammals to be found solely in canada .
three species of collared lemming have been identified in north america , the nearctic collared lemming ( dicrostonyx groenlandicus ) , the ungava collared lemming ( dicrostonyx hudsonius ) , and richardson ' s collared lemming ( dicrostonyx richardsoni ) . however , these species can be difficult to distinguish on the basis of isolated teeth and only d . richardsoni has been identified through adna ( fulton et al . 2013 ) . for that reason , the unspecified genus , dicrostonyx , is discussed here .
collared lemming’s snow burrows are created with comfort in mind – they have room dedicated to sleeping , bathrooms , and nest rooms .
eskimos use the soft white winter coats of the collared lemming for clothing decoration and toys for the children ( nowak , 1999 ) .
lemming , stocky northern rodent related to voles . about 16 species occur worldwide ; best known of the 7 canadian species are brown and collared lemmings .
collared lemmings are generally solitary animals , keeping their own foraging territories and burrow systems .
collared lemmings are the only rodent found in north america that turns white during the winter .
the eyes of this lemming stare into your very soul . it knows all your secrets .
collared lemmings are prey for a variety of animals including owls , wolves , arctic foxes , and weasels .
collared lemmings are the only rodents that molt to a completely white coat in winter ( macdonald 2006 ) .
most active during storms , the static - charged lemming can deal a nasty shock to predators .
northern collared lemmings are herbivorous . northern collared lemmings are herbivorous . they eat grasses , sedges , bearberry , and cottongrass in summer ; in winter when lemmings live under the snow they eat twigs and buds of willow .
a recent analysis of terminal pleistocene collared lemming localities found that these animals were distributed along the southern margin of the ice sheets ( burns 2004 ) . collared lemming remains have been recovered from localities as far south and east as west virginia and pennsylvania and as far south and west as central idaho , as well as from the front range of wyoming , southern montana , north central nebraska , northeastern iowa and southwestern wisconsin .
aside from burrowing , collared lemmings spend their winters hunting for plant matter that has been buried by the snow .
the species occurs in several protected areas . the collared lemming subspecies from novaya zemlya ( dicrostonyx torquatus ungulatus ) is considered as vulnerable under russian nature conservation legislation ( included in red book of russian federation since 1998 ) .
collared lemmings’ short ears and tail help them conserve heat in the winter by exposing less surface area to the cold .
is mainly terrestrial and fossorial , however , this lemming can also be found swimming in the arctic waters .
donald a . smith . 2006 . lemming . the canadian encyclopedia urltoken ( accessed july 9 , 2018 ) .
the northern collared lemming occupies runways beneath snow and will tunnel down to the permafrost level . in a study of microhabitat use in northern canada , predavec and krebs wrote that collared lemmings preferred tundra with high hummocks , high percent cover of plants ( especially salix lanata ) and numerous burrows . this pattern of habitat use is likely related to reducing detection and capture by predators .
smith , donald a . . 2006 . lemming . the canadian encyclopedia urltoken ( accessed july 9 , 2018 ) .
unlike many northern rodents , the collared lemming is active year round . these animals dig burrows under ground , but above the permafrost , and create runways through surface vegetation . during the winter , they survive in passages excavated under deep accumulations of snow .
donald a . smith , r . the canadian encyclopedia . ( 2006 ) . lemming . retrieved july 9 , 2018 , from urltoken
the colour of the collared lemming varies seasonally . during the summer its coat is gray tinged with buff or reddish brown and with dark stripes on the face and back . in the winter they molt into a white coat and develop forked digging claws . other species are gray , sandy…
lemming , stocky northern rodent related to voles . about 16 species occur worldwide ; best known of the 7 canadian species are brown and collared lemmings ( lemmus sibiricus and the dicrostonyx groenlandicus complex , respectively ) from the arctic archipelago and mainland tundra of hudson bay , and labrador collared lemmings ( d . hudsonius ) from the ungava peninsula and labrador . the northern and southern bog lemmings ( synaptomys borealis and s . cooperi ) are uncommon .
smith , d . a . . r . the canadian encyclopedia . ( 2006 ) . lemming . retrieved july 9 , 2018 from urltoken
smith , d . a . . r . the canadian encyclopedia . ( 2006 ) . lemming . retrieved july 9 , 2018 from urltoken
smith , donald a . .
lemming .
in the canadian encyclopedia . historica canada , 1985— . article published february 8 , 2006
donald a . smith .
lemming
in the canadian encyclopedia . historica canada , 1985– . article published february 7 , 2006 . urltoken
the birth rates of some predator animals , like the snowy owl , depend on how many collared lemmings are available in the area during the breeding season .
smith , donald a . .
lemming
. the canadian encyclopedia . toronto : historica canada , 2006 . web . 8 feb 2006 .
smith , donald a . .
lemming
. the canadian encyclopedia . toronto : historica canada , 2006 . web . 8 feb 2006 .
the northern collared lemming , also known as the bering or nearctic collared lemming , is a short , stocky rodent with a thick pelage that varies seasonally . they weigh approximately 112 grams and are on average 16 cm in length . in the summer the coat is light to dark grey with a buffy to reddish - brown tone , with dark lines down the back and on the sides of the head . in the winter , their coat is pure white , except in the lemmings on unalaska and umnak islands ( which do not molt to white pelage and also do not acquire snow claws in the winter ) .
northern collared lemmings are found in and well adapted to the snowy , cold conditions of the arctic tundra , often being relatively dry habitats such as ridges and hummocks and habitats with an abundance of willow ( salix spp . ) shrubs . they generally occupy higher , rockier , drier tundra habitats than the brown lemming .
justification : there are no major threats to the species which is common and abundant . consequently it is assessed as least concern . however , the collared lemming subspecies from novaya zemlya ( dicrostonyx torquatus ungulatus ) is considered as vulnerable under russian nature conservation legislation ( included in red book of russian federation since 1998 ) .
donald a . smith
lemming
the canadian encyclopedia . eds . . toronto : historica canada , 2006 . web . 9 jul . 2018 .
collared lemming remains have been recovered from prairieburg and elkader in northeastern iowa and moscow fissure in southwestern wisconsin , and possibly from conklin quarry in eastern iowa . these sites are almost 18 degrees of latitude south of its present distribution in the arctic and are located along the former margins of the late pleistocene continental ice sheets .
as the continental ice sheets retreated northward towards the end of the late pleistocene and into the holocene , collared lemmings followed their preferred tundra habitat north to their current arctic distribution .
the collared lemming has a short , round body covered with thick grey fur and thin black stripes along the head and back . in the winter , they molt to a completely white coat . these rodents have small ears and tails and strong claws for digging . the claws on their front toes are especially well - suited to breaking through snow and ice .
fulton , t . l . , norris , r . w . , graham , r . w . , semken , h . a . , & shapiro , b . ( 2013 ) . ancient dna supports southern survival of richardson ' s collared lemming ( dicrostonyx richardsoni ) during the last glacial maximum . molecular ecology ( 9 ) , 2540 - 2548 .
nearctic and ungava collared lemmings inhabit elevated , dry tundra and alpine habitats . they currently are found in the open tundra of the arctic . richardson ' s collared lemmings however , occupy a more temperate tundra environment . modern populations of d . richardsoni are found west of the hudson bay , canada . the latter species has been identified through adna studies in cave deposits from the south dakota black hills dating to the last glacial maximum ( fulton et al . 2013 ) .
lemmings rarely exceed 90 g and 15 cm in length . their extremities are hidden by , or barely extend beyond , their long brown or grey fur . collared lemmings are the only rodents that molt to a camouflaging white for winter .
lemming see a description of the natural history and typical habitat of lemmings in canada . from the
hinterland who ' s who
website . also includes video clips , summaries of related conservation issues , and educational resources .
collared lemmings are busy little breeders , the females giving birth to as many as eight babies as rapidly as every five weeks during the breeding season , which can last from january through september . the pregnancy lasts anywhere from sixteen days to a month .
the collared lemming is short and stocky with a very heavy coat year round . pelage varies with the seasons : in summer the coat is light to dark grey with a buffy to reddish brown tone . dark lines down the back and on the sides of the head are characteristic , however , the length of the stripe varies from ending just before the withers , to continuing down the length of the back ( hinton , 1926 ) . the winter coat color is uninterrupted white . dicrostonyx is the only genus in rodentia in which the individuals have completely white coats in the winter season .
lemming populations are self - regulating : genetically determined behaviours ( aggressiveness and tendency to disperse ) change with population density and influence the cycle . although some canadian lemmings emigrate from crowded areas and some accidentally drown , they do not make spectacular suicide marches to the sea , as related in folklore .
like many species , lemming populations fluctuate in “booms” and “busts” over several years , but trends in periodicity are difficult to determine and studies suggest random and not cyclic fluctuations . although fay and sease ( 1985 ) and murie ( 1959 ) did not believe that d . g . unalascensis populations on umnak island were cyclic , they noted that populations fluctuated widely from scarce to abundant . despite the popular myth , during periods of abundance lemmings may disperse to areas with more food , but they do not commit mass suicide by leaping from cliffs .
extreme population fluctuations and restricted range of this species increases its vulnerability to outside threats ( e . g . , a rat introduction could be devastating to island populations ) . lemmings did not appear to be affected by development in nikolski village on umnak island appear to be insignificant . lemmings are important prey for red fox and predatory birds on umnak and unalaska islands . the norway rat , house mouse , and ground squirrel were introduced to unalaska island - and the european hare introduction on umnak island – and the effects of these introductions on the native lemming population has not been studied .
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference ( book , 2005 ) [ worldcat . org ]
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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tundra biomes of alaska ; arctic islands of canada , northwest territories ; greenland ; st . lawrence island and wrangel island ( siberia ) ( nowak , 1999 ; wooding , 1982 ) .
the head and body length equal approximately 100 - 157 mm with a tail of between 10 and 20 mm . this species is fossorial , developing a unique double digging claw in the winter to break through the ice and snow of the tundra ( marsden , 1964 ; nowak , 1999 ) .
can easily be distinguished from other species of the genus by its narrow rostrum , smaller , straighter incisors and the unusually short hind foot ( hinton , 1926 ) .
the female estrus cycle lasts for 9 . 6 days , occuring several times in the breeding season , which runs from january to september ( it may begin early depending on the severity of the weather ) . after a 19 - 21 day gestation , a litter of between 1 and 11 is born . a female typically has two to three litters per year in the wild ; however , in captivity they can have up to five . the young weigh 3 . 8 g ( average ) at partruition and are weaned at 15 - 20 days ( marsden , 1964 ; nowak , 1999 ) .
members of this species have a fossorial lifestyle , using tundra sod as a substrate in the summer and snow in the winter ( wooding , 1982 ) . their burrows can reach up to 6 meters long and 20 cm wide , and they eventually lead to a
nest
. nests made of grasses are placed beneath the snow or inside a snow bank . the males engage in polygyny as the main breeding system . nests are protected by the males , but evidence of territoriality is inconclusive .
populations cycles are typical of lemmings : every few years the numbers peak , followed by a
crash
that some observors have described as a mass suicide , although this is doubtful ( hinton , 1926 ; marsden , 1964 ; nowak , 1999 ; wooding , 1982 ) .
consists of willow buds , fruits , flowers , grasses and twigs ( wooding , 1982 ) . they will eat mushrooms and mosses in captivity . the morphology of the teeth suggests that they prey on insects , but this behavior has not been observed by individuals in the wild ( marsden , 1964 ; nowak , 1999 ) .
it is uncommon for this species to live longer than one year in the wild ( marsden , 1964 ) .
tara poloskey ( author ) , university of michigan - ann arbor , phil myers ( editor ) , museum of zoology , university of michigan - ann arbor .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
living in the northern part of the old world . in otherwords , europe and asia and northern africa .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
a terrestrial biome with low , shrubby or mat - like vegetation found at extremely high latitudes or elevations , near the limit of plant growth . soils usually subject to permafrost . plant diversity is typically low and the growing season is short .
to cite this page : poloskey , t . 2000 .
dicrostonyx groenlandicus
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
appearance : short - tail rodent somewhat similar to hamsters . brown or brown - grey coats during the summer , turning white in the winter . dark stripe down the back .
the spitsbergen and northeast greenland cruise sails waters filled with breath - taking scenery . the expedition passes through areas that are home to seals , seabirds , whales , and polar bears .
the scoresby sund cruise travels into the largest fjord system in the world . the expedition visits historic inuit sites , sails through sensational scenery and tops it all off with a night - time sky filled with the northern lights .
the east greenland – scoresby sund cruise crosses the arctic circle into the home waters of multiple species of whale . the expedition will spot huge icebergs as it journeys into the largest and deepest fjord system in the world . along the way the northern lights is guiding our way .
lemmings do not commit mass suicide . while populations fluctuate and lemmings may be abundant in certain years , they do not migrate en masse to cliffs and jump off .
dicrostonyx is the only genus in rodentia in which individuals have completely white coats in the winter season . they also develop unique double digging claws on the front toes to break through ice and snow .
males display a polygynous mating system ; they mate with multiple females and will protect their nests . female estrus cycle lasts 9–10 days , occurring several times during the breeding season , in january through september . gestation lasts 19–21 days .
females then give birth to a litter size of up to 11 , and will have 2–3 litters per year . average weight of young is 3 . 8 g at birth . young are weaned at 15 to 20 days . females become sexually mature by around 40 days , while males often are sexually mature around 85 days .
a study of mammal diversity patterns in canada suggests that climate change could alter and effectively remove approximately 60 % of d . groenlandicus habitat with unpredictable but likely detrimental consequences for this species in the future ( kerr and packer 1998 ) .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : listed as least concern because it is extremely widespread , it is considered common , there are no major threats , and its population is not declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
this species is found in northern greenland and queen elizabeth islands , islands in the district of franklin , and southampton island ; and northern north america above the tree line , from the northeastern district of keewatin , canada , to northern alaska , united states ( musser and carleton , in wilson and reeder 2005 ) .
populations of this species undergo wide fluctuations , but it is generally considered common .
it inhabits arctic tundra in high , dry , rocky areas in summer and lower meadows in winter . it occupies runways beneath the snow and tunnel systems down to permafrost level .
the range of this species is not particularly impacted at present , so no conservation measures are needed at this time . there are many protected areas within the range of this species in north america .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t42618a115195764 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
once believed to encompass most or all new world populations , but karyotypic and breeding evidence supports the strict application of d . torquatus for only eurasian populations ( see wilson and reeder 2005 and references therein ) .
arctic and sub - arctic tundra and forest - tundra in the palearctic , from white sea , w russia , to chukotski peninsula , ne siberia , and kamchatka ; including novaya zemlya and new siberian islands , arctic ocean
( wilson and reeder 2005 ) , but excluding wrangel island ( gromov and erbaeva 1995 , pavlinov et al . 2002 ) .
common throughout the distributional area . shows extreme cycles of abundance approximately every three years . apparent population declines in the european part of the distribution area may have been the result of natural population fluctuation .
inhabits arctic and subarctic tundra and forest - tundra with small salix spp . bushes . lives in colonies with simple burrows along feeding routes ; nesting and seed storage chambers used collectively . activity is multiphase and may occur around the clock . feeds on shoots and leaves of willows and birches , and vegetation and berries of cloudberry , great bilberry and other species . litters 2 - 3 times a year with 5 - 6 young each time . a migratory species .
no major threats known at present , but climate change may threaten the species in the future .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t6568a115082665 .
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these animals are herbivores who feed on grasses , sedges and berries in the summer , and willow buds and bark in winter ( banfield 1974 ; burns 2004 ) . they prefer willow leaves and forbs , and in some areas will leave clumps of willows stripped bare of leaves , particularly during periods of high population density .
although large groups of lemmings do embark on mass migrations from time to time , there is no evidence that they actually throw themselves into the sea to drown en masse , as the popular legend proposes ( macdonald 2006 ) .
banfield , a . w . f . 1974 . the mammals of canada . university of toronto press , toronto , ontario .
burns , j . a . 2004 . late pleistocene lemmings ( lemmus trimucronatus and dicrostonyx groenlandicus ; muridae : rodentia ) from alberta , canada . journal of mammalogy 85 ( 3 ) : 379 - 383 .
macdonald , d . w . ( editor ) . 2006 . the princeton encyclopedia of mammals . princeton university press , princeton , nj .
this material is based in part on work supported by the national science foundation under grant no . 1050638 .
any opinions , findings , and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the national science foundation . the mammoths and mastodont project team gratefully acknowledges their support .
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research support , u . s . gov ' t , p . h . s .
as a food item , it can be converted into food points to feed your dragons through your hoard . this one gives 15 meat points per item converted .
as with all food items , this item can be transmuted at baldwin ' s to produce a random color of goo .
when their numbers grow too large , singed lemmings run en masse into the mouths of volcanoes .
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lemmings eat willows and herbaceous plants . they are intermittently active day and night , and during winter forage beneath insulating snow .
lemmings breed rapidly and every 3 - 5 years reach peak densities of 60 - 125 per hectare . subsequent population declines involve cessation of breeding and massive die - offs , but are not caused by predators , disease , starvation or stress from overcrowding .
lemmings are the main food for arctic carnivores , including valuable fur - bearing arctic foxes and weasels .
canadian biodiversity website a great information source for all budding biologists . learn about biodiversity theory , natural history , and conservation issues . from mcgills redpath museum .
indigenous ( aboriginal ) peoples are the original inhabitants of the land that is now canada .
this is a directory page . britannica does not currently have an article on this topic .
animal , ( kingdom animalia ) , any of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms ( i . e . , as distinct from…


it was described by hampson in 1906 .

the wingspan is 13 – 19 mm .

parapoynx bipunctalis

parapoynx bipunctalis is a moth in the crambidae family . it was described by hampson in 1906 . it is found in sudan , uganda , the democratic republic of congo , nigeria , niger , benin , ivory coast , gambia and senegal .
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the wingspan is 13–19 mm . the forewings are white with dark fuscous spots beneath the subcostal vein . there is an oblique yellow postmedian fascia and a yellow subterminal fascia . the hindwings are white with a dark fuscous discal spot . adults have been recorded on wing in february and from june to november .
nigeria n , near kafanhan , kagoro forest , 13 . xi . 1976 , leg . j . c . deeming .
holotype ♀ , bmnh ; paratpes 1♂ , 3♀ , genitalia slides pyralidae 21333 , 21334 , bmnh .
agassiz d . j . l . 2012 . the acentropinae ( lepidoptera : pyraloidea : crambidae ) of africa . - zootaxa 3494 : 1–73 .
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metzneria metzneriella is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is widely distributed throughout europe , as well as turkey and southern siberia .

the habitat consists of dry pastures and calcareous soils .

the wingspan is 14 – 19 mm .

adults are on wing from june to august .

the larvae feed on the seeds of centaurea jacea , centaurea phrygia and centaurea scabiosa .

the species overwinters within the seedhead .

pupation takes place in late spring .

metzneria metzneriella

metzneria metzneriella ( meadow neb ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
niittymykerökoi
to
metzneria metzneriella stainton 1851
.
animalia eumetozoa arthropoda hexapoda insecta lepidoptera gelechioidea gelechiidae anomologinae metzneria zeller 1839 metzneria metzneriella ( stainton , 1851 ) - gelechia paucipunctella zeller , 1839 - gelechia metzneriella ( stainton , 1851 ) = parasia falcatella bruand , 1859 = cleodora ochroleucella s tephens , 1834 - h . t . stainton , 1851 - a supplementary catalogue of the british tineidae & pterophoridae suppl . cat . br . tineidae and pterophoridae . : 1 - 28 - not specified
the similar species m . lappella is lighter especially in the apical and terminal areas and is much larger than m metzneriella .
m . lappella is on average slightly larger , generally paler and lacks the dark reddish - brown streaks speckled with whitish present in m . metzneriella . the other brownish metzneria species lack the prominent black spot on the forewing at three - quarters . worn moths may require dissection .
the commonest of the six british species of metzneria , and distributed throughout england , wales and southern scotland . it also occurs locally in ireland .
the commonest of the six british species of metzneria distributed throughout england , wales and southern scotland . it also occurs locally in ireland . in the butterfly conservation’s microlepidoptera report 2011 this species was classified as common .
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a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .
a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !
a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .
mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel
identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley
the moths are on the wing between june and august , occupying dry pastures and calcareous soils .
the larvae feed on the seeds of common knapweed ( centaurea nigra ) or saw - wort ( serratula tinctoria ) , overwintering in the seedhead before pupating in late spring .
ukmoths is built , run and maintained by ian kimber , with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information .
the ukmoths facebook page is a great place to post your identification queries . more often than not you ' ll get a positive id on most photos fairly quickly .
looking for a specific moth species ? enter just part of the name below .
procache : v317 render date : 2018 - 07 - 06 21 : 00 : 24 page render time : 0 . 2627s total w / procache : 0 . 3213s
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recorded in 36 ( 52 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1874 . last recorded in 2018 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
common over much of england and wales , more local in northern england , central wales and central lowland scotland . local to very local in south - west england , southern scotland , northern ireland and ireland . apparently absent from most of northern scotland ( recorded once in the central highlands ) , isle of man and the channel islands .
centaurea nigra ( common knapweed ) , see plant distribution map , and serratula tinctoria ( saw - wort ) . bred from centaurea paniculata ( jersey knapweed ) on the isle of wight in 1967 ( e c pelham - clinton ) .
in europe , also found on centaurea scabiosa ( greater knapweed ) , centaurea montana ( perennial cornflower ) , centaurea phrygia , centaurea jacea and centaurea pratensis .
downland , field borders , meadows , railway banks , roadsides verges , scrub , sea - cliffs , waste ground and woodland edges .
larva : in the seed - heads from late august , overwintering until pupation in april . overwintered seed - heads can produce large numbers of adults .
single - brooded from late may to early august . there have been only two records in september as detailed below .
latest : 6th september 2006 ( vc62 ) and 19th september 2011 ( vc27 ) .
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wingspan 14 to19 mm . orangey - brown wing has a row of dark dots and a pale fringe .
the larvae feed on the seeds of common knapweed or saw - wort overwintering in the seedhead before pupating in late spring .
it appears to be uncommon in leicestershire and rutland , where there are few records . l & r moth group status = d ( rare or rarely recorded ) .
site contains : 61 butterflies , 697 macro moths , 1126 micro moths , 865675 records & 5393 photos .
recorded in 16 ( 5 . 9 % ) of the 270 2km squares of huntingdonshire .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
§1 silverdale , lancashire ; 20 / 06 / 2014 ; female ; fw 6 . 9mm §2 portland , dorset ; 23 / 06 / 2015 ; male ; to light §3 portland , dorset ; 25 / 06 / 2015 ; male ; fw 8 . 4mm ; to light §4 foulden common , norfolk ; 29 / 06 / 2017 ; female ; fw 6 . 6mm all images © chris lewis
europe - excluding ( azores , balearic is . , bulgaria , canary is . , channel is . , corsica , crete , croatia , cyprus , madeira , malta , sardinia & slovenia )
forewing light brown with reddish brown shading , with venation highlighted in greyish and whitish and black dots at one third along the forewing , one half and two thirds . the black dots are inconsistent and can be missing altogether .
clearly worn individuals of this genera would have to be identified through genitalia examination .
note - plants hyperlinked in red below take the visitor to the relevant plant page on
plants for a future
website where further information like photos , physical characteristics , habitats , edible uses , medicinal uses , cultivation , propagation , range , height etc . are clearly listed . plant families - in bold red below takes the visitor to the relevant
lepi - plants
page where other butterflies & moths using the plants below are listed .


bombus cryptarum is a species of bumblebee .

it is native to the northern hemisphere , where it is " one of the most widespread bumblebees in the world . "

it occurs throughout europe , asia , and north america .

it is known commonly as the cryptic bumblebee .

the species ' complete distribution is unclear due to taxonomic uncertainties .

it is part of a species complex of several bees in the subgenus bombus sensu stricto , which are very similar and difficult to tell apart .

it has only recently been identified in the british isles .

in northern areas this bee lives on plains , especially in heather ecosystems .

in southern regions it can be found in mountain habitat .

bombus cryptarum

the specimen belongs to a cryptic species complex consisting of bombus cryptarum , bombus lucorum and bombus magnus but could positively be determined as bombus cryptarum with the analyses of the nucleotide sequence of the coi gene . for details , see the discussion .
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
kangaskimalainen
to
bombus cryptarum
.
subgenus bombus in the strict sense [ bremus [ jurine ] , 1801 : 164 , type - species apis terrestris linnaeus = bombus terrestris ( linnaeus ) by subsequent designation of morice & durrant , 1915 : 429 , suppressed by iczn , 1939 ] [ bremus panzer , [ 1801 - 1804 ] : pl . 19 - 21 , type - species apis agrorum fabricius = bombus pascuorum ( scopoli ) by subsequent designation of sandhouse , 1943 : 532 , suppressed by iczn , 1954 ] bombus latreille , 1802 : 437 , type - species apis terrestris linnaeus [ cited as apis terrestris f . ] = bombus terrestris ( linnaeus ) by monotypy bombus latreille , 1802 : 385 , type - species apis terrestris linnaeus = bombus terrestris ( linnaeus ) by monotypy , redescribed bombus ( leucobombus ) dalla torre , 1880 : 40 , type - species apis terrestris linnaeus ( = bombus terrestris ( linnaeus ) ) by subsequent designation of sandhouse , 1943 : 564 bombus ( terrestribombus ) vogt , 1911 : 55 , type - species apis terrestris linnaeus ( = bombus terrestris ( linnaeus ) ) by subsequent designation of frison , 1927 : 67 [ bombellus zoological record , 1931 : 248 ? published without description ]
subgenus : bombus . the taxonomy of this subgenus has long been unstable . it had been particularly unclear whether any north american populations really belonged in the species b . lucorum . williams et al . ( 2012 ) , based on multicontinental genetic studies of this subgenus , concluded that much of what had been called b . lucorum , including all north american populations , is actually conspecific with bombus ( bombus ) cryptarum , which ranges across much of europe and asia into western north america . all north american records for b . lucorum or b . moderatus are transferred to this species . b . moderatus becomes a synonym of b . cryptarum .
the above names have been included in the synonymy of bombus lucorum ( sensu lato ) ( see williams et al . , 2012 ) .
bombus ( bo . ) cryptarum ( fabricius ) cryptarum ( fabricius , 1775 : 379 [ apis ] ) albocinctus smith , 1854 : 397 modestus cresson , 1863 : 99 , not of eversmann , 1852 : 134 ( = b . modestus eversmann ) moderatus cresson , 1863 : 109 , replacement name for modestus cresson , 1863 : 99 iranicus krüger , 1954 : 273 ? borochorensis krüger , 1954 : 273 ? turkestanicus krüger , 1954 : 274 ? burjaeticus krüger , 1954 : 277 florilegus panfilov , 1956 : 1334 reinigianus rasmont , 1984 : 137 armeniensis rasmont , 1984 : 138 52 names
bertsch , a . , m . hrabé de angelis , and g . k . h . przemeck . 2010 . a phylogenetic framework for the north american bumble bee species of the subgenus bombus sensu stricto ( bombus affinis , b . franklini , b . moderatus , b . occidentalis & b . terricola ) based on mitochondrial dna markers . beiträge zur entomologie 60 : 229 - 242 .
taxonomic status : b . lucorum and b . cryptarum have been regarded both as conspecific ( krüger , 1951 ; løken , 1973 ; tkalcu , 1974 ) and as separate species ( rasmont , 1984 ) . what turned out to be b . cryptarum came to people ' s attention again after an unidentified taxon was found among males of ' b . lucorum ' with unexpected labial gland secretions ( kullenberg et al . , 1970 ; bergstrom et al . , 1973 ) . b . cryptarum has sometimes been regarded as part of an unresolved complex ( williams et al . , 2009 ) until it becomes possible to recognise and diagnose the species reliably , with the aim of minimising the inevitable but misleading misidentifications .
koch , j . b . , and j . strange . 2012 . the status of bombus occidentalis and b . moderatus in alaska with special focus on nosema bombi incidence . northwest science 86 ( 3 ) : 212 - 220 .
according to williams et al . ( 21012 ) b . ( b . ) cryptarum is the most widespread species of the subgenus and extends across much of europe into central asia , north china , the kuril islands , the east coast of russia , and north - western north america . in north america this species occurs in alaska and western canada southeast to about banff .
bombus ( bo . ) ignitus smith ignitus smith , 1869 : 207 , examined terminalis smith , 1873 : 206 , examined , not of smith in horne , 1870 : 193 ( = b . festivus smith ) japonicus dalla torre , 1890 : 139 , replacement name for terminalis smith , 1873 : 206 15 names
coi barcodes ( bertsch et al . , 2005 ; williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) support the interpretation that b . cryptarum is a species separate from b . lucorum . however , it remains difficult to distinguish from related species reliably on the basis of morphology alone ( rasmont et al . , 1986 ; carolan et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
hatfield , r . , s . colla , s . jepsen , l . richardson , r . thorp , and s . f . jordan . 2014 . iucn assessments for north american bombus spp . technical report for the north american iucn bumble bee specialist group . assessments completed 2014 , document updated in february 2015 . 56 pp .
pampell , r . , d . sikes , a . pantoja , p . holloway , c . knight , r . ranft . 2015 . bumble bees ( hymenoptera : apidae : bombus spp . ) of interior alaska : species composition , distribution , seasonal biology , and parasites . biodiversity data journal 3 : e5085 . doi : 10 . 3897 / bdj . 3 . e5085
taxonomic status : coi barcodes ( bertsch , 2010 ; williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) support the interpretation that this is a broadly distributed species . however , it remains difficult to distinguish from several related species ( especially b . magnus , b . cryptarum , b . longipennis , b . jacobsoni ) on the basis of morphology alone ( rasmont et al . , 1986 ; carolan et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
williams , p . h . 2008a . bombus , bumblebees of the world . web pages based on williams , p . h . 1998 . an annotated checklist of bumblebees with an analysis of patterns of description ( hymenoptera : apidae , bombini ) . bulletin of the natural history museum ( entomology ) 67 : 79 - 152 . online . available : urltoken accessed 2008 - oct .
nomenclature : when day ( 1979 ) came to fix the application of a . terrestris linnaeus ( see the comments on b . terrestris ) , he had no reason to believe that linnaeus had not described this taxon from the syntype specimen that was subsequently described as the lectotype ( = a . cryptarum fabricius , see rasmont , 1988 : 52 ) . this action brought b . lucorum ( linnaeus ) into subjective junior synonymy with b . terrestris ( linnaeus ) .
( > 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( greater than 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) according to williams et al . ( 21012 ) b . ( b . ) cryptarum is the most widespread species of the subgenus and extends across much of europe into central asia , north china , the kuril islands , the east coast of russia , and north - western north america . in north america this species occurs in alaska and western canada southeast to about banff .
taxonomic status : bertsch et al . ( 2010a ) concluded that the taxon jacobsoni is part of the species b . cryptarum , although they used a single ' degraded ' coi sequence from an old specimen collected in 1929 . in contrast , williams et al . ( 2012 [ pdf ] ) used sequences from two recent specimens and concluded that b . jacobsoni is a rare , narrowly distributed ( its known range is just 260 km across within jammu and kashmir , india ) , but separate species .
part of the bumblebee phylogenetic tree including available bombus s . str . species from an analysis of dna sequence data for five genes ( cameron et al . 2007 [ pdf ] ) . values above branches are bayesian posterior probabilities , values below branches are parsimony bootstrap values . alternative resolution from parsimony analysis is shown with dotted lines . for an alternative bayesian tree from a larger sample of coi barcodes , see williams et al . ( 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
bombus ( bo . ) terrestris ( linnaeus ) terreftris [ terrestris ] ( linnaeus , 1758 : 578 [ apis ] ) audax ( harris , 1776 : 130 [ apis ] ) not of harris , 1776 : 137 ( = anthophora sp . ) xanthopus kriechbaumer , 1870 : 157 dalmatinus dalla torre , 1882 : 26 canariensis pérez , 1895 : 191 terrestriformis vogt , 1911 : 56 , examined lusitanicus krüger , 1956 : 78 , examined africanus vogt in krüger , 1956 : 91 , examined maderensis erlandsson , 1979 : 191 112 names
williams , p . h . , m . j . f . brown , j . c . carolan , j . an , d . goulson , a . m . aytekin , l . r . best , a . m . byvaltsev , b . cederberg , r . dawson , j . huang , m . ito , a . monfared , r . h . raina . p . schmid - hempel , c . s . sheffield , p . sima and z . xie . 2012 . unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus bombus s . str . worldwide with coi barcodes ( hymenopetera : apidae ) . systematics and biodiversity , ifirst , 1 - 36 .
williams , p . h . , m . j . f . brown , j . c . carolan , j . an , d . goulson , a . m . aytekin , l . r . best , a . m . byvaltsev , b . cederberg , r . dawson , j . huang , m . ito , a . monfared , r . h . raina , p . schmid - hempel , c . s . sheffield , p . ima , and z . xie . 2012 . unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus bombus s . str . worldwide with coi barcodes ( hymenoptera : apidae ) . systematics and biodiversity 10 ( 1 ) : 21 - 56 .
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number of species in equal - area ( 611 , 000 km² ) grid cells with an equal - interval blue scale .
food - plants : short tongue - length bumblebees visiting shallow flowers . they frequently bite holes in corollas and rob deeper flowers . they also provide ' buzz ' pollination for tomatoes etc . b . terrestris is especially widely propagated and introduced for the pollination of glasshouse crops .
nesting behaviour : nests underground . non - pocket makers . colonies may be large .
taxonomic status : b . terrestris , b . maderensis , b . canariensis and b . xanthopus have been regarded both as conspecific and as separate species .
erlandsson ( 1979 ) argued that the dark individuals from the canary islands , previously placed within b . terrestris by for example krüger ( 1954 , 1956 ) , are a separate species , b . canariensis . erlandsson also argued that individuals from the island of madeira , previously placed within b . terrestris by bischoff ( 1937 ) , are a separate species , b . maderensis . in both cases the morphological characters used to support these distinctions are not strongly divergent from the broad variation within b . terrestris in the broad sense . rasmont ( 1984 ) also regarded these three taxa as separate species , but pekkarinen & kaarnama ( 1994 ) treated them as conspecific .
estoup et al . ( 1996 ) concluded that although mainland populations do not vary significantly among themselves in mitochondrial genes , all island populations studied ( from six mediterranean islands with near - typical b . terrestris in addition to the taxon canariensis ) show significant differences from the mainland populations . rasmont et al . ( 2008 ) included several of these as subspecies of b . terrestris . more recent ( bertsch , 2010 ) and broader ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) studies of coi barcodes support the interpretation that they are parts of the broader species b . terrestris .
a study of the taxon xanthopus on corsica in comparison with b . terrestris in neighbouring europe by lecocq et al . ( 2014 ) concluded that xanthopus is an endemic corsican species ( although tellingly their coi bgmyc results are consistent with xanthopus being conspecific with terrestris s . l . ) . however when samples from throughout the known global distribution of b . terrestris were analysed for coi coalescents ( using gmyc ) , including samples from madeira , the canary islands , north africa , europe , russia , iran , central asia , and from as far east as the indigenous eastern limit of the species in mongolia , then the corsican ' xanthopus ' samples were found to be part of b . terrestris , closely related to other subgroups within that species ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
nomenclature : the orthography of linnaeus ( 1758 ) employs a long ' s ' ( similar to ' f ' or ' f ' ) , a common practice of the period . this convention has since changed and recent authors have consistently used ' s ' .
day ( 1979 ) described how none of the admissable syntypes of a . terrestris linnaeus is in agreement with the current usage of the name .
to reaffirm the traditional usage of this particularly widely used name , a case was made to iczn by løken et al . ( 1994 ) . this sought an opinion from iczn ( iczn , 1996 ) that set aside , by use of its plenary power ( iczn , 1985 : articles 78b , 79 ) , the lectotype designation for a . terrestris by day from application of the code ( iczn , 1985 ) , and then designated a neotype ( iczn , 1996 : 64 ) to conserve the traditional usage of the name for even the narrowest concept of the taxon ( iczn , 1985 : article 75 ) .
introductions : this species has been introduced into new zealand ( e . g . gurr , 1957 , 1995 ; macfarlane & gurr , 1995 ) ( see the comments on b . hortorum , b . ruderatus , and b . subterraneus ) , tasmania ( cardale , 1993 ; stout & goulson , 2000 ) , brazil ( thorp , 2003 ) , chile ( torretta et al . , 2006 ) , mexico ( stout & goulson , 2000 ; winter et al . , 2006 ) , and japan ( washitani , 1998 ; inoue et al . , 2008 ) . it appears that it was also introduced into mainland australia ( new south wales ) without persisting ( w . froggatt in franklin , 1913 ) . recently it has spread from chile to argentina ( torretta et al . , 2006 ) .
taxonomic status : coi barcodes support the interpretation that the taxon gilgitensis is a dark form of the species b . tunicatus ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
distribution : e nearctic region . this species has shown a precipitous collapse in its former range and abundance since 1995 ( thorp , 2003 ; thorp & shepherd , 2005 ; colla & packer , 2008 ) .
iucn conservation status : preliminary assessment as critically endangered ( williams & osborne , 2009 ) by criterion a2 ( iucn , 2001 , 2008 ) that it is inferred to have undergone a > 80 % population reduction since 1995 , that the causes may not be reversible and may not yet have ceased , based on few records of individuals in the last four years ( the species is still being recorded in every year , but in very small numbers : s . colla , in litt . ) .
taxonomic status : this species has been treated as conspecific with b . occidentalis by milliron ( 1971 ) , but has since been shown to be very distinct in morphology by plowright & stephen ( 1980 ) and williams ( 1991 [ pdf ] ) , in enzyme mobilities by scholl , thorp & obrecht ( 1992 ) , and in coi barcodes ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
distribution : w nearctic region . b . franklini has one of the narrowest distributions of any bumble bee species world - wide . all recent specimens have been collected within a 60 mile ( 97 km ) radius of grants pass , oregon ( thorp , 1970 , 2003 , 2005 ; thorp et al . , 1983 ) . this species has shown dramatic declines in its former range and abundance since 1995 ( thorp , 2003 , 2005 ; thorp & shepherd , 2005 ; iucn , 2008 ) .
iucn conservation status : preliminary assessment as critically endangered ( williams & osborne , 2009 ) by criterion a2 ( iucn , 2001 , 2008 ) that it is inferred to have undergone a > 80 % population reduction since 1995 , that the causes may not be reversible and may not yet have ceased , based on few records of individuals in the last four years . there are suggestions that it may be extinct ( buchmann et al . , 2008 ) . the last known record is from 2006 ( r . thorp , in litt . ) .
taxonomic status : tkalcu ( 1974 ) recognised the taxon minshanicola as part of the species b . longipennis from morphology . bertsch ( 2010 ) confirmed that the taxon minshanicola is part of a species separate from b . lucorum from coi barcodes . a broader study of coi barcodes ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) confirmed further that the taxon minshanicola is part of b . longipennis , as may be the taxon reinigi . it remains possible that the taxon reinigi might be considered a separate species , depending on which species concept is applied .
a study of the taxon renardi on corsica in comparison with b . lucorum in neighbouring europe by lecocq et al . ( 2014 ) concluded that renardi is an endemic corsican species ( although tellingly their coi bgmyc results show renardi to be conspecific with lucorum s . l . ) .
to reaffirm the traditional usage of b . terrestris and b . lucorum , a case was made to iczn by løken et al . ( 1994 ) . this sought an opinion from iczn ( iczn , 1996 ) that set aside , by use of its plenary power ( iczn , 1985 : articles 78b , 79 ) , the lectotype designation for a . terrestris by day from application of the code ( iczn , 1985 ) , and then designated a neotype ( iczn , 1996 : 64 ) to conserve the traditional usage of b . terrestris and b . lucorum ( iczn , 1985 : article 75 ) .
introductions : this species occurs in iceland , where it has probably been introduced ( prys - jones et al . , 1981 ) ( see the comments on b . hortorum ) .
taxonomic status : tkalcu ( 1962 ) mapped the orange - tailed taxon ganjsuensis from north china as part of the species b . hypocrita , but coi barcodes ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) support the taxon ganjsuensis as part of the otherwise white - tailed species b . patagiatus ( see notes on b . patagiatus ) .
distribution : japanese , palaearctic regions . this species has shown dramatic declines in its former range and abundance in japan since the introduction there of b . terrestris ( matsumura et al . , 2004 ; inoue et al . , 2008 ) .
taxonomic status : b . terricola and b . occidentalis have been regarded both as conspecific ( e . g . milliron , 1971 ; poole , 1996 ) and as separate species ( e . g . franklin , 1913 [ but see p . 239 ] ; stephen , 1957 ; thorp et al . , 1983 ; scholl et al . , 1990 ) .
available specimens appear to show a cline in colour variation between the eastern b . terricola colour pattern and the western b . occidentalis colour pattern . many specimens from the north west of north america show a reduction in the extent of the yellow bands on gastral terga ii and iii , with an expansion of the pale pubescence on tergum iv , which might be intermediate or recombinant individuals between the two extreme patterns ( worker patterns 3 - 5 from the left of the colour - pattern diagrams here ) .
coi barcodes ( bertsch et al . , 2010b ; williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) support the interpretation that b . occidentalis is a species separate from b . terricola . there is also evidence for a disjunct northern population , for which the oldest available name is mckayi ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
distribution : w nearctic region . this species has shown dramatic declines in range and abundance particularly in the south west of its former range since 1995 ( thorp , 2003 ; thorp & shepherd , 2005 ) .
iucn conservation status : preliminary assessment as endangered ( williams & osborne , 2009 ) by criterion a2 ( iucn , 2001 , 2008 ) that it is inferred to have undergone a > 50 % population reduction since 1995 , that the causes may not be reversible and may not yet have ceased , based on few records of individuals in the last four years , at least in the northern parts of its range .
distribution : e and w nearctic regions . this species has shown dramatic declines in range and abundance particularly in the south of its former range since 1995 ( colla & packer , 2008 ) .
iucn conservation status : preliminary assessment as endangered ( williams & osborne , 2009 ) by criterion a2 ( iucn , 2001 , 2008 ) that it is inferred to have undergone a > 50 % population reduction since 1995 , that the causes may not be reversible and may not yet have ceased , based on few records of individuals in the last four years , at least in the south - eastern and south - western quarters of its range .
taxonomic status : coi barcodes support the interpretation that b . lantschouensis is a separate species ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
taxonomic status : coi barcodes support the interpretation that b . minshanensis may be a separate species ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) , although closely related to b . lantschouensis .
taxonomic status : b . lucorum and b . magnus have been regarded both as conspecific ( vogt , 1911 ; pekkarinen , 1979 ) and as separate species ( krüger , 1951 ; løken , 1973 ; tkalcu , 1974 ; rasmont , 1984 ) . however , specialists disagreed among themselves on the precise thresholds ( along an apparent continuum of morphological variation ) for diagnosing them ( williams , 2000 [ link ] ) . b . magnus has therefore sometimes been regarded as part of an unresolved complex ( williams et al . , 2009 ) until it becomes possible to recognise and diagnose the species reliably , with the aim of minimising the inevitable but misleading misidentifications .
coi barcodes ( bertsch et al . , 2005 ; williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) support the interpretation that b . magnus is a species separate from b . lucorum . however , it remains difficult to distinguish from related species reliably on the basis of morphology alone ( rasmont et al . , 1986 ; carolan et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) .
taxonomic status : tkalcu ( 1962 ) mapped the orange - tailed taxon ganjsuensis from north china as part of the species b . hypocrita , but coi barcodes ( williams et al . , 2012 [ pdf ] ) support the taxon ganjsuensis as part of the otherwise white - tailed species b . patagiatus ( see notes on b . hypocrita ) .
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this is one of the most widespread bumblebees in the world . it is common in much of its range , including the north american portion . it is not known to be declining seriously in places where habitats remain . north american populations should be monitored considering the severity of declines of other species in the same subgenus .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
koch ( 2011 ) did find a strain of nosema in this species ( as b . moderatus ) in alaska . this may well be a long - term native parasite in that area . this situation should be monitored , but for now there does not appear to be cause for concern .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
abbott , v . a . , j . l . nadeau , h . a . higo , and m . l . winston . 2008 . lethal and sub - lethal effects of imidacloprid on osmia lignaria and clothianidin on megachile rotundata ( hymenoptera : megachildae ) . journal of economic entomology 101 : 784 - 796 .
koch , j . b . 2011 . the decline and conservation status of north american bumble bees . utah state university digitalcommons @ usu , all graduate theses and dissertations . paper 1015 . online . available : urltoken
schweitzer , d . f . , n . a . capuano , b . e . young and s . r . colla . 2012 . conservation and management of north american bumble bees . natureserve , arlington , virginia , and usda forest service , washington , d . c . 17 pp .
williams , p . h . , r . w . thorp , l . l . richardson , and s . r . colla . 2014b . bumble bees of north america : an identification guide . princeton university press . 208 pp .
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natureserve . 2017 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve , arlington , virginia . available http : / / explorer . natureserve . org . ( accessed :
ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .
data developed as part of the global amphibian assessment and provided by iucn - world conservation union , conservation international and natureserve .
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) . your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users .
bwars has not yet produced an account for this species . we anticipate completing the process of producing accounts for all british and irish species by around 2014 . meanwhile , on this page you can find at least a provisional distribution map , any images bwars has procured for the species and a list of known synonyms ( names previously applied to this species ) . the work of mapping aculeate hymenoptera , plus describing their life histories , is the major activity that bwars undertakes . should you have an interest in recording and studying aculeates , you may like to consider joining bwars and supporting our activities , by making records of species in areas you visit . to complete species accounts , bwars runs provisional maps and profiles in its newsletters . this is accompanied by a call for records to supplement any already held by the society . the account and map is revised according to any new data that is received . this is then published in an atlas , which contains fifty - sixty species accounts . copies of the atlases are available from bwars . if we have no images for this species , and you can contribute some , please do contact bwars .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
b . lucorum sensu lato comprises several cryptic species now recognized as distinct based on new evidence including dna barcodes ( williams et al . , 2012 ) .
contributed by ted kropiewnicki on 11 march , 2009 - 7 : 10pm additional contributions by beatriz moisset , john s . ascher , v belov last updated 11 february , 2013 - 3 : 29pm
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
type status : other material . occurrence : occurrenceremarks : on rhododendron ferrugineum l . ; recordedby : s . bossert ; individualcount : 1 ; sex : 1 queen ; location : country : austria ; stateprovince : tyrol ; locality : zemmgrund ; verbatimelevation : 2006 m ; decimallatitude : 47 . 022678 ; decimallongitude : 11 . 813367 ; event : samplingprotocol : manual catch ; eventdate : 07 - 05 - 13 ; habitat : alpine meadow / tall forb meadow
the species seems to have a boreal distribution in great parts of the palaearctic and even reaches western north america ( williams et al . 2012 ) .
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de skattade värdena som bedömningen baserar sig på ligger alla inom intervallet för kategorin livskraftig ( lc ) .
länsvis förekomst och status för skogsjordhumla baserat på sammanställningar och bedömningar av gjorda fynd .
blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .
i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .
defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .
denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .
du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .
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