aroga chlorocrana is a moth of the family gelechiidae .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from texas .

the wingspan is about 19 mm .

the forewings are blackish-fuscous .

the hindwings are light grey with an expansible whitish hairpencil from the base lying along the edge of the costa to near the middle .

aroga chlorocrana

gelechia chlorocrana meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 348 ; tl : texas , forestburg
aroga temporariella sattler , 1960 ; rev . fr . ent . 27 : 236
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
piennarkeulakoi
to
aroga velocella zeller 1839
.
aroga mesostrota ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 120
aroga argutiola hodges , 1974 ; can . ent . 106 ( 9 ) : 987 ; tl : michigan , alcona co .
aroga atraphaxi bidzilya , 2009 ; shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 301 ; tl : tadzhikistan , kondara , 1100m
aroga panchuli bidzilya , 2009 ; shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 302 ; tl : tadzhikistan , kondara , 1400m
aroga balcanicola huemer & karsholt , 1999 ; microlep . europe 3 : 160 , 32 ; tl : maced . occ . drenovo bei kavadar
aroga mesostrepta ; [ nhm card ] ; bae , lee & park , 2014 , ent . res . 44 : 19 ( list )
aroga alleriella busck , 1940 ; bull . s . calif . acad . sci . 39 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : alabama , mobile
aroga controvalva li & zheng , 1998 ; acta ent . sinica 41 ( 1 ) : 87 , 89 ; tl : chengcheng , shaanxi , 1000m
aroga danfengensis li & zheng , 1998 ; acta ent . sinica 41 ( 1 ) : 85 , 89 ; tl : danfeng , shaanxi , 680m
aroga gozmanyi park , 1991 ; ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 117 ; tl : mt kumgang , kangweon prov . , korea
aroga epigaeella ; [ nacl ] , # 2189 ( rev . stat . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 21
aroga flavicomella ; [ nhm card ] ; park & ponomarenko , 2006 , shilap revta . lepid . 34 ( 135 ) : 280 ; [ me3 ] , 157 , 32 ; [ fe ]
aroga websteri clarke , 1942 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 92 ( 3149 ) : 273 , pl . 29 , f . 5 - 5c , pl . 32 , f . 15 ; tl : pullman , washington
gelechia acharnaea meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 11 ) : 348 ; tl : texas , alpine , 7000ft
seu , turkey , urals , iran , turkmenia , . . . . see [ maps ]
larva on atraphaxis pyrifolia bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 302
gelechia camptogramma meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 58
gelechia eldorada keifer , 1936 ; calif . dept . agric . , bull . 25 : 240
= gelechia trialbamaculella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 858
gelechia eriogonella clarke , 1935 ; can . ent . 67 : 247 ; tl : washington , whitman co . , pullman
korea , seu , s . russia , irkutsk , buryatia , kazakhstan . see [ maps ]
larva on prunus spp . , p . spinosa , p . domestica , p . cerasus [ me3 ] , 158
gelechia leucanieella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 180 ; tl : san diego , california
gelechia morenella busck , 1908 ; ent . news 19 ( 7 ) : 317 ; tl : morena and pine valley , san diego , california
larva on atraphaxis pyrifolia bidzilya , 2009 , shilap revta lepid . 37 ( 147 ) : 303
gelechia paraplutella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 181 ; tl : san diego , california
gelechia paulella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 865 ; tl : arizona ; colorado
gelechia rigidae clarke , 1935 ; can . ent . 67 : 249 ; tl : washington , whitman co . , rock lake
gelechia trialbamaculella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 250
gelechia unifasciella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 865 ; tl : arizona , williams
gelechia xyloglypta meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 22 ; tl : california , venice
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths
studien über die lepidopterenfauna der balkanländer . iii . teil . sammelergebnisse aus montenegro , albanien , mazedonien und thrazien
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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nomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .
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- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
austria , bulgaria , hungary , germany , spain , italy , poland , romania , sicily , slovakia , france , czech republic , switzerland , yugoslavia .
regions of the russian federation : the volga - don , the european central black earth , the european central european south taiga , trans - baikal , of baikal , pribaikalskiy , mid - volzhsky , south ural .
austria , bulgaria , hungary , germany , spain ( mainland ) , italy ( mainland ) , macedonia , poland , russia , romania , sicily , slovakia , ukraine , france ( mainland ) , czech republic , switzerland .
[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
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species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .


the ivory-billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) is one of the largest woodpeckers in the world , at roughly 20 inches ( 51 cm ) long and 30 inches ( 76 cm ) in wingspan .

it is native to the virgin forests of the southeastern united states ( along with a separate subspecies native to cuba ) .

because of habitat destruction and , to a lesser extent , hunting , its numbers have dwindled to the point where whether any remain is uncertain , though reports have indicated it has been seen again in the current century .

almost no forests today can maintain an ivory-billed woodpecker population .

the species is listed as critically endangered and possibly extinct by the international union for conservation of nature .

the american birding association lists the ivory-billed woodpecker as a class 6 species , a category it defines as " definitely or probably extinct " .

reports of at least one male ivory-billed woodpecker in arkansas in 2004 were investigated and subsequently published in april 2005 by a team led by the cornell lab of ornithology .

no definitive confirmation of those reports emerged , despite intensive searching over five years following the initial sightings .

an anonymous $ 10,000 reward was offered in june 2006 for information leading to the discovery of an ivory-billed woodpecker nest , roost , or feeding site .

in december 2008 , the nature conservancy announced a reward of $ 50,000 to the person who can lead a project biologist to a living ivory-billed woodpecker .

in late september 2006 , a team of ornithologists from auburn university and the university of windsor published reports of their own sightings of ivory-billed woodpeckers along the choctawhatchee river in northwest florida , beginning in 2005 .

these reports were accompanied by evidence that the authors themselves considered suggestive for the existence of ivory-billed woodpeckers .

searches in this area of florida through 2009 failed to produce definitive confirmation .

in january 2017 , a scientist at the naval research laboratory published a report of ten sightings of ivory-billed woodpeckers , including nine in the pearl river along the louisiana-mississippi border and one in the choctawhatchee river .

three of the sightings are supported by video footage of birds with flights , behaviors , field marks , and other characteristics that do not seem to be consistent with any species of the region other than the ivory-billed woodpecker .

nobody has managed to obtain indisputable photographic evidence for the persistence of the ivory-billed woodpecker , but the paper contains an analysis based on factors related to behavior and habitat suggesting that such evidence is unlikely to be obtained in time to make a difference in the conservation of this species .

despite published reports from arkansas , florida , and louisiana , and sporadic reports elsewhere in the historic range of the species since the 1940s , no universally accepted evidence exists for the continued existence of the ivory-billed woodpecker ; i.e. , no undisputed photographs , videos , specimens or dna samples from feathers or feces of the ivory-billed woodpecker are available .

land acquisition and habitat restoration efforts have been initiated in certain areas where a relatively high probability exists that the species might survive to protect any possible surviving individuals .

ivory - billed woodpecker

ivory - billed woodpecker news see ivory - billed woodpecker photos , maps of the ivory - bill ' s habitat , and other news and information about the rediscovery of the ivory - billed woodpecker .
clarifications about current research on the status of ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) in arkansas . — ivory - billed woodpecker
ivory - billed woodpecker – status review in august 2007 the us fish and wildlife service published the draft ivory - billed woodpecker recovery . . .
history of the ivory - billed woodpecker follow the ivory - billed woodpecker on a journey through historic america lasting one hundred and eighty - five years .
sounds alone are not reliable and no one who has allegedly heard or recorded an ivory billed woodpecker can prove that it ' s an ivory billed woodpecker .
learn more about the ivory - billed woodpecker at birds of north america online .
near bayou deview , where the ivory - billed woodpecker has been spotted . hide caption
nestling ivory - billed woodpecker and j . j . kuhn , march 6 , 1938
the last confirmed sighting of an ivory - billed woodpecker was in louisiana in 1940 .
ivory - billed woodpecker she is second only to one woodpecker that was found in mexico , but the woodpecker in mexico is considered to be extinct . the ivory . . .
painting of cuban ivory - billed woodpecker by pedro regalado from the cover of cotinga 11 .
comment on ‘‘ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) persists in continental north ameri . . .
clarifications about current research on the status of ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principa . . .
in the early 1900s , conservationists warned of the impending extinction of the ivory - billed woodpecker .
for side - by - side comparisons of ivory - billed and pileated woodpecker distributions , habitats , field marks , and sounds , read
identifying and reporting an ivory - billed woodpecker .
native americans used ivory - billed woodpecker bills for decorations . a thriving bill trade existed across much of north america , so much so that archeologists uncovered ivory - billed woodpecker skulls far outside of the known range of the woodpecker .
“no , it was a giant red - headed woodpecker . ” then , “it had to be an ivory - billed woodpecker . ”
clarifications about current research on the status of ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) in arkansas .
an expensive recovery plan to save the ivory - billed woodpecker from extinction may come decades too late .
the ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) is a bird species that has reached legendary status .
the more exotic colloquial name for the ivory - billed woodpecker is the
lord god
bird .
ivory - billed woodpeckers at the movies five films feature the iconic ivory - bill . read more
newly found ivory - bill images - four previously unpublished photographs of cuban ivory - billed woodpecker . by tim gallagher . includes a photo taken in 1956 by george r . lamb , the last documented record of cuban ivory - billed woodpecker .
the conclusion must be that the ivory - billed woodpecker , c . principalis , had become extinct by 1990
the ivory - billed woodpecker is likely to pair for life . they eat , sleep , and travel together .
last june researchers triumphantly announced the rediscovery of the ivory - billed woodpecker , thought extinct for nearly 60 years .
gold , l . 2009 . no ivory - billed woodpecker , but plenty of data . available at : urltoken .
hear what amateur birders looking for the ivory - billed woodpecker have to say about their hunt for the elusive bird .
the ivory - billed woodpecker was previously found in a variety of forest types from florida swamps ( 4 ) to montane forests , the ivory - billed woodpecker is today restricted to pinus cubensis forests in mountainous areas of cuba ( 2 ) .
there were several other accountings of the ivory - billed woodpecker in the united states and cuba , up to 2004 when gene sparling of hot springs , ar spotted the bird on the cache river confirming the existence of the ivory - billed woodpecker .
the ivory - billed woodpecker is classified as critically endangered ( cr ) by the iucn red list 2007 ( 1 ) .
james t . tanner . the ivory - billed woodpecker . dover reprint . us | uk | de | fr | ca
the pileated woodpecker is the largest woodpecker found in most of north america , although the likely extirpated ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) in the southeastern united states and cuba and the imperial woodpecker ( c . imperialis ) of western mexico are larger .
campephilus principalis — the ivory - billed woodpecker — is among the world’s largest woodpeckers . only the imperial woodpecker of mexico , now thought by many to be extinct , was larger than the ivory - bill .
doubt cast on ivory - billed woodpecker video it is the zapruder film of birding : four seconds of what some scientists say is proof that the ivory - billed woodpecker is not extinct . now , skeptics have deconstructed every frame and say the bird caught on film is just a common pileated woodpecker .
the search for the ivory - billed woodpecker is over , with no sightings of the elusive bird , but lots of hope .
lamb , g . 1958 . excerpts from a report on the ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis bairdii ) in cuba .
they look tiny and elfin beneath the mammoth sweet gum and tupelo trees . their prey is the elusive ivory - billed woodpecker .
the other guys geoffrey hill describes his search for the ivory - billed woodpecker along the choctawhatchee river in florida . february 2007 .
rediscovering the ivory - billed woodpecker . cornell lab of ornithology . cornell is going to have some ' splainin ' to do .
scientists at cornell university say the pattern of white on the bird ' s wings is unique to an ivory - billed woodpecker .
the evidence for bigfoot is every bit as good as the evidence for an ivory billed woodpecker , and that evidence is garbage .
and seriously , i ' m absolutely 100 % dead certain convinced the ivory - billed woodpecker will never be found in utah .
the bird in the video is a normal pileated woodpecker , and to date there is no irrefutable data to indicate the presence of ivory - billed woodpecker in arkansas .
20 . tanner j . t . 1942 . the ivory - billed woodpecker . national audubon society research report , no . 1 .
the birds of north america online : ivory - billed woodpecker campephilus principalis . by jerome a . jackson . bna no . 711 .
but sibley didn ' t spot the telltale black line that should run down the otherwise white wing of an ivory - billed woodpecker .
many thanks for the ivory billed woodpecker identification page . i would love to see similar pages for all the extinct north american species .
video from april 2005 seemed to bring evidence of the ivory - billed woodpecker , thought to be extinct since the mid - 20th century .
nestling ivory - billed woodpecker on j . j . kuhn , march 6 , 1938 ( u . s . fish and wildlife service )
an ivory - billed woodpecker would be a birder’s holy grail . to find one at christmas would be that golden chalice gift - wrapped .
the ivory billed woodpecker , although extinct , is being exploited by snake oil salesmen / saleswomen for their own fame and / or fortune .
because the ivory - billed woodpecker looks superficially similar to the slightly smaller and more common pileated woodpecker , successful identification requires knowing about the distribution , behaviors , and field marks of both species .
watercolor painting of ivory - billed woodpeckers from audubon ' s birds of america , 1826 .
thanks for writing , steffen . ivory - billed and pileated woodpeckers share many physical characteristics :
a local artist ' s wooden cutout of the ivory - billed woodpecker graces a sign outside penny ' s hair care in brinkley . hide caption
we reanalyzed video presented as confirmation that an ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) persists in arkansas ( fitzpatrick et al . , reports , 3 june 2005 , p . 1460 ) . none of the features described as diagnostic of the ivory - billed woodpecker eliminate a normal pileated woodpecker ( dryocopus pileatus ) . although we support efforts to find and protect ivory - billed woodpeckers , the . . . [ show full abstract ]
8 . gallagher t . 2005 . the grail bird : hot on the trail of the ivory - billed woodpecker . houghton mifflin , boston .
10 . jackson j . a . 2004 . in search of the ivory - billed woodpecker . smithsonian books , washington , d . c .
postcards from the field : on the trail of the ivory - billed woodpecker follow ivory - billed woodpecker author and expert phillip hoose as he goes in search of the the lord god bird and reflects on the fascinating history of this species that , once lost , has been found again .
the bird cannot be an ivory - billed woodpecker . why ? because the bird exhibits black on the trailing edge of the wing .
i can ' t be sure what it is , but i can be sure it ' s not an ivory - billed woodpecker .
jerome a . jackson . in search of the ivory - billed woodpecker . smithsonian books 2004 . us | uk | de | fr | ca
collinson jm . 2007 . video analysis of the escape flight of pileated woodpecker dryocopus pileatus : does the ivory - billed woodpecker campephilus principalis persist in continental north america ? bmc biology 5 : 8 .
the ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) , one of the largest woodpeckers known at ; has become elusive to ornithologists as well as birdwatchers .
now what ? what’s next for the big woods conservation partnership and the ivory - billed woodpecker . by elliott swarthout and ron rohrbaugh , august 2005 .
finding the ivory - billed woodpecker after years of thinking the bird had been long dead would be the culmination of a dream for remsen and others .
an artist ' s image of an ivory - billed woodpecker . the bird is thought by some to have gone extinct more than 60 years ago .
for more information about the search and the efforts to save the ivory - billed woodpecker and the big woods , visit www . ivorybill . org .
usfws . 2010 . recovery plan for the ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) . u . s . fish and wildlife service , atlanta .
the cornell lab of ornithology was involved in attempts to relocate ivory - billed woodpeckers in the southeastern u . s . , after a number of sightings in arkansas beginning in 2004 . read more about the search for the ivory - billed woodpecker .
cornell and others have made fools of themselves with the proclamation that ivory billed woodpeckers still exist .
the ivory - billed woodpecker recently went from near total obscurity to superstardom when birders reported a sighting of the believed - to - be - extinct species .
u . s . fish and wildlife service , ecos - environmental conservation online system . ( 2018 ) . ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) .
cornell lab of ornithology , 2005 .
rediscovering the ivory - billed woodpecker
( on - line ) . accessed may 11 , 2005 at urltoken .
for more than 60 years , scientists thought the ivory - billed woodpecker was extinct . now new evidence suggests it is alive and well and living in arkansas
if searchers can find even a pair of these birds , scientists might be able to save the ivory - billed woodpecker for future generations , he says .
the little - known status and distribution of the ivory - billed woodpecker by strix nebulosa ( g . stuart keith ) . the auklet ( 1983 ) .
the us fish & wildlife service has published a draft recovery plan for the ivory - billed woodpecker . furthermore , the organization seeks public review and comment :
the wingbeat rate of ivory - billed woodpecker is entirely unknown ( we can’t even be sure the single audio recording is a bird in flight ) , and everything that is known about wingbeats suggests that the heavier species ( ivory - billed woodpecker ) would have a slower wingbeat , not faster . if ivory - billed woodpecker flapped faster than pileated i think that would be just as surprising as rediscovering the species ( although less momentous , of course ) . the idea that ivory - billed woodpecker had a fast wingbeat seems to have become “common knowledge” , but that is still unknown . there’s just no solid evidence for it .
the methods of science are clear . scientific progress is made on the basis of data that are unequivocal to other scientists . did i see an ivory - billed woodpecker along the noxubee river in mississippi in 1973 ? did i hear an ivory - billed woodpecker near vicksburg in 1987 ? were those ivory - bills i heard and saw in cuba in 1988 ? did david kulivan see ivory - billed woodpeckers in the pearl river swamp in 1999 ? did ivory - billed woodpeckers make the loud “bams” heard by searchers there ? did ivory - bills scale the trees that the team photographed ? perhaps . perhaps not .
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neither you nor anyone else can produce any real evidence to prove that ivory billed woodpeckers still exist .
history of the ivorybill the ivory - billed woodpecker’s primary habitat is the virgin forests of southeastern united states , but has been spotted as far b . . .
for more detailed information on the species , please see the ivory - billed woodpecker by james t . tanner , 1942 , national audubon society or visit urltoken .
the cornell lab of ornithology . ( n . d . ) . ivory - billed woodpecker . retrieved july 21 , 2011 , from all about birds : urltoken
but skepticism is growing . some experts say the video doesn ' t show an ivory - billed woodpecker at all , but a common cousin of the bird .
a draft recovery plan outlining habitat needs and future conservation efforts aimed at preventing the extinction of the ivory - billed woodpecker was made available for public comment today .
on january 20 , 2006 , ornithologist john fitzpatrick of cornell university and biologist jerome jackson of florida gulf coast university answered questions about the ivory - billed woodpecker .
but finding the ivory - billed woodpecker still alive after all these years would also be akin to finding a long - lost legend , says 85 - year - old nancy tanner of knoxville , tenn . , the widow of james t . tanner , one of the world ' s experts on the ivory - billed woodpecker .
the “ivory” bill the “ivory” of the ivory - billed woodpecker is a keratin sheath over the bill of bone . the broad bill continues to grow from the ivory - bill’s thick - boned skull throughout its life ( potentially , up to 30 years ) and is worn down by rigorous pounding on trees .
collinson , j . m . 2007 . video analysis of the escape flight of pileated woodpecker dryocopus pileatus : does the ivory - billed woodpecker campephilus principalis persist in continental north america ? bmc biology 2007 : 5 - 8 .
first step in the wake of the ivory - billed woodpecker rediscovery , a plea for conservation of the world’s other declining species . by george fenwick , august 2005 .
it has been almost three years since a research team , led by cornell university and the nature conservancy , announced the rediscovery of the ivory - billed woodpecker in the big woods – a 550 , 000 - acre tract of bottomland hardwood forest . researchers have also reported spotting an ivory - billed woodpecker in a northwest florida swamp .
for those not acquainted with the ivory - billed swami , i will give you a bit of history .
in addition , kulivan described the ivory - billed woodpecker ' s call , which experts say sounds almost like a child ' s tin horn . he said it didn ' t sound anything like the call of the pileated woodpecker .
“as urltoken exposed in february 2006 , alleged sightings of the ivory - billed woodpecker are just a trick to keep land from being developed , ” milloy said on junkscience .
edwin m . hasbrouck . the present status of the ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) . auk 8 : 174 - 186 ( 1891 ) ( pdf ) .
e . w . nelson . the imperial ivory - billed woodpecker , campephilus imperialis ( gould ) . auk 15 : 217 - 223 ( 1898 ) ( pdf ) .
the lifespan of ivory - billed woodpeckers is unknown . some speculate that they could live 20 years or more .
no one has ever recorded predation on ivory - billed woodpeckers , except for that by humans . potential predators include
john james audubon’s hand - colored engraving of ivory - billed woodpeckers was created for his book birds of america .
in our june 2002 issue , woodpecker expert jerome a . jackson wrote about attempts to find ivory - billed woodpeckers - - and what it would mean if the birds were found
don ware , bird count coordinator for the choctawhatchee audubon society talks about the ivory - billed woodpecker habitat to birding enthusiasts jan . 15 , 2011 . lori ceier / walton outdoors
now if they offered the 28 million for proof of the ivory billed woodpecker , i think we would get an answer real quick as to whether or not the bird exists .
former cornell university scientist james tanner once suggested that
all ivory - bill records have been located in or very near swamps or florida hammocks .
however , most of tanner ' s intensive field studies were done in bottomland forests and this may have influenced his perception of an ideal ivory - billed woodpecker habitat . the salient feature of ivory - billed woodpecker habitat appears to be old - growth forest . most historical ivory - billed woodpecker habitat in florida can be characterized as river swamp , although still water swamps , particularly cypress swamps and cypress strands , were a significant component .
the ivory - billed woodpecker inhabits cypress swamps and mature bottomland forest ( the cornell lab of ornithology 2011 ) . it can be found from the ohio river valley , west to texas , and east to florida ( alsop 2002 ) . the last reported sighting of the ivory - billed woodpecker was in 2004 in arkansas ; however , a confirmed sighting has not occurred since 1944 . historically , ivory - billed woodpeckers were found throughout florida ( stevenson and anderson 1994 ) .
19 . tanner j . t . 1941 . three years with the ivory - billed woodpecker , america ' s rarest bird . audubon . 43 : 5–14 . find this article online
prior to the 2004 discovery of the ivory - billed woodpecker at cache river national wildlife refuge in arkansas , this was the last authenticated sighting of the bird in the united states .
an artist ' s image of an ivory - billed woodpecker . the bird is thought by some to have gone extinct more than 60 years ago . john a . ruthven hide caption
on three occasions , members of the search team heard series of loud double - raps , possibly the ivory - billed woodpecker ' s display drumming . on feb . 14 , 2005 , casey taylor of the cornell lab of ornithology heard the drumming for 30 minutes , then watched as an ivory - billed woodpecker , being mobbed by crows , flew into view .
jackson , j . a . 2006 . ivory - billed woodpecker campephilus principalis : hope and the interfaces of science , conservation and politics . the auk 123 : 1 - 15 .
remsen was used to hearing reports from people who thought they had seen this woodpecker . but most people who reported the bird had in fact seen another very large woodpecker , called a pileated woodpecker .
to date ( november 2009 ) there is still no verifiable evidence that ivory - billed woodpeckers survive in the us .
show me where anyone has proven wrong multiple times the claims that ivory billed woodpeckers have been extinct since the 1940s .
the ivory - billed woodpecker - one of the largest woodpeckers in the world – saw its numbers dwindle in the late 19 th century due to widespread deforestation from the southeast’s burgeoning logging industry as well as hunting . by 1938 , an estimated 20 woodpeckers remained in the wild and six years later the last known ivory - billed woodpecker , a female , was gone .
attorney mason d . spencer and a state legislator from tallulah , louisiana shot an ivory - billed woodpecker in singer tract swamp forests in 1932 to prove to the state wildlife officials the ivory - billed existed in the area . for 3 years back in 1937 cornell ornithologist james tanner collected information on the species and was able to monitor one of the nests ; producing the first motion picture and sound recordings of the ivory - billed woodpecker . james tanner in 1939 was able to estimate that only 22 of the ivory - billed woodpeckers were left in the united states . the national audubon society launched a campaign to preserve the singer tract as a wildlife refuge for the woodpecker .
alistair gammell , international director of the royal society for the protection of birds , said the confirmed sightings of the ivory - billed woodpecker would be celebrated by bird lovers around the world .
the hunt is on for the ivory - billed woodpecker , a treasured bird that appears to have disappeared from the old - growth forests of the southeastern united states some 50 years ago .
nemesio , a . ; jackson , j . a . ; rodrigues , m . 2005 . ivory - billed woodpecker supposed rediscovery : science or politics ? atualidades ornitológicas 128 : 26 .
you can prove me wrong real easily . just produce any verifiable , confirm - able evidence that even one ivory billed woodpecker still lives . go ahead . let ' s see it .
update 25 august 2005 . the issue of north american birds that arrived today , volume 59 number 2 , includes a superb ivory - billed woodpecker special section , although it supports the hoax . the lead article is k . v . rosenberg , r . w . rohrbaugh & m . lammertink , an overview of ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) sightings in eastern arkansas in 2004 - 2005 ( pages 198 - 206 ) . it includes details of the pileated woodpecker misidentifications along the cache river , referenced on a map , as well as photos of a pair of ivory - billed woodpecker decoys carved by gene sparling .
the largest woodpecker in north america , the ivory - billed woodpecker is known through lore as a bird of beauty and indomitable spirit . the species vanished after extensive clearing destroyed millions of acres of virgin forest throughout the south between the 1880s and mid - 1940s .
' ' these guys are experts ,
says brown . although skeptics say the so - called ivory - billed woodpecker was actually the more common pileated woodpecker , brown disagrees . ' ' they ' ve probably seen 5 , 000 pileated woodpeckers . when they saw
in 1893 , johannes gundlach published an accounting of the ivory - billed woodpecker in a two - volume ornitologia cubana , in cuba . by 1898 , at the end of the spanish - american war , the us took control of land and economy in cuba , much of cuba’s forests were cleared for sugar cane ; the ivory - billed woodpecker moves deeper into the forests of cuba .
steve sheridan , a graphic artist in lexington , kentucky , says that he did see an ivory - billed woodpecker in the region , and created the photo to encourage conservation of the area .
it’s been 73 years since the last clear portrait of an ivory - billed woodpecker came out of louisiana—and according to michael collins , it could be decades more until another similar image is captured .
in united states , it is the largest bird in the woodpecker’s family . adult ivory - billed woodpeckers grow to a length of about 48 to 53 cm ( 19 to 21 in ) .
this is from the smoky mountain news edition on jan . 30 , 2002 , as zeiss optics was mounting a search for the ivory - billed woodpecker in the pearl river bottoms of louisiana :
john w . fitzpatrick et al . ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) persists in continental north america . science express ( pdf ) . it should be called fitzpatrick ' s folly .
nemesio , a . ; rodrigues , m . 2005 . the rediscovery of the ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) : where is the scientific method ? atualidades ornitológicas 125 : 14 .
. there is a report of a pair of ivory - billed woodpeckers chasing a cooper ' s hawk away from their nest while scolding it , and another report of a female ivory - billed woodpecker giving a warning call and flying closer to her fledgling when a red - shouldered hawk appeared in the area . there are also reports of ivory - billed woodpeckers rapidly switching to the other side of trees when birds of prey materialized nearby .
ivory - billed woodpeckers are predators of insects , but it is doubtful they have a huge impact on insect populations as their numbers are so low . because they eat fruits and seeds , it is possible that ivory - billed woodpeckers disperse seeds .
update : j . martin collinson . video analysis of the escape flight of pileated woodpecker dryocopus pileatus : does the ivory - billed woodpecker campephilus principalis persist in continental north america ? bmc biology 2007 , 5 : 8 doi : 10 . 1186 / 1741 - 700 - 5 - 8 .
the identification of the bird filmed in arkansas in april 2004 as an ivory - billed woodpecker is best regarded as unsafe . the similarities between the arkansas bird and known pileated woodpeckers suggest that it was most likely a pileated woodpecker .
if thousands of people can be shown a few seconds of blurry video of a pileated woodpecker and be convinced that it ' s an ivory - billed woodpecker , then the sky ' s the limit .
steve n . g . howell ( source ) .
ivory - billed woodpeckers have shiny blue - black plumage with some white markings on it . unlike young , adults show strong and straight ivory - colored bill with a unique crest .
u . s . fish & wildlife service . ( n . d . ) . ivory - billed woodpecker campephilus principalis . retrieved july 21 , 2011 , from south florida ecological services office : urltoken
jackson , j . 2002 .
ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis )
( on - line ) . the birds of north america online . accessed may 09 , 2005 at urltoken .
no more hope for the [ cuban ] ivory - billed woodpecker . by martjan lammertink . cotinga 3 , february 1995 . the cuba expeditions in the 1980s included only one skilled birder , ted parker , who neither heard nor saw nor observed any recent signs of cuban ivory - billed woodpecker in 1988 . thus claimed sightings by other members of the expeditions , all unverified , should be disregarded .
michaels , m . 2015 . ivory - billed woodpecker sightings and evidence 1944 - 2003 : the partially hidden history . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 22 / 06 / 2015 ) .
it was stupidity that made them extinct and it is stupidity to ignore the still living endangered creatures and plants that need our help now to keep them from ending up like the ivory billed woodpecker .
that may be what the ivory - billed woodpecker did for 60 years , until kayaker gene sparling happened upon it along bayou de view , about 70 miles north of here , in february 2004 .
louis bevier ' s ivory - bill debate website explains in detail why the luneau video shows a pileated woodpecker . case closed .
recently , researchers discovered a new species of feather mite on museum skins of ivory - billed woodpeckers . they named the new mite
i have heard that there are ivory - billed woodpeckers in cuba and on the island of hispaniola . could this be true ?
the ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) ranks among the world’s largest woodpecker species . in the north of mexico , it is the largest of the woodpeckers . the bird is native to the woods of southeastern united states . biologists are not clear the exact number of species remaining in the wild as many of them were hunted to near extinction in the past . the international union for the conservation of nature has classified ivory - billed woodpecker as a critically endangered bird .
19 may 2006 : woodpecker sighting a flight of fancy ? scientists said last year they ' d found the long - lost ivory - billed woodpecker . now where is it ? by john crewdson , chicago tribune . this is the only competent newspaper article to date about the ivory - billed woodpecker fiasco . be sure to read it in its entirety , as it contains interesting quotes from bret whitney , louis bevier , jon dunn , and others . here are some excerpts :
there ' s a black patch on the wingtip as it ' s flying away , but it should be all white on an ivory - billed woodpecker ,
sibley said .
the pattern of black and white just doesn ' t match what ivory - billed woodpeckers should show and does match what a pileated shows .
brinkley is a small farming town not far from where the ivory - billed woodpecker recently was rediscovered . news that the bird is not extinct has brought a ray of hope to the residents of brinkley .
collins , m . d . 2011 . putative audio recordings of the ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) . journal of the acoustical society of america 129 ( 3 ) : 1626 - 1630 .
rohrbaugh , r . ; lammertink , m . ; rosenberg , k . v . 2007 . 2006 - 07 ivory - billed woodpecker surveys and equipment loan program . cornell laboratory of ornithology , ithaca .
john fitzpatrick is coleader of the ivory - billed woodpecker search effort in arkansas and has been the director of the cornell lab of ornithology and a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology since 1995 . full bio
it ' s not only skeptics in the ornithological community that say the ivory - billed woodpecker needs to be seen again . the residents of brinkley — some of whom did not know there was more than one kind of woodpecker in their midst — need another sighting , too .
twitchers have been far more skeptical of the latest
rediscovery
than science , the cornell laboratory of ornithology , or the supporting
big green
groups including the national audubon society . they know from experience to distrust incredible reports made by people other than well - established , expert birders - - who never see ivory - billed woodpeckers . they also require indisputable evidence to count a rare bird . furthermore , unlike the ivory - billed woodpecker hucksters , twitchers have no financial interest in promoting an ivory - billed woodpecker
rediscovery
.
in 2007 martin collinson ( website ) independently analyzed the arkansas video , comparing it to video of a known pileated woodpecker in ohio , and concluded that “there are features of the video of the bird in arkansas in 2004 that are inconsistent with ivory - billed woodpecker , and the video is equally , if not more , consistent with pileated woodpecker . ”
the last claimed sighting of an ivory - billed woodpecker was made in 2004 when a team from the cornell lab of ornithology searched a swamp in arkansas . however , their evidence proved to be inconclusive , once again leaving the existence of this magnificent bird in doubt . for that reason , the ivory - billed is often referred to as
the notoriety of the ivory - billed woodpecker has generated interest from both within the ortnithological community and among the public at large . to hear david steadman , the curator of ornithology for the university of florida ' a museum of natural history , discuss the increased interest in birds outside the ornithological community thanks to the ivory - billed , click
michael collins , who works at the stennis space center in southeastern mississippi and has made researching the ivory - billed woodpecker a pet project of his for more than a decade , published his findings in the online journal heliyon . in his study , collins presents evidence - including three video that show birds he believes to be the ivory - billed woodpecker – that he says proves that the elusive bird is not extinct .
agey , h . n . , and g . m . heinzmann . 1971a . the ivory - billed woodpecker found in central florida . fla . nat . 44 ( 3 ) : 46–47 , 64 .
since the first sighting of the ivory - billed woodpecker , this has consumed us . we have dedicated our time and our dreams to protecting and conserving this area . these woods are my church .
the ivory - billed woodpeckers in the southern united states including east texas , southern illinois , cuba , north carolina , and florida .
sightings map historic ranges and reported sightings of ivory - billed woodpeckers since 1944 . by birdwatching magazine , august 2005 , february 2015 .
the video shows white tipped with black , exactly what we reproduced with a model ivory - billed wing ,
fitzpatrick said .
many people and so - called experts have claimed that sounds , either heard or recorded , prove the existence of ivory billed woodpeckers .
the ivory - billed woodpecker’s primary habitat is the virgin forests of southeastern united states , but has been spotted as far back as 1820 when naturalist john james audubon and his apprentices joseph mason shot and collected ivory - billed woodpeckers along the ohio , arkansas and mississippi rivers . it was not until 1837 that john audubon in texas , and discovered many ivory - bill woodpeckers along the buffalo bayou in texas . but in the 1870’s the laws put in place to protect the ivory - billed woodpeckers throughout the southern forests in the united states were removed , and the habitat of the ivory - billed woodpecker was clear cut by timber companies . in the 1890’s collectors began collecting specimens of the rare bird declining their population further making the bird more obscure .
i want the ivory billed woodpecker to exist and thrive , but i ' m a realist and i know that wanting doesn ' t mean squat . even if i had seen a hundred ivory billed woodpeckers i wouldn ' t expect anyone to believe me unless i had very convincing proof and could show them at least one real , living bird .
the fact that kulivan had been in the pearl river wildlife management area also added credibility to the report , says jerome jackson , an ornithologist and expert on the ivory - billed woodpecker at florida gulf coast university .
tim gallagher . the grail bird : hot on the trail of the ivory - billed woodpecker . houghton mifflin 2005 . the book that launched the latest ivorybill hoax . us | uk | de | fr | ca
old friend found eyewitness accounts of sightings of ivory - billed woodpeckers from the cache river , arkansas . by chris niskanen , august 2005 .
the ivory - billed woodpecker sighting in arkansas in 2004 electrified the conservation community and set off an everybody - and - anybody search of bottomlands throughout the country where sightings of the birds have been reported over the years .
it might well be a chimera , a pursuit of something no more substantial than a mirage . the ivory - billed is so similar to the relatively common pileated woodpecker that even the arkansas sighting leaves some experts skeptical .
but he said , the accumulated evidence of sightings , sound recordings and the tape are enough to show that at least one ivory - billed woodpecker was in the cache river national wildlife refuge in the winter of 2004 .
snyder , n . f . r . 2007 . an alternative hypothesis for the cause of the ivory - billed woodpecker ' s decline . monographs in systematic botany from the missouri botanical garden 2 : 1 - 58 .
no one , and i do mean no one has any evidence whatsoever that an ivory billed woodpecker still exists . all the alleged sightings are just that ; alleged . they are not confirmed or proven in any way .
jerome a . jackson is whitaker eminent scholar in science at florida gulf coast university and an expert on the ivory - bill . he served with ornithologists lester short and james tanner on an ivory - billed woodpecker advisory committee appointed by the u . s . fish and wildlife service in 1986 . he has searched for the woodpecker throughout the southeastern united states and , during a five - week expedition in 1988 , in cuba . he was also on the official planning team for the recent search in louisiana . he also has a book , in search of the ivory - billed woodpecker .
when kellogg arrived , he and the crew produced the first motion pictures and sound recordings ever made of the ivory - billed woodpecker . tape recorders had not yet been invented so kellogg recorded bird sounds using the movietone system .
there is no credible evidence that the north american subspecies of ivory - billed woodpecker campephilus principalis survived after the demise of the singer tract birds in the 1940s after the last substantial patch of old - growth habitat was destroyed .
the team moves on and sets the second device along a bluff of newly deadfall trees said to be favored by the ivory - billed .
knock knock ,
the joke goes .
oh , don’t answer that . it’s just another ivory - billed woodpecker .
as they work , a pileated lets out a call like a raucous laugh . lammertink smiles .
researchers think one , maybe two , ivory - billed woodpeckers may be living in these woods , an area three - quarters the size of rhode island . in it are 270 other bird species , including eight other woodpeckers . and one of those — the pileated woodpecker — looks so much like the ivory - billed that only an experienced birder can tell them apart .
from 1937 to 1939 , james tanner , a young doctoral student at cornell university , researched the ivory - billed woodpeckers of the singer tract .
ivory - billed woodpeckers are thought to rely on wood - boring beetles , fruits , insects , seeds , and larvae of other small insects .
it ' s the * ivory billed woodpeckers still exist * proponents who have no solid arguments and have no evidence . no evidence at all .
> > show me where anyone has proven wrong multiple times the claims that ivory billed woodpeckers have been extinct since the 1940s . < < <
although the above statement applies to everyone who claims that ivory billed woodpeckers still exist , the wording should be changed to no pertinent field data .
for them , the ivory - billed woodpecker represents not just one bird , but the majestic forests and the birds and other creatures that lived there  an entire ecosystem that has been largely destroyed by the sprawl of modern life .
the latest ivory - billed woodpecker episode is over . it isn ' t there now , and it wasn ' t there in 2004 , 2005 or 2006 . we ' ve been fooled , but not everybody is staying fooled .
our interpretation is reasonable and consistent with a pileated woodpecker ,
sibley told livescience .
you can ' t rule pileated out , and therefore you can ' t say that it ' s an ivory - billed .
hill , g . e . 2008 . book review : an alternative hypothesis for the cause of the ivory - billed woodpecker ' s decline , by noel f . snyder . condor 110 ( 4 ) : 808 - 810 .
17 march 2006 : comment on the fitzpatrick article by david a . sibley , louis r . bevier , michael a . patten & chris s . elphick . science vol . 311 no . 5767 p . 1555 .
we reanalyzed video presented as confirmation that an ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) persists in arkansas ( fitzpatrick et al . , reports , 3 june 2005 , p . 1460 ) . none of the features described as diagnostic of the ivory - billed woodpecker eliminate a normal pileated woodpecker ( dryocopus pileatus ) .
food source of the ivory - billed woodpecker : beetle larvae are the primary food source for ivory - bills , which are often the first woodpeckers on dying trees searching for these larvae . when beetle larvae bore through the bark to feed on the sap wood beneath , ivory - bills use their elongated beaks to pry bark from the trees and expose the larvae .
in 2004 , david luneau of the university of arkansas caught a woodpecker on video in the big woods of arkansas . analysis of the tape by luneau , john fitzpatrick of cornell university , and other researchers indicated that the bird was an ivory - billed woodpecker , and they published their finding in june of 2005 .
while kayaking in the cache river national wildlife refuge on feb . 11 , 2004 , gene sparling of hot springs , ark . , saw an unusually large , red - crested woodpecker fly toward him and land on a nearby tree . he noticed several field marks suggesting the bird was an ivory - billed woodpecker .
agey , h . n . , and g . m . heinzmann . 1971b . ivory - billed woodpeckers in florida . birding 3 : 43 .
what you can say , though , is that we produced images much more consistent with ivory - billed than with pileated ,
fitzpatrick said .
fitzpatrick says his team has studied numerous videos of pileated woodpeckers and even built models of ivory - billed and pileated woodpeckers and filmed them , too .
fitzpatrick , j . w . , et al . 2006 . response to comment on “ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) persists in continental north america” . science . 17 march 2006 : vol . 311 : p . 1556 .
however , with regards to identifying the bird in luneau’s video , there is widespread , strongly held agreement that the flying bird does not look anything like a pileated woodpecker . logically , is not the bird then an ivory - billed ?
your arrogance won ' t produce an ivory billed woodpecker and in the end you ' ll all look even more foolish than you do now . it ' s people like you who ruin scientific integrity . fairy tales are not science .
the ivory - billed woodpecker was known from the southeastern united states and cuba . logging , mining , plantations and other forms of exploitation have swept away the once extensive tracts of pristine forest that were home to this woodpecker . logging of the mature forests that form its habitat was probably the major cause of the disappearance of this species ( 2 ) . although incredible recent discoveries have provided new hope for both the u . s . and cuban subspecies , previously considered extinct , the ivory - billed woodpecker is nevertheless clinging on to an extremely precarious existence .
the woodpecker’s nest is 12–14 cm tall with the width measuring up to 10 cm .
because they share many similarities , some have suggested that ivory - billed woodpeckers compete with pileated woodpeckers for food and prime cavity sites . competition between the two species may have intensified after forests were logged , with pileated woodpeckers , which adapt much more readily to human disturbance , being more successful . however , interactions between ivory - billed woodpeckers and other woodpecker species have never been directly studied .
“the sound ( even though it too was ambiguous … ) helps cross a decision threshold – that ivory - billed is likely , that the white really did seem to be on the trailing edge of the wings , and that the bird that just flew away must have been an ivory - billed . ”
after at least one male ivory - billed woodpecker was discovered in arkansas , dr . geoffrey hill , head ornithologist at auburn university , assigned his graduate students to search historical ibwo habitat in the florida panhandle . he came down with them to the choctawhatchee river , and he reported seeing an ivory - billed woodpecker on his first day in the river . since i was a board member of the alabama ornithological society , i knew that dr . hill knew the differences between the ivorybill and the still thriving , nearly as large , pileated woodpecker . i trusted his identification .
truth is out there jerome a . jackson assesses david kulivan’s 1999 report of ivory - billed woodpeckers in the pearl river swamp , louisiana . june 2002 .
it astounds me that so many people are so easily duped into believing that someone ' s word can be trusted when it comes to ivory billed woodpeckers .
no one wants ivory billed woodpeckers to still exist more than i do but wishful thinking and wasting millions of dollars will not make them rise from extinction .
the world ' s third largest woodpecker was condemned to oblivion some 50 years ago , but in april 2005 , a stunning video emerged from a vast arkansas swamp forest . the tape appeared to show a live ivory - billed woodpecker—and captured the attention of the world . it was hailed as the birding equivalent of finding elvis alive .
16 . rosenberg k . v . , r . w . rohrbaugh , m . lammertink . 2005 . an overview of ivory - billed woodpecker ( campephilus principalis ) sightings in eastern arkansas in 2004–2005 . north american birds . 59 : 198–206 .
other sighting reports continue to meet with scepticism from experts . last december , an indiana physician named gary erdy told illinois officials he had a new photograph of an ivory - billed woodpecker from the same area . they later revoked his search permit .
mironov , s . , j . dabert , r . ehrnsberger . 2005 . a new species of the feather mite genus pterotrogus gaud ( analgoidea : pteronyssidae ) from the ivory - billed woodpecker campephilus principalis l . ( aves : piciformes ) .
banfield waded waist - deep in an arkansas swamp trying to track down an ivory - billed woodpecker spotted in a disputed sighting in 2004 . he lives to snap the shutter on an image that proves indisputably that the mythic bird is still alive .
 about the book  about the author  a conversation with tim gallagher  in pursuit of the ivory - billed woodpecker . . . through the centuries  download book jacket  download author photo printer - friendly version e - mail a friend
two groups of scientists studying museum specimens and sightings of the ivory - billed woodpecker have reached the same disappointing conclusion : the iconic bird is extinct . each team described their findings in papers in the february 2012 issue of the journal conservation biology .
i understand why cornell can never refute their earlier findings but it is disheartening to see so many respondents on this page ( and elsewhere ) continuing to argue that the luneau woodpecker is an ivory - billed despite all the evidence to the contrary .
sibley , d . a . ; bevier , l . r . ; patten , m . a . ; elphick , c . s . 2007 . ivory - billed or pileated woodpecker ? science 315 ( 5818 ) : 1496 - 1497 .
perhaps most convincing for researchers is the habitat in this refuge . unlike the cypress and tupelo swamps where the bird was first seen , the trees here match the descriptions in the only published study on the ivory - billed woodpecker from the 1930s .
rohrbaugh and others have continued to publish 5 – 7 on the likelihood of the woodpecker ' s existence . one study concluded that if there was just one surviving ivory - billed woodpecker in the area of arkansas searched , the team had a 12 % chance of finding it . the fws recovery plan is meant to consider such estimates .
the existence of the ivory - billed woodpecker has been a disputed subject for many years . thought to be on the brink of extinction since the 1940s , there has not been a documented sighting since 2005 . however , the largest woodpecker in north america has been the quest of many a birder both on an amateur and academic level .
at this point i think the best way to try to save the ivory - billed woodpecker is to make sure the area where the bird was taped never loses any more of the habitat . it doesn’t seem , so far , that exploring this swamp has helped in the efforts to locate any other individuals . it may be that the bird in the video is the last ivory - billed woodpecker to exist . anyway , only time will tell . leave the swamp alone and see what happens .
prominent ornithologists across the u . s . don’t dismiss collins’ claims that he has spotted the ivory - billed woodpecker , but say that more concrete evidence needs to be obtained before a definitive answer to whether or not this species still exists is given .
the apalachicola and chipola swamps , the aucilla and wacissa rivers , and the lower suwannee river watershed may be the three most significant areas of potential ivory - billed woodpecker habitat remaining in florida because of the extensive tracts of bottomland forest that remain there .
the ivory - billed woodpecker is an imposing bird . it is nearly two feet long from beak to tail with a wingspan of two and a half feet . its ivory bill is about three inches long and its feathers are a stunning jet black and brilliant white - with a delicate red crest on the head of males .
an example of a species with a high false detectability is the ivory - billed woodpecker . after 2006 , when the us fish and wildlife service offered $ 10 , 000 for information leading to an ivory - billed woodpecker’s nest , it was ‘observed’ 14 times and audio recorded 300 times . nonetheless , the reward remained uncollected ( newton 2009 ) . lee , t . e . ( 2014 ) , a simple numerical tool to infer whether a species is extinct . methods ecol evol , 5 : 791–796 .
cuba : ivory - billed woodpecker populations declined sharply in the late 19th century , when acres of old - growth forest were cleared to make way for sugar plantations . later harvesting of forests for timber exacerbated the decline . by the 1950s , ivory - billed woodpeckers were restricted to a remote area in the eastern part of the country , in what was then the oriente province ( now santiago de cuba ) . management plans were adopted that involved educating the public about the birds ' plight and setting aside preserves protected by wardens . ivory - billed woodpeckers managed to persist in eastern cuba until at least 1987 . however , the last unconfirmed sighting occurred in northeastern cuba in 1991 , and ivory - billed woodpeckers are now presumed extirpated in cuba .


diapterus is a genus of fish in the family gerreidae , the mojarras .

they are native to the atlantic and pacific coasts of the americas .

diapterus

you selected diapterus olisthostomus ( goode & bean , 1882 ) . this is a synonym for :
the striped mojarra , diapterus plumieri . illustration by diana rome peebles 1998 . courtesy of florida fish and wildlife conservation commission , division of marine fisheries .
[ size structure , gonadic development and diet of the fish diapterus rhombeus ( gerreidae ) in the pom - atasta fluvial - deltaic system , campeche , mexico ] .
[ size structure , gonadic development and diet of the fish diapterus rhombeus ( gerreidae ) in the pom - atasta fluvial - deltaic system , campeche , mexico ] . - pubmed - ncbi
gonzález - acosta , a . f . , p . béarez , n . álvarez - pliego , j . de la cruz - agüero and j . l . castro - aguirre , 2007 . on the taxonomic status of diapterus peruvianus ( cuvier , 1830 ) and reinstatement of diapterus brevirostris ( sauvage , 1879 ) ( teleostei : gerreidae ) . cybium 31 ( 3 ) : 369 - 377 . ( ref . 75986 )
( of diapterus evermanni meek & hildebrand , 1925 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
diapterus rhombeus is of minor commercial importance to fisheries . it is marketed fresh , but is not highly esteemed ( randall and vergara 1978 ) . it is caught with beach and boat seines and may be found in local artisanal fisheries .
( of diapterus olisthostomus ( goode & bean , 1882 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
diapterus auratus is of minor commercial importance to the fisheries industry and is usually consumed fresh ( cervigón et al . 1992 ) . it is taken as bycatch in the shrimp trawl fishery in mexico ( m . vega - cendejas pers . comm . 2014 ) .
diapterus rhombeus is distributed in the western atlantic from southeast florida into the gulf of mexico from mulberry island , louisiana along the northern yucatan to northwestern cuba ( at least one record off sanibel , florida ) , throughout the caribbean sea except for the cayman islands , and along the central and south american coast from quintana roo , mexico to santa catarina , brazil ( mceachran and fechhelm 2005 , r . robertson pers . comm . 2014 ) .
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greek , di = two + greek , pteron = wing , fin ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; brackish ; demersal ; depth range 9 - 70 m ( ref . 9626 ) . tropical ; 35°n - 30°s , 97°w - 32°w
western atlantic : southern gulf of mexico , central america and the antilles to brazil ( ref . 9626 ) .
maturity : l m ? , range 13 - ? cm max length : 40 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3722 ) ; common length : 30 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 3722 )
common in mangrove - lined lagoons ; also found over shallow mud and sand grounds in marine areas . juveniles common in hypersaline lagoons and in brackish water ( ref . 5217 ) . probably feeds on small benthic invertebrates . marketed fresh but not highly esteemed . minimum depth from ref . 26912 .
randall , j . e . and r . vergara r . , 1978 . gerreidae . in w . fischer ( ed . ) fao species identification sheets for fishery purposes . western central atlantic ( fishing area 31 ) . vol . 2 . pag . var . ( ref . 3722 )
) : 23 . 5 - 28 , mean 26 . 5 ( based on 288 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5625 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01230 ( 0 . 01011 - 0 . 01497 ) , b = 3 . 03 ( 2 . 97 - 3 . 09 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 0 ±0 . 2 se ; based on diet studies .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 18 of 100 ) .
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marine ; brackish ; demersal . tropical ; 37°n - 24°s , 98°w - 33°w
western atlantic : usa ( florida and north carolina ) and greater antilles to são paulo , brazil ( ref . 57756 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 34 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 9626 ) ; common length : 20 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5217 ) ; max . published weight : 680 . 00 g ( ref . 40637 )
inhabits shallow coastal waters , especially in mangrove - lined creeks and lagoons , but also found on vegetated sand grounds in typical marine areas . young more widespread than adults . feeds on bottom - dwelling invertebrates . consumed fresh .
cervigón , f . , r . cipriani , w . fischer , l . garibaldi , m . hendrickx , a . j . lemus , r . márquez , j . m . poutiers , g . robaina and b . rodriguez , 1992 . fichas fao de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca . guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de sur américa . fao , rome . 513 p . preparado con el financiamento de la comisión de comunidades europeas y de norad . ( ref . 5217 )
) : 23 . 8 - 28 , mean 26 . 7 ( based on 342 cells ) .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01175 ( 0 . 00949 - 0 . 01454 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 3 . 03 - 3 . 15 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 2 . 4 ±0 . 9 se ; based on diet studies .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 26 of 100 ) .
marine ; demersal ; depth range 1 - 30 m . tropical ; 32°n - 13°s , 114°w - 75°w
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 30 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 55763 ) ; common length : 15 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 55763 )
body diamond - shaped , compressed , and deep ( depth contained 1 . 9 to 2 . 0 times in standard length ) ; predorsal profile very compressed ; mouth strongly protractile ; preopercular border serrate ; dorsal fin not notched to its base ; second anal spine long and stout ; body silver or gold with blue iridescent highlights ; pelvic and anal fins yellow with dark rays ( ref . 55763 ) .
common in coastal waters . juveniles inhabit lagoons of mangrove areas and tidal streams ; adults are found over soft bottoms of deeper waters . may enter brackish waters ( ref . 37955 ) . feeds on benthic invertebrates and fishes . its flesh is considered of good quality ( ref . 9303 ) . depth range assumed ( rf ) .
) : 21 - 28 . 5 , mean 25 . 9 ( based on 54 cells ) .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01288 ( 0 . 00756 - 0 . 02194 ) , b = 3 . 09 ( 2 . 95 - 3 . 23 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & ( sub ) family - body ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 7 ±0 . 2 se ; based on diet studies .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 24 of 100 ) .
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this widely distributed species is common and locally abundant in the french antilles and off brazil where it occurs in shallow coastal mangroves , lagoons and streams . it is generally rare in the northern portion of its range . potential threats include habitat loss due to rapid urbanization / coastal development and pollution due to artisanal and commercial fisheries ( debris ) , however , these are not considered to be major overall threats . therefore , it is listed as least concern .
these species is considered rare in the northern portion of its range . in a study conducted between 2002 - 2009 in manche - a - eau , a small lagoon in the archipelagos of guadeloupe ( french antilles ) , it was one of the six dominant species collected ( bouchereau et al . 2012 ) . it is also a dominant species in the sepetiba bay mudflats off southeastern brazil ( rio de janeiro state ) ( pessanha and araújo 2013 ) .
there are no known major threats . its habitat is experiencing environmental changes , including an increase of marine influence , increased turbidity , and global decrease of depth . such changes are thought to be attributed to rapid urbanization ( villeger et al . 2010 ) . it may also be threatened by pollution due to artisanal and commercial fisheries that deposit a variety of plastic marine debris , some of which can be easily ingested by fish ( ramos et al . 2012 ) .
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chao , l . , espinosa - perez , h . , mceachran , j . d . , vega - cendejas , m . , jelks , h . & collette , b .
justification : this widely distributed species is locally abundant where it occurs in shallow coastal waters within vegetated lagoons and mangroves . it may be overexploited off colombia and freshwater pollution / flow alteration impacts its habitat in many parts of its range . there are no species - specific conservation measures in place , but there are several management and restoration projects focused on coastal habitats . therefore , it is listed as least concern .
this species is distributed in the western atlantic from east florida south along the u . s . coast , in the gulf of mexico from the florida keys to st . petersburg , florida and from mulberry island , louisiana along the northern yucatan to northwestern cuba , and in the caribbean from cuba to st . croix ( except the cayman islands ) and along the central and south american coast from quintana roo , mexico to são paulo , brazil ( floeter
2011 ) . it has also been recorded off dominica in the lesser antilles ( r . robertson pers . comm . 2014 ) . it is considered a vagrant where it occurs north of florida in the atlantic . its depth range is zero to 10 m .
belize ; brazil ; colombia ; costa rica ; cuba ; dominica ; dominican republic ; french guiana ; guatemala ; guyana ; haiti ; honduras ; jamaica ; mexico ; nicaragua ; panama ; puerto rico ; suriname ; trinidad and tobago ; united states ; venezuela , bolivarian republic of ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s .
this demersal species inhabits shallow coastal waters and is a common transient species in mangrove - lined creeks . it is highly associated with lagoons and on vegetated sand grounds . greater numbers are collected from locations with submerged vegetation and at sites further from lagoon inlets with lower salinities ( castillo - rivera
2005 ) . both adults and juveniles are associated with brackish and saltwater lagoons and protected bays and it often enters freshwater rivers and streams ( matheson and gilmore 1995 , paperno and brodie 2004 ) . seasonal fluctuations in monthly mean number of
2005 ) . its diet mainly consists of benthic invertebrates , but also grazes on detritus , algae and cyanobacteria . its maximum size is 34 cm ( mceachran and fechhelm 2005 , lewis and gilmore 2007 ) and the maximum published weight is 680 . 00 g ( igfa 2001 ) .
gulf of mexico north west atlantic western atlantic : usa ( florida and north carolina ) and greater antilles to são paulo , brazil ( ref . 57756 )
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urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c42d7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 3234f3f4 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 324233e2 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32b17158 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
western atlantic : usa ( florida and north carolina ) and greater antilles to so paulo , brazil ( ref . 57756 ) .
froese r . & pauly d . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase ( version feb 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 8b3a8d68 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
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distribution western atlantic : north carolina , usa and greater antilles to bahia , brazil .
distribution western atlantic : north carolina , usa and greater antilles to bahia , brazil . [ details ]
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jones , p . w . , f . d . martin and j . d . hardy , jr . 1978 . development of fishes of the mid - atlantic bight . an atlas of egg , larval and juveniles stages . volume i . acipenseridae through ictaluridae . u . s . fish and wildlife service , biological services program fws / [ details ]
mceachran , j . d . ( 2009 ) . fishes ( vertebrata : pisces ) of the gulf of mexico , pp . 1223–1316 in : felder , d . l . and d . k . camp ( eds . ) , gulf of mexico–origins , waters , and biota . biodiversity . texas a & m ; press , college station , texas . [ details ]
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of gerres olisthostoma goode & bean , 1882 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of gerres olisthostomus goode & bean , 1882 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of eugerres olisthostoma ( goode & bean , 1882 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of moharra evermanni ( meek & hildebrand , 1925 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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universidad autónoma metropolitana - xochimilco , departamento el hombre y su ambiente , calzada del hueso 1100 , col . villa quietud , méxico 04960 , d . f . agla1269 @ urltoken
justification : this species is widespread in the eastern pacific , and is common throughout its range . there are no known major threats to this species , and no current indication of widespread population decline from fishing activities , coastal development , or the loss of mangrove habitat . it is listed as least concern .
this species is endemic to the eastern pacific , and is found from southern baja california and the lower gulf of california , mexico to peru , including the galapagos and revillagigedo islands .
this species is considered abundant and the most common of the gerreids along pacific coasts .
this species is found in sandy bays and estuaries , including the brackish lower parts of streams and mangroves ( flores et al . 1990 ; de la cruz agüero , 1997 ) .
although not currently considered a major threat to widespread population decline , this species an important species for artisanal fisheries ( flores et al . 1990 ) . it is caught with seine nets , gill nets , cast nets , hook - and - line , and purse nets ( de la cruz aguero , 1997 ) . in addition , localized threats include the removal of mangroves and coastal development throughout its distribution .
there are no known conservation measures for this species . however , this species distribution falls partially into a number of marine protected areas in the eastern pacific region ( wdpa 2006 ) .
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copeia ; north miami iss . 1 , ( feb 23 , 2009 ) : 125 - 137 .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


latirus rosadoi is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

latirus rosadoi

fusinus toreuma fusinus tuberosus tuberosus nigrirostratus ( f ) fusinus undatus fusinus undulatus fusinus virginiae fusinus zacae fusolatirus formosior fusolatirus kandai fusolatirus kuroseanus fusolatirus paetelianus fusolatirus rikae granulifusus consimilis granulifusus dondani granulifusus dondani cf . granulifusus hayashii granulifusus kiranus granulifusus niponicus granulifusus rubrolineatus granulifusus staminatus granulifusus vermeiji hemipolygona armatus hemipolygona carinifera carinifera hemipolygona varai latirolagena smaragdula latirus abnormis latirus angulatus latirus balicasagensis latirus beckyae latirus belcheri latirus bernadensis latirus bonnieae latirus concentricus latirus constrictus latirus devyanae latirus deynzerorum latirus discrepans latirus filosus latirus gibbulus latirus infundibulum latirus maculatus latirus maculatus concinnus ( f ) latirus marquesana
species latirus imbricatus g . b . sowerby iii , 1903 accepted as latirus abnormis sowerby iii , 1894
species latirus contemptus a . adams , 1854 accepted as orania ficula ( reeve , 1848 )
have a fact about latirus beckyae ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for latirus beckyae ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
species latirus marshalli finlay , 1924 † accepted as turehua dubia ( p . marshall , 1919 ) †
species latirus burnupi e . a . smith , 1906 accepted as benimakia flavida ( a . adams , 1855 )
species latirus coreanicus ( smith , 1879 ) accepted as fusolatirus coreanicus ( e . a . smith , 1879 )
species latirus dubius p . marshall , 1919 † accepted as turehua dubia ( p . marshall , 1919 ) †
species latirus armatus a . adams , 1855 accepted as hemipolygona armata ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )
species latirus distinctus a . adams , 1855 accepted as hemipolygona distincta ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )
species latirus flavidus a . adams , 1855 accepted as benimakia flavida ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )
species latirus marquesanus a . adams , 1855 accepted as peristernia marquesana ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )
species latirus nagasakiensis e . a . smith , 1880 accepted as turrilatirus nagasakiensis ( e . a . smith , 1880 )
species latirus neglectus a . adams , 1855 accepted as peristernia neglecta ( a . adams , 1855 ) ( original combination )
species latirus bairstowi g . b . sowerby iii , 1886 accepted as dolicholatirus bairstowi ( sowerby iii , 1886 ) ( original combination )
species latirus filosus ( schubert & wagner , 1829 ) accepted as fusinus filosus ( schubert & j . a . wagner , 1829 )
species latirus longirostris p . marshall , 1917 † accepted as microfulgur longirostris ( p . marshall , 1917 ) † ( original combination )
species latirus lugubris ( c . b . adams , 1852 ) accepted as trachypollia lugubris ( c . b . adams , 1852 )
species latirus huttoni suter , 1908 accepted as taron dubius ( hutton , 1878 ) ( unnecessary replacement name for trophon dubius hutton , 1878 . )
species latirus mediamericanus hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 accepted as pustulatirus mediamericanus ( hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 )
species latirus aureocinctus g . b . sowerby iii , 1875 accepted as teralatirus noumeensis ( crosse , 1870 ) accepted as crassicantharus noumeensis ( crosse , 1870 )
species latirus cayohuesonicus g . b . sowerby ii , 1878 accepted as dolicholatirus cayohuesonicus ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1878 ) ( original combination )
species latirus maximus g . b . sowerby iii , 1893 accepted as viridifusus maximus ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1893 ) ( original combination )
species latirus hemphilli hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 accepted as pustulatirus hemphilli ( hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951 ) ( original combination )
species latirus angustus e . a . smith , 1884 accepted as dolicholatirus smithi snyder , 2000 ( invalid : secondary junior homonym of murex angustus gmelin , 1791 ; dolicholatirus smithi is a replacement name )
after more than 2 years of preparations , the diatombase portal is now officially launched . . . .
last week - on may 30 and 31st – 8 thematic experts on talitridae came together for the first time during a lifewatch - worms sponsored workshop . the workshop took place at the hellenic centre for marine research in crete , where it was organized back - to - back with the 8th international sandy beaches symposium ( isbs ) . the group focused on identifying relevant traits for the talitridae , and adding this data through the amphipoda species database . . . .
on 23 april 2018 , a number of editors of the world register of introduced species ( wrims ) started a three day workshop in the flanders marine institute ( vliz ) . these three days were used to evaluate , complete and improve the content of this worms thematic register ( tsd ) . . . .
the 2nd worms early career researchers and 3rd worms achievement award were granted respectively to françois le coze and geoff read . congratulations ! . . .
in 2018 , to celebrate a decade of worms ' existence , it was decided to compile a list of our top marine species , both for 2017 and for the previous decade . . . .
the scleractinian corals are now accessible though their own list portal . this world list contains over 1 500 accepted names of extant species and is one of the most complete existing resources for scleractinian taxa . . .
montfort p . [ denys de ] . ( 1808 - 1810 ) . conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles . paris : schoell . vol . 1 : pp . lxxxvii + 409 [ 1808 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 676 + 16 [ 1810 ( before 28 may ) ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 530 [ details ]
snyder m . a . ( 2003 ) . catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences . of philadelphia , special publication . 21iii + 1–431 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
couto d . , bouchet p . , kantor yu . i . , simone l . r . l . & giribet g . ( 2016 ) . a multilocus molecular phylogeny of fasciolariidae ( neogastropoda : buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 309 - 322 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of lathyrus [ sic ] ) schinz h . r . 1825 . das thierreich eingetheilt nach dem bau der thiere als grundlage ihrer naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden anatomie von dem herrn ritter von cuvier . j . g . cottas , stuttgart and tübingen , pp . i - xiii , 1 - 793 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : vol . 4 , p . 588 [ details ]
( of latyrus carpenter , 1857 ) carpenter p . ( 1857 ) . report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the mollusca of the west coast of north america . report of the british association for the advancement of science , 1856 : 159 - 368 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 282 [ details ]
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
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2013 . fraussen , k . ; rosado , j . ( 2013 ) .
a new zemiropsis thiele , 1929 ( gastropoda : babyloniidae ) from southeastern africa
. gloria maris 52 ( 6 ) : 178 - 183 .
2016 . terryn , yves & josé rosado . two new species of hastulopsis ( gastropoda : terebridae ) from oman and somalia . gloria maris 55 ( 1 ) : 3 - 8
varioconus inesae a . monteiro , c . afonso , m . j . tenorio , j . rosado & d . pirinhas , 2014 angola , namibe prov . , cabo santa marta
note from tom rice : genera used on this page are from the original discription where possible , no genera will be updated to the latest worms info , as this would be an impossible task at hand . thank you for your understanding . - - - in accordance with the gdpr law of may 25 2018 , you can report here a problem / issue / abuse / other . you can also request that yourself will be removed from this list by clicking the button below . report
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