burnupia stenochorias is a species of small freshwater snail or limpet , an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family planorbidae , the ram 's horn snails and their allies .

burnupia stenochorias

comparative sperm morphology of the pulmonate limpets trimusculus costatus , t . reticulatus ( trimusculidae ) and burnupia stenochorias and ancylus fluviatilis ( ancylidae )
comparative sperm morphology of the pulmonate limpets trimusculus costatus , t . reticulatus ( trimusculidae ) and burnupia stenochorias and ancylus fluviatilis ( ancylidae ) | journal of molluscan studies | oxford academic
in addition to these medically related associations , certain species , such as burnupia stenochorias ( melvill and ponsonby , 1903 ) , have been reported as potential indicators of toxicity within the eastern cape of south africa ( davies - coleman and palmer , 2004 ) .
davies - coleman hd and palmer cg ( 2004 ) the use of a freshwater mollusc , burnupia stenochorias ( ancylidae ) as an ecotoxicological indicator in whole effluent toxicity testing . proc . 2004 water institute of southern africa ( wisa ) biennial conference . 309 - 315 . [ links ]
a . n . hodgson , j . m . healy ; comparative sperm morphology of the pulmonate limpets trimusculus costatus , t . reticulatus ( trimusculidae ) and burnupia stenochorias and ancylus fluviatilis ( ancylidae ) , journal of molluscan studies , volume 64 , issue 4 , 1 november 1998 , pages 447–460 , urltoken
davies - coleman , hd . and palmer , cg . , 2004 . the use of a freshwater mollusc , burnupia stenochorias ( ancylidae ) as an ecotoxicological indicator in whole effluent toxicity testing . proceedings of the 2004 water institute of southern africa ( wisa ) biennial conference cape town , 2004 . south africa . p . 309 - 315 . [ links ]
of all the species of burnupia currently on record in the database of the national freshwater snail collection ( nfsc ) , a comprehensive account of the distribution and habitat preferences of only two of the most widespread burnupia species in south africa , namely b . capensis and b . stenochorias , has yet been published ( de kock and wolmarans , 2009 ) . the current paper deals with the geographical distribution and habitat preferences of b . trapezoidea , the third most widespread species of this genus in south africa , as reflected by the records in the database of the nfsc .
justification : the genus of burnupia needs taxonomic revision . the number of species is highly uncertain . currently 14 species are described , but it is very likely that there are too many described species ( brown 1994 ) .
the genus of burnupia needs taxonomic revision . the number of species is uncertain . currently 14 species are described , but it is very likely that there are too many described species ( brown 1994 ) . the genus needs to be revised .
oberholzer g and van eeden ja ( 1969 ) studies on the morphology and histology of burnupia mooiensis ( walker ) ( mollusca , basommatophora , ancylidae ) . wetenskaplike bydraes van die pu vir cho , reeks b : natuurwetenskappe 7 1 - 69 . [ links ]
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curtis , b . stensgaard , a - s . & smith , k .
this species is known only from the type locality at ebb en floed , port elizabeth , eastern cape , south africa . it probably occupies much of the range known for the genus ( brown 1994 ) . ( refer to the map for b . caffra which represents the whole genus . ) the genus is widely thought to occur only in africa but reports of its presence in the southern part of sout .
this genus is generally found in well - oxygenated water , especially on stones in streams and at lake edges ( brown 1994 ) .
no conservation measures known of , but would be valuable with information about ecology , population size and distribution .
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was already described in 1912 from specimens from the mooi river , potchefstroom while the oldest sample in the national freshwater snail collection ( nfsc ) dates back to 1956 . there are currently 14 species on record ; however , to date the geographical distribution and habitat requirements of only two species were published . the geographical distribution of the 224 samples of
on record in the database of the nfsc and certain aspects of their sampling sites were analysed and the frequency of occurrence in different waterbodies , water conditions and substrata presented in tables . data was statistically treated to determine habitat requirements . the largest percentage of samples came from rivers ( 57 . 59 % ) , streams ( 18 . 30 % ) and the majority was collected in perennial habitats with stony substrata .
is distributed mainly in the south - eastern areas of north - west , central areas of gauteng and the south - western areas of mpumalanga . in contrast to this , the distribution of
covers a much wider area , in spite of the fact that all three were already described by 1912 from sites in south africa and that they share similar habitat requirements . the 14 species of
are spread over 556 different loci ( 0 . 0625° < sup > 2 < / sup > ) and therefore is one of the most widespread freshwater snail genera in south africa . in view of its wide distribution , largely sessile , benthic lifestyle and the fact that they feed on epilithon , it is recommended that the feasibility to utilise them as bio - indicators of heavy metal pollution in waterbodies in different areas of south africa be confirmed .
copyright ( c ) 2016 kenné n . de kock , cornelius t . wolmarans
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identification of the specimens was done by following the diagnostic criteria laid down by walker ( 1923 ) , connolly ( 1939 ) and oberholzer and van eeden ( 1969 ) , and was based largely on shell and radula characteristics ; however , origin of the samples was also taken into account . details of the biotopes of all samples of b . trapezoidea , dating from 1956 to 2016 , which could be located on a 1 : 250 000 topo - cadastral map series of south africa , were extracted for analysis from the nfsc database .
the 445 samples of b . trapezoidea which could be pinpointed on a topo - cadastral map series fell within the 121 loci depicted in fig . 1 .
this species was collected in 10 of the 14 different water - body types represented in the database . the largest numbers of samples came from rivers and streams ; however , the six samples collected in springs represented a slightly higher percentage ( 1 . 74 % ) of the total number of times molluscs were reported from this type of water body in the database ( table 1 ) .
the frequency of occurrence in rivers and streams did not differ significantly ( χ = 1 . 46 , df = 1 ; p > 0 . 05 ) ; however , chi square values indicated that the frequency of occurrence in these two water body types differed significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) from most of the other types of water body . an effect size of 0 . 44 , which is deemed as moderate to large , was calculated for water bodies . the majority of samples were collected in perennial habitats for which the water conditions were described as clear and fresh , while equal numbers of samples were reported from slow - running and standing water ( table 2 ) . the frequency of occurrence in perennial water did not differ significantly from seasonal water ( χ = 0 . 83 , df = 1 ; p > 0 . 05 ) . a large value was calculated for the effect of current speed , while both perennial and seasonal water , as well as turbidity , had only a small effect and salinity no effect at all ( table 2 ) .
the majority of samples were reported from water bodies with predominantly stony substrata ( table 3 ) and the frequency of occurrence on this type of substratum differed significantly ( p < 0 . 05 ) from all other types .
more than 80 % of the samples were collected at sites which fell within the interval of mean annual temperature ranging from 16 to 20°c ( table 4 ) and the frequency of occurrence differed significantly from sites falling within the other two intervals in which samples were collected ( p > 0 . 05 ) . more than 70 % of the samples were reported from sites falling within the interval of mean annual rainfall ranging from 601 to 900 mm ( table 4 ) . a moderate and a moderate to large effect value were calculated for rainfall and temperature , respectively ( table 4 ) .
the random forest analysis ( fig . 2 ) selected water bodies , the presence or absence of marginal and aquatic vegetation , and type of substratum as the most important variables that played a significant role in determining the presence and numbers of specimens of b . trapezoidea in a specific area . in contrast , according to this analysis , temperature had a moderate effect , while current speed and turbidity played only a minor role in this respect .
the findings that the majority of samples of b . trapezoidea were collected in rivers and in biotopes with stony substrata is in accordance with the results of a project currently in progress to assess the ecological health of the marico river ( north west province ) and the crocodile river ( north west and limpopo provinces ) , which is being conducted by the authors and postgraduate students of the potchefstroom campus of the north - west university ( kemp et al . , 2016 ) . during these surveys , many specimens of this species were found on stones in in - current and out - of - current biotopes . however , specimens were also found in aquatic and marginal vegetation biotopes , which also substantiate the results depicted in fig . 2 .
we are indebted to the unit for environmental science and management of the potchefstroom campus of the north - west university for infrastructure and financial support , ms m kemp for the detailed distribution map and mr shawn liebenberg of the statistical consultation service of the potchefstroom campus of the north - west university for his assistance in processing the data .
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investigador adjunto s / d cic , división zoología invertebrados , facultad de ciencias naturales y museo la plata , paseo del bosque s / n . , la plata ( 1900 ) , buenos aires
o presente trabalho analisa a dinâmica populacional de uncancylus concentricus em condições naturais da zona costeira noroeste da reserva natural de usos múltiplos ilha martín garcía ( praia de basural ) , buenos aires , argentina . a ilha martín garcía está localizada no rio da prata superior , ao sul da desembocadura do rio uruguai ( 34° 11 ' 25
s e 58° 15 ' 38
w ) . amostras mensais foram analisadas entre os meses de agosto de 2005 e dezembro de 2006 . foi determinado que a população de u . concentricus ao longo do período de amostragem tem uma frequência de comprimento que varia de 1 , 2 a 8 , 3 mm . as mudanças nas frequências de tamanho ao longo dos meses pesquisados indicam um padrão de distribuição variável , devido ao aumento e à diminuição do fluxo de água ; entretanto , observou - se um pico na frequência de indivíduos na faixa de tamanho de 3 , 5 a 4 , 5 mm na população . conclui - se que essa espécie vive há pelo menos um ano em condições naturais e os juvenis são muito abundantes na primavera e no verão .
palavras - chave : uncancylus concentricus , estrutura populacional , ilha martín garcía , argentina .
uncancylus concentricus ( d ' orbigny , 1835 ) belongs to the ancylidae family and is distributed throughout the neotropical region from costa rica to lago buenos aires , patagonia , argentina . ( dos santos , 2003 ) . u . concentricus has likewise been registered in ecuador and peru ( lanzer , 1996 ) , venezuela ( hubendick , 1967 ) , and brazil ( haas , 1949a , 1949b , 1952 ; irmler , 1975 ) . this species was first noted and characterized in antioquía ( colombia ) by gomez et al . ( 2004 ) .
ecological studies on gastropods of medicinal and veterinary relevance have gained great significance because of the role that certain species within the community can play as either competitors or predators regulating the populations of disease - transmitting organisms ( ferrer junior et al . 1989 ) .
despite the importance of these freshwater gastropods in terms of ecology and medicine , the ancylidae family has been poorly studied over the last decades , while the few investigations conducted along those lines have thus far been complicated by persistent systematic uncertainties ( jørgensen et al . , 2004 ; mcmahon , 2004 ) .
the freshwater gastropods from martín garcía island include species from the families ampullariidae , hydrobiidae , physidae , chilinidae , planorbidae , and ancylidae . the last of these is represented by the genera uncancylus pilsbry , 1913 and hebetancylus pilsbry , 1913 .
the aim of this work was to analyze the population structure of u . concentricus in natural conditions in the northeastern coastal area ( basural beach ) of the multiple use natural reserve martín garcía island , in the upper río de la plata estuary , argentina . various thorough investigations on the biodiversity of the fauna and flora of this island have already been conducted at the reserve ( lahitte and hurrell , 1988 , 1994 ; rumi et al . , 1996 ; armendariz et al . , 2000 ; armendariz and césar , 2001 ; césar et al . , 2009 ; martin et al . , 2009 ) and this constitutes a ready source of background information .
martín garcía island is located in the upper rio de la plata estuary south of the mouth of the uruguay river ( 34° 11 ' 25
s and 58° 15 ' 38
w ) ( figure 1 ) . it constitutes an outcrop of the brazilian massif of precambrian crystalline basement rocks , upon which there are sediments of the holocene and pleistocene ( quaternary ) ( ravizza , 1984 ) . the climate of the island is temperate and humid with a mean annual temperature of 17 . 6 °c and an annual precipitation of 980 mm .
the site sampled in the present study is the basural beach located on the northeastern coast of the island . the area contains abundant communities of coastal plants commonly known as rushes . the area is delimited by the coastal strip of the marginal forest inland and by rushes toward the coast . these latter grasslands include species of echinodorus grandiflorus , eryngium pandanifolium , schoenoplectus californicus , and the cortaderal cortadera selloana ( lahitte and hurrell , 1996 ; lahitte et al . , 1997 ) .
monthly collections of u . concentricus were conducted from august 2005 to december 2006 . specimens ( n = 620 ) were collected by hand in the coastal area ( captures per unit effort : cpue , that is , specimens / 60 minutes / person ) . the environmental physico - chemical parameters such as water and air temperature , dissolved oxygen ( mg . l - 1 ) , dissolved solids ( tds ) and ph were measured . all variables were measured using a digital water quality meter ( sper scientific ltd ) . the correlation coefficient between environmental variables and the modal lengths to estimate the degree of association were calculated ( table 1 )
in the field , using brushes , the specimens were separated and extracted from the angle formed by the stem and leaves of the aquatic vegetation and from the decomposed leaves . the snails thus collected were kept alive for transportation to the laboratory in plastic containers with water from the site . there , we followed the techniques of fixation and dissection suggested by thiengo ( 1995 ) .
the total length of the specimens was selected as the parameter to determine the size frequency of the population studied . we measured the specimen ' s body length under a stereoscopic microscope equipped with a micrometer in the ocular ( dos santos , 2003 ) . the size frequencies obtained were used to graph the seasonal population structure .
size distribution : the size frequency of the u . concentricus population ranged from 1 . 2 to 8 . 3 mm throughout the sampling period .
the juveniles ( 1 to 2 mm ) appeared in the spring and summer , but thereafter became incorporated in the population throughout the year . individuals whose sizes ranged from 3 . 5 to 4 . 5 mm ( mature adults ) were recorded from september to november along with senile specimens ( 4 , 5 to 8 , 2 mm ) during the same period .
it can be inferred that this species lives for at least a year in the wild since the juveniles are highly abundant in spring and summer . the changes in the size frequencies throughout the months surveyed indicate a variable distribution pattern because of the increase and decrease in water flow , but we observed a peak in the frequency of individuals within the size range 3 . 5 to 4 . 5 mm in the population . the water temperature during this period ranges from 17 . 8 to 32 . 0 °c . new recruitments were not observed during autumn and winter ; this population only consists of adults , but contains a low frequency of seniles ( figure 2 ) .
environmental variables : the analysis of environmental variables in basural beach throughout the sampling period from august 2005 to december 2006 indicated high average ph values , most likely related to the low water levels ( low tides ) . in general , however , the dissolved oxygen and conductivity of the water remained at moderate mean values . the correlation coefficients of water temperature , dissolved oxygen , ph and dissolved solids with the modal lengths of u . concentricus population were calculated . figure 3 shows the changes in water temperature , dissolved oxygen and ph between august 2005 to december 2005 .
a comparison of the size frequency of u . concentricus within basural beach with that of populations from other ancylidae genera elsewhere such as ancylus fluviatilis müller , 1774 from europe , as reported by geldiay ( 1956 ) , durrant ( 1980 ) , and mcmahon ( 2004 ) revealed that despite the differences in the latitudes of their habitats , the size frequencies of these species are determined by the ambient water temperature , and their growth rate is the same as one generation per year . hunter ( 1953 , 1961 ) , and mcmahon ( 1976 ) described these types of life cycles in detail .
uncancylus concentricus likewise showed a similarity to ferrisia wautieri ( mirolli , 1960 ) , another european species ( the netherlands ) , in that the occurrence of juveniles within the size frequency throughout the year mainly depended on the water temperature as well ( hadderingh et al . , 1987 ; van der velde , 1991 ) ( correlation coefficient r = 0 , 63 ) . according to durrant ( 1980 ) these results would indicate that , with population - growth kinetics such as these , a long period of study is required to observe a reproducible pattern .
with regards to the influence of the measured environmental variables , we can infer that the constant values total levels of dissolved solids ( correlation coefficient r = 0 , 43 ) , dissolved - oxygen concentrations ( correlation coefficient r = 0 , 18 ) , and ph ( correlation coefficient r = 0 , 55 ) occurring within the eastern coastal area ( basural beach ) affect the size frequencies of u . concentricus throughout the year .
finally , it can be inferred that the longevity of this species does not exceed the year in natural conditions and is very abundant in spring and summer , mostly showing the presence of numerous juveniles .
acknowledgements - financial support for this work was provided by an institutional grant from the comisión de investigaciones científicas de la provincia de buenos aires ( cic ) ( resolution nº 578 / 08 ) and facultad de ciencias naturales y museo , universidad nacional de la plata ( proyect 11 / n470 ) . the authors wish to thank mr . josé david maciel of martín garcía island for his cooperation and assistance and are grateful to dr . donald f . haggerty , a retired career investigator and native english speaker , for editing the final version of the manuscript .
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césar , ii . , martín , sm . , gullo , bs . and liberto , r . , 2009 . biodiversity and ecology of hirudinea ( annelida ) from the natural reserve of isla martín garcía , río de la plata , argentina . brazilian journal of biology , vol . 69 , n 4 , p . 1107 - 1113 . [ links ]
dos santos , sb . , 2003 . estado atual do conhecimento dos ancilídeos na américa do sul ( mollusca : gastropoda : pulmonata : basommatophora ) . revista de biología tropical , vol . 51 , suppl . 3 , p . 191 - 224 . [ links ]
durrant , pm . , 1980 . the growth of a population of ancylus fluviatilis müller , from the r . lea , hertford . journal molluscan studies , vol . 46 , p . 257 - 264 . [ links ]
ferrer junior , l . , perera , g . , yong , m . and amador , o . , 1989 . estudio de densidad de hospederos intermediarios de enfermedades tropicales en berreras . revista cubana medicina tropical , vol . 41 , n . 3 , p . 341 - 354 . [ links ]
gadgil , ri . and shah , sn . , 1955 . human schistosorniasis in india . part 11 . infection of snails with s . haematobium . indian journal of medicine research , vol . 43 , p . 695 - 701 . [ links ]
gomez , mi . , barbosa dos santos , s . and roldan , g . , 2004 . ancylidae from the department of antioquía , colombia , with new records ( pulmonata , basommatophora ) . caldasia , vol . 26 , no . 2 , p . 439 - 443 . [ links ]
haas , f . , 1949a . land und süsswssermollusken aus dem amazonas - gebiete . archive für molluskenkunde , vol . 78 , n . 4 - 6 , p . 149 - 156 . [ links ]
- , 1949b . on fresh water mollusks from the amazonian region . anales instituto biología mexicana , vol . 20 , p . 301 - 314 . [ links ]
- , 1952 . south american non - marine shells : further remarks and description . fieldiana zoology , vol . 34 , n . 9 , p . 107 - 132 . [ links ]
hadderingh , rh . , van der velde , g . and schnabel , pg . , 1987 . the effect of heated effluent on the occurrence and reproduction of the freshwater limpets
hubendick , b . , 1967 . studies on ancylidae . the australian , pacific and neotropical formgroups . göteborgs kungl . vetenskaps - och vitterhets - samhälles handlingar ( zoology ) , vol . 1 , p . 1 - 52 . [ links ]
hunter , rw . , 1953 . on the growth of the freshwater limpet ancylus fluviatilis müller . proceedings of the zoological society london , vol . 123 , p . 623 - 636 . [ links ]
- , 1961 . annual variations in growth and density in natural populations of freshwater snails in the west of scotland . proceedings of the zoological society london , vol . 136 , p . 219 - 253 . [ links ]
irmler , u . , 1975 . ecological studies of aquatic soil invertebrates in three inundation forests of central - amazonia . amazoniana , vol . 5 , p . 337 - 409 . [ links ]
jørgensen , a . , kristensen , tk . and stothard , jr . , 2004 . an investigation of the
ancyloplanorbidae
( gastropoda , pulmonata , hygrophila ) : preliminary evidence from dna sequence data .
lahitte , hb . and hurrel , j . , 1988 . catálogo de las aves de la isla martín garcía ( bs . as . , argentina ) . buenos aires . 69 p . serie informes cic , no . 53 . [ links ]
- , 1994 . flora arbórea y arborescente de la isla martín garcía . buenos aires . 230 p . serie informes cic , no . 47 . [ links ]
- , 1996 . plantas hidrófilas de la isla martín garcía ( buenos aires , república argentina ) . buenos aires . p . 1 - 236 . serie informes cic , no . 52 . [ links ]
lahitte , hb . , hurrel , j . , belgrano , mj . , jankowski , ls . , mehltreter , k . , haloua , mp . and canda , g . , 1997 . plantas de la costa . buenos aires : edición l . o . l . a . 200 p . [ links ]
lanzer , r . , 1991 . duas novas espécies de ancylidae ( gastropoda : basommatophora ) para o sul do brasil . revista brasileira de biologia , vol . 51 , no . 4 , p . 703 - 719 . [ links ]
- , 1996 . ancylidae ( gastropoda , basommatophora ) na américa do sul : sistemática e distribução . revista urltoken zoología , vol . 13 , no . 1 , p . 175 - 210 . [ links ]
mcmahon , rf . , 1976 . growth , reproduction and life cycle in six texan populations of two species of freshwater limpets . the american midland naturalist , vol . 95 , p . 174 - 185 . [ links ]
- , 2004 . a 15 - year study of interannual shell - shape variation in a population of freshwater limpets ( pulmonata : basommatophora : ancylidae ) . american malacologica ! bulletin , vol . 19 , p . 101 - 109 . [ links ]
martin , sm . , cesar , ii . and liberto , r . , 2009 . distribution of deroceras reticulatum ( müller , 1774 ) ( pulmonata stylommatophora ) in argentina with first record of the reserva de usos múltiples isla martin garcia , río de la plata superior . brazilian journal of biology , vol . 69 , n . 4 , p . 1115 - 1119 . [ links ]
morgan , jat . , dejong , rj . , jung , y . , khallaayoune , k . , kock , s . , mkoji , gm . and loker , es . , 2002 . a phylogeny of planorbid snails , with implications for the evolution of schistosoma parasites .
ravizza , gb . , 1984 . principales aspectos geológicos del cuaternario en la isla martín garcía , río de la plata superior . revista de la asociación geológica argentina , vol . 39 , p . 125 - 130 . [ links ]
rumi , a . , martín , sm . , tassara , mp . and darrigran , ga . , 1996 . moluscos de agua dulce de la reserva natural e histórica isla martín garcía , río de la plata , argentina . comunicaciones de la sociedad malacológica del uruguay , vol . 8 , no . 70 - 71 , p . 7 - 12 . [ links ]
thiengo , sc . , 1995 . técnicas malacológicas en tópicos . in barbosa , fs . ( ed . ) . tópicos em malacologia médica . rio de janeiro : editora fiocruz . p . 255 - 265 . [ links ]
thiengo , sc . , mattos , ac . , boaventura , mf . , loureiro , ms . , santos , sb . and fernandez , ma . , 2004 . freshwater snails and schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of rio dejaneiro , brazil : v norte fluminense mesoregion .
thiengo , sc . , santos , sb . , vicente , jj . and pinto , rm . , 2000 . occurrence of
( guilding , 1828 ) ( mollusca , gastropoda , ancylidae ) in brazil .
van del velde , g . , 1991 . population dynamics and population structure of ferrisia wauteri ( mirolli , 1960 ) ( gastropoda , ancylidae ) in a pond near nijmegen ( the netherlands ) . bulletin hydrobiología , vol . 24 , no . 2 , p . 141 - 144 . [ links ]
walther , a . , 2008 . a systematic study of north american freshwater limpets ( gastropoda : hygrophila : ancylidae ) . university of michigan . p . 112 . dissertation doctoral ecology and evolutionary biology . [ links ]
r . bento carlos , 750 13560 - 660 são carlos sp - brasil tel . e fax : ( 55 16 ) 3362 - 5400 bjb @ urltoken


chilostoma crombezi is a species of medium-sized , air-breathing , land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family helicidae , the true snails .

the species is endemic in france , and is currently critically endangered .

chilostoma crombezi

chilostoma is a genus of medium - sized , air - breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family helicidae , the true snails .
subgenus corneola . forms of alps ( crombezi ) and pyrenees ( acrotricha ) have the same shape and microsculpture . references : westerlund 1889 : 140 , germain 1930 : 217 ( ch . desmoulinsi var . crombezi ) , falkner et al . 2001 : 63 , falkner et al . 2002 : 162 , vial & bertrand 2002 , urltoken ( 2010 ) , welter - schultes 2012 : 581 ( synonym of ch . acrotricha ) .
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justification : this species is only known from two to three subpopulations with an extent of occurrence of 25 km 2 . the population in the roya valley is known from a few dozen of adult specimens from a single and very restricted location . the population from vésubie ( gordolasque ) seems to be more widespread although only dead shells have been found recently . the species is considered to be severely fragmented , as the two valleys where it occurs are distant from each other , with no suitable habitat between them . it is suspected that habitat quality is decreasing for these three locations , and the roya population , situated just near the road , might become extinct if road enlargement is carried out . one subpopulation ( col de fenestre ) has disappeared since the beginning of 20th century . it is thus listed as critically endangered ( cr ) b1ab ( iii ) .
this species is endemic to the mountainous areas of alpes - maritimes in france . it is only known from two ( to three ) locations situated in two distant valleys ( vésubie and roya ) .
there are no population data available . however , this is a very rare species , with only few dozens of living individuals found for each subpopulations .
this species lives in relatively forested habitats where it can find places to hide , i . e . crevices in rock boulders or even man - built but old and rocky walls . it occurs in non - limestone areas .
the main threats to this species are unknown . potential threats to this species are destruction of the habitat by quarrying , urbanisation , road construction or by other reasons . nowadays , this species is known only from the valleys , but the extinct subpopulation on the col de fenestre suggests that this species could have occur in alpine pastureland in the past and might have been impacted by overgrazing . increase in overgrazing might have fragmented and restricted the habitat available for the species .
there is no conservation action in place for this species . more research on population trends and on distribution range is needed . this species should be protected under the national law in order to prevent a human - caused extinction of the two known subpopulations .
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locard , a . 1882 . prodrome de la malacologie française . catalogue général des mollusques vivants de france . mollusques terrestres , des eaux douces et des eaux saumâtres . - pp . [ 1 - 4 ] , i - vi [ = 1 - 6 ] , 1 - 462 . lyon , paris . ( georg , baillière ) .
shell evenly yellowish red with weak dark bands near the aperture , finely striated , with short hairs arranged in regular rows , 5 - 5 . 5 whorls with edge at periphery , upper side nearly flat , lower side convex , last whorl suddenly and deeply descending near aperture , umbilicus narrow . like ch . desmoulinsii , with more rapidly increasing whorls , more oblique aperture and narrower umbilicus . looks somehow like a form of helicigona lapicida without keel .
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chelosania is a genus of agamid lizards that contains a single species , chelosania brunnea .

these are commonly known as the ring-tailed dragon or the australian chameleon dragon .

chelosania

lifestyle : semi - arboreal . type species : chelosania brunnea gray 1845 is the type species of the genus chelosania gray 1845 : 245 .
reproductive modes : oviparous - 1 out of 1 australian species size range : smallest australian species : chameleon dragon ( chelosania brunnea ) at 11 . 8 cm longest australian species : chameleon dragon ( chelosania brunnea ) at 11 . 8 cm
hutchinson , mark n . and rhonda g . hutchinson 2011 . karyotypes of moloch and chelosania ( squamata : acrodonta ) . journal of herpetology 45 ( 2 ) : 216 - 218 . - get paper here
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- ehmann , harald ( 1992 ) . encyclopedia of australian animals : reptiles . angus and robertson . 495 pp
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ehmann , harald ( 1992 ) . encyclopedia of australian animals : reptiles . angus and robertson . 495 pp - search web for this book
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boulenger , g . a . 1885 . catalogue of the lizards in the british museum ( nat . hist . ) i . geckonidae , eublepharidae , uroplatidae , pygopodidae , agamidae . london : 450 pp . - get paper here
cogger , h . g . 2014 . reptiles and amphibians of australia , 7th ed . csiro publishing , xxx + 1033 pp .
cogger , h . g . 2000 . reptiles and amphibians of australia , 6th ed . ralph curtis publishing , sanibel island , 808 pp .
gray , j . e . 1845 . catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the british museum . trustees of die british museum / edward newman , london : xxvii + 289 pp . - get paper here
macey , j . r . , j . a . schulte ii , a . larson , n . b . ananjeva , y . wang , r . pethiyagoda , n . rastegar - pouyani , t . j . papenfuss 2000 . evaluating trans - tethys migration : an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics . systematic biology 49 ( 2 ) : 233 - 256 - get paper here
manthey , u . & schuster , n . 1999 . agamen , 2 . aufl . natur und tier verlag ( münster ) , 120 pp . - get paper here
wilson , s . & swan , g . 2010 . a complete guide to reptiles of australia , 3rd ed . chatswood : new holland , 558 pp .
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 26bfa23f - 9699 - 46b0 - a71f - 2429361f03c1
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 409d5f86 - 9498 - 4b71 - b5f5 - 7fafe5be2be0
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 899872bd - 9dc6 - 4027 - bb37 - 8a20002098a7
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : da5cfb88 - fa9f - 43b8 - a2ff - edd6fb3fdeaa
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ecd607db - 7be9 - 459d - b444 - bb7f7b49f5d2
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 339801
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cogger , h . g . , in cogger , h . g . , cameron , e . e . & cogger , h . m . 1983 ,
amphibia and reptilia
, ed . walton , d . w . ( ed . ) , zoological catalogue of australia , vol . 1 , pp . 313 pp . , australian government publishing service , canberra
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 112ba364 - d3a4 - 42fc - a7fb - 2619883d0100
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : c647223b - 1a2a - 41ef - 94f5 - 724a98c7b43a
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : ca78c6bd - 6c41 - 4b95 - b413 - 835dc0700e6e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : cabf17ce - 42b1 - 4930 - 8c85 - 2b0f1347eca3
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 27b4173e - b203 - 4ff9 - bccc - 36b5d5e0e313
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 258933
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australian reptile photos , distribution maps and information this site covers snakes and lizards , crocodiles and turtles , including colubrid snakes , pythons , elapids ( called cobras or coral snakes in some countries ) , sea snakes , file snakes , blind ( or worm ) snakes , sea turtles , freshwater turtles ( or tortoises ) dragon lizards ( agamas ) , gecko ' s , legless lizards , monitor lizards ( often called goanna ' s in australia ) , skinks and crocodilia .
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