agnostotes orientalis is a species of agnostid trilobite belonging to the genus agnostotes .

it existed during the jiangshanian age ( 494 million years ago ) of the cambrian .

it is an important index fossil in biostratigraphy .

agnostotes orientalis

1 - 6 . agnostotes orientalis ( kobayashi ) from pseudagnostus ( p . ) . . . | download scientific diagram
proposed gssp for the base of cambrian stage 9 , coinciding with the first appearance of agnostotes o . . .
figure 8 observed stratigraphic distribution of conodonts in the huayansi formation near the base of the agnostotes orientalis zone , duibian b section , jiangshan county , zhejiang province , china . agn , agnostoid trilobite biostratigraphic zonation ; poly , polymerid trilobite biostratigraphic zonation . t , thickness .
. . . the gssp of the jiangshanian stage has been recently established at the fad of the agnostoid trilobite agnostotes orientalis in the duibian section , zhejiang province , south china ( peng et al . , 2012 ) . in the duibian section conodonts are present only at higher levels ( bagnoli and qi , 2011 ) . according to dong et al . ( 2004 , table 2 ) , the base of the a . ( pseudoglyptagnostus ) clavatus ( = a . orientalis ) –irvingella angustilimbata zone correlates with the base of the müller and hinz , 1991 sample gt126 , posterior view , nigp158905 . . . .
figure 5 . 1 - 6 . agnostotes orientalis ( kobayashi ) from pseudagnostus ( p . ) vastulus - irvingella tropica assemblage - zone ; 1 - 4 , 6 , kyrshabakty section ; 5 , batyrbai section ; 14 , acc . igna 1950 / 8051 , latex cast of exoskeleton , ×3 . 5 , sample 2004 ; 2 , igna 1950 / 7030 , latex cast of exoskeleton , ×5 . 5 , sample 2004 ; 3 , igna 1950 / 3225 , cephalon , ×12 ; sample 1357 - 3 ; 4 , igna 1950 / 3256 , pygidium , ×5 , sample 1357 - 3 , 5 , 1950 / 8051 , exoskeleton , ×7 , 5 , sample 1466 - 2 ; 6 , igna 1950 / 3344a , pygidium , ×9 . 5 , sample 1357 - 2 . 7 - 10 , irvingella tropica öpik from pseudagnostus ( p . ) vastulus - irvingella tropica assemblage - zone ; 7 , igna 1950 / 7060 , latex cast of pygidium with attached thorax , ×4 . 3 , sample 2004 ; 8 , 1950 / 2061 , incomplete cranidium , ×6 , sample 2004 ; 9 , acc . igna1950 / 197 , cranidium , ×6 , sample 1357 - 1 ; 10 , igna 1950 / 198 , cranidium , ×6 , sample 1357 - 1 . specimens are reposited in the k . i . satpaev institute of geological sciences , almaty , kazakhstan ( igna ) .
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in the image above , agnostida ( yellow ) is seen as an early order , arising in the early cambrian and persisting to the late ordovician .
cephalon : no facial sutures or eyes ; glabella divided by transglabellar suture into anteroglabella and posteroglabella ; cephalothoracic aperture present . thorax : 2 thoracic segments bearing distinctive articulating structures , but no articulating half - ring on anterior thoracic segment . pygidium : axis usually wide , inflated , 3 or fewer segments , one of which usually carries a tubercle ; posterior axial rings effaced ( posteroaxis ) ; pygidial margin often bearing posterolateral spines . cuticle thin . superfamilies : agnostoidea and condylopygoidea ( each described below ) .
superfamily condylopygoidea cephalon : with transversely oriented basal glabella lobes , separated by medial plate , together forming a clear occipital structure , anterior glabellar lobe laterally expanded around anterior end of posteroglabella , sometimes separated by a median sulcus . thorax : as in typical agnostina . pygidium : axis with 3 - segmented anteroaxis ; broad , posteriorly rounded posteroaxis . family : condylopygidae genera : condylopyge ( / paragnostus ; fallagnostus ) , miraculaspis , pleuroctenium ( = dichagnostus ) .
the arrangement of genera and families for suborder agnostina is via jell and adrain 2003 , superceding some of the classification of agnostida in the 1997 treatise . for listed genera , synonyms are shown in parentheses .
( see figure at right ) were first documented ( muller and walossek 1987 ) , they proved very different from previously described trilobite limbs ( e . g . , those of
, etc . ) . this cast doubt about the presumed inclusion of the suborder agnostina within the class trilobita . however , no appendages from fully grown holaspid agnostines have ever been documented , leaving room for the contention that larval limbs may not resemble those of adults . the argument has also been made that agnostid trilobites may represent evolution via progenesis ( maturity achieved while the body retains immature morphology ) , which suggests that even adult agnostines could retain the presumed larval form . no limbs of protaspides or meraspides of
conventional
trilobites has been described either , so the speculation that the limbs of
cotton , t . j . & r . a . fortey . 2005 . comparative morphology and relationships of the agnostida .
fortey , r . a . 2001 . trilobite systematics : the last 75 years .
ramskold , l . & g . d . edgecombe . 1991 . trilobite monophyly revisited .
it has been suggested that agnostida , via their small size , widespread distribution , and large numbers , might have been planktonic . however , there are a number of logical inconsistencies with this contention ( via pers . comm . brian chatterton 2003 ) :
1 ) most agnostida are blind , while most modern pelagic arthropods are sighted .
2 ) they are often found complete , articulated , right way up among complete articulated , right way up ptychopariid and other trilobites that everyone would accept as benthic .
3 ) agnostid numbers often vary radically in different beds when collecting through a section ( richard fortey , in his work on spitsbergen , argued that pelagic forms should occur in small numbers throughout the section rather than in great numbers at some levels and few or none at others ) .
5 ) the widespread occurrence of species of agnostids does not require they be pelagic ; deep cold water benthic species usually have much more widespread dispersal patterns than shallow shelf species ( there have been a number of papers pointing this out for a wide range of organisms ) . agnostids are typically associated with deep , cold water deposits .
6 ) the morphology of agnostids ( low , flat bottomed , wide ) is much more typical of benthic than pelagic forms . the latter are often as high as wide , and with obvious adaptations for powerful swimming appendages .
7 ) while agnostids are small , they are not so small that they would have been operating in a very low reynolds number environment ( hydrodynamically speaking ) . therefore , to stay up in the water column , they would either have to work hard ( to counteract the weight of their shell ) , or have some buoyancy mechanism to achieve neutral buoyancy . there is no evidence for this . agnostid trilobites are not particularly thin shelled and some could even be argued to be moderately thick shelled .
8 ) agnostid appendages ( only known from orsten deposits ) may appear slightly unusual when compared with those of adult benthic trilobites . however , the only known appendages are for very small agnostids ( meraspides ) . we do not know what the appendages of other trilobites at that stage would have looked like .
9 ) most enrolled agnostids seem to be juveniles . adult forms are almost all outstretched , and preserved dorsal side uppermost ( if they are not disarticulated ) . this suggests that the mature stages at least were crawling around on the sea floor , dorsal side uppermost ( not partly enrolled in the water column as suggested by some ) .
in summary , at the very least , agnostids spend some of their adult lives on the sea floor . they did not just come down to the sea floor to moult ( otherwise we would only find moults in reasonable articulated form , the correct way up ) . why did they not spend all of their adult lives on or close to the sea floor ? the pelagic argument does not explain all of the data . arguing that most or all agnostids were benthic , widespread , deep , cold water forms explains more of the available facts .
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the base of the jiangshanian stage is exposed at the base of dadoushan hill , west of duibian village , zhejiang province , china . the boundary level is 108 . 12m above the base of the huayansi formation in the duibian b section and corresponds with the first appearance of the agnostoid arthropod
the duibian b section is situated at duibian village about 10 km north of jiangshan city , zhejiang province , china at a latitude of 28â°48 . 958 ' n and a longitude of 118â°36 . 896 ' e .
the boundary section lies within the huayansi formation . the huayansi formation consists of dark , thin - bedded , argillaceous and laminated limestones . the gssp is located 108 . 12m above the base of the huayansi formation at the base of an 8 cm thick layer of dark gray calcisiltites .
has a worldwide distribution . the species is known from australia , kazakhstan , laurentia , russia , south korea and south china .
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, their fossils play a major role in determining the order and age of global geological strata . using the preserved remains of living things to study the relative age of geological strata is called biostratigraphy , and trilobites are among several groups of organisms that play major roles in such studies .
history of biostratigraphy a very brief history of biostratigraphy reveals several basic principles that were established over the centuries . in the late 1600s , nicolaus steno established the proposition that rock layers should lie over one another in the order of their age , the oldest at the bottom , and the youngest deposited on top ( the law of superposition ) . we know that there are many exceptions to this , because of geological processes such as tectonics , metamorphic folding , subduction , etc . , but these processes are added to the basic principal of deeper = older .
by the end of the 18th century , fossils were accepted as remains of past life , and in the early 1800s william smith ( england ) , and george cuvier and alexandre brongniart ( france ) documented that different layers contained distinctive fossils that characterized their chronological periods , opening the doors to the use of fossils to establish a sequence of rock layers through time , and across global geographies . the basic stratigraphic unit is the
. it is defined by the first appearence datum ( fad ) of a specific short - range index species , and ends at the fad of the next chosen index species . the first index species can also occur in the second biozone .
by the 1890s , several of the main divisions of the paleozoic era , such as the cambrian and carboniferous periods were internationally recognized . it was not until the 20th century , however , that the study of radioactive decay allowed scientists to date rocks via their isotope proportions , finally giving absolute ages to the relative ages of the geological time scale . because of the long history of the use of fossils to establish geological time , the boundaries of the different eras ( e . g . , paleozoic , mesozoic , cenozoic ) and periods ( e . g . , cambrian , ordovician , silurian ) are based on major changes in the fossils found in the rock , and thus in the faunas that lived then . this has entered popular knowledge : the mesozoic is the
age of dinosaurs
, and the paleozoic is the era marked by trilobites .
the chart at right ( adapted from tormo 2002 ) shows geological strata of the middle middle cambrian in the montagne noire area , southern france , sw europe , and the trilobites found within them ( various species of solenopleuridae ) , recording their presence as dots on the right half of the chart . different species characterize the succeeding strata . some species ' fad and ranges occur within a single lithographic type , while others are found across different strata .
) phylozone , then reappear after two intervening strata ( purple and orange ) . this seeming
resurrection
from extinction is called the
different layers of geological stratigraphy correspond to different units of time ( chronology ) , so the strata , or the time period assigned to them bear the same names , but different units . the table at right shows the equivalence of these units . the
, for example , refers to the lowest strata of the paleozoic erathem , characterized by particular fossils and geological features . these have been dated , and the period of time is called the
, and covers a currently defined chronology from 542 to 488 million years before present .
= 15 my , usually 2 - 6 epochs in a period , with 3 in most . examples :
, and how they extended across various portions of the paleozoic ( chart below ) . the order
has its heyday in the ordovician . by the last stages of the devonian system , all of the orders of trilobites were no longer found , save the
at the end of the permian , the last period of the paleozoic . but looking closer , we see that subgroups of the orders mark other subdividions in biostratigraphy . the
does not persist past epoch 3 ( end of the middle cambrian ) . see the page on
) are not found on other continents at all . nonetheless , there are some patterns observed among rare species of widespread paleobiogeography .
) in the boundary delineations of the zones and stages of the cambrian . other endemic taxa and their paleocontinents are included for interest , but the listing is not exhaustive . colors used for the systems , series , and stages are via the international stratigraphic chart 2008 . the chart continues to be developed , and only three of the boundary points ( called global boundary stratotype section and point - - gssp ) have been formally accepted ( indicated below with a red
note ) . the rest are emerging consensus markers that eventually will be published formally , pending further discussion . below the chart are some images of cambrian trilobites of biostratigraphic importance .
the name cambrian was introduced in geology by murchison and sedgwick in 1835 . the name comes from the celtic cambria , the classical name for wales , uk , and was used to designate a thick lithological series there . only lithological critera was used by early workers , with little agreement on age or boundaries . following on the pioneering works of smith , dalman ( 1827 ) distinguish two faunas in scandinavia ,
fauna was named the georgian , and was considered the lower cambrian . this three - part division of the cambrian was adopted by generations of workers , and is only presently being superceded by the four series system above . the discovery of fossils of undetermined affinity in strata lower than trilobites ( the
small shelly fossils
fauna ) extended the cambrian lower than it was previously set , and this pre - trilobite series is now considered the lowest cambrian .
babcock , l . e . , s peng , g . geyer , & j . h . shergold . 2005 . changing perspectives on cambrian chronostratigraphy and progress toward subdivision of the cambrian system .
dalman , j . w . 1827 . om palæaderna eller de så kallade trilobiterna .
geyer , g . & j . shergold . 2000 . the quest for internationally recognized divisions of cambrian time .
international subcommission on cambrian stratigraphy . 2002 . proposed global standard stratotype - section and point ( gssp ) for the paibian stage and furongian series ( upper cambrian ) .
murchison , r . i . 1835 . on the silurian system of rocks .
sedgwick , a . 1852 . on the classification and nomenclature of the lower palaeozoic rocks of england and wales .
sedgwick , a . 1855 ( in sedgwick a . & mccoy f . ) .
smith , w . , 1815 , a memoir to the map and delineation of the strata of england and wales , with a part of scotland : john cary , london , 51p .
smith , w . 1816 - 1819 , strata identified by organized fossils containing prints on coloured paper of the most characteristic specimens in each stratum : w . arding , london , 32p . , 17 plates .
smith , w . 1817 , stratigraphical system of organized fossils , with reference to the specimens of the original collection in the british museum : explaining their state of preservation and their use in identifying the british strata : e . williams , london , 118p .
shergold , j . h . 1997 . explanatory notes for the cambrian correlation chart . in : whittington , h . b . et al .
steno , n . 1669 , de solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodomus : florence , 76p .
tormo , n . 2002 . la formation de coulouma ( cambrien moyen ) dans l ' unité de mélagues ( versant nord de la montagne noire , france ) .
walcott , c . d . 1886 . studies on the cambrian fauna of north america .
walcott , c . d . 1888 . the stratigraphical succession of the cambrian faunas in north america .
white , a . toby . the furongian ( late cambrian ) . urltoken from the palaeos website : white , a . t . & m . a . kazlev ( 2002 - ongoing ) .
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westrop , s . r . et al . 2011 , the cambrian ( sunwaptan , furongian ) agnostoid . . . bulletin of geosciences , 86 , 569 - 594 .
bulletin of geosciences published by © czech geological survey , w . bohemia museum pilsen individual sponsors issn : 1802 - 8225 ( online ) , 1214 - 1119 ( print )
the cambrian ( sunwaptan , furongian ) agnostoid arthropod lotagnostus whitehouse , 1936 , in laurentian and avalonian north america : systematics and biostratigraphic significance .
( billings , 1860 ) , far from being distributed globally , can be identified with confidence only at its type locality of quebec . as such , it is ill - suited as an index for international correlation .
and is most similar to other effaced species from australia . sclerites from avalonian canada are represented by perhaps as many as two species , one of which is
difficult to interpret in its type region of avalonian britain , and possible occurrences in other areas are therefore questionable at best . at the current state of knowledge , this species name should not be applied outside of avalonian britain . aside from
, which may possibly appear in slightly older strata , all laurentian occurrences are confined to upper sunwaptan successions . most are in the
fauna in the latter region . occurrences in avalonian canada are all from the upper
adrain , j . m . & westrop , s . r . 2004 . a late cambrian ( sunwaptan ) silicified trilobite fauna from nevada .
ahlberg , p . & ahlgren , j . 1996 . agnostids from the upper cambrian of vastergötland , sweden .
allen , p . m . , jackson , a . a . & rushton , a . w . a . 1981 . the stratigraphy of the mawddach group in the cambrian succession of north wales .
apollonov , m . k . , chugaeva , m . n . , dubinina , s . v & zhemchuzhnikov , v . g . 1988 . batyrbay section , south kazakhstan , u . s . s . r . - potential stratotype for the cambrian - ordovician boundary .
babcock , l . e . & peng , s . - c . 2007 . cambrian chronostratigraphy : current state and future plans .
bao , j . s . & jago , j . b . 2000 . late late cambrian trilobites from near birch inlet , southwestern tasmania .
billings , e . 1860 . on some new species of fossils from the limestone at point levis opposite quebec .
clark , t . h . 1924 . the paleontology of the beekmantown series at lévis , quebec .
ergaliev , g . k . 1983 . some trilobites from the upper cambrian and lower ordovician of the greater karatau and ulutau , 35 - 66 .
geyer , g . & shergold , j . 2000 . the quest for internationally recognized divisions of cambrian time .
harrington , h . j . & leanza , a . f . 1957 . ordovician trilobites of argentina .
henningsmoen , g . 1957 . the trilobite family olenidae with description of norwegian material and remarks on the olenid and tremadocian series .
skrifter utgitt ave det norske videnskaps - academi i oslo . 1 . matematisk - naturvidenskapeilig klasse 1
howell , b . f . 1935 . cambrian and ordovician trilobites from hérault , southern france .
hutchinson , r . d . 1952 . the stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the cambrian sedimentary rocks of cape breton island .
landing , e . 1996 . avalon - insular continent by the latest precambrian , 27 - 64 .
( miller , 1969 ) fad and herb carbon isotope excursion define a globally correlatable terminal cambrian stage .
landing , e . , westrop , s . r . , kröger , b . & english , a . 2011 . left behind - delayed extinction and a relict trilobite fauna in the cambrian - ordovician boundary succession ( northeast laurentia , new york ) .
the cambrian system of the siberian platform . part 2 : north - east of the siberian platform
longacre , s . a . 1970 . trilobites of the upper cambrian ptychaspid biomere , wilberns formation , central texas .
lu , y - h . 1954 . upper cambrian trilobites from santa , southeastern kueichou .
lu , y - h . & lin , h - l . 1980 . cambrian - ordovician boundary in western zhejiang and the trilobites contained therein .
lu , y - h . & lin , h - l . 1984 . late cambrian and earliest ordovician trilobites of jiangshan - changshan area , zhejiang , 45 - 143 .
lu , y - h . & lin , h - l . 1989 . the cambrian trilobites of western zhejiang .
ludvigsen , r . 1982 . upper cambrian and lower ordovician trilobite biostratigraphy of the rabbitkettle formation , western district of mackenzie .
ludvigsen , r . , westrop , s . r . & kindle , c . h . 1989 . sunwaptan ( upper cambrian ) trilobites of the cow head group , western newfoundland , canada .
m’coy , f . 1849 . on the classification of some british fossil crustacea with notices of some new forms in the university collection at cambridge .
matthew , g . f . 1901 . new species of cambrian fossils from cape breton .
matthew , g . f . 1903 . report on the cambrian rocks of cape breton .
nielsen , a . t . 1997 . a review of ordovician agnostid genera ( trilobita ) .
palmer , a . r . 1955 . upper cambrian agnostidae of the eureka district , nevada .
pegel , t . v . 2000 . evolution of trilobite biofacies in cambrian basins on the siberian platform .
peng , s . - c . 1984 . cambrian - ordovician boundary in the cili - taoyuan border area , northwestern hunan , 285 - 405 .
peng , s . - c . 1992 . upper cambrian biostratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the cili - taoyuan area , northwestern hunan .
( billings , 1860 ) : key species for defining global stages of the cambrian system .
peng , s . - c . & robison , r . a . 2000 . agnostoid biostratigraphy across the middle - upper cambrian boundary in hunan , china .
pratt , b . r . 1992 . trilobites of the marjuman and steptoean stages ( upper cambrian ) , rabbitkettle formation , southern mackenzie mountains , northwest canada .
rasetti , f . 1945 . new upper cambrian trilobites from the lévis conglomerate .
rasetti , f . 1959 . trempealeauan trilobites from the conococheague , frederick , and grove limestones of the central appalachians .
reinhardt , j . 1974 . stratigraphy , sedimentology and cambrian - ordovician paleogeography of the frederick valley , maryland .
robison , r . a . 1976 . middle cambrian biostratigraphy of the great basin .
rusconi , c . 1951 . trilobitas cámbricos del cerro pelado ( mendoza ) .
rusconi , c . 1955 . más fósiles cámbricos y ordovícicos de san isidro , mendoza .
salter , j . w . 1864 . figures and descriptions illustrative of british organic remains . decade 11 , trilobites ( chiefly silurian ) .
shergold , j . h . 1972 . late upper cambrian trilobites from the gola beds , western queensland .
shergold , j . h . 1975 . late cambrian and early ordovician trilobites from the burke river structural belt , western queensland , australia .
shergold , j . h . , bordonaro , o . & linán , e . 1995 . late cambrian agnostoid trilobites from argentina .
shergold , j . h . , laurie , j . r . & sun , x . 1990 . classification and review of the trilobite order agnostida salter . 1864 : an australian perspective .
taylor , m . e . 1976 . indigenous and redeposited trilobites from late cambrian basinal environments of central nevada .
terfelt , f . , eriksson , m . e . , ahlberg , p . & babcock , m . e . 2008 . furongian series ( cambrian ) biostratigraphy of scandinavia - a revision .
tortello , m . f . & bordonaro , o . l . 1997 . cambrian agnostoid trilobites from mendoza , argentina : a systematic revision and biostratigraphic implications .
troedsson , g . t . 1937 . on the cambro - ordovician faunas of western quruq tagh , eastern tien - shan .
westergard , a . h . 1944 . borrningar genomi skanes alunskiffer 1941 - 42 .
westergard , a . h . 1947 . supplementary notes on the upper cambrian trilobites of sweden .
westrop , s . r . 1986 . trilobites of the upper cambrian sunwaptan stage , southern canadian rocky mountains , alberta .
westrop , s . r . 1995 . sunwaptan and ibexian ( upper cambrian - lower ordovician ) trilobites of the rabbitkettle formation , northern mackenzie mountains , northwest canada .
530 pp . geological society of america & university of kansas , boulder , colorado & lawrence , kansas .
whitehouse , f . w . 1936 . the cambrian faunas of northeastern australia , part 1 , stratigraphic outline ; part 2 , trilobita ( miomera ) .
xiang , l - w . & zhang , t . r . 1985 . systematic descriptions of trilobite fossils , 64 - 136 .
peoples’ republics of china ministry of geology and mineral resources geological memoirs , series 2 , 4 .
zhou , z , li , j . & qu , x . 1982 . trilobita . paleontological atlas of northwest china , shaanxi - gansu - ningxia , volume 1 , 215 - 294 .
the revision of the type collections on the genus pseudorhaptagnostus lermontova , 1940 has shown the validity of the type species . originally indicated type species p . simplex lermontova , 1951 appeared to be erroneously combination of cephala and pygidia from different species ; recombined set of cephala and pygidia for p . simplex synonymized it with p . punctatus lermontova , 1940 , and therefore renamed the type species as the latter one . also pseudorhaptagnostus has shown to differ from its close morphological affinities neoagnostus , norilagnostus , machairagnostus , idolagnostus . new introduction of their morphological difference allowed us to rearrange the species assignment of these genera .
original russian text © e . b . naimark , 2016 , published in paleontologicheskii zhurnal , 2016 , no . 1 , pp . 51–65 .
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( trilobites and conodonts from the batyrbai section ( uppermost cambrian–lower ordovician ) in the malyi karatau range ) , almaata : nauka , 1984 .
bao jin - song and jago , j . b . , late late cambrian trilobites from near birch inlet , south - western tasmania ,
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( phylum arthropoda—trilobitomorpha and crustacea ) , orlov , yu . a . , ed . , moscow : akad . nauk sssr , 1960 , pp . 17–54 .
cooper , r . a . , jago , j . b . , and begg , j . g . , cambrian trilobites from northern victoria land , antarctica , and their stratigraphic implications ,
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biostratigrafiya paleozoya sayano - altaiskoi gornoi oblasti . t . 1 ( nizhnii paleozoi )
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kobayashi , t . , the cambro - ordovitian formations and faunas of south chosen . paleontology : part iii ( cambrian faunas of south chosen with a special study on the cambrian trilobite genera and families ) ,
kobayashi , t . , the cambro - ordovician formations and faunas of south korea . part x ( stratigraphy of the chosen group in korea and south manchuria and its relation to the cambro - ordovician formations of other areas , section a—the chosen group of south korea ,
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lazarenko , n . p . , pegel , t . v . , sukhov , s . s . , abaimova , g . p . , and gogin , i . y . , the type section of the upper cambrian of the siberian platform , a candidate stratotype for the base of a stage of the international stratigraphic scale ( khos - nelege river , western yakutiya , russia ) , in
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lazarenko , n . p . , gogin , i . y . , pegel , t . v . , and abaimova , g . p . , the khos - nelege river section of the ogon’or formation : a potential candidate for the gssp of stage 10 , cambrian system ,
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conodonts from the global stratotype section for the base of the guzhangian stage ( cambrian ) at luoy . . .
the base of the guzhangian stage ( cambrian ) has been ratified recently at the lowest occurrence of the cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite lejopyge laevigata ( base of the lejopyge laevigata zone ) in the huaqiao formation in the luoyixi section , guzhang county , hunan province , china . sampling of the luoyixi section in the boundary interval reveals 16 protoconodont and paraconodont taxa . the . . . [ show full abstract ]
cambrian conodonts across the pre - furongian to furongian interval in the gssp section at paibi , huna . . .
the conterminant base of the furongian series and paibian stage ( cambrian ) , as ratified in 2003 , is in dark carbonate slope deposits of the paibi section , hunan , china , at the fad of the agnostid trilobite glyptagnostus reticulatus . sampling in the boundary interval reveals 38 taxa of protoconodonts and paraconodonts , including two new species , prosagittodontus telli and furnishina miao , and . . . [ show full abstract ]
conodonts from the wa ' ergang section , china , a potential gssp for the uppermost stage of the cambria . . .
furongian ( upper cambrian ) conodonts from the shenjiawan formation , wa ' ergang section , taoyuan county , hunan province , south china are described . the wa ' ergang section has been proposed as a potential gssp for the base of the uppermost stage of the cambrian system , at the first appearance of the agnostoid trilobite lotagnostus americanus . the shenjiawan formation consists of limestone with . . . [ show full abstract ]
exposed in natural outcrops near the duibian village , jiangshan county , zhejiang province , china , the duibian b section is proposed as the boundary stratotype for the base of an unnamed stage termed provisionally cambrian stage 9 . the proposed position of the gssp is 108 . 12 m above the base of the huayansi formation , at a horizon coinciding with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan . . . [ show full abstract ]


henricus ellampus is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in costa rica .

the wingspan is about 19 mm .

the ground colour of the forewings is whitish cream , strigulated ( finely streaked ) with cream and suffused with pale brownish cream at the base and subdorsally .

the hindwings are pale cream grey .

henricus ellampus

this is the place for ellampus definition . you find here ellampus meaning , synonyms of ellampus and images for ellampus copyright 2017 © urltoken
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word ellampus . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word ellampus and , of course , ellampus synonyms and on the right images related to the word ellampus .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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tesuquea is a genus of moths in the carposinidae family .

it contains the single species tesuquea hawleyana , which is found in the southern united states , including new mexico .

the wingspan is about 14 mm .

tesuquea

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genus : tesuquea klots , 1936 . am . mus . novit . ( no . 867 ) : 4 .
type - species : tesuquea hawleyana klots , 1936 . am . mus . novit . 867 : 4 , figs 6 - 8 .
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 21 . 23f ; p . 167 . book review and ordering
[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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