satomi 's pygmy seahorse ( hippocampus satomiae ) is the smallest known seahorse in the world with an average length of 13.8 millimetres ( 0.54 in ) and an approximate height of 11.5 millimetres ( 0.45 in ) .

this member of the syngnathidae family is found at the derawan islands off kalimantan .

this species name , h. satomiae , is in honour of satomi onishi , the dive guide who collected the type specimens .

hippocampus satomiae was selected as one of " the top 10 new species " described in 2009 by the international institute for species exploration at arizona state university and an international committee of taxonomists .

satomi ' s pygmy seahorse

okay , now let’s get onto today’s amazing animal , the satomi’s pygmy seahorse .
satomi’s pygmy seahorse is potentially the world’s smallest seahorse , and is hardly more than the size of a penny .
satomi’s pygmy seahorse is named after the dive guide who collected the first specimens , miss satomi onishi .
the satomi’s pygmy seahorse is the smallest species of seahorse on the planet…until we discover one that is a little smaller .
the offspring of satomi’s pygmy seahorse are each about the size of an apostrophe written in font size 12 .
as in all seahorse species , it is the male satomi’s pygmy seahorse that becomes ‘pregnant’ , carrying the eggs in a brooding area on the body .
at under half an inch tall ( 13 millimeters ) , satomi ' s pygmy seahorse—named after dive guide satomi onishi—is a strong contender for the world ' s smallest seahorse . with their tails stretched out straight , two satomi ' s pygmy seahorses would fit head - to - head across the face of a penny .
together with two other species , satomi ' s pygmy seahorses were named in a december 2008 study .
it appears that the physical characteristics of satomi’s pygmy seahorse provide effective camouflage against its habitat , protecting it from potential predators ( 2 ) .
the brooding area on satomi’s pygmy seahorse is located on the male’s body , in front of the anus . newborn individuals are only three millimetres in height and are entirely jet black ( 2 ) .
you’re looking at the world’s smallest seahorse ( or at least , that we know of ) . it was only just recently discovered back in 2008 in the waters of the islands surrounding borneo . it’s called satomi’s pygmy seahorse ( hippocampus satomiae ) after the dive guide , satomi onishi , who collected the first specimens .
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satomi’s pygmy seahorse is known to be present at several sites within indonesia , such as derawan island , and lambeh in northern sulawesi . this species is also known from northern borneo ( 2 ) .
facts about the common seahorse , the pygmy seahorse , the leafy sea dragon , the weedy sea dragon , the pipefish and more .
satomi’s pygmy seahorse is classified as data deficient ( dd ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) , and all hippocampus species are listed on appendix ii of cites ( 1 ) ( 3 ) .
there is currently no data available on the diet of satomi’s pygmy seahorse . however , in general seahorses feed opportunistically , sucking nearby invertebrate prey swiftly from the water through their tube - like snout ( 5 ) .
as in other seahorses , the male satomi’s pygmy seahorse has a brooding pouch where the female deposits eggs and the male then fertilises and incubates them . one of the male specimens collected was carrying around eight eggs in the brooding area ( 2 ) .
a marine species , satomi’s pygmy seahorse has been observed on a variety of soft sea fan corals , and in proximity to aquatic invertebrates such as colonial hydrozoans and bryozoans . this seahorse species has also been found among coralline algae , hard corals such as fungia species , and in rock crevices ( 2 ) .
lourie , s . and kuiter , r . ( 2008 ) three new pygmy seahorse species from indonesia ( teleostei : syngnathidae : hippocampus ) . zootaxa , 1963 : 54 - 68 .
lourie , s . a . and r . h . kuiter . 2008 . three new pygmy seahorse species from indonesia ( teleostei : syngnathidae : hippocampus ) . zootaxa 1963 : 54 - 68 .
the diminutive satomi’s pygmy seahorse ( hippocampus satomiae ) is believed to be one of the world’s tiniest seahorses ( 4 ) . either transparent - grey or pale whitish - brown , this tiny seahorse has red blotches on the operculum , body and tail , and the tail also has brown banding ( 2 ) . the top of the head is darker than the remainder of the body , and each eye is surrounded by a black ring and has a dark spot in front . spines all over the body give satomi’s pygmy seahorse an uneven appearance . the most obvious of the spines are the large double pair above each eye and an angular one on the nose ( 2 ) .
satomi’s pygmy seahorse only grow to an average length of 13 . 8 millimeters ( 0 . 54 in ) and an approximate height of 11 . 5 millimetres ( 0 . 45 in ) . that’s super tiny . stop and think about that for a second ! no wonder it took so long to find these guys . how could you ever spot them ?
after 990 wild facts , i have learned that i can’t just go on and mention that the satomi’s pygmy seahorse is the smallest seahorse in the world without providing the dimensions , so here they are . this amazingly small seahorse has an average length of 13 . 8 millimetres ( 0 . 54″ ) and a height of 11 . 5 millimetres ( 0 . 45″ ) . with sizes such as this , i can understand how they went undetected for so long . to make detection even more difficult , the satomi’s pygmy seahorse is known for being incredibly elusive during the day . their transparent ( usually has a white or greyish tint to it ) body allows them to blend in very well with their ocean background .
lourie , s . a . and r . h . kuiter , 2008 . three new pygmy seahorse species from indonesia ( teleostei : syngnathidae : hippocampus ) . zootaxa 1963 : 54 - 68 . ( ref . 79848 )
no specific conservation measures are currently known to be in place for satomi’s pygmy seahorse . however , all members of the hippocampus genus are listed under appendix ii of the convention on international trade in endangered species ( cites ) , and therefore trade in this species should be carefully controlled and monitored ( 1 ) ( 3 ) .
as day turns to night , the satomi’s pygmy seahorse will gather with 3 to 5 other individuals as it appears they hate sleeping alone . these groups of seahorses will come together just below the beautiful coral reefs and spend the night together . i am not sure why they exhibit this behaviour but it could very well be a defence mechanism as many animals will sleep in a group surrounding to protect against any deadly predators . why do you think this pygmy seahorse doesn’t like sleeping alone ?
scales , h . ( 2010 ) sea life photos : five new pygmy seahorse species found . national geographic news , 28 october . available at : urltoken
lourie , s . a . ; kuiter , r . h . ( 2008 ) . three new pygmy seahorse species from indonesia ( teleostei : syngnathidae : hippocampus ) . zootaxa , 1963 : 54 - 68 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
satomi’s pygmy seahorses gather at night to rest in groups of three to five individuals . these groups converge on small sea fans at depths of 15 to 20 metres , below overhanging reefs . this species becomes active again at dawn , but is highly elusive during the daytime ( 2 ) .
this species is named in honour of miss satomi onishi , the dive guide who collected the type specimens .
the barbados threadsnake , leptotyphlops carlae , is just 4 . 1 inches long , making it probably the world ' s smallest snake . it was discovered in st joseph ' s parish , barbados .
seahorse and syngnathidae family information , anatomy , feeding , communication , reproduction , predators .
the diver that discovered this new specimen has definitely received his 15 minutes of fame ( maybe a little more ) as this seahorse was named after satomi onishi . just once , i would like someone to name an animal after me 🙂
this tiny seahorse , hippocampus satomiae , grows no bigger than a pea , with a length of just over half an inch ( 13 . 8mm ) and an approximate height of 0 . 45ins ( 11 . 5mm ) . this pygmy species was found near derawan island off kalimantan in indonesia and is named after the diver , satomi onishi , who collected the samples .
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the size of a seahorse can be as small as ½ inch tall . the largest ones are only about 8 inches tall .
considering how difficult these creatures would be to spot , i think mr . satomi onishi deserves to have it named after him . great job on finding these elusive little horses .
due to the unique appearance of the seahorse they are a very common pet . people do like to keep them at home in aquariums .
fossils of the seahorse are very few but there have been some significant findings . they are dated back to about 3 million years ago . it is believed that the seahorse evolved in order to do well in shallow areas of water . they were able to thrive on the sea grass habitats found there .
this species is named in honour of miss satomi onishi , the dive guide who collected the type specimens ( lourie and kuiter 2008 ) . lourie et al . ( 2016 ) placed hippocampus waleananus into synonymy with h . satomiae .
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the trade quantities in which this species is involved in are unknown but thought to be minimal , as pygmy seahorses are not susceptible to bycatch like their larger congenerics . the species has not been documented in the aquarium trade .
in many locations huge nets are in place along the areas where the seahorse lives . this type of commercial fishing for them removes thousands of them from their natural environment every single year .
hippocampus satomiae is a coastal pygmy seahorse that inhabits waters in central indonesia and northern borneo . the species is threatened by coral reef habitat degradation and loss . it is only known from a few specimens and localities , and further research is needed to determine its range , population size and trends in abundance , threats , and how ongoing coral loss is affecting the species . therefore h . satomiae is listed as data deficient .
one of the most interesting living creatures in the bodies of water is the seahorse . they have a very unique look that people are quite interested in . with a face that looks like a horse that is where the name came from .
the seahorse doesn’t seem to do very well in captivity . many people continue to keep them in an aquarium but they often die due to high levels of stress or disease . in many locations the number of them in the wild are being depleted .
before we get into today’s wild fact , i would just like everyone to take a quick peak into the title of this fact . that’s right , it says wild fact # 10 . ladies and gentleman , boy and girls , we have made it to the top 10 wild facts . in an attempt to reflect on the beginning of this project , i will be including a link at the bottom of the final 10 wild facts . this link will bring you to the corresponding wild fact from the beginning of the project . so for today , you will see a link to wild fact # 990 – the tenth wild fact every written .
the large snout on a seahorse is very prominent and that helps them to be easily identified . they don’t do well swimming in the water which is why they will often be seen in a stage of resting . they feed on a variety of different invertebrates and small fish .
most people do not realise just how incomplete our knowledge of earth ' s species is , or the steady rate at which taxonomists are exploring that diversity ,
said entomologist quentin wheeler , the director of the international institute for species exploration at arizona state university , which has compiled the annual report known as the state of observed species .
there are many benefits that the seahorse offers to their natural environment . with so many of them being removed it has also upset some of that balance in many locations . this can have a rippling effect that creates overpopulation of many other living things in the various bodies of water out there around the world .
an international committee of experts , chaired by janine caira from the university of connecticut , selected the
top 10
new species based on assessment of each creature ' s unique attributes and surprising features . among the most intriguing plants on the list are a caffeine - free coffee plant and a palm tree from north - western madagascar that produces a huge , spectacular inflorescence with countless flowers in a magnificent display just before it collapses and dies .
from this inventory , researchers involved in the task of naming and describing newly discovered species drew up a list of the
top 10
animals , plants and microbes that illustrate the wondrous – and often bizarre – diversity of life on earth . they include a bacterium that lives in hairspray , a stick insect that is nearly two feet long and a pea - sized seahorse .
there are many natural predators of the seahorse but they vary depending on location . some of them include the stingray , manta ray , penguins , and crabs . however , the weather is a huge problem for them and kills more adults than any other problem . they often die of exhaustion when they try to move for long periods of time in the fast moving waters . usually they live in areas that are very mild in movement but the chances in weather can quickly alter that for them .
they include a tiny snake no more than four inches long , a snail with a shell that twists in four directions and a palm tree that flowers itself to death .
these are just some of the more than 18 , 500 species formally described as new to science in 2007 – the latest year such information is available .
there are an estimated 1 . 8 million species that have been formally named and described over the past 300 years since swedish scientist carolus linnaeus started his binomial system of taxonomic classification . but this number is widely recognised as a gross underestimation of the true total of lifeforms . estimates for the number of living species on the planet vary from two million to 100 million – although most scientists believe it to be closer to 10 million .
biologists named and described 18 , 516 species in 2007 , an increase on the 16 , 969 species described in 2006 . of these , 75 per cent were invertebrate , 11 per cent were vascular plants and nearly 7 per cent were vertebrates , such as the tiny snake . the scientists for the first time included prokaryote bacteria , such as the microbe that japanese researchers discovered living in hairspray .
charting the species of the world and their unique attributes are essential parts of understanding the history of life . it is in our own self interest as we face the challenges of living on a rapidly changing planet ,
said professor wheeler .
the research centres involved in compiling the list of new species said that of all the reasons to document life in this way ,
perhaps the most compelling is curiosity about the diversity of life analogous to our quest to map the stars of the milky way and the contours of the ocean floor
.
coffee charrieriana is the first recorded caffeine - free coffee plant from central africa . it is named after coffee expert professor andre charrier of the institut de recherche pour le développement in france , a centre of coffee research .
the eerily white ghost slug , selenochlamys ysbryda , was found in cardiff . its discovery in such as in a densely - populated area was a surprise , said scientists .
this is the oldest known vertebrate that can be shown to have given birth to live young , as opposed to laying eggs . the species , materpiscis attenboroughi , lived about 380 million years ago and its fossil was discovered at a site in western australia .
the body of phobaeticus chani can grow to 14 inches ( 36 . 6cm ) , which when added to its legs gives it an overall length of more than 22 inches . the insect , which resembles a stick , was found in borneo , malaysia .
the blue wonder this beautiful species of damselfish , chromis abyssus , was discovered in a deep - reef habitat off the coast of the pacific island of ngemelis in palau . its discovery highlights just how little is known of deep reefs .
only 100 specimens of tahina spectablilis , a gigantic species of palm that dies soon after its flowers appear , have been found in its wild habitat in madagascar . its seeds have since been distributed widely and it is now a highly - prized ornamental plant .
unusual
extremophile
bacteria called microbacterium hatanonis was found living in hairspray by japanese scientists .
this malaysian snail , opisthostoma vermiculum , is unusual in that its shell twists along four different axes . it lives in the limestone hills of malaysia .
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froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
greek , ippos = horse + greek , kampe = curvature ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; benthopelagic ; non - migratory ; depth range 5 - 20 m ( ref . 79848 ) . tropical
south east asia : indonesia . known from scattered localities , including derawan ( type locality ) , and lembeh strait ( northern sulawesi ) , as well as northern borneo , malaysia ( ref . 79848 ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 1 . 4 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 79848 ) ; 1 . 3 cm sl ( female )
dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 13 . extremely small size ( height 11 mm , standard length 14 mm ) ; 12 trunk rings ; 27–28 tail rings ; reduced ossification of inferior and ventral trunk ridges ; 13 dorsal fin rays ; 9 pectoral fin rays ; small or absent anal fin ; brooding area in males anterior to anus ; well–developed spine on snout between eyes ; distinct raised coronet with laterally expanded anterior and posterior flanges ( ' h–shaped ' when viewed from above ) ; snout without a bulbous tip ; single gill opening on midline directly behind coronet supported by raised cleithral bone ; large spines above eyes ( double ) , laterally on head , on shoulder ( cleithral ) ring , bordering throat , and on superior trunk ridge ( especially well–developed on trr1–2 , 5 , 8 and 12 and tar4 , 8 , 11 , 14 ) ; spines also present on lateral and ventral angles between trunk ridges and rings ; spines on superior ridge of first and second trunk rings appear externally as if they are fused ( ref . 79848 ) .
hippocampus satomiae congregates at night in groups of 3–5 individuals on small seafans , at depths of 15–20 m depth on the bottom below reef overhangs . during the day h . satomiae are difficult to find , even in areas where they are known to occur . at dawn individuals become active . at birth , the young are jet–black , about 3 mm in height and shaped similarly to the adults . they settle on the bottom near to their place of birth ( onishi , pers . comm . ) . the holotype , collected in october , was pregnant and carrying approximately eight young ( ref . 79848 ) .
) : 28 . 3 - 29 . 3 , mean 28 . 8 ( based on 771 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00427 ( 0 . 00164 - 0 . 01111 ) , b = 3 . 00 ( 2 . 78 - 3 . 22 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 0 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .
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bryozoa a group of sedentary aquatic invertebrates that typically live in colonies of interconnected individuals . these colonies have a mossy appearance , giving bryozoans the name ‘moss animals’ . most bryozoans use tentacles to filter small food particles out of the water . coralline algae red algae ( a type of simple plant without roots , stems or leaves ) in the family corallinaceae . these algae are hard due to deposits of chalky calcium carbonate within the cell walls , and are usually coloured pink , purple or red . fertilisation the fusion of gametes ( male and female reproductive cells ) to produce an embryo , which grows into a new individual . genus a category used in taxonomy , which is below ‘family’ and above ‘species’ . a genus tends to contain species that have characteristics in common . the genus forms the first part of a ‘binomial’ latin species name ; the second part is the specific name . gestation the state of being pregnant ; the period from conception to birth . hydrozoa a group of aquatic invertebrates that includes hydras and jellyfishes . many hydrozoans are colonial , and in some species the life cycle alternates between a free - swimming reproductive form and a solitary or colonial sedentary form . incubate to keep eggs warm so that development is possible . invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) and echinoderms . operculum in fish , a hard , bony flap that covers and protects the gills . sea fan a type of coral that grows from a point of attachment and has a tree - or fan - like skeleton . sea fans are mainly found in warmer seas .
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to date there have been no dedicated surveys or population estimates for hippocampus satomiae . further research is needed in order to determine population size and trends in abundance for this species .
are difficult to find , even in areas where they are known to occur .
congregate at night , in groups of 3–5 individuals , on small sea fans and occur at depths between 15–20 m on the bottom below reef overhangs ( lourie and kuiter 2008 ) . little is known about feeding , but other seahorses tend to consume crustaceans such as gammarid and caridean shrimps , mysids , amphipods , and copepods ( woods 2002 , kitsos
their reproductive biology is also unknown , but seahorses in general are ovoviviparous and males brood the young in a pouch prior to giving live birth ( foster and vincent 2004 ) . at birth , the young are jet - black , about 3 mm in height and shaped similarly to the adults . they settle on the bottom close to their place of birth . the holotype , collected in october , was pregnant and carrying approximately eight young ( lourie and kuiter 2008 ) .
they are extremely small in size , with a height of 11 mm and a standard length of 14 mm ( lourie and kuiter 2008 ) .
this species is threatened by coral reef habitat degradation and loss resulting from coastal development and pollution , destructive fishing practices such as trawling and dynamite fishing , ocean acidification , and the effects of climate change including rising sea surface temperatures , increased storm frequency ( bruno and selig 2007 , carpenter et al . 2008 ) . corals around the world are currently undergoing unprecedented mass bleaching , which may be further impacting this species ( normile 2016 ) . further research is needed to better understand this species ' habitat and how coral loss is affecting wild populations .
there are no species - specific conservation measures in place for hippocampus satomiae . the species is listed along with all other seahorses on cites appendix ii , under which trade is regulated and must be sustainable . it is not known whether this species occurs in any protected areas .
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these miniscule seahorses from indonesian reefs have been seen giving birth to tiny offspring , each about the size of a 12 - point apostrophe .
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hippocampus satomiae was selected as one of “the top 10 new species” described in 2009 by the international institute for species exploration at arizona state university and an international committee of taxonomists .
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habitat , anatomy , feeding , reproduction , predators and all the information about seahorses .
there are more than 40 different species of seahorses found in the world . they are scattered with a wide diversification out there .
they are found in many bodies of water around the world . they prefer locations that are shallow , warm , and tropical in nature . they tend to blend in very wall to their surroundings so you may not see them at all unless they are pointed out to you .
some seahorses are very small too which makes them even harder to find . the smallest species are about ½ inch tall . the largest ones are around 8 inches tall . you will find plenty of species that are between these two spectrums .
there are approximately 40 different spices that have been identified . while they all have some common features there are enough differences to put them into various categories . some are able to change colors too so that they can consistently blend into their surroundings .
they are also able to hide in those areas due to body blending in so well . the camouflage allows them to remain well protected against various types of predators . the males are the ones that will carry the eggs for the young . they are placed into his body by the female after some complex mating rituals have taken place .
this has to do with their natural habitat being reduced in many locations . they are also heavily hunted in various places such as china to be used in herbal forms of medicine . other locations such as indonesia are also part of the trade for them to be heavily hunted and used .
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phiala punctulata is a moth in the eupterotidae family .

it was described by pagenstecher in 1903 .

it is found in malawi and somalia .

phiala punctulata

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cyclotosaurus buechneri is a species of the temnospondyl genus cyclotosaurus from the upper triassic ( middle carnian ) of northwestern germany .

the type and only known specimen is a 28 cm long skull that was found in 1975 by martin büchner , the former director of the natural history museum bielefeld , at a construction site in bielefeld-sieker , germany .

the specimen derives from the stuttgart formation and is kept in the collection of the natural history museum in bielefeld .

cyclotosaurus buechneri differs from other species of cyclotosaurus e.g. by a narrower distance between the orbitae , a more slender postorbital region and a distinct shape of the jugal .

it was nearly 2 meter long and is the only unequivocal evidence of a cyclotosaur in northern germany .

cyclotosaurus buechneri

how can i put and write and define cyclotosaurus buechneri in a sentence and how is the word cyclotosaurus buechneri used in a sentence and examples ? 用cyclotosaurus buechneri造句 , 用cyclotosaurus buechneri造句 , 用cyclotosaurus buechneri造句 , cyclotosaurus buechneri meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
cyclotosaurus buechneri
differs from other species of
cyclotosaurus
e . g . by a narrower distance between the orbitae , a more slender postorbital region and a distinct shape of the jugal .
in 2016 , florian witzmann , sven sachs and christian nyhuis provided a detailed description of the skull and established the new species ,
cyclotosaurus buechneri
, honoring the discoverer .
kudos and congrats on getting to meet another famous person . great image of the cyclotosaurus .
c . buechneri is one of the smaller species of cyclotosaurus but it was most likely the apex predator of its region and biome ( it ' s so far the northernmost fossil of this genus ) .
witzmann , f . , sachs , s . , and nyhuis , c . j . , 2016 , a new species of cyclotosaurus ( stereospondyli , capitosauria ) from the late triassic of bielefeld , nw germany , and the interarelationships of the genus : fossil record , v . 19 , p . 83 - 100 . ( open acess ) . ( cyclotosaurus buechneri )
well , the genus cyclotosaurus has been around for like 100 years . this is just a new species within that genus , so they weren ' t really at liberty to discontinue it .
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dinosaur toy forum diorama contest 2018 , sponsored by urzeitshop : enter now ! help us with the great photobucket purge .
you know you have a lot of prehistoric figures if you have at least twenty items per page of the prehistoric / dinosaur section on ebay .
- anon .
in the kingdom of the blind , better take public transit . well , in the kingdom of the sighted , too , really - - almost everyone is a terrible driver . my collection : urltoken my trade / sale / wishlist thread : urltoken ebay : urltoken
go check out my website regarding my association called the expeditioner ' s discovery guild . if you have an interest in biology , zoology , botany , paleontology , geology , mineralogy , cryptozoology , astrobiology , and xenobiology than you will like working with my group . we are making a series of videos and encyclopedias so come and get some much needed experience ! facebook : urltoken twitter : urltoken google + : urltoken website : urltoken blog : urltoken email : [ email protected ]
i love it but . . . if it is an amphibian . . . why name it
. . . saurus
?
there ' s another prehistoric amphibian with the suffix saurus in its name : mastodonsaurus .
lots of temnospondyls have - saurus names , as the group was initially considered reptilian , and even after their anamniote status was realized , the traditions of giving them - saurus names continued .
some also use - suchus ( like prionosuchus ) . it may often be based on what the discoverer / namer is reminded of , versus its actual taxonomic affinity . we get what they are saying !
other amphibians are tagged with things like ' ophis ' ( snake ' ) or ' ichthys ' fish . it all just depends on what the namer thought it looked like !
it makes sense . of course
basilosaurus
come to my mind . but why to continue that wrong
tradition
?
a few weeks ago i got a message from sven sachs regarding a reconstruction for a new temnospondyli species from bielefeld ( not far from where i live ) . i had the paper already on my table and had a picture already in mind so i sat down for two hours and produced this painting on some paper which was left from another project .
just recently the authors of the new paper realized that they deal with a new species and the delicate fossil is now one of the best protected specimens of the museum .
( stereospondyli , capitosauria ) from the late triassic of bielefeld , nw germany , and the intrarelationships of the genus . – fossil record 19 , s . 83 - 100 . ( urltoken
hehe , the picture made your head look huge , or is the hugeness a result of so much know how on art and paleontology and paleobiology .
das ist schön , genau die art von paleoart ich sehen möchte . ich mag rekonstruktionen fossiler ( europäischen ) amphibien , wenn sie schauen , wie sie in einem flussbett sind . absolut erstaunlich
oh mein gott joschua ! vielen dank für die in dieser größe referenz hinzufügen , ich habe nie bemerkt , wie groß es war . ich habe mir vorgestellt , etwas kleiner . gut gemacht !
eloquent depiction ! so realistic and tangible ! i love the contrast above and below the water level . and the lighting and texturing is just beautiful . congrats on being involved in this ! i ' m sure it ' s exciting having something like this happen this close to you .
that ' s quite awesome actually to have had the chace to meet those people and even draw in front of the press . congrats on this all also really nice reonstruction , i like how you did the water .
so cool ! was wondering : do temnospondyl scout as amphibians , basal tetrapods , or are they their own group ? also , my fan project pa 1 . 1 has started . you can read the first script on my site .
no . suchus just means croc . but this is meant as an anaphor in the name . its an 5 . 5m amphibean
it ' s neither ! it ' s a temnospondyl amphibian , whereas salamanders are from lissamphibia , which is a relatively distant group of amphibians .
der ist dann doch etwas größer als meine frösche . . . wir in deutschland haben ja so einige riesentemnospondylen ( * hust * mastodontosaurus * hust * ) . schönes bild , im übrigen .
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abstract : rostrum size differences between toarcian belemnite battlefields patrícia rita , kenneth de baets , and martina schlott foss . rec . , 21 , 171 - 182 , urltoken 2018 with the support of ct data , a morphometric analysis was performed with the aim of investigating the rostrum size differences between two toarcian belemnite accumulations . a decrease in size from the early toarcian to the middle toarcian is recognized . it is also demonstrated that diameter - based measurements or maximum preserved length are not reliable proxies for rostrum size , and therefore apical length or three - dimensional approximations are more advisable . pubdate : 2018 - 06 - 07t13 : 56 : 30 + 02 : 00
abstract : osseous anomalies of the cryptobranchid eoscapherpeton asiaticum ( amphibia : caudata ) from the late cretaceous of uzbekistan pavel skutschas , veniamin kolchanov , elizaveta boitsova , and ivan kuzmin foss . rec . , 21 , 159 - 169 , urltoken 2018 paleopathologies among fossil members of modern groups of amphibians are poorly documented . we describe pathologies of the fossil salamander eoscapherpeton asiaticum from the late cretaceous of uzbekistan . these pathologies can result from trauma , infection from trauma and congenital disorders . the occurrence of several traumatic femoral pathologies in eoscapherpeton could result from intraspecific aggressive behavior . bone pathologies are described for the first time in fossil salamanders . pubdate : 2018 - 04 - 27t10 : 12 : 34 + 02 : 00
abstract : new information on the cenomanian bothremydid turtle algorachelus based on new , well - preserved material from spain adán pérez - garcía foss . rec . , 21 , 119 - 135 , urltoken 2018 the spanish algorachelus peregrinus is the oldest pleurodiran turtle known in the northern hemisphere . new material is presented , including several shells . the patterns by which some of them were disarticulated are analyzed . several pathologies are identified . the knowledge about the anatomy and intraspecific variability is improved . algorachelus is recognized in the middle east and north america . the oldest known dispersal event of pleurodira from gondwana to laurasia is characterized . pubdate : 2018 - 04 - 13t10 : 12 : 34 + 02 : 00
abstract : a case study of developmental palaeontology in stereosternum tumidum ( mesosauridae , parareptilia ) constanze bickelmann and linda a . tsuji foss . rec . , 21 , 109 - 118 , urltoken 2018 mesosaurs were reptiles that lived around 280 mya . they were the first land reptile group to return to the water . study of a fossil from the museum für naturkunde , berlin reveals a previously unobserved baby skeleton near the adult . this small skeleton can tell us about how these creatures grew ; the lower segment of the hind limb is already proportionally larger than the upper hind limb and the lower and upper forelimbs . this may be because young mesosaurs needed to swim right from birth . pubdate : 2018 - 04 - 03t10 : 12 : 34 + 02 : 00
abstract : a new pachyrhizodontid fish ( actinopterygii , teleostei ) from the muhi quarry ( albian - cenomanian ) , hidalgo , mexico gloria arratia , katia a . gonzález - rodríguez , and citlalli hernández - guerrero foss . rec . , 21 , 93 - 107 , urltoken 2018 a new species of a group of extinct fishes with a worldwide distribution during the cretaceous , about one hundred million years ago , is described . motlayoichthys sergioi is an outstanding fossil fish from mexico with unique characters within the pachyrhizodontidae . this fish is part of a diverse fauna found in a limestone quarry in central mexico . the goal of this paper was to contribute to the knowledge of the family and to continue the study of the muhi quarry fish , endemic to mexico . pubdate : 2018 - 03 - 28t10 : 12 : 34 + 02 : 00
abstract : postcrania of large dissorophid temnospondyls from richards spur , oklahoma bryan m . gee and robert r . reisz foss . rec . , 21 , 79 - 91 , urltoken 2018 this paper presents a description of an extremely well - preserved and articulated skeleton of a temnospondyl amphibian from the early permian of oklahoma . postcranial material is not often well - preserved or well - described in the literature for this group , known as dissorophids , and acquiring new data on this region of the skeleton is important for understanding the evolution of the group . it also represents the first documentation at this site of a genus that was otherwise known only from texas . pubdate : 2018 - 03 - 22t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
abstract : morphology of the early jurassic arietitidae and the effects of syn vivo serpulid infestations michael ramming , dieter korn , carina klein , and christian klug foss . rec . , 21 , 67 - 77 , urltoken 2018 selected specimens from the jurassic ammonoid pararnioceras sp . revealed striking changes in the conch morphology due to a syn vivo growth through a parasitic serpulid . changes in its ontogenetic development are compared with specimens without epizoans . the ecological interpretation of the morphometric data allows the conclusion that the host possessed the ability to counteract the parasitic conch abnormalities by adapting the housing growth , thus ensuring its survival . pubdate : 2018 - 03 - 20t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
abstract : eggs for breakfast ' analysis of a probable mosasaur biting trace on the cretaceous echinoid echinocorys ovata leske , 1778 christian neumann and oliver hampe foss . rec . , 21 , 55 - 66 , urltoken 2018 we describe a biting trace on the oral surface of a large maastrichtian holasteroid echinoid echinocorys ovata from hemmoor ( northern germany ) which exhibits four circular punctures , arranged in a semi - circular arc . the punctures were not lethal to the sea urchin as is indicated by progressed skeletal regeneration and closure of the fractures . the shape and arrangement of the biting trace are analyzed suggesting that it was produced most likely by a globidensine mosasauroid . pubdate : 2018 - 02 - 28t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
abstract : history and development of abcdefg : a data standard for geosciences mareike petersen , falko glöckler , wolfgang kiessling , markus döring , david fichtmüller , lertsutham laphakorn , brian baltruschat , and jana hoffmann foss . rec . , 21 , 47 - 53 , urltoken 2018 natural history museums harbor millions of collection items . to exchange and publish the associated data , an appropriate standard is essential . abcd ( access to biological collection data ) enables together with its extension efg ( extension for geoscience ) sharing and publishing of data related to biology , paleontological , mineralogical , and petrological objects . here , we review the history of abcdefg and highlight its usage by different initiatives and for the data publication in various portals . pubdate : 2018 - 01 - 17t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
abstract : description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale messapicetus gregarius : searching potential proxies for deep - diving abilities benjamin ramassamy , olivier lambert , alberto collareta , mario urbina , and giovanni bianucci foss . rec . , 21 , 11 - 32 , urltoken 2018 extant beaked whales perform deep dives to forage for squids . we studied the morphology of the fossil ziphiid messapicetus gregarius to evaluate its ability to perform such dives . our analysis suggests an enlargement of the pterygoid sinus system in deep divers . in m . gregarius , the pterygoid sinus is enlarged , but other lines of evidence indicate that the coastal environment also represented an important part of its home range . pubdate : 2018 - 01 - 16t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
abstract : relationships of cochlear coiling shape and hearing frequencies in cetaceans , and the occurrence of infrasonic hearing in miocene mysticeti indira s . ritsche , julia m . fahlke , frank wieder , andré hilger , ingo manke , and oliver hampe foss . rec . , 21 , 33 - 45 , urltoken 2018 the objective was to investigate inner ears and in particular the morphology of the cochlea of fossil and recent baleen whales to reconstruct the occurrence of low - frequency hearing . our results of cochlear shape analysis indicate that very low - frequency hearing appeared in the middle miocene , and infrasonic hearing had evolved by the late miocene . cochlear coiling shape is suitable for estimating hearing limits in whales , closely approximated by cochlear length times number of cochlear turns . pubdate : 2018 - 01 - 16t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
large dendrinids meet giant clam : the bioerosion trace fossil neodendrina carnelia igen . et isp . n . in a tridacna shell from pleistocene–holocene coral reef deposits , red sea , egypt
abstract : large dendrinids meet giant clam : the bioerosion trace fossil neodendrina carnelia igen . et isp . n . in a tridacna shell from pleistocene–holocene coral reef deposits , red sea , egypt max wisshak and christian neumann foss . rec . , 21 , 1 - 9 , urltoken 2018 a new bioerosion trace fossil , the rosette - shaped microboring neodendrina carnelia igen . et isp . n . , is described from a giant clam ( tridacna maxima ) discovered in pleistocene to holocene coral reef deposits of the egyptian red sea coast . the trace was formed as a complex attachment scar after the host had ceased . the biological identity of the trace maker , probably either a benthic foraminiferan or a macrophyte , is discussed . pubdate : 2018 - 01 - 10t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
abstract : foramina in plesiosaur cervical centra indicate a specialized vascular system tanja wintrich , martin scaal , and p . martin sander foss . rec . , 20 , 279 - 290 , urltoken 2017 plesiosaurians retain a very long neck but greatly reduce neck flexibility , and the cervicals have large , paired , and highly symmetrical foramina on the ventral side of the centrum , traditionally termed subcentral foramina , and on the floor of the neural canal . we found that these dorsal and the ventral foramina are connected by a canal . the foramen are not for nutrient transfer ; they are the osteological correlates of a highly paedomorphic vascular system in the neck of plesiosaurs . pubdate : 2017 - 12 - 19t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
abstract : koristocetus pescei gen . et sp . nov . , a diminutive sperm whale ( cetacea : odontoceti : kogiidae ) from the late miocene of peru alberto collareta , olivier lambert , christian de muizon , mario urbina , and giovanni bianucci foss . rec . , 20 , 259 - 278 , urltoken 2017 extant pygmy and dwarf sperm whales ( kogia spp . ) are known as small - sized and enigmatic relatives of the great sperm whale physeter . here we describe koristocetus pescei , a new fossil kogiid from the late miocene ( ca 7 million years ago ) of peru . the description of this new form evokes a long history of morphological and ecological diversity in fossil kogiids , thus suggesting that our comprehension of the evolutionary history of diminutive sperm whales is still far from being exhaustive . pubdate : 2017 - 12 - 07t10 : 12 : 34 + 01 : 00
abstract : a new , rare and distinctive species of panorthoptera ( insecta , archaeorthoptera ) from the upper carboniferous of xiaheyan ( ningxia , china ) jun - jie gu , olivier béthoux , and dong ren foss . rec . , 20 , 253 - 257 , urltoken 2017 a new fossil species relative of grasshoppers , crickets and katydids is described from the famous xiaheyan locality ( china ) . compared to other species recovered from these 310 - million - year - old strata , sinogerarus pectinatus gen . and spec . nov . is likely most closely related to extant forms . the group it belongs to will become preeminent a few million years later but is very rare at xiaheyan . pubdate : 2017 - 11 - 07t09 : 35 : 22 + 01 : 00
abstract : identification of the african–european erymnochelys group ( pleurodira , podocnemididae ) in the belgian fossil record : first finding of eocenochelus eremberti outside its type locality adán pérez - garcía and thierry smith foss . rec . , 20 , 245 - 251 , urltoken 2017 a partial carapace of a turtle from the middle eocene of saint - gilles is presented here . although it was donated to the institut royal des sciences naturelles de belgique ( brussels , belgium ) more than a century ago , it remained undescribed . its study allows us to recognize the second pleurodiran turtle in the belgian fossil record . it is the first partial articulate shell of a pleurodiran recognized in belgium , and the only member of this clade recognized in this country at specific level . pubdate : 2017 - 10 - 11t15 : 28 : 23 + 02 : 00
abstract : the wasp larva ' s last supper : 100 million years of evolutionary stasis in the larval development of rhopalosomatid wasps ( hymenoptera : rhopalosomatidae ) volker lohrmann and michael s . engel foss . rec . , 20 , 239 - 244 , urltoken 2017 amber functions as a window into the past , capable of capturing behaviors frozen for millions of years . here , we report on the exceptionally rare discovery of a dinosaur - age larva of a stinging wasp , feeding on its cricket host , in mid - cretaceous amber from myanmar . it reveals a considerable constancy in the biology of this particular family over the last 100 million years . the excellent preservation of the larva is remarkable and due solely to the fidelity permitted by inclusion in amber . pubdate : 2017 - 08 - 25t07 : 43 : 30 + 02 : 00
abstract : the fossil history of pseudoscorpions ( arachnida : pseudoscorpiones ) danilo harms and jason a . dunlop foss . rec . , 20 , 215 - 238 , urltoken 2017 we review the fossil history of pseudoscorpions ( arachnida : pseudoscorpiones ) , one of the oldest terrestrial lineages with a fossil record that goes back to the devonian . pseudoscorpions do not fossilise easily , and records from the mesozoic and cenozoic consist almost exclusively of amber inclusions . overall , 16 of the 26 recent families have been documented from fossils . this is a group of evolutionary stasis and we discuss aspects of palaeobiology , preservation , and ecology . pubdate : 2017 - 08 - 09t07 : 43 : 30 + 02 : 00
abstract : a burmese amber fossil of radula ( porellales , jungermanniopsida ) provides insights into the cretaceous evolution of epiphytic lineages of leafy liverworts julia bechteler , alexander r . schmidt , matthew a . m . renner , bo wang , oscar alejandro pérez - escobar , alfons schäfer - verwimp , kathrin feldberg , and jochen heinrichs foss . rec . , 20 , 201 - 213 , urltoken 2017 dna - based divergence time estimates suggested major changes in the composition of epiphyte lineages of liverworts during the cretaceous ; however , evidence from the fossil record is scarce . we present the first cretaceous fossil of the liverwort genus radula in ca . 100 ma old burmese amber . our analyses support origins of most extant subgenera of radula by the end of the cretaceous and diversification of their crown groups in the cenozoic . pubdate : 2017 - 07 - 27t09 : 23 : 39 + 02 : 00
liu , y . - h . , gai , z . - k . , and zhu , m . , 2017 , new findings of galeaspids ( agnatha ) from the lower devonian of qujing , yunnan , china : verebrata palasitacia , published online , 15pp . ( altigibbaspis huiqingae )
mccoy , v . e . , saupe , e . e . , lamsdell , j . c . , tarhan , l . g . , mcmahon , s . , lidgard , s . , mayer , p . , walen , c . d . , soriano , c . , finney , l . , vogt , s . , clark , e . g . , anderson , r . p . , petermann , h . , locatelli , e . r . , and briggs , d . e . g . , 2016 , the ' tully monster ' is a vertebrate : letter , nature , published online , 4pp .
qiao , t . , king , b . , long , j . a . , ahlberg , p . e . , and zhu , m . , 2016 , early gnathostome phylogeny revisited : multiple method consensus :
public library of science ( plos ) , one , v . 11 , n . 9 , 23 pp .
randle , e . , and sansom , r . s . , 2016 , exploring phylogenetic relationships of pteraspidiformes heterostracans ( stem - gnathostomes ) using continuous and discrete characters : journal of systematic palaeontology , published online , 17pp .
sweetman , s . c . , 2016 , a comparison of barremian - early aptian vertebrate assemblages from the jehol group , north - east china and the wealden group , southern britian : the value of microvertebrate studies in adverse preservational settings : in : ' contributions in honour of zbynek rocek , palaeobiology , palaeonenvironments , v . 96 , p . 149 - 167 .
hairapetian , v . , blom , h . , and turner , s . , 2016 , early frasnian thelondont scales from central iran and thier immpilcations for turiniid taxonomy , systematics and distribution : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 3 , e1100632 , 17 pp . ( neoturinia hutkensis
downs , j . p . , daeschle , r e . b . , garcia , v . e . , and shubin , n . h . , 2016 , a new large - bodied species of bothriolepis ( antiarchi ) from the upper devonian of ellesmere island , nunavut , canada : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 6 , e1221833 , 15pp . ( bothriolepis rex )
dworczak , p . g . , and szrek , p . , 2016 , the late devonian placoderm aspidichthys newberry , 1873 , from the holy cross mountains , poland : fossil record , v . 20 , p . 9 - 19 .
long , j . a . , 2016 , quantifying scientific significance of a fossil site : the gogo fossil sites ( late devonian , western australia ) as a case study : in : papers on palaeontology honouring thomas h . ric , edited by fitzgerald , e . m . g . , memoirs of museum victoria , v . 74 , p . 5 - 15 .
olive , s . , clement , g . , daeschler , e . b . , and dupret , v . , 2016 , placoderm assemblage from the tetrapod - bearing locality of strud ( belgium , upper famennian ) provides evidence for a fish nursery :
public library of science ( plos ) , one , v . 11 , n . 8 , 9 pp .
ogogain , a . o . , falcon - lang , h . j . , carpenter , d . k . , miller , r . f . , benton , m . j . , pufahl , p . k . , ruta , m . , davies , t . g . , hinds , s . j . , and stimson , m . r . , 2016 , fish and tetrapod communities across a marine to brackish salinity gradient in the pennsylvian ( early moscovian ) minto formaiton of new brunswick , canada , and thier palaeoecological and palaeogeographical implications : palaeontology , v . 59 , part 5 , p . 689 - 724 .
averianov , a . , martin , t . , skutschas , p . , danilov , i . , schultz , j . , schellhorn , r . , obraztsova , e . , lopatin , a . , sytchevskaya , e . , kuzmin , i . , krasnolutskii , s . , and ivantsov , s . , 2016 , middle jurassic vertebrate assemblage of berezovsk coal mine in western siberia ( russia ) : global geology , v . 19 , n . 4 , p . 187 - 204 .
beck , k . g . , soler - gijon , r . , carlucci , j . r . , and willis , r . e . , 2016 , morphology and histology of dorsal spines of the xenacanthid shark orthacanthus platypternus from the lower permian of texas , usa : palaeobiological and palaeoenvironmental implications : acta palaeontologica polonica , v . 61 , n . 1 , 97 - 117 .
bertozzi , t . , lee , m . s . y . , and donnellan , s . c . , 2016 , stingray diversification across the end - cretaceous extinctions :
in : papers on palaeontology honouring thomas h . rich , edited by fitzgerald , e . m . g . , memoirs of museum victoria , v . 74 , p . 379 - 390 .
bogan , s . , agnolin , f . l . , and novas , f . e . , 2016 , new selachian records from the upper cretaceous of southern patagonia : paleobiogeographical implications and the description of a new taxon : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 3 , e1105235 , 9 pp . ( protosqualus argentiensis )
coates , m . j . , gess , r . w . , finarelli , j . a . , criswell , k , e . , and tietjen , k . , 2016 , a symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes : nature , published online , leter , 17pp .
cullen , t . m . , and evans , d . c . , 2016 , palaeonenvieronmental drivers of vertebrate community composition in the belly river group ( campanian ) of alberta , canada , with implications for dinosaur biogeography : biomed central , published online , 35pp .
hamad , a . a . , fischer , j . , voigt , s . , keep , h . , and schneider , j . w . , 2016 , first permian occurrence of the shark egg capsule morphotype palaeoxyris brongniart , 1828 ; journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 4 , e1112290 , 4pp .
jacobs , l . l . , polcyn , m . j . , mateus , o . , schulp . a . s . , goncalves , a . o . , and morais , m . l . , 2016 , post - gondwana africa and the vertebrate history of the angolan atlantic coast : in : papers on palaeontology honouring thomas h . rich , edited by fitzgerald , e . m . g . , memoirs of museum victoria , v . 74 , p . 343 - 362 . link to pdf
maisey , j . g . , and denton , j . s . s . , 2016 , dermal denticle patterning in the cretaceous hybodont shark tribodus limae ( euselachii , hybodontiformes ) , and its implications for the evolution of patterning in the chondrichthyan dermal skeleton : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 5 , e1179200 , 10 pp .
mcintosh , a . p . , shimada , k . , and everhart , m . j . , 2016 , late cretaceous marine vertebrate fauna from the fairport chalk member of the carlile shale in southern ellis county , kansas , u . s . a . ; transactions of the kansas academy of science , v . 119 , n . 2 , p . 222 - 230 .
montgomery , h . , and clark , s . , 2016 , paleoecology of the gaddis site in the upper cretaceous aguja formation , terlingua , texas : palaios , v . 31 , p . 347 - 357 .
ouroumova , o . , shimada , k . , and kirkland , j . i . , 2016 , fossil marine vertebrates from the blue hill shale member ( middle turonian ) of the upper cretaceous carlile shale in northeastern nebraska : transactions of the kansas academy of science , v . 119 , n . 2 , p . 221 - 221 .
sander , p . m . , wintrich , t . , schwermann , a . h . , and kindlimann , r . , 2016 , die paläontologische grabung in der rhät - lias - tongrube der fa . lückin bei warburg - boneburg ( kr . höxter ) im frühjar , 2015 : geologie und paläontologie in westfalen , heft 88 , p . 11 - 37 .
titus , a . l . , eaton , j . g . , and sertich , j . , 2016 , late cretaceous stratigraphy and vertebrate faunas of the markagunt , paunsaugunt , and kaiparowits plateaus , southern utah : geology of the intermountain west , an open - access journal of the utah geological association , v . 3 , p . 229 - 291 .
trikolidi , f . a . , and nazarkin , m . v . , 2016 , new data on the cow shark teeth ( hexanchiformes ) from the cretaceous deposits of sakhalin island ( russia ) :
proceedings of the zoological institute , v . 320 , n . 1 , p . 66 - 70 .
alvarado - ortega , j . , and brito , p . m . , 2016 , a jurassic pleuropholid fish ( teleostei , pleuropholidae ) in the tethys sea domain of north america : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 4 , e1201767 , 5pp ( pleuropholis cisnerosorum
argyiou , t . , clauss , m . , maxwell , e . e . , furrer , h . , and sanchez - villagra , m . r . , 2016 , exceptional preservation reveals gastrointestinal anatomy and evolution in early actinopterygian fishes : scientific reports , published online , 10 pp .
arratia , g . , 2016 , new remarkable late jurassic teleosts from southern germany : ascalaboidae n . fam . , its content , morphology , and phylogenetic relationships : fossil record , v . 19 , p . 3159 . ( ebertichthys ettlingensis )
capsso , l . , 2016 , the fossil fish of salento : a history of their discovry and thier study : thalassia salentina , v . 38 , p . 27 - 64 .
casal , g . a . , marinez , r . d . , luna , m , and ibiricu , l . m . , 2016 , ordenamiento y caracterizacion faunistica del cretacico superior del grupo chubut , cuenca del golfo san jorge , argentina :
cullen , t . m . , and evans , d . c . , 2016 , palaeonenvieronmental drivers of vertebrate community composition in the belly river group ( campanian ) of alberta , canada , with implications for dinosaur biogeography : biomed central , published online , 35pp . link to pdf
deesri , u . , jintasakul , p . , and cavin , l . , 2016 , a new ginglymodi ( actinopterygii , holostei ) from the late jurassic - early cretaceous of thailand , with comments on the early diversitfication of lepisosteiformes in southeast asia : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 6 , e1225747 , 11pp . ( khoratichthys gibbus
ebert , m . , lane , j . a . , and kolbl - ebert , m , . 2016 , palaeomacrosemius thiollieri , gen . et sp . nov . , a new macrosemiidae ( neopterygii ) from the upper jurassic of the solnhofen archipelago ( germany ) and cerin ( france ) , with a revision of the genus macrosemius : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 5 , e1196081 , 22pp . ( palaeomacrosemius thiollieri )
de figueiredo , f . j . , and ribeiro , d . r . m . , 2016 , relationships of codoichthys carnavalii santos , 1994 ( teleostei , clupeomorpha , ellimmichthyiformes ) from the late aptian of sao luis - grajau basin , ne brazil : anais da academia brasileira de ciencias , v . 88 , n . 3 , p . 1277 - 1307 .
figueiredo , s . , rosina , p . , and figuti , l . , 2015 ( published 2016 ) , dinosaurs and other vertebrates from the papo - seco formation ( lower cretaceous ) of southern portugal : journal of iberian geology , v . 41 , n . 3 , p . 301 - 314 .
foster , j . r . , mchugh , j . b . , peterson , j . e . , and leschin , m . f . , 2016 , major bonebeds in mudrocks of the morrison formation ( upper jurassic ) , northern colorado plateau of utah and colorado : geology of the intermountain west , an open - access journal of the utah geological association , volume 3 , a field guide prepared for society of vertebrate paleontology , 33 - 66 .
giordano , p . g . , arratia , g . , and schultze , h . - p . , 2016 , scale morphology and specialized dorsal scales of a new teleosteomorph fish from the aptian of west gondwana : fossil record , v . 19 , p . 61 - 81 .
hunt - foster , r . k , . lockley , m . g . , milner , a . r . c . , foster , j . r . , matthews , n . a . , breithaupt , b . h . , and smith , j . a . , 2016 , tracking dinosaurs in blm canyon county , utah : geology of the intermountain west , an open - access journal of the utah geolgical association , v . 3 , p . 67 - 100 .
jerve , a . , qu , q . , sanchez , s . , blom , h . , and ahlberg , p . e . , 2016 , three - dimensional paleohistology of the scale and median fin spine of lophosteus superbus ( pande 1856 ) : peerj 4
e2521 ; doi 10 . 7717 / peerj . 2521 29pp .
kear , b . p . , lindgren , j . , hurum , j . h . , milan , j . , and vajda , v . , 2016 , an introduction to the mesozoic biotas of scandinavia and its arctic territories : in : mesozoic biotas of scandinavia and its arctic territories , geological society , london , special publications , v . 434 , 14pp .
kogan , i . , and romano , c . , 2016 , redescription of saurichthys madagascariensis piveteau , 1945 ( actinopterygii , early triassic ) , with implications for the early saurichthyid morphotye : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 4 , e1151886 , 21 pp .
konwert , m . , 2016 , orthogonikleithrus francogalliensis , sp . nov . ( teleostei , orthogonikleithridae ) from the late jurassic plattenkalks of cerin ( france ) : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 3 , e1101377 , 10 pp . ( orthogonikleithrus francogalliensis )
licht , m . , kogan , i . , fischer , j . , and reiss , s . , 2016 , knochenfische ( osteichthyes ) : geologica saxonica , journal of central european geology , v . 62 , p . 143 - 168 .
lopez - arbarello , a . , burgin , t . , furrer , h . , and stockar , r . , 2016 , new holostean fishes ( actinopterygii : neopterygii ) form teh middle triassic of the monte san giorgio ( canton ticino , switzerland ) : peerj 4 : e2234 ; doi 10 . 7717 / peerj . 2234 , 61pp . (
maldanis , l . , carvalho , m . , almeida , m . r . , freitas , f . i . , de andrade , j . a . f . g . , nunes , r . s . , rochitte , c . e . , poppi , r . j . , freitas , r . o . , rodrigues , f . , siljestrom , s . , lima , f . a . , galante , d . , carvalho , i . s . , perez , c . a . , de carvalho , m . r . , bettini , j . , fernandez , v . , and xavier - neto , j . , 2016 , heart fossilization is possible and informs the evolution of cardiac outflow tract in vertebrates : e life 2 - 16 : 5 : e14698 . doi : 10 . 7554 / elife . 14698 , 12pp .
marrama , g . , lombardo , c . , tintori , a . , and carnevale , g . , 2017 , redescription of ' perleidus ' ( osteichthyes , actinopterygii ) from the early triassic of northwestern madagascar : rivista italiana di paleontologia e stratigrafia , v . 123 , n . 2 , p . 219 - 242 . ( teffichthys madagascariensis = perleidus madagascariensis , = perleidus piveteauti ) link to pdf
murray , a . m . , newbrey , m . g . , neuman , a . g . , and brinkman , d . b . , 2016 , new articulated osteoglossomorph from late cretaceous freshwater deposits ( maastrichtian , scollard formation ) of alberta , canada : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 4 , e1120737 , 14pp . ( wilsonichthys aridinsulensis )
murray , a . m . , vernygora , o . , japundzic , s . , radovcic , j . , wilson , m . v . h . , bardack , d . and grande , t . , 2016 , relationships of the species of armigatus ( clupeomorpha , ellimmichthyiformes ) and the descrition of a new species from the cretaceous of dalmatia , croatia : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 6 , e1226851 , 10 pp . ( armigauts dalmaticus
osi , a . , bodor , e . r . , makadi , l . , and rabi , m . , 2016 , vertebrate remains from the upper cretaceous ( santonian ) ajka coal formation , western hungary : cretaceous research , v . 57 , p . 228 - 238 .
sonoda , t . , and noda , y . , 2017 , transfer of museum collection from the hayashibara museum of natural sciences to the fuki prefectural dinosaur museum : memoir of the fukui prefectural dinosaur museum , v . 15 , p . 93 - 98 .
stringer , g . l . , 2016 , late cretaceous actinopterygians represented by otoliths from the coon creek site in southwest tennessee : bulletin of the alabama museum of natural history 33 , v . 2 , p . 78 - 93 .
taverne , l . , 2016 , chanopsis lombardi ( teleostei , osteoglossiformes ) from the continental lower cretaceous of the democratic republic of congo , comments on the evolution of caudal skeleton within osteoglossiform fishes : geologica belgica , v . 19 , nos . 3 - 4 , p . 291 - 301 .
vernygora , o . , and murray , a . m . , 2016 , a new species of armigatus ( clupeomorpha , ellimmichthyiformes ) from the late cretaceous of morocco , and its phylogenetic relatinoships : jounral of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 1 , e1031342 , 9 pp . ( armigatus oligodentatus )
wretman , l . , blom , h , and kear , b . p . , 2016 , resoution of the early jurassic actinopterygian fish pachycormus and a dispersal hypothesis for pachycormiformes : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 5 , e1206022 , 8pp .
zylberberg , l . , meunier , f . j . , and laurin , m . , 2016 , a microanatomical and histological study of the postcranial dermal skeleton of the devonian actinopterygian cheirolepis canadensis : acta palaeontologica polonica , v . 61 , n . 2 , p . 363 - 376 .
dzerzhinsky , f . y . , 2016 , the mystery of the two - unit skull of sarcoptyergii : a trap for functional morhpologists : journal of zoology , v . 301 , p . 85 - 101 .
heuze , y . , kawaski , k , schwarz , t . , schoenebeck , j . j . , and richtsmeier , 2016 , development and evolutionary significance of the zygomatic bone : the anatomical record , v . 299 , p . 1616 - 1630 . link to pdf
lu , j . , zhu , m . , ahlberg , p . e . , qiao , t . , zhu , y . - a . , zhao , w . , and jia , l . , 2016 , a devonian predatory fish provides insights into the early evoution of modern sacropterygians : science advances published online , 8 pp .
ruta , m . , and wills , m . a . , 2016 , comparable disparity in the appendicular skeleton across the fish - tetrapod transition , and the morphological gap between fish and tetrapod postcrania : palaeontology , v . 59 , part 2 , p . 249 - 267 .
clement , a . m . , long , j . a . , tafforeau , p . , and ahlberg , p . e . , 2016 , the dipnoan buccal pump reconstructed in 3d and implications for air breathing in devonian lungfishes : paleobiology , v . 42 , n . 2 , p . 289 - 304 .
fredericksonl , j . a . , lipka , t . r . , and cifelli , r . l . , 2016 , a new species of lungfish ceratodus ( dipnoi ) from the early cretaceous of eastern u . s . a . journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 4 , e1136316 , 5pp . ( ceratodus kranzi )
smithson , t . r . , richards , k . r . , and clack , j . a . , 2016 , lungfish diversity in romer ' s gap : reaction to teh end - devonian extinction : palaeontology , v . 59 , part 1 , p . 29 - 44 . ( ctenodus whitropei , ctenodus roberti , xylognathus macrustenus , ballagadus rossi , ballagadus caustrimi , coccovedus celatus , occludus romeri
szrek , p . , salwa , s . , niedzwiedzki , g . , dec , m . , ahlberg , p . e . , and uchman , a . , 2016 , a glimpse of a fish face - an exceptional fish feeding trace fossil from the lower devonian of the holy cross mountains , poland : palaeogeography , palaeoclimatology , palaeoecology , v . 454 , p . 113 - 124
szrek , p . , salwa , s . , niedzwiedzki , g . , dec , m . , ahlberg , p . e . , and uchman , a . , 2016 , a glimpse of a fish face - an exceptional fish feeding trace fossil from the lower devonian of the holy cross mountains , poland : palaeogeography , palaeoclimatology , palaeoecology , v . 454 , p . 113 - 124 . ( osculichnus tarnowskae )
aytonerpeton otoo , clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
diploradus clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
koilops clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
ossirarus clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
perittodus clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
aytonerpeton microps otoo , clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
diploradus austiumensis clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
koilops herman clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
ossirarus kierani clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
perittodus apsconditus clack , & t . r . smithson , in clack , bennett , carptner , davies , fraser , kearsey , marshall , millward , otoo , reeves , ross , ruta , smithson , smithson , & walsh , 2016
clack , j . a . , bennett , c . e . , carpenter , d . k . , davies , s . j . , fraser , n . c . , kearsey , t . i . , marshall , j . e . a . , millward , d . otoo , b . k . a . , reeves , e . j . , ross , a . j . , ruta , m . , smithson , k . z . , and walsh , s . a . , 2016 , phylogenetic and environmental context of a tournaisian tetrapod fauna : nature , ecology & evolution , published online , 11pp . ( perittodus apsconditus , koilops herman , ossirarus kierani , diploradus austiumensis , aytonerpeton microps )
dahoumane , nedjari , ait - quali , taquet , vacant , & steyer , 2016 , a new mastodonsauroid temnospondyl from the triassic of algeria : implications for the biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the zarzaitine series , northern sahara : comptes rendus palevol , v . 15 , p . 918 - 926 .
fortuny , j . , marce - nogue , j . , steyer , j . - s . , esteban - trivigno , s . de . , mujal , e . , and gil , l . , 2016 , comparative 3d analyses and palaeoecology of giant early amphibians ( temnospondyli : stereospondyli ) : scientific reports 6 , 30837 published online , 10pp .
gruntmejer , k . , konietzko - meier , d . , and bodzioch , a . , 2016 , cranial bone histology of metoposaurus krasiejowensis ( amphibia , temnospondyli ) from the late triassic of poland : peerj 4 : e2685 : doi 10 . 7717 / peerj . 2685 , 25pp . link to pdf
lautenschlanger , s . , witzmann , f . , and werneburg , i . , 2016 , palate anatomy and morphofunctional aspect of interpetygoid vacuities in temnospondyl cranial evolution : sci nat , 103 , 79 , 10 pp .
liu , j . , 2016 , yuanansuchus maopingchangensis sp . nov . , the second capitosauroid temnospondyl from the middle triassic badong formation of yunan , hubei , china : peerj 4pe1903 ; doi 10 . 7717 / peerj . 1903 , 22 pp . (
olive , s . , ahlberg , p . e . , pernegre , v . n . , poty , e . , steurbaut , e . , and clement , g . , 2016 , new discoveries of tetrapods ( ichthyostegid - like and whatcheeriid - like ) in the famennian ( late devonian ) localities of stud and becco ( belgium ) : palaeontology , v . 59 , part 6 , p . 827 - 840 .
klembara , j . , 2016 , a new find of discosauriscid seymouriamorph from the lower permain of boskovice basin in moravia ( the czech republich ) : fossil imprint , v . 72 , no . 1 - 2 , p . 117 - 121 .
liu , j . , and abdala , f . , 2016 , therocephalian ( therapsida ) and chroniosuchian ( reptiliomorpha ) from the permo - triassic transitonal guodikeng formation of the dalongkou section , jimsar , xinjang , china : vertebrata palasiatica , advance online publication , 17 pp . link to pdf
marchetti , l . , mujal , e . , and bernardi , m . , 2016 , an unusual amphisauropus trackway and its implications for understanding seymoriamorph locomotion : lethia , v . 50 , p . 162 - 174 .
may , w . j . , and hall , j . d . , 2016 , first occurrence of the diplocaulid genus diploceraspis from the wellington formation ( lower permian ) of northern oklahoma : transactions of the kansas academy of science , v . 119 , n . 2 , p . 193 - 199 .
pardo , j . d . , and anderson , j . s . , 2016 , cranial morphology of the carboniferous - permian tetrapod brachydectes newberryi ( lepospoindyli , lysorophia ) : new data from uct :
public library of science ( plos ) , one , v . 11 , n . 8 , 34 pp . link to pdf
ascarrunz , e . , rage , j . - c . , legreneur , p . , and laurin , m . , 2016 , triadobatrachus massinoti , the earliest known lissamphibian ( vertbrata : tetrapoda ) re - examined by uct scan , and the evoluiton of trunk length in batrachians : contributions to zoology , v . 85 , n . 2 , p . 201 - 234 .
baez , a . m . , and gomez , r . o . , 2016 , revision of the skeletal morphology of eodiscoglossus santonjae , an early cretaceous frog from northeastern spain , with comments on its phylogenetic placement : fossil imprint , v . 72 , n . 1 - 2 , pp . 67 - 77 .
gardner , j . d . , 2016 , the fossil record of tadpoles : fossil imprint , v . 72 , n . 1 - 2 , pp . 17 - 44 .
gardner , j . d . , and rage , j . - c . , 2016 , the fossil record of lissamphibians from africa , madagascar , and the arabian plate : in : ' contributions in honour of zbynek rocek , palaeobiology , palaeonenvironments , v . 96 , p . 169 - 220 .
herrel , a . , moureaux , c . , laurin , m . , daghfous , g . , crandell , k . , tooley , k . a . , measey , g . j . , vanhooydonck , b . , and boistel , r . , 2016 , frog origins : inferences based on ancestral reconstructions of locomotor preformance and anatomy : fossil imprint , v . 72 , n . 1 - 2 , pp . 108 - 116 .
jia , j . , and gao , k . - q . , 2016a , a new basal salamandroid ( amphibia , urodela ) from the late jurassic of qinglong , hebei province , china :
public library of science ( plos ) , one , v . 11 , n . 5 , 35 pp . ( qinglongtriton gangouensis )
jia , j . , and gao , k . - q . , 2016b , a new hynobiid - like salamander ( amphibia , urodela ) form inner mongolia , china , provides a rare case study of developmental features in an early cretaceous fossil urodele : peerj 4 : e2499 : doi 10 . 7717 / peerj . 2499 , 44pp . ( nuominerpeton aquilonaris )
lires , a . i . , soto , i . m . , and gomez , r . o . , 2016 , walk before you jump : new insights on early frog locomotion from the oldest known salientia : paleobiology , published online , 12 pp .
skutschas , p . p . , 2016 , a relict stem salamander : evidence from the early cretaceous of siberia : acta palaeontologica polonica , v . 61 , n . 1 , p . 119 - 123 .
skutchas , p . p . , 2016 , a new crown - group salamander from the middle jurassic of western siberia , russia : in : ' contributions in honour of zbynek rocek , palaeobiology , palaeonenvironments , v . 96 , p . 41 - 48 . ( kiyatriton krasnolutskii )
skutschas , p . p . , martin , t . , and krasnolutskii , s . a . , 2016 , first jurassic frog from siberia , russia : journal of vertebrtae paleontology , v . 36 , n . 3 , e1101367 , 3pp .
tennant , j . p . , mannion , p . d . , upchurch , p . , sutton , m . d . , and price , g . d . , 2016 , biotic and environmental dynamics through the late jurassic - early cretaceous transtion : evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover : biological reviews , published online , 39pp .
venczel , m . , gardner , j . d . , codrea , v . a . , csiki - sava , vasile , s . , and solomon , a . a . , 2016 , new insights into europe ' s most diverse late cretaceous anuran assemblage from the maastrichtian of western romania : in : ' contributions in honour of zbynek rocek , palaeobiology , palaeonenvironments , v . 96 , p . 61 - 95 .
wang , y . , dong , l . , and evans , s . e . , 2016 , polydactyly and other limb abnormalities in the jurassic salamander chunerpeton from china : in : ' contributions in honour of zbynek rocek , palaeobiology , palaeonenvironments , v . 96 , p . 49 - 59 .
benton , m . j . , 2016 , the chinese pareiasaurs : zoological journal of the linnean society , published online , 41pp .
bocklehurst , n . , 2016 , rates and modes of body size evolution in early carnivores and herbivores : a case study from captorhinidae ; peerj 4 : e15555 ; doi 10 . 7717 / peerj . 1555 , 21p .
haridy , v . , macdougall , m . j . , scott , d . , and reisz , r . r . , 2016 , ontogenetic change in the temporal region of the early permain parareptile delorhynchus cifellii and the implications for closure of the temporal fenesta in amniotes :
public library of science ( plos ) , one , v . 11 , n . 12 , 13 pp .
macdougal , m . j . , modesto , s . p . , and reisz , r . r . , 2016 , a new reptile from the richards spur locality , oklahoma , u . s . a . , and patterns of early permian parareptile diversification : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 5 , e1179641 , 8pp ( colobycter vaughni )
martinelli , a . g . , soares , m . b . , and schoch , r . r . , 2016 , owenettids and procolophonids from the lower keuper shed new light on the diversity of parareptiles in the german middle triassic : journal of paleontology , v . 90 , n . 1 , p . 92 - 101 .
modesto , s . p . , flear , v . j . , dilney , m . m . , and reisz , r . r . , 2016 , a large moradisaurine tooth plate from the lower permian of texas and its biostratigrahic implications : journal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 6 , e1221832 , 4 pp .
reisz , r . r . , haridy , y , and müller , j , 2016 , euconcordia nom . nov . , a replacement name for the captorhinid eureptile concordia müller and reisz , 2006 ( non kingsley , 1880 ) , wiht new data on its dentition : vertebrtae anatomy morphology palaeontology , v . 3 , p . 106 . ( euconcordia cunninghami = concordia cunninghami )
, j . , and scheyer , t . m . , 2016 , basal reptilians , marine diapsids , and turtles : the flowering of reptile diversity : in : evolution of the vertebrate ear - - evidence from teh fossil record , chapter 8 , edited by clarke , j . a . , p . 207 - 243 .
verriere , a . , brocklehurst , n . , and fröbisch , j . , 2016 , assessing the completeness of the fossil record : comparison of different methods applied ot parareptilian tetrapods ( vertebrata : sauropsida ) : paleobiology , v . 42 , n . 4 , p . 680 - 695 .
whiteside , d . i . , duffin , c . j . , gill , p . g . , marshall , j . e . a . , and benton , m . j . , 2016 , the late triassic and early jurassic fissure faunas from bristol and south wales : stratigraphy and setting : palaeontologica polonica , v . 67 , p . 257 - 287 .
anquetin , j . , and chapman , s . d . , 2016 , first report of plesiochelys etalloni and tropidemys langii from the late jurassic of the uk and the palaeobiogeography of plesiocheyid turtles : royal society open science , 18pp .
arbour , v . m . , zanno , l . e . , larson , d . w . , evans , d . c . , and sues , h . - d . , 2016 , the furculae of the dromaeosaurid dinosaur dakotaraptor steini are trionychid turtle entoplastra : peerj 4 : e1691 ; doi 10 . 7717 / peerj . 1691 , 6 pp .
becker , m . a . , maisch iv , h . m . , and chamberlain jr , j . a . , 2016 , turtles from an arkadelphia formation - midway group lag deposit ( maastrichtian - paleocene ) , hot spring county , arkansas , usa : geosciences , v . 6 , n . 41 , 12 pp .
bever , g . s . , lyson , t . r . , field , d . j . , and bhullar , b . - a . , 2016 , the amniote temporal roof and the diapsid origin of the turtle skull : zoology , v . 119 , p . 471 - 473 . link to pdf
brinkman , d . , aguillon - martinez , m . c . , hutchison , j . h . , and brown , c . m . , 2016 , yelmochelys rosarioae gen . et sp . nov . , a stem kinosternid ( testudines ; kinosternidae ) from the late cretaceous of coahuila , mexico : paleobios , v . 33 , p . 1 - 20 . ( yelmochelys rosarioae )
foster , j . r . , mchugh , j . b . , peterson , j . e . , and leschin , m . f . , 2016 , major bonebeds in mudrocks of the morrison formation ( upper jurassic ) , northern colorado plateau of utah and colorado : geology of the intermountain west , an open - access journal of the utah geological association , volume 3 , a field guide prepared for society of vertebrate paleontology , 33 - 66 . link to pdf
jacobs , l . l . , polcyn , m . j . , mateus , o . , schulp . a . s . , goncalves , a . o . , and morais , m . l . , 2016 , post - gondwana africa and the vertebrate history of the angolan atlantic coast : in : papers on palaeontology honouring thomas h . rich , edited by fitzgerald , e . m . g . , memoirs of museum victoria , v . 74 , p . 343 - 362 .
joyce , w . g . , lyson , t . r . , and kirkland , j . i . , 2016 , an early bothremydid ( testudines , pleurodira ) from the late cretaceous ( cenomanian ) of utah , north america : peerj 4 : e2502 ; doi 10 . 7717 / peerj . 2502 , 22pp . ( paiutemys tibert )
joyce , w . g . , lyson , t . r . , and williams , s . , 2016 , new cranial material of gilmoremys lancensis ( testudines , trionychidae ) from the hell creek formation of southeastern motnana , u . s . a . : jounal of vertebrate paleontology , v . 36 , n . 6 , e1224748 , 10pp .
joyce , w . g . , rabi , m . , clark , j . m . , and xu , x . , 2016 , a toothed turtle from the late jurassic of china and the global biogeographic history of turtles : bmc evolutionary biology , v . 16 , published online , 29pp . ( sichuanchelys palatodentata ) link to pdf