a wasp is any insect of the order hymenoptera and suborder apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant .

the apocrita have a common evolutionary ancestor and form a clade ; wasps as a group do not form a clade , but are paraphyletic with respect to bees and ants .

the most commonly known wasps , such as yellow jackets and hornets , are in the family vespidae and are eusocial , living together in a nest with an egg-laying queen and non-reproducing workers .

eusociality is favoured by the unusual haplodiploid system of sex determination in hymenoptera , as it makes sisters exceptionally closely related to each other .

however , the majority of wasp species are solitary , with each adult female living and breeding independently .

many of the solitary wasps are parasitoidal , meaning that they raise their young by laying eggs on or in other insects ( any life stage from egg to adult ) .

unlike true parasites , the wasp larvae eventually kill their hosts .

solitary wasps parasitize almost every pest insect , making wasps valuable in horticulture for biological pest control of species such as whitefly in tomatoes and other crops .

wasps first appeared in the fossil record in the jurassic , and diversified into many surviving superfamilies by the cretaceous .

they are a successful and diverse group of insects with tens of thousands of described species ; wasps have spread to all parts of the world except for the polar regions .

the largest social wasp is the asian giant hornet , at up to 5 centimetres ( 2.0 in ) in length ; among the largest solitary wasps is a group of species known as tarantula hawks , along with the giant scoliid of indonesia ( megascolia procer ) .

the smallest wasps are solitary chalcid wasps in the family mymaridae , including the world 's smallest known insect , with a body length of only 0.139 mm ( 0.0055 in ) , and the smallest known flying insect , only 0.15 mm ( 0.0059 in ) long .

wasps play many ecological roles .

some are predators , whether to feed themselves or to provision their nests .

many , notably the cuckoo wasps , are kleptoparasites , laying eggs in the nests of other wasps .

wasps have appeared in literature from classical times , as the eponymous chorus of old men in aristophanes ' 422 bc comedy σφῆκες ( sphēkes ) , the wasps , and in science fiction from h. g. wells 's 1904 novel the food of the gods and how it came to earth , featuring giant wasps with three-inch-long stings .

the name " wasp " has been used for many warships and other military equipment .

wasp

how can we identify a common wasp ? face view of common wasp , notice the anchor marking .
the median wasp . this is a social wasp like the common or european wasp , but most years it is normally out competed by the other species .
yvonne pateman , wasp class 43 - 5 , recalls life and training as a wasp at avenger field .
1 ) if john kerry were protestant , he would be a wasp . 2 ) george w . bush is a wasp 3 ) dukkakis went to a wasp college
] . for wasp / fly species pairs that yielded very few wasp offspring , we did not attempt to distinguish refusal to lay eggs , wasp egg developmental arrest , or host immune response against the eggs as potential reasons for lack of wasp success .
the german wasp builds its nest in bushes and trees . it is slightly larger than the common wasp and darker in colour .
locate the wasp nest by examining all protected areas in the vicinity of wasp activity . just removing the wasp nest will not resolve the problem , because surviving wasps will reconstruct a new one .
] . these differences suggest it is possible our characterizations of the wasp infection strategies are specific to the particular wasp strains we used .
wasp is both a genuine and constructed category . there are important figures in wasp culture who have written about their role in society just as their are style books and photo essays about the
wasp look .
paper wasps control : these wasps are not as aggressive as yellow jackets or hornets and can be eliminated rather easily with a wasp and hornet sprays such as bonide wasp and hornet killer or pt wasp and hornet killer .
home twu wasp archives  wasp on the web  if you have something you would like to share , please contact me . prepared by c . andy hailey , k . o . w ( kid of a wasp )
german wasp nests are grey . common wasp nests are brown . the world ' s largest recorded wasp nest was discovered at waimauku ( near auckland ) . it was 3 . 75 metres tall and 1 . 7 metres wide .
the team also found pollen pockets on the underside of the fossil wasp and the wasp trapped in amber and identified grains of fig pollen within those pockets .
we are working with fairfax media and other partners to increase wasp control and reduce wasp populations in the nelson tasman , marlborough , coromandel and canterbury regions .
► toxicity , wasp abundance and species richness varied among orchards and across months . ► monthly toxicity scores predicted monthly wasp abundance but not species richness . ► the organic orchard had significantly higher total wasp species richness than ipm or conventional orchards .
wasp nests provide a home for some of our most beautiful , pollinating hoverflies .
the european wasp is a native of europe , north africa and asia minor .
kitthawee s , singhapong s , baimai v . metaphase chromosomes of parasitic wasp ,
celebrating wildflowers—pollinators—wasp pollination . us forest service . web . june 9 , 2018 .
unperturbed reproduction of the gall wasp . ( image : rice university / boulet )
i was surprised to see that the wasp apparently ' attacked ' a chrysalis .
it ' s used by non - wasp groups , usually with some derision .
wasp on the web . urltoken ( accessed on july 9 , 2004 ) .
the wasp wwii museum . urltoken ( accessed on july 9 , 2004 ) .
helorus rufipes , a wasp quietly going about its business in british woodlands and gardens .
great golden digger wasp with a captured katydid . photo : jeff hahn , umn extension
it ' s what liquified and injects the pure seathing evil that is a wasp .
genetics of sex determination in the haplodiploid wasp nasonia vitripennis ( hymenoptera : chalcidoidea ) .
palp - faction : an african milkweed dismembers its wasp pollinators . - pubmed - ncbi
– keeping the area clean and efficiently reducing access to the wasp’s sources of food .
most wasp and hornet sprays cause insects to drop instantly when contacted by the insecticide .
other pest control methods include possum fur recovery , ground control and vespex wasp bait .
above actress katherine heigl for harper ' s bazaar july 2010 embodies a wasp stereotype .
wasp meets prep in northeast academia where early americans laid the foundations of american education .
this is an example not only of intra - family wasp - on - wasp action , but of one parasite taking full advantage of another—a rare phenomenon biologists call “hypermanipulation . ”
the approach to wasp control depends on whether wasps are a nuisance over larger areas of land with several nests or you have one or two wasp nests in an urban area .
wasps will die out over the winter except for the queen wasp . she will hibernate and wake in spring looking for a nest . she is bigger than a normal wasp , so if you see a large wasp make sure you kill it . excellent article on wasps and how to eliminate them . also check out this waikato area wasp fact sheet .
hemocytes toward the wasp egg shortly after infection also makes clear that the wasp egg is quickly recognized as foreign , perhaps as a result of being flagged by extracellular recognition proteins . our microarray results point to at least two strong candidate pattern recognition receptors for wasp eggs ,
vai al nostro shop on - line per acquistare le stampanti wasp e tutti gli accessori .
nelson jm . external morphology of polistes ( paper wasp ) larvae in the united states .
sand wasp with paralyzed leaf - footed bug prey . photo : jeff hahn , umn extension
your local western exterminator pest specialist will devise a comprehensive wasp control plan to keep wasps away from your home and family . we also provide wasp nest removal services so you don’t have to worry about how to get rid of a wasp nest . click here to learn more about our wasp control services or give us a call at 888 - 674 - 0921 .
beukeboom lw , kamping a , van de zande l . sex determination in the haplodiploid wasp
ode pj , antolin mf , strand mr . brood - mate avoidance in the parasitic wasp
citrus gall wasp ( cgw ) damage : the galls can be seen on the stalks .
dr mo said studies are underway to develop best - management practices for parasitic wasp releases .
wasp nests can be dangerous to handle . rely on professional treatments to keep safe from stings
“studies in queensland , where cgw and their natural enemies originated , showed that when parasitic wasp populations are high , up to 90 per cent of gall wasp larvae can be parasitised .
the wasp was never militarized , and those who served as wasp were considered civil service employees . there was considerable opposition to the wasp program in the press and in congress . general henry
hap
arnold , us army air force commander , first supported the program , then disbanded it . the wasp was deactivated december 20 , 1944 , having flown about 60 million miles in operations . thirty - eight wasp were killed , including some during training .
the mud dauber wasp is a common predator of the spider in north america . rather than eating the spider , the mud dauber wasp stings it , paralyzes it and places the corpse in a mud cell in the wasp nest . the larva will then feed on the spider .
“as soon as we found wasp - 107b we realised it was ideal for studying the atmosphere of an exoplanet” remarks keele astronomer david anderson , who wrote the paper announcing wasp - 107b .
the eighth wasp was a 14 , 700 ton , 741 - foot aircraft carrier that earned two battle stars during world war ii . wasp ' s sterling performance evoked british prime minister winston churchill ' s famous quote ,
who said a wasp couldn ' t sting twice ?
carabajal paladino lz , papeschi ag , cladera jl . immature stages of development in the parasitoid wasp
pepsis sp . with theraphosidae pepsis wasp dragging its prey - an unfortunate tarantula - into its den where the wasp will deposit her egg into the body of the spider . acrylic on wood panel
after treatment of the wasps / hornets nests , continue to monitor the area for wasp activity .
the asian paper wasp has been found in the north island and top of the south island .
we report one case and analyzed 15 japanese cases concerning multiple organ failure induced by wasp stings .
margaret phelan taylor was a wasp during world war ii . courtesy of the taylor family hide caption
there are three of the wasp traines listed below who joined a branch of the military after they left the wasp program . their highest rank achieved and service branch are appended to their names .
records of wasp were classified and sealed , so historians minimized or ignored the women pilots . in 1977 — the same year the air force graduated its first post - wasp women pilots — congress granted veteran status to those who had served as wasp , and in 1979 issued official honorable discharges .
wasp - 107b ( the 107th exoplanet discovered by the uk - led wide angle search for planets , “wasp” ) was discovered in 2017 by a team led by professor coel hellier of keele university .
“studies in queensland , where cgw and their natural enemies originated , showed that when parasitic wasp populations are high , up to 90 percent of gall wasp larvae can be parasitised , ” she says .
treating hornets and other wasps should be done at night , without shaking or disturbing the nest . you will need a quick spray of bonide wasp and hornet aerosol or pt wasp and hornet killer .
hardware and garden stores supply a range of insecticides suitable for this method . these include wasp killer dust and permex insect dust , which have permethrin as the active ingredient , and rentokil wasp killer .
interesting , cause ralph lauren himself is jew , but the style he is professing is very much wasp . . what does
goy
mean ? the same as wasp , only more negative ?
pt wasp & hornet freeze , wasp - x , bonide wasp & hornet aerosol are aerosols that would give a very quick knock down of the wasp nest . you can spray as far away as 15 - 20 feet . these quick kill wasp aerosols have oily bases , so care should be considered when using not to stain a surface . ecopco jet contact insecticide aerosol is another alternative . the eco pco line is much less toxic than other insecticides because they are made up of botanical lines .
“it’s these interactions between plants , flies , and wasps that lead to far more diversity than we expect in this system , ” forbes says . “each fly can only be killed by one wasp , so when a fly moves into a new type of flower home it escapes that wasp . eventually , the wasp might find it again , or a new wasp may evolve the ability to kill the fly .
what appears to be a new species of netelia , an ichneumon wasp , found in my garden .
use wasp . crawler to validate if your website conform to regulations and best practices related to privacy .
4 . polistes : common paper wasps such as the
red wasp
( polistes annularis ) .
elias j , dorn s , mazzi d . inbreeding in a natural population of the gregarious parasitoid wasp
it ' s unknown how the newfound crypt - keeper wasp can manipulate its host ' s behavior .
the crypt - keeper wasp emerges from its host ' s head in an artist ' s conception .
that the syrphids who develop behavioral mimicry are wasp mimics—bees don’t have the characteristic twitches that wasps have .
at rentokil , we can offer safe and convenient solutions to get rid of your wasp problem quickly .
the cicada killer wasp is the largest wasp found in iowa . they may be up to 2 inches long and are black with yellow markings on the thorax and abdomen and they have rusty colored wings .
this sight works great , but if u need more info go to the wasp official website . urltoken
photos courtesy texas woman’s university — the wasp archives , and from author sarah byrn rickman’s personal collection .
he world ' s oldest known example of a fig wasp has been found on the isle of wight .
when discovered in the 1920s on the largest island of england , the fossils had been wrongly identified as belonging to an ant . new analyses of the fig wasp specimens suggest instead they belong to a fig wasp .
genetics of sex determination in the haplodiploid wasp nasonia vitripennis ( hymenoptera : chalcidoidea ) . - pubmed - ncbi
wasp control using vespex .
department of conservation , 2018 . web . 10 june , 2018 .
this small parasitic wasp - - 1 / 50th inch - - attacks the eggs of leaf eating caterpillars .
the crypt - keeper wasp ( euderus set ) in action . ( image : rice university / boulet )
wasp body type , frequently with a long slender petiole ( connection ) between the abdomen and the thorax .
it takes up to 5 honeybees to kill one wasp . so get rid of wasps whenever you can .
tomato potato psyllid pest could be controlled in new zealand by a wasp from mexico and the united states .
the fact that the wasp were forgotten by their own air force united the women . they lobbied congress to be militarized . and they persuaded sen . barry goldwater to help . he ferried planes during the war , just as the wasp did . and then , in 1977 , the wasp were finally granted military status .
the occurrence of skin hemorrhage or necrosis after wasp stings is extremely rare and multiple organ injury after wasp stings is also a rare complication . thus , cutaneous hemorrhaging or necrosis findings after wasp stings may suggest the development of multiple organ injury . in addition , the number of stings may play an important role in predicting outcome .
even when it becomes an adult wasp , the ants treat it as one of their own , grooming and feeding it . before the ant - mimicking odour wears off , the wasp emerges from the nest and leaves .
daytime treatments are successful when the wasp nest is treated , or if the wasps present on the nest are killed . then , the wasp nest is removed , and the attachment area treated . returning workers looking for the wasp nest contact the residual and die . complete the job by removing the wasp nest , particularly if it is in an attic , wall void , etc . this service prevents secondary infestations by dermestids or other pests .
an ichneumon wasp searching for an oviposition site ( and an attempt for drilling ) from uzay sezen on vimeo .
a giant ichneumon wasp harassed by another while ovipositing ( intra - specific competition ) from uzay sezen on vimeo .
the phase curve of wasp - 104b , as observed by k2 , fitted with a red - line model .
in fact it is probably best to leave them alone as killing a wasp attracts more and more of them .
there were two wasp nests in our bbq today . turned on the bbq . the wasps were no more .
group species appear to melanotically encapsulate lb17 eggs . indeed , staining of melanized wasp eggs from one such species ,
lambdastar ultracap 9 . 7 - residual spray to spray vulnerable wasp nesting areas ( prevent future nesting sites ) .
the venom from a wasp sting contains several toxins that can cause a hypersensitive or allergic reaction in some people .
the release of a new wasp might be the key to controlling tomato potato psyllid , a devastating horticultural pest .
helen is responsible for all the financial administration for the organisation . she works one day a week for wasp .
it ' s wasp as opposed to jewish , as i said - - not exclusively but pretty close . the
figure 1 . adult potter wasp , eumenes fraternus say . photograph by lyle j . buss , university of florida .
sj gastreich kr , queller dc . determinants of high genetic relatedness in the swarm - founding wasp , protopolybia exigua .
learning objectives : the intern will learn to sample insects using a variety of techniques , identify superfamilies and families of wasps , prepare wasp specimens for research and deposition into the insect collection at the nmnh , and identify braconid wasp specimens .
jill – i will turn in my high wasp card when you and i meet for dinner . ok ? : )
femaleness in a parasitoid wasp , unlike in bees , requires male and female input , explaining why diploids are female .
strains . five days after infection , fly larvae were dissected and the encapsulation of dominant and supernumerary parasite larvae was recorded . supernumerary wasp eggs / larvae are usually killed by the dominant wasp egg / larva around the time of hatching [
this tiny parasitic wasp is an effective biological control agent because it kills its host before a plant can be damaged .
native to the southeastern united states , this species lays its egg inside the tiny , wooden chambers that another parasitic wasp species , the gall wasp ( bassettia pallida ) , carves out in sand live oak trees . these knobby protuberances , known as galls , are sort of like tree cysts induced by the presence of the host wasp ' s young .
the diabolical “crypt - keeper wasp , ” or euderus set . ( credit : andrew forbes / university of iowa )
to find out why , egan teamed up with kelly weinersmith , a parasitologist and a colleague at rice university . they cut open the branches and realized that every stuck wasp had a companion inside its crypt—a second wasp , half the size of the first , and iridescent blue . and in every case , the blue wasp was eating the orange one .
a full wasp suit sealed at the wrists , ankles , and collar is recommended when disposing of a hornet nest .
1 . ( animals ) any social hymenopterous insect of the family vespidae , esp vespula vulgaris ( common wasp ) , typically having a black - and - yellow body and an ovipositor specialized for stinging . see also potter wasp , hornet
essays , uk . ( november 2013 ) . reviewing the novel the wasp factory english literature essay . retrieved from urltoken
age and diet influence the composition of venom from the endoparasitic wasp pimpla turionellae l . ( hymenoptera : ichneumonidae ) .
over the years it has been reported that the wasp records were sealed , stamped classified and unavailable to historians who wrote histories about wwii . according to archivists at the national archives , military records containing reports about the wasp were treated no differently from other records from the war , which generally meant the wasp records weren ' t open to researchers for 30 years . but unlike other stories from the war , the wasp story was rarely told or reported until the 1970s .
yvonne pateman , wasp class 43 - 5 , narrates this video about the women airforce service pilots and avenger field .
the wasp software suite is the industry - standard for wind resource assessment , siting and energy yield calculation for wind turbines and wind farms . the wasp software suite is used for sites located in all kinds of terrain all over the world .
figure 3 | an artist rendition of ‘hot saturn’ wasp - 96b . a distant observer would see wasp - 96b blueish in colour , because sodium would absorb the yellow - orange light from the planet’s full spectrum . image credit : engine house
so , perhaps the crypt - keeper uses its host to plug the crypt , so it can’t get parasitized itself by an intruding fairy wasp . or maybe the fairy wasp uses the presence of a head - plugged hole to find a crypt - keeper wasp to target . “we’re hoping to catch the fairy wasp this year , and get the whole system into the lab , ” says weinersmith . “it blows our minds that there could be yet another layer to all of this . ”
turns out , individual species prefer specific livestock dung for breeding , which is important for figuring out which variety of wasp is best to provide long - lasting pest prevention . you have to make sure that the wasp wants to stick around your farm and attack your pests , and that means giving the wasp a nice home . and the wasp wants specific kinds of dung . no judgments ! some of us still live in new york city . we all have our weird housing preferences .
nest provisioning in the mud - dauber wasp sceliphron laetum ( f . smith ) : body mass and taxa specific prey selection
strohm , e . , laurien , k . c . and bordon , s . ( 2001 ) . escape from parasitism : spatial and temporal strategies of a sphecid wasp against a specialised cuckoo wasp , oecologia berlin 129 , 50 - 57 .
i & apos ; m not going out , i can see a wasp out there , it will kill us all .
figure 4 . male meteorus autographae muesebeck , a parasitoid wasp . photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .
figure 5 . female meteorus autographae muesebeck , a parasitoid wasp . photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .
] and have been deposited under accession numbers dq218153–dq218154 in genbank . wasp strains will be disseminated upon request to the authors .
the gall wasp ( b . pallida ) is a parasite that infests oak trees in the u . s . southeast .
appears to be digger wasp with fishing spider . dragged off spider to hidden area under ledge in earth near river edge .
he developed ways to mass rear and supply a beneficial wasp , the tiny trichograma , to control the major insect pest .
compare the treatment of women in robert browning ' s poetry and iain banks ' novel , ' the wasp factory ' .
in 1992 , to preserve their history , the wasp designated texas woman ' s university in denton as their official archives .
it ' s only female wasps who have a sting which they can use repeatedly , if they feel under threat . in most cases a wasp sting causes no long term harm , but it can be life threatening if you are allergic to stings . treating a wasp nest is often the most efficient way to control a wasp problem and reduce the threat of being stung .
a badger can destroy an entire nest of wasps in an effort to get to the larvae inside . hedgehogs are also wasp predators . covered with thick spines , the hedgehog ' s skin is protected and a wasp ' s sting has no effect .
steve oversees the management of all programme , marketing and performance management of wasp operations . steve is also responsible for several facets of wasp’s primary role and engages in brokering and maintaining key partner relationships which support national and local objectives to drive . . .
, 1980 , costumes by cocheo & lavery . the film mocks many wasp cliches but for the purposes of this course it also showcases many wasp clothing conventions . it also features chevy chase , a 14th generation american on the social register since birth .
a while back i announced wasp’s new small business outreach effort and , thanks to your help , we’ve been making great progress .
herman ra , queller dc , strassmann je . the role of queens in colonies of the swarm - founding wasp parachartergus colobopterus .
strassmann je , queller dc , solís cr , hughes cr . relatedness and queen number in the neotropical wasp , parachartergus colobopterus .
dr steve compton , of the university of leeds , said the fig wasp fossils were
fascinating
because of their age .
funny that it applies to most people who believe in the wasp theory as well , ( looking at you , kkk ) .
andrea – so true . it’s socially unacceptable for a high wasp woman to be all sorts of things that we frequently are anyway…
workers of the european wasp leave the nest in search of food , and are attracted to meats , sweet food and drink .
figure 3 . cocoon of meteorus autographae muesebeck , a parasitoid wasp . photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .
she said before the release of the wasp , chemical control of the psyllid was the only way growers could manage the pest .
dr mo said studies are currently under way to develop best management practices for wasp releases and improved spray control and repellent options .
over 200 women airforce service pilots attended the congressional gold medal ceremony at the capitol in washington , d . c . members of all military branches escorted the wasp , many of whom wore their world war ii uniforms . deanie parrish , wasp class 44 - 4 , accepted the medal on behalf of all the women airforce service pilots and each wasp received a replica of the commemorative medal .
i have used wasp since its beginning when other such tools were cumbersome and expensive to use . wasp was a breath of fresh air that made access to data quality tools a no - brainer . i highly recommend it for anyone that takes data quality seriously .
1 . the ichneumon wasp actually pierced a leaf many times to reach and attempt to lay it ' s eggs in the caterpillar which had wrapped itself up in the leaf . i thought the wasp had to confront the prey personally - one to one so to speak but clearly not so . you can see the many holes the wasp has created to locate the prey in the video below .
wasp . crawler reports are available in tableau reader format , making it much more powerful and flexible to spot anomalies in your implementation .
artist’s impression of the exoplanet wasp - 107b showing the atmosphere boiling off under the fierce irradiation of its star . image credit : enginehousevfx
strassmann je , barefield k , solís cr , hughes cr , queller dc . trinucleotide microsatellite loci for a social wasp , polistes .
dr compton ' s team was able to identify pollen pockets on the wasp fossils , and even grains of fig pollen within them .
aggregation of dozens of great golden digger wasp nests ( with dozens more to the right ) . photo : jeff hahn , umn extension
i don’t know if i’m a wasp , but i am afraid of the deep fryer . not good for living in the south !
gall wasp larvae derive nutrition from the galls in which they live . adult gall wasps are short - lived and do not feed .
in some individuals , wasp , bee and ant stings can cause an allergic reaction ( anaphylaxis ) , but this is relatively uncommon .
very few animals will try to eat this wasp due to its stinger . both the roadrunner and bullfrog are two of its predators .
sirvio a , johnston js , wenseleers t , pamilo p . a high recombination rate in eusocial hymenoptera : evidence from the common wasp
a female wasp finds a new host and lays a few eggs , usually less than ten . all these eggs develop into males .
figure 1 . mature larva of meteorus autographae muesebeck , a parasitoid wasp . photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .
and its close relatives . for simplification , we will hereafter use the relative terms “generalist” and specialist” for these two wasp species , though
the german wasp was introduced in the 1940s and the common wasp arrived in the late 1970s but is now widespread . both species live in large colonies , about the size of a soccer ball . these colonies can become huge if they manage to survive over winter .
an offer you can ' t refuse : mowry has a choice—either to become a wasp , or get conscripted into the regular army .
the world ' s oldest known example of a fig wasp has been identified from the isle of wight . dating back 34 million years , the fossil wasp looks almost identical to the modern species , suggesting the specialized insect has remained virtually unchanged for at least that long .
learning objectives : the intern will learn to sample insects using a variety of techniques , identify superfamilies and families of wasps , prepare wasp specimens for research and deposition into the insect collection at the nmnh , and identify braconid wasp specimens to levels ranging from subfamily to species .
yellow jacket / wasp traps , such as the safer® brand deluxe yellow jacket trap , and aerosols containing pyrethrin , d - limonene , palmarosa oil or mint oil , such as safer® brand wasp and hornet , appear to be the most effective control methods for these insects .
as do most creatures , the citrus gall wasp has natural predators – and fortunately , some particularly nasty ones live in australia . they’re wasps that feed on the larvae of other wasp species , and when they’re around , cgw populations are literally decimated , says dr mo .
ater that , dust an insecticidal dust like tempo dust into the their entrance at night . wear protective clothing and try not to use any lights . even with paper wasp , you still can get stung . treatment can be accomplished by applying a wasp and hornet aerosols .
all sorts of animals will eat wasps , including other species of wasps . they may be armed with a stinger , but that only does them good if they have time to employ it . mantids , lizards , spiders , birds - anything that can nab them without getting stung will munch down a wasp . here’s a video showing a chickadee preying on wasp larvae . the adult returns , and faces off with the bird - the bird wins , inflicting a deadly injury on the wasp , then goes on to continue helping himself to wasp larvae .
nest provisioning in the mud - dauber wasp sceliphron laetum ( f . smith ) : body mass and taxa specific prey selection » brill online
wasp . crawler is the only solution that runs locally , so it can be used on intranets and secured environments without opening security holes .
flexibility and power : wasp runs within your premise , leveraging the untapped power of your own computer , and allowing unlimited number of crawls .
o ' donnell s , jeanne rl . the nest as fortress : defensive behavior of polybia emaciata , a mud - nesting eusocial wasp .
the first picture looks like a couple of seashells . the second looks like a fossilized plant . the third is my petrified wasp nest .
in general , solitary wasps pose little threat to humans , unless there is direct contact and the wasp feels its life is in danger .
european wasps are a stout wasp with a bright yellow and black banded abdomen , and a pair of black spots on each yellow band .
european wasp colonies are started in spring by a single fertilised queen , which lays an egg in a number of cells in the nest .
( hymenoptera : braconidae ) , a parasitoid wasp used as a biological control agent . eur j entomol . 2013 ; 110 : 401–409 .
the ghoulish wasp is called hymenoepimecis argyraphaga . its larva injected a chemical into the spider to control its actions , making it a slave .
if a nest is discovered early enough in spring , removal using diy wasp products may be possible but the danger from stings will remain .
age and diet influence the composition of venom from the endoparasitic wasp pimpla turionellae l . ( hymenoptera : ichneumonidae ) . - pubmed - ncbi
that was a familiar story , but landdeck says there were some bases that did throw parties or had full reviews for their departing wasp .
on 20 dec 1944 , arnold disbanded wasp . originally prejudiced against the potentials of female pilots , by now the female pilots had won him over . in fact , one of the reasons for him to disband wasp was due to the unsuccessful attempt of the congress to make wasp personnel members of the military . on 7 dec 1944 , during a speech he delivered at sweetwater , he said that the
wasp have completed their mission . their job has been successful . . . . the air forces will long remember their service and their final sacrifice .
the common wasp ( vespula vulgaris ) is found throughout the uk in almost all habitats , including woodland and urban areas . they are nicknamed jaspers in the midlands , deriving possibly from the latin for wasp , vespa , or from the similarity in looks to the striped mineral jasper .
( a ) po enzyme activity ( standardized by total protein levels ) in drosophila larvae 24 h after wasp attack . means and upper / lower 95 % confidence intervals are represented by horizontal lines . ( b ) fat body expression of drosomycin - gfp 24 h after wasp attack .
the team found pollen pockets on the underside of the fossil wasp and the wasp in amber and , using scanning electron microscopy , identified grains of fig pollen within the pockets . this proves that active pollination was already achieved over 34 million years ago and has remained unchanged to this day .
) . the isolation of such an uncommon interspecific hybrid reinforces the evidence that social wasp gut conditions can favor yeast mating . to verify this ,
de boer jg , ode pj , vet lem , whitfield jb , heimpel ge . diploid males sire triploid daughters and sons in the parasitoid wasp
the hornet is noticeably bigger than your average wasp and can be an inch or more in length . they tend to have more red colouring .
the hornet nest , although large in size , doesn’t hold as many individuals as a common wasp nest ; normally only 300 or so individuals .
figure 2 . pre - pupation larva of meteorus autographae muesebeck , a parasitoid wasp . photograph by andrei sourakov , florida museum of natural history .
whitfield jb , asgari s ( 2003 ) virus or not ? phylogenetics of polydnaviruses and their wasp carriers . j insect physiol 49 : 397–405 .
dubuffet a , dupas s , frey f , drezen jm , poirie m , et al . ( 2007 ) genetic interactions between the parasitoid wasp
temnostoma is , at first glance , a wasp mimic , probably of the mason wasps ( picture included ) . look twice and you note that temnostoma has two wings to a wasp’s four , and its antennae are short . but some syrphids don’t stop with appearance , they mimic wasp behavior , too—raising their dark - colored , front legs so they look like long antennae ( a feature that’s apparently important to discriminating birds ) ( some syrphids do have long antennae , and they don’t do the leg - raising behavior ) , mock - stinging when handled , wing - wagging , eschewing the direct flight of syrphids for a wasp’s erratic patterns , and even holding their wings out in a wasp - like “v” at rest .
control : follow the general guidelines of wasp / hornet control above . first , inspect to locate nests , then treat the nest at night .
wasp sports - custom made & bespoke athletic vests - running club kit , personalised lycra crop tops , school vests and sportswear , multisport shirts .
wasps do in fact exist , as i am one of them . a true wasp would never wear cargo shorts - i resent that picture .
strohm , e . ( 2000 ) . factors affecting body size and fat content in a digger wasp , oecologia berlin 123 , 184 - 191 .
the fossil wasp is almost identical to the modern species , proving that this tiny but specialised insect has remained virtually unchanged for over 34 million years .
cocoon project , il loto , cellula meditativa multisensoriale . materiale : pla tipologia : componibile stampante 3d : delta wasp 3mt il progetto per una cellula abitativa…
wasp ' s small business outreach committee seeks to broaden the reach of web standards by informing small businesses about best practices in commissioning and building websites .
gk strassmann je , queller dc , hughes cr . demographic and genetic evidence for cyclical changes in queen number in a neotropical wasp , polybia emaciata .
on the other hand , wasp men can apparently get away with having a belly , and there seems to be no stigma attached to this . interesting…
) . despite nearly identical infectivities of lb17 and lh14 in this experiment ( 1 . 27 and 1 . 29 wasp eggs per larva , respectively ;
we must have legislation to make the wasp a part of the army . at the present time , they are not entitled to benefits which should go to them in accordance with the duties they are performing .
aaf commander general hap arnold from wasp : in their own words by nancy parrish
the women airforce service pilots program ceased to exist . all wasp military records were sealed , classified , and sent to storage archives for 30 years .
compton and his colleagues used high - tech microscopy techniques to compare the ancient wasp fossils with modern fig wasps and with a specimen of a fig wasp encased in dominican amber dated to 20 million years ago . both fossil insects showed the same body shape and features as the modern species , they found .
solitary wasps nests are often hidden and small enough that they are hard to spot . if you notice a nest in open areas of your yard or home , it is probably a social wasp nest . do not approach it . call a wasp extermination company as soon as possible to handle the situation .
all this biting and cutting creates an almighty mess , and
the wasp comes forth very largely covered with body fluids and fragments of tissue of the host .
while the wasp
is readily and quickly cleaned
, the luckless host
dies immediately as a result of this gross mutilation
.
in naming lhd - 1
wasp
, the navy honors nine previous ships , dating to the american revolution , which have borne this illustrious name .
the adults may resemble other hymenopterans , but lack the characteristic
wasp waist
. females may have conspicuous , impressive ovipositors but are unable to sting .
anyway , some wasps pollinate plants . if you ' ve ever enjoyed a fig ( yes , including fig newtons ) then you should thank a wasp .
the wasp is a predator for many insects but that doesn ' t mean other animals don ' t eat wasps . some natural predators of wasps include :
the european wasp , vespula germanica , is an established pest in australia . this non - native wasp was first found in australia in 1959 in tasmania . by 1978 they were also known in victoria , south australia , new south wales and western australia , and are now firmly established in the sydney area .
, making this a great system for studying interactions between the host immune system and pathogen virulence proteins . we have focused on two closely related wasp species ,
scientists have discovered a new parasitic wasp species with a life cycle so diabolical , they named it after set , the egyptian god of evil and chaos .
wasp and hornet colonies die out once the weather turns cold , but bees can stay alive throughout the winter by staying tucked and huddled into their hives .
don’t smash a wasp . squishing it can send a chemical pheromone that signals danger to the other members of the nest , encouraging them to become aggressive .
reviewing the novel the wasp factory english literature essay .
ukessays . com . 11 2013 . all answers ltd . 07 2018 < urltoken > .
ukessays . reviewing the novel the wasp factory english literature essay [ internet ] . november 2013 . [ accessed 9 july 2018 ] ; available from : urltoken
cutaneous hemorrhage or necrosis findings after vespa mandarinia ( wasp ) stings may predict the occurrence of multiple organ injury : a case report and review of literature .
wasp class 44 - 1 became the first class to graduate wearing the official santiago blue wasp uniform that was designed by bergdorf goodman of new york and made by the neiman marcus company in dallas . jackie cochran pinned the coveted silver women airforce service pilots wings above the left pocket of the graduates ' jackets .
the edible figs we eat today are produced on specialised female plants that trick the wasps into entering the figs and strip off their wings , but then prevent them from laying any eggs . as a result , the figs produce only seeds and no wasp offspring . the length of the ovipositor - the organ the wasp uses to lay its eggs - of the isle of white fig wasp shows that its host fig tree had already evolved this method of cheating on its partner .
it never ceases to amaze me at the variety of adaptations used by insects to survive . in the case of the potter wasp , each brood cell is provisioned with one to 12 caterpillars . the caterpillars are paralyzed with the wasp ' s sting and serve as the only source of food for the developing young . the female wasp then lays a single egg , which is attached to the top inner surface of the brood cell . there can be several generations per year .
in 2006 , i was doing a complex web analytics implementation and realized there were no easy and efficient ways of validating the presence and proper firing of tags . i created wasp to bring intuitive diagnostic to digital marketers . since then , wasp has been recognized as a trailblazing tool for quality assurance testing of digital analytics .
hot jupiter wasp - 104b was observed in campaign 14 of the kepler k2 mission , leading to superb - quality photometry covering 45 orbital cycles of the planet .
keeping mg . reproductive and worker castes in the primitively eusocial wasp belonogaster petiolata ( degeer ) ( hymenoptera : vespidae ) : evidence for pre - imaginal differentiation .
ezenwa vo , henshaw m , queller dc , strassmann je . patterns of buzz running , a swarm initiation behaviour , in the neotropical wasp , parachartergus colobopterus .
a study of three ancient fossils found on the isle of wight in the 1920s has revealed that evolution has not altered the fig wasp in 34 million years .
monthly toxicity scores predicted wasp abundance , setting an upper bound on the number of wasps in the orchard , but did not predict species richness . total species richness was significantly higher in the organic orchard than in all others , but in august a conventional orchard had the highest wasp abundance and species richness . these results suggest that a toxicity index could guide pesticide choices or application times so as to increase parasitoid wasp populations , which have untapped potential for pest management in apple orchards .
a wasp was trying to get into my car yesterday as i was loading it . i actually asked it
are you retarded ? ? ? ! !
rizki rm , rizki tm ( 1990 ) microtubule inhibitors block the morphological changes induced in drosophila blood cells by a parasitoid wasp factor . experientia 46 : 311–315 .
birds and other insects eat wasps . often , these animals and insects find the wasp larvae more appealing than the adults . however , there are many insects that won’t pass up an opportunity for a meal , even if it means feasting on an adult wasp . some specific insects and birds that prey on wasps include :
new zealand has some of the highest densities of german and common wasps in the world . they can now be controlled using vespex , a targeted wasp bait .
i thought i had a reasonable grasp of wasp - not that i have ever had cause to use it myself , only to read and hear it used .
wasp arises from english and dutch upper class transplants to the us in the 16th century , followed by scotch irish and germanic immigrants of the 17th century . describing
ukessays . november 2013 . reviewing the novel the wasp factory english literature essay . [ online ] . available from : urltoken [ accessed 9 july 2018 ] .
all answers ltd , ' reviewing the novel the wasp factory english literature essay ' ( ukessays . com , july 2018 ) < urltoken > accessed 9 july 2018
they collected enough money to ship her remains home by train ,
says pohly .
and a couple of her fellow wasp accompanied her casket .
as described in the latest edition of proceedings of the royal society b , the newly - discovered crypt - keeper wasp , formally known as euderus set , lays its eggs directly inside the larvae of its rival , another parasitic wasp called the common gall wasp ( b . pallida ) . in addition to changing the behavior of the growing gall wasps , the crypt - keeper larvae go on to consume the internal organs of their victims , and then exit their hosts through the head .
any arthropods that are reasonably common make suitable food items for solitary wasp larvae , in practice this means the major insect orders , and spiders are the most commonly used ; the following table is a list of some of the orders used by different groups of solitary wasp , it is not an exhaustive list by any means .
wasp grubs ( see the drawing below ) are carnivorous , the adults bring them prey which is mainly other insects . this is chewed up into a paste by the workers and queen and fed to the grubs . an adult wasp can carry prey that weighs 4 / 5 of her own body weight back to the nest . as many of these prey items are regarded as
pests
by gardeners , it is clear that the wasp should be regarded as the gardener ' s friend .
spider wasps are active in gardens during summer months . the spider wasp most commonly encountered is cryptocheilus bicolor . this is a very large black wasp with orange wings and legs and a broad orange band around its abdomen . it holds its wings up when resting but flicks them when it hops and runs about on its long legs .
a list apart – the magazine “for people who make websites” is run by wasp founder jeffrey zeldman and is a consistent source of forward - thinking articles and tutorials .
web standards sherpa – an educational resource founded by wasp which continues to operate under the leadership of chris casciano , virginia debolt , aaron gustafson , and emily lewis .
contrary to competing solutions which use a predefined list of tags to look for , wasp uses a powerful algorithm to detect all tags , even the most obscure ones .
i was wondering about writing a post on laura kreidberg’s new paper on wasp - 103b when i noticed that she’d already done it . so let’s just borrow that :
west - eberhard m . the genetic and social structure of polygynous social wasp colonies ( vespidae : polistinae ) in : bm gk veeresh , viraktamath ca , editor .
) , thus confirming the previous results on the ability of the e324 strain to sporulate in alkaline environments . sce pure strains ( such as those fed to the wasps ) disappeared after the longest period of wasp hibernation , suggesting outbred and hybrid cells are fitter than the studied pure sce strains during long periods within the wasp intestine (


gelechia abjunctella is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in south africa .

adults are blackish cinereous , the forewings with a few black points and with some cinereous speckles , wholly cinereous along the exterior border .

the exterior border is very oblique .

the hindwings are pale cinereous , shining .

gelechia abjunctella

gelechia abjunctella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 629 ; tl : cape
gelechia ochrocorys meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 43
gelechia rescissella zeller , 1852 ; k . vetenskakad . handl . 1852 : 110
gelechia allomima meyrick , 1938 ; inst . parcs nat . congo belge 14 : 12
gelechia wacoella chambers , 1874 ; can . ent . 6 ( 12 ) : 237
gelechia sirotina omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 107
gelechia albomaculata omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 93
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
haapakeulakoi
to
gelechia nigra haworth 1828
.
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
tyrnikeulakoi
to
gelechia hippophaella schrank 1802
.
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
hopeapajukeulakoi
to
gelechia cuneatella douglas 1852
.
gelechia capiteochrella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 252
gelechia discostrigella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 248
gelechia flexurella clemens , 1860 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 12 : 163
gelechia maculatusella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 245
gelechia mimella clemens , 1860 ; proc . acad . nat . sci . philad . 12 : 163
gelechia packardella chambers , 1877 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 3 : 143
gelechia palpialbella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 253
gelechia ribesella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 4 ) : 290
gelechia amorphella chambers , 1877 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 3 : 124
gelechia badiomaculella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 10 ) : 192 ; tl : kentucky
gelechia ( mesogelechia ) teleiodella omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 105
gelechia unistrigella chambers , 1873 ; can . ent . 5 ( 9 ) : 176 ; tl : kentucky
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
vaahterakeulakoi
to
gelechia sestertiella herrich - schäffer 1854
.
kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
poppelikeulakoi
to
gelechia turpella denis & schiffermüller 1775
.
gelechia anthracopa meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 501 ; tl : china , shanghai
gelechia grisseochrella ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia griseella ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia dujardini huemer , 1991 ; nota lepid . 14 : 127 ; tl : yugoslavia , krk i . , punat
gelechia mediterranea huemer , 1991 ; nota lepid . 14 : 125 ; tl : hellas , lakonia , 7km sw monemvasia
gelechia chionomima meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 488 ; tl : natal , weenen
gelechia epiphloea meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 292 ; tl : barberton
gelechia overhaldensis strand , 1920 ; archiv naturg . 85 a ( 4 ) : 63 ; tl : overhalden , norway
gelechia resecta meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 288 ; tl : pretoria
gelechia anarsiella chambers , 1877 ; bull . u . s . geol . surv . 3 : 126 ; tl : edgerton
gelechia arotrias meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 725 ; tl : natal , weenen
gelechia grisseochrella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 247 ; tl : california
gelechia horiaula meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 133 ; tl : nw . india , abbottabad
gelechia thoracestrigella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 245 ; tl : california
gelechia discoanulella chambers , 1875 ; cincinnati q . j . sci . 2 ( 3 ) : 254 ; tl : texas
gelechia amorphella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 891
gelechia rhombelliformis staudinger , 1871 ; berl . ent . z . 14 ( 3 / 4 ) : 303 ; tl : sarepta
gelechia albatella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 636 ; tl : ceylon
gelechia angustella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 637 ; tl : ceylon
gelechia anomorcta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 277 ; tl : e . siberia , khaborowsk
gelechia desiliens meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 23 ; tl : california , venice
gelechia fecunda meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 17 ; tl : natal , umkomaas
gelechia griseaella ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . , incertae sedis )
gelechia liberata meyrick , 1910 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 5 : 414 ; tl : cape colony , capetown
gelechia marmoratella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 646 ; tl : sydney
gelechia pallidegrisseella [ = pallidagriseella ] chambers , 1875 ; can . ent . 7 ( 3 ) : 53 ( emend . )
gelechia suspensa meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 19 ; tl : brazil , teffé
gelechia tetraleuca meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 18 ; tl : zululand , eshowe
gelechia anagramma meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 72 ; tl : cape colony , middelburg
clandestina omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 96 ( preocc . gelechia clandestina meyrick , 1923 )
gelechia junctipunctella caradja , 1920 ; dt . ent . z . iris 34 ( 1 / 2 ) : 100 ; tl : biskra
gelechia omphalopis meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 330 ; tl : sw . africa , otjiwarongo
gelechia veneranda walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 62 ; tl : mexico , sonora
gelechia dyariella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 877 ; tl : colorado
gelechia gammanella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 638 ; tl : sarawak , borneo
gelechia lactiflora meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 71 ; tl : portuguese east africa , magude
gelechia cuneatella douglas , 1852 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . ( n . s . ) 1 : 242 ; tl : london
gelechia anthochra lower , 1896 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 20 : 168 ; tl : rockhampton , queensland
gelechia platydoxa meyrick , 1923 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 1 - 2 ) : 20 ; tl : french guiana , r . maroni
gelechia versutella zeller , 1873 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 23 ( abh . ) : 253 ; tl : texas
gelechia adapterella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 890 ; [ nhm card ]
gelechia dromicella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 177 ; tl : placer co . , california
gelechia panella busck , 1903 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 889 ; tl : arizona ; california
gelechia caudatae clarke , 1934 ; can . ent . 66 : 175 , pl . 9 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : washington , pullman
gelechia cuneifera walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 64 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
gelechia mandella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 759 ; tl : kaslo , british columbia
gelechia monella busck , 1904 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 27 ( 1375 ) : 759 ; tl : kaslo , british columbia
gelechia picrogramma meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 489 ; tl : brazil , teffé ; british guiana , bartica , mallali
gelechia traducella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 12 ; tl : la chorrera , panama
gelechia albomaculata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 110
gelechia invenustella berg , 1876 ; bull . soc . imp . nat . moscou 49 ( 4 ) : 240 ; tl : cerro de caballada , rio negro
gelechia teleiodella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , park & bae , 2006 , j . asia - pacif . ent . 9 ( 2 ) : 110
gelechia flavipalpella walsingham , 1881 ; trans . ent . soc . 1881 ( 2 ) : 262 , pl . 12 , f . 31 ; tl : spring vale
gelechia intermedia braun , 1923 ; proc . calif . acad . sci . ( 4 ) 12 ( 10 ) : 120 ; tl : angeles bay , lower california
gelechia benitella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 229 ; tl : san benito , texas
gelechia impurgata walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 67 , pl . 2 , f . 23 ; tl : mexico , sonora
gelechia sonorensis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 69 , pl . 2 , f . 26 ; tl : mexico , sonora
gelechia sestertiella herrich - schäffer , 1854 ; syst . bearb . schmett . europ . 5 ( 65 ) : 186 , ( 58 ) ( ii ) pl . 66 , f . 487
gelechia hetaeria walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 68 , pl . 2 , f . 24 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , orizaba
gelechia petraea walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 63 , pl . 2 , f . 20 ; tl : guatemala , las mercedes , 3000ft
gelechia adapterella walker , 1864 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 29 : 590 ; tl : st . martin ' s falls , albany river , hudson ' s bay
gelechia discoanulella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 126 ( unrecognized ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia versutella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 878 ; [ nacl ] , # 1966 ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15
gelechia albisparsella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 877 ; [ nacl ] , # 1929 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 13
gelechia anarsiella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 874 ; [ nacl ] , # 1930 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia bianulella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 873 ; [ nacl ] , # 1933 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia lynceella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 879 ; [ nacl ] , # 1946 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia ribesella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 860 ; [ nacl ] , # 1960 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia rileyella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 887 ; [ nacl ] , # 1961 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15
gelechia badiomaculella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 892 ; [ nacl ] , # 1931 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia bistrigella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 892 ; [ nacl ] , # 1934 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia capiteochrella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 893 ; [ nacl ] , # 1936 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia flexurella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 895 ; [ nacl ] , # 1942 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia ocherfuscella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 899 ; [ nacl ] , # 1954 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14
gelechia wacoella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 902 ; [ nacl ] , # 1967 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15
gelechia palpialbella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 899 ; [ nacl ] , # 1957 ( ident . uncert . ) ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia discostrigella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 894 ; [ nacl ] , # 1939 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( incertae sedis )
gelechia - species dictionary - global : ispot nature - your place to share nature . ispot is a website aimed at helping anyone identify anything in nature . once you ' ve registered , you can add an observation to the website and suggest an identification yourself or see if anyone else can identify it for you .
gelechia maculatusella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 897 ; [ nacl ] , # 1947 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia mimella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 898 ; [ nacl ] , # 1949 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia obscurella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 898 ; [ nacl ] , # 1952 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia packardella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 866 ; [ nacl ] , # 1955 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia pallidagriseella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 899 ; [ nacl ] , # 1956 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 14 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia thoracestrigella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 901 ; [ nacl ] , # 1963 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ( ident . uncert . )
gelechia unistrigella ; busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 901 ; [ nacl ] , # 1965 ( ident . uncert . ) ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 15 ( ident . uncert . )
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[ south africa , western cape ] , cape colony , cape town , e . l . icerya [ coccidae ] , viii .
meyrick e . 1909a . new south african microlepidoptera . - annals of the south african museum 5 : 349–379 .
le pelley r . h . 1932 . on the pest - status of certain coffee - feeding insects , with records newly recorded from coffee in kenya . - journal of east african natural history 40–41 ( 1931 ) : 67–77 .
miller s . e . , copeland r . s . , rosati m . e . & hebert p . d . n . 2014b . dna barcodes of microlepidoptera reared from native fruit in kenya . - proceedings of the entomological society of washington 116 ( 1 ) : 137–142 .
meyrick e . 1909b . descriptions of transvaal micro - lepidoptera . - annals of the transvaal museum 2 ( 1 ) : 1–28 , pls . 1–8 .
neu , ceu , caucasus , transcaucasia , china ( gansu , qinghai , jilin ) , korea . see [ maps ]
larva on prunus spp . , p . spinosa , p . domestica [ me3 ] , 108
morocco , austria , bosnia , seu , asia minor . see [ maps ]
larva on juniperus sabina , j . oxycedrus , j . phoenicea [ me3 ] , 109
tinea sororculella hübner , [ 1817 ] ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 8 ] : pl . 66 , f . 440
larva on salix spp . , s . caprea , s . cinerea , s . aurita , s . viminalis , s . purpurea [ me3 ] , 111
neu , ceu , russia , china ( xinjiang , jilin ) , japan . see [ maps ]
larva on salix ssp . , s . alba , s . caprea [ me3 ] , 113
larva on salix spp . , populus spp . , p . tremula , p . alba , p . nigra , populus canescens [ me3 ] , 117
larva on populus nigra , populus pyramidalis , p . balsamifera , p . laurifolia [ me3 ] , 118
larva on populus nigra , populus pyramidalis , p . balsamifera [ me3 ] , 119
s . finland , austria , poland , schweden , . . . . see [ maps ]
larva on acer campestre , a . platanoides huemer , 1991 , nota lepid . 14 : 124
alpes maritimes , croatia , macedonia , greece , italy , turkey . see [ maps ]
atlanticella ( amsel , 1955 ) ( nothris ) ; bull . inst . sci . nat . belg . 31 ( 83 ) : 59
larva on platanus occidentalis busck , 1903 , proc . u . s . nat . mus . 25 ( 1304 ) : 878
atrofusca omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 103
depressaria bistrigella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 5 ) : 92
clopica meyrick , 1931 ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 384
conditor omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 91
cuspidatella turati , 1934 ; atti soc . ital . sci . nat . 73 : 197
delapsa meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 60
delodectis meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 3
dichomeris dolbyi walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 98 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : panama , la chorrera
epistolica meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 59
telphusa exposita meyrick , 1926 ; sarawak mus . j . 3 : 152 ; tl : mt murud , 6500 - 7200ft
farinosa teich , 1899 ; arb . naturfr . ges . riga 42 : 75
phthorimaea frequens meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 426 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
fuscooculata omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 93
goniospila meyrick , 1931 ; an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenos aires 36 : 385
parasia griseaella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 5 ) : 88 ; tl : ontario [ ? ]
haifella amsel , 1935 ; mitt . zool . mus . berl . 20 ( 2 ) : 300
teleia hyoscyamella rebel , 1912 ; dt . ent . z . iris 26 ( 1 ) : 89 ; tl : heluan
inconspicua omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 99
telphusa inferialis meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 133 ; tl : bengal , chapra
longipalpella teich , 1899 ; arb . naturfr . ges . riga 42 : 75
telphusa machinata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 488 ; tl : assam , khasis
psoricoptera melanoptila lower , 1897 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 22 ( 2 ) : 272 ; tl : broken hill , new south wales
nothris mundata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 495 ; tl : new mexico , mescalero , 7000ft
notabilis omelko , 1986 ; proc . zool . inst . leningr . 145 : 99
ophiaula meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 60
telphusa paraula meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 18 ) : 568 ; tl : ceylon , maskeliya and madulsima ; s . india , nilgiris
paroxynta meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 59
pistaciae filipjev , 1934 ; trav . inst . zool . acad . sci . urrs 2 : 17
praestantella lucas , 1956 ; bull . soc . sci . nat . maroc 35 : 256
repetitrix meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 60
depressaria rileyella chambers , 1872 ; can . ent . 4 ( 6 ) : 106 ; tl : kentucky
sachalinensis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1083
sattleri piskunov , 1982 ; dokl . akad . nauk . armyan . ssr 74 ( 3 ) : 138
telphusa sematica meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 286 ; tl : barberton
stenacma meyrick , 1935 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 18 - 19 ) : 585
nothris thymiata meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 497 ; tl : arizona , nogales
chelaria trachydyta meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 304 ; tl : bombay , dharwar
tribalanota meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 67
nothris griseella chambers , 1874 ; can . ent . 6 ( 12 ) : 245 ; tl : texas
[ afromoths ] de prins , j . & de prins , w . , 2013
[ spl ] varis , v . ( ed ) , ahola , m . , albrecht , a . , jalava , j . , kaila , l . , kerppola , s . , kullberg , j . , 1995
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
expedition of the california academy of sciences to the gulf of california in 1921 . the tineid moths
lepidoptera britannica , sistens digestimen novam lepidopterorum quae in magna britannica reperiunter . . . adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes
die schmetterlinge deutschlands und der schweiz . 2 . abteilung , kleinschmetterlinge . 2 . die motten und federmotten
systematische bearbeitung der schmetterlinge von europa , zugleich als text , revision und supplement zu j . hübner ' s sammlung europäischer schmetterlinge , die schaben und federmotten , ( 1847 - ) 1853 - 1855 )
the moths of america north of mexico including greenland . fascicle 7 . 1 . gelechioidea , gelechiidae ( part ) , dichomeridinae
notice sur la chassa des lépidoptéres durant l ' été 1904 dans le district d ' ourjoum , gouv . de viatka [ in russian ]
review .
a list of north american lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects
. by harrison c . dyar , ph . d . , . . .
zerny , 1935 die lepidopterenfauna des grossen atlas in marokko und seiner randgebiete mém . soc . sci . nat . maroc . 42 : 1 - 163 , pl . 1 - 2
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
[ south africa , gauteng ] , pretoria , 16 . xi . 1948 , leg . l . vári .
janse a . j . t . 1950 . the moths of south africa . v . gelechiadae . - — 5 ( 2 ) : 61–172 , pls . 33–88 .
janse a . j . t . 1958 . the moths of south africa . vi . gelechiadae - — 6 ( 1 ) : 1–144 , pls . 1–32 .
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charcotiidae is a small family of sea slugs , nudibranchs , shell-less marine gastropod molluscs , in the clade euthyneura .

there are no subfamilies in charcotiidae .

charcotiidae

( mollusca : nudibranchia : charcotiidae ) . j crustac biol 35 : 97–104 . doi :
vayssière , 1906 ( nudibranchia : arminoidea : charcotiidae ) from signy island , antarctica . j molluscan stud 61 : 197–207
wägele , h . , barnes , d . k . a . , and bullough , l . w . ( 1995 ) redescription of charcotia granulosa vayssière , 1906 ( nudibranchia : arminoidea : charcotiidae ) from signy island , antarctica . journal of molluscan studies 61 : 197 - 207 .
wägele , h . ( 1991 ) studies on the morphology and anatomy of the antarctic nudibranch genera pseudotritonia thiele , 1912 and telarma odhner , 1934 with a discussion of the family charcotiidae odhner , 1926 ( nudibranchia : opisthobranchia ) . zoological journal of the linnean society 101 : 359 - 389 .
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known only from antarctic peninsula and nearby wandel is [ = booth island ] ; and south orkney islands [ signy ids . ]
locality : cuverville island , antarctic peninsula , southern ocean , 12 meters . length 25 mm . 8 february 2007 . rock wall . photos : david cothran
charcotia granulosa , was described from a single preserved specimen ( vayssiere , 1906 ) . more recently a few living animals were found and described ( wagele et al , 1995 ) which look very similar to this photo . the shape is similar to an arminid , with a broad mantle skirt overlapping the body down each side but with a gap in the anterior midline . there is a broad oral veil and the genital openings and anal papillae are on the right side of the body . there are conical papillae scattered over the mantle along the mantle edge . the digestive gland forms a solid mass but there are a few branches running up to the the mantle edge but never into the oral veil or foot . the branches are often visible through the translucent body wall .
the rhinophores are describes as ' petal - like , laterally compressed ; tips digitiform ' [ wagele et al , 1995 ] but appear long smooth and cylindrical in this photo .
vayssière , a . ( 1906 ) diagnoses generiques de mollusques gasteropodes nouveaux rapportes par l ' expedition antarctique de dr . charcot . bulletin du museum national d ' histoire naturelle paris 12 : 147 - 149 .
vayssière , a . ( 1906 ) mollusques nudibranches et marseniades . expedition antarctique francaise ( 1903 - 1905 ) . commandee par le dr . jean charcot . mollusques . pp . 1 - 51 . pls . 14 .
bouchet p . & rocroi j . - p . ( 2005 ) . classification and nomenclator of gastropod families . malacologia . 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 397 isbn 3 - 925919 - 72 - 4 . [ details ]
rosenberg , g . 2005 . malacolog 4 . 0 : a database of western atlantic marine mollusca . [ www database ( version 4 . 0 . 1 ) ] , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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fachbereich 7 , universität oldenburg , postfach 2503 , 2900 , oldenburg , f . r . g .
invertébrés marins des xiie et xve expéditions antarctiques françaises en terre adélie . 12 . gastéropodes , opisthobranches
on the anatomy and zoogeography of tritoniella belli eliot , 1907 ( opisthobranchia , nudibranchia ) and the synonymy of t . sinuata eliot , 1907
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we wish to thank j . cristobo , c . angulo - preckler , m . bas , b . figuerola , l . núñez - pons , a . riesgo , and s . taboada for their help in the field work . we are indebted to the crews of the bio - las palmas , the bio - hespérides , and the “gabriel de castilla” spanish antarctic base , which provided logistic support during the actiquim - 3 and 4 cruises . special thanks are given to the icb - nmr service . a . garcía , r . rivera , and a . riesgo provided support in transmission electron microscopy . funding was provided by the spanish government through the actiquim - ii ( ctm2010 - 17415 / ant ) and distantcom ( ctm2013 - 42667 / ant ) projects , and by the italian pnra through the research project 2009 / a1 . 06 . j . m . was supported by a fpi of the spanish government ( bes - 2011 - 045325 ) .
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avila c , durfort m ( 1996 ) histology of epithelia and mantle glands of selected species of doridacean mollusks with chemical defensive strategies . veliger 39 : 148–163
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: new terpenoid acylglycerols and revision of the previous stereochemistry . tetrahedron 59 : 5579–5583 . doi :
lin z , torres jp , ammon ma , marett l , teichert rw , reilly ca , kwan jc , hughen rw , flores m , tianero md , peraud o , cox je , light ar , villaraza ajl , haygood mg , concepcion gp , olivera bm , schmidt ew ( 2013 ) a bacterial source for mollusk pyrone polyketides . chem biol 20 : 73–81 . doi :
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thanks for the id correction , doc . responsive to your query , here are a few images of the c . granulosa crawling on the orange - red colored
whatever - it - is
, perhaps algae , on which i found the slug . in the frigid water , i didn ' t linger long enough to find out if the slug was actually feeding on it .
locality : verdansky , 30 feet , antarctic peninsula , southern ocean , 14 march 2009 , rocky sloping reef . length : 3 / 4 inch . photographer : kevin lee .
thanks for your quick response . i am definitely more comfortable lingering over your photos on a sunny sydney day than you were taking them in antarctic waters !
i agree the red - orange object is algal , which means there is something animal and orange , and probably cnidarian , nearby .
locality : verdansky , 30 feet , antarctic peninsula , southern ocean , 14 march 2009 , rocky slope . length : 3 / 4 inch . photographer : kevin lee .
this animal certainly has the digitiform rhinophores that pseudotritonia antarctica is reported to have , but that species only has tubercles around the mantle edge . i am pretty sure your animal is the related charcotia granulosa , which has tubercles scattered all over its back .
have you any idea what the orange branching colony the animal is crawling on is ? from the orange contents in the digestive gland it may well be the animal ' s food . if so it would be a useful addition to outkowledge of this antarctic species .
locality : antarctic peninsula , 15 meter , anarctica , march 2008 . length : 4 cm . photographer : erling svensen .
thanks for this photo . there are very few photos of the living animal , so this is of great interest . in an earlier message on charcotia granulosa [ # 19508 ] i discuss how the tentacular shape of the rhinophores [ head tentacles ] in the accompanying photo is rather different from heike wagele ' s description of ' flap - like ' tentacles in her description of preserved animals . your photo explains the difference as it shows a flap - like base and a short tentacles which i presume can greatly extend when the animal is not disturbed .
hi bill , i am a long term admirer of the sea slug forum - it has been a fantastically useful resource for my work a marine naturalist for lindblad expeditions .
i have been diving in the antarctic for the past 6 austral summers and thought you might enjoy seeing a couple of the nudibranchs i have photographed ; one of them has been puzzling me .
locality [ for 1st image ] : cuverville island , antarctic peninsula , southern ocean , 12 meters . length : 25 mm . 8 february 2007 . rock wall . photos : david cothran
the first image is , i believe , charcotia granulosa , a moderately common species around the antarctic peninsula , relatively small and inconspicuous except for its white color .
the second image is one i took at first to be another c . granulosa . on close examination though , i noticed a number of odd characteristics , including the form of the rhinophores , the web of orange veins and the reddish dots associated with them . i have photographed a number of c . granulosa specimens and never seen these characters before .
dear david , thanks very much for these interesting additions to the forum . i think it ' s worth mentioning at this stage that our knowledge of the antarctic opisthobranchs is based on a little preserved material and a little more recently collected material , some of which includes information on the living animals . our biggest problem then is matching the original material , which was usually described from preserved , often distorted material , and lacks information on the shape and colour of the live animals , with more recently collected material , or photos like yours .
your upper animal is almost certainly charcotia granulosa , which was described from a single preserved specimen ( vayssiere , 1906 ) . more recently , a few living animals were found and described ( wagele et al , 1995 ) and they look very similar to your photo . however one major difference is that they describe the rhinophores as ' petal - like , laterally compressed ; tips digitiform ' , which seems rather different from the long smooth cylindrical rhinophores in your photo . looking at their photo [ see black & white copy alongside ] it seems that the laterally compressed basal part of the rhinophores in their specimen may represent a partially contracted state . this example certainly illustrates the fairly primitive state of our knowledge . any photos and information you can send will be of great value .
i think i will deal with your second photo in a separate message [ # 19509 ] . although it has similarities to charcotia , in that genus there are a few branches of the digestive gland running up to the the mantle edge but never into the oral veil and foot . however you can see in your photo that the brown branches of the digestive gland extend into the oral veil and down along the edge of the foot . i suspect it is pseudotritonia quadrangularis but i will discuss that separately one thing it would be nice to get a photo of is the right side of the body of either , or both of these species . species of this family have a glandular band running along the right side of the body from the genital openings back toward the tail . i have no idea what it looks like in the living animal but i suspect it will be an opaque white line .