the ranellidae , common name the triton shells or tritons , are a taxonomic family of small to very large predatory sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the clade littorinimorpha .

ranellidae

taxonomy of the gastropods of the family ranellidae ( = cymatiidae ) and bursidae part 3 .
henning , thomas and hemmen , jens . 1993 . ranellidae and personidae of the world . hemmen : wiesbaden
ranellidae close to bursidae , and formerly called cymatiidae . many ranellidae are covered with an attractive periostracum and it is best to keep one specimen intact , another completely cleaned . there are about 220 species , subspecies and variants .
beu , a . g . 1987 . taxonomy of gastropods of the families ranellidae ( = cymatiidae ) and bursidae . part 1 . adoption of ranellidae , and review of linatella gray , 1857 . new zealand journal of zoology 13 : 241 - 266 .
beu , a . g . 1985 . a classification and catalogue of living world ranellidae ( = cymatiidae ) and bursidae . conchologists of america bulletin 13 ( 4 ) : 55 - 66 .
beu , a . g . and kay , e . a . 1988 . taxonomy of gastropods of the families ranellidae ( = cymatiidae ) and bursidae . part 4 . the cymatium pileare complex . journal of the royal society of new zealand 18 : 185 - 223
remark in family cymatiidae in drivas & jay ( 1988 ) and in macdonald ( 1971 ) ] . in family ranellidae , subfamily cymatiinae in vaught ( 1989 ) . placed in family cymatiidae in macnae , w . & kalk , m . ( 1958 ) . [ details ]
beu , a . g . 1998 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mem . mus . natn . hist . nat . 178 : 1 - 255 .
beu , a . g . 1988 . taxonomy of gastropods of the families ranellidae ( = cymatiidae ) and bursidae , part 5 . early history of the families , with four new genera and recognition of the family personidae . saito ho - on kai special publication : 69 - 96 .
beu , a . g . 1987 . taxonomy of gastropods of the families ranellidae ( = cymatiidae ) and bursidae . part 3 . a review of the trifid - ribbed species of cymatium ( turritriton ) . journal of the royal society of new zealand 17 ( 1 ) : 73 - 91 .
ty - jour ti - the ranellidae ( gastropoda : caenogastropoda ) in the sienese pliocene t2 - bollettino malacologico . vl - 29 ur - urltoken pb - unione malacologica italiana cy - milano : py - 1994 sp - 281 ep - 285 sn - 0394 - 7149 au - spadini , valeriano er -
beu , a . g . 1987 . taxonomy of gastropods of the families ranellidae ( = cymatiidae ) and bursidae . part 2 . descriptions of 14 new modern indo - west pacific species and sub - species , with revisions of related taxa . new zealand journal of zoology 13 : 273 - 355 .
beu a . g . ( 1998 ) . résultats des campagnes musorstom : 19 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 178 : 1 - 255 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of afrocanidea connolly , 1929 ) beu a . g . ( 1998 ) . résultats des campagnes musorstom : 19 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 178 : 1 - 255 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cabestanimorpha iredale , 1936 ) beu a . g . ( 1998 ) . résultats des campagnes musorstom : 19 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 178 : 1 - 255 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of gyrinella dall , 1924 ) beu a . g . ( 1998 ) . résultats des campagnes musorstom : 19 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 178 : 1 - 255 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of apollon montfort , 1810 ) beu a . g . ( 1998 ) . résultats des campagnes musorstom : 19 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 178 : 1 - 255 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of triton ( buccinatorium ) mörch , 1877 ) beu a . g . ( 1998 ) . résultats des campagnes musorstom : 19 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 178 : 1 - 255 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of triton ( semiranella ) de gregorio , 1880 † ) beu a . g . ( 1998 ) . résultats des campagnes musorstom : 19 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 178 : 1 - 255 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cymatium ( cymatriton ) clench & r . d . turner , 1957 ) beu a . g . ( 1998 ) . résultats des campagnes musorstom : 19 . indo - west pacific ranellidae , bursidae and personidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) , a monograph of the new caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa . mémoires du muséum national d ' histoire naturelle . 178 : 1 - 255 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
@ article { bhlpart184241 , title = { the ranellidae ( gastropoda : caenogastropoda ) in the sienese pliocene } , journal = { bollettino malacologico . } , volume = { 29 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder } , url = urltoken publisher = { milano : unione malacologica italiana1980 - } , author = { spadini , valeriano } , year = { 1994 } , pages = { 281 - - 285 } , }
» species cabestana ( turritriton ) labiosa ( w . wood , 1828 ) accepted as turritriton labiosus ( w . wood , 1828 )
species cabestana manawatuna c . a . fleming , 1943 † accepted as cabestana tabulata ( menke , 1843 )
species cabestana waterhousei ( a . adams & angas , 1864 ) accepted as cabestana tabulata ( menke , 1843 )
röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 130 [ details ]
( of cymatilesta iredale , 1936 ) iredale t . ( 1936 ) . australian molluscan notes , no . 2 . records of the australian museum . 19 ( 5 ) : 267 - 340 , pls 20 - 24 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 307 [ details ]
beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . page ( s ) : 118 - 119 [ details ]
dall , w . h . ( 1904 ) . an historical and systematic review of the frogshells and tritons . smithsonian miscellaneous collections . 47 : 114 - 144 . page ( s ) : 134 [ details ]
( of aquillus montfort , 1810 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of dolarium schlüter , 1838 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of neptunella gray , 1854 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
subgenus ranella ( colubrellina ) p . fischer , 1884 accepted as colubrellina p . fischer , 1884 accepted as bursa röding , 1798 ( original rank )
species ranella acuticostata w . h . turton , 1932 accepted as aspella acuticostata ( w . h . turton , 1932 ) ( original combination )
species ranella albofasciata g . b . sowerby ii , 1841 accepted as marsupina nana ( broderip & g . b . sowerby i , 1829 ) ( synonym )
species ranella bergeri tapparone canefri , 1881 accepted as bursa rhodostoma ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 ) ( synonym )
species ranella cruentata g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 accepted as bursa cruentata ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 ) ( original combination )
species ranella elegans g . b . sowerby ii , 1836 accepted as bufonaria elegans ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1836 ) ( synonym )
species ranella fijiensis r . b . watson , 1881 accepted as bursina fijiensis ( r . b . watson , 1881 ) ( original combination )
species ranella jucunda a . adams , 1854 accepted as biplex pulchella ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) ( synonym )
species ranella nana broderip & g . b . sowerby i , 1829 accepted as marsupina nana ( broderip & g . b . sowerby i , 1829 ) ( original combination )
species ranella neglecta g . b . sowerby ii , 1836 accepted as bufonaria margaritula ( deshayes , 1832 ) ( synonym )
species ranella paulucciana tapparone canefri , 1876 accepted as bursa rhodostoma ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 ) ( synonym )
species ranella pulchella forbes , 1852 accepted as biplex pulchella ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) ( synonym )
species ranella pulchella g . b . sowerby i , 1825 accepted as biplex pulchella ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) ( original combination )
species ranella pulchra g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 accepted as marsupina nana ( broderip & g . b . sowerby i , 1829 ) ( synonym )
species ranella pulchra g . b . sowerby ii , 1836 accepted as biplex aculeata ( schepman , 1909 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of ranella pulchra g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 )
species ranella rhodostoma g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 accepted as bursa rhodostoma ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 ) ( original combination )
species ranella rugosa g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 accepted as bursa rugosa ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 ) ( original combination )
species ranella thomae d ' orbigny , 1842 accepted as bursa rhodostoma ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 ) ( synonym )
species ranella venustula reeve , 1844 accepted as bursa rhodostoma ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 ) ( synonym )
species ranella verrucosa g . b . sowerby i , 1825 accepted as bursa verrucosa ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 ) ( original combination )
species ranella vexillum g . b . sowerby ii , 1835 accepted as argobuccinum pustulosum ( lightfoot , 1786 ) ( synonym )
( of gyrina schumacher , 1817 ) schumacher c . f . ( 1817 ) . essai d ' un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés . schultz , copenghagen . iv + 288 pp . , 22 pls . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 253 [ details ]
( of gyrinopsis dall , 1925 † ) dall , w . h . 1925 illustrations of unfigured types of shells in the collection of the united states national museum . proceedings of the united states national museum , 66 ( 2554 ) : 1 - 41 , pls 1 - 36 . page ( s ) : 18 [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
rolán e . , 2005 . malacological fauna from the cape verde archipelago . part 1 , polyplacophora and gastropoda . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
vaught , k . c . ; tucker abbott , r . ; boss , k . j . ( 1989 ) . a classification of the living mollusca . american malacologists : melbourne . isbn 0 - 915826 - 22 - 4 . xii , 195 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of eugyrina dall , 1904 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of mayena iredale , 1917 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
charoniella powell & bartrum , 1929 ( invalid : published 30 nov . and junior homonym of charoniella thiele , 1929 [ before 21 oct . ] ; proxicharonia is a replacement name )
species sassia neozelanica ( p . marshall & r . murdoch , 1923 ) †
( of phanozesta iredale , 1936 ) iredale t . ( 1936 ) . australian molluscan notes , no . 2 . records of the australian museum . 19 ( 5 ) : 267 - 340 , pls 20 - 24 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 309 [ details ]
( of austrotriton cossmann , 1903 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of cymatona iredale , 1929 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of negyrina iredale , 1929 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of charoniella thiele , 1929 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of charoniella powell & bartrum , 1929 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of austrosassia finlay , 1931 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of proxicharonia powell , 1938 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of triton ( simpulum ) mörch , 1852 ) mörch o . a . l . ( 1852 ) . catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit d . alphonso d’aguirra & gadea , comes de yoldi 1 , cephalophora . l . klein , hafniae [ copenhagen ] , 170 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 108 [ details ]
( of cymatium ( septa ) perry , 1810 ) bernard , p . a . ( ed . ) ( 1984 ) . coquillages du gabon [ shells of gabon ] . pierre a . bernard : libreville , gabon . 140 , 75 plates pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of cymatium ( septa ) perry , 1810 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
( of simpulum mörch , 1852 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of cymatium ( lotoria ) emerson & old , 1963 ) emerson w . k . & old w . e . ( 1963 ) . a new subgenus and species of cymatium ( mollusca , gastropoda ) . american museum novitates . 2137 : 1 - 13 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cymatium ( lotoria ) emerson & old , 1963 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
» species cymatium ( cabestana ) durbanensis ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) represented as cymatium durbanensis ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) accepted as monoplex durbanensis ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
» species cymatium ( cabestana ) labiosum ( w . wood , 1828 ) accepted as turritriton labiosus ( w . wood , 1828 )
subgenus cymatium ( cymatriton ) clench & r . d . turner , 1957 accepted as monoplex perry , 1810
» species cymatium ( monoplex ) comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as monoplex comptus ( a . adams , 1855 )
» species cymatium ( ranularia ) armatum ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1897 ) accepted as lotoria armata ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1897 )
» species cymatium ( ranularia ) caribbaeum clench & r . d . turner , 1957 accepted as ranularia cynocephala ( lamarck , 1816 ) ( synonym )
» species cymatium ( ranularia ) fortespirale parth , 1993 accepted as ranularia pyrulum ( a . adams & reeve , 1850 ) ( synonym )
» species cymatium ( ranularia ) mohorterae a . h . verrill , 1952 accepted as ranularia gallinago ( reeve , 1844 ) ( synonym )
» species cymatium ( ranularia ) sarcostomum ( reeve , 1844 ) sensu clench & r . d . turner , 1957 accepted as ranularia cynocephala ( lamarck , 1816 ) ( misidentification )
» species cymatium ( simpulum ) problematicum dautzenberg & h . fischer , 1906 accepted as monoplex tranquebaricus ( lamarck , 1816 )
species cymatium armatum ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1897 ) accepted as lotoria armata ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1897 )
species cymatium comptum ( a . adams , 1855 ) accepted as monoplex comptus ( a . adams , 1855 )
species cymatium durbanensis ( e . a . smith , 1899 ) accepted as monoplex durbanensis ( e . a . smith , 1899 )
species cymatium jobbernsi l . c . king , 1933 † accepted as sassia jobbernsi ( l . c . king , 1933 ) † ( original combination )
species cymatium kleinei [ sic ] accepted as monoplex klenei ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1889 ) ( misspelling )
species cymatium klenei ( sowerby iii , 1889 ) accepted as monoplex klenei ( g . b . sowerby iii , 1889 )
species cymatium labiosum ( w . wood , 1828 ) accepted as turritriton labiosus ( w . wood , 1828 )
species cymatium moniliferum ( adams & reeve , 1850 ) accepted as ranularia monilifera ( a . adams & reeve , 1850 )
species cymatium pahiensis p . marshall & murdoch , 1921 † accepted as tatara pahiensis ( p . marshall & r . murdoch , 1921 ) †
species cymatium problematicum dautzenberg & h . fischer , 1906 accepted as monoplex tranquebaricus ( lamarck , 1816 )
species cymatium rehderi a . h . verrill , 1950 accepted as ranularia rehderi ( a . h . verrill , 1950 ) ( original combination )
species cymatium suteri p . marshall & murdoch , 1921 accepted as xymene pusillus ( suter , 1907 ) accepted as xymenella pusilla ( suter , 1907 ) ( synonym )
species cymatium testudinarium ( a . adams & reeve , 1850 ) accepted as ranularia testudinaria ( a . adams & reeve , 1850 )
species cymatium turtoni ( e . a . smith , 1890 ) accepted as monoplex parthenopeus ( salis marschlins , 1793 ) ( synonym )
species cymatium waterhousei ( a . adams & angas , 1864 ) accepted as cabestana tabulata ( menke , 1843 )
röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 129 [ details ]
( of lotorium montfort , 1810 ) montfort p . [ denys de ] . ( 1808 - 1810 ) . conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles . paris : schoell . vol . 1 : pp . lxxxvii + 409 [ 1808 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 676 + 16 [ 1810 ( before 28 may ) ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 2 : 582 [ details ]
( of tritocurrus lesson , 1842 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of luterium herrmannsen , 1846 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of nyctilochus gistel , 1848 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
» species argobuccinum ( fusitriton ) murrayi e . a . smith , 1891 accepted as fusitriton murrayi ( e . a . smith , 1891 ) accepted as fusitriton magellanicus ( röding , 1798 )
species argobuccinum murrayi e . a . smith , 1891 accepted as fusitriton murrayi ( e . a . smith , 1891 ) accepted as fusitriton magellanicus ( röding , 1798 )
( of gondwanula finlay , 1926 ) finlay h . j . ( 1926 ) . a further commentary on new zealand molluscan systematics . transactions and proceedings of the new zealand institute . 57 : 320 - 485 , pls 18 - 23 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 399 [ details ]
( of mediargo terry , 1968 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of triton ( gutturnium ) mörch , 1852 ) mörch o . a . l . ( 1852 ) . catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit d . alphonso d’aguirra & gadea , comes de yoldi 1 , cephalophora . l . klein , hafniae [ copenhagen ] , 170 pp . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 109 [ details ]
( of afrocanidea connolly , 1929 ) connolly , m . ( 1929 ) . notes on african non - marine mollusca , with descriptions of many new species . the annals and magazine of natural history , ( 10 ) 3 ( 14 ) : 165 - 178 , pl . 5 . london . [ 1 february ] . page ( s ) : 178 [ details ]
( of cymatium ( gutturnium ) mörch , 1852 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
( of particymatium iredale , 1936 ) iredale t . ( 1936 ) . australian molluscan notes , no . 2 . records of the australian museum . 19 ( 5 ) : 267 - 340 , pls 20 - 24 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 307 [ details ]
beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of tritoniscus dall , 1904 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of cymatium ( turritriton ) dall , 1904 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
( of cabestana ( turritriton ) dall , 1904 ) beu , a . g . ( 1978 ) . new records and species of cymatiidae from the kermadec islands , norfolk ridge and new zealand . journal of the malacological society of australia . 4 ( 1 - 2 ) : 29 - 42 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
schumacher c . f . ( 1817 ) . essai d ' un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés . schultz , copenghagen . iv + 288 pp . , 22 pls . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 253 [ details ]
beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
( of tritonocauda dall , 1904 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
( of retusum jousseaume , 1892 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
( of cymatium ( ranularia ) schumacher , 1817 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
species biplex pulchra ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1836 ) accepted as biplex aculeata ( schepman , 1909 )
perry g . ( 1810 - 1811 ) . arcana : or the museum of natural history . pls . 1 - 48 ( = 1810 ) , pls . 49 - 84 ( = 1811 ) , unnumbered text pages . london : james stratford . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : sgn . m7 [ details ]
taxonomy signature m7 ( no included species ) ; perry , 1811 : explanation to pl . 9 .
taxonomy signature m7 ( no included species ) ; perry , 1811 : explanation to pl . 9 . [ details ]
( of cabestanimorpha iredale , 1936 ) iredale t . ( 1936 ) . australian molluscan notes , no . 2 . records of the australian museum . 19 ( 5 ) : 267 - 340 , pls 20 - 24 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 307 [ details ]
( of cymatium ( cymatriton ) clench & r . d . turner , 1957 ) clench w . j . & turner r . d . ( 1957 ) . the family cymatiidae in the western atlantic . johnsonia . 3 ( 36 ) : 189 - 244 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 210 [ details ]
( of dissentoma pilsbry , 1945 ) pilsbry h . a . ( 1945 ) . new floridian marine mollusks . the nautilus . 59 ( 2 ) : 59 - 60 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 59 [ details ]
( of lampusia schumacher , 1817 ) schumacher c . f . ( 1817 ) . essai d ' un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés . schultz , copenghagen . iv + 288 pp . , 22 pls . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 76 , 250 [ details ]
( of cymatium ( monoplex ) perry , 1810 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
( of tritonium ( lampusia ) schumacher , 1817 ) dall w . h . 1889 . reports on the results of dredging , under the supervision of alexander agassiz , in the gulf of mexico ( 1877 - 78 ) and in the caribbean sea ( 1879 - 80 ) , by the u . s . coast survey steamer
blake
, lieut . - commander c . d . sigsbee , u . s . n . , and commander j . r . bartlett , u . s . n . , commanding . xxix . report on the mollusca . part 2 , gastropoda and scaphopoda . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoölogy at harvard college , 18 : 1 - 492 , pls . 10 - 40 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
link d . h . f . ( 1807 - 1808 ) . beschreibung der naturalien - sammlung der universität zu rostock . rostock : adlers erben . 1 abt . [ part 1 ] , pp . 1 - 50 ; 2 abt . [ part 2 ] , pp . 51 - 100 ; 3 abt . [ part 3 ] , pp . 101 - 165 ; abt . 4 [ part 4 ] , pp . 1 - 30 ; abt . 5 [ part 5 ] , pp . 1 - 38 [ 1808 ] ; abt . 6 [ part 6 ] , pp . 1 - 38 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 123 [ details ]
( of apollon montfort , 1810 ) montfort p . [ denys de ] . ( 1808 - 1810 ) . conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles . paris : schoell . vol . 1 : pp . lxxxvii + 409 [ 1808 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 676 + 16 [ 1810 ( before 28 may ) ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 570 [ details ]
( of vernotriton iredale , 1936 ) iredale t . ( 1936 ) . australian molluscan notes , no . 2 . records of the australian museum . 19 ( 5 ) : 267 - 340 , pls 20 - 24 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 308 [ details ]
species fusitriton algoensis tomlin , 1947 accepted as fusitriton murrayi ( e . a . smith , 1891 ) accepted as fusitriton magellanicus ( röding , 1798 ) ( synonym )
species fusitriton murrayi ( e . a . smith , 1891 ) accepted as fusitriton magellanicus ( röding , 1798 )
( of cryotritonium martens , 1904 ) beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . [ details ]
tritonium röding , 1798 ( invalid : junior homonym of tritonium o . f . müller , 1776 )
species charonia clifdenensis finlay , 1924 † accepted as sassia neozelanica ( p . marshall & r . murdoch , 1923 ) †
( of triton montfort , 1810 ) montfort p . [ denys de ] . ( 1808 - 1810 ) . conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles . paris : schoell . vol . 1 : pp . lxxxvii + 409 [ 1808 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 676 + 16 [ 1810 ( before 28 may ) ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 2 : 586 [ details ]
( of tritonium röding , 1798 ) röding p . f . ( 1798 ) . museum boltenianum sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat joa . fried . bolten m . d . p . d . pars secunda continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia , bivalvia et multivalvia . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 125 [ details ]
( of triton ( buccinatorium ) mörch , 1877 ) mörch o . a . l . ( 1877 ) . synopsis molluscorum marinorum indiarum occidentalium imprimis insularum danicarum ( contin . ) . malakozoologische blätter , 24 : 14 - 66 , 93 - 123 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 26 [ details ]
beu a . g . 2010 [ august ] . neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and south america : contributions to the dominican republic and panama paleontology projects and uplift of the central american isthmus . bulletins of american paleontology 377 - 378 : 550 pp , 79 pls . page ( s ) : 120 - 133 [ details ]
( of eutritonium cossmann , 1904 ) nomenclator zoologicus online . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of eutritonium cossmann , 1904 ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1923 ) . liste préliminaire des mollusques marins de madagascar et description de deux espèces nouvelles . j . conchyliol . 68 : 21 - 74 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of eutritonium cossmann , 1904 ) beu , a . ( 2010 ) . catalogue of tonnoidea . pers . comm . [ details ]
( of eutriton ) dautzenberg , ph . ; fischer , h . ( 1906 ) . mollusques provenant des dragages effectués à l ' ouest de l ' afrique pendant les campagnes scientifiques de s . a . s . le prince de monaco . résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par albert ier prince souverain de monaco , xxxii . imprimerie de monaco : monaco . 125 p . , 5 plates . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : legend to plate 3 [ details ]
tritoniidae h . adams & a . adams , 1853 ( invalid : type genus a junior homonym of tritonium o . f . müller , 1776 . also homonym of tritoniidae lamarck , 1809 based on tritonia cuvier , 1797 )
» genus charoniella powell & bartrum , 1929 accepted as sassia bellardi , 1873 ( invalid : published 30 nov . and junior homonym of charoniella thiele , 1929 [ before 21 oct . ] ; proxicharonia is a replacement name )
» genus tritonium röding , 1798 accepted as charonia gistel , 1847 ( invalid : junior homonym of tritonium o . f . müller , 1776 )
» genus liohindsia coen , 1947 accepted as priene h . adams & a . adams , 1858 ( synonym )
bouchet p . & rocroi j . - p . ( 2005 ) . classification and nomenclator of gastropod families . malacologia . 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 397 isbn 3 - 925919 - 72 - 4 . [ details ]
( of cymatiidae iredale , 1913 ( 1854 ) ) bouchet p . & rocroi j . - p . ( 2005 ) . classification and nomenclator of gastropod families . malacologia . 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 397 isbn 3 - 925919 - 72 - 4 . [ details ]
to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) to biological information system for marine life ( bismal ) ( from synonym tritoniidae h . adams & a . adams , 1853 ) to genbank to image gallery of natural history museum rotterdam to itis
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ranella lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816 type species : ranella gigantea lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816
argobuccinum ( argobuccinum ) herrmannsen , a . n . , 1846 type species : murex argus gmelin , j . f . , 1791
argobuccinum ( priene ) adams , h . g . & a . adams , 1858 type species : argobuccinum ( priene ) scabrum king , p . p . , 1832
fusitriton cossmann , a . e . m . , 1903 type species : fusitriton cancellatus lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1816
gyrineum link , h . f . , 1807 type species : gyrineum gyrinum gyrinum linnaeus , c . , 1758
biplex perry , g . , 1810 type species : biplex perca perry , g . , 1811
halgyrineum beu , a . g . , 1998 type species : halgyrineum louisae lewis , h . , 1974
obscuranella kantor , yu . i . & m . g . harasewych , 2000 type species : obscuranella papyrodes kantor , yu . i . & m . g . harasewych , 2000
cymatium röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : cymatium ( cymatium ) femorale linnaeus , c . , 1758
cymatium ( cymatium ) röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : cymatium ( cymatium ) femorale linnaeus , c . , 1758
gutturnium mörch , o . a . l . , 1852 type species : triton tuberosum lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
lotoria emerson , w . k . & w . e . jr . old , 1963 type species : lotoria perryi emerson , w . k . & w . e . jr . old , 1963
monoplex perry , g . , 1810 type species : cymatium australasiae perry , g . , 1811
ranularia schumacher , h . c . f . , 1817 type species : murex clavator dillwyn , l . w . , 1817
reticutriton habe , t . & s . kosuge , 1966 type species : reticutriton pfeifferianum reeve , l . a . , 1844
septa perry , g . , 1810 type species : cymatium scarlatina perry , g . , 1811
turritriton dall , w . h . , 1904 type species : turritriton gibbosus broderip , w . j . , 1833
gelagna schaufuss , l . w . , 1869 type species : gelagna succincta linnaeus , c . , 1771
linatella gray , j . e . , 1857 type species : cassidaria cingulata lamarck , j . b . p . a . de , 1822
cabestana röding , p . f . , 1798 type species : cabestana cutacea linnaeus , c . , 1767
sassia ( sassia ) bellardi , l . , 1873 type species : sassia ( sassia ) apenninica apenninica sasso , a . , 1827
sassia ( austrotriton ) cossmann , a . e . m . , 1903 type species : sassia ( austrotriton ) radialis tate , r .
sassia ( cymatiella ) iredale , t . , 1924 type species : epidirona quoyi desmoulins , c . , 1842
charonia gistel , j . von , 1847 type species : charonia tritonis linnaeus , c . , 1758
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
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click on an image to view all the information : family , species , author , date , and full locality .
© 1996 - 2018 guido t . poppe & philippe poppe - conchology , inc . ( 0 . 336 seconds . )
shells are variable in size and solidly constructed . they are often fancifully ornamented . the name , triton refers to the widely flared lip and columellar fold , giving the shell a prominent flared opening . in fact , triton shells are sometimes still used as musical trumpets . many have blunt teeth or convex folds on the inside lip that extends to the wavy stout edge . some tritons are closely similar to
, but a distinctive difference is that no more than two varices are found on a whorl and those on adjacent whorls rarely connect .
genera then tear off bits of flesh with their radula . a few others ,
because the free - swimming larval period is long in certain species , they are widely distributed in warm seas and the tropics .
m . j . de kluijver , s . s . ingalsuo & r . h . de bruyne
poppe , g . t . & y . goto , 1991 . european seashells . vol . i . 352 pp . wiesbaden / verlag christa hemmen .
sorry , there are no images or audio / video clips available for this taxon .
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cabestana cutacea ( linnaeus , 1767 ) azores and canaries to w . mediterranean , sénégal nw . italy 57mm – corsica 47mm
cabestana dolaria ( linnaeus , 1767 ) nw . mediterranean to s . africa g _ rane _ 029 ne . morocco 40mm – south africa 35mm
cabestana dolaria ( linnaeus , 1767 ) nw . mediterranean to s . africa morocco 35mm – south africa 27mm
cabestana tabulata ( menke , 1843 ) f . waterhousi australia to new zealand australia 38 . 5mm
charonia lampas ( linnaeus , 1758 ) channel to nw . africa , azores to mediterranean sw . ireland 205mm
charonia lampas ( linnaeus , 1758 ) channel to nw . africa , azores to mediterranean w . france 170mm
charonia lampas ( linnaeus , 1758 ) channel to nw . africa , azores to mediterranean nw . morocco 250mm
charonia lampas ( linnaeus , 1758 ) channel to nw . africa , azores to mediterranean corsica 285mm
charonia lampas ( linnaeus , 1758 ) channel to nw . africa , azores to mediterranean sénégal 195mm
charonia lampas ( linnaeus , 1758 ) f . nodifera channel to nw . africa , azores to mediterranean sénégal 170mm
charonia lampas sauliae ( reeve , 1844 ) s . japan , e . china sea , taiwan taiwan 125mm
charonia lampas sauliae ( reeve , 1844 ) s . japan , e . china sea , taiwan zhejiang 195mm
charonia lampas rubicunda ( perry , 1811 ) s . australia , new zealand g _ rane _ 019 australia 83 - 124mm
charonia lampas rubicunda ( perry , 1811 ) f . capax new zealand new zealand 174mm
charonia lampas rubicunda ( perry , 1811 ) s . australia , new zealand new zealand 106mm
charonia variegata ( lamarck , 1816 ) mediterranean to st helena , se . usa to brasil haïti 290mm
charonia variegata ( lamarck , 1816 ) f . seguenzae mediterranean , cape verde archipelago . . . crete 230 - 257mm
gelagna succinta ( linnaeus , 1771 ) indo - w . pacific , galapagos ; gabon , brasil philippines 72mm
gutturnium muricinum ( röding , 1798 ) e . africa to w . pacific , florida to canaries , w . indies mauritius 42mm
gutturnium muricinum ( röding , 1798 ) e . africa to w . pacific , florida to canaries , w . indies florida 38mm
gutturnium muricinum ( röding , 1798 ) e . africa to w . pacific , florida to canaries , w . indies marshall 38mm
linatella wiegmanni ( anton , 1838 ) w . mexico to peru w . mexico 85 - 90mm
linatella wiegmanni ( anton , 1838 ) w . mexico to peru w . panama 90mm
linatella caudata ( gmelin , 1791 ) n . carolina to brasil , canarias to cabo verde , e . indo - w . pac ? venezuela 45mm
lotoria lotoria ( linnaeus , 1758 ) tropical indo - w . pacific philippines 130mm
lotoria lotoria ( linnaeus , 1758 ) tropical indo - w . pacific mauritius 138mm
lotoria grandimaculata ( reeve , 1844 ) tropical indo - w . pacific japan 82mm
monoplex lignarius ( broderip , 1833 ) w . mexico to peru , galapagos w . panama 22 - 26mm
monoplex vestitus ( hinds , 1844 ) california to peru g _ rane _ 030 w . panama 64mm
monoplex macrodon ( valenciennes , 1832 ) w . mexico to w . panama w . panama 53mm
monoplex corrugatus ( lamarck , 1816 ) n . spain to angola , mediterranean s . spain 68 - 70mm
monoplex vespaceus ( lamarck , 1822 ) florida to brasil , red sea to natal , to w . pacific g _ rane _ 041 philippines 30 - 44mm
monoplex pilearis ( linnaeus , 1758 ) red sea to polynesia , s . japan to australia philippines 98mm
monoplex pilearis ( linnaeus , 1758 ) red sea to polynesia , s . japan to australia philippines 67mm
monoplex pilearis ( linnaeus , 1758 ) red sea to polynesia , s . japan to australia florida 58mm
monoplex nicobaricus ( röding , 1798 ) indo - w . pacific , florida to brasil , canarias , madeira réunion 38 - 62mm
monoplex nicobaricus ( röding , 1798 ) indo - w . pacific , florida to brasil , canarias , madeira martinique 69mm
monoplex nicobaricus ( röding , 1798 ) indo - w . pacific , florida to brasil , canarias , madeira lesser antilles 30mm
monoplex nicobaricus ( röding , 1798 ) indo - w . pacific , florida to brasil , canarias , madeira marshall 39mm
monoplex amictus ( reeve , 1844 ) w . mexico to w . panama , galapagos w . panama 44mm
monoplex mundus ( gould , 1848 ) juv indian ocean to galapagos , to w . atlantic french polynesia 19 , 5mm
monoplex gemmatus ( reeve , 1844 ) e . africa to w . pacific rodrigues 20 , 75mm
ranularia exile ( reeve , 1844 ) red sea to w . pacific tanzania 60mm
ranularia sarcostoma ( reeve , 1844 ) e . indo - w . pacific philippines 62 . 5mm
ranularia cynocephalum ( lamarck , 1816 ) s . carolina to brasil , caribbean , indo - w . pacific puerto rico 48mm
ranularia cynocephalum ( lamarck , 1816 ) s . carolina to brasil , caribbean , indo - w . pacific brasil 73mm
ranularia pyrum ( linnaeus , 1758 ) red sea to w . pacific g _ rane _ 064 philippines 104mm
reticutriton pfeifferianum ( reeve , 1844 ) red sea to n . australia , florida to ne . brasil queensland 36 - 38mm
septa hepatica ( röding , 1798 ) e . africa to marquesas , japan to australia philippines 40mm
septa occidentalis ( mørch , 1877 ) f . beui florida to brasil , tropical indo - w . pacific , hawaii ( beui ) hawaii 31mm
septa flaveola ( röding , 1798 ) tropical w . pacific , indo - malaysia borneo 48mm
turritriton gibbosus ( broderip , 1833 ) w . mexico to peru , galapagos w . panama 25mm
turritriton gibbosus ( broderip , 1833 ) w . mexico to peru , galapagos w . panama 26mm
argobuccinum pustulosum tumidum ( dunker , 1862 ) tasmania , sw . australia to new zealand new zealand 81mm
fusitriton magellanicus murrayi ( e . a . smith , 1891 ) namibia , south africa namibia 102mm operc . inverted
fusitriton magellanicus murrayi ( e . a . smith , 1891 ) namibia , south africa namibia 118mm
fusitriton magellanicus retiolus ( hedley , 1914 ) se . australia , new zealand new zealand 110mm
gyrineum pusillum ( broderip , 1833 ) indo - w . pacific , hawaii hawaii 13 , 5mm
gyrineum roseum ( reeve , 1844 ) s . japan to australia , polynesia g _ rane _ 002 philippines 20mm
gyrineum gyrinum ( kuroda & habe , 1961 ) s . africa to new caledonia , s . japan to australia philippines 26mm
gyrineum gyrinum ( kuroda & habe , 1961 ) s . africa to new caledonia , s . japan to australia american samoa 30mm
ranella olearium ( linnaeus , 1758 ) bermuda to med . sea , br . isles to w . africa , australasia s . spain 142mm
ranella olearium ( linnaeus , 1758 ) bermuda to med . sea , br . isles to w . africa , australasia nw . france 116mm
ranella australasia ( perry , 1811 ) new zealand to s . australia australia 83mm
genus cymatium species within extant subgenera are reassigned to another extant subgenus . newly described species ( and resurrected species ) are placed within those subgenera . we are unable to appreciate the rationale for these measures and have retained the traditional system .
our readers may have differing opinions in regards to our taxonomic treatment of this family . it is believed that the updated material ( as presented ) is the proper way to treat this family at the present time .
the shells pictured are not shown to scale . the normal size range for each species ( if known ) appears at the bottom of the page containing the image .
turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , et al .
common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks , 2nd ed .
intertidally , tritons and trumpet shells live on coral reefs or rocky shores , where they feed on a wide variety of invertebrate animals . on nsw intertidal rocky shores they are among the most prominent of the large gastropods . cabestana spengleri is the most common , living at low tide among the cunjevoi ( sea squirts ) and under rocks , but numbers have decreased around sydney due to human predation .
the tritons and trumpets are carnivorous . cabestana spengleri and ranella australasia feed almost entirely on simple ascidians ( sea squirts ) ; septa parthenopium feeds on bivalves as well as ascidians ; charonia lampas feeds on a variety of echinoderms . these species locate their prey by chemoreception of current - born prey substances . charonia lampas is a nocturnal predator , while the other species mentioned feed at any time of the day . ( laxton , 1971 )
( roding , 1798 ) . indo - west pacific ; in nsw , known only from subfossil specimens dredged from sydney harbour .
iredale , 1936 ) . western atlantic and indo - west pacific , to angourie , nsw .
cymatiium cutaceum ( lamarck , 1816 ) ( synonym linotella neptunea garrard , 1963 ) . indo - west pacific , to brunswick heads , nsw .
( angas , 1869 ) . twofold bay , nsw , to gulf st . vincent , sa .
iredale , 1929 ) . green cape , nsw , to south - western wa .
most members of the family bear a thick periostracum when alive . although the periostracum itself is sometimes diagnostic , it must be removed to see the underlying shell surface . shells of this family vary widely in shape , size and coloration with depth , usually becoming larger , more elongate and paler in deeper water . denticulation of the outer lip is a useful feature in identification , but it is to be used with caution , as full denticulation is only developed in mature shells . juvenile specimens frequently show a deep gutter inside the outer lip which becomes infilled as a toothed varix in adults .
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i have time to process the first request . due to this issue , you are not guarenteed to
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only one of the nsw species is at all common . this is cancellaria undulata , which lives in the shallow subtidal in bays and estuaries , and washes up on beaches . a few other species occur uncommonly on beaches , but the rest occur on the continental slope and shelf . the small species from the continental shelf are uncommon to rare , some only being known from one or two specimens .
the nsw species were reviewed by laseron ( 1955 ) , who listed 11 species . the australian species were reviewed by garrard ( 1975 ) , who increased the number of nsw species to 19 by adding the continental shelf fauna . the present treatment records additional species in the nsw fauna and creates several synonyms , recognising 18 species .
beu , a . g . and maxwell , p . a . 1987 . a revision of the fossil and living gastropods related to plesiotriton fisher , 1884 ( family cancellariidae , subfamily plesiotritoninae n . subfam . ) . new zealand geological survey paleontological bulletin 54
garrard , t . a . 1975 . a revision of the australian cancellariidae ( gastropoda : mollusca ) . records of the australian museum 30 ( 1 ) : 1 - 62
laseron , c . f . 1955 . the new south wales cancellariidae . records of the australian museum 23 ( 5 ) : 267 - 272
petit , r . e . and harasewych , m . g . 1990 . catalogue of the superfamily cancellarioidea forbes and hanley , 1851 ( gastropoda : prosobranchia ) . nautilus supp . 1 : 1 - 69
verhecken , a . 1986 . the recent cancellariidae of indonesia ( neogastropoda : cancellariacea ) . gloria maris 25 ( 2 ) : 29 - 66
cancellaria australis sowerby , 1832 : the identity of this species is unclear . it is based on syntypes from
new south wales
, but in 1832 this included queensland , and sowerby was not scrupulous with locality data anyway . it is probably the same as the queensland species figured by garrard ( 1975 ) as cancellaria elegans ( r . petit , pers . com . ) .
scalptia amasia ( iredale , 1930 ) . three records from nsw ; wooli ( garrard , 1975 ) , sydney ( coleman , 2003 ) , long bay , sydney ( barnes collection )
scalptia bicolor ( hinds , 1843 ) . one record from long bay , sydney ( barnes collection )
cancellariinae : heavy shell , cancellate sculpture , three columella plaits , umbilicus closed .
ewers , w . h . and rose , c . r . , 1956 .
beu , a . g . and cernohorsky , w . o . , 1986 .
beu , a . g . and maxwell , p . a . , 1987 .
petit , r . e . and harasewych , m . g . , 1990 .
hughes , r . n . and hughes , h . p . i . , 1981 .
in proceedings second international workshop on the macrofauna of hong kong and southern china , pp . 623 - 626 hong kong university press
review of the genus colina h . and a . adams , 1854 ( cerithiidae : prosobranchia )
ponder , w . f . and yoo , e . k . , 1980 .
keegan , h . l . and macfarlane , w . f . ( ed ) poisonous animals and noxious plants of the pacific area , oxford , pergamon press
marsh , j . a . and rippingale , o . h . , 1968 .
, 2nd ed , brisbane , jacaranda press , 166 pp 22 col . pls
rockel , d . , korn , w . and kohn , a . , 1995 .
taylor , j . , kantor , y . , and sysoev , a . , 1993 .
, a . s . barnes and co . , south brunswick , n . j .
, memoirs institut royal des sciences naturelles de belgique 2nd ser . , 85 , 1 - 246
ponder , w . f . and de keyzer , r . , 1992 .
ponder , w . f . and yoo , e . k . , 1977 .
the anatomy and relationships of emblanda emblematica ( hedley ) ( mollusca : mesogastropoda : emblandidae n . fam )
weil , a . , brown , l . and neville , b . , 1999 .
poppe , g . , brulet , t . and gron , k . , 1999 .
hughes , r . n . and emerson , w . k . , 1987 .
ponder , w . f . and rosewater , j . r . , 1979 .
ponder , w . f . and creese , r . g . , 1980 .
, bull auckland institute and museum no . 8 , 190 pp ( includes the costellariidae as the subfamily vexillinae )
pechar , p . , prior , c . and parkinson , b . ( undated )
, institute of malacoloty of tokyo , special publication no . 1 , 83pp , 52 plates
a revision of the indo - west pacific fossil and recent species of murex s . s . and haustellum ( mollusca : gastropoda : muricidae )
records of the australian museum 14 ( 3 ) , 154 - 162 , pl . 22
, bulletin museum natn . histoire naturelle paris 4 ( 10 ) sect . a ( 2 ) , 277 - 300
the evolution of the ancillinae with special reference to new zealand tertiary and reent species of amalda h . and a . adams , 1853
taylor , j . d . , and glover , e . a . , 2000 .
ziegler , r . f . and porreca , h . c . , 1969 .
a review of the personidae gray , 1854 with the description of distorsio ventricosa spec . nov .
aspects of the anatomy of plesiotrochus ( plesiotrochidae fam . n . ) and its systematic position in cerithioidea ( prosobranchia , caenogastropoda )
the marine flora and fauna of albany , western australia , wa museum , perth vol . 1 , 237 - 249
ewers , w . h . and rose , c . r . , 1966 .
beu , a . g . and kay , e . a . , 1988 .
, journal of the royal society n . z . 18 , ( 2 ) , 185 - 223
siphonaria funiculata reeve ( siphonariidae , pulmonata ) a redescription making s . virgulata hedley and geographical variant of s . funiculata
redescriptions and relationships of siphonaria zelandica quoy & gaimard to s . australia quoy and gaimard with a description of s . propria sp . nov . ( mollusca : pulmonata : siphonariidae )
cotton , b . c . and godfrey , f . k . , 1934 .
gastropod molluscs trochidae of the far eastern and northern seas of the u . s . s . r .
hadfield , m . g . , kay , e . a . , gillette , m . u . and lloyd , m . c . , 1971 .
yonge , c . m . and iles , e . l . , 1939 .
weaver , c . s . and du pont , j . e . , 1970 .
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drupella cornus , common name : the horn drupe , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

drupella cornus

dana campbell added the english common name
horn drupe
to
drupella cornus ( röding , 1798 )
.
mcclanahan , t . r . 1997 dynamics of drupella cornus populations on kenyan coral reefs . 8th international coral reef symposium 1 : 633 - 638 .
mcclanahan , t . r . 1994 coral - eating snail drupella cornus population increases in kenyan coral reef lagoons . marine ecology progress series 115 : 131 - 137 .
armstrong , s . 2009 the status of the coral predator drupella cornus at ningaloo marine park . science division information sheet 11 , march 2009 . ( pdf , 176k )
the department of environment and conservation , australia , science division research project — monitoring the coral predator , drupella cornus , in ningaloo marine park ( pdf , 8 . 5m )
drupella hidden in branches of acropora . the white portion is coral skeleton where drupella have eaten the coral tissue adjacent to the remaining living coral . photo © the nature conservancy
shafir , s . , o . gur , and b . rinkevich . 2008 a drupella cornus outbreak in the northern gulf of eilat and changes in coral prey . coral reefs 27 ( 2 ) : 379 .
ayling , a . m . and a . l . ayling . 1992 preliminary information on the effects of drupella spp . grazing on the great barrier reef . in : drupella cornus : a symposium . ( ed . ) s . turner , western australia : department of conservation and land management , calm occasional paper no . 3 / 92 .
ty - jour ti - a possible link between coral diseases and a corallivorous snail ( drupella cornus ) outbreak in the red sea t2 - atoll research bulletin . vl - 447 ur - urltoken pb - [ smithsonian press cy - washington , d . c . : py - 1997 sp - 1 ep - 9 sn - 0077 - 5630 au - antonius , arnfried au - riegl , bernhard er -
cumming , r . l . 1999 predation on reef - building corals : multiscale variation in the density of three corallivorous gastropods , drupella spp . coral reefs 18 : 147 - 157 .
turner , s . j . 1994 the biology and population outbreaks of the corallivorous gastropod drupella on indo - pacific reefs . oceanography and marine biology : an annual review 32 : 461 - 530 .
lam , k . and p . k . s . shin . 2006 severe bioerosion caused by an outbreak of corallivorous drupella and diadema at hoi ha wan marine park , hong kong . coral reefs 26 : 893 .
morton , b . , g . blackmore , and c . t . kwok . 2002 corallivory and prey choice by drupella rugosa ( gastropoda : muricidae ) in hong kong . journal of molluscan studies 68 : 217 - 223 part 3 .
claremont m . , reid d . g . & williams s . t . ( 2011 ) evolution of corallivory in the gastropod genus drupella . coral reefs doi : 10 . 1007 / s00338 - 011 - 0788 - 5 , available online at urltoken [ details ]
@ article { bhlpart83142 , title = { a possible link between coral diseases and a corallivorous snail ( drupella cornus ) outbreak in the red sea } , journal = { atoll research bulletin . } , volume = { 447 } , copyright = { public domain . the bhl considers that this work is no longer under copyright protection . } , url = urltoken publisher = { washington , d . c . : [ smithsonian press } , author = { antonius , arnfried and riegl , bernhard } , year = { 1997 } , pages = { 1 - - 9 } , }
( of thais cornus ( röding , 1798 ) ) richmond , m . ( ed . ) ( 1997 ) . a guide to the seashores of eastern africa and the western indian ocean islands . sida / department for research cooperation , sarec : stockholm , sweden . isbn 91 - 630 - 4594 - x . 448 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
drupella are snails with shells up to 5 cm long that are covered in small spikes or bumps . the shells appear off - white to brown but can sometimes be pinkish to purple when overgrown with red coralline algae . they are commonly found living on corals in reefs throughout the indo - pacific . they are frequently found hiding in cryptic crevices during the daytime .
description a solid , white shell , up to 3 cm , with four prominent rows of spiny nodules and numerous other smaller spines . surface . . .
( of ricinula spectrum reeve , 1846 ) reeve l . a . ( 1846 ) . monograph of the genus ricinula . in : conchologia iconica , vol . 3 , pl . 1 - 6 and unpaginated text . l . reeve & co . , london . [ stated dates : pl . 1 - 3 , august 1846 , pl . 5 , september 1846 ; pl . 4 , 6 , october 1846 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : pl . 3 , species no . 19 [ details ]
( of purpura elata blainville , 1832 ) blainville h . m . d . de . ( 1832 ) . disposition méthodique des espèces récentes et fossiles des genres pourpre , ricinule , licorne et concholepas de m . de lamarck , et description des espèces nouvelles ou peu connues , faisant partie de la collection du muséum d ' histoire naturelle de paris . nouvelles annales du muséum d ' histoire naturelle . 1 : 189 - 263 , pls 9 - 12 . page ( s ) : 207 , pl . 11 fig . 1 [ details ]
drivas , j . ; jay , m . ( 1987 ) . coquillages de la réunion et de l ' île maurice . collection les beautés de la nature . delachaux et niestlé : neuchâtel . isbn 2 - 603 - 00654 - 1 . 159 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
liu j . y . [ ruiyu ] ( ed . ) . ( 2008 ) . checklist of marine biota of china seas . china science press . 1267 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
houart r . , kilburn r . n . & marais a . p . ( 2010 ) muricidae . pp . 176 - 270 , in : marais a . p . & seccombe a . d . ( eds ) , identification guide to the seashells of south africa . volume 1 . groenkloof : centre for molluscan studies . 376 pp . [ details ]
( of morula elata ( blainville , 1832 ) ) spry , j . f . ( 1961 ) . the sea shells of dar es salaam : gastropods . tanganyika notes and records 56 [ details ]
( of drupa spectrum ( reeve , 1846 ) ) dautzenberg , ph . ( 1929 ) . contribution à l ' étude de la faune de madagascar : mollusca marina testacea . faune des colonies françaises , iii ( fasc . 4 ) . société d ' editions géographiques , maritimes et coloniales : paris . 321 - 636 , plates iv - vii pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of sistrum elatum ( blainville , 1832 ) ) macnae , w . & m . kalk ( eds ) . ( 1958 ) . a natural history of inhaca island , mozambique . witwatersrand univ . press , johannesburg . i - iv , 163 pp . [ details ]
the first author received a research grant from the treub maatschappij . he is grateful for logistic support offered by jennifer matthews of big blue conservation . nathan cook of eco koh tao and devrim zahir of new heaven dive school helped the second author by collecting coral mortality data . we thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks .
( gastropoda : muricidae ) on corals from the jordanian coast of the gulf of aqaba , red sea . jordan j biol sci 4 : 191–198
baird ah , marshall pa ( 2002 ) mortality , growth and reproduction in scleractinian corals following bleaching on the great barrier reef . mar ecol prog ser 237 : 133–141
berumen ml , pratchett ms , mccormick mi ( 2005 ) within - reef differences in diet and body condition of coral - feeding butterflyfishes ( chaetodontidae ) . mar ecol prog ser 287 : 217–227
( röding 1798 ) at ningaloo reef , western australia . coral reefs 13 : 145–150
on the great barrier reef . great barrier reef mar park authority res publ 96 : 1–26
cumming rl , mccorry d ( 1998 ) corallivorous gastropods in hong kong . coral reefs 17 : 178
gittenberger a , hoeksema bw ( 2013 ) habitat preferences of coral - associated wentletrap snails ( gastropoda : epitoniidae ) . contrib zool ( in press )
gittenberger a , reijnen bt , hoeksema bw ( 2011 ) a molecularly based phylogeny reconstruction of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) with taxonomic consequences and evolutionary implications for growth forms and life history traits . contrib zool 80 : 107–132
to coral mortality in the eastern pacific . mar ecol prog ser 55 : 121–131
hoeksema bw ( 1989 ) taxonomy , phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) . zool verh 254 : 1–295
hoeksema bw ( 1991 ) control of bleaching in mushroom coral populations ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) in the java sea : stress tolerance and interference by life history strategy . mar ecol prog ser 74 : 225–237
hoeksema bw ( 2004 ) impact of budding on free - living corals at east kalimantan . indonesia . coral reefs 23 : 492
hoeksema bw ( 2012 ) distribution patterns of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) across the spermonde shelf , south sulawesi . raffles bull zool 60 : 183–212
hoeksema bw , gittenberger a ( 2010 ) high densities of mushroom coral fragments at west halmahera . indonesia . coral reefs 29 : 691
hoeksema bw , koh egl ( 2009 ) depauperation of the mushroom coral fauna ( fungiidae ) of singapore ( 1860s–2006 ) in changing reef conditions . raffles bull zool suppl 22 : 91–101
hoeksema bw , matthews jl ( 2011 ) contrasting bleaching patterns in mushroom coral assemblages at koh tao , gulf of thailand . coral reefs 30 : 95
hoeksema bw , moka w ( 1989 ) species assemblages and ecomorph variation of mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) related to reef habitats in the flores sea . neth j sea res 23 : 149–160
hoeksema bw , matthews jl , yeemin t ( 2012a ) the 2010 coral bleaching event and its impact on the mushroom coral fauna of koh tao , western gulf of thailand . phuket mar biol cent res bull 71 : 71–81
hoeksema bw , van der meij set , fransen chjm ( 2012b ) the mushroom coral as a habitat . j mar biol assoc uk 92 : 647–663
population increases in kenyan coral reef lagoons . mar ecol prog ser 115 : 131–137
( caenogastropoda : muricidae ) from the coastal waters of hong kong : ‘plagues’ or ‘aggregations’ . j mar biol assoc uk 89 : 147–159
( gastropoda : muricidae ) in hong kong . j molluscan stud 68 : 217–223
goreau et al . , 1968 , boring into mushroom corals ( scleractinia : fungiidae ) , in relation to other mussels ( bivalvia : mytilidae ) . contrib zool 80 : 169–178
( l . ) under controlled conditions of food availability . pac sci 61 : 113–120
pratchett ms , wilson sk , berumen ml , mccormick mi ( 2004 ) sublethal effects of coral bleaching on an obligate coral feeding butterflyfish . coral reefs 23 : 352–356
pratchett ms , wilson sk , graham naj , munday pl , jones gp , polunin nvc ( 2009 ) coral bleaching and consequences for motile reef organisms : past , present and uncertain future effects . ecol stud 205 : 139–158
risk mj , heikoop jm , edinger en , erdman mv ( 2001 ) the assessment ‘toolbox’ : community - based reef evaluation methods couples with geochemical techniques to identify sources of stress . bull mar sci 69 : 443–458
samimi namin k , risk mj , hoeksema bw , zohari z , rezai h ( 2010 ) coral mortality and serpulid infestations associated with red tide , in the persian gulf . coral reefs 29 : 509
outbreak in the northern gulf of eliat and changes in coral prey . coral reefs 27 : 379
waheed z , hoeksema bw ( 2013 ) a tale of two winds : species richness patterns of reef corals around the semporna peninsula . malaysia . mar biodivers . doi :
eat live coral tissue by stripping the tissue from the coral skeleton and leaving white feeding scars that can quickly become covered by algae . feeding scars can have detrimental effects on coral growth .
generally form clusters on dead branches of live coral colonies , deep in crevices , under corals , or on dead corals . these clusters range from a few snails to over several thousand individuals .
can cause significant mortality on coral reefs . for example , in western australia and japan ,
caused extensive mortality , destroying 90 % of corals in parts of the northern reef at ningaloo reef .
population to increase , due to decreased predation by fish ( e . g . , triggerfish , porcupinefish , wrasses , snappers , and emperor breams ) , which was also recorded in kenyan reefs where their numbers increased greatly in the 1980s .
may also help to maintain coral diversity by grazing down faster growing corals ( e . g . ,
predators , and increased reef damage along with natural causes ( variable larval recruitment ) have been suggested as potential causes .
the periodic outbreaks suggest some relationship with oceanographic oscillations ( e . g . ,
were attracted to corals that were stressed and in low salinity water than to unstressed corals .
) from corals found that corals where snail aggregations were removed maintained significantly more live tissue area than those where snail aggregations were left in place .
these results indicate that small - scale removal of corallivorous snails may be an effective conservation measure , although other considerations must be evaluated such as costs / benefits of removal and the role of snails as prey for other reef species .
saueracker , g . 1997 the scourge of ningaloo . conservation australia ( anca ) 2 : 17 - 24 .
miller , m . w . 2001 corallivorous snail removal : evaluation of impact on acropora palmata . coral reefs 19 : 293 - 295 .
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
kwazulu - natal , rep . south africa - e africa ; indo - pacific
purpura baccata hombron , j . b . & c . h . jacquinot , 1848 : indonesia
public domain . the bhl considers that this work is no longer under copyright protection .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
grazing . a report prepared for the department of conservation and land management , western australia . sea research . am and al ayling p . m . b . 1 , daintree , queensland 4873 , australia , pp 1–85
on the ningaloo reef , western australia . in : turner s ( ed )
: a synopsis . proceedings of a workshop held at the department of conservation and land management , como , western australia 21–22 november 1991 calm occasional paper no . 3 / 92 , pp 45–50
frank pw ( 1969 ) growth rates and longevity of some gastropod mollusks on the coral reef at heron island . oceologia 2 : 232–250
laxton jh ( 1970 ) shell growth in some new zealand cymatiidae ( gastropoda : prosobranchia ) . j exp mar biol ecol 4 : 250–260
blainville ( muricidae ) : the effects of different species of prey . j exp mar biol ecol 75 : 1–17
moyer jt , higuchi h , matsuda k , hasegawa m ( 1985 ) threat to unique terrestrial and marine environments and biota in a japanese national park . envt cons 12 : 293–301
( röding 1798 ) at ningaloo and abrolhos reefs . unpublished thesis , murdoch university , western australia
distribution and abundance patterns following a survey of ningaloo reef in spring 1991 . in : turner s ( ed )
: a synopsis . proceedings of a workshop held at the department of conservation and land management , como , western australia 21–22 november 1991 calm occasional paper no . 3 / 92 , pp 11–17
spight tm ( 1974 ) sizes of populations of a marine snail . ecology 55 : 712–729
spight tm , birkeland c , lyons a ( 1974 ) life histories of large and small murexes ( prosobranchia : muricidae ) . mar biol 24 : 229–242
( röding 1798 ) along ningaloo reef , western australia . coral reefs 12 : 1–8
wilkinson l , hill m , vang e ( 1992 ) systat : statistics version 5 . 2 edition . systat , evanston , il
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blainville , h . m . d . de 1832 ,
dispostion méthodique des espèces récentes et fossiles des genres pourpre , ricinule
, nouvelles annales du muséum d ' histoire naturelle . paris , vol . 1 , pp . 189 - 263
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 863d7f1d - 9022 - 487e - aa1c - 3ca6eb99a498
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : a20d4143 - 8395 - 4e36 - 8041 - 0283eb089f92
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 503783
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occurrence describes how often the species is found on surveys within its distribution . it is calculated as the % of reef sites surveyed by rls divers across all the ecoregions in which the species has been observed
abundance is calculated as the average number of individuals recorded per rls transect , where present .
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diversity and distribution of subtidal benthic molluscs from the dampier archipelago , western australia ; results of the 1999 dredge survey ( da2 / 99 ) john d . taylor and emily a . glover
a survey of the benthic molluscs of the dampier archipelago , western australia shirley m . slack - smith and clay w . bryce
we thank moustafa fouda ( nature conservation section of the egyptian environmental affairs agency ) and ayman mabrouk ( nabq managed resource protected area ) for research permissions , andy tischer and hans lange ( both dahab marine research center , divein ) for logistic support . michael stachowitsch provided helpful comments on a former version of this article . the study was funded by a grant of the university of innsbruck to vs . jh was supported by an apart - grant ( austrian programme for advanced research and technology ) of the austrian academy of sciences , and mz by project p19013 - b17 of the austrian science fund ( fwf ) .
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