cloud sponge ( aphrocallistes vastus ) is a primitive organism of the order hexactinosida in the class hexactinellida .

it is a deep-water reef-forming animal .

the species was first described by f.e. schulze in 1886 .

cloud sponge

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two readily distinguishable groups of glass sponges exist ; those with a skeleton of spicules loosely held together by tissue [ ( lyssaccine - ' boot ' sponge ) , and those which cement the spicules together into a fused robust scaffolding ( dictyonine - ' cloud sponge ' ) ] .
cloudiness as a climatic feedback mechanism : effects on cloud amounts of prescribed global and regional surface temperature changes n the ncar - gcm .
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included in this section is the topic of glass - sponge reefs , while growth forms , and chimneys are considered elsewhere .
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sponges in this group can settle on the skeletons of previous generations and over time , form giant sponge reefs . though sponge reefs were abundant during the jurassic period ( ~ 200 mya ) they were thought to be extinct until 4 sponge reefs were discovered in hecate strait and queen charlotte sound , british columbia , in the early 1990s . the fact that the primary reef forming hexactinosan sponges are only found in temperate pacific coastal waters might explain the restricted distribution of sponge reefs . but what factors govern the distribution of glass sponges both vertically and geographically ?
cook se ( 2005 ) ecology of the hexactinellid sponge reefs on the western canadian continental shelf . ms dissertation , university of victoria , victoria bc
cook se , burd b , conway kw ( 2008 ) status of the glass sponge reefs in the georgia basin . mar environ res 66 : s80–s86
conway kw , barrie jv , austin wc , luternauer jl ( 1991 ) holocene sponge bioherms on the western british columbia continental shelf . coast shelf res 11 : 771–790
conway kw , barrie jv , krautter m ( 2007 ) complex deep shelf habitat : sponge reefs in the pacific northwest . geol assoc can spec pap 47 : 259–269
conway kw , krautter m , barrie jv , neuweiler m ( 2001 ) hexactinellid sponge reefs on the canadian continental shelf : a unique ‘living fossil’ . geosci can 28 : 71–78
a paper contemporaneous with this one written by a consortium of international scientists provides a detailed list of oceanographic conditions associated with glass - sponge habitats in hecate strait , british columbia .
conway kw , barrie jv , krautter m ( 2005 ) geomorphology of unique reefs on the western canadian shelf : sponge reefs mapped by multibeam bathymetry . geo - mar lett 25 : 205–213
krautter m , conway kw , barrie jv ( 2006 ) recent hexactinosidan sponge reefs ( silicate mounds ) off british columbia , canada : frame - building processes . j paleontol 80 : 38–48
hexactinellid class sponges and the reefs that they form are unique to the pacific northwest , and represent about 600 species of sponges that produce skeletons composed of almost pure glass . who knew that there were so many kinds of sponges ? in howe sound , glass sponges are found incorporated into sponge gardens as colonies of individual cloud sponges ( such as a . vastus , an ancient species of glass sponge found in abundance in howe sound ) . we also find them in bioherms , or vast reefs composed entirely of different species of glass sponges ( such as a . vastus , farrea occa and heterochone calyx ) .
jamieson gs , chew l ( 2002 ) hexactinellid sponge reefs : areas of interest as marine protected areas in the north and central coast areas . can sci adv sec res doc 2002 / 122
krautter m , conway kw , barrie jv , neuweiler m ( 2001 ) discovery of a “living dinosaur” : globally unique modern hexactinellid sponge reefs off british columbia , canada . facies 44 : 265–282
conway kw , barrie jv , krautter m ( 2004 ) modern siliceous sponge reefs in a turbid siliciclastic setting : fraser river delta , british columbia , canada . neues jahrb geol palaeontol 2004 : 335–350
. the reefs in question are several shallow - water ones ( 28 - 35m depth , see map ) in the strait of georgia accessible to some extent by scuba - divers ( see photograph ) and by rovs . interestingly , cloud sponges ( mostly
whitney f , conway k , thomson r , barrie v , krautter m , mungov g ( 2005 ) oceanographic habitat of sponge reefs on the western canadian continental shelf . cont shelf res 25 : 211–226
citation :
cloud sponges , aphrocallistes vastus ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2010 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
) growing directly on rocks ( referred to as “sponge gardens” ) host more newly recruited rockfishes than do the same sponges growing on dead and compacted sponges . the histogram shows data for 3 types of rockfishes , but only the quillback variety is represented by new recruits ; the 2 other species are represented by larger juveniles . the difference between the 2 types of habitats appears to be in more space and food availability in the sponge - garden habitats , where
many of the glass sponge reefs documented in howe sound are on the leeward side of an underwater sill , a shallow section of the seabed , located just north of anvil island . as sediment - rich water heads downstream from the rivers in squamish , it increases in velocity at the crest of the sill , sending the particulates far over the edge of the sill , and giving the leeward section of the sill , with its precious cloud sponge reefs , some shelter from sediment buildup . the waters south of the sill are typically much clearer , since they do not get the bathtub - like effect that water trapped north of the sill is exposed to . however , it is believed that many other howe sound reefs may exist , but they’ve been long buried by sediment buildup over time .
chu , j . w . , & leys , s . p . ( 2010 ) . high resolution mapping of community structure in three glass sponge reefs ( porifera , hexactinellida ) . marine ecology progress series , 417 , 97 - 113 .
multibeam imagery and rov photography / collection surveys show that the area along the british columbia continental shelf is host to 5 large sponge - reef complexes , 2 of which in haida gwaii ( queen charlotte islands ) are hundreds of km 2 in size .
for more information on how you can help protect glass sponge reefs , read up on how cpaws ( canadian parks and wilderness society ) is trying to establish marine protected areas where these reefs are located . also , check out our padi peak performance buoyancy course if you’re looking to improve your skills !
kahn , a . s . , yahel , g . , chu , j . w . , tunnicliffe , v . , & leys , s . p . ( 2015 ) . benthic grazing and carbon sequestration by deep - water glass sponge reefs . limnology and oceanography , 60 ( 1 ) , 78 - 88 .
leys , s . p . , wilson , k . , holeton , c . , reiswig , h . m . , austin , w . c . , & tunnicliffe , v . ( 2004 ) . patterns of glass sponge ( porifera , hexactinellida ) distribution in coastal waters of british columbia , canada . marine ecology progress series , 283 , 133 - 149 .
cloud sponges ( such as aphrocallistes vastus ) are just one species from the unique class of glass sponges ( hexactinellida ) that are a common sight in our chilly bc waters . glass sponges can live between 16 – 650m deep in coastal canadian waters , but but can be found as deep as 3000m worldwide ! glass sponges thrive in conditions with little to almost no light , consistently cold temperatures ( 9 – 10°c ) , and an abundance of silica to repair and grow their fragile skeletal structures .
) . john fisher , danny kent , paul malcolm , conor mccracken and other vancouver aquarium staff assisted with diving . kevin kaufman assisted with graphics . kris moulton created the map . alejandro frid provided manuscript review comments . multibeam surveys undertaken by the canadian hydrographic service , sidney allowed discovery of the deeper water sponge bioherms described in this paper . steve taylor ( pgc ) ably piloted the dfo remotely operated vehicle
such reef complexes are unique , having been identified only in these canadian west - coast areas . the authors note their similarity to extinct mesozoic sponge reefs found in europe and elsewhere , and point out the unique opportunity to study these living reefs to shed light on the morphology and processes of formation of their fossilised counterparts . they also note the fragility and vulnerability of the reefs to the groundfish trawl - fishery industry . the department of fisheries and oceans of canada is currently considering the status of these reefs as potential marine protected areas ( mpas ) .
we don’t know for sure , but they’re thought to be very long - lived animals ( yes , sponges are in fact a part of the animal kingdom , in the phyla ‘porifera’ ) that feed on bacteria and dissolved organic matter . from what we know , the special canals that some sponges use to take in their food can be easily clogged in areas with heavy sediment and particulate matter . our local diving hotspot , howe sound , is a very sediment - rich environment due to organic matter and deposits carried over from the fraser river into the strait of georgia , the rivers flowing into the sound’s north end , and a history of local industrial activity . but we still see lots of cloud sponges at whytecliff , hut island , and boyer island , to name just a few – so how does that work ?
schulze , f . e . ( 1886 ) . über den bau und das system der hexactinelliden . abhandlungen der königlichen akademie der wissenschaften zu berlin ( physikalisch - mathematisch classe ) . 1 - 97 . [ details ]
schulze , f . e . ( 1887 ) . report on the hexactinellida collected by h . m . s . ‘challenger’ during the years 1873 - 1876 . report on the scientific results of the voyage of h . m . s . ‘challenger’ , 1873 - 1876 . zoology 21 ( text ) : 1 - 514 . [ details ]
van soest , r . w . m ; boury - esnault , n . ; hooper , j . n . a . ; rützler , k . ; de voogd , n . j . ; alvarez , b . ; hajdu , e . ; pisera , a . b . ; manconi , r . ; schönberg , c . ; klautau , m . ; picton , b . ; kelly , m . ; vacelet , j . ; dohrmann , m . ; díaz , m . - c . ; cárdenas , p . ; carballo , j . l . ; ríos , p . ; downey , r . ( 2018 ) . world porifera database .
( of aphrocallistes intermedia okada , 1932 ) okada , y . ( 1932 ) . report on the hexactinellid sponges collected by the united states fisheries steamer ‘albatros’ in the northwestern pacific during the summer of 1906 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 81 ( 2935 ) : 1 - 118 , pls 1 - 6 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of aphrocallistes yatsui okada , 1932 ) okada , y . ( 1932 ) . report on the hexactinellid sponges collected by the united states fisheries steamer ‘albatros’ in the northwestern pacific during the summer of 1906 . proceedings of the united states national museum . 81 ( 2935 ) : 1 - 118 , pls 1 - 6 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of aphrocallistes whiteavesianus lambe , 1892 ) lambe , l . m . ( 1892 [ 1893 ] ) . on some sponges from the pacific coast of canada and behring sea . transactions of the royal society of canada . 10 ( 4 ) : 67 - 78 , pls iii - vi . [ details ]
laubenfels , m . w . de . ( 1932 ) . the marine and fresh - water sponges of california . proceedings of the united states national museum . 81 ( 2927 ) : 1 - 140 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
wilson , h . v . ( 1904 ) . reports on an exploration off the west coasts of mexico , central and south america , and off the galapagos islands , in charge of alexander agassiz , by the u . s . fish commission steamer ' albatross ' during 1891 , lieut . commander z . l . tanner , u . s . s . , commanding . xxx . the sponges . memoirs of the museum of comparative zoology at harvard college . 30 ( 1 ) : 1 - 164 . page ( s ) : 73 [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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contact importer for gmail , yahoo , outlook . com , aol and more . | cloudsponge
engage with your users ' contacts to generate more leads , referrals , and virality .
your 14 - day trial doesn ' t start until you ' re ready to deploy to production .
api wrappers and a customizable javascript widget make it easy for you to integrate however you like .
24 / 7 uptime monitoring and full time support means you never have to worry about maintenance when providers change .
normalized contact data lets you integrate once and never worry about new data formats or parsing nightmares .
it literally took us 10 minutes to integrate with cloudsponge and doubled the number of invitations sent by our customers .
integrating cloudsponge was a snap . it makes it easy for our users to invite their friends and family to join kiva .
we picked cloudsponge because of the features they offer coupled with their robust sdks and support .
since implementing cloudsponge . . . more customers get through the process of sending an ecard .
cloudsponge has been doing an excellent job for us . the team has been extremely helpful and responsive to our needs .
integrating cloudsponge was incredibly straightforward and we’re thrilled with their customer service and uptime .
we are excited about what cloudsponge will be able to do for us as we transition away from plaxo .
if you don ' t find the answers to you questions here , check our developer documentation .
cloudsponge is a software - as - a - service product that imports all the major address books . most websites use our product so that their users don’t have to type email addresses into their referral forms when they want to send an invitation , greeting card or coupon to someone they know .
please visit our contact sources directory for an up to date list of our supported address books along with real time availability monitoring .
we continue to add support for more contact sources . if you would like to be notified when we have added support for a particular contact source , please send us feedback .
no . a little programming knowledge is helpful , but we give you a simple piece of code that you can paste into the page on your website with your referral form .
if you are a programmer , you will find dozens of customization options in our developer documentation including the ability to use our api so that you can have complete control over every pixel of the user experience .
no . we’re only handling the address book importing part of the solution for you . you’ll have to send the invitations or coupons to your users’ friends yourself . for transactional email delivery we highly recommend sendgrid rather than using your own mail server .
absolutely ! there are tons of ways you can customize the widget , we’ve written a whole section about widget customizations in our developer documentation .
no . you can let our widget guide the user through importing their contacts , then pass the contacts to your application to render them . the beforedisplaycontacts callback lets you get the full list of contacts in javascript and suppress the display of the contact chooser . find a minimal example here .
when i try to use the widget , i see a popup saying something about ‘quirks mode’ . how do i resolve this ?
the widget must be included on a page with a valid doctype tag . insert
there can be an issue when the browser’s java plugin is disabled . this most commonly happens with firefox but is known to happen with other browsers . enabling your browser’s java plugin will resolve this .
you may not see every contact in the widget because cloudsponge only displays contacts that pass through some simple email validation . this ensures that your application only gets a list of contacts with reasonable looking email addresses .
one common address that is filtered is the exchange address . these addresses generally follow this format :
if you would like all the emails to appear in the widget , you can set an option to override the filtering of these emails . specifying :
in the cspageoptions will display every contact with an email address , valid or not .
branding the aol experience is only possible if you have an existing developer relationship with aol .
after applying the changes to see your domain in the google authentication window , you may still get an invalid client error from google .
that error is displayed when under “apis & auth” - > “consent screen” you have empty field . make sure the field “product name” is correctly filled in and that you have also selected an e - mail address . you can find “consent screen” by going to urltoken . then , click on your project’s name and go to “apis & auth” - > “consent screen” .
the cloudsponge servers are hosted by amazon web services with redundancy at every level of the stack and load balancing on our most critical parts .
operating on thousands of websites for several years has given us all the data we need to know exactly how much activity each of our server instances can handle . our monitoring thresholds are set at “better - safe - than - sorry” levels to make sure we are notified well in advance of any bottlenecks forming .
the ability to launch more server instances instantly coupled with our generous monitoring thresholds gives us full confidence that we can handle any amount of traffic that your website can send our way .
yes it does . it requires that the user grant access to read the user’s yahoo mail during the oauth flow .
in general , we return the contacts _ owner whenever possible , but in some cases this is not possible , e . g . from a csv upload or if your yahoo credentials don’t include the yahoo mail scope .
when you register a domain xyz . com , the domain key will work on more specific subdomains like www . xyz . com . however the inverse is not true . if you register www . xyz . com , the domain key will not work on xyz . com .
the solution to this is to transfer your domain to be xyz . com . you can do that from the ‘cancel’ tab of the domain details page .
if you are registering a new domain , we always recommend registering the apex domain ( e . g . xyz . com ) so it can also be used on subdomains . the exception to this is when your site is hosted on another service that uses a subdomain to redirect to your .
exceptions : my site is hosted on urltoken using the full subdomain is appropriate here . my site is always available on www . urltoken . if your site has a url rewrite from urltoken - > www . urltoken or these domains point to different sites , then of course it makes sense to register the subdomain .
no . your user’s address book will stay in memory on our servers for a few minutes so that your website has a chance to download it , but then it’s wiped from memory and never written to disk .
in most cases , we never see the credentials . google , yahoo and microsoft all have delegated authentication frameworks that ensure that their users never have to give their credentials away to third parties like us . desktop address books like outlook and os x contacts use an applet that your users have to allow to run before we can access their data . for the other address book sources , we never save their credentials to disk and we wipe it from our server’s memory after a few minutes .
with the release of our new widget , our developer documentation has changed ! find the complete documentation for our old widget here .
making your users type their friends email addresses into your refer - a - friend form is a friction point that we’re in business to help you with . our list of supported address books is growing every week , send us an email if you don’t see one that’s important to you .
the first step is to create your company’s cloudsponge account or get an invitation to your company’s account if someone else already created it .
once you can log into your account , you’ll see your company’s universal snippet that will add our widget to any site you use it on . everything else you need to know is right here in the developer documentation .
if you’d rather build a completely custom interface , you’re welcome to integrate with our rest api instead of using our widget .
both options allow you to remove the cloudsponge branding in addition to several other customization options .
our javascript widget is the best way to get up and running quickly . you can see it in action on our test drive page .
don’t like our colors , fonts , corner radiuses , etc ? override our css with your own .
prefer to use your own brand in oauth dialogs ? use your own consumer credentials .
don’t like a feature in our widget’s ui ? turn if off with javascript options .
don’t like the widget , period ? use our rest api and build your own .
the widget is installed on thousands of websites so the chances are pretty good that you’re not the first person to need whatever you have in mind . if you’re not sure how to get it to do what you want , just write us an email and we’ll help you figure it out .
once you’ve created a cloudsponge account , you’ll get your own widget snippet that you can add to any page to include our widget there . the snippet is a very basic example of using our widget on a page . it does three things that any widget integration must do :
your cloudsponge key is the name of your own custom widget script . add this script to your site in the head of the page .
after users pick their contacts , they will be populated inside an html element .
this is the pattern you’ll follow to get started with cloudsponge . you need to sign in to get your own widget _ script :
please be aware of ie’s protected mode settings . your test page and urltoken both need to be in zones with the same protected mode setting . usually , urltoken is in the internet zone , and your localhost is in the local internet zone .
our recommendation is to enable protected mode for both the internet zone and the zone that your test page is in . this ensures that your local environment behaves the same as in production .
this is not an issue in production since both sites are in the same ie zone and will be treated with the same protected mode .
once you’ve got our javascript loading on the page , the next important step is figuring out how your user is going to invoke the widget . there are two approaches :
the default menu link that’s just a simple anchor tag that opens the widget’s main menu .
in step 3 above , the basic installation code puts an “add from address book” hyperlink on your page that will open our widget to a menu of available contact sources . this is the simplest way to get started . if you want to sort or filter the contact source icons that are displayed on the main menu , use the sources parameter in your cspageoptions .
in step 3 above , the basic installation code puts an “add from address book” hyperlink on your page that will open our widget to a menu of available contact sources .
the hyperlinks in the code sample above are basic text ; since you are adding this code , you can add css styling and images to suit your site .
you can find several file formats for the icons we’re using plus a couple more styles on iconfinder .
our widget is fully customizable via css styles . use the css option to link to your own copy of our widget stylesheet . the stylesheet that you include needs to only define the styles you want to override . here are examples of common changes that you might want to make . if there anything you want to style that’s not included , let us know and we’ll help you with the particulars .
this feature is part of our standard plan features and must be enabled by a cloudsponge administrator , please email support @ urltoken to request permission .
options should be set by calling cloudsponge . init ( options ) . supported options are listed below .
set this value to be true if you want to display the button on the ‘choose your contacts’ screen when there are no contacts selected . see an example here .
the the number of minutes that any successful address book data will persist in the browser’s localstorage cache . the cached copy of the user’s contacts will be displayed without prompting the user to provide consent again if the contacts are available . when not set or set to 0 , the user will always be prompted to provide consent to import their contacts . fractional minutes are supported . users have the ability to turn off this feature on their browser .
set the format of the contacts displayed in the textarea after select the contacts . you can use one of the default templates name , email , name + email , name + phone , name + email + phone , name + email + address . alternatively , you can create your own template using subtitution variables in a string , for example :
$ { name } - $ { email }
. valid variable names are : name , email , primaryemail , firstname , lastname , jobtitle , company , companies , groups , dob , birthday , emailslist , phoneslist , homeaddress , workaddress , otheraddress , phone , address .
specifies a url to a stylesheet containing your custom css classes so that you can make our widget match your website . when specified , your stylesheet is included after our styles on the page . here are examples of common classes that you might want to override . this feature must be enabled by a cloudsponge administrator , please email support @ urltoken to request permission . see an example here .
lists which providers should use a file upload as the default method for importing . currently supported by aol , windowslive , addressbook and outlook import sources . see an example here .
when the array contains phone , display the contact phones column , by default it will alway display name and email columns , if used with filter option , you can filter the contacts to only show the ones that contain phones . see an example here .
when true , enables the all and none links on the select your contacts page which allow the user to select or de - select all their contacts with a single click . when false , these links are hidden .
a function that takes a contact object and decides whether to include it in the contacts ui . if the function returns true the contact will be displayed , if it returns false , the contact will not be displayed . by default , the filter returns true if there is at least one email associated with the contact . e . g . function ( contact ) { return ! ! contact . email . length }
when true , the widget only displays one email address when a contact has multiples . we make our best guess based on the contact meta - data , when available .
when true , the widget only displays one phone number when a contact has multiples . we make our best guess based on the contact meta - data , when available .
indicates the data to include when automatically populating the contacts in the textarea . when name is included , then both the name and the email address are set in the textarea in the format name < email > . when name is not included , then only the email addresses are set and no additionally formatting is applied . when mailing _ address is included in the array , these will be included with the json data passed into the callback methods example . see here for the format of the contacts array .
when false , oauth sources will launch a popup window for obtaining authorization from the user . when true , oauth sources will redirect the entire browser window to obtain authorization . when the authorization flow is complete , the browser will be redirected back to the original page and the widget will open and display the result of the import . you can specify
mobile
which will cause the inline behaviour when the widget loads on a mobile browser only . note : this option will work as expected when the url on your site is less than 256 bytes long and is served using a http get .
when true and set in the cspageoptions this option prevents the cloudsponge object from performing a full initialization . before the widget is ready , you must call cloudsponge . load ( ) from your code . example here .
sets the language to one of our standard translations . currently supports ' cn ' , ' nl ' , ' fr ' , ' pt - br ' , or ' bg ' . not for use with localedata .
can be either a literal object that contains the custom language , or a string url pointing to a json file which contains the object . not for use with locale . see an example of each here . see our example locale data structure for our default language .
when this value is true , no tracking of the user’s clicks in the widget will be performed . additionally , no cookies will be used . set this option to true if your user is subject to gdpr protection and has not opted in to tracking or cookies on your page .
when this value is true , contacts that do not belongs to a group will be omitted from the widget view . this option only applies to gmail currently .
a css selector for the node that the widget ui will be appended to . in most cases , appending the widget to the default body node is acceptable .
when true , forces display of the account selection screen during the oauth flow . currently only supported by gmail .
when defined limits the number of contacts that can be selected in the list . specify a value for selectionlimitmessage to set a custom message . use with displayselectallnone : false .
specifies the message to display to the user in an alert box when they attempt to select too many contacts . ignore it to suppress the message . has not effect unless used with selectionlimit .
to be used with selectionlimit option . when defined , this function will override the default behavior ( display the alert message ) when the selection limit is reached . in this function , you can display your own ui to alert the user or add a custom behavior .
when true , suppress the display of the contacts list . you can use it with the beforedisplaycontacts callback in order to manipulate the contacts . see our example .
you can suppress the display of the choose your address book page which will hide the ‘back’ links . the widget will close instead of displaying this page , unless you call cloudsponge . launch ( ) with no arguments .
specifies the sources to display on the contact sources page . available options : gmail , yahoo , windowslive , csv , linkedin , aol , icloud , outlook , addressbook , plaxo , mail _ ru , uol , bol , terra , rediff , mail126 , mail163 , mail _ yeah _ net , gmx , qip _ ru , sapo , mailcom , yandex _ ru
selects an alternate base stylesheet to load from our themes . we currently support two themes . one is called frost and the other is called unresponsive - desktop which effectively disables the mobile view of the widget .
a base value for the z - index of the widget . if the widget loads behind other positioned elements on your site , you can override this value to ensure that the widget is positioned correctly .
deprecated in favor of using the cloudsponge - contacts class to identify the html element to add contacts to .
this responsive version of the widget doesn’t use a different view for mobile devices .
you can add your own scripts to the widget , to be loaded on each view of the widget . reach out to us for more information .
called immediately after the widget is completely initialized and any links to launch the widget can be safely enabled . if your page is launching the widget programatically via the widget api , then ensure that you watch for this callback before attempting to launch the widget .
called immediately before the widget is launched either by the user clicking a “cloudsponge - launch” link or programatically by calling cloudsponge . launch ( ) . if the callback function returns false , then the widget will cancel launching . if the widget has not been initialized , the callback will not be called . no parameters are passed to the callback .
called after the widget launches and all ui elements have been created on the page , but the widget content is loaded . no parameters are passed to the callback .
called before an import begins . in the case of an oauth import , this callback executes when the user is directed to the oauth flow . for other import methods , it fires when the user submits their data ( either a file or their credentials ) .
called immediately after the user finishes any authentication / consent and before cloudsponge begins to import the concats . the source of the contacts is passed into the callback .
called after cloudsponge completes importing the users contacts . the source of the contacts and a boolean value indicating if the import succeeded ( true indicates a successful import ) are passed into the callback . example
called before the choose your contacts page renders . the callback may accept array of contacts , the name of the source of the contacts , and the owner contact . since this callback occurs before the contacts are displayed and the user has the opportunity to filter them , all the contacts of the user’s address book are passed in at this point . these contacts are not guaranteed to have any email addresses . returning false from this function will immediately cause the widget to close , thus suppressing the display of the choose your contacts page . example
called after the user clicks the next button on the choose your contacts page and before the widget overlay is dismissed . the callback may accept array of contacts , the name of the source of the contacts , and the owner contact . only the contacts that the user selected are passed to the function . all these contacts will have at least one email address . example
called just before the widget closes for any reason . no data is passed into the beforeclosing function .
called just after the widget closes for any reason . no arguments are passed into function .
when you include our address _ book . js script on your page , we’ll instantiate a javascript object named cloudsponge . this is a global object and only one instance is permitted on a page .
this function may be called to set cloudsponge options . if you want to dynamically change the cspageoptions , cloudsponge . init ( . . ) can be called to update the cloudsponge options . valid keys and values for options are referenced in the widget customization options above .
cloudsponge . launch ( source ) launches the widget . this function does nothing if the widget has not yet completed initialization . this is a handy function for launching the widget on a page load , or when more flexibility is required for starting the import . passing in a source is optional : when omitted , the widget displays the list of contact sources ; when a valid source is specified , the action launches directly to the specific import . valid sources are : gmail , yahoo , windowslive , csv , linkedin , aol , icloud , outlook , addressbook , plaxo , mail _ ru , uol , bol , terra , rediff , mail126 , mail163 , mail _ yeah _ net , gmx , qip _ ru , sapo , mailcom , yandex _ ru
use our webhooks to have our widget post address book data to any url you choose . you might send the content to your own server or to a service like zapier to handle the data on your behalf .
nb be careful not to expose any private or secure data ( like basic authentication ) in the webhook url . this url is set in the cloudsponge object’s options and will be exposed in public .
to specify a webhook , add it to your call to cloudsponge . init . for example :
posted before the user sees their address book in the widget . see a working example here .
the value of stringsource indicates the source of the address book . it will be one of the codes from our list of supported soures . arrayofcontacts and ownercontact both follow our standard contact data structure .
the cloudsponge widget uses an array of contact objects to represent a user’s address book . this data structure is most commonly used by developers who implement the beforedisplaycontacts ( ) and aftersubmitcontacts ( ) callbacks since it’s passed in as an argument there .
the type associated with the email . possible values depend on the address book source .
the type associated with the phone number . possible values depend on the address book source .
undefined or an array of address objects for the contact . each address has the properties : address and type .
undefined or the full mailing address , formatted with line breaks ( \ n ) .
the type associated with the mailing address . possible values depend on the address book source .
an array of strings representing the companies that the contact is associated with , when available .
an array of strings representing the groups that the contact is associated with , when available . the groups are defined by the owner of the addres book .
a string representing the date of birth of the contact , if available . the date format is yyyy - mm - dd .
a string representing the month and day of the contact’s birthday , if available . the format is mm - dd .
returns a string with the first and last name for the contact joined with a space .
returns a string with the email address that was selected in a drop down list . if the choose contacts page was not displayed , it returns the value of contact . primaryemail ( ) .
the following sample code shows all you need to get started with cloudsponge . everything else is optional . for more information see basic installation .
when your page displays the link to launch the widget on an iframe , you may need to separate the initialization code from the javascript includes . the widget adds 2 of its own iframes to the page where the snippet is included . this may lead to cases where conflicts between libraries and iframe setup can prevent the proper initialization of the widget . further , the overlay will fill only the iframe that it is loaded on , so if you attempt to launch the widget on a small iframe , it will limit the size of the widget interface which may not be the desired user experience .
to resolve this issue , split the widget initialization and handling code between the parent and child frames on your page . the parent frame is responsible for initializing the widget and handling callbacks . the child frame contains the link to launch the widget .
here is a trial example demonstrating the mechanics of this pattern . a parent page might look like this :
you can have the widget return a list of plain email addresses , excluding the names . the emails will be in the format contact @ urltoken , instead of contact _ name < contact @ urltoken >
you cannot apply a filter to the contacts displayed in the widget , but you can render the contacts on your own page before they display to the user . you can implement the beforedisplaycontacts callback in order to get all the contacts of the user’ address book before they are displayed . return false from this callback to suppress the display of the “choose your contacts” screen .
you can update the cloudsponge options at run - time to reflect which textarea to put the contacts into .
here’s a partial html that would require replacing the values in curly braces { } with the values returned by our api .
you’ll need to pass the url to your hosted version of the applet in the cspageoptions as demonstrated below .
i want every contact , not just the ones that the user selects . how can i get them all ?
i don’t like the way the widget formats the contacts . how can i do it myself ?
the aftersubmitcontacts callback is for you . this callback is invoked after the user clicks the next button on the choose your contacts page and before the widget overlay is dismissed . the callback receives the array of selected contacts , the name of the source of the contacts , and the owner contact .
only the contacts that the user selected are passed to the function . all these contacts will have at least one email address . if the user abandons the import process , this callback will not be invoked .
i don’t want all the sources to be displayed or i want to change their order . can i do that ?
yes ! use the option to filter the sources we display , or reorder them how you like .
use the include option and add ‘mailing _ address’ to the list . the returned contacts will have either an undefined value for address or an array of that contact’s mailing addresses .
cloudsponge offers its very own restful address book api to connect your web application to the contact sources . use this method if you want to provide a user experience that is not supported by our widget interface .
despite there being three different user authentication methods , importing contacts with the api follows a similar 3 - stage asynchronous process .
step 1 : get permission - your application initiates an address book import by calling the “begin import” url , specifying the user authentication method , the address book source , plus any other additional information required . the api returns a result object containing a unique identifier for subsequent calls to the api , and in some cases data needs to be displayed in the user’s browser .
step 2 : wait for import - your application polls the “events” url and receives a result object indicating the current import events . these events notify you of the current progress of the import , if any errors have occurred , or when the import is complete . you can optionally display these import events to the user’s browser .
step 3 : download - once you have received a successful “complete” import event , you can retrieve the contacts payload from the api directly or from a database configured for your account .
this step is a little different depending on which source your user wants to import from .
the table below summarizes which import method to use with each source . desktop imports use a different import method depending on the configuration of the end user’s system .
begin user consent import ( oauth , oauth2 . 0 , csv and vcard )
this import method will send your user to a new window to grant permission to access their contacts . you will call our api to get the url that you need to load in this window .
your application launches a new popup window to accommodate for the user consent url .
once the popup launches , your application calls the / begin _ import / user _ consent endpoint , including the contact source requested .
cloudsponge returns a result object , including the import _ id to use to fetch the contacts later and a url for the user consent page , which needs to be displayed to the user in the popup window .
now your application’s main page should go to step 2 while the user gives cloudsponge permission to access their contacts and we download their address book for you .
by specifying mailing _ address here , mailing addresses will be returned in addition to the other contact information .
any unique identifier you use to identify a user . this value will be returned on calls to the / events and / contacts endpoints .
the url where the browser will be redirected after the consent flow has completed . this parameter is useful when you are redirecting the browser to the consent url . it is how you tell our application where to redirect the browser after the user has completed the consent flow . typically , this is be the url of the page where the user will see their imported address book . nb if you are opening the consent url in a popup window with urltoken , do not specify a value for the parameter .
the identifier for this import , used in subsequent calls to fetch events and contacts .
this import method requires that you collect your user’s username and password for their address book service .
your application collects the user’s username and password combination for the contact source requested .
your application calls the / begin _ import / import endpoint , including the username / password plus the contact source requested .
cloudsponge returns a result object indicating the request has been received and specifying an import _ id for fetching events and contacts later .
now your application should go to step 2 while cloudsponge downloads the address book for you .


hypsolebias magnificus is a species of fish in the family aplocheilidae native the middle são francisco river basin in brazil .

it grows to 5 cm ( 2.0 in ) tl .

it was formerly included in the genus simpsonichthys but has been recently reclassified .

hypsolebias magnificus

sometimes the wait just can ' t wait no more ! i soaked eggs from the hypsolebias ( was simpsonichthys ) magnificus tonight at about 9 . 30 & by 11 . 30 four have hatched - so i hope the morning will show some more . i placed the peat in a clean tank 10x6x6 and dripped some tank water along with freshly prepared water for a water change onto the peat . once there was about an inch of water i stopped and put a knotted airline into the water with 1 bubble per second appearing - just to agitate the water unfortunately my 2 microworm cultures have crashed ( heat & fruit fly is my guess ) so i ' ll have to get a culture sharpish tomorrow . andrew
nielsen , d . t . b . , m . martins , l . m . de araujo and suzart , r . dos reis , 2014 . hypsolebias shibattai , a new species of annual fish ( cyprinodontiformes : rivulidae ) from the rio são francisco northern brazil . aqua , intl . j . ichthyol . 20 ( 1 ) : 27 - 34 . ( ref . 94796 )
freshwater ; benthopelagic ; non - migratory . tropical ; 22°c - 26°c ( ref . 13614 )
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 5 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 36579 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00891 ( 0 . 00401 - 0 . 01981 ) , b = 3 . 14 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 34 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 2 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
400 - nielsen et al . describe cynolebias akroa , related to parnaibensis and already in danger of extinction , from rio preto basin , bahia [ 1 - july - 2018 ] : aqua
399 - sutton et al . , based on salinity local abrupt variations for k . marmoratus , show acute alterations in behavior , maybe metabolism [ 22 - june - 2018 ] : copeia
killi - data is all about fish that are so important to ichthyologists , biologists , aquarists , ecologists , conservationists , environmentalists , and behaviorists , because of their unique characteristics . if you are a new comer to killifishes , discover their specificities , and their beauties , their ecology - behaviours .
killi - data presents all available top quality information on killies or oviparous cyprinodontiformes fishes , including a data base , with full ichthyological , ecological , behavioral , and historical coverage for each taxon and , with all aquarium information of maintenance and breeding , and , with all details of systematics , morpho - osteology , genetics , patterns for each today valid name .
killi - data access to knowledge base and all included services is completely free after simple registration with ethical commitments to ' k - d - i ' at… registration .
killi - data knowledge base latest full upload : february 5 . 2018 [ 1552 total taxa ( generic or specific level ) , 82 presently valid genera , 1060 presently valid ( sub ) species , 5358 bibliographic references , 1704 killiflash , 3025 fish photos , 8492 collecting localities , 200 maps , 1 wassup , and 369 linked alerts ] .
infoweb 12 : within a biogeographical review of cynolebias et al . , simpsonichthys is revised and split by costa
from jean h . huber private address : 7 bd flandrin , 75116 paris , france m . n . h . n . , ichthyology , 43 rue cuvier , 75231 paris cedex 05 . e - mail : author @ urltoken [ today inactive ]
paris , november 30 . 2010 [ updated on july 1 . 2015… simpsonichthys , nematolebias , xenurolebias , on march 31 . 2016 , new molecular publication contradicts many of costa ' s morphological and distributional analyses , see addendum ] .
here is a table that summerizes the changes ( they are not followed in killi - data presently , see conclusion ) .
literature cited : costa , w . j . e . m . 2010 . historical biogeography of cynolebiasine annual killifishes inferred from dispersal - vicariance analysis . journ . biogeography , 37 : 1995 - 2004 .
surprisingly , the most frequently used root ( with more than 3 letters ) for killifish names is mann which means man in german . is it for 7 , 9 , 11 , or 14 taxa ?
© huber , killi - data international , http : / / www . killi - data . org , 2001 - 2018 . back to home page . page update : 29 july 2016
this email address is being protected from spambots . you need javascript enabled to view it .
last edit : 04 aug 2014 23 : 21 by andrew ( andrew taaffe ) .
congratulations . they have to be one of the most beautiful killies around . drop by the shop ill bring in a culture of worms for you .
after 24 hours of wetting i found 25 hatched fry - though only caught 24 with my medicine spoon for moving from the tank of wet peat to a clean tank for growing on , initial microscopic foods from java moss & squeeze from a filter sponge .
i ' ll keep the peat wet for another 24 hours and then remove for storing for a second wetting in a few weeks . so far i ' m delighted with the return ratio on first wetting - here ' s hoping that all free swimming fry get a good gulp of air & no belly sliders .
thanks darren for the microworm culture - it ' ll be handy in a few days and also easy to remove uneaten worms from the bare floor to keep water fouling low .
last edit : 05 aug 2014 22 : 14 by andrew ( andrew taaffe ) .
no problem . the micro worms are nice and clean since they can live in water for over a week so very little water fouling from them . man they are small . they look about the size of galaxy rasbora fry , which feed on the same things . filter bacteria and the microscopic life the you find on moss . did you breed these yourself or just buy some eggs ? .
i ended up buying the eggs as no females were in the batch of fish delivered , though i have 6 fantastic males - despite follow up requests by xeon no females appeared subsequently - hopefully i can keep these in the hobby in ireland - the males really are stunning when fully grown with females much less so . yeah the fry are tiny & comparable in size to gajaxy rasbora fry , compared to betta splendens or notho rachovii fry they really are minute . now i need to figure out a suitable tank for display & breeding purposes ! ! andrew
last edit : 05 aug 2014 23 : 31 by andrew ( andrew taaffe ) .
hi alan i bought the eggs from a bka member - a trusted reliable source unlike some of the ebay bags of dried peat i ' ve bought previously . here is a picture of a male i caught tonight whilst picking some cory eggs , he is in a small show tank devouring some brine shrimp - not a great picture with my phone - much better to see them in the flesh . i showed one at an itfs club table show in may , there he was relaxed & settled ( unlike tonight & he has a split fin ) andrew
last edit : 06 aug 2014 23 : 40 by andrew ( andrew taaffe ) .
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breeding pair of fund . makurdi + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
help pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .
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< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the ‘basket’ to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > the annotation score provides a heuristic measure of the annotation content of a uniprotkb entry or proteome . this score < strong > cannot < / strong > be used as a measure of the accuracy of the annotation as we cannot define the ‘correct annotation’ for any given protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / annotation _ score ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein . note that the ‘protein existence’ evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence ( s ) displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ existence ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides any useful information about the protein , mostly biological knowledge . < p > < a href = ' / help / function _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > the < a href =
urltoken
> gene ontology ( go ) < / a > project provides a set of hierarchical controlled vocabulary split into 3 categories : < p > < a href = ' / help / gene _ ontology ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > uniprotkb keywords constitute a < a href =
urltoken
> controlled vocabulary < / a > with a hierarchical structure . keywords summarise the content of a uniprotkb entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest . < p > < a href = ' / help / keywords ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > information which has been generated by the uniprotkb automatic annotation system , without manual validation . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000256
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information about the protein and gene name ( s ) and synonym ( s ) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / names _ and _ taxonomy _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides an exhaustive list of all names of the protein , from commonly used to obsolete , to allow unambiguous identification of a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / protein _ names ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section provides information on the name ( s ) of the organism that is the source of the protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / organism - name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000313
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section shows the unique identifier assigned by the ncbi to the source organism of the protein . this is known as the ‘taxonomic identifier’ or ‘taxid’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ identifier ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> names and taxonomy < / a > section contains the taxonomic hierarchical classification lineage of the source organism . it lists the nodes as they appear top - down in the taxonomic tree , with the more general grouping listed first . < p > < a href = ' / help / taxonomic _ lineage ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information on the location and the topology of the mature protein in the cell . < p > < a href = ' / help / subcellular _ location _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> ' subcellular location ' < / a > section describes the extent of a membrane - spanning region of the protein . it denotes the presence of both alpha - helical transmembrane regions and the membrane spanning regions of beta - barrel transmembrane proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / transmem ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section describes post - translational modifications ( ptms ) and / or processing events . < p > < a href = ' / help / ptm _ processing _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides information on sequence similarities with other proteins and the domain ( s ) present in a protein . < p > < a href = ' / help / family _ and _ domains _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> family and domains < / a > section describes the position and type of a domain , which is defined as a specific combination of secondary structures organized into a characteristic three - dimensional structure or fold . < p > < a href = ' / help / domain ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > information which has been generated by the uniprotkb automatic annotation system , without manual validation . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences # eco : 0000259
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘family and domains’ section provides information about the sequence similarity with other proteins . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ similarities ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section displays by default the canonical protein sequence and upon request all isoforms described in the entry . it also includes information pertinent to the sequence ( s ) , including < a href =
urltoken
> length < / a > and < a href =
urltoken
> molecular weight < / a > . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequences _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the < a href =
urltoken
> sequence < / a > section indicates if the < a href =
urltoken
> canonical sequence < / a > displayed by default in the entry is complete or not . < p > < a href = ' / help / sequence _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > the checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence . it is useful for tracking sequence updates . < / p > < p > it should be noted that while , in theory , two different sequences could have the same checksum value , the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low . < / p > < p > however uniprotkb may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes ( paralogs ) . < / p > < p > the checksum is computed as the sequence 64 - bit cyclic redundancy check value ( crc64 ) using the generator polynomial : x < sup > 64 < / sup > + x < sup > 4 < / sup > + x < sup > 3 < / sup > + x + 1 . the algorithm is described in the iso 3309 standard . < / p > < p class =
publication
> press w . h . , flannery b . p . , teukolsky s . a . and vetterling w . t . < br / > < strong > cyclic redundancy and other checksums < / strong > < br / > < a href =
urltoken
> numerical recipes in c 2nd ed . , pp896 - 902 , cambridge university press ( 1993 ) < / a > ) < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘sequence’ section is used for sequence fragments to indicate that the residue at the extremity of the sequence is not the actual terminal residue in the complete protein sequence . < p > < a href = ' / help / non _ ter ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides links to proteins that are similar to the protein sequence ( s ) described in this entry at different levels of sequence identity thresholds ( 100 % , 90 % and 50 % ) based on their membership in uniprot reference clusters ( < a href =
urltoken
> uniref < / a > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / similar _ proteins _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section is used to point to information related to entries and found in data collections other than uniprotkb . < p > < a href = ' / help / cross _ references _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this section provides general information on the entry . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ information _ section ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides a mnemonic identifier for a uniprotkb entry , but it is not a stable identifier . each reviewed entry is assigned a unique entry name upon integration into uniprotkb / swiss - prot . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ name ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section provides one or more accession number ( s ) . these are stable identifiers and should be used to cite uniprotkb entries . upon integration into uniprotkb , each entry is assigned a unique accession number , which is called ‘primary ( citable ) accession number’ . < p > < a href = ' / help / accession _ numbers ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section shows the date of integration of the entry into uniprotkb , the date of the last sequence update and the date of the last annotation modification ( ‘last modified’ ) . the version number for both the entry and the < a href =
urltoken
> canonical sequence < / a > are also displayed . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ history ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this subsection of the ‘entry information’ section indicates whether the entry has been manually annotated and reviewed by uniprotkb curators or not , in other words , if the entry belongs to the swiss - prot section of uniprotkb ( < strong > reviewed < / strong > ) or to the computer - annotated trembl section ( < strong > unreviewed < / strong > ) . < p > < a href = ' / help / entry _ status ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =
/ help / sequence - searches
> more . . < / a > < / p >
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miniaceoliva miniacea , common name the pacific common olive , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family olividae , the olives .

there are two subspecies : oliva miniacea berti terzer , 1986 : synonym of miniaceoliva efasciata berti ( terzer , 1986 ) oliva miniacea tremulina lamarck , 1811 : synonym of miniaceoliva tremulina ( lamarck , 1811 )

miniaceoliva miniacea

sea shells pacific olive or oliva miniacea , olividae i . . . sea shells pacific olive or oliva miniacea , olividae i . . .
( of oliva miniacea miniacea ( röding , 1798 ) ) vervaet f . & recourt p . pers . com . , january 2010 [ details ]
a small miniaceoliva with a restricted distribution range , apparently only found in nw australia .
figure 2 . new species and subspecies of miniaceoliva and omogymna from the central and southwestern pacific regions .
western ino - pacific realm . two subspecies recognised : mascarenes , madagascar ( miniaceoliva t . tremulina ( lamarck , 1811 ) ) , maldives , inda , sri lanka ( miniaceoliva t . flammeacolor ( petuch & sargent , 1986 ) )
a third species complex is that of miniaceoliva sericea and its mascaren islands relative m . mascarena . and related species .
c , d = miniaceoliva lamberti ( jousseaume , 1884 ) , length 59 mm , in sand , 10 m depth , off diamond isles , coral sea . ( for comparison with miniaceoliva lamberti chloeae ; collection of the senior author ) .
western indo - pacific realm and from india and sri lanka ( miniaceoliva c . kremerorum ( petuch & sargent , 1986 ) .
( of oliva ( miniaceoliva ) miniacea ( röding , 1798 ) ) sargent d . m . & petuch e . j . ( 2012 ) a new species of oliva ( gastropoda : olividae ) from mauritius , mascarene islands . visaya 3 ( 5 ) : 4 - 10 . [ march 2012 ] [ details ]
the
oliva miniacea complex
, with the description of a familiar , unnamed species ( studies on olividae . 25 ) 24 - 27 , pl . 4 figs . 1 - 6
( of oliva miniacea miniacea ( röding , 1798 ) ) röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : page 33 , species 391 [ details ]
e , f = miniaceoliva efasciata thierryi petuch and myers , new subspecies . holotype , length 45 mm , 2 . 5 m depth off tarawa atoll , kiribati , micronesia , lacm 3273 .
central indo - pacific realm . tropical southwestern pacific province ( vanuatu , new caledonia ) . western coral triangle province ( philippines ) . eastern coral triangle province ( solomon islands ) ( miniaceoliva c . concinna ( marrat , 1871 ) .
( of oliva miniacea ( röding , 1798 ) ) liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
a , b = miniaceoliva lamberti chloeae petuch and myers , new subspecies . holotype , length 61 mm , 3 m depth off tepako point , uvea , wallis and futuna islands , mnhn im - 2000 - 27480 ( national museum of natural history , paris , france ) .
all of the holotypes of the new taxa , except for one , are deposited in the molluscan type collection of the los angeles county museum of natural history , los angeles , california , and bear lacm numbers . one holotype ( miniaceoliva lamberti chloeae ) is also deposited in the national museum of natural history , paris , france , and bears an mnhn number . paratype specimens are deposited in the los angeles county museum of natural history ( bearing an lacm number ) , and also in the personal research collections of the senior author , thierry vulliet ( queensland , australia ) , and pierre recourt ( the netherlands ) , and in the united states national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution ( bearing a usnm number ) . the descriptions of the new olivid taxa are arranged here by genus .
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
petuch , e . j . ; myers , r . f . ( 2014 ) . new species and subspecies of olive shells ( gastropoda : olividae ) from the panamic and indo - pacific regions and the gulf of mexico . the festivus . 46 ( 3 ) : 63 - 74 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
( of cylinder erythrostoma ( meuschen , 1787 ) ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1929 ) . contribution à l ' étude de la faune de madagascar : mollusca marina testacea . faune des colonies françaises , iii ( fasc . 4 ) . société d ' editions géographiques , maritimes et coloniales : paris . 321 - 636 , plates iv - vii pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : page 33 , species 391 [ details ]
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oliva ( oliva ) erythrostoma lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1811
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( halmahera , indonesia ) . lesser sunda ecoregion ( bali , indonesia ) .
except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence .
type figures of oliva mascarena tursch & greifeneder , 1996 . fig . 1 , holotype . recent . aldabra .
western indo - pacific realm . western indian ocean province ( aldabra . comores . seychelles . mauritius . réunion ) . central indian ocean islands province ( chagos archipelago ) .
rv 0756 . mauritius , flic en flac , dived , depth 15 - 20 m , november 2012 . scale bar is 1 cm .
- size ( approx ) : 1x1x3 inches / weight : 0 . 062 lbs
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this paper is meant to be simply an augmentation and updating of previous studies on olivid biodiversity from around the world . three new species and three new subspecies are described in the following sections , and these include :
type specimens : holotype : length 43 mm , width 18 mm , lacm 3271 ; paratypes : length 44 mm , width 19 mm , same locality as the holotype , lacm 3272 ; length 43 mm , width 19 mm , same locality as holotype , in the research collection of the senior author ; 2 specimens , length 44 mm , width 18 mm , and length 38 mm , width 16 mm , from the same locality as the holotype , in the research collection of pierre recourt , the netherlands .
type locality : in clean quartz sand , exposed at low tide , st . andrew sound , panama city , bay county , florida ( apalachicola river delta ) .
range : at present , known only from the northeastern gulf of mexico , in the vicinity of the apalachicola river delta of the florida panhandle , where the new subspecies occurs on intertidal sand flats .
etymology : the taxon honors the choctaw indian tribe , the inhabitants of the apalachicola river delta and northern coast of the gulf of mexico at the time of the first contact with european explorers . named as a noun in appostion .
americoliva bollingi choctaw appears to represent a relictual population of the nominate subspecies that had become isolated in the northeastern gulf of mexico during the late pleistocene and has undergone subsequent genetic drift . the areas of st . andrew sound , apalachee bay , and the apalachicola delta are all under the influence of the warm - water gulf loop current , which bathes this coast with subtropical water conditions during the cold winter months . the near shore areas of western florida south of the suwannee river mouth , on the other hand , are not influenced by this warm water current and are exposed to very cold winter temperatures , often near freezing . because of these low winter water temperatures , the warm water - loving americoliva bollingi bollingi cannot live along this coast . conversely , the florida keys are continuously under the influence of the warm florida current and the southeastern coast of florida is bathed by the equally - warm gulf stream waters . these east coast tropical marine climates support coral reefs and their adjacent carbonate sand areas , providing the ideal habitat for a . bollingi bollingi . the two subspecies also inhabit different biogeographical regions , with a . bollingi bollingi occurring within the warm water floridian subprovince and palm beach provinciatone of the carolinian province , and with a . bollingi choctaw being a faunal component of the cooler water suwannean subprovince of the carolinian province ( see petuch , 2013 for descriptions of the north american provinces and subprovinces ) .
description : shell of average size for genus , extremely narrow and elongated , fusiform , with straight sides and high , elevated spire ; shoulder almost non - existent , grading directly into spire whorls ; filament channel narrow and deep , bounded by sharp , raised carina ; fasciole and fascicular band poorly - developed , proportionally narrow , confined to anterior one - fourth of body whorl ; spire whorls protracted , approximately one - fourth length of body whorl , partially covered with thick callus ; columella edged with 16 - 17 thin , evenly - spaced teeth , with teeth becoming larger and better - developed toward anterior end ; posterior one - fifth of columella smooth , without teeth ; body whorl pale cream - yellow overlaid with open network of interconnected large , pale orange elongated triangles and zig - zag flammules ; edge of filament channel marked with widely - spaced large , elongated orange triangular flammules ; fasciole and fascicular band cream - white , marked with scattered faint orange flammules ; aperture proportionally narrow , widening slightly toward anterior end ; columella and interior of aperture pale cream - white ; protoconch proportionally very large , rounded , dome - like , composed of 2 whorls , pale cream in color .
type specimens : holotype : length 44 mm , width 15 mm , lacm 3268 ; paratype : length 41 mm , width 15 mm , usnm 1155470 , collected by diver from 30 - 40 m depth , in sand , off santa catalina island , baja california del sur , gulf of california , mexico ( 25 degrees 30 . 2 minutes n , 110 degrees 46 . 3 minutes w ; in the collection of the division of mollusks , national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution , washington , d . c .
type locality : dredged from 128 m depth on the outer gorda bank , 6 . 5 miles from punta gorda , baja california del sur , gulf of california , mexico ( 23 degrees 01 . 56 minutes n , 109 degrees 28 . 5 minutes w ) . the holotype was collected by the r / v velero iv ( ahf 1729 - 49 ) , 12 march 1949 .
range : the new species appears to be endemic to the deep banks and seamounts off the southern tip of baja california del sur , mexico , in an area extending from the outer gorda bank to santa catalina island .
etymology : named for lindsey t . groves , collections manager of the department of malacology , los angeles county museum of natural history , in recognition of his many contributions to the systematics and taxonomy of living and fossil gastropods .
description : shell small for genus , short , stocky , inflated , with sloping shoulder area ; body whorl somewhat pyriform , with widest area anterior of shoulder ; spire whorls only slightly elevated , subpyramidal ; filament channel very narrow , deep , bounded by sharp carina ; spire whorls partially covered by thick callus ; fasciole and fascicular band proportionally narrow , confine to anterior one - fourth of body whorl ; shell color pale cream - white , overlaid with thin , evenly - spaced pale purple - blue zig - zag flammules that are arranged in zebra pattern ; shoulder area devoid of zebra pattern , being uniform pale cream - white in color ; edge of filament channel marked with widely - separated dark brown triangular patches , averaging only 6 per whorl ; spire whorls and spire calluses pale cream - white in color , marked with widely - separated dark brown patches ; columella white , with 13 - 14 evenly - spaced elongated teeth which become larger and better - developed toward anterior end ; posterior one - fourth of columella smooth , devoid of teeth ; aperture proportionally wide , becoming wider toward anterior end , pale cream - white on interior ; inner edge of lip marked with scattered dark brown irregular flammules ; anterior end of fasciole colored pale yellow - orange ; protoconch colored pale cream - white , proportionally large , rounded , dome - like , composed of 2 whorls .
type specimens : holotype : length 23 mm , width 11 mm , lacm 3269 ; paratypes : 3 specimens , lengths 18 mm , 16 mm , and 12 mm , lacm 3270 , same locality and depth as the holotype .
type locality : dredged from 50 m depth off la libertad , guayas province , ecuador ( 2 degrees 12 . 1 minutes s , 80 degrees 55 . 2 minutes n ) . the holotype and 3 paratypes were collected by the r / v velero iii ( ahf 20 - 33 ) , 21 january 1933 .
range : at present , known only from deeper water off the coast of ecuador .
etymology : named for dr . james h . mclean , curator emeritus of the department of malacology , los angeles county museum of natural history , in recognition of his innumerable contributions to the systematics and ecology of the mollusks of the panamic province .
description : shell small for genus , averaging 45 mm , elongated , cylindrical , with slightly rounded , convex sides ; spire proportionally low , subpyramidal , distinctly stepped ; shoulder very sloping , almost obsolete , grading directly into spire whorls ; filament channel proportionally wide , deep , bordered by prominent raised carina ; fasciole and fascicular band small , narrow , comprising only anterior one - fourth of body whorl ; body whorl color pale blue or bluish - cream , overlaid with regularly - spaced large purple brown zig - zag flammules arranged in zebra - striped pattern ; shoulder area and carina of filament channel without pattern , devoid of zebra stripes , being uniform blue - cream in color ; spire whorls partially callused , cream - blue in color , marked with widely - spaced large , prominent purple oval - shaped spots ; edge of filament carina with few , widely - separated small pale purple flammules , around 4 - 6 per whorl ; columella wide , cream - white in color , ornamented with 13 - 15 large tooth - like plications ; smaller secondary plications often present between larger primary plications ; fascicular band marked with 6 - 9 large , regularly - spaced , elongated purple spots ; aperture proportionally wide , slightly arcuate , widening toward anterior end ; interior of aperture deep red - orange ; protoconch cream - white in color , proportionally large , rounded , domelike , composed of 2 whorls .
type specimens : holotype : length 45 mm , width 17 mm , lacm 3273 ; paratypes : length 46 mm , width 19 mm , from the same locality as the holotype , in the research collection of the senior author ; length 46 mm , from the same locality as the holotype , in the collection of thierry vulliet , queensland , australia .
type locality : found in clean coral sand , 2 . 5 m depth , off tarawa atoll , kiribati , micronesia .
range : at present , known only from kiribati ( formerly the gilbert islands ) , particularly tarawa atoll , and tuvalu ( formerly the ellis islands ) , southwestern micronesia .
etymology : named for thierry vulliet of arundel , queensland , australia ; inspired amateur naturalist and conchologist , who first brought the new subspecies to our attention .
the new kiribati subspecies , m . efasciata thierryi , differs from the nominate subspecies in having a smaller , more cylindrical shell , in having a distinctive pale blue and cream base color , in having a color pattern composed of evenly - spaced purple zebra stripes , and in having a clear , unpatterned band around the shoulder . the marshall islands subspecies m . efasciata berti , which is restricted to the island archipelagoes north of western kiribati , differs from its southern congener in having a smaller , broader shell , in having a proportionally higher spire , in having a white base color , and in having a color pattern made up of thin , widely - scattered dark purple flammules .
type specimens : holotype : length 61 mm , width 30 mm , mnhn im - 2000 - 27480 ( in the molluscan type collection of the department of malacology , national museum of natural history , paris , france ) ; paratypes : length 60 mm , width 37 mm , in the research collection of the senior author ; length 60 mm , in the collection of thierry vulliet , queensland , australia .
type locality : in sand , 3 m depth off tepako point , uvea island , wallis and futuna islands .
range : the new subspecies ranges from wallis and futuna in the east , westward to the fijis , vanuatu , and santa cruz islands of melanesia .
etymology : named in honor of chloe gutierrez - vulliet of gold coast , queensland , australia , grand - daughter of well - known conchologist thierry vulliet .
description : shell of average size for genus , rotund , inflated , bulbous , with rounded sides and profile and with widest part of body whorl just anterior of shoulder ; spire proportionally very low , pyramidal , with rounded sides ; spire whorls almost completely covered by thick calluses ; shoulder distinctly rounded , grading into spire whorls ; filament channel very narrow and shallow , edged by small carina ; fasciole and fascicular band proportionally very small and poorly - developed , comprising only one - sixth of total shell length ; oblique enamel line extremely posterior on body whorl , confined to shoulder area , extending from posteriormost edge of lip around to posteriormost end of columella ; shell color pale yellow - white overlaid with dense network of interconnected reddish - tan triangles of various sizes ; triangles on network pattern generally arranged with proportionally large triangles being interspersed within matrix of smaller triangles ; edge of filament channel on shoulder marked with large , triangular reddish - brown flammules , arranged in separate clumps ; columella colored pale cream - white , ornamented with 15 elongated , evenly - spaced tooth - like plications , which become larger toward anterior end ; posterior section of columella smooth , without any teeth ; aperture proportionally wide , slightly arcuate , becoming wider toward anterior end ; interior of aperture pale cream - white ; lip white , thickened and callused ; protoconch exceptionally large , dome - shaped , composed of 2 broadly rounded whorls , pale cream - white in color .
type specimen : holotype : length 27 mm , width 12 mm , lacm 3274 .
type locality : collected by commercial fishermen in a tangle net , brought up from 500 m depth off balut island , sarangani group , batulaki peninsula region , mindanao province , philippines .
range : at present , known only from deep water ( 500 m depth ) in the northern celebes sea , off the southern coast of mindanao island , philippines .
etymology : named for thierry vulliet of arundel , queensland , australia , who recognized the species as new and who kindly donated the holotype for research .
we would like to thank the following for their invaluable help in gathering data and specimens for the research used in this paper : thierry vulliet , arundel , queensland , australia ; pierre recourt , egmond aan zee , the netherlands ; dennis sargent , mount dora , florida ; linda zylman , palm city , florida ; lindsey groves , los angeles county museum of natural history ; and thomas and paula honker , delray beach , florida .
petuch , e . j . 2013 . biogeography and biodiversity of western atlantic mollusks . crc press , boca raton , new york , london . 234 pp .
petuch , e . j . and d . m . sargent . 1986 . atlas of the living olives shells of the world . coastal education and research foundation , charlottesville , virginia . 253 pp .
petuch , e . j . and d . m . sargent . 2011 . rare and unusual shells of southern florida . conch republic books , mount dora , florida . 189 pp .
sargent , d . m and e . j . petuch . 2012 . a new species of oliva ( gastropoda : olivodae ) from mauritius , mascarene islands . visaya 3 ( 5 ) : 4 - 10 ( march , 2012 ) .
figure 1 . new species and subspecies of americoliva from the panamic province and the suwannean subprovince of the carolinian province .
a , b = americoliva grovesi petuch and myers , new species . holotype , length 44 mm , dredged from 128 m depth on the outer gorda bank , baja california del sur , southern gulf of california , mexico , lacm 3268 .
c , d = americoliva mcleani petuch and myers , new species . holotype , length 23 mm , dredged from 50 m depth off la libertad , guayas province , ecuador , lacm 3269 .
e , f = americoliva bollingi ( clench , 1934 ) , length 52 mm , 3 m depth on carbonate sand , off boca raton , palm beach county , florida ( for comparison with americoliva bollingi choctaw ; collection of the senior author ) .
g , h = americoliva bollingi choctaw petuch and myers , new subspecies . holotype , length 43 mm , on clean quartz sand at low tide , st . andrew sound , panama city , bay county , florida , lacm 3271 .
i = americoliva bollingi choctaw petuch and myers , new subspecies . paratype , length 44 mm , on clean quartz sand at low tide , st . andrew sound , panama city , bay county , florida , lacm 3272 .
g , h = omogymna vullieti petuch and myers , new species . holotype , length 27 mm , collected in a tangle net , from 500 m depth off balut island , sarangani group , batulaki peninsula region , mindanao province , philippines , lacm 3274 .
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rv 0914a . australia , western australia , north west cape , yardie creek ; snorkeled , depth 2 - 3 m , in sand , inside reef . scale bar is 1 cm .
it is often confused with m . irisans , and was previously synonymised with that taxon by several authors . however , it remains smaller , has a violet aperture , and a white columella .
a genus of medium - sized to large species from the western indo - pacific realm , the central indo - pacific realm and the eastern indo - pacific realm . all species are comparatively shallow water dwellers , found from the intertidal zone to depths slightly over 100 m .
rv 6966 . japan , okinawa island , s end of nago bay ; in sand .
central indo - pacific realm and eastern indo - pacific realm . five subspecies recognised . from southern philippines to coral sea . wallis and futuna . new caledonia , micronesia , marshall islands .
rv 1070 . sabah , mabul island , at low tide in sand . scale bar is 1 cm .
rv 2753a . new caledonia , north province , pouebo municipality , s of pouebo , plage de colnett , depth 6 m . scale bar is 1 cm .
rv 7218b . philippines , samar island , depth 5 m , 2014 . scale bar is 1 cm .
western indo - pacific realm . central indo - pacific realm . western coral triangle province ( philippines ) . eastern coraltriangle province ( solomon islands , se papua new guinea ) .
rv 7017 . philippines , bohol province , bohol , shallow water , february 2008 . scale bar is 1 cm .
western indo - pacific realm . western indian ocean province . central indian ocean islands province . aldabra . comores . seychelles . mauritius . réunion . chagos archipelago .
rv 6951a - b . solomon islands , guadalcanal , on sand flats at night . scale bar is 1 cm
petuch & meyers ( 2014 ) considered oliva lamberti jousseaume , 1884 , and oliva erythrostoma var . efasciata dautzenberg , 1927 , to be valid species . this view is not supported here ; the two are considered to belong to the same species , with several , ill - defined , subspecies recognised here for convenience ( distribution data mainly after petuch & meyers , op cit . ) :
central indo - pacific realm . northeast australian shelf province . queensland , australia . tropical southwestern pacific province . coral sea , new caledonia , chesterfield islands , diamond isles , loyalty islands . apparently also in the southern philippines ( western coral triangle province ) .
rv 3128 . new caledonia , south province , noumea municipality , signal island [ ilot signal ] . scale bar is 1 cm .
central indo - pacific realm . tropical northwestern pacific province . caroline islands . eastern indo - pacific realm . marshall , gilbert , and ellis islands province ( kwajalein and eniwetok atolls ) .
rv 1383 . marshall islands , kwajalein atoll ; lagoon . dredgings , 1950 ' s . scale bar is 1 cm .
central indo - pacific realm . tropical southwestern pacific province . wallis & futuna islands , fiji , vanuatu , and the santa cruz islands
holotype mnhn - im - 2000 - 27480 . wallis and futuna , uvea island , ioff tepako point , n sand , 3 m depth off tepako point .
central indo - pacific realm . tropical southwestern pacific province . tonga . eastern indo - pacific realm . southeast polynesia province . tuamotus , society islands . central polynesia province . line islands , cook islands . marquesas province . marquesas .
eastern indo - pacific realm . marshall , gilbert , and ellis islands province . kiribati and tuvalu .