cetti 's warbler / ˈtʃɛti / , cettia cetti , is an old world warbler .

it is a small , brown bush-warbler which breeds in southern and central europe , north-west africa and east southern temperate asia as far as afghanistan and north-west pakistan .

the bird is named after the 18th century italian zoologist , francesco cetti .

this species is very difficult to see because of its skulking habits .

cetti ' s warbler

grasshopper warbler , cetti ' s warbler in england . . . and other loud stuff
bill oddie presents the cetti ' s warbler . until the 1960s , cetti ' s warblers were unknown in the uk
this is a typical encounter with britain ' s loudest and most enigmatic songbird : cetti ' s warbler .
since 1961 , when it first arrived in britain from continental europe , cetti ' s warbler has done rather well . illustration : george boorujy
the cetti’s warbler of nominate race is mainly sedentary , but it may perform partial and altitudinal movements . the race “orientalis” also performs altitudinal movements . the race “albiventris” is mainly migratory and moves s to winter , reaching s iran , afghanistan and nw indian subcontinent .
the cetti’s warbler is well - adapted to its life in dense vegetation with combination of short , rounded wings and tail . the bird moves rapidly into the thick vegetal cover .
the cetti ' s warbler has moved 150 km further north within the uk in the past 40 years , in response to the changing climate . photograph : george reszeter / alamy
querytime : 0 . 0576 s , querycount : 811 , parsetime : 0 . 7032 s , totaltime : 0 . 7608 s , source : database
protection / threats / status : the cetti’s warbler has large range where it is relatively common . the global population was estimated in 2004 , at about 3 , 670 , 000 / 19 , 200 , 000 individuals . it is suspected to be increasing with an expansion to north in the west of the range . the cetti’s warbler is currently evaluated as least concern .
for cetti ' s warbler is a recent arrival from continental europe – the avian equivalent of a migrant worker – which wasn ' t seen here until the year after my birth , 1961 .
cetti ' s warbler in a typical wren like posture , note the prominent eye strip , red - brown upper - parts , along with a much darker tail . cetti ' s warblers most often present as a fleeting glimpse of a very dark brown little bird with a cocked tail low down in the vegetation .
side view showing cetti ' s rather stocky looking proportions . note the wings down posture , pink legs and dark flanks .
introduction : the cetti’s warbler is a species living in wet areas with dense vegetation . its presence is often revealed by the loud , explosive bursts of song coming from the dense waterside undergrowth , but the bird is usually well - hidden and rarely seen . the name of this old world warbler pays tribute to the 18th century italian zoologist francesco cetti .
subspecies and range : the cetti’s warbler has three recognized subspecies . c . c . cetti ( described and displayed ) is found in w europe and n coast of mediterranean , throughout greece and much of s balkans , e to w and nw black sea coast . it also occurs in nw africa ( morocco e to tunisia ) .
named after an 18th century italian zoologist , the resident cetti ' s warbler is badly hit in severe winters . a combination of heavy snow and low temperatures has interrupted the spread of european population more than once .
the distribution of cetti ' s warbler is irregular . in kazakhstan it breeds in north - west and south - east parts of republic . the detailed distribution in kazakhstan please see in the chapter
subspecies
.
after much deliberation over the circumstances and the substantiating evidence it was decided that there was insufficient proof for this record to merit being accepted as the first and only irish record . accordingly cetti ' s warbler has now been removed from the irish list .
a small , rather nondescript bird , cetti ' s warbler ( pronounced chetty ) is a skulking bird and can prove very difficult to see . it usually makes its presence known with loud bursts of song and the first glimpse will probably be of a dark , rather stocky warbler with short wings and a full , rounded tail , diving for cover .
since then , though , cetti ' s warbler has done rather well . by the mid - 1970s it was firmly established in the stour valley in east kent , and i remember hearing dozens of them when i first visited the famous nature reserve at stodmarsh .
cetti ' s warbler is not alone – the little egret has now colonised britain , which had previously been too cold for the bird ; and the comma butterfly can now be found in edinburgh , at least 220 kilometres north of its former central england home .
they had colonised the area so rapidly that at the time were considered the third commonest warbler there .
perhaps surprisingly , at the turn of the century cetti ' s was almost confined in europe to the mediterranean . yet this ever - restless and highly secretive warbler has made rapid northward advances through france , reaching the northern coast of brittany and the channel isles in 1960 .
the yare valley colony of cetti ' s warblers , centred on the royal society for the protection of birds ' strumpshaw and surlingham reserves , attracts much interest . the bird is a notorious skulker , tending to show itself only momentarily , and is as difficult to see well as a nightingale . fortunately , cetti ' s warbler balances its skulking habits with what is surely a most astonishing song - at least in loudness - among small european birds .
cetti ' s warblers generally hide in the vegetation , betraying , however , their presence with loud bursts of song which gradually decline and suddenly break off . they sometimes climb almost to the top of a bush twitching their wings and tail like a wren , sing quickly and then disappear in dense vegetation . since the beginning of the 20th century , the cetti ' s warbler has been expanding its breeding area to the north , reaching the ticino .
fortunately , cetti ' s warbler had by then managed to establish a bridgehead on this side of the channel , so clung on as a british breeding bird . since that temporary blip it has gone from strength to strength , with almost 2 , 000 pairs now breeding here .
so why are cetti ' s warblers so hard to see ; and why do they have such a loud and explosive song ? interestingly , these two things may be connected .
but this warbler is usually associated with tangled vegetation near water or with reedbeds containing alders and an undergrowth including bramble , nettle and willowherb . on occasions , when watching from a strumpshaw hide , i have glimpsed cetti ' s creeping mouse - like on the ground , continually flicking the tail downwards .
most are in southern england and east anglia , with strongholds in the norfolk broads , somerset levels and back in east kent . indeed in the recent bto bird atlas , cetti ' s warbler came top of the list of species with the greatest range expansion since the original survey in 1968 - 72 .
nocturnal song may be heard almost continuously from the early hours until shortly after dawn , recommencing , in the breeding season , 20 minutes later by the start of the day - song . many observers have heard cetti ' s but seldom actually seen them . when the population is high , cetti ' s may occupy young plantations and hedge - ringed cornfields well away from water .
while certain aspects of the two written accounts suggest that this bird might have been a cetti ' s warbler there are a number of significant anomalies in the field descriptions . the description of the bird using its bill in parrot - like fashion to assist in movement through the vegetation is certainly bizarre . the reference to the closed wings crossing before the tail would indicate that a distinctly longer winged bird than cetti ' s was involved . the description of the whitish cheeks is also incompatible with cetti ' s . close scrutiny of the descriptions reveals that critical field - marks such as head pattern , bill size , wing structure , under - parts and under - tail covert marking are not described precisely and consistently , and when they are described , the field - marks noted are often subjective and open to interpretation . many of the features noted could equally apply to a brightly coloured reed warbler acrocephalus scirpaceus as well as several other warbler species .
in 2017 update the reliable european index was produced for eastern olivaceous warbler iduna pallida for the first time . photo : radovan václav
it ' s a nice theory , but it does raise one important question : if all male cetti ' s warblers perform this trick , why are the others still fooled by it ? just one of the many questions raised by this mysterious little bird , shouting at you as you walk on by .
like all species on the rare breeding birds panel ( rbbp ) list , please add a breeding code for any cetti ' s warblers recorded in breeding habitat . for tips on what to record , please download the rbbp ' s advice on recording breeding evidence and rare breeding birds using birdtrack [ pdf ] .
cetti ' s warblers like damp areas close to wetlands . look for them at rspb reserves at radipole lake and lodmoor , dorset ; exminster marshes , devon ; marazion marsh , cornwall and strumpshaw fen , norfolk .
once heard only rarely outside the north kent marshes , the loud voice of the cetti ' s warbler is now delighting a whole new set of listeners , from the isle of anglesey to the banks of the humber . the bird has moved 150 kilometres further north within the uk in the last 40 years , in response to the changing climate .
by hiding away and singing so loudly and forcefully from different parts of its wetland territory , the male cetti ' s fools its rivals into thinking there are several males present , making the interlopers less likely to stick around .
unlike the 1968 record , the 1975 record was based on a very brief view , estimated to have been of about 30 seconds duration . this in itself should not preclude safe identification of this actually rather distinctive species ; indeed , brief views ( or no views ! ) are the norm with cetti ' s warbler which , throughout its normal range , is much more often heard than seen . documenting an observation based on such a brief view in such a way that it can establish the identification beyond all doubt is , however , an extremely challenging task . while the impression noted by the observer certainly suggests a typically fleeting encounter with a cetti ' s warbler , the lack of detail in the description and the fact that the observer had no subsequent opportunity to confirm that his impression was correct were considered grounds for uncertainty .
this schedule 1 species is one of the uk ' s most recent colonists , first breeding in kent in 1972 .
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not that its success has made it any easier to see . half a dozen cetti ' s warblers hold territory on my local patch , and yet although i hear the famous song every time i visit , months can go by without actually catching sight of one .
one example is the high brown fritillary butterfly , which in the uk might have been expected to move – along with some other butterfly species – northwards into scotland . but populations of the butterfly have declined , because its normal habitats have been lost . and while cetti ' s warbler – a small brown bird that belies its loud song – moved northwards , the cirl bunting moved south within the uk by 120km , a victim of intensified agriculture .
behaviour in the wild : the cetti’s warbler feeds mainly on invertebrates such as insects and spiders , but also aquatic invertebrates gleaned from the vegetation close to the water . snails , earthworms and molluscs are taken too and occasionally small seeds . it forages in low , thick vegetation . it moves by hopping in wren - like fashion , flicking both wings and tail through the undergrowth . it also takes invertebrates from water surface , and occasionally pursues insects in flight .
there ' s so much to see and hear at minsmere , from rare birds and otters to stunning woodland and coastal scenery .
calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the cetti’s warbler’s calls include a sharp , abrupt “chip” or “chee” , and a loud , sharp “tsuk” . the alarm call is a hard , wren - like “tett - tett - tett…” the song is given mostly by the male from a well - concealed perch . this is a far - carrying sound , an astonishingly loud , explosive outburst of abrupt notes “plit - plitiplitipliti - pliti - pliti” . this song is given from several regular perches within the breeding territory . the successive bursts of song are intermittent and rarely uttered from the same perch .
c . c . albiventris occurs in n kazakhstan e to balkhash and extreme nw china , s to turkmenistan , uzbekistan and nw afghanistan . it is non - breeding in s iran , s afghanistan and pakistan , and nw india . this race is larger than “orientalis” with paler olive - brown upperparts and whitish underparts , grey - brown flanks and dull brown undertail - coverts with pale tips .
shy , but has loud explosive song . rich rufous upperparts and prominent eye - stripe . often cocks it ' s broad rounded tail .
reproduction of this species : the breeding season occurs between april and july / august . the cetti’s warbler usually produces two broods per season . the nest is placed in low vegetation , up to 2 metres above the ground , in a thick tangle of branches , reed stems or twigs . the large cup is made with dry grass , leaves , plant fibres , reed mace and feathers and / or animal hair . the territory is maintained by the male over several following years , and extends along watercourses or sometimes in reedbeds .
large mono - dominant stands of phragmites australis harbour several rare birds in britain , and their future is threatened both by man ' s activities and hydroseral processes . a survey in 1979 and 1980 aimed to locate , map and catalogue details of all reed beds in excess of 2 ha in england and wales . 109 sites were found and their major features , causes of origin and conservation status are outlined . the distribution and habitat requirements of five rare and characteristic breeding birds ( bittern , marsh barrier , bearded tit , savi ' s warbler and cetti ' s warbler ) are considered , and other ornithological features outlined . in discussion , the loss of commercial beds and the recent origin of most present day sites is emphasised . a satisfactory number receive some protection as nature reserves , but the scale and cost of the management to improve or merely to maintain them may not yet be fully appreciated . management should , however , be able to sustain or enlarge populations of birds typically associated with this habitat and there is little reason why new reed beds should not be created .
yet just 10 years later , following two hard winters in a row , they had completely disappeared from kent : as one of our few resident and sedentary species of warbler , they are especially vulnerable to winter freeze - ups .
habitat : the cetti’s warbler frequents wet areas with thick vegetation , patches of willows , brambles or blackthorn , bushes and reeds , close to lakes , rivers , marshes , streams and ditches . it is usually hidden in dense , low scrub close to the water and along the edges of small woods with thick understorey . the non - breeding areas are wet or dry scrubs of plains , foothills and valley bottoms , and orchards , palm groves and usually dense cover near water . this species breeds up to 1450 metres in spain , and was recorded up to 2450 metres on passage in tien shan .
cetti ' s warblers have undergone a huge range expansion over the last 3 decades , only slightly put back by the recent sequence of cold winters . the indications are that since then , numbers are increasing again , with perhaps more than 2 , 000 territories in southern britain . however , where they are now commonplace , some key sites are not receiving regular counts , leading to underestimates of numbers .
from the depths of a thick patch of cover , there is quite literally an explosion of clear , penetrating notes . each performance lasts a few seconds , ceases as abruptly as it begins and may not be repeated for several minutes . in addition to singing in spring from dawn to dusk , ever - industrious male cetti ' s also perform at night , possibly advertising vacant space in their territories for more hens .
a moth that was found to have moved 67 metres uphill on mount kinabalu in borneo showed that vast changes to the climatic system are borne out in the beating of an insect ' s wing .
notes : the cetti ' s can be an extraordinary difficult bird to see . the birds song is very distinctive and loud but it tends to sing then move immediately in thick vegetation , only very rarely does it appear in the open , affording a good view . most often the watcher gets a brief view of a dark little brown bird with a cocked tail moving in the shadows of foliage . the male and female birds are virtually identical .
cetti ' s warblers were first recorded in britain as recently as 1961 . colonisation , which began in kent in 1972 or 1973 , continues to be monitored annually by rbbp . numbers and breeding range increased spectacularly during the first 12 years , with norfolk and dorset gradually overtaking kent as the main host counties ( gibbons et al . 1993 , wotton et al . 1998 ) . severe winters after 1978 led to the temporary extinction of the kent population in 1988 . populations in milder regions continued to grow , but overall the uk population fell by over a third between 1984 and 1986 . in the absence of severe winters since 1986 , increase and range expansion have continued . the first breeding records north of the humber were made in 2006 ( holling & rbbp 2009 ) . much constant - effort ringing takes place in prime cetti ' s warbler habitat ; despite the comparative rarity of this species , therefore , ces population and productivity indices are already available ( robinson et al . 2007 ) . ces data confirm the species ' sensitivity to cold winters , which appears to have become more evident as the breeding range has expanded into more testing climates . numbers have risen steeply across europe since 1990 ( pecbms 2010 ) .
publication of new european species trends and common bird indicators european species population trends and indices have been produced for the time period 1980–2015 . a reliable european index was produced for 170 species . in 2017 , we have added one new species , eastern olivaceous warbler iduna pallida , to the list of european common birds .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : cettia cetti . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
cramp , s . and simmons , k . e . l . ( eds ) . 1977 - 1994 . handbook of the birds of europe , the middle east and africa . the birds of the western palearctic . oxford university press , oxford .
the cetti ' s warbler is less than sparrow . the upperparts are olive - brown ; underparts are brownish , abdomen is dirty - white . it resembles reed warblers by the image and behavior , but has more heavy constitution and the broad rounded tail which often is cocked . it is distinguished from the nightingale by the broad tail and expressed but not bright supercilium . the bill is rosy - brownish , the base of lower mandible is yellow . both sexes are similar . the autumn fresh plumage is same but upperparts are brighter , more buffy ; underparts are greyer . juveniles are similar on adults but the first plumage is softer with slightly expressed light mottles on upperparts ; the flanks of the upper mandible are yellow ( on adults upper mandible is all dark ) . the wings form : first primary is broad and long , longer than coverts more than 10 mm ; the 4th and 5th primaries are longest of all . weigh 11 - 19 grams , length about 14 , wing 5 , 9 - 6 , 9 , wingspan 15 - 19 mm .
the adult is a stocky warbler with mostly short , rounded wings and tail . the nominate race has warm rufous - brown upperparts , but flight feathers and tail are browner . the rectrices show rufous - brown outer edges . the underparts are white to pale grey with brownish tinge on sides of breast , and reddish - brown wash on flanks and undertail - coverts , the latter with narrow whitish tips .
sudfeldt , c . , dröschmeister , r . , wahl , j . , berlin , k . , gottschalk , t . , grüneberg , c . , mitschke , a . , and s . trautmann ( 2012 ) : vogelmonitoring in deutschland . programme und anwendungen . naturschutz und biologische vielfalt 119 . 257p .
sudfeldt , c . , dröschmeister , r . , wahl , j . , berlin , k . , gottschalk , t . , grüneberg , c . , mitschke , a . , and s . trautmann ( 2012 ) : vogelmonitoring in deutschland . programme und anwendungen . naturschutz und biologische vielfalt 119 : 189 - 196 .
this is known as the
beau geste hypothesis
, after the eponymous hero of pc wren ' s 1924 novel . as the last man standing , and with his fort under siege , beau geste fooled the enemy into thinking there were more men defending it than just him , by firing guns from several different positions .
this report should be cited as : baillie , s . r . , marchant , j . h . , leech , d . i . , renwick , a . r . , joys , a . c . , noble , d . g . , barimore , c . , conway , g . j . , downie , i . s . , risely , k . & robinson , r . a . ( 2010 ) . breeding birds in the wider countryside : their conservation status 2010 . bto research report no . 565 . bto , thetford . urltoken pages maintained by iain downie , mandy t andrews and laura smith : last updated 05 . 10 . 2010
the cetti ' s warbler is common , in places rare breeding migrant . it inhabits the bush thickets on shores of steppe rivers , lakes and ponds ; riparian forests ; reed beds with shrubs ; on plains and in foothills up to 750 m . on migration it occurs in same places , and very rare in forest - belts . it arrives early , in march – early april . birds all the time keep in the dense bushes and reeds ; more often it is possible to see only the dark bird has flashed in thickets . it is very mobile . breeds in separate pairs . nest is built in the bush or on the ground in dense thickets ; from the grass , leaves , rootlets and is lined with thin grass and rare with some hair and feathers . most often the bulky cup - shaped nest is unavailable . the nest is not attached to branches and stalks , but only leans to them . clutches of 4 - 5 eggs is in may – early june . the eggs are rusty - reddish . a brood of fledglings observed in mid - june . the nestlings leave the nest not being able to fly , but well climbing onto the branches and the vertical stalks of grasses . male stops to sing in end july – mid - august . autumn migration is late , latest birds recorded in late november .
previous studies have also found that climate change could represent a serious extinction risk to at least a tenth of the world ' s species . thomas said :
realisation of how fast species are moving because of climate change indicates that many species may indeed be heading rapidly towards extinction , where climatic conditions are deteriorating . on the other hand , other species are moving to new areas where the climate has become suitable , so there will be some winners as well as many losers .
the national farmland bird indicators produced by pecbms to contribute to eu´s structural indicators and indicators of sustainable development , are based on pecbms european species classification . countries however also produce their own bird indicators , designed for other policy purposes . for example , eu countries produce farmland bird indicators for ec regulation on rural development plans ( no 1698 / 2005 ) . such national indicators can be based on a species classification system developed for that particular purpose and can therefore , in some cases , differ a bit from those on the eurostat website . when interpreting an indicator , one should always pay attention to the purpose for which it is designed .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
in europe , the breeding population is estimated to number 2 , 020 , 000 - 3 , 190 , 000 pairs , which equates to 4 , 050 , 000 - 6 , 380 , 000 mature individuals ( birdlife international 2015 ) . europe forms c . 35 % of the global range , so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 11 , 570 , 000 - 18 , 230 , 000 mature individuals , although further validation of this estimate is needed . trend justification : the population is suspected to be increasing due to a northward range expansion in the west of its range . in europe , trends between 1989 and 2013 show that populations have undergone a moderate increase ( ebcc 2015 ) .
this species favours swampy lowland areas with thick cover of reeds and sparse bushes ( rarely in uniform reedbeds standing in water ) , willows ( salix ) , and brambles ( rubus ) or blackthorn ( prunus spinosa ) . it is also found in overgrown ditches and streams with thick tangles of cover , areas of damp meadows , tall grass stands , hedgerows and overgrown orchards . in non - breeding areas , occurs in variably wet or dry scrub of plains , foothills , valley bottoms , bramble patches , overgrown orchards , and dense cover near water , marshes , swamps and reeds ( clement 2006 ) . breeding occurs mainly from mid - april to july / august . it lays two to four eggs . the nest is a large untidy cup of leaves , dry grass , plant fibres , feathers , animal hair and reed mace ( typha ) . it can be sited up to two metres from the ground in a thick tangle of vegetation , among the twigs or thin branches of a bush or stems of reeds or nettles ( urtica ) ( clement 2006 ) . it feeds mainly on insects but also takes other invertebrates . the species varies from sedentary to migratory in different parts of its range ( snow and perrins 1998 ) .
particularly in the north - west of its range , it is susceptible to severe cold winters ( hagemeijer and blair 1997 , robinson et al . 2007 ) .
conservation actions underway cms appendix ii . bern convention appendix ii . there are currently no known conservation measures for this species within europe . conservation actions proposed no conservation measures are currently needed for this species within europe .
( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t22714445a111073290 .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be increasing , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
a job holder will be responsible for the core activities of the project as well as for the grant supporting the core pecbms activities . a successful candidate will have a chance to participate in important international projects linking science , nature conservation and policy at european level , to develop his / her career further in friendly environment of czech society for ornithology and its partners in europe .
note : the programme from 2011 on completely replaces the former „common bird census“ which started 1989 and ended in 2010 .
contact : malte busch , dachverband deutscher avifaunisten e . v . , an den speichern 6 , d - 48157 münster , germany , email : busch @ urltoken
note : the german rare breeding bird survey coordinated by the federation of german avifaunists started in 1977 with six species . since than species set continuously expanded . after 1990 the german rare breeding bird survey was combined with the monitoring programmes of the former german democratic republic .
contact : martin flade , landesamt für umwelt , gesundheit und verbraucherschutz brandenburg , leiter referat gr 3 biosphärenreservat schorfheide - chorin / naturparke , nord hoher steinweg 5 - 6 d , 16278 angermünde germany , e - mail : martin . flade @ urltoken
indicator „species diversity and landscape quality“ ( federal agency for nature conservation ) , including sub - indicators for different habitats ( farmland , forests , settlements , inland waters , coastal / sea and alps ) .
the indicator „species diversity and landscape quality“ forms part of the national sustainability strategy , the national strategy on biological diversity and related indicator based assessment reports .
flade , m . , grüneberg , c . , sudfeldt , c . & wahl , j . ( 2008 ) : birds and biodiversity in germany – 2010 target . dda , nabu , drv , do - g , münster .
this report summarizes the activities of the pan - european common bird monitoring scheme ( pecbms ) between july 2017 and june 2018 , mostly under the european commission grant “towards new generation of wild birds indicators” .
the species indices were used for computation of european wild bird indicators , for the same time period 1980 – 2015 . the indicators are computed for europe and its regions ( west , north , central & east and south europe ) , and eu , new and old eu states for common farmland , common forest , and all common birds . the european species indices and common bird indicators have been published at the website in november 2017 . altogether , 28 countries provided their data for this update .
trim in r the program trim , trends and indices for monitoring data , a program used to determine species population trends , was rebuilt by statistics netherlands as a package for the freely available and widely used open source program r . rtrim contains the same methods and models for nature monitoring data as the original versions of trim . it can work with the same input data and produces the same output data , but as a package in r it can easily be integrated in other r programming processes . also , a shell for rtrim has been developed by statistics netherlands , which makes it easier to process large batches of species with specific model parameters at once .
pecbms publications in january we have published a new leaflet called “state of common european breeding birds 2017” . in a concise form it introduces the population trends of 170 common european breeding birds from 28 countries , for the time period 1980–2015 . it also shows the three european wild bird indicators for common farmland , common forest and all common species . we chose to highlight the greenfinch on this leaflet as an example of a species which is stable on european scale , but has highly contrasting trends in the european regions . the leaflet is downloadable in pdf via the website and has also been distributed in our network .
an oral presentation was given by petr vorisek at the first russian ornithological congress in february 2018 , which was followed up by useful discussions on the development of common bird monitoring in russia .
use of pecbms outputs in policy the 2017 update of the eu indicators has been sent eurostat in march , to be published on their website . the european and eu indicators until 2015 were also used for the update of the sebi indicators at the eea website .
collection of national species indices regular collection of updated national species population trends and indices has started in may 2017 , a request for the data until 2016 has been sent to the coordinators of national and sub - national monitoring schemes . we have asked for data on the same 170 common bird species for which we produced a european index in 2017 . the next update of european species trends and common bird indicators is planned to be published in the autumn 2018 . in addition to the regular request for national species indices , we have asked the national coordinators for an update of site - level data , to be used for research purposes , both internally within pecbms and in cooperation with external researchers .
maintain and update network of cooperating organizations and individuals we maintain an extensive network of cooperating organisations and individuals across europe . we currently have 158 contacts from 47 countries or territories in our mailing list , including coordinators of national monitoring schemes , ebcc national delegates and birdlife partner organisations as well as policy people and decision makers .
new website and newsletter we are preparing a new and improved pecbms website . the structure and overall layout of the site has been transformed to be more attractive , up to date and user friendly . the new website is scheduled to be online during the summer 2018 . also , we have developed a new electronic newsletter , produced on behalf of the ebcc and informing on related projects ebba2 and ebp , too .
this new , quarterly newsletter has been sent out to our network already three times and was received positively . it is based on the outputs of a previous survey called “help to improved pecbms publication strategy” which we have spread in 2014 among 321 respondents . most of them preferred to be informed regularly in the form of an e - mail newsletter .
this new version of the viewer has been updated with 40 million new bird records collected in 2016 and now shows animated all - year round maps of 105 bird species for a period of seven years , ensuring that the ebp maintains its position as the largest and most dynamic citizen science biodiversity data flow in europe .
all supra - national projects coordinated by ebcc , especially ebba2 , eurobirdportal and pecbms , require binding decisions on the taxonomy and nomenclature employed for the birds . this demands a classification system that is standardized , trustworthy and globally accepted , and is also likely to stand the test of time . since the publication of the first european bird atlas in 1997 , many new insights on species - and higher - level taxonomic relationships have emerged , making a change of the species list necessary . after an information gathering process , the board had to decide on one of the two classification systems that appeared most transparent and robust in their taxonomic decisions ( ioc and birdlife / hbw ) .
the latest data on european common birds , brought together by the pan - european common bird monitoring scheme ( pecbms ) , shows a continued decline of european farmland birds . while the common forest birds are more or less stable over the last 10 - 15 years , the farmland birds show a staggering decline of 55 % since 1980 .
learn more about pecbms european species classification in methods , chapter 3 . , multispecies indicators .
the indicator values in early years are different between indicator updates . does it mean that the indicator is not robust and credible ?
these differences arise because the species population indices at national and supranational levels are recalculated each year again for the full time series . in addition , as national schemes increase their capacities to analyze old data ( e . g . data not computerized before ) , new data from early years become available in some cases and this can influence the index values too . when index values change , the multispecies indicator values also change . these changes are however small and they are of minor importance because the interpretation of indicator values should focus on long - term trends .
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bto home | jncc home © british trust for ornithology . charity no 216652 ( england and wales ) . charity no sc039193 ( scotland ) company limited by guarantee no 357284 ( england and wales ) . registered office : the nunnery , thetford , norfolk ip24 2pu , uk . terms and conditions | privacy statement email :
rare but increasing resident to southern england and southern wales . populations badly hit by servere winters .
then the species suffered a population crash following the severe 1986 / 87 winter , almost disappearing from the camargue . england ( hampshire and sussex ) and germany were both reached in 1961 , belgium in 1962 and holland in 1968 .
i llustrations by dave nurney from - the pocket guide to the birds of britain and north - west europe by chris kightley and steve madge © pica press and reproduced with kind permission .
visitors to manchester city centre have just two weeks left to get up close to the cities’ popular pair of peregrine falcons .
the rspb wants to bring back the colour to the roadsides of east riding by returning verges to their former glory .
find out how you can help the birds in your garden in this summer heat .
a small , dark goose - the same size as a mallard . it has a black head and neck and grey - brown back .
a nocturnal bird that can be seen hawking for food at dusk and dawn .
male ring ouzels are particularly distinctive with their black plumage with a pale wing panel and striking white breast band .
this is a delightful oak woodland to walk through – especially in spring and early summer .
nature is an adventure waiting to be had . get out , get busy and get wild !
explore the little pools of amazing sea life that are left by the tide on the rocks around our coast .
* this map is intended as a guide . it shows general distribution rather than detailed , localised populations .
you can give nature the space it needs to survive and thrive . . .
the rspb is a member of birdlife international . find out more about the partnership
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tascam dr05 - parabole wildtronics preamplified 48khz 24 bits . amplified and bass filter by audacity . 34 - lattes , réserve du méjean , le 18 mai 2017 . montage de trois chants , les deux premiers du même individu
singing bird in reedbed alongside edge of small water course ; not seen but young juvenile seen closely in same area at same time .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
tweet of the day is a series of fascinating stories about our british birds inspired by their calls and songs .
but on the continent they were common in marshy areas , especially dense scrub and the edge of reed - beds and ditches . they first bred in these habitats in south - east england in the early 1970s and by the end of the century their loud and sudden song - bursts were startling people from southern england and south wales and northwards as far as yorkshire .
five stories of birds and birdsong are told by the people inspired by them .
birdtrack is organised by the bto for the bto , rspb , birdwatch ireland , soc and wos .
registered charity number 216652 ( england & wales ) , sc039193 ( scotland ) .
he sound hits you with all the subtlety of a runaway train – an impossibly loud series of notes , as if someone is shouting to attract your attention . you scan the bramble bushes , expecting to see the bird proclaiming its song to the world . yet all you see is … nothing .
named after an 18th century italian ornithologist , and with such a bizarre song , the bird doesn ' t sound as if it really belongs here – and in some ways it doesn ' t .
if i do , it is usually a quick flash of deep chestnut and a flick of its tail as the bird rapidly disappears into dense foliage ; a tail , incidentally , which has only 10 feathers , making it unique among british songbirds ( all the others have 12 ) .
© 2018 guardian news and media limited or its affiliated companies . all rights reserved .
distribution : a rare resident breeder in localised parts of southern england , more common as a resident in spain , portugal and italy .
habitat : reed beds , marsh and dense vegetation near water . feeds extensively at ground level .
the bar on the top line indicates during which seasons the species can be observed regularly in switzerland . there can be great seasonal fluctuations of numbers . the middle bar indicates the typical migration seasons of a species . the bottom bar indicates the period during which the species normally breeds . as a rule it spans the period from egg - laying to fledging of the young .
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the complete book of british birds – written by “royal society for the protection of birds” experts - préface de magnus magnusson - michael cady - rob hume editors - isbn : 0749509112 the handbook of bird identification for europe and the western palearctic by mark beaman , steve madge - c . helm - isbn : 0713639601
on the head , forehead , crown and nape are rufous - brown . we can see a narrow , white to pale grey supercilium fading on the ear - coverts . lores and eye stripe are dark . there is a thin , whitish , broken eyering . cheeks and ear - coverts are grey - brown .
the short , pointed bill is dark brown to blackish , with pinkish base of lower mandible . the eyes are dark brown . legs and feet are pale brown to pinkish .
male and female have similar plumage , but the male is 25 - 30 % heavier than the female . the juvenile is duller than adults .
c . c . orientalis ( displayed ) is found in crimea and turkey , e to iraq , n iran and n afghanistan . this race has less rufous upperparts than nominate , more olive - grey . the underparts are whiter and the supercilium is slightly more conspicuous .
during the breeding season , they are frequently polygamous as the pair - bonds are not strong . the male sings and calls in courtship , and the female utters soft notes in response . then , she rapidly flicks wings and tail while adopting a submissive posture . the male joins her and continues to sing and call . one minute later , both birds move off and perform chase - displays , often during more than five minutes through the dense vegetation in their territory .
the female lays 2 - 4 brick - red eggs and incubates alone during 16 - 17 days . the chicks are fed on invertebrates by the female , mainly insects . they fledge about two weeks after hatching . they are fed by both parents for 15 days after fledging . the male defends the territory and the nest - site , while the female raises the chicks .
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description . the upper parts and grey flanks are darker than on albiventris . the crown is rusty - brown , more dark ; the grey tinge on the neck flanks is less than on albiventris . distribution . breeds from the valley of middle current of ural ; eastward to naurzum reserve , astana and nura river valley at rozhdestvenka settlement ; in the north to malyy aksuat lake ; in the south to lower irgiz river and taldy - manak river ( inflow of sarysu ) . on migration occurs to south .
description . the upper parts and grey flanks are lighter than on orientalis . the crown is greyish - brown , more light ; the grey tinge on the neck flanks is more expressed than on orientalis . distribution . breeds and occurs on migration in the south half of kazakhstan from the mouth of syrdarya river up to zaysan depression , in north up to telekol lakes , chu valley , ust - kamenogorsk area and foothills of southern altai . in 2001 the male songs recorded in eastern part of kazakh upland , near zharma village ; on western part of kalbinskiy altai ; and in upper course of bukhtarma river . in winter the quiet songs were heard on chushkakol lake ( 3 february 2004 ) and at karachengel ( 10 february 2004 ) .
gavrilov e . i . , gavrilov a . e .
the birds of kazakhstan
. almaty , 2005 . э . и . гаврилов .
фауна и распространение птиц казахстана
. алматы , 1999 . в . к . рябицев .
птицы урала , приуралья и западной сибири
. екатеринбург , изд - во уральского университета , 2000 .
all rights to materials published on site ( photos , videos , articles ) are owned by authors . to use materials please contact the author .
impenetrable undergrowth on the banks of rivers and the coast , as well as at the edge of swamps .
the first record concerns a bird seen at west bog , cape clear island on 24th august 1968 . the descriptions were published in full in the cape clear bird report no . 10 ( 1968 ) pp . 41 - 42 .
the unanimous view of the irbc was that there was insufficient evidence to justify the retention of this record .
the second record concerns a bird seen at the rising sun , cape clear island on 8th october 1975 . the description was published in full in the irish bird report 1975 p . 30 .
given the decision to reject the 1968 record ( see above ) , the 1975 record would now become the first ( and only ) irish record of this species . like all potential first irish records , a very critical stance had to be taken in the review and assessment of this record .


benson 's rock thrush ( monticola sharpei bensoni ) is a songbird in the family muscicapidae , formerly placed in the turdidae together with the other chats .

it is usually included in the forest rock thrush ( m. sharpei ) as a subspecies ; e.g. birdlife international revised its status to subspecies in 2008 . , however it was recognized as a distinct species at one time .

this bird is endemic to madagascar .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland .

it is becoming rare due to habitat loss ; when it was still considered a good species , it was classified as near threatened by the iucn .

benson ' s rock thrush

nobody uploaded videos for benson ' s rock - thrush ( monticola bensoni ) yet .
nobody uploaded photographs for benson ' s rock - thrush ( monticola bensoni ) yet .
nobody uploaded sound recordings for benson ' s rock - thrush ( monticola bensoni ) yet .
the forest rock thrush ( monticola sharpei ) is a songbird in the family muscicapidae , formerly placed in the turdidae together with the other chats . it formerly included benson ' s rock thrush and amber mountain rock thrush as subspecies . . . .
the 127 madagascar birds featured on its new cd include threatened species such as the long - tailed ground - roller and benson ' s rock thrush .
this taxon is now lumped within forest rock - thrush ( monticola sharpei ) .
there are 77 bird species living in the isalo national park , of which one is endemic to madagascar , the pseudocosyphus bensoni - benson ' s rock thrush . the following species can be observed in the reserve :
the amber mountain rock thrush ( monticola sharpei erythronotus ) is a songbird in the family muscicapidae , formerly placed in the turdidae together with the other chats . it is now usually considered a subspecies of the forest rock thrush .
langrand , o . ; goodman , s . m . 1996 . current distribution and status of benson ' s rockthrush pseudocossyphus bensoni , a madagascar endemic . ostrich 67 : 49 - 54 .
because of a variety of morphological differences and in spite of an absence of genetic distinctiveness . as the forest rock thrush and
benson ' s rock - thrush monticola bensoni was thought to breed on the isalo massif ( secondary area s049 ) and in a few sites in the east malagasy wet forests ( eba 094 ) , dispersing to the western lowlands of the present eba in winter - but breeding populations have recently been found west to ankazoabo ( s .
the amber mountain rock thrush has been regarded as a separate species but this view is doubtful . it had been split from the
here´s a question regarding one hard - to - get journal ( at least in swedish libraries ) . . . its about the type description of : benson ' s rock - thrush ( monticola ) pseudocossyphus ( sharpei ) bensoni a k a
benson ' s robinchat
,
benson ' s forest rock - thrush
or
farkas ' s robinchat
. it was describes by tibor farkas in 1971 , in the article :
monticola bensoni , a new species from south - western madagascar , published in ostrich : journal of african ornithology , ( an thereafter it differs ) in either in 42 alt . 9 ? ( supplement 1 or 9 ? ) . . . but ( then again in concensus ) on pp : 83 - 90 . does anyone of you all
out there
have access to the proper version ?
the littoral rock thrush ( monticola imerina ) , is a species of bird in the family muscicapidae . it is endemic to madagascar .
( monticola bensoni ) there are differing views as to whether this bird is a full species ( monticola bensoni ) or whether it is a sub - species of forest rock - thrush ( monticola sharpei bensoni ) or maybe indeed conspecific with the forest rock - thrush ( monicola sharpei ) . recent dna studies tend to suggest that it is conspecific with forest rock - thrush but phyically it appears slightly darker and has reputedly a differing song . if it is a different species then it can be considered as the western form of forest rock - thrush favouring more open rocky areas .
birdlife in the area includes benson’s rock - thrush , white - throated rail , madagascar coucal , madagascar wagtail and madagascar kestrel . reptiles and frogs are numerous including : oustalet’s chameleon , jewel chameleon , spiny - tailed iguanid lizard , stump - tailed chameleon , and two locally endemic frogs , the beautifully coloured scaphiophryne gottlebei and the brownish mantidactylus corvus . plants endemic to the region include the dwarf baobab , isalo aloe , kalanchoes , pandanus and the elephant’s foot plant .
though wildlife is here not as prominent as in other parks of the country , there are still a couple of species worth to look out : ring - tailed lemurs , brown lemurs , sifakas and 14 nocturnal lemurs hide in dense vegetation along the streams . the park homes also approximately 80 species of birds ( including the rare benson’s rock - thrush
singing atop one of the chalets , and quite different to forest rock - thrush ; i can ' t believe the lumping is correct , habitat is also different and they look paler to me .
as with the other rock thrushes , the littoral rock thrush is sexually dimorphic ; the male has much more colorful plumage than the female does . he is pale gray on the head , breast , mantle and wing coverts , with dull orange underparts , gray - brown wings and a dark brown tail .
singing atop one of the chalets then song flighting , and quite different to forest rock - thrush ; i can ' t believe the lumping is correct , habitat is also different and they look paler to me .
when gustav hartlaub first described the littoral rock thrush in 1860 , he assigned it to the genus cossypha , believing it to be a robin - chat . it is monotypic , with no distinctive subspecies in its small range .
a small forest - dwelling rock - thrush . males are blue on head , mantle and upper breast , bright orange on lower breast and belly . females are brown on back , wings and tail , with paler underparts scalloped and streaked browner . the bases of the outer tail - feathers of both sexes are orange . similar spp . from benson ' s rock - thrush p . bensoni by overall more intense colours , especially the orange on the breast of the male and the darker brown back and breast - streaking of the female . hints a discreet denizen of the rainforest understorey . males are most easily detected by the song , a rather quiet
toee toee toee
or variants , often delivered from the sub - canopy .
cruaud , a . , m . j . raherilalao , e . pasquet , and s . m . goodman . 2011 . phylogeography and systematics of the malagasy rock - thrushes ( muscicapidae , monticola ) . zoologica scripta 40 : 554–566 .
endemic to madagascar , the littoral rock thrush is found only in the country ' s southern coastal region , from the onilahy river to lake anony , just to the west of tôlanaro ( formerly fort dauphin ) . it prefers euphorbia bushes and low shrubs on sandy substrate or coral rag , and is found at elevations ranging from sea level to 200 m ( 660 ft ) .
join wildlife photographer chris mattison on a unique trip , taking in the best of madagascar’s prolific wildlife . visit prime rainforests at ranomafana and andasibe and explore equally spectacular dry habitats , with incredible opportunities throughout to photograph the island’s lemurs and other charismatic endemics .
this trip idea visits a variety of madagascar’s habitats , all brimming with endemic fauna and flora . enjoy guided day and night walks in the forest to search for a multitude of species , including diademed sifaka , black and white ruffed lemur and the tiny nocturnal madame berthe’s mouse lemur .
nestling amongst rocky outcrops on the southern boundary of isalo national park , these french - owned hotels are amongst madagascar’s finest . local stone has been used to construct buildings that appear almost as extensions of the natural rock . each hotel has a pool , and offers guided walks in the park .
owner description : distinguished by a canyon and beautiful , rolling plains , the parc national de isalo is an attractive reserve of madagascar ' s land and wildlife .
the british library sound archive compiled its cd with the environment group conservation international which is heavily involved in projects aiming to conserve madagascar ' s unique biological legacy .
this is a small forest - dwelling thrush . males have blue hoods , chestnut upperparts , bright orange tail with brown central feathers and orange underparts . females are mostly brown with an orange wash on the underparts and lack the blue hood . males are distinguished from other rock - thrushes by the dark rufous back , while the females have bright orange tails and lack white streaking on the breast .
although the littoral rock thrush has a restricted range , its population appears to be stable , and the iucn lists it as a species of least concern . however , the scrub habitat which it prefers is among the most degraded in madagascar , and its population centers are largely outside of protected areas . threats included clearing of scrub for agriculture , logging for firewood , and the presence of roaming livestock .
fady ' s are not strictly taboos , they are more beliefs which signal when something is
dangerous
related to action , food , locations etc . in the isalo national park the following are fady :
goodman , s . m . ; weigt , l . a . 2002 . the generic and species relationships of the reputed endemic malagasy genus pseudocossyphus ( family turdidae ) . ostrich 73 ( 1 & 2 ) : 26 - 35 .
14 species of lemurs can be found in the park . the following lemurs are nocturnal ( active at night ) : coquerel ' s giant mouse lemur ( mirza coquereli ) , red - tailed sportive lemur ( lepilemur ruficaudatus ) , western fat - tailed dwarf lemur ( cheirogaleus medius ) and the grey mouse lemur ( microcebus murinus ) . the verreaux ' s sifaka (
propithecus verreauxi
) , ring - tailed lemur (
lemur catta
) and brown lemur (
eulemur fulvus
) are diurnal ( day active ) .
or the crested ibis ) , 35 of reptiles and several endemic frogs . the flora is indeed more interesting than the fauna . there are several local endemic plants among the 500 species which are found within isalo , such as the elephant´s foot and some rare palms and aloe species .
birdforum is the net ' s largest birding community , dedicated to wild birds and birding , and is absolutely free ! you are most welcome to register for an account , which allows you to take part in lively discussions in the forum , post your pictures in the gallery and more .
collar , n . j . ; stuart , s . n . 1985 . threatened birds of africa and related islands : the icbp / iucn red data book . international council for bird preservation , and international union for conservation of nature and natural resources , cambridge , u . k .
english - german online dictionary developed to help you share your knowledge with others . more information ! contains translations by tu chemnitz and mr honey ' s business dictionary ( german - english ) . thanks on that account ! links to this dictionary or to single translations are very welcome ! questions and answers
hawkins , a . f . a . ; thiollay , j . m . ; goodman , s . m . 1998 . the birds of the réserve spéciale d ' anjanaharibe - sud , madagascar . fieldiana zoology news series no . 90 , pp . 93 - 122 . field museum of natural history , chicago , il .
this upland massif rises sharply from the surrounding grassy plains and impressive gorges and canyons : the canyon of rats and the canyon of lemurs are highlights . woodlands are concentrated in the canyon bottoms where streams flow , and where you may , if you’re lucky , spot verreaux’s sifaka , red - fronted brown lemur or ring - tailed lemur .
our three - week comprehensive madagascar birding and wildlife tours kick off in the little - known deciduous woodlands of the northwest . here we will search for such specials as white - breasted mesite , the stunning schlegel’s asity and van dam’s vanga . endangered waterbirds we may encounter include madagascar fish - eagle , bernier’s teal and madagascar sacred ibis . we continue our tour through the bird - rich sites of perinet and mantadia national park in the eastern rainforest zone , searching for exotic birds including madagascar ibis , madagascar wood rail , red - breasted coua , velvet asity , nuthatch vanga and brown emutail . we usually succeed in obtaining scope views of all four forest ground rollers , sometimes achieved during one glorious day ! the unforgettable song of the indri drifts through these forests , and we will take time out to find a family group of these , the largest extant lemur species . our coverage of the eastern rainforests of madagascar also includes ranomafana np , where we stand a chance for golden and greater bamboo lemurs , yellow - bellied sunbird - asity and brown mesite .
the boundary of the eba includes all remaining patches of deciduous forest , which occur on various distinctive rock types , largely below 800 m , from antsiranana in the north to morombe in the south - west ; forest cover is based on satellite imagery of the vegetation taken between 1972 and 1979 , these data being simplified and interpreted by du puy and moat ( 1996 ) from faramalala ( 1988 , 1995 ) .
the north consists of a large rock barrier in the eastern part with typical rocky escarpment at its end , varying in altitude between 800 and 1 , 200 metres . the centre is formed by a vast monocline plateau , about 600 to 700 metres above sea level , which greatly reduces the lowering to the amboloando river . the eastern part is a low plateau of 600 to 700 metres above sea level , descenting to the malio river .
this species is endemic to the forests of madagascar . there are two subspecies : m . s . sharpei occurs in the sambirano region of the north - west and relict forests of the high plateau ( langrand 1990 ) , whilst m . s . bensoni ( formerly considered a separate species ) has a relatively broad range in south - central and south - western madagascar ( langrand and goodman 1996 ) . populations are found in numerous protected areas : ambatovaky special reserve , andohahela national park , andringitra national park , anjanaharibe - south special reserve , ankeniheny classified forest , betampona natural reserve , bezavona classified forest , haute rantabe classified forest , kalambatritra special reserve , mangerivola special reserve , mantadia national park , marojejy national park , marotandrano special reserve , masoala national park , mindongy - south national park , onive classified forest , ramanofana national park , tsaratanana natural reserve , vondrozo classified forest , zahamena national park , isalo national park and zombitse - vohibasia national park ( langrand and goodman 1996 , zicoma 1999 ) . in 1994 the population density of m . s . sharpei was estimated at 94 - 216 singing birds per km2 in ajanaharibe - sud between 1 , 260 m and 1 , 950 m ( hawkins et al . 1998 ) , and in 1995 at 38 - 162 singing birds per km2 in high - altitude forest at zahamena ( hawkins 1995 ) .
medium circuit , 42km by car ( 4 hours ) , thereafter a 2km trek . the malaso circuit draws its name from the zebu thieves which use the natural labyrinth of the isalo for their activities . what to see ? the car will take you to a site where pachypodium , aloe and kalanchoe grow . thereafter you will trek for one hour with the opportunity to discover the vegetation of the isalo national park . you will see the southern wall , the tsihitafototra canyon , lemurs , the isalo ranch and the boot . thereafter the trek will continue through a geological site , where you will see the tsingy of isalo in the savanna , the ampasimaiky cliffs and the wolf rock formation . from the peak at a height of 975m above sea level you will have an unlimited view over the entire park , the best place to admire the vast extent of isalo . 30km further you will be near lac andranovorinkaolo , a lake paradise for wild ducks . thereafter , cross the satrana savanna to get to the window of isalo - a natural rock formation in shape of a window through which the sunset can be seen . car 4x4 : 20 , 000 ariary ( price 2015 )
the species list above is in systematic order , the taxonomy and nomenclature of which generally follows the wells world birds list on birder ' s diary v3 . 0 ( courtesy of thayer software : urltoken ) , with adaptations by wildsounds . the wells world birds list is based on a classification created by mic wells . please note that the above list may not be in the same order or be a full and accurate representation of the species on the title concerned . we take due care to ensure the accuracy of the list , but should you find any errors , please notify us .
monticola sharpei sharpei is found in mid - altitude and montane rainforest where it is fairly common , but it is also found on the edges of forest and in open scrubby areas adjacent to high - mountain forest ( morris and hawkins 1998 , zicoma 1999 ) . m . s . bensoni inhabits semi - arid rocky country , e . g . cliffs and gorges ( langrand 1990 ) , with adjacent arborescent vegetation which may be bushy or scant , but which also includes remnant dry deciduous forests in the west of its range ( langrand and goodman 1996 ) . it appears to be able to re - colonize areas of burned ground and regenerating tree - heath philippia ( langrand and goodman 1996 ) .
combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : monticola sharpei . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
you must be logged in to view your sighting details . to register to myavibase click here .
avibase has been visited 263 , 296 , 312 times since 24 june 2003 . © denis lepage | privacy policy
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recording av # 10315 . madagascar : isalo national park , about 12 km south of ranohira ( - 22 . 6 , 45 . 3 ) recorded by frank r . lambert
madagascar : isalo national park , about 12 km south of ranohira ( - 22 . 6 , 45 . 3 )
previously published on avocet as av10354 . certainty : 100 % . id determined by : seen . gps : estimate .
previously published on avocet as av10315 . certainty : 100 % . id determined by : seen . gps : google earth . to edit : punctuation of common name
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hi björn , you struck gold , i also have this paper , i ' ll send it to you with the other two when i have your e - mail address . fred ruhe
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reminiscent of the landscape , dominated by rugged massive that rises up from the flat surrounding grassy plain , attracts hikers from the whole world that gather here to admire the sweeping colours of this jurassic scenery . the climate is dry tropical with warm temperatures all year around .
the entry fee costs ar 25 , 000 for a single day and ar 37 , 000 for two days . a guide is , as always , compulsory . due to the big affluence of tourists the guides in ranohira literarily bounce over the visitors . choosing a good qualified guide will be a difficult task . a recommendable one is jean - baptiste ( mobile : 034 44 242 37 ) .
a natural stone cave overlooks a crystal - clear waterfall , which tumbles into a deep green pool surrounded by overhanging pandanus trees . the piscine is a true oasis in the heat of the canyons . this tour is ideally combined with the canyon des singes , as the piscine offers a very welcome refreshment after a exhausting hike .
the canyon des singes ( ' canyon of monkeys ' ) is a popular hike through the dense foliage of the forest to discover ring - tailed lemurs leaping through the trees , with their faces tilted to the sunrays and the lovely sifakas , with their legs sideways along the ground in a bizarre and singularly cool dance step . a popular but thirsty excursion leads from here to the piscine naturelle along a breathtaking way of brilliantly coloured ranges . prices : the canyon circuit costs ar 20 , 000 with a car and ar 24 , 000 on foot .
the canyon and the piscine naturelle costs ar 36 , 000 or ar 45 , 000 .
a rather uneven canyon through luxuriant vegetation , a water fall and a deep swimming pool .
ar 16 , 000 with a car , ar 20 , 000 on foot . combining this trip with the priscine naturelle it would cost 32 , 000 and 36 , 000 respectively . if we include the maki canyon price will be ar 36 , 000 / ar 40 , 000 .
those equipped for trekking and camping can spend several days or longer wandering around the isalo massif , which is undoubtedly the most rewarding but time consuming way to explore this place . a guide would charge about ar 25 , 000 per day and a porter ar 10 , 000 . a recommendable two day trip would be visiting the piscine naturelle and the nymphes waterfalls with an overnight at the waterfalls campsite and making the maki canyon on the second day . if you add a third day , you can visit the rats canyon too .
a big challenge , only reserve for the very fit , is the portuguese cave . the cave is at the northern end of the park and getting there involves 4 days back and forth through the beautiful sahanafa forest with natural springs and a lot of lemurs .
isalo is accesible during all the year . it lies just next to the rn7 , the highway connecting tana with tulear . the road is one of the best of madagascar , so the journey is quite comfortable . from tana it takes around 15 hours ( 700 km ) , from tulear 4 hours ( 250 km ) . there are several daily taxi - brousse connections between tana and tulear . you just have to ask the driver to drop you out at ranohira .
for accommodation visit ranohira there are a pair of nice campsites inside the park with shared facilities and showers .
the park office is great : a lot of information , many excellent guides who speak fluently english and an interesting museum about the geology , fauna and flora of the region .
parc national isalo bp . 6 ranohira – 313 ihosy phone : + ( 261 32 ) 44 261 16 / 032 44 440 75 / 033 13 172 58 email : parc . isalo @ urltoken aronyaina @ yaho
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we took 4 days trekking in isalo park and stayed 3 nights in tents in this park . very unusual experience and i really recommend to take guide for this experience . in such way you can also know more about locals . waterfalls , natural pools , lemurs , chameleons , many nice birds , insects . incredible views and nature . during rainy season there is quite a lot rain so be prepared : ) trekking shoes are really needed for this activity .
i have no clue why this is the most visited park in madagascar . what we got to see was far less impressive than some of the roadside views to get there . we arrived the night before and were welcomed by a guide who first off told us that there were only short routes to be done . it should have been a warning to get somebody else , but we tried to get out a combination of the existing tours to see as much as possible during one day , to avoid having to pay several days of the most expensive park fees we encountered in madagascar . we did a 4h long hiking trip , as everybody in the group was fit and eager , much more so than the guide . he led us on the shortest possible route and stopped us from doing the detours we had agreed on before . when we arrived and complained about this , since you pay the guide for the whole day , we were informed that the guide gets to decide . he had just brought us to the start of the trail and walked off , leaving us to our own . you are not allowed to explore on your own in isalo - meaning we had to spend the whole afternoon waiting for the next day for a new chance . great . so , if you are here and want to see more than the most basic tour , make sure you get a firm commitment before you start out . also be aware that there is two guide offices , on both sides of the road . one has people , one detailed information on the routes . make sure to see them both before agreeing to anything . we saw the majority of madagascars parks in our weeks here , this one was the most frustrating experience , because the guide really did not want to guide us , it was pricey , and in comparison to other sights in the country , it was merely average .
i had a whole day scenic hike in this park . it was amazing . and i also had close encounters with wild lemurs . wonderful nature . wish i had more time . it also possible to camp in this area . however it was a bit expensive . would have done it if i had a group with me . totally recommend visiting this park .
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the isalo national park is part of the ranohira municipality in the ihorombe region . the park is located 279 kilometres south of fianarantsoa and 80 kilometres south of ihosy . the park is the most visited protected area in madagascar and a popular highlight when discovering the great south .
isalo national park was founded in 1962 and is administrated by madagascar national parks since 1997 . the park is situated along the rn7 , a tarred road connecting the capital of antananarivo with tulear . the road is in very good condition and accessible all year round . the route from antananarivo to ranohira , also known as the
door to isalo
, takes about 15 hours by car ( 701km ) . from tulear to ranohira is a 4 - hour drive ( 250km ) . it is also possible to travel by taxi - brousse , which leave daily from fasan’ny karana station in antananarivo , antsimo station in fianarantsoa and sanfily station in tulear .
the park spreads over an area of 81 , 540 hectares , with an average length of 59 kilometres and an average width of 22 kilometres . the perimeter of the park is 164 kilometres . the altitude varies between 514 metres and 1 , 268 metres and some of the canyons are up to 200 metres deep .
the isalo massif is a continental sandstone plateau , dating back to the jurassic times . the park features various sandy valleys and narrow canyons . strongly attacked by erosion , the rocks vary in shape and composition . the soil in the park is rich in iron and aluminium .
in the eastern part of the park , the following rivers flow from north to south : marandra , tsiombivoly , andriamanero , andranonkova and namaza ianakandrarezo , all small tributary rivers of the menamaty , a tributary river of mangoky . in the western part , the following rivers stream from north to south : sambay , amboloando , ankademoky , sakamalio , hoanga , vohibasia , andranomena and sambalahitsara analakira , all of which are small tributary rivers of malio , another tributary of the river mangoky .
the climate is tropical dry , with an annual rainfall of 800 - 1000mm in the months of december to march and an average temperature of 17°c in june and 25°c in february .
since centuries the bara people dominate the isalo region . their main activities are livestock , especially zebu , and agriculture .
39 species of reptiles can be found in the park . the snake typhlops arenarius and the skink mabuya vato are endemic .
amongst the amphibians living in the park are 2 endemic frog species : mantidactylus corvus and the malagasy rainbow frog ( scaphiophryne gottlebei ) .
carnivores : small indian civet ( viverricula indica ) , fossa ( cryptoprocta ferox ) and the malagasy civet (
fossa fossana
) .
long - tailed skink , reptile . six species of this genus are only known in madagascar , all are endemic . brown colour , neck with white dots .
bird of prey , endemic to madagascar . can be found throughout the island .
snake that can be found mostly in the southern and southwestern madagascar , especially in andranolava near mahajanga .
in the isalo national park more than 400 plant species grow . the following plants are endemic to madagascar :
bismarckia nobilis - a typical palm of the region , with the particularity to resist fire . its branches are used by the villagers for plaiting . the malagasy name for the palm is
satrana
.
this huge eroded massif extends over a large grass bed dotted with patches of forest . isalo offers a fantastic , colourful landscape , shaped by erosion , and incredible panoramas .
the south consists of a large , sandy plateau , 800 metres above sea level . the plateau is characterised by savanna , shrubs , grassland and naturally eroded sandstone hills .
the east consists of a large plateau with an altitude of 1 , 000 to 2 , 000 metres . it is largely covered by sclerophyllous plants and grassland . the plateau is cut by numerous varyingly deep canyons with more or less permanent streams . the east of this plateau is dominated by rocky cliffs , characteristic for isalo .
the west is a vast monocline plateau with an average altitude of 1 , 000 metres . it is almost entirely covered by sclerophyllous plants and large plains of grassland . in several places the plateau is cut by canyons , similar to those in the east . like the east plateau , the west plateau also ends by rocky cliffs .
the central part between the east and the west is dominated by a valley , a sequence of plains and low - lying plateau , surrounded by sclerophyllous plants and grass meadows .
the area surrounding the park in the west , east and south consists of peneplain with an average altitude of 800 metres . ( a peneplain represents the final stage of fluvial erosion in times of extended tectonic stability . ) in the west , some forest along the river beds of malio , analalava and analambia remains , forming the park boundary at this side . in the east , there is also a remnant forest along the river bed of the menamaty , but smaller in size compared to the west . the rest is dominated by a large tree and shrub savanna which occupies a large area with grass land .
the park office is located in ranohira , 3 kilometres east of the park . there you can inform yourself about the various tours , guides and their rates as well as accommodation costs . please bear in mind that the office does not open before 7am , so it is advised to obtain an entrance permit already a day in advance in order to have a full day in the park .
there are 70 guides working in the park . all speak french , as well as some english , italian and german . all guides are educated in ecology , geology , local culture and technical guidance . a noticeboard informs visitors about the specialty of each guide .
more information about the park is available at the maison de l ' isalo , an interpretation centre located in zahavola , about 9 kilometres south of ranohira along the rn7 direction tulear . the centre holds a permanent exhibition about the geology , fauna , flora and the influence by the local people . the museum is open daily from 6 . 30am to 6pm and there is no entrance fee .
the admission fee for visiting the park for foreign tourists is 65 , 000 ariary per day , children pay 25 , 000 ariary per day ( prices 2015 ) . guides are obligatory . the fee for a guide depends on the chosen tour ( circuit ) . porters cost 20 , 000 ariary a day .
the income derived from entrance fees is used to finance several microprojects in the area , such as building of schools , wells , basic hospital , market place and reforesting .
there are several circuits crossing the isalo national park . visitors can choose between easy and medium level circuits . it is possible to combine individual circuits by staying overnight at a campsite in the park .
medium circuit , 3 km by car from ranohira to mangily and thereafter 3 km trek ( 3 hours ) . what to see ? this is the most popular circuit in the park offering panoramic views . the trek leads you to a palm - fringed pool , constantly fed by a warm waterfall . you walk through diverse ecosystems passing eroded cliffs with strange shapes , the plain of tapia trees , the big savannas and several tombs of the bara and sakalava people . beside various plants , one can observe the ring - tailed lemur in the mangily forest . the nearby analatapia campsite has a toilet , shower and barbecue facilities . guide : 25 , 000 ariary , car 20 , 000 ariary , porter : 20 , 000 ariary ( prices 2015 )
easy circuit , 4km by car , thereafter 2 , 8km trek ( 3 . 5 hours ) . easy trek to the campsite , however , the ascent from the river up the waterfall or to the black swimming pool can be more strenuous . what to see ? this tour takes you through the canyon to the black or blue swimming pool . you will climb along waterfalls inhabited by many rare birds , butterflies and lizards . from the top , one has a panoramic view over the green canyon . throughout this trek you will have the possibility to spot lemurs . the highlight is a bath in the dark waters of the cascade of the nymphs . guide for the cascade of the nymphs : 20 , 000 ariary ( 2015 ) guide for the black and blue swimming pool : 20 , 000 ariary ( 2015 ) porter : 20 , 000 ariary ( 2015 )
medium circuit , first 17km by car , thereafter 1 . 7km trek ( 2 . 5 hours ) . what to see ? this circuit combines the wild nature and cultural discoveries . the trek offers panoramic views onto rice fields , incised rocks , gorges , the canyon of the makis and rats as well as the huge ihorombe plateau . the hike will take you to a former royal village , where you will see the surrounding palace wall , the royal bath , the royal tombs as well as traditional bara tombs . while hiking up the huge gorges you can discover the unique flora of the forest and observe numerous colonies of lemurs , birds , butterflies and lizards . at the end of the trek you can go for a swim in the canyon . guide for the canyon of the makis and rats ( by car ) : 25 , 000 ariary , porter : 30 , 000 ariary ( prices 2015 )
medium circuit , 3km by car and thereafter 4km on foot ( 2 . 5 hours ) . what to see ? discover the natural geological forms , for which isalo is famous :
reine de l’isalo
- the queen of isalo ,
botte
- the boot ,
loup
- the wolf ,
tsingy de l’isalo
- sharp limestone karst pinnacles . guide by car : 20 , 000 ariary , guide by foot : 25 , 000 ariary , porter : 20 , 000 ariary ( prices 2015 )
medium circuit , 29km by car ( 5 hours ) and thereafter 5km on foot . what to see ? this circuit will take you to a riparian forest where lemurs live . the trek and ends at the foot of an amazing waterfall .
medium circuit , 29km by car ( 5 hours ) and thereafter 5km on foot . what to see ? this trek along rain - loving vegetation gives you the opportunity to see orchids , birds and lemurs . the hike ends at a wonderful waterfall .
medium circuit , 20km by car ( 4 hours ) and thereafter 1km on foot . what to see ? you will cross the tapia forest , an riparian forest with palms and lemurs , to reach the green lake ( lac verte ) which is a sacred location .
hard circuit , 4 days on average . 120km on foot or 40km by car and 80km on foot . what to see ? this tour compiles all sites , fauna and flora of the park : archaeological sites ( grotte des portugais ) , unforgettable panoramas , the dry forest and the rain forest , birds and lemurs ( day as well as night active ) and the natural swimming pool . guide for natural swimming pool circuit and cascade of the nymphs circuit : 45 , 000 ariary , porter 20 , 000 ariary ( 2015 ) guide for canyon of the makis circuit and cascade of the nymphs circuit : 45 , 000 ariary , porter 20 , 000 ariary ( 2015 ) guide for cascade of the nymphs circuit and black and blue swimming pool circuit : 35 , 000 ariary , porter 20 , 000 ariary ( 2015 ) guide for canyon of the makis circuit , natural swimming pool circuit and cascade of the nymphs circuit : 65 , 000 ariary , porter 20 , 000 ariary ( 2015 )
grotte d’ihosy - an underground cave located about 9 kilometres from ranohira , easy to reach by foot or car .
bilo - a ritual of exorcism to cure the patient by removing the spirit that inhabits its host . during a 7 - day long ceremony an ox is slaughtered . the involved persons are the patient , the healer , the mahavatsy and the tiam - bilo .
turning of the dead - a 7 - day funeral ritual , at which relatives and villagers have the opportunity to speak to the deceased .
hazomanga - a sacrificial ceremony to pray to zanahary for the living and the dead . hazomanga is the name of the altar where the sacrifice takes place as well as of the person who officiates the sacrifice .
prayer - to call zanahary and the ancestors to explain the reasons for the opportunity and demand .
joro - the sacrifice , usually a cow , or in case of pregnancy rice and honey .
tsipirano - the blessing , spraying water or water mixed with blood at the joro .
the omnipresence of zebu in traditional ceremonies is a natural element in the culture of the bara people . in the past , before getting married , a young bara had to steal a zebu to prove his strength and bravery . the malaso circuit was named after the famous cattle thieves , who until today still use the natural labyrinths of the isalo for their activities . malaso literally means
cattle thief
.
68 tent sites , tents for 2 people , 5 , 000 ariary per person / night .
34 tent sites , tents for 2 people , 5 , 000 ariary per person / night .
in ranohira and along the rn7 direction south are plenty of accommodation alternatives , ranging from basic rooms to luxurious bungalows . there is also the possibility of a homestay by renting a room from a local villager .
isalo ranch ( 20 bungalows ) tel : + 261 ( 0 ) 20 2330928 email : info @ urltoken www . urltoken
this page was last modified on 23 february 2017 , at 08 : 00 .
where it occurs only on the amber mountain massif in the north of the island .
, and forages inconspicuously in the understorey and on the ground . the species nests in tree hollows or in crevices under overhangs .
as endangered because it has a very small range and its forest habitat is declining in both area and quality . the population is small and believed to be declining , albeit slowly . the total population of this species is estimated to number less than 5 , 000 individuals , which occur in a single block of forest in the
. it may be declining , although so far there has been relatively low levels of habitat loss in the area of its occurrence .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 10 / 23 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : although this species may have a restricted range , it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as locally common to fairly common , although restricted to eastern madagascar ( del hoyo et al . 2005 ) . trend justification : the population is suspected to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction .
both subspecies are threatened by habitat destruction for commercial logging and clearance for subsistence agriculture , uncontrolled sapphire mining , with concomitant increases in fire frequency , general hunting and disturbance ( a . f . a . hawkins in litt . 2000 ) .
1 . forest - > 1 . 6 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist lowland suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : yes 1 . forest - > 1 . 9 . forest - subtropical / tropical moist montane suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 3 . shrubland - > 3 . 6 . shrubland - subtropical / tropical moist suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 3 . shrubland - > 3 . 7 . shrubland - subtropical / tropical high altitude suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 4 . grassland - > 4 . 5 . grassland - subtropical / tropical dry suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 0 . root - > 6 . rocky areas ( eg . inland cliffs , mountain peaks ) suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no 14 . artificial / terrestrial - > 14 . 3 . artificial / terrestrial - plantations suitability : suitable season : resident major importance : no
2 . agriculture & aquaculture - > 2 . 1 . annual & perennial non - timber crops - > 2 . 1 . 1 . shifting agriculture
3 . energy production & mining - > 3 . 2 . mining & quarrying
5 . biological resource use - > 5 . 3 . logging & wood harvesting - > 5 . 3 . 3 . unintentional effects : ( subsistence / small scale ) [ harvest ]
5 . biological resource use - > 5 . 3 . logging & wood harvesting - > 5 . 3 . 4 . unintentional effects : ( large scale ) [ harvest ]
7 . natural system modifications - > 7 . 1 . fire & fire suppression - > 7 . 1 . 1 . increase in fire frequency / intensity
collar , n . j . 1999 . the type locality and conservation status of monticola bensoni . ostrich 70 : 151 .
iucn . 2016 . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2016 - 3 . available at : urltoken . ( accessed : 07 december 2016 ) .
langrand , o . 1990 . guide to the birds of madagascar . yale university press , new haven , usa .
morris , p . ; hawkins , f . 1998 . birds of madagascar : a photographic guide . pica press , robertsbridge , uk .
sinclair , i . ; langrand , o . 1998 . birds of the indian ocean islands : madagascar , mauritius , réunion , rodrigues , seychelles , the comoros . struik publishers ( pty ) ltd , cape town , south africa .
zicoma . 1999 . zones d ' importance pour la conservation des oiseaux a madagascar .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as locally common to fairly common , although restricted to eastern madagascar ( del hoyo et al . 2005 ) . . . .
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rarely - heard recordings of birdsong from the biodiversity hotspot of madagascar have been compiled and released by the british library .
but deforestation and destruction of other habitats is taking many towards the brink of extinction .
among the unusual calls are the drumming sounds of a madagascar snipe , the screeching alarm of the red - capped coua , and the
rattle and whistle
duet of the white - throated oxylabes .
the call of the red - shouldered vanga was recorded in 1997 on the occasion of the species ' first reported observation in the wild .
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isalo national park lies in the southwestern isalo massif , and is quite unlike anywhere else on the island . highlights include several species of lemur and two locally endemic frogs .
activities include hiking in the park with a picnic lunch , followed by a refreshing dip in one of the clear mountain pools .
isalo national park lies in the southwestern isalo massif , some three to four hours drive from toliara airport on the south - west coast .
a journey by car from ranomafana and fianarantsoa to isalo takes you through some of the most beautiful scenery in madagascar .