chilotherium is an extinct genus of rhinoceros endemic to eurasia during the miocene through pliocene living for 13.7 — 3.4 mya , existing for approximately 10.3 million years .

chilotherium

chilotherium schlosseri is the name of a species , part of the genus chilotherium .
* ship from u . s * authentic miocene age chilotherium winmani large molars | ebay
key words : mammalia , perissodactyla , chilotherium wimani , sexual dimorphism , statistics , late miocene , china .
new dental material attributed to chilotherium intermedium from the chinji and the nagri formations of the siwaliks is presented . chilotherium intermedium is the most abundant rhinocerotid species in the lower and the middle siwaliks of the subcontinent . however the generic allocation of the species has been changed several times in the past . a careful comparison of the newly discovered remains with previously described dental remains of chilotherium intermedium and subchilotherium intermedium by several workers has led the authors to consider chilotherium as a valid generic name for the species chilotherium intermedium and the synonymy of the genus subchilotherium is proposed .
chilotherium | deep time - miocene 5 ( tortonian - late miocene - 11 . 6 - 7 . 25 mya ) | pinterest | prehistoric
the specific name , primigenius , is a latin word , and means the first . this species is considered the most primitive species of the genus chilotherium .
the kyrgyz fossils are found with dorcas dorcadoides , sivatherium , hipparion , and a tortoise . these taxa are associated with open ecologies . the astragalus of the new chilotherium fossils is most similar to the north american teloceras , a large barrel bodied rhino with short legs . we therefore suggest that chilotherium was less cursorial than several contemporaneous rhino taxa in asia . also , our database of chilotherium occurrences only reports localities above 2 , 000m elevation . while paleoaltitudes may be different than modern altitudes , recent studies support the construction of both the himalayan and tien shan ranges prior to the late mio / pliocene . this indicates that chilotherium occupied a different ecological niche .
this complete skull belongs to an extinct genus of rhinoceros called chilotherium ( from greek - chilo , meaning « lip » , and - ther , meaning « wild animal » ) .
chilotherium was named by ringström ( 1924 ) . it was assigned to rhinocerotidae by carroll ( 1988 ) ; to aceratheriini by antoine and saraç ( 2005 ) ; and to chilotheriini by deng ( 2005 ) .
deng , tao 2006 a primitive species of chilotherium ( perissodactyla , rhinocerotidae ) from the late miocene of the linxia basin ( gansu , china ) . cainozoic research 5 ( 1 / 2 ) : 93 - 102
the exhibition of saber - toothed tiger skull ( carnivore ) , chilotherium skull ( herbivore ) , and wild pig skull ( omnivore ) is presented to show the different shapes of teeth formed because of different eating habits .
details : the following rhino genera / species are included : aprotodon , hispanotherium matritense , hispanotherium beonensis , alicornops laogouense , acerorhinus , dicerorhinus , brachypotherium , chilotherium , acerorhinus tsadamensis , parelasmotherium simplum , parelasmotherium linxiaense , iranotherium m . . .
well done . i never knew the chilotherium had tusk - like bottom teeth like a peccary . though dinocrocuta was actually more distant from felidae than true hyenas , percrocutidae was closer to nimvravidae ( the false sabertoothed cat ) , how ironic .
chen , shao - kun ; deng , tao ; he , wen ; chen , shanqin 2011 a dental pathological deformity of chilotherium wimani from the linxia basin of gansu , china . vertebrata palasiatica 49 ( 2 ) : 223 - 228 , 1 fig .
the lower jaw is particularly well preserved . the teeth , especially the canines , are characteristic attributes of this animal . while the origin of this fossil remains unknown , chilotherium is endemic to eurasia and asia , and the minerals contained in its matrix suggest it may come from china .
chen , s . ; deng , t . ; hou , s . ; shi , q . ; pang , l . 2010 sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid chilotherium wimani from the late miocene of the linxia basin ( gansu , china ) . acta palaeontologica polonica 55 ( 4 ) : 587–597
chen , s . ; deng , t . ; hou , s . ; shi , q . ; pang , l . , 2010 . sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid chilotherium wimani from the late miocene of the linxia basin ( gansu , china ) . acta palaeontologica polonica 55 ( 4 ) : 587–597
however in liushu , a female chilotherium had met her match . an intriguing fossil find was published in the 2010 edition of the scientific journal chinese science bulletin by a team comprising tao deng and j . zhijie tseng . they described a 9 - million - year - old skull and jaw bone from a female rhino with a deep injury on the animal’s forehead .
the liushu formation of china was filled with large and unique mammals , all dating back to the end of the miocene . during this heyday of the mammalian era , a diverse fauna of giraffe ancestors , rhinos , three - toed hipparion horses and elephant - like mastodons existed there . among these animals was the large and successful rhinoceros chilotherium , known from all over eurasia and existing for many millions of years .
further reading -  nashorner der hipparion - fauna nord - chinas .   -  palaeontologia sinica 1 ( 4 )  :  1–159 .   -  t .  ringström  -  1924 . - sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid chilotherium wimani from the late miocene of the linxia basin ( gansu ,  china )  .   -  acta palaeontologica polonica 55 ( 4 )  :  587–97 .   -  shaokun chen ,  tao deng ,  sukuan hou ,  qinqin shi . - a primitive species of chilotherium ( perissodactyla ,  rhinocerotidae ) from the late miocene of the linxia basin ( gansu ,  china )  .   -  cainozoic research 5 ( 1 / 2 )  : 93 - 102 . .   -  tao deng  -  2006 .
thus like modern hyenas – its closest living relatives – it was able to scavenge and take down prey equally well . dinocrocuta was also clearly capable of preying on mammals far bigger than itself . of course this was not without risks . the tusked chilotherium wimani was 2 meters ( 6 . 6 ft ) tall and weighed close to 3 tons ( 6000 lbs ) , and would have made a formidable target for even the strongest carnivores .
in addition , the museum held several large scale exhibitions such as cambrian explosion and dancing with dinosaur . during the planning phase , the museum collected fossils found in the mainland or worked together with local institutes on model reconstruction . the collection includes valuable fossils of psittacosaurus , keichousaurus , confuciusornis sanctus , mariner turtle , platybelodon , and chilotherium as well as the reconstruction of skeleton model of monolophosaurus , dsungaripterus , archaeomithomimus asiatiicus , dilophosaurus , sinomithosaurus , and mamenchisaurus .
chilotherium had no horns and instead bore a pair of curved tusks for defense and display . but the curvature of these tusks was too much to cause an injury so high on the animal’s skull . the only predator that could have caused the wound was the immense dinocrocuta gigantea , with the puncture marks clearly matching the dimensions of the predator’s canines . according to the team the presence of only one puncture wound and subsequent bone growth over the injury indicate that the rhino had managed to fight off her attacker and escape .
name : chilotherium . phonetic : chy - lo - fee - re - um . named by : t .  ringström  -  1924 . classification : chordata ,  mammalia ,  perissodactyla ,  rhinocerotidae . species : c .  anderssoni ,  c .  haberi ,  c .  kiliasi ,  c .  kowalevskii ,  c .  persiae ,  c .  samium ,  c .  schlosserim ,  c .  wimani ,  c .  xizangensis . diet : herbivore . size : up to 1 . 5 - 1 . 8 meters tall at the shoulder for the larger species . known locations : from moldova and russia in europe ,  across asia to china and vietnam . time period : serravalian of the miocene through to the zanclean of the pliocene . fossil representation : multiple individuals .
sexual dimorphism is reviewed and described in adult skulls of chilotherium wimani from the linxia basin . via the analysis and comparison , several very significant sexually dimorphic features are recognized . tusks ( i2 ) , symphysis and occipital surface are larger in males . sexual dimorphism in the mandible is significant . the anterior mandibular morphology is more sexually dimorphic than the posterior part . the most clearly dimorphic character is i2 length , and this is consistent with intrasexual competition where males invest large amounts of energy jousting with each other . the molar length , the height and the area of the occipital surface are correlated with body mass , and body mass sexual dimorphism is compared . society behavior and paleoecology of c . wimani are different from most extinct or extant rhinos . m / f ratio indicates that the mortality of young males is higher than females . according to the suite of dimorphic features of the skull of c . wimani , the tentative sex discriminant functions are set up in order to identify the gender of the skulls .
dinocrocuta gigantea , a hyena - like predator was one of the biggest and strongest carnivores to stalk the ancient grasslands of china . its bite was strong enough to crush bones and it dominated its contemporary herbivores . one fossil shows us that it was clearly unafraid to take on animals much bigger than itself : tooth marks in the skull of a massive tusked rhinoceros .
not a true hyena , dinocrocuta was the strongest and biggest carnivore in its region . it dwarfed both the contemporary true hyenas and the sabertooth cat machairodus , at around 380 kilograms ( 838 lbs ) . for a long time , the best fossils of this monstrous mammal came from the liushu in china but it was not known whether it was an active hunter or just a simple scavenger . its teeth and skull were exceptionally strong for delivering a bone - crushing bite and it was also very well - constructed for eating bones . the same set of teeth that could dismember carcasses could also tear into the hides and bones of some of the biggest of the grassland herbivores .
the researchers do not know if the predator was working alone or whether it hunted in clans like today’s hyenas . but the find also indicated some new details about the animals’ behaviors . deng and tseng revealed in their paper that even in modern grassland faunas , adult female hoofed animals may be most at risk from predators during the calving season . the scientists quoted studies of modern wildebeest herds in africa to show the comparisons between varied faunas across time . the rhino might have been calving , or else the carnivore might have attacked a weakened individual during a drought .
with its opportunistic feeding habits , dinocrocuta was the apex predator of liushu . it would be a while before it went extinct and big cats would take over the role of big bone - eating killers . during the late miocene though , even the lion - sized sabertooths of the time had to play second fiddle to this massive predator .
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in the 90 ' s , a large fossil skull was donated to the le havre museum of natural history after it was seized by customs services . still enclosed in its matrix ( the substance surrounding the fossil ) , it was disengaged and prepared at the museum .
this rhinoceros dates back to the miocene , which corresponds to the period between 20 and 5 million years bce . this grazer was perfectly adapted to the large grassland plains of the eurasian steppe belt .
, deinotherium ) indicates that , open areas covered by grass , should also exist nearby the wetlands of dhok bun amir khatoon .
and brachypotherium are abundant in those areas of chinji , nagri and dhok pathan formations where the climatic conditions are intermediate .
, percrocuta and indarctos ( colbert , 1935 ; pilgrim , 1937 , 1939 ; akhtar , 1992 ; barry et al .
intermedium , stegolophodon latidens and crocuta carnifex ( pilgrim , 1937 , 1939 ; heissig , 1972 ; bernor and hussain , 1985 ; akhtar , 1992 ; bibi , 2007 ; khan et al .
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i ' ve seen that your big in dinosaurs , but i didn ' t realize about the prehistoric mammals as well .
actually neither are especially closely related to cats , other than that they are all feliformes . hyenas are more closely related to herpestids and euplerids , whereas percrocutids are more closely related to stenoplesictids and nimravids ( particularly the former ) .
so the felines & hyenas are close but not that much close ; understood . hyenas are more like advanced descendants of more a more primitive feliformes genus .
do you do commissions ? i sent you a note but did not get a
yes
or
no
from you .
sorry , i usually don´t take comissions because sometimes i just don´t have the time to draw decent stuff and i hate to let people down .
glad you told me dinocrocuta was more feline than hyena . between this picture and the fact that lions sometimes scavenge hyena kills , i was beginning to wonder why hyenas weren ' t the dominant predators in africa . good work , by the way . it is nice to see something other than dinosaurs ( which i really like ) now and then .
you ' re doing colored images now too ? cool . have a happy new year .
excellent pic . that dinocrocuta is certainly something one would not want to run into .
i tend to think of this guy as the feliformian version of a grizzly bear ; both a hunter and a scavenger , possibly even with some plant - eating and fishing on the side .
considering most predators scavenge calling it
both a hunter and a scavenger
is redundant . just stick with the former designation , since that implies opportunistic carrion - eating anyways . also , dinocrocuta has no adaptations towards eating plants ( there are no crushing molars , all the back teeth are for shearing ) . it ' s as carnivorous as , say , a big cat . considering most land predators will eat fish gladly , though , it probably did eat fish .
oh . i was under the impression it had crushing molars , like a modern hyena .
they do ? i ' ve looked at hyena skulls ; the back teeth are blunt and built for crushing .
yeah , but it ' s not the same as in a bear skull ( which also has crushing molars but for plants ) .
well , hyenas do eat some plants . striped hyenas in particular are fond of fruit , sometimes to the point of becoming minor crop pests .
most hypercarnivores do eat plants , so this isn ' t surprising , though the fact one hyena species is an omnivore is .
i read a while back something about dinocrocuta ' s 400 kg ' s weight estimate being excessive . it ' s skull was about as long as that of lion ( although much taller due to the very high saggital crest ) . it would still be big but probably around 250 kg ' s at best .
yes and you can find pictures of a complete skeleton still in its matrix if you search for 巨鬣狗 , it looks pretty unimpressive , more normal hyena than the hyena on steroids that plenty of people depict it as .
love the coloring ! never heard of the dinocruta , though . how big was it ?
thanks ! i have no idea how much it took , to be honest . i guess that means i enjoyed doing it
do what you want , do what you love ! ( totally didn ' t think ' do what you want cuz ' a pirate lives free . . )
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urltoken
shaokun chen [ chenshaokun _ ivpp @ urltoken ] , chongqing three gorges institute of paleoanthropology , china three gorges museum , 236 ren - min road , chongqing 400015 , china ; institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology , chinese academy of sciences , 142 xi - zhi - men - wai street , p . o . box 643 , beijing 100044 , china ; tao deng [ dengtao @ urltoken ] , sukuan hou [ housukuan @ urltoken ] , qinqin shi [ shiqqin @ urltoken ] , and libo pang [ libopang2002 @ urltoken ] , institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology , chinese academy of sciences , 142 xi - zhi - men - wai street , p . o . box 643 , beijing 100044 , china .
this is an open - access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license ( for details please see urltoken ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
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fossil are the nature preserved remains , moulds , and traces of dead organism include teeth , skeletons and shells , skin impression , food print , and the like . even the dropping is another form of fossil ( trace fossil ) .
a fossil was formed of fossilization which the original composition of the organism ( for example , calcium phosphate inside the bone ) was replaced by the mineral covered around ( such as silicon or iron ) . fossilization , therefore , not only shows the life of the organism of its time and also the buried inorganic environment , the climate and biological conditions . fossil opens a window for us to take a glance of the biological world and it is also the criteria to divide and compare the different geochronology . fossil does provide the most significant evidence for the studies on life ! | s origin and evolution .
the most striking characteristic of the vertebrate animals is the spinal column in the back made of the vertebrae to support the body . besides the major function to connect the body , spinal column consists of vertebrae of neck , chest , waist , sacral , and caudal in different body position . in addition , the tubular central nerve cord of the vertebrate animals is in the back side and the digestive system and circulation system are at the abdominal side . under the support and protection of spinal column , the nerve system is able to transmit the information effectively and the digestive system and circulation system are able to function properly . fish , frogs , lizards , snakes , birds and mammals including humans are vertebrate animals .
there is a huge variety of organisms ; thus , we need to categorize them according to the similarities and name them systematically . there are seven major classifications of organisms , kingdom , phylum , class , order , family , genus , and species as well as the supplemental groups of subphylum , subspecies , infraclass , and so on .
species is the smallest unit of classification ; similar species are identified as a genus and similar genera are identified as a family . on this account , the organisms of similar phylum belong to a kingdom . organisms or prehistoric organisms are named according to the species classification in latin words or forms regulated internationally . the combination of a generic name and a trivial ( species ) name comprises the full scientific ( latin ) name of an organism , binomen , and the first letter needs to be capitalized . generic name comes first before species name . followings is the example of felis domesticus in seven classifications :
vertebrate animals belong to vertebrata and the classifications are as the following table . the study of prehistoric or extinct vertebrate animals is called vertebrate paleontology .
the digital filing of 200 symbolic piece fossils of vertebrate animals is scheduled to be completed in two years according to the classification of organisms . in year 1 ( 2001 ) , the focus is the filing of chondrichthyes , osteichthyes , amphibia , reptilia and aves ; in year 2 ( 2002 ) it is mammalia . in addition , the museum presents the duplicate sample of standing dinosaurs to the visitors in both images and explicit words . the comparison and analysis of sample and anatomical structure is one of the major methods of prehistorical vertebrate study . thus , we will also work on the image data of the skeleton sample to provide the public a comprehensive data for comparison and analysis .
the presentation of this project has the both exhibition and educational functions . the diversity of organism and the interaction between the organism and environment is presented under each theme and it will help the visitors understand the profoundness and evolution of life . the themes include :
each piece of the specimens of primates , perissodactyla , artiodactyla , carnivora , cetacea , rodeutia and proboscidae of mammalia is shown in the form of digital photos as well as the illustration given about the characteristics , and relevant literatures .
the exhibition of fossils is present chronologically such as lufengosaurus of jurassic period , chinese platybelodon of cretaceous period , and paleoloxodon of pleistocene .
the representatives of animal groups living in the trench of penghu , taiwan are bubalus teilhardi young , paleoloxodon , and pere david¡¦s deer . the fossils of important parts such as skull , backbone , and molar have been presented with reconstruction .
the museum collects fossil vertebrates of chondrichthyes , osteichthyes , amphibia , reptilia and mammalia originating from taiwan , china and regions around the world covering the paleozic era , mesozoic era , and cenozoic era .
the discoveries of fossil mammalia in the past two decades in taiwan were made by the fishermen . after the primary study , the discoveries of fossils include the mammalia of carnivore , perissodactyla , artiodactyla , proboscidea , and primates . most of the findings were large paleoloxodon and the skull and skeleton of bubalus . the museum has finished the reconstruction of the skull model .
other treasure collections from regions worldwide include dicynodont of permian , ichthyosaurus of the jurassic period , euhelopus of the triassic period , protembolotherium of oligocene , and mammuthus of pleistocene .
fossil vertebrates are large in the scale and easy to be seen , so with the animated modeling and ecological environment , the exhibitions of fossil vertebrates are often very popular . this project selects the symbolic fossils according to the biological classification and international paleontological studies and after the column analysis and content application , the column and operational standard of two metadata , ¡§specimen collection¡¨ and ¡§collection knowledge¡¨ has been set up as the database . the establishment of the digital museum website enables users to search the desired data according to the biological classification and facilitate a deeper understanding for fossil specimen .
mammalia belongs to vertebrate and they are what we call mammals . the study of fossil mammals has its significant contribution to paleontology . one of the reasons is because it has the close relations with the study of mammals living in the modern time . in addition , the study also relates to that of mammals in mesozoic era and reptiles . mammals is the latest evolved class of vertebrate , so it has the well recorded fossil data used as the important and useful historical material for the understanding of evolution of geology , vertebrate and humans in recent millions years .
common characters of mammals are with hair or fur , skin , constant body temperature ( a layer of blubber ) , breast gland and placenta , viviparity ( except for the monotreme ) and breast feeding . a mammal has a four - chambered heart ( two atria and two ventricles ) : double pumped ; a mammal¡¦s middle ear contains three bones : stapes , incus , and malleus . the red blood cell represents a cell without a nucleus . claws , talon , foot , hoof , and nail have experienced diversified evolution . but after being buried and fossilization , the characteristics of fossil mammals became ineligible to recognize due to chemical action ( except for mammuthus buried under arctic ice cap ) .
thus , paleontologists have to identify them according to harder parts . mammals ' occipital condyle is double - faced . there are seven bones in the neck of a mammal . the first two are atlas and axis ; the lower jaw is made of teeth to form a joint with upper jaw . the scapula lies along the spine . the pelvic girdle of mammals is made of three bones : ilium , ischium , and pubis firmly attaching to the spine . teeth are the hardest part of any mammal and therefore they are the part most often fossilized . mammals are heterodonts , so mammal teeth evolved into different alignment and function . teeth in mammals came in four sorts : such as that of incisor , canine , premolar , and molar ; premolar and molar have more than one root . bone and teeth in mammals are important to the study of vertebrate in the ancient time .
the earliest mammal - like animal , morganucodon , appeared in the late triassic period , evolved in era and came in abundant types in cenozoic era . till now , mammals are considered as the fastest rate evolution among all species and except for the centers of south and north pole and some individual islands , mammals can be seen everywhere .
the probocidea is often known as the elephant , the largest mammal on land . the leading characteristic is a long muscular , flexible , and prehensile proboscis with curling function , a powerful tool used for defending and eating . there are only two species of proboscidea alive today : the asian elephant ( elephas maximus ) and the african elephant ( loxodonta africana ) . the asian elephants were historically found in south and south east asia and now their population is limited to india , thailand , cambodia , and vietnam ; african elephants can be found in the whole african continent .
from tracing fossils , paleontologists came to understand that fossil elephant is found in wide distribution and variety . in cenozoic period , the elephants evolved and diversified and more than 400 types of fossils have been known traversing areas around the world with the exception of australia and the antarctic . the ancestor of modern elephant , moeritherium , living in moeris lake of egypt in north africa and tracing back to 55 , 000 , 000 years ago had the size of current day pigs and lacked any trunk or tusks . but the skull of moeritherium was short and high and it had a low jaw indicating the well developed skull . in addition , the characteristics of grinding molar teeth and crown , enamel structure , skeleton and bone are the proofs of the family relations of paleomastodon and modern elephants .
elephant came to a diversified and complex evolution and it has the sorts of moeritheriodea , deinotherioidea , mastodontoidea , and elephatoidea , each has different development and comes in great variety as well as traverses to different living environment . the tusk of each sort of elephant had been modified into unique shapes and sizes ; for example , deinotherium ( deinotheriidae ) had sharp and inward lower incisors ; gomphotherium ( gomphotheriidae ) had the rod - like tusks in both jaws . platybelodon ( gomphotheriidae ) developed large shovel shaped tusks ; the incisors of stegodon were like a knife with sharp - cutting edge . and also the well - known mammuthus ( elephantidea ) underfurred with long , dense hair had the curved incisors .
in the late pleistocene epoch ( about 40 , 000 to 20 , 000 years ago ) , paleoloxodon ( elephantidea ) traversed from north china to taiwan . paleoloxdon has a long and straight incisor , high rising lumber section of the spine , and the diamond formation ground by incisors . fossil paleoloxodon was found in the oceanic trench nearby penghu . although now paleoxdon became extinct already , but the fossil gave us the valuable evidence to study the evolution and the changes of geological and climate changes .
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cerdeno , e . ( ianigla , cct - conicet - mendoza ( argentina ) . dept . of paleontology )
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nomenclator zoologicus . a list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of linnaeus , 1758 to the end of 2004 . digitised by ubio from vols . 1 - 9 of neave ( ed . ) , 1939 - 1996 plus supplementary digital - only volume . urltoken ( as at 2006 ) .
sn2000 : brands , s . j . ( compiler ) 1989 - 2005 . systema naturae 2000 . amsterdam , the netherlands ( 2006 version ) . available online at urltoken
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this name is an alternative combination of an original description of a species by weber in 1 , 905 under the rules of the international code of zoological nomenclature ( iczn ) .
ty - chap au - antoine p . - o . & sen s . py - 2016 ti - rhinocerotidae and chalicotheriidae ( perissodactyla , tapiromorpha ) full access sp - 245 - 259 ur - urltoken er -
@ inbook { antoinep2016 , title = { rhinocerotidae and chalicotheriidae ( perissodactyla , tapiromorpha ) full access } , year = { 2016 } , author = { antoine p . - o . & sen s . } , volume = { 38 } , pages = { 245 - 259 } , urltoken }
% 0 book % a antoine p . - o . & sen s . % d 2016 % t rhinocerotidae and chalicotheriidae ( perissodactyla , tapiromorpha ) full access % p 245 - 259
robson , selina , department of geological sciences , university of oregon , 1272 university of oregon , department of geological sciences , eugene , or 97403 and mclaughlin , win nadia francis , geological sciences , university of oregon , department of geologic sciences , 1272 university of oregon , eugene , or 97403 , robson . selina @ urltoken
in kyrgyzstan , no described material exists from the country and all published material is now lost to science . therefore , our new material is important for not only recognizing the occurrence of the genus , but also understanding the evolution , ecology , and dispersion of various fossil taxa including
specimens were found in china , mostly from the linxia basin . thus , the kyrgyz specimens represent an important geographic extension of the taxon , and may clarify the relationship between ecology and species diversity .
is difficult because the taxonomy poorly constrained . there are only three valid species (
) but close to 20 published species . by mapping occurrences globally , we hope to clarify taxonomic relationships as well as to assign the new kyrgyz material to a species level .
geological society of america abstracts with programs . vol . 46 , no . 6 , p . 544
© copyright 2014 the geological society of america ( gsa ) , all rights reserved . permission is hereby granted to the author ( s ) of this abstract to reproduce and distribute it freely , for noncommercial purposes . permission is hereby granted to any individual scientist to download a single copy of this electronic file and reproduce up to 20 paper copies for noncommercial purposes advancing science and education , including classroom use , providing all reproductions include the complete content shown here , including the author information . all other forms of reproduction and / or transmittal are prohibited without written permission from gsa copyright permissions .
mammalia , aceratheriina , rhinocerotidae , alicornops complanatum n . comb . , miocene , bugti hills , pakistan , phylogeny , biostratigraphy
antoine p . - o . , duranthon f . & welcomme j . - l . 2003 . — alicornops ( mammalia , rhinocerotidae ) dans le miocène supérieur des collines bugti ( balouchistan , pakistan ) : implications phylogénétiques . geodiversitas 25 ( 3 ) : 575 - 603 .
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late cenozoic terrestrial deposits from the linxia basin ( gansu , china ) have yielded many mammalian fossils . in these faunas , rhinocerotids are very abundant and species rich . the rhinocerotids have essentially been collected and studied since the 1980s
contains two large tusks which entend outward and upward markedly , and their medial flanges also are almost erect .
be the first to review “snowmastodon female pathological skull” click here to cancel reply .
biasatti , d . ; wang , y . ; deng , t . 2018 paleoecology of cenozoic rhinos from northwest china : a stable isotope perspective . vertebrata palasiatica 56 ( 1 ) : 45 - 68 , figs . 1 - 6
wang , hai - bing ; bai , bin ; meng , jin ; wang , yuan - qing 2018 a new species of forstercooperia ( perissodactyla : paraceratheriidae ) from northern china with a systematic revision of forstercooperiines . american museum novitates , new york ; 3897 : 41 pp , 10 figs
vigne , l . ; martin , e . b . 2017 decline in the legal ivory trade in china in anticipation of a ban . london , save the elephants , pp . 1 - 88
despite increased awareness , china continues to be the world’s major concern in the consumption of illegal ivory . media attention and support from international ngos have drawn attention to the poaching crisis currently facing elephants in africa ; there has been growing involvement and dialogue w . . .
averianov , a . o . ; danilov , i . ; jianhua jin ; yingyong wang 2017 a new amynodontid from the eocene of south china and phylogeny of amynodontidae ( perissodactyla : rhinocerotoidea ) . journal of systematic palaeontology 15 ( 11 ) : 927 - 945
li , yong - xiang ; zhang , yun - xiang ; li , ji ; li , zhi - chao ; xie , kun 2017 new fossils of paraceratheres ( perissodactyla , mammalia ) from the early oligocene of the lanzhou basin , gansu province , china . vertebrata palasiatica 56 ( 4 , october 2017 ) : 367 - 381 , 4 figures
china p . r . , general administration of customs 2017 harbin customs seizes mammoth tusks , woolly rhinoceros horns and nephrite blocks . on - line source 8 march 2017 urltoken 3 figures
chen , h . ; wang , s . q . ; tao , d . w . ; xia , x . m . ; chen , s . q . ; wu yan 2017 implications for late miocene diet from diceros gansuensis : starch granules in tooth calculus . vertebrata palasiatica 2017 advanced proof : 1 - 11
wang wenliang ; li hong 2017 evaluation on the clinical effect of rhinoceros horn and rehmannia decoction in the treatment of children with allergic purpura . clinical medicine & engineering 2017 ( 3 ) : 387 - 388
li ting bao ; zhang hua ; zhou wen ; luo qiang ; yang peng 2017 study on medication rule of rhinoceros horn powder in dunhuang documents and ancient medical books . journal of jiangxi university of tcm 29 ( 4 ) : 31 - 33
lin hui - min ; yin yan - yao ; lin yun - hua ; wan yong ; zong ya 2017 the clinical research of rhinoceros horn powder treating hbv associated chronic acute liver failure in early stage . chinese journal of integrated traditional western medicine digest 25 ( 12 ) : 955 - 957
harten , e . c . 2017 rhinoceros horn libation cup . wonders of nature and artifice ( the cupola : scholarship at gettysburg college ) 1 : 1 - 10
bai bin ; wang , yuan - qing ; zhang zhao - qun 2017 the late eocene hyracodontid perissodactyl ardynia from saint jacques , inner mongolia , china and its implications for the potential eocene–oligocene boundary . palaeoworld 27 ( 2 ) : 247 - 257 , 5 figs
byard , r . w . 2016 traditional medicines and species extinction : another side to forensic wildlife investigation . forensic science , medicine , and pathology 2016 early view : pp . 1 - 3
patton , f . 2016 polishing off rhinos - why chinese revere the horn . swara , nairobi april - june 2016 : 38 - 41
tong , h . ; chen , x . ; zheng , m . 2016 new knowledge about the early woolly rhinos . abstract book of the 5th geological - palaeontological - archaeological discussion 2016 , ganovce - poprad , p . 30
quan , l . 2016 the white rhinoceros and the chinese tiger . in du toit , j . g . the story of the white rhinoceros . krugersdorp , pp . 173 - 178
yufang gao ; stoner , k . j . ; lee , a . t . l . ; clark , s . g . 2016 rhino horn trade in china : an analysis of the art and antiques market . biological conservation 201 : 343 - 347
lu , x . ; zheng , x . ; sullivan , c . ; tan , j . 2016 a skull of plesiaceratherium gracile ( rhinocerotidae , perissodactyla ) from a new lower miocene locality in shandong province , china , and the phylogenetic position of plesiaceratherium . journal of vertebrate paleontology : doi : 10 . 1080 / 02724634 . 2016 . 1095201
ma , jiao ; wang , yuan ; jin , changzhu ; yan , yaling ; qu , yating ; hu , yaowu 2016 isotopic evidence of foraging ecology of asian elephant ( elephas maximus ) in south china during the late pleistocene . quaternary international : 8 pp . , urltoken
zou , songlin ; chen , xi ; zhang , bei ; zhao , keliang ; wen , jun ; deng , li ; tong , haowen 2016 preliminary report on the late pleistocene mammalian fauna from shangli county , pingxiang , jiangxi province . acta anthropologica sinica , beijing ; 35 ( 1 ) : 109 - 120 , 5 figs , 1 tab [ doi : 10 . 16359 / j . cnki . cn11 - 1963 / q . 2016 . 0010 ]
shao jianhong ; zhao fuzhen ; luo baozheng ; bo qingru ; sha caihua ; liao xiuyun ; xu hainie ; zhuhai 2016 establishment of pcr assay for the detection of rhinoceros - derived ingredients . chinese journal of wildlife 2016 ( 4 ) : 316 - 320
wang , haibing ; bai , bin ; meng , jin ; wang , yuanqing 2016 earliest known unequivocal rhinocerotoid sheds new light on the origin of giant rhinos and phylogeny of early rhinocerotoids . scientific reports 6 : 1 - 9 , 4 figs [ doi : 10 . 1038 / srep39607 ]
the article reports a new forstercooperiine rhinoceros , pappaceras meiomenus sp . nov . , from the late early eocene arshanto formation , erlian basin , nei mongol , china .
vigne , l . ; martin , e . b . 2015 china faces a conservation challenge : the expanding elephant and mammoth ivory trade in beijing and shanghai . nairobi , save the elephant and port lympne , aspinall foundation : pp . 1 - 92
nei xuan - hua 2015 the distribution and transition of rhinoceros sinensis in the perspective of environmental history . journal of wenshan teachers college 28 ( 2 ) : 68 - 73
feng run - dong ; cao lei ; liu rui ; song bing - xue ; liu jing ; cao yong - xiao 2015 comparison of the antipyretic effects between living rhino horn and rhino horn . chinese journal of pharmacovigilance 12 ( 3 ) : 144 - 147
yan yaling ; jin changzhu ; zhu min ; liu yihong ; liu jinyu 2015 age profiles of rhinoceros from the yanliang cave , fusui county , guangxi , south china . acta anthropologica sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 534 - 544
stiles , d . 2015 review of vigne and martin ' s china faces a conservation challenge . pachyderm 56 : 122 - 126
turvey , s . t . ; cao tien trung ; vo dai quyet ; hoang van nhu ; do van thoai ; vo cong anh tuan ; dang thi hoa ; kouvang kacha ; thongsay sysomphone ; sousakhone wallate ; chau thi thanh hai , nguyen van thanh , wilkinson , n . m . 2015 interview - based sighting histories can inform regional conservation prioritization for highly threatened cryptic species . journal of applied ecology 52 : 422–433
yu - shan wu 2015 not beating around the bush : understanding china and south africa ' s illegal wildlife trade . saiia policy insights 28 : 1 - 12
natural resources defense council ; horizon key ; kennaugh , a . 2015 rhino rage : what is driving illegal consumer demand for rhino horn . new york , nrdc , pp . 1 - 23
tong , h . ; wang , x . 2014 juvenile skulls and other postcranial bones of coelodonta nihowanensis from shanshenmiaozui , nihewan basin , china . journal of vertebrate paleontology 34 ( 3 ) : 710 - 724
yan , y . ; wang , y . ; jin , chang - zhu ; mead , j . i . 2014 new remains of rhinoceros ( rhinocerotidae , perissodactyla , mammalia ) associated with gigantopithecus blacki from the early pleistocene yanliang cave , fusui , south china . quaternary international 354 : 110 - 121
abundant dental fossils of rhinoceros , associated with gigantopithecus blacki from the early early pleistocene yanliang cave deposits in fusui county , guangxi zhuang autonomous region of southern china , are described as rhinoceros fusuiensis sp . nov . ( rhinocerotidae , perissodactyla , mammalia ) . th . . .
lu , xiaokang ; ji xue - ping ; gao feng ; li yi - kun ; duan mei 2014 new material of acerorhinus yuanmouensis from the upper miocene hominoid fauna of the yuanmou basin , yunnan , china . vertebrata palasiatica 52 ( 4 ) : 427 - 439 , figs . 1 - 2
yan , yaling ; jin , chang - zhu ; zhu , min ; liu , yihong ; liu , jinyu 2014 age profiles of rhinoceros from the yanliang cave , fusui county , guangxi , south china . acta anthropologica sinica 33 ( 4 ) : 534 - 544
the gigantopithecus fauna recently discovered in the yanliang cave , fusui county , chongzuo municipality , guangxi autonomous region , south china , consists of abundant gigantopithecus remains including mandibles and a large variety of fossil mammals . the most conspicuous large mammalian remains inc . . .
tong , h . ; wang , f . ; zheng , m . ; chen , x . 2014 new fossils of stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and elasmotherium peii from the nihewan basin . acta anthropologica sinica 33 ( 3 ) : 369 - 388
jay xu 2014 a unique air : the bronze rhinoceros and its collector avery brundage . in guolong lai & steuber , j . , collectors , collections , and collecting the arts of china : histories and challenges . gainesville : pp . 14 - 31
turvey , s . t . ; tong , haowen ; stuart , a . j . ; lister , a . m . 2013 holocene survival of late pleistocene megafauna in china : a critical review of the evidence . quaternary science reviews 76 : 156 - 166 , 3 figures , 1 table
deng , tao 2013 incisor fossils of aprotodon ( perissodactyla , rhinocerotidae ) from the early miocene shangzhuang formation of the linxia basin in gansu , china . vertebrata palasiatica 51 ( 2 ) : 131 - 140 , 2 figs .


bellamya phthinotropis is a species of large freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum , an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family viviparidae .

this species is found in kenya , tanzania , and uganda .

bellamya phthinotropis

information on bellamya phthinotropis is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
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how can i put and write and define bellamya phthinotropis in a sentence and how is the word bellamya phthinotropis used in a sentence and examples ? 用bellamya phthinotropis造句 , 用bellamya phthinotropis造句 , 用bellamya phthinotropis造句 , bellamya phthinotropis meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
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gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
critically endangered ( possibly extinct ) b2ab ( i , ii , iii ) ver 3 . 1
justification : despite efforts to find this deep water morphotype , it has not been recovered since the 1950s . this species appears to have been already rare in the first half of the 20th century , represented by a few severely fragmented subpopulations respectively in the north and in the south of the lake . it has been recorded from four localities , within a maximum area of occupancy ( aoo ) of 10 km² based on available habitat , but the current number of known localities is zero . there is declining quality of benthic deep water habitats due to potential impacts from trawling , from pollution ( e . g . sewage output from towns ) and eutrophication from decay of water hyacinth rotting - down after cutting programmes ( lange 2010 ) . it is therefore assessed as critically endangered and it is possibly extinct .
this endemic morphotype was described from deeper waters ( c . 10 - 33 m ) of lake victoria . originally discovered near ' nyamagotso ' near uzindja ( = uzinza near mwanza gulf , tanzania ) , at the southwestern side of the lake , it was subsequently also dredged in the mid - 20th century at buvuma channel , at hippo bay at entebbe , in salisbury channel ( uganda ) and at ilemera ( south of bukoba , tanzania ) ( mandahl - barth 1954 ) . however , during all later surveys , i . e . since the last decades of the 20th century , it has not been recorded and this form may have become extinct .
never have more than a few specimens been recovered during former surveys . subpopulations are assumed to be small and strongly localised ( occurring in a few , fragmented deep - water microhabitats ) and therefore , the population is considered to be severely fragmented .
it has not been recorded since 1954 . it may be extinct or near - extinct due to increasing hypoxic - anoxic conditions of the water column in deeper water as a result of eutrophication and pollution , and trawling .
this errata assessment has been published to remove a duplicated reference in the bibliography , and to correct some minor details in the reference brown , 1994 .
point locality records for this species were recently compiled by d . van damme . as a result of these records , there has been a slight extension to the previously published distribution range for this species . these point locality records are also now displayed on the distribution map .
( errata version published in 2017 ) ( amended version of 2016 assessment ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2017 : e . t2750a121709613 .
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this species is classified as endangered ( en ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
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bert van bocxlaer research unit palaeontology ( we13 ) ghent university krijgslaan 281 building s8 ( loc . b . 1 . 58 ) ghent b - 9000 belgium tel : + 32 ( 0 ) 9 2644605 fax : + 32 ( 0 ) 9 2644608 bert . vanbocxlaer @ urltoken http : / / www . paleo . urltoken / bert _ van _ bocxlaer . php
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these ammonites lived during the late jurassic and early cretaceous .

craspeditidae

craspeditidae is a ammonoid cephalopod family included in the perisphinctoidea superfamily . some classifiers consider the craspeditidae a subfamily in the polyptychitidae .
key words : ammonoidea , craspeditidae , kachpurites , garniericeras , attachment scars , paleobiology , jurassic , russia .
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parent taxon : polyptychitidae according to c . w . wright et al . 1996
original russian text © m . a . rogov , 2014 , published in paleontologicheskii zhurnal , 2014 , no . 5 , pp . 10–16 .
abbink , o . a . , callomon , j . h . , riding , j . b . , williams , p . d . b . , and wolfard , a . , biostratigraphy of jurassic - cretaceous boundary strata in the terschelling basin , the netherlands ,
( stratigraphy of the triassic and jurassic sediments of the oil - and - gas - bearing basins of the ussr : collection of scientific papers ) , leningrad : vses . nauchno - issled . geol . - razv . inst . , 1982 , pp . 115–128 .
byull . mosk . ob - va ispyt . prir . , otd . geol .
, casey , r . and rawson , p . f . , eds . , liverpool : seel house press , 1973 , pp . 193–266 .
( the upper substage of the volgian stage of the central russian platform ) , menner , v . v . , ed . , moscow : nauka , 1969 .
( atlas of geological monuments in the yaroslavl region ) , kiselev , d . n . , et al . , ed . , yaroslavl : yarosl . gos . pedagog . univ . , 2003 , pp . 58–62 .
( mesozoic of the soviet arctic regions ) , zakharov , v . a . and nal’nyaeva , t . i . , eds . , tr . inst . geol . geofiz . sib . otd . akad . nauk sssr , vol . 555 , novosibirsk : nauka , 1983 , pp . 103–125 .
rogov , m . and zakharov , v . , ammonite - and bivalve - based biostratigraphy and panboreal correlation of the volgian stage ,
byull . mosk . ob - va ispt . prir . , otd . geol .
shkolin , a . a . and rogov , m . a . , jurassic and lower cretaceous ammonites from glacial boulders of the yaroslavl volga area , in
( geological heritage sites in the yaroslavl area : stratigraphy , paleontology , and paleogeography ) , moscow : yustitsinform , 2012 .
( a reference section of upper jurassic sediments in the kheta river basin , khatanga depression ) , saks , v . n . , ed . , leningrad : nauka , 1969 .
( the boreal basins at the jurassic - cretaceous boundary ) , tr . vniiokeangeologiya , vol . 193 , leningrad : nedra , 1985 , pp . 3–161 .
wright , c . w . , callomon , j . h . , and howarth , m . k . , cretaceous ammonoidea , in
treatise on invertebrate paleontology : part l . mollusca 4 , revised , vol . 4
, boulder , co , - lawrence , ks : geol . soc . am . - univ . kansas press , 1996 .
this is a short preview of the document . your library or institution may give you access to the complete full text for this document in proquest .
paleontological journal ; moscow vol . 48 , iss . 5 , ( sep 2014 ) : 457 - 464 .
the diagnosis of the genus borealites klimova , 1969 is revised and amended . polymorphism , typical of this group , is described . the new species borealites ( borealites ) schulginae sp . nov . and b . ( pseudocraspedites ) compressus sp . nov . are described .
original russian text © a . e . igolnikov , 2014 , published in paleontologicheskii zhurnal , 2014 , no . 3 , pp . 40–48 .
( jurassic - cretaceous boundary stages ) , moscow : nauka , 1984 , pp . 81–106 .
( ryazanian horizon : fauna , stratigraphic relationships and possible age of this horizon ) , mater . geol . ross . , vol . 18 , st . petersburg : imp . miner . obshch . , 1897 .
, casey , r . and rawson , p . f . , eds . , geol . j . spec . issue , no . 5 , liverpool : seel house press , 1973 , pp . 193–266 .
casey , r . , mesezhnikov , m . s . , and shulgina , n . i . , correlation of the jurassic - cretaceous boundary beds of england , russian platform , subpolar urals , and siberia ,
( mesozoic deposits of svalbard ) , sokolov , v . n . and vasilevskaya , n . d . , eds . , leningrad : nauchno - issied . inst . geol . arct . , 1972 , pp . 82–89 .
( the upper substage of the volgian stage in the central part of the russian platform ) , moscow : nauka , 1969 .
( problems of evolution , ecology , and taphonomy of the late cretaceous ammonites ) , sb . nauchn . tr . yaroslav . gos . ped . inst . , no . 142 , yaroslavl : yaroslav . gos . pedagog . inst . , 1975 , pp . 5–57 .
, casey , r . and rawson , p . f . , eds . , geol . j . spec . issue , no . 5 , liverpool : seel house press , 1973 , pp . 41–80 .
, westermann , g . e . g . , ed . , geol . ass . canada spec . pap . , no . 27 , toronto : univ . toronto press , 1984 , pp . 175–255 .
( the jurassic - creataceous boundary and the berriasian stage in the boreal realm ) , saks , v . n . , ed . , novosibirsk : nauka , 1972 , pp . 194–204 .
( systematic definitions of mesozoic cephalopoda ) , leningrad : leningr . gos . univ . , 1960 .
( mesozoic of the soviet arctic ) , zakharov , v . a . and nal’nyaeva , t . i . , eds . , tr . inst . geol . geofiz . sib . otd . akad . nauk sssr , vol . 555 , novosibirsk : nauka , 1983 , pp . 103–124 .
ruzhencev , v . e . , superorder ammonoidea ( ammonoids ) . general part , in
( fundamentals of paleontology ) , orlov , yu . a . , ed . , vol . 5 :
( mollusca : cephalopoda , 1 ) , moscow : akad . nauk sssr , 1962 , pp . 243–334 .
( the berriasian of the russian platform : stratigraphy , ammonite fauna and aucellids ) , sazonov , n . t . , ed . , tr . vses . nauchno - issled . geologorazv . neft . inst . , vol . 110 , moscow : nedra , 1971 , pp . 27–36 .
( the jurassic - creataceous boundary and the berriasian stage in the boreal realm ) , saks , v . n . , ed . , novosibirsk : nauka , 1972 , pp . 175–194 .
( ammonites of the jurassic - cretaceous boundary beds in the russian platfrom ) , tr . vses . nauchno - issled . geologorazv . neft . inst . , vol . 185 , moscow : nauka , 1977 .
( the jurassic - creataceous boundary and the berriasian stage in the boreal realm ) , saks , v . n . , ed . , novosibirsk : nauka , 1972 , pp . 137–175 .
( boreal basins at the jurassic - cretaceous boundary ) , tr . vses . nauchno - issled . inst . geol . miner . resur . mir . okeana , vol . 193 , leningrad : nedra , 1985 .
( stratigraphy and paleogeography of sedimentary strata of oil - and - gas basins of the ussr ) , kirichkova , a . i . and chirva , s . a . , eds . , leningrad : vses . neft . nauchno - issled . geologorazv . inst . , 1991 , pp . 127–136 .
( stratigraphy and cephalopod mollusks in the the jurassic and lower cretaceous deposits of the anabar region ) , tr . nauchno - issled . inst . geol . arkt . , vol . 110 , moscow : gosgeoltekhizdat , 1962 .
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wright , c . w . , callomon , j . h . , and howarth , m . k . ,
, kaesler , r . l . , ed . , boulder co - lawrence ks : geol . soc . am . - univ . kansas press , 1996 .
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original russian text © v . v . mitta , 2010 , published in paleontologicheskii zhurnal , 2010 , no . 6 , pp . 25–33 .
e . j . baraboshkin , “berriasian - valanginian ( early cretaceous ) seaways of the russian platform basin and the problem of boreal / tethyan correlation , ” geol . carpath .
the boreal lower cretaceous : geol . j . spec . issue no . 5
, ed . by r . casey and p . f . rawson ( seel house press , liverpool , 1973 ) , pp . 193–266 .
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( geol . inst . ross . akad . nauk , moscow , 2005 ) , pp . 135–139 [ in russian ] .
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aleksandr a . mironenko [ paleometro @ gmail . com ] , kirovogradskaya st . , 28 - 1 - 101 , 117519 russia , moscow .
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meristodonoides is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish .

the type species is m. rajkovichi , which was originally a species in the genus hybodus .

the species , along with other hybodus species such as h. butleri and h. montanensis , was reassigned to meristodonoides by charlie j. underwood and stephen l. cumbaa in 2010 .

meristodonoides

hybodont shark meristodonoides sp . ( uunderwood & cumbaa ) aka hybodus sp . ( agassiz )
hamm & cicimurri ( 2011 ) included meristodonoides sp in the atco formation ( early coniacian ) of texas .
the genus meristodonoides is well represented by isolated teeth from the western interior seaway ; but also from kazakhstan , northern europe and elsewhere in north america . they are associated with relatively shallow marine deposits . these species had been formerly included as hybodus on the website and elsewhere .
the meristodonoides dentition is of a clutching - tearing type with gradational monognathic heterodonty . underwood & cumbaa ( 2010 ) note diagnostic characteristics to include : erect primary cusp with slight inclination in more lateral positions ; oval main cusp , weakly compressed labio - lingually , with a complete but weak cutting edge ; lateral cusplets small or absent , well separated from the main cusp ; well - differentiated labial folds ; and a low , well vascularized root , many foramina present below crown ( labially ) .
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type species . hybodus rajkovichi case , 2001 from the cenomanian , late cretaceous of mn , usa .
) from the frankstown fauna ( demopolis fm . , late campanian ) of mississippi .
from the kiowa ( albian ) , dakota ( cenomanian ) and carlile ( turonian ) formations of kansas .
dr . underwood ( pers . com . 2010 ) was kind enough to review the contents of this page .
a new selachian fauna from the judith river formation ( campanian ) of montana .
( case , 1978 ) : in : database of modern sharks , rays and chimaeras , www . shark - references . com , world wide web electronic publication , version 07 / 2018
host - parasite list / parasite - host list ( version : 01 . 04 . 2015 ) 544 pp , 5 , 37 mb new !
a new selachian fauna from the coleraine formation ( upper cretaceous / cenomanian ) of minnesota .
( case , 2001 ) : in : database of modern sharks , rays and chimaeras , www . shark - references . com , world wide web electronic publication , version 07 / 2018
m . novojerseyensis ( case and cappetta , 2004 ) . i still have some work to do in this area so for the present will simply refer to this tooth design
the hybodont sharks have retained a porous primitive root structure that does not fossilize , specimens with complete roots are rare . the teeth have a
triangular central cusp that is rather broad at the base with a weak but complete cutting edge . in addition to the teeth , dorsal fin spines and cephalic claspers can also be found . the claspers , which are only present on the male was used to hold the female during mating . note : for reference i’ve included the section on
a group of stream worn teeth , these teeth average about 1 / 4 of an inch or just under a cm when measured on the diagonal . monmouth county , nj
along with the teeth , cephalic claspers can also be found . these claspers , which are only present on the male were used to hold the female during mating .
¹ case , g . r . & cappetta , h . ( 2004 ) additions to the elasmobranch fauna from the late cretaceous of new jersey ( lower navesink formation , early maastrichtian ) . palaeovertebrata , 33 ( 1 - 4 ) : 1 - 16 , 2 fig . , pl . 1 - 3 .


the wingspan is about 27 mm .

adults are on wing from may to june and in august .

evergestis aridalis

choose one > evergestis aenealis > evergestis aridalis > evergestis caesialis > evergestis dumerlei > evergestis extimalis > evergestis forficalis > evergestis frumentalis > evergestis funalis > evergestis junctalis > evergestis limbata > evergestis pallidata > evergestis simulatilis > evergestis sophialis > evergestis sp . lep - ss - 00322 > evergestis sp . nibge mot - 01257 > evergestis subterminalis > evergestis unimacula all lower taxonomy nodes ( 17 )
evergestis aridalis is a moth in the crambidae family . it was described by barnes and mcdunnough in 1914 . it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from california and nevada .
evergestis renatalis ; rothschild , 1915 , novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 189
evergestis sophialis lupalis zerny , 1928 ; zs . öst . entver . 13 : 50 ; tl : spain
evergestis zernyi schawerda , 1924 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 73 ( s . b ) : 163
evergestis nolentis heinrich , 1940 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 42 ( 2 ) : 36 , pl . 6 - 7 , f . 4 - 4b , 8 ; tl : san felipe wash , san diego co . , california
evergestis - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
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umbrosalis ( fischer von röslerstamm , 1842 ) ; abbildungen schmettkde : 274 , pl . 92 , f . 2
pyralis desertalis hübner , [ 1813 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 6 ] : f . 171 : europe
noctuelia desertalis ; rothschild , 1915 , novit . zool . 22 ( 2 ) : 190
752x547 ( ~ 90kb ) russia , moscow area , 12 . 06 . 2007 , photo © d . smirnov
phalaena extimalis scopoli , 1763 ; ent . carniolica : 241 , f . 614
523x600 ( ~ 81kb ) russia , moscow area , 16 . 7 . 2006 © d . smirnov
politalis ( denis & schiffermüller , 1775 ) ; ank . syst . schmett . wienergegend : 121
subfuscalis ( staudinger , 1871 ) ; horae soc . ent . ross . 7 ( 1870 ) : 192 , pl . 2 , f . 9
aenealis ( denis & schiffermüller , 1775 ) ; ank . syst . schmett . wienergegend : 123
orobena renatalis oberthür , 1887 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . ( 6 ) 7 : 99 ; tl : bou saada , . . .
funalis ( grote , 1878 ) ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 4 : 670
obliqualis ( grote , 1883 ) ; trans . kansas acad . sci . 8 : 56
pachyzancloides sexmaculosus matsumura , 1925 ; j . coll . agric . hokkaido imp . univ . 15 : 190 , pl . 11 , f . 27 ♂ ; tl : sakhalin , ichinosawa
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histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptéres . tome huitiéme . deltoides et pyralites
a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 2
walker , 1859 list of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the british museum . supplement list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 16 : 1 - 253 ( [ 1859 ] ) , 17 : 255 - 508 ( 1859 ) , 18 : 509 - 798 ( 1859 ) , 19 : 799 - 1036 ( 1859 )
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a number of species are pests , including the cross - striped cabbageworm ( e . rimosalis ) , a pest of cole crops such as cabbage .
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
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