physa fontinalis , common name the common bladder snail , is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail , an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family physidae .

the shells of species in the genus physa are left-handed or sinistral .

physa fontinalis

cyndy parr set
image of physa fontinalis
as an exemplar on
physa fontinalis ( linnaeus 1758 )
.
temperature drives asymmetric competition between alien and indigenous freshwater snails ( physa acuta vs . physa fontinalis )
temperature drives asymmetric competition between alien and indigenous freshwater snails ( physa acuta vs . physa fontinalis ) [ peerj preprints ]
on the defence strategy of physa fontinalis ( l . ) , a freshwater pulmonate snail
on the defence strategy of physa fontinalis ( l . ) , a freshwater pulmonate snail | springerlink
morphology . the snails of mongolia morphologically are very similar to physa fontinalis from europe and western siberia .
hans - martin braun added the german common name
quellblasenschnecke
to
physa fontinalis ( linnaeus 1758 )
.
anderson , r . , ( 2016 ) . physa fontinalis ( linnaeus 1758 ) . [ in ] molluscireland . urltoken accessed on 2018 - 07 - 09 .
contained originally physa fontinalis , hypnorum and scaturiginum . type species designated by children 1823 : 243 ( quart . j . sci . lit . arts 15 ) ( iczn 1987 : 148 , iczn op . 94 , direction 72 ) . type species given by turton 1831 : 10 as bulla hypnorum
montagu
. type species given by anton 1839 : 48 as bulla fontinalis linnæus , 1758 . references : herrmannsen 1847 - 1849 : 264 ( verified , gave as type bulla hypnorum ) , dall 1870 : 355 ( verified , gave as type fontinalis ) , sherborn 1922 , wenz & zilch 1959 - 1960 : 90 . physa is currently used for the fontinalis group , hypnorum is classified in aplexa fleming , 1820 .
extra - limital distribution . ph . fontinalis is a species widely distributed in western palearctic , europe to western siberia ( taylor 2003 ) .
winterbourn mj ( 1980 ) the distribution and biology of the fresh water gastropods physa and physastra in new - zealand . j malacol soc aust 4 : 233–234
there are many studies showing that alien species displace native species , and this process has been recognized as a major threat to biodiversity . however , only few studies exist that addressed the mechanisms behind this displacement of native by alien species , and the role of the environmental context in this process . in the present study we analyze how the presence of conspecifics and heterospecifics at different densities alter the growth rates of two competing snail species , the native physa fontinalis and the alien physa acuta , on a temperature gradient from 15 to 25°c . we found asymmetric competitive interaction between the species . at 15°c , the presence of heterospecifics stimulated the growth of both species , while at higher temperatures the presence of heterospecifics stimulated the growth in p . acuta , but inhibited in p . fontinalis . hence , temperature was shown to drive the competitive superiority of p . acuta .
regional distribution . several tens of specimens of physa fontinalis have been found by us in samples from the khoit dalai nuur lake near dorgon settlement ( 14 . 07 . 2012 ; leg . d . m . palatov ) , and from a channel of the kherlen river near ondorkhaan town ( 19 . 06 . 2010 , leg . d . m . palatov ) . earlier , martens ( 1882 ) recorded this species from northern mongolia ( eter gol river ) .
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has been assessed as least concern . despite being recorded on national and regional red lists , this species is widely distributed and abundant throughout the palearctic region , and there are currently no major threats to the status of the population .
this species has been described in europe , extending north to scandinavia and east into western siberia ( taylor 2003 , kantor et al . 2009 ) . it has also been recorded from the canary islands ( taylor 2003 ) and turkey ( yildirim 2004 ) .
albania ; austria ; belgium ; bulgaria ; canada ; croatia ; czech republic ; denmark ; estonia ; finland ; france ( france ( mainland ) ) ; germany ; hungary ; iran , islamic republic of ; ireland ; italy ( italy ( mainland ) ) ; latvia ; liechtenstein ; lithuania ; luxembourg ; macedonia , the former yugoslav republic of ; montenegro ; netherlands ; norway ; poland ; romania ; russian federation ( kaliningrad , west siberia ) ; serbia ( kosovo , serbia ) ; slovakia ; slovenia ; spain ( canary is . , spain ( mainland ) ) ; sweden ; switzerland ; turkey ( turkey - in - asia , turkey - in - europe ) ; ukraine ( krym , ukraine ( main part ) ) ; united kingdom ( great britain , northern ireland )
this species is opportunisitic and can be found in ( moderately ) polluted waterbodies ( appleton and brackenbury 1998 , whitehead 2008 ) , inhabiting springs , streams , rivers , ponds , lakes as well as canals and irrigation ditches ( taylor 2003 ) . it occurs in nutrient - poor and richly vegetated habitats ( vermonden et al . 2009 ) .
although this species demonstrates a moderate tolerance to pollution , the impacts of water pollution from a variety of sources are the main threat to the global population of this species ( d . van damme pers . comm . 2011 ) .
there are no species - specific conservation measures in place and none considered necessary given the range of this holarctic species , however it is considered to be locally threatened . this species is listed as near threatened on the red list of the czech republic ( beran
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linnæus , c . 1758 . systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ , secundum classes , ordines , genera , species , cum characteribus , differentiis , synonymis , locis . tomus i . editio decima , reformata . - pp . [ 1 - 4 ] , 1 - 824 . holmiæ . ( salvius ) .
shell sinistral , oval , light horny coloured , thin , very shiny , apex blunt and rounded , 3 - 4 whorls , upper whorls weakly convex , suture often weakly whitish . mantle touches in long fingers outer surface of the shell .
clear standing or slowly moving water bodies rich in vegetation . usually in lakes , reservoirs and slowly moving rivers , also in clean creeks . does not tolerate drought . sensitive against salt ( tolerates up to 0 . 6 % ) and naoh , indicates unpolluted conditions , ph tolerance 5 . 4 - 9 . 6 . in switzerland in up to 1000 m altitude . feeds on submerged plants ( potamogeton ) , or detritus . reproduction from may to autumn , egg packages with 5 - 22 eggs ( diameter 0 . 5 mm ) are fixed at submerged plants , 1 - 3 times in a year , juveniles hatch after 18 - 20 days in france . animals which hatched in autumn hibernate and live up to 11 - 14 months , those which hatched in spring live only 3 - 4 months .
threatened by water pollution in densely populated regions and fertilization . endangered in bavaria , switzerland and austria , vulnerable in germany .
references : moquin - tandon 1855 ; 451 , germain 1931 : 509 , najim 1961 , jungbluth et al . 1989 : 50 , falkner 1990 : 130 , vogt et al . 1994 : 69 , turner et al . 1998 : 112 , kerney 1999 : 49 , glöer 2002 : 235 , jungbluth & knorre 2009 : 12 , welter - schultes 2012 : 56 ( range map europe ) .
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a small , yellow - brown , sinistral shell with short , blunt spire . shell slippery and highly polished . the animal is grey and outgrowths of the mantle partly cover the shell . these have finger - like lobes or digitations . widespread and common .
this species has a wide distribution in the western palaearctic , but like aplexa hypnorum , confusion with allied forms makes the eastern limits of its distribution uncertain . the range is probably eurasian boreo - temperate ( 55 ) . several ‘species’ found in north america may be conspecific in which case the range could be circumpolar boreo - temperate .
2009 ) . it has also been recorded from the canary islands ( taylor 2003 ) and turkey ( yildirim 2004 ) .
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big size pine tree bonsai . part 1 . from trimming to repotting and done . 盆栽の作り方
freshwater leech - wonderful swimmers , amazing movement skomer island , wick stream . !
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denise früh conceived and designed the experiments , performed the experiments , analyzed the data , wrote the paper , prepared figures and / or tables , reviewed drafts of the paper .
peter haase contributed reagents / materials / analysis tools , reviewed drafts of the paper .
stefan stoll conceived and designed the experiments , analyzed the data , wrote the paper , reviewed drafts of the paper .
the present study was funded by the research funding program “loewe - landes - offensive zur entwicklung wissenschaftlich - ökonomischer exzellenz” of hesse’s ministry of higher education , research , and the arts . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .
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draparnaud , j . p . r . 1801 . tableau des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la france . - pp . [ 1 - 2 ] , 1 - 116 . montpellier , paris . ( renaud ; bossange , masson & besson ) .
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anthropogenic water bodies namely fish ponds , clay pits , sand pits , dam reservoirs or mining subsidence pools are the characteristic feature of upper silesian landscape . in the study , the gastropod communities occurring in 296 anthropogenic water bodies were discussed in relation to their distribution in macroregions of upper silesia , role in industrialised and urbanised environment and the significance for regional biodiversity .
in period 1998–2002 , 31 freshwater gastropod species were found in the study area . it is noteworthy , that the anthropogenic water habitats of upper silesia provide a refuge for several rare and vulnerable species , among them e . g . anisus leucostoma ( millet , 1813 ) , gyraulus rossmaessleri ( v . auerswald , 1852 ) and hippeutis complanatus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) .
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marinskiy , vadim v . , 2017 , checklist of the freshwater snails ( mollusca : gastropoda ) of mongolia , zootaxa 4317 ( 1 ) , pp . 45 - 78 : 62
have been found by us in samples from the khoit dalai nuur lake near dorgon settlement ( 14 . 07 . 2012 ; leg . d . m . palatov ) , and from a channel of the kherlen river near ondorkhaan town ( 19 . 06 . 2010 , leg . d . m . palatov ) . earlier , martens ( 1882 ) recorded this species from northern mongolia ( eter gol river ) .
is a species widely distributed in western palearctic , europe to western siberia ( taylor 2003 ) .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
we are grateful to state agency for nature , environment and consumer protection north rhine westphalia for kindly providing the species and physico - chemical data . the present study was funded by the research funding program “loewe - landes - offensive zur entwicklung wissenschaftlich - ökonomischer exzellenz” of hesse’s ministry of higher education , research , and the arts .
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click here to view an interactive map of the northern ireland dataset as currently collated by cedar . the map is generated through the nbn gateway using their interactive mapping tool .
this is a northern ireland priority species and has been red - listed as vulnerable in ireland ( byrne et al . 2009 )
life cycle adults may be present at all times of year but are more abundant and obvious at the end of the winter period when flood levels are usually at their highest . conversely , they will be rare in dry summers when habitat water levels are at their lowest or absent . breeding may take place whenever conditions are suitable but are probably concentrated in the winter months .
how to see this species areas with good populations of this species include the low - lying shores of lough neagh where seasonal flooding of back - marshes and alder scrub still occurs . river floodplains which have not been disrupted by main drainage schemes are also good . an example is the river lagan between waringstown and lisburn . select an area of shallowly flooded riverbank or lakeshore , or ditches connected to the main water course and sweep with a water net in winter or early spring . this will usually provide an abundance of aplexa , anisus leucostoma and other temporary water species .
current status widespread in the main watersheds where main drainage has not destroyed natural riverbank architecture . also along lakeshores such as those of loughs neagh and erne . probably not as threatened in northern ireland as in southern counties where declines have been severe in recent decades .
threats / causes of decline the main causes of decline are land drainage , major arterial drainage schemes on rivers and the intensification of agriculture generally .
proposed objectives / actions most of the damage caused to its habitats in n . ireland is historical . however , intensification of agriculture continues to nibble away at its habitats . support for agri - environmental schemes is needed to encourage responsible , long - term husbandry in beef and sheep rearing areas where most remaining habitat resides .
what you can do this is not a difficult species to identify , but it is seasonal in its occurrence . examine small , temporary ponds , pools and marshes near you to see if it is present . if you encounter something which suggests this species please note the locality from an os map and report the details , with a specimen or specimens to cedar ( record centre manager , cedar , national museums northern ireland , cultra , holywood , co . down , bt18 0eu ; cedar . info @ nmni . com ) .
literature anderson , r . ( 1997 ) . an annotated list of the land and freshwater mollusca of northern ireland . environment and heritage service research & development series .
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received 2013 oct 18 ; revised 2014 jan 14 ; accepted 2014 jan 16 .
open access this article is distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license which permits any use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author ( s ) and the source are credited .
the colonisation of new areas by alien gastropods is an important problem due to the actions that have been taken in recent years to protect valuable habitats that are important for preserving biological diversity . anthropogenic woodland ponds of different origins , which are isolated from urban areas and which are formed as a new element in the landscape of forest areas , belong to this type of aquatic environment .
alien gastropods increasingly appear in such environments . physella cauta is commonly present around the mediterranean sea , while potamopyrgus antipodarum originates from new zealand and ferrissia fragilis belongs to north american species ( walther et al . 2006 ) .
there are different paths of the migration of gastropods into isolated reservoirs . the two main paths are a natural , slow and non - directional spreading and an anthropogenic expansion with the participation of human activity ( nentwig 2007 ) . the isolation of woodland ponds and the relatively small distance between them mean that water birds may be involved in the dispersion process ( van leeuwen et al . 2012a , b , c ) . this kind of passive dispersion has been described in the case of p . antipodarum ( haynes et al . 1985 ; zaranko et al . 1997 ; alonzo and castro - diez 2008 ) , although anthropogenic dispersion ( devin et al . 2005 ) or accidental introductions should not be excluded .
the study was carried out in 14 isolated ponds located in forest complexes in southern poland ( upper silesia ) . the ponds are mainly post - exploitation : sand pits ( ponds 2 and 13 ) , gravel pits ( ponds 3–7 ) and subsidence ponds ( ponds 1 , 8–12 and 14 ) ( table
) . they are not used economically or recreationally . all of the ponds that were studied are ‘young’ ( the oldest originated in 1945 and the youngest in the 1990s of the twentieth century ) , small ( from 0 . 007 to 11 . 4 ha ) and shallow ( max . depth does not exceed 6 m ) .
macrophytes ( 11 sampling sites ) —samples were collected in the rushes from both living plants and their remains .
leaf deposits ( 11 sampling sites ) —the most common type of substrate in woodland ponds that cover the surface of sediments depending on the origin of the water body—mud , gravel or sand .
anthropogenic substrates ( 10 sampling sites ) —samples were taken from the concrete slabs with a layer of algae and detritus that reinforced the shores that were submerged in the water .
sampling sites were located along the shoreline of the ponds . the water depth at the place of sampling did not exceed 0 . 5 m . thirty - two study sites were selected in 14 ponds .
prior to the sampling of gastropods , water samples were collected from each sample site . analyses of some of the physical and chemical parameters of water that might affect the occurrence of gastropods were carried out using standard methods , according to hermanowicz et al . (
dominance index ( d ) in percent of the total number of individuals in the whole collection : d = k / k × 100 , where k is the number of individuals of species and k is the total number of individuals in a sample . the following dominance classes were used ( biesiadka and kowalik 1980 ) : d > 10 % —eudominants , d = 5 . 1–10 % —dominants , d = 2 . 0–5 . 0 % —subdominants and d < 2 . 0 % —recedents .
the evenness index : j ′ = h ′ / log 2 s , where h ′ is the value of the shannon - wiener index and s the total number of species .
the species diversity index as well as the dominance index was calculated for each of the sampling sites and for the specific ponds .
the results were analysed with statistica ver . 11 . 0 . the cluster analysis was used to distinguish the three types of woodland ponds concerning their faunistic similarities . the dendrogram was based on the abundance of a particular snail species . euclidean distances were used in the tree clustering method .
we used the spearman rank correlation coefficients ( r s ) to analyse the relationships between the density of alien species , species richness and the age of the ponds , as well as the proportion of alien gastropods in a community ( each of the three species separately and all of the species combined ) versus the species diversity , species richness , species evenness and density .
we used the kruskal - wallis one - way anova and multiple comparisons ( post hoc tests ) to determine the significance of the differences between the environmental conditions ( age , area and chemical water parameters ) of the three pond types . before analysis , the data distribution was checked using the kolmogorov - smirnov and lilliefors tests ( stanisz 2001 ) . these demonstrated that the variables did not show a normal distribution ( k - s p < 0 . 20 and lilliefors p < 0 . 20 ) . for this reason , non - parametric statistics were used ( elliott 1993 ) .
in the cca analysis , the following environmental variables were used : chemical water properties , different types of substrates ( macrophytes , leaf deposits and anthropogenic substrates ) , pond depth , pond size , maximum water temperature , pond freezing in the winter and pond drying in the summer . these variables can significantly affect the occurrence of alien and native gastropods . the physico - chemical properties of water in woodland ponds are specific due to their isolation , fluctuations in the water level and drying . the structure of the substrates also changes as a result of drying and freezing .
twenty - three gastropod species were detected in polish fauna including three alien species . only
) . cluster analysis provided the basis for distinguishing the three types of ponds ( fig .
p . acuta type ( ponds 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 and 7 ) —where p . acuta occurred constantly and other alien species were found in only a few ponds .
f . fragilis type ( ponds 9 , 12 , 13 and 14 ) —where f . fragilis is the single alien species .
p . antipodarum type ( ponds 4 , 5 , 8 , 10 and 11 ) —where , in addition to p . antipodarum , p . acuta occurred sporadically in samples collected in ponds 4 and 5 .
analysis of physico - chemical water properties emphasised the distinctiveness of the selected types . in water bodies of the
type , we found their lowest values in comparison to the other types . the ph values in ponds of
type , the highest nitrate content ( kruskal - wallis : 21 . 78 ,
in each type of pond in addition to the dominant species , different gastropods belonged to eudominants . the number of subrecedents in each type emphasised their dominance patterns . in the ponds of the
) . this is also expressed in the values of the simpson index ( fig .
type due to the number of eudominant and dominant species ( 3 and 5 , respectively ) and the participation of subdominants and recedents in the communities ( 3 and 6 , respectively ) . only the simpson’s index value in pond 12 is similar to the values characterising the
the value of the simpson diversity index in the three types of woodland ponds . filled circle , the value of simpson diversity index calculated for woodland ponds in the study period ; vertical line , the min and max value of simpson diversity index calculated for the sampling sites in particular ponds
an analysis of spearman rank correlation coefficients showed a significant correlation between the proportion of p . antipodarum in a community and species diversity ( r s = −0 . 56 , p < 0 . 05 ) . correlations between alien species of gastropods and species diversity , species richness , species evenness and snail density were statistically insignificant .
in the cca analysis , gastropod communities showed high positive correlations with seven variables that reflected the variety of substrates , depth and differences in water chemistry ( fig .
) . the main variables that influenced the gastropod community were conductivity , ca and ph .
was mainly associated with macrophytes . three species were associated with leaf deposits , whereas two species were related to anthropogenic substrates .
) . it occurred on all of the available types of substratum , but mostly in leaf deposits and anthropogenic substrates ( fig .
. cca showed that the first and second axes explain almost 18 . 6 % of the variance in species data and almost 62 % of the variance in species and environmental relations . the monte carlo test showed that these results are statistically significant ( table
the area of southern poland is heavily anthropogenically transformed due to the development of many branches of industry . there is a lack of natural water bodies , whereas those that exist were created as a result of intentional or unintentional human activity . for this reason , in our study , we did not include natural reservoirs . anthropogenic woodland ponds create habitats for the occurrence of many gastropods . they constitute important trophic levels between primary producers and consumers and play a key role in shaping an aquatic biocenosis ( kerans et al . 2005 ) .
it is assumed that the alien species of gastropods that were found in the woodland ponds occurred without the participation of human activity breaking the barrier of the forest . at the time of their appearance in anthropogenic water bodies , they , as well as native species , face environmental stresses : hydrological , chemical and light , which are associated with the way their water is supplied , and which among other factors determine the properties of its waters .
the most stable dominance structure was found in ponds of the p . acuta type , where 11 of the 17 recorded species of gastropods belonged to eudominants , dominants and subdominants . as has been demonstrated by long - term studies that have been carried out in anthropogenic ponds ( strzelec et al . 2006 ) , p . acuta is becoming a more and more settled species in poland and does not affect the native fauna . perhaps its small total density in the above - mentioned type of ponds is not a factor that influences the diversity of gastropods .
in water bodies of both the p . acuta and p . antipodarum type , an alternate dominance of leading species was demonstrated . this is confirmed by the results of the spearman analysis . only in water bodies of the f . fragilis type did we observe the presence of one alien species . in this type of pond , phytophilous species belonged to the eudominants , whereas in other types , this species often colonised both sediment - covered leaf deposits and macrophytes .
during the winter , the woodland ponds that were studied are covered with ice , which means that the deposits of allo - and autochthonous detritus covering the bottom sediments become the habitat for gastropods to survive in , even for species that come from distant climate zones ( oertli 1995 ; strzelec and lewin 1996 ) . fluctuation in the water level is not a significant factor that limits the occurrence of alien species . p . antipodarum can bury themselves in the sediments in order to survive both dry and cold periods ( duft et al . 2003 ) . ferrissia juveniles that have not been bred yet form a septum in response to dry conditions , while p . acuta burrows into bottom sediments ( richardot 1974 ; costil et al . 2001 ) .
as was demonstrated in this study , only a few native species formed permanent populations in woodland ponds . r . balthica , which was eudominant in water bodies of the p . antipodarum type , is resistant to desiccation ( gérard 2001 ) and high water temperatures ( hubendick 1947 ) . thomas and daldorph ( 1994 ) relate their high density to an increasing nutrient content that promotes primary production . the increase of trophy results in the reconstruction of algae communities into those that are characteristic to eutrophic waters .
the occurrence of alien species in isolated ponds indicates that they are effective colonisers of habitats that are a product of human activity and that remain under its influence ( disturbed ecosystems ) . however , we cannot define the degree of these disturbances because nowadays most ecosystems on earth are modified by human activity , and according to loson and macisaac ( 1997 ) , even the penetration of alien species into the environment is a source of disruption . we can assume that the alien species that were recorded in woodland ponds are in the process of expanding their range or forming a permanent population . the effects of their impact on native fauna are visible only for p . antipodarum , and according to simon and townsend ( 2003 ) , they can range from undetectable to dramatic . the fact is that degraded water bodies are susceptible to invasions . they are interesting research targets because of their spatial isolation and the fact that they actively influence the diversity of the flora and fauna in industrial areas with no natural water bodies .
we are grateful to ms . michele l . simmons , ba , from the english language centre ( elc ) , who made final corrections and improved the language of the manuscript .
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euchlaena muzaria , the muzaria euchlaena moth , is a species of moth of the family geometridae .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from florida , kentucky , maine , maryland , massachusetts , minnesota , new brunswick , new hampshire , new york , north carolina , ohio , ontario , south carolina and tennessee .

the wingspan is 27-48 mm .

the wings are purplish brown with tiny dark discal spots .

there are one or two generations per year with adults on wing from april to august .

the larvae feed on prunus serotina and prunus virginiana .

euchlaena muzaria

a muzaria euchlaena moth in cecil co . , maryland ( 8 / 26 / 2014 ) . verified by roger downer / bamona . photo by shannon schade . ( mbp list )
this may be conspecific with euchlaena obtusaria , which is generally more southern and also common .
muzaria euchlaena moth in prince george ' s co . , maryland ( 6 / 5 / 2016 ) . verified by roger downer ( bamona ) . photo by robert aguilar , serc . ( mbp list )
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seachable database with information on the general classification and the diet and feeding behaviour of the orders of insects and arachnids found in canada’s forest environments . cite : 1463600
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[ cite : 1114858 important resource for rare lep . records . . .
the lepidopterists ' society season summary [ sometimes : lepsoc - ss ] is an annual compilation of lepidoptera records from canada , mexico , and the united states . each year our members submit information regarding range extensions , host plant associations , population dynamics , etc . automated in 1995 , the database contains all records since that time plus saturniidae and sphingidae records since 1971 .
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hodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .
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scoble , m . j . ( ed . ) , m . s . parsons , m . r . honey , l . m . pitkin , and b . r . pitkin . 1999 . geometrid moths of the world : a catalogue . volumes 1 and 2 : 1016 pp . + index 129 pp . csiro publishing , collingwood , victoria , australia .
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kilburnia is a genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family fasciolariidae , the spindle snails , the tulip snails and their allies .

kilburnia

species kilburnia agulhasensis ( j . r . le b . tomlin , 1932 )
how can i put and write and define kilburnia in a sentence and how is the word kilburnia used in a sentence and examples ? 用kilburnia造句 , 用kilburnia造句 , 用kilburnia造句 , kilburnia meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
kilburnia snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : kilburnia heynemanni dunker , r . w . , 1870
subfamily : fasciolariinae - genus : kilburnia m . a . snyder , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 ( db : 6 sp , 4 img )
kilburnia heynemanni - species dictionary - chile : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
snyder m . a . , vermeij g . j . & lyons w . g . ( 2012 ) the genera and biogeography of fasciolariinae ( gastropoda , neogastropoda , fasciolariidae ) . basteria 76 ( 1 - 3 ) : 31 - 70 . [ 3 aug . 2012 ] page ( s ) : 50 [ details ]
snyder , vermeij & lyons , 2012 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 607870 on 2018 - 07 - 09
snyder m . a . , vermeij g . j . & lyons w . g . ( 2012 ) the genera and biogeography of fasciolariinae ( gastropoda , neogastropoda , fasciolariidae ) . basteria 76 ( 1 - 3 ) : 31 - 70 . [ 3 aug . 2012 ] [ details ]
( of fasciolaria strebeli fulton , 1930 ) kilburn r . n . ( 1974 ) . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 3 ) : gastropoda : prosobranchia , with descriptions of new taxa of naticidae , fasciolariidae , magilidae , volutomitridae and turridae . annals of the natal museum . 22 : 187 - 220 . [ details ]
( of fasciolaria strebeli fulton , 1930 ) marais j . p . & r . n . kilburn ( 2010 ) fasciolariidae . pp . 106 - 137 , in : marais a . p . & seccombe a . d . ( eds ) , identification guide to the seashells of south africa . volume 1 . groenkloof : centre for molluscan studies . 376 pp . [ details ]
( of fasciolaria lugubris heynemanni dunker , 1876 ) branch , g . m . et al . ( 2002 ) . two oceans . 5th impression . david philip , cate town & johannesburg . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fasciolaria lugubris heynemanni dunker , 1876 ) marais j . p . & r . n . kilburn ( 2010 ) fasciolariidae . pp . 106 - 137 , in : marais a . p . & seccombe a . d . ( eds ) , identification guide to the seashells of south africa . volume 1 . groenkloof : centre for molluscan studies . 376 pp . [ details ]
( of pleuroploca heynemanni ( dunker , 1876 ) ) snyder m . a . ( 2003 ) . catalogue of the marine gastropod family fasciolariidae . academy of natural sciences . of philadelphia , special publication . 21iii + 1–431 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of fasciolaria heynemanni dunker , 1876 ) snyder m . a . ( 2000 ) . nomenclatural emendations in the family fasciolariidae . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 150 : 173 - 179 [ details ]
( of fasciolaria heynemanni dunker , 1876 ) kilburn r . n . ( 1974 ) . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 3 ) : gastropoda : prosobranchia , with descriptions of new taxa of naticidae , fasciolariidae , magilidae , volutomitridae and turridae . annals of the natal museum . 22 : 187 - 220 . [ details ]
( of fasciolaria ( pleuroploca ) heynemanni dunker , 1876 ) kilburn r . n . ( 1974 ) . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 3 ) : gastropoda : prosobranchia , with descriptions of new taxa of naticidae , fasciolariidae , magilidae , volutomitridae and turridae . annals of the natal museum . 22 : 187 - 220 . [ details ]
( of fasciolaria scholvieni strebel , 1912 ) kilburn r . n . ( 1974 ) . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 3 ) : gastropoda : prosobranchia , with descriptions of new taxa of naticidae , fasciolariidae , magilidae , volutomitridae and turridae . annals of the natal museum . 22 : 187 - 220 . [ details ]
( of fasciolaria scholvieni strebel , 1912 ) marais j . p . & r . n . kilburn ( 2010 ) fasciolariidae . pp . 106 - 137 , in : marais a . p . & seccombe a . d . ( eds ) , identification guide to the seashells of south africa . volume 1 . groenkloof : centre for molluscan studies . 376 pp . [ details ]
( of fasciolaria ( pleuroploca ) scholvieni strebel , 1912 ) kilburn r . n . ( 1974 ) . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 3 ) : gastropoda : prosobranchia , with descriptions of new taxa of naticidae , fasciolariidae , magilidae , volutomitridae and turridae . annals of the natal museum . 22 : 187 - 220 . [ details ]
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fasciolaria agulhasensis tomlin , j . r . le b . , 1932 : s africa
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full reference : m . a . snyder , g . j . vermeij , and w . g . lyons . 2012 . the genera and biogeography of fasciolariinae ( gastropoda , neogastropoda , fasciolariidae ) . basteria 76 ( 1 - 3 ) : 31 - 70
parent taxon : fasciolariinae according to m . a . snyder et al . 2012
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( of fasciolaria agulhasensis tomlin , 1932 ) kilburn r . n . ( 1974 ) . taxonomic notes on south african marine mollusca ( 3 ) : gastropoda : prosobranchia , with descriptions of new taxa of naticidae , fasciolariidae , magilidae , volutomitridae and turridae . annals of the natal museum . 22 : 187 - 220 . [ details ]
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species australaria bakeri ( j . h . gatliff & c . j . gabriel , 1912 )
species australaria coronata ( j . b . p . a . lamarck , 1822 )
species australaria tenuitesta m . a . snyder , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012
species fasciolaria branhamae h . a . rehder & r . t . abbott , 1951
species glaphyrina caudata j . r . c . quoy & j . p . gaimard , 1833
species latirus hemphilli j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951
species latirus mediamericanus j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951
species latirus socorroensis j . g . hertlein & a . m . strong , 1951
dentifusus rosenberg , g . & g . j . vermeij , 2003 type species : dentifusus deynzeri vermeij , g . j . & g . rosenberg , 2003
microfulgur finlay , h . j . & j . marwick , 1937 type species : microfulgur longirostris marshall , 1937
fasciolaria lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1799 type species : fasciolaria tulipa tulipa linnaeus , c . , 1758
africolaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : africolaria rutila watson , r . b . , 1882
aurantilaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : fasciolaria aurantiaca lesson , r . p . , 1842
australaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : australaria australasia perry , g . , 1811
cinctura hollister , s . c . , 1957 type species : cinctura hunteria hunteria perry , g . , 1811
conradconfusus snyder , m . a . , 2002 type species : conradconfusus parilis conrad , t . a . , 1832
filifusus snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : filifusus filamentosus röding , p . f . , 1798
granolaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : granolaria salmo wood , w . , 1828
lugubrilaria snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 type species : lugubrilaria lugubris adams , a . & l . a . reeve in reeve , l . a . , 1847
microcolus cotton , b . c . & f . k . godfrey , 1932 type species : microcolus dunkeri jonas , j . h . , 1844
pleuroploca fischer , 1884 type species : pleuroploca trapezium linnaeus , c . , 1758
pleuroploca ( pleia ) finlay , h . j . , 1930 type species : pleuroploca ( pleia ) decipiens tate , r .
pustulatirus vermeij , g . j . & m . a . snyder , 2006 type species : pustulatirus mediamericanus hertlein , l . g . & a . m . strong , 1951
tarantinaea monterosato , t . a . de m . di , 1917 type species : tarantinaea lignaria linnaeus , c . , 1758
triplofusus olsson , a . a . & a . harbison , 1953 type species : triplofusus giganteus kiener , l . c . , 1840
turrilatirus vermeij , g . j . & m . a . snyder , 2006 type species : turrilatirus turritus gmelin , j . f . , 1791
fusinus rafinesque , c . s . , 1815 type species : fusinus ( fusinus ) colus linnaeus , c . , 1758
fusinus ( fusinus ) rafinesque , c . s . , 1815 type species : fusinus ( fusinus ) colus linnaeus , c . , 1758
fusinus ( fusinus ) ansatus caboblanquensis ( var . ) † ? ( 3 )
fusinus ( aptyxis ) troschel , f . h . , 1868 type species : fusinus ( aptyxis ) syracusanus linnaeus , c . , 1758
fusinus ( barbarofusus ) grabau , a . w . & shimer , 1909 type species : fusinus ( barbarofusus ) barbarensis trask , 1855
fusinus ( heilprinia ) grabau , a . w . , 1904 type species : fusinus ( heilprinia ) caloosaensis heilprin , a . , 1887
amiantofusus fraussen , k . , yu . i . kantor & r . hadorn , 2007 type species : amiantofusus amiantus dall , w . h . , 1889
chryseofusus hadorn , r . & k . fraussen , 2003 type species : chryseofusus chrysodomoides schepman , m . m . , 1911
cyrtulus hinds , r . b . , 1843 type species : cyrtulus serotinus hinds , r . b . , 1844
glaphyrina finlay , h . j . , 1926 type species : glaphyrina vulpicolor sowerby , g . b . iii , 1880
granulifusus kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1954 type species : granulifusus niponicus niponicus smith , e . a . , 1879
harasewychia petuch , e . j . , 1987 type species : harasewychia harasewychi petuch , e . j . , 1987
harfordia dall , w . h . , 1921 type species : harfordia harfordii stearns , r . e . c . , 1871
marmarofusus snyder , m . a . & w . g . lyons , 2014 type species : marmarofusus nicobaricus röding , p . f . , 1798
ollaphon iredale , t . , 1929 type species : ollaphon molorthus hedley , c . & w . l . may , 1908
sinistralia adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1853 type species : sinistralia maroccensis gmelin , j . f . , 1791
trophonofusus kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1971 type species : trophonofusus muricatoides yokoyama , m . , 1920
viridifusus snyder , m . a . , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons type species : viridifusus buxeus reeve , l . a . , 1847
peristernia mörch , o . a . l . , 1852 type species : peristernia nassatula lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
peristernia ( nodopelagia ) hedley , c . , 1915 type species : peristernia ( nodopelagia ) brazieri angas , g . f . , 1877
bullockus lyons , w . g . & m . a . snyder , 2008 type species : unknowngenustype
dolicholatirus bellardi , l . , 1884 type species : dolicholatirus lanceus gmelin , j . f . , 1791
dolicholatirus ( fractolatirus ) iredale , t . , 1936 type species : dolicholatirus ( fractolatirus ) normalis iredale , t . , 1936
hemipolygona rovereto , g . , 1899 type species : hemipolygona armatus adams , a . , 1855
latirolagena harris , g . d . , 1897 type species : latirolagena smaragdula linnaeus , c . , 1758
benimakia habe , t . , 1958 type species : benimakia rhodostomus dunker , r . w . , 1860
latirus montfort , p . d . de , 1810 type species : latirus aurantiacus montfort , p . d . de , 1810
latirus ( latirulus ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1889 type species : latirus ( latirulus ) subaffinis orbigny , a . v . m . d . d ' , 1850
latirus ( polygona ) schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : latirus ( polygona ) fusiformis schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817
latirus ( pseudolatirus ) bellardi , l . , 1884 type species : latirus ( pseudolatirus ) bilineata hörnes , m . , 1853
crassibougia stahlschmidt , p . & k . fraussen , 2012 type species : niso terebellum dillwyn , l . w . , 1817
cryptofusus beu , a . g . , 2011 type species : cryptofusus cryptocarinatus dell , r . k . , 1956
fusolatirus kuroda , t . & t . habe in kuroda , t . , t . habe & k . oyama , 1971 type species : peristernia pilsbryi kuroda , t . & t . habe , 1952
lamellilatirus lyons , w . g . & m . a . snyder , 2013 type species : lamellilatirus ceramidus dall , w . h . , 1889
leucozonia gray , j . e . , 1847 type species : leucozonia nassa nassa gmelin , j . f . , 1791
lightbournus lyons , w . g . & m . a . snyder , 2008 type species : unknowngenustype
nodolatirus bouchet , ph . & m . a . snyder , 2013 type species : unknowngenustype
opeatostoma berry , s . s . , 1958 type species : opeatostoma pseudodon burrow , e . j . , 1815
taron hutton , f . w . , 1883 type species : taron dubius hutton , f . w . , 1878
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subfamily : fasciolariinae - genus : fusolatirus j . t . kuroda & t . habe , 1971 ( db : 17 sp , 16 img )
subfamily : fasciolariinae - genus : glaphyrina h . j . finlay , 1927 ( db : 3 sp , 1 img )
subfamily : fasciolariinae - genus : harasewychia e . j . petuch , 1987 ( db : 1 sp , 0 img )
subfamily : fasciolariinae - genus : lugubrilaria m . a . snyder , g . j . vermeij & w . g . lyons , 2012 ( db : 3 sp , 1 img )
subfamily : fasciolariinae - genus : microfulgur h . j . finlay & j . marwick , 1937 ( db : 3 sp , 2 img )
subfamily : fasciolariinae - genus : pleuroploca p . fischer , 1884 ( db : 14 sp , 9 img )
subfamily : fasciolariinae - genus : polygona h . c . f . schumacher , 1817 ( db : 22 sp , 14 img )


garrha atoecha is a moth in the oecophoridae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1886 .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from new south wales and queensland .

the wingspan is 19 – 23 mm .

the forewings are whitish , thickly irrorated with red scales .

the costal edge is red , the extreme edge whitish .

the markings are purplish-fuscous and indistinct .

there is a discal dot at two-fifths , and a second at four-fifths , as well as three indistinctly suffused transverse lines , all partially obsolete , first at one-fifth , second just posterior to the first and the third through the second dot , distinct on the costa .

a fourth line runs parallel to the hindmargin and is indistinct towards the costa .

there is a row of suffused dots along the hindmargin .

the hindwings are yellow .

garrha atoecha

choose one > garrha absumptella > garrha amata > garrha atoecha > garrha atripunctatella > garrha carnea > garrha costimacula > garrha icasta > garrha leucerythra > garrha mellichroa > garrha mesodesma > garrha mitescens > garrha moderatella > garrha ocellifera > garrha oncospila > garrha paraderces > garrha phoenopis > garrha platyporphyra > garrha pudica > garrha repandula > garrha rubella > garrha rufa > garrha rufescens > garrha rufimaculella > garrha sincerella > garrha sp . anic1 > garrha sp . anic10 > garrha sp . anic104 > garrha sp . anic105 > garrha sp . anic108 > garrha sp . anic111 > garrha sp . anic112 > garrha sp . anic116 > garrha sp . anic117 > garrha sp . anic122 > garrha sp . anic125 > garrha sp . anic129 > garrha sp . anic13 > garrha sp . anic131 > garrha sp . anic132 > garrha sp . anic133 > garrha sp . anic138 > garrha sp . anic140 > garrha sp . anic142 > garrha sp . anic143 > garrha sp . anic144 > garrha sp . anic147 > garrha sp . anic15 > garrha sp . anic154 > garrha sp . anic157 > garrha sp . anic16 > garrha sp . anic165 > garrha sp . anic167 > garrha sp . anic168 > garrha sp . anic169 > garrha sp . anic172 > garrha sp . anic177 > garrha sp . anic20 > garrha sp . anic23 > garrha sp . anic28 > garrha sp . anic34 > garrha sp . anic36 > garrha sp . anic38 > garrha sp . anic40 > garrha sp . anic41 > garrha sp . anic45 > garrha sp . anic46 > garrha sp . anic50 > garrha sp . anic51 > garrha sp . anic59 > garrha sp . anic6 > garrha sp . anic61 > garrha sp . anic62 > garrha sp . anic64 > garrha sp . anic66 > garrha sp . anic71 > garrha sp . anic74 > garrha sp . anic82 > garrha sp . anic83 > garrha sp . anic86 > garrha sp . anic91 > garrha sp . anic93 > garrha sp . anic97 > garrha spatiosa > garrha submissa all lower taxonomy nodes ( 84 )
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nb : the taxon name search is for single names only . for example , to locate dysodia vitrina flammata warren , 1904 you should enter flammata only .
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turner , a . j . 1896 ,
descriptions of micro - lepidoptera from queensland
, transactions of the royal society of south australia , vol . 20 , pp . 1 - 34
turner , a . j . 1946 ,
revision of australian lepidoptera . oecophoridae . xiii
, proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , vol . 70 , pp . 93 - 120
meyrick , e . 1886 ,
descriptions of australian micro - lepidoptera . xii . oecophoridae
, proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , ser . 1 , vol . 10 , no . 4 , pp . 765 - 832
lower , o . b . 1900 ,
descriptions of new australian lepidoptera
, proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales , vol . 25 , pp . 29 - 51 , 403 - 423
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 778beaf7 - 4368 - 447a - a393 - 30fb05071c87
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : dfcee1c2 - 0f88 - 4890 - 8ad8 - 526ccc994583
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a9812024 - 0626 - 443f - bb1c - 5d8ef96e1896
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 290653
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