the northern bottlenose whale ( hyperoodon ampullatus ) is a species of bottlenose whale in the ziphiid family , and being one of two members of the genus hyperoodon .

the northern bottlenose was hunted heavily by norway and britain in the 19th and early 20th centuries .

it is one of the deepest diving mammals known , reaching depths of 1453 m ( 4767 ft ) .

northern bottlenose whale

the northern bottlenose whale forms an antitropical species pair with the southern bottlenose whale , hyperoodon planifrons .
northern bottlenose whales are the largest members of the beaked whale family ( ziphiidae ) .
at full maturity the northern bottlenose whale can measure in at over 30 ft . long .
northern bottlenose whales sometimes sport shark bite scars that look somewhat like cookie cutter impressions .
the northern bottlenose whale is a medium - sized whale . adults typically measure seven to nine metres in length . distinctive characteristics of the species include :
northern bottlenose whales prefer deep waters and rarely venture into areas that are shallower than 800 metres .
the 5 metre - long northern bottlenose whale ( hyperoodon ampullatus ) swam upstream towards the battersea area , where the whale stayed until it eventually stranded the next day .
there are no concrete numbers , but estimates place the northern bottlenose whale population at anything between 10 , 000 and 45 , 000 .
northern bottlenose whales have two teeth in their bottom jaw , but they only emerge on the males .
several research projects are being undertaken to determine whether the critical habitat should extend to the shortland and haldimand canyons , based on northern bottlenose whale movement .
the northern bottlenose whale was once abundant in the waters of the north atlantic . as was the case for many species , commercial whaling decimated several populations of this species . although hunting of the northern bottlenose whale ended in the early 1970s , this small resident population of the scotian shelf faces other threats .
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northern bottlenose whales are one of the deepest - diving mammals known , able to dive as deep as 1453 metres .
while cruising a northern bottlenose whale swims at about 5 km per hour . they can however burst up to as much as 27 km per hour for short sprints .
northern bottlenose whales are the most extensively studied of the beaked whales because the whaling industry made carcasses available for scientists to examine .
the northern bottlenose whale has been hunted on both sides of theatlantic . despite their relatively dispersed distribution and small group size , harvests were large because groups remained with injured animals , so typically a whole group was harvested if a single animal could be injured . this species was severely depleted before it was protected in 1977 . some northern bottlenose whales are still taken in traditional harvests in thefaeroe islands . northern bottlenose whales are protected insvalbard .
northern bottlenose whales produce echolocation pulses to both navigate and feed . these short sounds are high frequency clicks that last less than a second . they are produced at a frequency between 20 - 60 khz . toothed whales like northern bottlenose whales produce clicks and listen for the returning echoes to locate objects in the water . in the case of northern bottlenose whales , they are searching for gonatus ( or armhook ) squid , their preferred prey . these clicks were recorded in the gully marine protected area . this large submarine canyon is located offshore of nova scotia where northern bottlenose whales live year - round . the gully has been designated critical habitat for endangered northern bottlenose whales .
it’s not entirely clear if northern bottlenose whales are killed by other animals , though they have been spotted with scars from shark bites .
northern bottlenose whales were hunted for centuries for their spermaceti oil and for food for indigenous people . this whale was also hunted commercially in scotland , england , and norway until 1973 .
to report northern bottlenose whale incidents ( e . g . dead , entangled , or injured animals ) , please call one of the following toll - free hotlines as soon as possible :
“in our 2015 / 16 field studies we observed and sampled what appears to be a new population of northern bottlenose whales in the flemish cap area off newfoundland , straddling international waters . we also observed , heard and have been alerted to substantial seismic operations in this area , “ said dr . hal whitehead a northern bottlenose whale expert with dalhousie university .
northern bottlenose whales are deep divers , able to spend almost two hours at a time underwater , although the usual dive is only about ten minutes long .
northern bottlenose whales will form small groups to socialise with each other in small groups of 4 to 20 members . these groups are usually segregated by sex .
the northern bottlenose dolphin is known to consume a diet consisting of fish , herring , sea stars , shrimp , squid and various small aquatic invertebrate species .
evaluate the possible effects of hydrocarbon development on northern bottlenose whales , ensure that relevant mitigation measures are implemented , and continue to develop and adopt optimal practices .
please help dfo monitor northern bottlenose whales and report all sightings . remember to provide important details about your sighting , including the number and type of whales seen , the date and time , and the location , such as your latitude and longitude . when possible , please share your photos and videos as well . to report northern bottlenose whale sightings , please call
the northern bottlenose whale is known to dive to great depths to capture food . it is thought that the huge fatty forehead acts as an acoustic lens for beaming of echolocation signals and prey - stunning sound bursts .
the friendly and curious disposition of the northern bottlenose whale made it an easy target for norwegian whalers in the 19th and 20th century , with over 65 , 000 whales being killed and many more struck and lost . individuals would often remain by wounded companions , becoming targets themselves . they were targeted initially for their oil , a form of spermaceti oil that is found in their head , and later as pet food . the northern bottlenose whale is one of the most well - studied species in the family ziphiidae and forms an anti - tropical species pair with the southern bottlenose whale .
the northern bottlenose whale is a large member of the beaked whale family . their most distinguishing feature is their short dolphin - like beak that occurs just in front of their bulbous - shaped forehead . northern bottlenose whales have a north atlantic distribution . they occur from the coast of maine northward in the west atlantic and from the united kingdom northward in the east atlantic . they occur northward to the summer ice edges on both sides of the atlantic .
whaling in the 20 th century considerably reduced the size of the north atlantic populations of the northern bottlenose whale , including that of the scotian shelf . however , as the historic size of this population is not known , it is impossible to determine whether or not it has recovered from past harvests . the international whaling commission ( iwc ) designated the northern bottlenose whales as “protected” in 1977 and set a zero catch quota .
narrator :
fisheries and oceans canada presents : identifying and reporting northern bottlenose whales . dfo research scientist , dr . hilary moors - murphy , studies and monitors whales in eastern canada . she offers the following information on northern bottlenose whales and how to identify them on the water . and hilary hopes you will help monitor these whales and report all sightings .
dr . hilary moors - murphy :
northern bottlenose whales off the eastern coast of nova scotia and southern coast of newfoundland are endangered . though they resemble bottlenose dolphins , northern bottlenose whales are in fact large toothed whales , belonging to the family ziphidae , or the beaked whales . adults are 8 - 10 meters long or up to 30 feet . they have prominent , bottle - shaped beaks . their color ranges from light to dark grey to brown . they also have rounded dorsal fins about two - thirds of the way down their backs . their blow is small and bushy . northern bottlenose whale calves , or babies , tend to be darker in color . the females and younger males have rounded foreheads . older males have flat white foreheads and their foreheads get whiter with age . when northern bottlenose whales surface , their forehead and blow are seen first and then their dorsal fin . they rarely raise their flukes , or tail , when diving . like other beaked whales , northern bottlenose whales do not have a notch in the middle of their tail flukes . northern bottlenose whales tend to be found in deep water areas . submarine canyon habitats off the eastern coast of nova scotia are especially important to northern bottlenose whales . these whales are frequently found in the gully , shortland and haldimand canyons of the eastern scotian shelf ; however , they may also appear in other areas off the coasts of nova scotia and newfoundland .
where whitehead’s research fits in to date , researchers don’t have a concrete idea of the current population size of the northern bottlenose whale’s scotian shelf population or how it’s changed in the past decade . along with a research team , hal whitehead intends to track the size of the northern bottlenose whale’s scotian shelf population and monitor its distribution using mark - recapture analysis . for a six - week period in the summers of 2010 and 2011 , whitehead and his team will collect photo identifications to help garner accurate information on the whale’s numbers . they’ll also examine the whale’s distribution in the gully , as well as their behaviour .
access to quality food resources seems to be a determining element in the northern bottlenose whale’s distribution on the scotian shelf . the gully and adjacent canyons are believed to harbour an impressive quantity of prey that cause northern bottlenose whales to congregate at this location . however , any disturbance to food sources within this habitat might lead them to abandon the area , which could have a phenomenal impact on the population , as few other places seem to offer comparable feeding potential . moreover , any future commercial fishing of squid , the bottlenose whale’s main prey , would represent a new threat for these whales .
northern bottlenose whales are among the deepest - diving mammal species in the world , with dive depths often exceeding 1000 metres . the deepest dive recorded for the species was over 2300 metres .
alison shaw of the marine and freshwater conservation programme at london zoo , said the northern bottle - nosed whale was usually found in groups of three to 10 .
the 18ft ( 5m ) northern bottle - nosed whale was first spotted in the river on friday and rescuers began an attempt to save it on saturday morning .
as with other species of toothed whale these whales communicate using high - pitched sounds that vary from one whale to the next .
the canadian wildlife federation’s endangered species program is giving $ 36 , 000 to hal whitehead , a research professor of the department of biology at dalhousie university , to monitor the population size , trend and distribution of the northern bottlenose whale ( hyperoodon ampullatus ) .
the scotian shelf population of northern bottlenose whales is genetically distinct from the more northerly baffin bay - davis strait - labrador sea population , which was assessed by cosewic as special concern in 2011 .
northern bottlenose whales were heavily hunted around the early 1900s . their friendly disposition made them easy targets . they also tended to stay near other wounded whales , getting themselves caught in the process .
the 16 - 18ft ( 5m ) northern bottle - nosed whale , which is usually found in deep sea waters , has been seen as far upstream as chelsea .
the last review of northern bottlenose populations in canada suggested that there were two populations ( 1 ) the endangered scotian shelf population and ( 2 ) the special concern labrador - davis strait population . the northern bottlenose found in the gully off sable island , consists of less than 150 animals . these population units are currently divided by an arbitrary administrative boundary across the middle of the grand banks in newfoundland waters . for seismic operations in newfoundland , northern bottlenose are not a species which requires shutting down the seismic shooting when they are within 500 m , and it appears that all of the newfoundland bottlenose whales are managed as part of the northern , less threatened population . this is despite the southern areas of the grand banks being considered as part of the endangered scotian shelf population ' s range .
the gully was designated a marine protected area under the oceans act in 2004 . the scotian shelf population of northern bottlenose whales has likely benefitted from the high level of protection afforded to this core habitat area .
this mysterious whale has been called
the loneliest whale in the world
, because it sings at a pitch that no other whale does . it has been recorded calling , on and off , since 1989 .
identify the sources of noise in northern bottlenose habitat and ensure that mitigation or management measures are applied to each of these sources . study the thresholds to be used for managing underwater noise and asses their potential effects .
northern bottlenose whales , hyperoodon ampullatus , can be found from the polar ice of the north atlantic to long island sound and to the cape verde islands . they are commonly found in deep water over 1 , 000 m .
this whale washed up dead on alaska ' s st . george island in june 2014 . scientists say it is a newly discovered species of beaked whale .
dfo research scientist , dr . hilary moors - murphy , studies and monitors whales in eastern canada . she uses rare video footage and photos to show you how to identify northern bottlenose whales on the water and report your sighting .
northern bottlenose whales mature sexually at around 8 years of age . the females will give birth to a single calf every 2 or so years . the breeding season occurs between april and august , with the pregnancy lasting 12 months .
one anonymous whale reached into the homes of millions of people around the world .
northern bottlenose whales , hyperoodon ampullatus ( forster , 1770 ) , aka north atlantic bottle - nosed whales and northern bottle - nosed whales , reach up to 9 . 8 m in length , averaging 6 . 7 - 7 . 6 m between 7 - 14 years , and weigh between 5 , 800 - 7 , 500 kg . males are about 25 % larger than females . northern bottlenose whales live up to 37 years . these whales range in color from green - brown to gray with lighter gray - white markings on the body and lighter coloring on the lower part of the flanks and ventral surface .
based on stranding patterns , it is assumed that calving off south africa takes place in spring or early summer . evidence from two new zealand strandings also suggests that the southern bottlenose whale calves in spring .
little is known about the breeding habits of this species . more information is available for the northern bottlenose whale , which was exploited extensively in the north atlantic ocean up to the early 1970s . the northern species has a minimum length at sexual maturity of 6 . 0m for females and 7 . 5m for males . the gestation period is estimated as 12 months , with a lactation period of at least one year , and a calving interval of two years .
there is no population estimate available for northern bottlenose whales in the north atlantic . the northern bottlenose whale is a social species that occurs in small groups that number from a few individuals up to 20 . groups are segregated by age and sex . females appear to have a loose network of associations with other individuals , but group membership shifts a lot and most associations are brief . mature males are found in quite stable groups and individuals often remain together over a period of years . like other beaked whales , the bottlenose whale has very few teeth . males of this species possess only two conical shaped teeth located at the tip of the snout ; females have no teeth . they are exceptionally deep divers that can remain submerged for over an hour during a dive . they have been recorded to dive to depths of nearly 1 , 500 m . northern bottlenose whales are predominantly squid eaters , although they do take other prey such as sea cucumbers , fish and shrimps that occur near the bottom . killer whales probably take calves occasionally .
dfo and its partners , including academic scientists , the private sector , and other government departments , have been researching and monitoring this population for many years . this work has led to a better understanding of northern bottlenose whale vocalizations , behaviour , habitat use , and population dynamics . for example , acoustic data was collected from 2012 to 2014 at three sites located within and between the three canyons . these data will help establish baseline information about northern bottlenose whale presence and vocalizations . these data will also help determine ambient noise levels in their critical habitat areas . in addition , photo - identification has allowed scientists to track individuals and accurately determine the population size and trend .
he is a humpback whale with entirely white skin , when discovered it was the only such whale known – although there are a few other whales that are mostly white .
the southern bottlenose whale was described by william flower in 1882 from a beach - worn skull found on lewis isle in the dampier archipelago of north - western australia . this remains the most northerly record for this species .
there are considerable gaps in the knowledge of northern bottlenose whales , whether with respect to the species’ habitat , reproduction , feeding , exchanges with other populations , or mortalities . in light of these knowledge gaps , it is imperative that studies on the species’ prey , reproduction and movements be undertaken ; that photo - identification of northern bottlenose whales in the gully and the haldimand and shortland canyons be pursued ; that acoustic monitoring methods be developed ; and that a database of beached individuals ( including the results of subsequent autopsies ) be compiled .
this single whale did much to reveal the wonders of the ocean depths to vast audiences .
by pursuing photo - identification so as to be able to determine population trends with an accuracy of + / – 5 % ; by systematically monitoring any visible presence of northern bottlenose whales in their known habitat ; and by studying their distribution in zones adjacent to this habitat .
the scotian shelf population of northern bottlenose whales is small , with an estimated 143 animals . current threats to the population include ( in no particular order ) entanglement , oil and gas activities , acoustic disturbance , contaminants , changes in food supply , and vessel strikes . anthropogenic ( human - caused ) noise is of particular concern since northern bottlenose whales rely on sound to carry out their life functions , including foraging , socializing , and navigation . the deep - diving behaviour of these whales may make them especially vulnerable to physiological impacts from acoustic disturbance .
digging disasters with oil and gas companies chomping at the bit to garner more natural resources , the scotian shelf has seen an increase in shipping traffic . just five kilometres away from the gully , one such field , the primrose field , has been primed for drilling . such a close proximity to the northern bottlenose whale can harm the mammal on a number of levels .
migaloo is the real - life white whale , and was originally thought to be the animal spotted once again this week , though there is confusion as to that whale ' s identity .
the northern bottlenose whale can be found in the cooler waters of the north atlantic ocean , from new england and southern greenland in the west and from the strait of gibraltar and svalbard in the east . commercial whaling drastically reduced their numbers in previous years and although no longer the target of such large - scale hunts , the species is still taken in small drive - hunts in the faroe islands . as with other beaked whales species , the northern bottlenose whale is believed to be susceptible to the effects of loud anthropogenic noise . other threats include the ingestion of plastic bags and interactions with fisheries . it is not known whether increased strandings in recent years are related to population increases or anthropogenic factors . the iucn categorises this species as ' data deficient .
an amazing sighting of a rare white whale this week has captured the imagination of the internet .
citation :
northern bottlenose whales , hyperoodon ampullatus ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
found in the north atlantic only . in the uk it occurs in small numbers around the northern and western isles of scotland , the northern north sea and along the continental shelf break to the west of ireland . it is observed most frequently off western norway and the barents sea ( 4 ) .
northern bottlenose whales are found only in the north atlantic , from new england , usa to baffin island and southern greenland in the west and from the strait of gibraltar to svalbard in the east ( c . 38ºn to 72ºn ; mead 1989 ; gowans 2002 ) . there are reports from the mediterranean sea ( cañadas and sagarminaga 2000 ) , and some extra - limital records from the baltic sea . the best - known subpopulation of the northern bottlenose whale , the best known of all beaked whales , occurs in the waters over “the gully , ” a large submarine canyon off nova scotia , canada ( 44ºn , 59ºw ; reeves et al . 1993 ) . however , there have been strandings and at least one sighting as far south as north carolina in the western atlantic ( mead 1989 ) . the gully is the southernmost area of consistent northern bottlenose whale presence in the western atlantic ( wimmer and whitehead 2004 ) . in the eastern atlantic , bottlenose whales are occasionally observed off the azores ( steiner et al . 1998 ) , and have been seen as far south as the cape verde islands ( 15ºn ; ruud 1937 ) . the pelagic distribution extends from the ice edges south to approximately 30°n .
slip , d . j . , moore , g . j . and green , k . 1995 . stomach contents of a southern bottlenose whale , hyperoodon planifrons , stranded at heard island . marine mammal science 11 : 575 - 584 .
this map shows the critical habitat identified for the scotian shelf northern bottlenose whale . the critical habitat includes three adjacent submarine canyon areas : 1 ) zone 1 of the gully marine protected area ; 2 ) shortland canyon ; and 3 ) haldimand canyon . each critical habitat area is bounded by a specific set of coordinates . the canyons are located offshore of nova scotia along the continental shelf break .
a number of whales die every year from collisions with ships off the coast of nova scotia , but no such incident involving northern bottlenose whales has ever been reported . however , as these animals live far offshore , it is unlikely that the remains of any bottlenose whales fatally wounded in collisions with ships would be discovered ; this is therefore a potential threat that cannot be dismissed . whales with scars that may have been caused by such collisions have been observed .
this map shows the distribution of two designatable units of northern bottlenose whales in atlantic canadian waters . the distribution of the scotian shelf population includes the deep waters along the continental shelf break and slope out to the exclusive economic zone boundary and beyond , extending from the us - canada border to the grand banks off newfoundland and labrador . the distribution of the baffin bay - davis strait - labrador sea population includes the deep waters off northern newfoundland and labrador into the davis strait .
the whale has come within yards of the banks and has crashed into an empty boat causing slight bleeding .
this skull of a newly discovered species of whale shows its blowhole vestibule and its nasal and frontal bones .
this skull provided scientists evidence that the whale was smaller and had different bone structure than other beaked whales .
the blow is low and bushy and projects forwards slightly . they may be difficult to distinguish at sea from arnoux ' s beaked whales , although the beak in the latter species is much longer and the melon less pronounced than that of the southern bottlenose whale .
compared to the northern bottlenose whale , little is known about the diet of southern bottlenose whales . however , the stomach of an adult female found stranded on heard island included beaks from 15 species of squid , as well as fish eye lenses . the stomach of the specimen from ohope , new zealand contained 200 squid beaks . the stomachs of an adult male and an adult female from south africa also contained squid beaks . the squid included species from south african , antarctic , and subantarctic waters . because they lack functional teeth , they presumably capture most of their prey by suction .
the northern bottlenose whale is a large member of the beaked whale family . they are dark grey - brown in colour with lighter flanks and belly . they have some irregular , lighter spotting on the back . the dorsal fin is small , backward pointing and occurs quite far back on the body towards the fluke . their most distinguishing feature is their short dolphin - like beak that occurs just in front of their bulbous - shaped forehead . males are 8 . 5 - 9 metres long and weigh 7 , 000 - 8 , 000 kg , whereas females are smaller , being approximately 7 . 5 m long and 5 , 000 - 6 , 000 kg . the northern bottlenose whale exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism in the shape of the head . the forehead of males becomes very bulbous as they become sexually mature eventually becoming almost square whereas the forehead of females is more smoothly rounded and smaller . calves are grey with dark eye patches and a light - coloured forehead when they are born .
a whale that became stranded in the river thames has died after a massive rescue attempt to save its life .
after this extraordinary encounter , and years of press coverage around the world , the whale was not seen again .
green turtle © gonzalo araujo , lamave . org ; bottlenose dolphin © nasas - urltoken , public domain , urltoken ; southern right whale © oregon state university / flickr . com ; dugong © flickr . com ; indian yellow - nosed albatross © jj harrison ( jjharrison89 @ urltoken ) - own work , cc by - sa 3 . 0 , urltoken ; whale shark © rob stewart
as a non - migratory species , the northern bottlenose whale’s scotian shelf population spends approximately 57 per cent of its time at the entrance of the gully . the six - to nine - metre mammal is the most curious of all whales and often approaches stationary vessels . as history would have it , its innocent and inquisitive nature has gotten the whale into hot water before . between 1850 and 1973 , whaling dramatically reduced the scotian shelf population and , to date , only 210 whales use the gully . with a laundry list of hazards threatening its survival , the committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada ( cosewic ) listed the whale as endangered in november 2002 .
scientists studying northern bottlenose whales are alarmed about seismic surveys ( used to find oil and gas deposits below the sea floor ) and where they are being conducted in the marine regions off newfoundland . the lack of consistent application of mitigation measures is raising further alarms that populations are being harmed even before they can be adequately studied and identified .
the northern bottlenose whale has a bulbous forehead and an obvious tube - like beak , these features are more pronounced in older male individuals ( 2 ) . the specific part of the scientific name , ampullatus , means ' flask ' and refers to the bottle - like shape of the head ( 5 ) . young individuals are dark on the dorsal surface ( back ) with a light belly , and become paler as they age ( 6 ) . in males a whitish patch develops on the forehead , which becomes larger as the male gets older ( 6 ) . the robust body is spindle - shaped , and the dorsal fin is triangular ( 7 ) and placed far behind centre . northern bottlenose whales have two teeth on the lower jaw ; these only erupt on males ( 8 ) .
contamination is another type of pollution that might affect northern bottlenose whales . oil drilling development might increase contamination of the gully as a result of drill cuttings around oil rigs , extracted water , accidental hydrocarbon spills and a rise in shipping traffic . however , nothing clearly indicates that any harmful pollution in the whales’ habitat has occurred in recent years .
systematically collect samples and analyze them to detect potential contaminants . establish a means of keeping and archiving such samples and analysis results in order to facilitate comparison of contaminant levels over time . study the potential sources and paths of contaminants and monitor water and sediment quality in bottlenose whale habitat .
after birth the female whale will nurse her young by providing it with milk which she produces from her mammary glands .
it is not yet clear how noise pollution affects bottlenose whales , but effects may include habituation , disturbance to behaviour , temporary or permanent auditory impairment , acoustic masking and even injury , stranding and death . possible sources of noise pollution include oil and gas prospecting and extraction activities , including the use of sonar blamed for fatal bottlenose whale strandings elsewhere in the world , scientific research work that uses sound , maritime and low altitude air traffic , and construction . further , due to their diving habits in very deep water , bottlenose whales might be more vulnerable to underwater noise ; sound concentrates and travels farther in deeper water layers .
they were given scraps of tasty whale to eat including their lips and tongues . this exchange was called
the law of the tongue
. old tom is affectionately remembered and his skeleton is still preserved at the eden killer whale museum .
the northern bottlenose whale is a large , robust whale . a defining characteristic of this species is the large bulbous forehead , which becomes more pronounced in males and with age . the forehead is steep , and the stubby beak is well defined resembling the beak of several dolphin species . two small conical teeth erupt at the tip of the lower jaw in males although these are not always seen outside of the jaw . it has small pointed flippers that fit into ' flipper pockets ' when the animal is diving , and a pointed triangular or falcate dorsal fin set well back on the body . the flukes are broad with concave trailing edges and no notch . the body is chocolate or olive brown to grey in colour with the head lighter and the dorsal fin darker than the rest of the body . the underside and flanks are a paler , creamy colour , and in older animals , the body bears light linear scars and circular cookie cutter shark bite marks . juveniles are darker with a more rounded beak and smaller melon . the northern bottlenose whale may be confused with sowerby ' s or cuvier ' s beaked whale , but the distinct bulbous melon and differences in body colouration allows for proper identification .
monitor other human activities ( tourism , scientific research , etc . ) carried out in bottlenose whale habitat and , if necessary , ensure that measures are implemented to mitigate the effects of such activities . use experience acquired in the context of other species to develop protocols applicable to scientific research and tourism .
oil and gas exploration is expanding on the scotian shelf . a number of commercially exploitable sources have been discovered near the gully ; the nearest oil platform is located in shallow waters approximately 35 km away . seismic surveys are being conducted to detect potential oil and gas sources ; these surveys employ powerful detonations at regular intervals . drilling and other extraction - related operations also contribute to increasing ambient noise levels . spills , waste material and increased shipping traffic are other threats faced by the bottlenose whale . currently , the gully is not being explored or developed , as it has benefited from a high level of protection since it was designated a marine protected area ( mpa ) in 2004 . however , other proximate submarine canyons that are occasionally used by the northern bottlenose whale do not enjoy any protection .
there has never been a commercial hunt for southern bottlenose whales , but a few were taken by whalers for research purposes . several animals have been caught accidentally by driftnets in the tasman sea between australia and new zealand . there are no abundance estimates for this , or any other , species of beaked whale .
a rescue boat has been sent to protect the whale and rescuers have been trying to keep it away from the river banks .
you can ' t leave a whale stranded in the thames and we did the best we could ,
he added .
the whale , which could weigh about four tonnes , was first spotted at on friday morning by a man on a train .
reeves , r . r . , stewart , b . s . , clapham , p . j . and powell , j . a . 2002 . southern bottlenose whale . in national audubon society guide to marine mammals of the world . pp . 272 - 273 . chanticleer press , inc . , new york .
the adult male northern bottlenose whale ( hyperoodon ampullatus ) measures between 7 . 5 and 10m of length and weigh over 7t . females measure between 5 , 8 and 9 m and weigh up to 5 , 8t . newborns measure 3 , 5m of length and 300 kg of weight . these animals have a dark brownish and cylindrical shaped body . its forehead is bulbous and in the shape of a melon , with a preeminent beak and a groove behind the head . very particular to this specie is its blow that is visible from some distance . they can dive up to an hour in apnea . the adult males of this species have two small teeth at the tip of the lower jaw , which are not visible when the animal has his mouth closed . these teeth may sometimes be covered by barnacles . according to the sightings of aqua açores , the northern bottlenose whales are seen from july to august .
sink or swim the northern bottlenose whale’s habitat lies just 30 kilometres north of the east - west trans - atlantic shipping route . and some commercial ships ( not including fishing vessels ) visit the core area where the whales reside about once a day . not only do the commercial ships that travel these waters contribute to noise , chemical and debris pollution , they can also collide with the whales . every year , whales are found dead in their habitat due to colliding with ships ; however , none has ever been reported .
several photo - id’d bottlenose whales bear the marks of encounters with fishing gear , and other individuals have been observed entangled in nets . shallow zones near the gully have been heavily dredged in the past for exploiting bottom - dwelling fish such as halibut . this type of fishing has greatly diminished in recent years due to the collapse of groundfish stocks , but might expand in the future , depending on the status of targeted species as well as other factors . also , tuna ( longline ) and swordfish ( harpoon or longline ) fishing continues in the gully sector , except in deep zones where all fishing is prohibited and which represent a sizable part of the habitat of the scotian shelf population of the northern bottlenose whale .
a seven - tonne whale has made its way up the thames to central london , where it is being watched by riverside crowds .
liz sandeman , a medic of the marine connection , a whale and dolphin protection charity , accompanied the rnli to examine the animal .
but the whale died at about 1900 gmt on saturday as rescuers transported it on a barge towards deeper water in the thames estuary .
on thursday january 19th 2006 , british divers received reports of a whale heading up stream in the river thames , passing into london .
“northern bottlenose whales are deep divers , and members of the beaked whale family , which is thought to be one of the groups of cetaceans most sensitive to seismic noise . this endangered species needs protection , not further assault , ” according to gretchen fitzgerald , national program director , sierra club canada foundation . “the best mitigation is complete avoidance of the area . why isn ` t the offshore petroleum board not applying the precautionary approach and doing all it can to reduce the impacts of this intense noise pollution on whales” she asked .
however , he later concluded he had
no doubts
the rescue operation had been the best way to try to save the whale .
along with the whale from st . george , morin now had found five new specimens that were similar to the three found in japan .
marine biologists say there is no hard evidence that the whale is lonely , and its unusual song may not mark it as an outcast .
the species is included in appendix i of cites . the species was included in the international whaling commission schedule in 1977 , with recommendations that northern bottlenose whales be granted protected stock status with zero catch limit ( klinowska 1991 ) . populations or stocks are not defined ; this , together with estimates of present abundance ) , should be the focus of future studies ( culik 2004 ; dalebout et al . 2006 ) .
he said if attempts to re - direct the whale downstream failed , it might be necessary to put it down to prevent from suffering further .
earlier , close to battersea bridge , thousands of onlookers applauded as rescuers placed the whale on to a pontoon to move it from shallow water .
nobody knows what species it belongs to , because no one has ever seen it in the flesh . its songs sound a lot like those of blue whales but are not an exact match . it might be a hybrid : perhaps the offspring of a blue whale and a fin whale .
the scotian shelf population of northern bottlenose whales inhabits deep waters ( > 500 metres ) along the continental slope off of nova scotia and southeastern newfoundland . the majority of sightings to date have been in three adjacent submarine canyons on the eastern scotian shelf : the gully , shortland canyon , and haldimand canyon . in 2010 , these canyons were identified as critical habitat for the population under the species at risk act ( sara ) .
it was winched on to the port of london authority barge where it was laid on an inflatable raft functioning as a
makeshift whale mattress
.
mocha dick , the whale ' s real name , was finally captured and killed in 1838 . he reportedly had markings of dozens of other attacks .
floating debris represents an important source of pollution in the gully . such debris – including plastic bags , fishing nets , packaging bands , etc . – might represent a threat for the bottlenose whales that reside there .
northern bottlenose whales feed on squid , sea cucumbers , herring , cuttlefish , sea stars and other benthic invertebrates . their feeding behavior is similar to sperm whales , physeter macrocephalus , in that they make long , deep dives for up to 70 minutes from 80 - 800 m on average . the maximum recorded dive for this species is 1 , 453 m . they surface to breathe for about 10 minutes , often in the same location where their dive began .
we’re over the moon to announce whale track has been named as a finalist in the national lottery awards 2018 - the annual search for people’s favourite national lottery - funded projects . if you share our love of these amazing animals , please vote for whale track to win best environment project 2018 ! find out more .
he went through noaa ' s tissue collection , pulling all 50 or so that had previously been identified as a baird ' s beaked whale . using dna testing he found that two were actually a closer genetic match to the small black whales tested by japanese scientists in 2013 . one of those was from a whale that washed ashore in 2004 and now hangs in a school gym in dutch harbor . scientists there had long assumed it was a younger baird ' s beaked whale .
moby dick is a work of fiction but it was inspired by a dramatic story of a tragic encounter with a whale of epic ( undoubtedly exaggerated ) proportions .
there were reports of a pod of whales in the thames estuary earlier in the week , and it was possible that the whale had become separated from this group .
a new species of beaked whale washed up on a beach on st . george island , alaska , in june . it was first spotted by biologist christian hagenlocher .
scientists say a dead whale on a desolate beach and a skeleton hanging in a high school gym are a new species . yet experts have never seen one alive .
holser and other island residents measured the whale . ridgway collected tissue , arranging to ship the slightly fetid samples through intermediaries to morin ' s lab in southern california .
hermann melville published his novel in 1851 but several decades earlier a giant albino sperm whale , reported to be 85ft long , attacked a whaling ship called the essex .
the main threats to the northern bottle - nosed whale are thought to be chemical and noise pollution , prey depletion , human disturbance , and hunting ( 7 ) . this species has been hunted more than any of the other species of beaked whales ( 2 ) . the extent to which populations of this species have been reduced by hunting is unclear , and the current status of the population is unknown ( 2 ) .
the adult male dwarf sperm whale ( kogia simus ) is about 3m long and weighs up to 400kg . the calves can measure 1 , 2m long and weigh 55kg . they are overall dark colored , whilst on the sides of the head can be noted a paler band that resembles a false gill . in opposition to the sperm whale , its dorsal fin is tiny and hooked formed , almost similar to that of a dolphin . in the sea , the dwarf sperm whale is fairly identifiable from its elusive behavior .
but at 0830 gmt on friday , a man on a train called in to say he might have been hallucinating , but he had just seen a whale in the thames .
northern bottlenose whales , hyperoodon ampullatus , mate during late spring / early summer . females reach sexual maturity at 6 - 7 m in length or between 8 - 14 years , males at 7 . 3 - 7 . 6 m or between 7 - 9 years . mating occurs in spring and early summer and calves are born from april to june following a year - long gestation period . newborn calves measure about 3 . 5 m in length and are usually chocolate brown in color . females nurse for about 1 year .
the scientists conclude in their study published in marine mammal science that this type of whale , which has not yet been named , is nearly as far removed genetically from the northern hemisphere ' s baird ' s beaked whales as it is from its closest known relative , arnoux ' s beaked whales , which swim in the antarctic ocean . the differences , in fact , are so dramatic that the animal has to be something else , they say .
the rnli say it is the first whale rescue on the thames . a spokesman said three whales were spotted east of the thames barrier on thursday but only one managed to get upstream .
migaloo swiftly became a favourite for whale - watchers – so much so , in 2009 the australian government declared an exclusion zone around him so that he would not be disturbed any more .
a uk biodiversity action plan priority species , the northern bottle - nosed whale is protected in uk waters by the wildlife and countryside act 1981 and the wildlife ( northern ireland ) orders , 1985 ; it is illegal to intentionally kill , injure , or harass any cetacean ( whale or dolphin ) species in uk waters . whaling is illegal in uk waters , and the international whaling commission ( iwc ) introduced a world moratorium on commercial whaling in 1982 ( 2 ) , which came into effect in 1986 ( 9 ) ( although norway and japan have continued whaling activities ) ( 2 ) . seven european countries have signed the agreement on the conservation of small cetaceans in the baltic and north seas ( ascobans ) , including the uk . provision is made under this agreement to set up protected areas , promote research and monitoring , pollution control and increase public awareness ( 4 ) . increased awareness of this species may help to secure its future ( 2 ) .
sekiguchi , k . , klages , n . , findlay , k . and best , p . b . 1993 . feeding habits and possible movements of southern bottlenose whales ( hyperoodon planifrons ) . proceedings of the nipr symposium on polar biology 6 : 84 - 97 .
most descriptions of the colour pattern are largely based on the better - known sister - species of the southern bottlenose whale , the northern bottlenose whale . adult southern bottlenose whales are brownish - grey , and are darker dorsally than ventrally . old animals may be light brown or dull yellow . ( the brownish colouration in this species may be due to a diatom coating . ) the head may be pale , with the pale colour on the melon extending beyond the blowhole . a 6 . 6m long male that stranded at ohope , new zealand in 1979 had a distinct shield - shaped light patch beneath the eyes . young animals may be black to chocolate brown dorsally and greyish - white ventrally . the body is thick and robust . the melon is very bulbous and may overhang the short , narrow beak . there may be an indentation between the beak and the melon . the head is much larger in adult males than females and rises steeply from the beak . the front surface of the melon may be flattened in old mature males . adult males also have a single pair of small , conical teeth at the tip of the lower jaw . they slope forwards and slightly outwards and are visible outside the closed mouth . each tooth has a central peaked denticle . these teeth do not erupt in females . the triangular to slightly sickle - shaped dorsal fin is positioned about two - thirds of the distance from the beak to the tail and is of moderate size ( up to about 40cm in length ) .
southern bottlenose whales are found in the cold temperate waters of the southern hemisphere , from the antarctic throughout the southern ocean to about 30°s . it seems they are most common between 58° and 62°s in the atlantic and eastern indian ocean . they are usually found in deep ocean waters and rarely occur inshore . a small number of strandings have been recorded from southern australia and new zealand . there have also been some sightings off new south wales . other records from north - western australia and brazil suggest that southern bottlenose whales may also occur in warmer temperate waters .


the bucharian vole ( blanfordimys bucharicus ) is a species of rodent in the family cricetidae .

it is found in possibly afghanistan tajikistan and uzbekistan .

its natural habitat is temperate desert .

bucharian vole

[ taxonomic position of afghan vole ( subgenus blanfordimys ) by sequencing the mitochondrial cytb gene ] .
golenishchev , f . n . and sablina , o . v . , on the systematics of afghan vole
[ taxonomic position of afghan vole ( subgenus blanfordimys ) by sequencing the mitochondrial cytb gene ] . - pubmed - ncbi
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justification : this species has a fairly large extent of occurrence ( c . 100 , 000 km 2 ) . little information is available on population status or trends , but it does not appear to be under threat at present hence is listed as least concern .
northern ranges of pamir - alay , namely zeravshan , gissar and nuratau ranges ( uzbekistan and tajikistan ) , and badakhshan range ( afghanistan ) . it is distributed up to at least 1 , 500 m asl , in afghanistan probably up to 3 , 000 m ( gromov and erbaeva 1995 )
there are no data available for population trend and status . ecology of the species is similar to that of blanfordimys afganus , which usually undergoes periodical population fluctuations .
habitats characteristic to the species are matted loess soils , sometimes found in loess - sandy semideserts in mountains . it is diurnal and colonial . it makes complex burrows , on ground exits connected by pathways . the species reproduces the whole year round with 2 - 3 months break in summer .
it is not known if the species occurs in protected areas . further research is needed about population trend and status , actions and threats .
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original russian text © a . a . bannikova , v . s . lebedev , f . n . golenishchev , 2009 , published in genetika , 2009 , vol . 45 , no . 1 , pp . 104–111 .
hellbong , l . , gündüz , i . , and jaarola , m . , analysis of sex - linked sequences supports a new mammal species in europe ,
spitzenberger , f . , strelkov , p . p . , winkler , h . , and haring , e . , a preliminary revision of the genus
waddell , p . and shelley , s . , evaluating placental inter - ordinal phylogenies with novel sequences including rag1 , γ - fibrinogen , nd6 and mt - trna plus mcmc - driven nucleotide , amino acid and codon models ,
conroy , c . j . and cook , j . , mtdna evidence for repeated pulses of speciation within arvicoline and murid rodents ,
conroy , c . j . and cook , j . a . , molecular systematics of a holarctic rodent (
veyrunes , f . , britton - davidian , j . , robinson , t . j . , et al . , molecular phylogeny of the african pygmy mice , subgenus nannomys ( rodentia , murinae ,
willows - munro , s . , robinson , t . j . , and matthee , c . a . , utility of nuclear dna intron markers at lower taxonomic levels : phylogenetic resolution among nine
koepfli , k . - p . and wayne , r . k . , phylogenetic relationships of otters ( carnivora : mustelidae ) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences ,
meier , m . n . , golenishchev , f . n . , radzhabli , s . i . , and sablina , o . v . ,
agadzhanyan , a . k . and yatsenko , v . n . , phylogenetic relationships of north eurasian voles , in
( problems of mammal variation and phylogeny ) , moscow : mos . gos . univ . , 1984 , pp . 135–190 .
golenishchev , f . n . and malikov , v . g . , the “developmental conduit” of the tribe microtini ( rodentia , arvicolinae ) : systematic and evolutionary aspects ,
sambrook , j . , fritsch , e . f . , and maniatis , t . ,
, cold spring harbor , new york : cold spring harbor lab . , 1989 .
ohdachi , s . d . , dokuchaev , n . e . , hasegawa , m . , and masuda , r . , intraspecific phylogeny and geographical variation of six species of northeastern asiatic
lebedev , v . s . , bannikova , a . a . , tesakov , a . s . , and abramson , n . i . , molecular phylogeny of the genus
posada , d . and crandall , k . a . , modeltest : testing the model of dna substitution ,
huelsenbeck , j . p . , ronquist , f . , nielsen , r . , and bollback , j . p . , bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology ,
ronquist , f . and huelsenbeck , j . p . , mrbayes 3 : bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models ,
vinogradov , b . s . , argiropulo , a . i . , and geptner , v . g . ,
( rodents ) , moscow : izd . akad . nauk sssr , 1950 .
( microtinae ) ( the voles ( microtinae ) , vol . 3 , issue 8 of
( fauna of the soviet union : mammals ) , leningrad : nauka , 1977 .
( the mammals of the russia and adjacent territories ( lagomorphs and rodents ) , st . petersburg : zool . inst . , 1995 .
ellerman , j . r . and morrison - scott , t . c . s . ,
sistematika sovremennykh mlekopitayushchikh ( systematics of contemporary mammals ) , tr . zool . muzeya mgu
musser , g . g and carleton , m . d , superfamily muroidea ,
, wilson , d . e . and reeder , d . m . , eds . , baltimore : joins hopkins univ . press , 2005 , 3d ed . , pp . 894–1531 .
thomas , o . , mammals from central asia collected by mr . douglas carruthers ,
bannikova , a . a . , lebedev , v . s . & golenishchev , f . n . russ j genet ( 2009 ) 45 : 91 . urltoken
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern .
musser , g . g . and m . d . carleton . 2005 . superfamily muroidea . pp . 894–1531 in mammal species of the world a taxonomic and geographic reference . d . e . wilson and d . m . reeder eds . johns hopkins university press , baltimore .
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the snowy-crowned robin-chat ( cossypha niveicapilla ) is a species of bird in the family muscicapidae .

it is also known as the snowy-headed robin-chat .

it is found in angola , benin , burkina faso , burundi , cameroon , central african republic , chad , republic of the congo , democratic republic of the congo , ivory coast , ethiopia , gabon , gambia , ghana , guinea , guinea-bissau , kenya , liberia , mali , mauritania , niger , nigeria , rwanda , senegal , sierra leone , sudan , tanzania , togo , and uganda .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , and moist savanna .

snowy - crowned robin - chat

the snowy - crowned robin chat ( cossypha niveicapilla ) - also known as snowy - headed robin chat - is an african endemic with a range that stretches from south central mauritania , senegal , gambia and sierra leone east to sudan and western ethiopia , south to cameroon and lake victoria basin . populations also exist in gabon , south through the republic of the congo and the democratic republic of the congo to angola .
collar , n . ( 2018 ) . snowy - crowned robin - chat ( cossypha niveicapilla ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the population size of this species has not been quantified ; it is considered sparse to common . trend justification : the population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats .
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black - backed birds ( dominant in l victoria basin ) commonly separated as race melanonota , but intergradation with greyer - backed individuals so extensive as to render naming of geographical races problematic . treated as monotypic .
sc mauritania , senegal , gambia and sierra leone e to sw & se sudan , s south sudan and w ethiopia , s to cameroon and l victoria basin ; also gabon , s congo , extreme sw drcongo and extreme nw & ne angola .
20·5–22 cm ; 34–45 g . notably long - tailed . central crown and hindcrown are white , dotted with black ( variable , dependent on degree of feather wear ) , rest of . . .
song a fast , almost unbroken string of mimicry of other birds , with variations and powerful . . .
closed thickets in savanna , rank growth along streams , gallery forests and , in climatically wetter . . .
invertebrates and small fruits . stomachs of 16 birds from drcongo held termites , beetles , ants , caterpillars , mantises , small millipedes . . .
may–sept , chiefly jul–aug , in w africa ; in all months , peak mar , in rest of range ; most e african records during long rains ( . . .
mainly sedentary , so far as known . local seasonal displacements suspected in parts of sudan , and a . . .
not globally threatened . sparse in main upper and lower guinea forest areas and in angola , but locally fairly common in sudan ; frequent to common in w ethiopia and sw . . .
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : cossypha niveicapilla . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
it mostly inhabits subtropical or tropical dry or moist lowland forests , as well as moist savanna .
angola , benin , burkina faso , burundi , cameroon , central african republic , chad , republic of the congo , democratic republic of the congo , ivory coast , ethiopia , gabon , gambia , ghana , guinea , guinea - bissau , kenya , liberia , mali , mauritania , niger , nigeria , rwanda , senegal , sierra leone , sudan , tanzania , togo and uganda .
chinese : ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ( ? ? ) . . . czech : drozdík b ? lotemenný , drozdík šupinkový . . . danish : hvidisset drosselsanger . . . dutch : witkruinlawaaimaker , witkruin - lawaaimaker . . . finnish : tiheikköpunarastas , tiheikköpunatasku . . . french : cossyphe à calotte neigeuse , cossyphe à couronne blanche , cossyphe à tête blanche , petit cossyphe à tête blanche . . . german : schneescheitelrötel , weißscheitelrötel . . . italian : cossifa caponiveo , tordo pettirosso testadineve . . . japanese : shirodukintsugumihitaki , shirozukintsugumihitaki . . . norwegian : snøkronetrosteskvett . . . polish : zlotokos siwoglowy , z ? otokos siwog ? owy . . . russian : ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? . . . slovak : akalat ciapockatý , akalat ? iapo ? katý . . . spanish : cosifa coroninívea . . . swahili : kurumbiza utosi - mweupe . . . swedish : rödnackad snårtrast
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throughout history , crows , ravens and other black birds were feared as symbols of evil or death . …
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* mediumsized bird with brown - blackish upperparts and red - brown underparts * prominent white crown . black legs and bill * size : about 21 cm