the black-tailed myiobius or black-tailed flycatcher ( myiobius atricaudus ) is a species of bird in the family tityridae. , however a number of other taxonomic authorities place it in the tyrannidae .

black-tailed flycatchers are found in brazil , colombia , costa rica , ecuador , panama , peru , and venezuela .

their natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest .

they are usually found alone or in pairs , but may join flocks of several species .

black - tailed myiobius

black - tailed myiobius ( myiobius atricaudus ) is a species of bird in the tityridae family .
the black - tailed flycatcher is rare and widespread in amazonia where it seems to be associated with varzea forest . it also occurs in the semideciduous forest of northwest peru , in tumbes . the black - tailed flycatcher also occurs in
black - tailed flycatcher ( myiobius atricaudus ) | birds tyrannidae ii pygmy & tody - tyrants , bentbills , twistwings , ornate & royal flycatchers . . . | pinterest | fl…
in response to playback . identified as whiskered flycatcher in the field , but looking at photographs later shown to be a black - tailed ( range extension ) . pic here : urltoken
with the tawny - breasted myiobius occurring at higher elevations than the other members of its genus .
kari pihlaviita marked the finnish common name
pensasvilkkuperä
from
myiobius atricaudus lawrence 1863
as trusted .
. the black - tailed flycatcher has olive - brown upperparts with a black tail it often flashes and spread wide while foraging for insects . it has a light yellow rump . it also has a golden - yellow crown patch that is better defined in the male . the breast is light brown . the bill is black with yellowish on the base of the mandible . it forages in the understory of the forest . it is similar to the
the black - tailed flycatcher is an active bird that is rarely motionless and will catch insects while flying . this bird likes to be near streams . conservation status according to iucn 2008 red list : least concern ( lc ) .
the tawny - breasted myiobius or tawny - breasted flycatcher ( myiobius villosus ) is a species of bird in the family tyrannidae . it is found in bolivia , colombia , ecuador , panama , peru , and venezuela . its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests .
farnsworth , a . & lebbin , d . ( 2018 ) . black - tailed flycatcher ( myiobius atricaudus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the total length of this species varies between 4 . 75 inches and 5 inches ( measured from tip of bill to end of tail ) . this bird has the chest beige - olive and the tail black .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . eastern black - tailed tityra ( tityra braziliensis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the whiskered myiobius is very similar in appearance to several closely related species . it has olive upper parts , an obvious yellow rump and a usually well - concealed yellow patch on the crown . the rictal bristles round the beak are long and form a basket - like structure . the underparts are greyish - olive and the belly pale yellow . the tail is black and somewhat rounded . it is usually a silent bird , but sometimes utters a staccato
psik
.
six subspecies are recognised ; m . b . semiflavus from east and central colombia ; m . b . barbatus from southeastern colombia to northern peru , south venezuela , the guianas and northern brazil ; m . b . amazonicus from eastern peru and western brazil ; m . b . insignis from northeastern brazil , south of the river amazon ; m . b . mastacalis from southeastern brazil , south of the river amazon . the subspecies m . b . mastacalis is sometimes split as the yellow - rumped myiobius ( myiobius mastacalis ) .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : myiobius atricaudus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
like other myiobius , the diet consists largely of insects , many of which are caught aerobatically on the wing . it often forages in small mixed flocks . when perched , this bird often droops its wings and fans the feathers of the tail in a manner reminiscent of old world fantails ( rhipidura ) .
hitherto treated as conspecific with t . cayana , and voices apparently similar , but separated here on account of its much - reduced red on bill in both sexes ( 2 ) ; usually whiter upperparts in male ( ns ) ; absence of a black hood in female ( 3 ) ; usually heavier and more extensive streaking in female , with browner tinge to underlying plumage above and below ( 1 ) ; zone of hybridization extending in a belt from ne brazil ( piauí ) sw through mato grosso to bolivia ( at least 1 ) . monotypic .
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sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' uncommon and patchily distributed ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 16 . 8 - 18 . 3 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 10 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .
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ioc _ names _ file _ plus - 8 . 2g : 8 . 2
as proposed by brumfield et al . 2004 & hennessy 2011 ; vote was 6 / 4 in favor of recognition
c colombia to sierra de perijá ( mts . of ne colombia and nw venezuela )
classification of pipridae follows tello et al . 2009 , mckay et al . 2010 , ohlson et al . 2013 , sacc 591 b2 ; see also prum et al . 1992
tyrant - manakins are sister group to the other
core
manakins ( mckay et al . 2010 )
( snow 2004 , bli ) ; sacc needs proposal for this and additional splits . subspecies
sacc 761 ) . change english name from western striped manakin to striolated manakin ( sacc 783 ) .
painted manakin is a newly described species based solely on distinct vocalizations ( lane et al . 2017 , sacc 761 ) . english name follows sacc 783 .
following tello et al . ( 2009 ) . but kirwan et al . 2016 show that
genetic data place the sharpbill in the tityridae ( ohlson et al . 2008 , tello et al . 2009 ) ; sacc 134 separates to family oxyruncidae along with
in the tityridae ( ohlson et al . 2008 , tello et al . 2009 )
s colombia , e ecuador , w and c amazonian brazil , e peru and n bolivia .
complex ( nyári 2007 , donegan et al . 2011 , sacc 505 , 543a ) .
complex comprises at least five species , now split per above ( nyári 2007 , donegan et al . 2011 , sacc 505 , 543a ) . change english name to brown - winged schiffornis .
c bolivia to e brazil , paraguay and ne argentina . also s guyana and n brazil
loreto : right ( w ) bank río morona , ca . 54 km nnw of mouth of river
four sharp calls . subspcies based on location . seemed to be with silvery - flanked antwrens and plain antvireos .
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race ridgwayi distinctive , has been considered perhaps a separate species ; however , race snethlagei also fairly distinctive , and further work needed on entire species . race portovelae sometimes lumped with nominate because of plumage similarities and poorly defined geographical boundaries between the two . seven subspecies recognized .
todd , 1912 – locally in c & e venezuela ( along r orinoco in n bolívar ) .
j . t . zimmer , 1939 – s colombia ( putumayo ) , e ecuador , e peru , and w brazil ( s of amazon , e to r madeira ) .
j . t . zimmer , 1939 – nc & ne brazil ( s of amazon , e from r tapajós ) .
hellmayr , 1927 – coastal ne brazil ( maranhão to ceará and pernambuco s to e goiás and w bahia ) .
– se brazil ( espírito santo and e minas gerais s to são paulo and ne paraná ) .
12–12·7 cm ; 10 g . large eyes , prominent long rictal bristles . nominate race has crown , nape and back dark olive - green , semi - concealed yellow coronal patch , paler loral . . .
lower growth of dry to humid forest , lighter woodland , shrubby second growth , and forest borders , . . .
arthropods . singly or in pairs ; regularly accompanies mixed - species flocks . actively forages at low to middle levels ; fans tail and droops . . .
apr in costa rica and jun–jul in panama . female constructs a messy bell - shaped or pyriform nest of fine brown plant fibres , suspended . . .
not globally threatened . uncommon to locally fairly common . occurs in tarcol lodge , in costa rica , tambito nature reserve , in colombia , cerro blanco forest reserve , . . .
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varied assemblage of genera long considered taxonomically problematic , and hitherto scattered variously by different authors among families cotingidae , tyrannidae and pipridae , with frequent separation of oxyruncidae , sometimes a reduced form of tityridae , and lately onychorhynchidae ; recently shown by several phylogenetic studies to form a monophyletic group # r # r # r # r . family name tityridae introduced in 1830 , thus having priority for this assemblage over name oxyruncidae , of feb 1832 .
traditionally placed in tyrannidae ; see also onychorhynchus and terenotriccus ( above ) . author has normally , but erroneously , been listed as darwin ( as in hbw ) # r .
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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no particular threats facing this bird have been identified . it is generally uncommon , but it has a very wide range and the population seems to be steady , so the international union for conservation of nature has rated its conservation status as being of
least concern
.
taxonomic source ( s ) del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk . sacc . 2006 . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken . sacc . 2006 . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
population justification : the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' uncommon and patchily distributed ' ( stotz et al . 1996 ) .
trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 16 . 8 - 18 . 3 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 10 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .
what do ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) mean ? learn more about the scoring system .
ne , c & s brazil ( maranhão , piauí and pernambuco s to mato grosso do sul and n rio grande do sul ) , n & e bolivia ( la paz , cochabamba , santa cruz ) , n , c & e paraguay ( primarily e of r paraguay ) and ne argentina ( s to e formosa , e chaco and misiones , probably also corrientes ) .
is found at borders of humid lowland and foothill forest , tall and . . .
mostly frugivorous ; also takes a fair amount of insects ( including winged termites and large cicadas ) and caterpillars , mostly for feeding . . .
few published data . in s of range , breeds in austral spring , with nests in oct and nov in argentina and in dec in extreme s brazil , with . . .
none definitely known , but it has been suggested that birds in far s of range ( e . g . in rio grande . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . fairly common to common . has a large range ( estimated at 7 , 620 , 000 km2 ) , within which extensive areas of suitable habitat are still . . .
formerly included , with pachyramphus , in cotingidae ; both were subsequently transferred to tyrannidae , but recent molecular analyses # r # r # r # r indicate that the two , together with iodopleura and xenopsaris , represent a monophyletic group distinct from both of those families .
. the upper parts are mainly dark olive , and the rump is yellow . there is usually a yellow patch on the crown in males that is normally kept hidden ; this patch is cinnamon - brown in females . the underparts are mainly reddish - brown , the throat is dull white and the centre of the belly has a pale yellow patch . the otherwise similar
) has paler upper parts and much yellower underparts , with tawniness only present at the sides . the
the species is native to rainforests in the foothills of the mountains of tropical south america . its range includes venezuela , colombia , panama , ecuador , peru and bolivia . its altitudinal range extends from
is generally described as uncommon , and its total population is suspected of declining as its rainforest habitat is destroyed . however it has a very wide range and a presumed large total population , so the
ridgely , robert s . ; gwynne , john a . ( 1989 ) .
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this flycatcher species can be found in forest borders , second - growth woodland and gallery woodland in lowlands and foothills .
this species has been reported from southwestern costa rica to peru and southern brazil .
iucn 2008 . 2008 iucn red list of threatened species . www . iucnredlist . org . ridgely , robert . s . and john . a . gwynne . jr . 1989 . a guide to the birds of panama . second edition . princeton university press . princeton , new jersey . 534 p . wetmore , a . 1973 . the birds of the republic of panama . part 3 . passeriformes : dendrocolaptidae ( woodcreepers ) to oxyruncidae ( sharpbill ) . smithsonian institution , washington d . c .
but is distinguished by having lighter olive upperparts , a lighter brown breast , and an overall less saturated plumage . however , identification of these two species needs to be done with caution .
) , j . t . zimmer , 1939 . s colombia , e ecuador , e peru , and w brazil s of amazon .
schulenberg , t . s . , d . f . stotz , and l . rico . 2006 . distribution maps of the birds of peru , version 1 . 0 . environment , culture & conservation ( ecco ) . the field museum .
material published in urltoken belongs to the author ( s ) and is protected by copyright laws . contributor ( s )
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bailey 's pocket mouse ( chaetodipus baileyi ) is a species of rodent of the subfamily perognathinae , family heteromyidae .

it is found in baja california , sinaloa and sonora in mexico and in california , arizona and new mexico in the united states .

bailey ' s pocket mouse

bailey ' s pocket mouse baileyâ€™s pocket mouse is the largest of the pocket mice , weighing up to 1k ounces ( 39 g ) . ( full text )
the bailey ' s pocket mouse is from the order rodentia . ( full text )
bailey ' s pocket mouse is up to 9 inches long , more than half of that length tail .
bailey’s pocket mouse is found on rocky slopes and areas with boulders and rocks mixed in among the cacti and shrubs .
niche : bailey ' s pocket mouse is a nocturnal granivore , inhabiting extremely xeric habitats of the colorado desert in california .
the # mondaymammal is bailey ' s pocket mouse which can carry seeds to their nests in fur - lined check pockets . urltoken
álvarez - castañeda , s . t . and cortés - calva , p . 2002 . extirpation of bailey ' s pocket mouse chaetodipus baileyi fornicatus ( heteromyidae
bailey ' s pocket mice are preyed upon by owls , coyotes , badgers , and snakes .
niche : bailey ' s pocket mouse is a nocturnal granivore , inhabiting extremely xeric habitats of the colorado desert in california . ( full text )
nelson ' s spiny pocket mouse - heteromys nelsoni the nelson ' s spiny pocket mouse is found in guatemala and mexico . source : arkive intended audience : general reading level : middle school teacher section : yes
bailey ' s pocket mouse prefers desert scrub habitat with moderate shrub cover and sandy soils , but can inhabit sparse cover and gravel - pavement substrate .
however , only baileyâ€™s pocket mouse is known to be able to digest the wax . ( full text )
a new bailey ' s pocket mouse . so far , its still the only one we ' ve caught on the site in the last few months .
the home range of bailey ' s pocket mice can vary from 0 . 12 to 0 . 24 ha .
bailey ' s pocket mice have a relatively long life span , and can live up to 3 years in captivity .
the arizona pocket mouse and the desert pocket mouse both inhabit the sandy , open desert with sparse vegetation of grasses , mesquites , creosote bushes , and a few cacti .
am soc mammalogists on twitter :
the # mondaymammal is bailey ' s pocket mouse which can carry seeds to their nests in fur - lined check pockets . …
brylski , p . 1999 .
bailey ' s pocket mouse
( on - line ) . california wildlife habitat relationships system . accessed may 06 , 2004 at urltoken .
bailey’s pocket mouse is the largest of the pocket mice , weighing up to 1k ounces ( 39 g ) . it has a long , tufted tail and coarse , grayish fur , though the color can vary considerably .
the bailey ' s pocket mouse is widely occuring in saguaro national park and is more abundant than other rodents in all areas except for heavily wooded riparian areas , where cactus mice predominate .
the arizona pocket mouse is a small mouse with a thinly - furred tail that does not have a brushy tip . this mouse has tan - to orange - colored fur that is softer than that of many of the other species of pocket mice .
suitable habitat for bailey ' s pocket mouse includes scrub flats or slopes . agricultural uses preclude its existence . its occurrence also may be determined by competitive interactions with other pocket mice ( c . formosus , c . penicillatus , and c . spinatus ) .
the lined pocket mouse has a restricted range , is relatively uncommon and its population trend is unknown . the
bailey ' s pocket mice occur primarily in the lower sonoran desert transition zone , often between rocky hillsides and desert flats . they use areas under large bushes and trees .
reynolds , h . , h . haskell . 1949 . life history notes on price and bailey pocket mice of southern arizona .
the bailey ' s pocket mouse is listed as least concern ( lr / lc ) , lowest risk . does not qualify for a more at risk category . widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category , on the iucn red list of threatened species
bailey ' s pocket mouse is a nocturnal granivore , inhabiting extremely xeric habitats of the colorado desert in california . predators include owls , coyotes , badgers , and snakes . competitors for food resources include other desert - dwelling rodents ( cricetids and heteromyids ) and ants .
for desert life : the seeds the rodents carry do not absorb body water the way they would if they were carried in the mouth . bailey ' s pocket mouse is the only sonoran desert rodent able to eat jojoba seeds , which are toxic to most mammals .
although primarily an eastern species , the hispid pocket mouse does extend across our area into southeastern arizona and south into mexico . much of the big bend country and adjacent mexico lacks the mouse at present , however .
no information was found about the mating systems of bailey ' s pocket mice . however , their sexual dimorphism in size indicates that the species may be polygynous , with males competing for access to females .
reynolds , h . g . , and h . s . haskell . 1949 . life history notes on price and bailey pocket mice of southern arizona . journal of mammalogy 30 : 150 - 156 .
forages mainly on seeds of shrubs and forbs ( reichman 1975 ) but also eats insects and green vegetation seasonally . in arizona , bailey ' s pocket mouse foraged mainly in gravelly soil beneath large desert shrubs ( wondolleck 1978 ) . seeds are stored in abundance in burrow as well as in other places within the territory .
riddle , b . r . , d . j . hafner , and l . f . alexander . 2000 . comparative phylogeography of bailey ' s pocket mouse ( chaetodipus baileyi ) and the peromyscus eremicus species group : historical vicariance of the baja california peninsular desert . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 17 : 161 - 172 .
as per the common name , this pocket mouse is almost invariably found in rocky situations , whereas the chihuahuan pocket mouse ( c . eremicus ) is equally limited to sandy substrata ( c . eremicus east of the continental divide has been known as c . penicillatus until the mid 1990s , when that species was split ) .
the rock pocket mouse also prefers rocky slopes in the desert , lava flows , and gravelly soils . it may use crevices and cracks in rocky ledges as retreats .
reynolds , h . , h . haskell . 1949 . life history notes on price and bailey pocket mice of southern arizona . journal of mammalogy : 150 - 156 .
mary mohlman getting to know a desert pocket mouse which was trapped on a total rodent exclosure plot . these individuals are set free off - site after being identified and measured .
reichman ( 1975 ) indicates that bailey ' s pocket mouse is found in the saguaro - palo verde community , together with larrea , krameria , fouquieria , lycium , acacia , and franseria in southeastern pinal county and that it feeds extensively on the seeds of combseed ( pectocarya ) and cactus ( opuntia ) ( hoffmeister , 1986 ) * 06 * .
the desert pocket mouse has buff to brownish , coarse fur , and a white underside . the tufted tail is long , and has a crest of fur forming a ridge along its length .
chaetodipus baileyi is a relatively large pocket mouse that enters new mexico along the arizona border ; it ranges through the southern half of arizona and most of sonora west of the sierra madre occidental .
pocket mice are aggressively solitary . territory size unknown but probably equal to home range .
because there are many of these little rodents and they are closely related to each other , each species has evolved with different foraging times and places , which minimizes competition . bailey’s pocket mouse , for example , climbs up into desert wash vegetation to find seeds and berries still on the plants , while the desert pocket mouse hunts along the ground in washes and open areas for seeds . merriam’s kangaroo rat , a creature of open , creosote flats , tends to dash from one clump of bushes to the next , overlooking seeds out in the open spaces , leaving those for other mice to find . in this way many species of heteromyid mice and rats can share the same environment .
the lined pocket mouse lives in a burrow and is nocturnal . the entrance of the burrow is usually at the base of a plant , in a crevice or in some other concealed location . when it emerges after dark , the pocket mouse moves slowly around staying under cover as much as possible . if it needs to cross an open space it moves much more rapidly . it feeds on seeds such as those of the
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portal has been known for having very high diversity of rodents compared to many other locations ; however , if someone had just begun trapping there this year , they would have concluded otherwise . for over a year now , we have been mostly capturing the desert pocket mouse and merriam’s kangaroo rat ( dipodomys merriami ) , with only a handful of other species present ( i . e . one or two grasshopper mice ( onychomys spp . ) , ord’s kangaroo rat ( dipodomys ordii ) , or cactus mouse ( peromyscus eremicus ) . this month , there were only desert pocket mice and merriam’s kangaroo rat and not a single individual of another species ! i think this may be the only time this has ever happened in portal project history .
a young / baby of a bailey is called a ' pinkie , kitten or pup ' . the females are called ' doe ' and males ' buck ' . a bailey group is called a ' nest , colony , harvest , horde or mischief ' .
• diet : all of these kangaroo rats are primarily seed eaters , feeding especially on mesquite beans and the seeds of native grasses . merriam’s kangaroo rats eat a few more insects and a little green vegetation as well . the pocket mice are also primarily granivorous ( seed eating ) , most often eating mesquite beans and the seeds of grasses , creosote bushes , and weeds . they may also eat some insects and a very little vegetation . bailey’s pocket mice are adapted to eat jojoba nuts , which are toxic to most other mice .
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the heteromyids are a group of rodents consisting of kangaroo rats and pocket mice . despite their names , they are neither rats nor mice ; and in spite of their mouse - like appearance , they are not closely related to any other species of north american rodent .
no information was found about communication for bailey ' s pocket mice . however , it is likely that they use some visual signals , vocalizations , and tactile communication . as mammals , it is likely that they also have some forms of chemical communication , as scent is often used for individual identification , as well as marking territories , and helping to identify reproductive condition of conspecifics .
the rock pocket mouse is medium - sized ( k to l ounce ; 11 - 18 g ) , with rough brownish - gray fur and spine - like hairs on its rump . the long tail is tufted , with a ridge of fur running along its top .
these rodents have very keen hearing and are able to detect an owl’s silent approach and the movement of snakes .
in september , i returned to portal bringing with me the newest ernest lab member , erica christensen . it was a bit cooler than usual for mid - september , but overall , a great time of year to be in the desert . we captured 263 rodents , most of which are still represented by the desert pocket mouse ( chaetodipus penicillatus ) and merriam’s kangaroo rat ( dipodomys merriami ) . it’s much less buggy than other years , and it was a really pleasant weekend . no complaints about desert fieldwork in the fall !
seed pods from devil’s claw ( proboscidea parviflora ) on the fence of a rodent exclosure , chiricahua mountains in the background .
the breeding activity of bailey ' s pocket mice is confined to the spring and summer months , with highest breeding activity in the late spring . this high point of sexual activity is correlated with new vegetative growth within their range . the young are usually born in april and may . the general litter size is 3 to 4 pups . young of the year are thought to be able to reproduce before the end of the breeding season .
bailey ' s pocket mice are nocturnal granivores and are prey for snakes , owls , coyotes , and badgers . they compete with ants and other desert - dwelling rodents for food . it is thought that this species may select larger seeds than other similar sized rodents , helping to partition the seed - eating niche . through their seed caching , these rodents help to distribute seeds . through their burrowing , they help to aerate the soil .
bailey ' s pocket mice are dietary generalists . they utilize a variety of seeds and varying amounts of insects and green vegetation . the daily nutritional requirements can theoretically be met through a single feeding episode by loading their large cheek pouches . although not specifically reported for this species , other members are known to cache seeds . it is likely that this species does so as well , as it is able to carry seeds in its cheek pouches .
merriam’s kangaroo rat is only about half the size of the banner - tailed rat ; its tail is dark at the tip .
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myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2006 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed february 16 , 2011 at urltoken . urltoken
a small kangaroo rat warms up in my pocket before being released . sometimes after a cool night , rodents need a little help in the morning .
nowak , r . 1999 . walker ' s mammals of the world , sixth edition . baltimore and london : the johns hopkins university press .
fitch , h . s . 1948 . habits and economic relationships of the tulare kangaroo rat . journal of mammalogy 29 : 5 - 35 .
late wisconsin / holocene : howell ' s ridge cave ( harris 1993c : cf . ) ; u - bar cave ( harris 1993c ) .
above , the desert pocket mouse is in a plastic bag ( photo by s . cobbold ) , before we take its measurements . since we never know what is going to be inside a trap , putting it in a clear plastic bag before handling it gives us a chance to take a look at the animal and to get a good grip on it so it doesn’t escape . sometimes we catch larger rodents ( which can bite ! ) or other non - rodent animals ( which could be venomous ! ) .
bailey ' s pocket mice range in mass from 24 to 38 g . males are slightly heavier than females , weighing in at an average of 28 . 2 g , compared to the average of 24 . 5 g for females . the total length of thse animals ranges between 176 and 240 mm , of which the tail contributes an additional 112 to 127 mm to the total length . they are considered the largest of the soft - haired pocket mice with crested tails . the pelage is grayish above , with varying degrees of yellow
washed in
. the under parts are whitish . the dental formula is i 1 / 1 c 0 / 0 p 1 / 1 m 3 / 3 20 .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
merriam’s kangaroo rat is the most common and widespread kangaroo rat in the sonoran desert . it inhabits washes , open grassland , and sandy soils of the desertscrub .
25 november : on this day in 1952 , ‘the mousetrap’ opened for the first time . from qi series j , episode 11 - ' jumpers ' with bill bailey , julian clary , ross noble and alan davies for more visit urltoken
there are many reasons why one kind of living thing may look like another . usually it’s simply because they’re related . but sometimes an organism mimics another’s appearance , thereby deceiving an unsuspecting third party . and sometimes living things come to resemble each other by adapting in similar ways to similar habitats or ways of life—a process called convergent evolution .
linzey , a . v . , timm , r . , álvarez - castañeda , s . t . , castro - arellano , i . & lacher , t .
linzey , a . v . , timm , r . , lvarez - castaeda , s . t . , castro - arellano , i . & lacher , t .
linzey , a . v . , timm , r . , ãlvarez - castaã±eda , s . t . , castro - arellano , i . & lacher , t .
blair , w . f . 1943 . populations of the deer mouse and associated small mammals in the mesquite associations of southern new mexico . contributions of the laboratory of vertebrate biology , university of michigan , no . 21 . 40 pp .
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linzey , a . v . , timm , r . , álvarez - castañeda , s . t . , castro - arellano , i . & lacher , t . 2016 .
iverson , s . l . 1967 . adaptations to arid environments in perognathus parvus ( peale ) . ph . d . thesis , univ . british columbia , vancouver . 130pp .
the pocket mice also search for seeds , but less widely than do the kangaroo rats . they carry the seeds in their cheek pouches for transport back to the burrow , where they are cached .
o ' farrell , m . j . 1978 . home range dynamics of rodents in a sagebrush community . j . mammal . 59 : 657 - 668 . reichman , o . j . 1975 . relation of desert rodent diets to available resources . j . mammal . 56 : 731 - 751 . reynolds , h . g . , and h . s . haskell . 1949 . life history notes on price and bailey pocket mice of southern arizona . j . mammal . 30 : 150 - 156 . wondolleck , j . t . 1978 . forage - area separation and overlap in heteromyid rodents . j . mammal . 59 : 510 - 518 .
merriam , c . h . , 1894 . descriptions of eight new pocket mice ( genus perognathus ) p . 262 . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , 46 : 262 - 268 .
linzey , a . v . ; timm , r . ; álvarez - castañeda , s . t . ; castro - arellano , i . & lacher , t . ( 2008 ) .
note : all species and ecological community data presented in natureserve explorer at urltoken were updated to be current with natureserve ' s central databases as of november 2016 . note : this report was printed on
25 november : on this day in 1952 , the mousetrap - the longest running show of the modern era - made its west end debut from qi series j , episode 11 - ' jumpers ' with bill bailey , julian clary , ross noble and alan davies . for more visit urltoken
i continue to be amazed at the “sea” of desert pocket mice ( chaetodipus penicillatus ) that seem to be taking over–we’re even encountering control plots , where kangaroo rats should be dominant , with no kangaroo rats at all ! amazing .
there are around 62 species of rodents in this family . despite their name , kangaroo rats and pocket mice are not rats or mice ! they are nocturnal and are found in western north america , central america , and south america .
riddle , b . r . 1995 . molecular biogeography in the pocket mice ( perognathus and chaetodipus ) and grasshopper mice ( onychomys ) : the late cenozoic development of a north american aridlands rodent guild . journal of mammalogy 76 : 283 - 301 .
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
thomas , j . r . , jr . 1975 . distribution , population densities , and home range requirements of the stephens ' kangaroo rat ( dipodomys stephensi ) . m . s . thesis , california state polytechnic university , ponoma . 64pp .
luckily , i had lots of help digging out rodent gates and collecting data by elita baldridge , a ph . d . student in ethan white’s lab who came to help out before we both headed to present at esa after field work was finished .
linzey , a . v . , timm , r . , álvarez - castañeda , s . t . & lacher , t . ( 2008 ) . chaetodipus baileyi . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 27 march 2009 .
, and live in burrows . pocket mice mostly eat seeds , using their
pockets ,
fur - lined , external cheek pouches , to bring seeds to their nests , where they store them in preparation for leaner times . the fur lining of the cheek pouches in members of the
© 2018 arizona - sonora desert museum 2021 n . kinney rd . , tucson az 85743 u . s . a . directions · hours & rates · 520 . 883 . 2702 · info @ urltoken jobs & volunteers · contact · faq · privacy · terms & conditions · accessibility
pocket mice are also well adapted to arid desert life . they seldom drink , and can conserve water in a number of ways . they spend the days underground in the burrow , where in summer the humidity is higher and the temperature lower than above ground . the entrance hole is usually plugged to keep the moisture from escaping to the dry air above . the kidneys of these rodents concentrate the urine to a viscous consistency , reducing water loss . when temperatures become extreme , some pocket mice go into a torpor , or estivate . these animals are solitary and defend small territories , often fighting when they encounter each other .
o ' farrell , t . p . , r . j . olson , r . o . gilbert , and j . d . hedlund . 1975 . a population of great basin pocket mice , perognathus parvus , in the shrub - steppe of south - central washington . ecological monographs 45 : 1 - 28 .
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
- - publisher ' s website .
kangaroo rats and pocket mice are all nocturnal , burrowing animals with external fur - lined cheek pouches for storing and transporting the seeds that are their primary food . they are all well adapted to living in arid environments since most of them never need to drink water . they also have efficient kidneys that can conserve precious fluids by concentrating the urine .
ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
jones , j . k . , jr . , r . s . hoffman , d . w . rice , c . jones , r . j . baker , and m . d . engstrom . 1992a . revised checklist of north american mammals north of mexico , 1991 . occasional papers , the museum , texas tech university , 146 : 1 - 23 .
many species in this family are found in deserts or grasslands . they have fur - lined cheek pouches , round eyes , and round ears . some species like the kangaroo rats , have long legs and long rear feet for jumping ! they have long tails with tufts of fur on the end . pocket mice are smaller than kangaroo rats and their don ' t have long rear legs and feet .
october is one of my favorite months to be at portal . the day and night temperatures seem perfect and the days are long enough to enjoy the scenery of the desert . because of this , it’s also one of the best times to introduce new portal volunteers to the site . throughout the project’s duration , many people have come to help with the rodent and plant censuses , and many of these people have not been graduate students or even biologists . this month , i was able to bring my mom , mary mohlman , who works at lincoln elementary school in hastings , ne . her students have actually been studying deserts this fall , so she was excited to learn about the rodents and to take lots of pictures to show the kids .
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
another of the generalist species that has been popping up this winter is the cactus mouse ( peromyscus eremicus ) . we even found a nesting pair in our trap shed this past month ! they were pretty cute , but since our trap shed has recently been inundated with other living things–pack rats and most recently , at least one rattlesnake and a badger living underneath the shed , i chased them out . i really don’t want the shed to seem like a larder for our resident rattlesnake . pictured below , is my volunteer of the month , loren sackett , from university of colorado at boulder .
kangaroo rats are such perfect examples of desert adaptation that it’s perhaps not surprising nature has arrived at similar designs more than once—a wonderful example of convergent evolution . there are small jumping rodents very much like kangaroo rats in old world deserts , including the jerboas and gerbils of africa and asia and certain hopping mice in australia . ( and in case you’re wondering , there are such things as “rat kangaroos”down under—but they’re something completely different ! )
baker , r . j . , l . c . bradley , r . d . bradley , j . w . dragoo , m . d . engstrom , r . s . hoffman , c . a . jones , f . reid , d . w . rice , and c . jones . 2003a . revised checklist of north american mammals north of mexico , 2003 . museum of texas tech university occasional papers 229 : 1 - 23 .
• behavior : kangaroo rats forage around the desert at night , sniffing out buried seeds , collecting as many as they can by stuffing them into their cheek pouches . these rodents forage in fairly large areas , as they hop along with their bipedal gait . banner - tailed and desert kangaroo rats store piles of seeds in their burrows , where the seeds can absorb up to 30 percent more moisture from the humid air . merriam’s doesn’t store seeds in burrows , but stores them instead in shallow surface caches scattered around its home range .
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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
includes subspecies c . b . baileyi and c . b . domensis . excludes subspecies now assigned to c . rudinoris ( riddle et al . 2000 ) .
justification : this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
this species is known from south arizona , southwestern new mexico ( usa ) , south to north sinaloa ( mexico ) ( patton 2005 ) .
this species is common . its population sizes respond to seed availability , growing in years of good rains and shrinking during droughts ( wilson and ruff 1999 ) . estimates of density vary from 2 . 2 to 86 . 1 animals per hectare ( paulson 1988 ) .
this errata assessment has been created because the map was accidentally left out of the version published previously .
( errata version published in 2017 ) . the iucn red list of threatened species 2016 : e . t4328a115068087 .
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in california , occurs in the southeastern corner of the state from banner ( san diego co . ) on the west of salton sea south to the border of mexico , and along the eastern edge of imperial co . at the colorado river . locally abundant in california , inhabiting rocky or gravelly slopes with low to moderate shrub cover . elevational range is 270 - 720 m ( 900 - 2400 ft ) .
burrow excavated at the base of a bush . underground nest of dried grasses and other plant parts is constructed in burrow .
water is obtained metabolically from green vegetation and seeds , and from moisture in food .
yearlong activity , although individuals may become torpid over short periods during high summer temperatures . nocturnal .
varies from 0 . 12 to 0 . 24 ha ( 0 . 30 to 0 . 59 ac ) , averaging 0 . 20 ha ( 0 . 49 ac ) ( reynolds and haskell 1949 , o ' farrell 1978 ) .
litter size averages 5 young . gestation is approximately 3 - 4 wk . under favorable conditions , young of the year may breed successfully .
written by : p . brylski , reviewed by : h . shellhammer , edited by : r . duke
) is coincidental with the sonoran desert . they inhabit the entire length of the baja california peninsula , along with some small coastal islands . the species ranges from far southwestern new mexico , along the southern part of arizona , to the extreme southern part of california . in mexico , the species is found from the western half of sonora to northern sinaloa .
although details are lacking for this species , other members of the genus are known to have gestation periods around 23 days . young are altricial at birth , but develop quickly . eyes are open by 18 days of age , and young are able to eat seeds by 24 days of age . weaning probably occurs around this time . it is likely that
information on parental care in this species is not available in the literature . however , as mammals , we know that the mother provides the growing young with milk , grooming , and protection . because members of this genus are altricial at birth , the mother probably constructs some type of nest , in which she keeps the young until they are able to venture forth on their own . in other members of the genus , young are able to consume seeds around the age of 24 days . it is likely that
is similar , and that the young become independent of the mother shortly after this age . male parental care has not been reported for these animals .
individuals are active all year round with peak activity in autumn . activity is reduced during december .
are known to use areas with shubs that serve as vegetative cover . the species is nocturnal , and these bushes probably help to protect them from predators . other members of the genus construct burrows , and
it is unlikely that these small , seed eating rodents have any direct economic impact on humans . however , they do serve as food for larger species which humans enjoy watching , so there is some indirect connection .
kevin schiebenes ( author ) , university of wisconsin - stevens point , chris yahnke ( editor , instructor ) , university of wisconsin - stevens point .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
in deserts low ( less than 30 cm per year ) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity . vegetation is typically sparse , though spectacular blooms may occur following rain . deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate . in dune areas vegetation is also sparse and conditions are dry . this is because sand does not hold water well so little is available to plants . in dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded by the influence of salt in the air and soil . salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
places a food item in a special place to be eaten later . also called
hoarding
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
iucn . 2002 .
2002 iucn red list of threatened species
( on - line ) . accessed 11 / 25 / 02 at urltoken .
natureserve . 2001 .
chaetodipus baileyi
( on - line ) . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life . accessed november 25 , 2002 at urltoken .
unep - wcmc . 2002 .
unep - wcmc species database : cites - listed species
( on - line ) . accessed 11 / 25 / 02 at urltoken .
to cite this page : schiebenes , k . 2004 .
chaetodipus baileyi
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
mammal species of the world ( opens in a new window ) . mammalian species , american society of mammalogists ' species account ( opens in a new window ) .
global range : southwestern north america . extreme southern california , southern arizona , extreme southwestern new mexico , baja california ( including several small coastal islands ) , and northwestern mainland of mexico south to northern sinaloa .
burt , w . , r . grossenheider . 1980 . peterson field guides : mammals . new york , new york , usa : houghton mifflin company .
sexual dimorphism : males are larger than females . length : average : 211 mm males ; 201 mm females range : 206 - 240 mm males ; 176 - 228 mm females weight : average : 28 . 2 g males ; 24 . 5 g females
comments : low desert , sparsely vegetated flats and rocky slopes ; plants present include mesquite , jojoba , brittlebush , palo verde , ocotillo , and grasses in some areas ( hoffmeister 1986 ) . nests are in underground burrows .
non - migrant : yes . at least some populations of this species do not make significant seasonal migrations . juvenile dispersal is not considered a migration .
locally migrant : no . no populations of this species make local extended movements ( generally less than 200 km ) at particular times of the year ( e . g . , to breeding or wintering grounds , to hibernation sites ) .
locally migrant : no . no populations of this species make annual migrations of over 200 km .
comments : dietary generalist ; eats mainly seeds of various plants , also varying amounts of insects and green vegetation ( paulson 1988 ) .
chaetodipus baileyi is prey of : strigiformes serpentes taxidea taxus canis latrans this list may not be complete but is based on published studies .
chaetodipus baileyi preys on : insecta this list may not be complete but is based on published studies .
home range size is probably less than 1 acre ( burt and grossenheider 1964 ) . population density estimates range from about 17 to 86 per ha under various conditions ( paulson 1988 ) .
comments : active all year ; some reduction in activity in winter ( paulson 1988 ) .
pregnancy peaks in spring and late summer - fall ; drought may inhibit reproduction . litter size averages 3 - 4 in southeastern arizona . young - of - year occasionally breed in late summer ( paulson 1988 ) .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there are 3 barcode sequences available from bold and genbank .
below is a sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
mcknight , m . ( global mammal assessment team ) & amori , g . ( small nonvolant mammal red list authority )
this species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , presumed large population , and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category .
iucn . 2002 .
2002 iucn red list of threatened species
( on - line ) . accessed 11 / 25 / 02 at urltoken ; = phrase & criteria ; = wholedb & taxa ; _ species = 1 & redlistcategory ; % 5b % 5d = all & country ; % 5b % 5d = all & regions ; % 5b % 5d = all & aquatic ; % 5b % 5d = all & submit . x ; = 29 & submit . y ; = 10 .
natureserve . 2001 .
chaetodipus baileyi
( on - line ) . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life . accessed november 25 , 2002 at urltoken ; = tabular _ report . wmt & loadtemplate ; = species _ rptcomprehensive . wmt & selectedreport ; = rptcomprehensive . wmt & summaryview ; = tabular _ report . wmt & elkey ; = 101724 & paging ; = home & save ; = true & startindex ; = 1 & nextstartindex ; = 1 & reset ; = false & offpageselectedelkey ; = 101724 & offpageselectedeltype ; = species & offpageyesno ; = true & post ; _ processes = & radiobutton ; = radiobutton & selectedindexes ; = 101724 & menuselectfooter ; = none .
unep - wcmc . 2002 .
unep - wcmc species database : cites - listed species
( on - line ) . accessed 11 / 25 / 02 at urltoken ; = chaetodipus & spcname ; = baileyi & cfnocache ; = true .
patton , j . l . 2005 . family heteromyidae . pp . 844–858 in mammal species of the world a taxonomic and geographic reference . d . e . wilson and d . m . reeder eds . johns hopkins university press , baltimore .
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you can copy this taxon into another guide . if you are one of the editors of this guide it should copy everything , but if you ' re not , it will only copy the licensed content .
this view of the study site shows the cattle fence surrounding the site in the foreground . the long silvery fence toward the top of the photo is plot fence .
established in 1977 , the portal ltreb was set up to study interspecific interactions between seed - eating rodents and ants , as well as community vegetation structure through time .
located in an arid grassland , the site is desert shrubland ecotone , 7 km east of portal , arizona . a relatively consistant chihuahuan desert scrub vegetation covers the area . soil is a fairly homogeneous mixture of alluvial boulders mixed with and overlaid by finer particles . terrain is relatively flat except where it is dissected by several temporary watercourses . vegetation varies from open grassy areas , to stands of widely spaced shrubs ( gutierrezia , ephedra , flourensia ) , to dense stands of trees ( acacia and prosopis ) .
the site comprises about 20 ha divided into 24 plots , each 50 x 50 meters in size and randomly assigned to different treatments : removal of some or all rodent or ant species , or addition of supplementary seeds . while plots initially assigned seed additions , and plots assigned some of the other treatments were changed to additional replicates of rodent and ant removal treatments in 1988 , several plots have had all rodents , just kangaroo rats , or all ants removed contiuously while other plots have served as unmanipulated controls for the entire two - decade period .
initial design and changes in treatments made in 1986 and 1988 are included in a table downloadable in the meta data .
we have data collection standardized , so that there are no changes in methodology to diminish the value of our long - term data sets .
in july 1977 , plots were laid out in a 7 x 7 grid , with 6 . 25 m separating each of the conspicuous and permanently placed metal grid stakes .
rodents are trapped during a 2 - or 3 - night period each month as near as possible to the new moon . trapping is done by baiting a single sherman live trap at each grid stake for one night . each plot has 49 traps set .
captured individuals are weighed , sex and reproductive status determined , and hind foot length is measured . they are marked , formerly with ear tags or toe clips and now with pit ( permanently implanted transponder ) tags , then released .
pogonomyrmex species on each plot and colony entrances of the other species within a circle of 2 - m radius around 49 grid stakes .
annual plants are censused each spring and fall , at the end of the winter and summer growing seasons , respectively , by counting individuals on 16 quadrats per plot , each 0 . 25 m 2 in area and located 1 m south of alternate grid stakes .
similarly standardized and spatially referenced methods have been used at less frequent intervals to census birds , quantify seed removal by rodents , birds and ants , measure grass and perennial shrub cover , and collect other relevant data .
in addition to standardizing data collection protocols , efforts are taken at minimizing human activities on the study site and its organisms and to ensure that the unavoidable impacts are equal across all plots and experimental treatments .
for example , we confine foot traffic to east - west running trails along each row of grid stakes and ensure all plots receive equal amounts of rodent trap bait and foot traffic .
) in size and general appearance but lacks the stiff spines that that species has among the hairs on its rump .
its coloring is also distinctive ; the dorsal surface is gray faintly lined with buff giving a drab appearance , the sides are gray and the underparts are white , with a fine buff line delineating the margin between sides and belly .
) which fall to the ground , but it does not eat the pulp of the cactus fruit .
castro - arellano , i . & vázquez , e . ( 2008 ) .
. in wilson , d . e . ; reeder , d . m .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 11 / 7 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
all three of these kangaroo rats have long tails and large hind feet with 4 toes . ( some other species have 5 toes . ) they also have large heads with big eyes , small ears and external , fur - lined cheek pouches .
the banner - tailed kangaroo rat is one of the largest kangaroo rats , weighing up to 4h ounces ( 128 g ) . it is light brown or buff - colored with a white underside . the tail is black towards the end , but has a white tip .
the desert kangaroo rat is similar to the banner - tailed in size ; it also has a white tip on the tail , but its fur is more yellowish .
the banner - tailed kangaroo rat lives in open desertscrub , creosote bush flats , open grasslands and sandy places . it favors a sparse covering of grasses , interspersed with a few mesquite trees and cacti .
the desert kangaroo rat is found in the driest parts of the sonoran desert , among sand dunes and creosote flats .
the sonoran desert kangaroo rats are remarkable in not needing to drink water , even though their diet is almost entirely composed of dry seeds . they survive almost entirely on water metabolized from the seeds they eat . the rats prefer seeds high in carbohydrates , from which they can produce a half gram of water from each gram of seed eaten . they even bathe without water , keeping their shiny fur clean by taking dust baths in the sand .
kangaroo rats are adapted to a bipedal gait with large , strong hind legs and big feet . they can jump up to 9 feet ( 2 . 75 m ) in one bound , an effective aid in escaping predators . the long tail is used as a counterbalance while the rat hops and leaps about .


goniaea australasiae is a species of grasshopper in the family acrididae .

experiments have been carried out with g. australasiae to study the time of genetic recombination in relation to the sequence of stages in meiosis , the relationship of chiasmata to crossing over , and the mechanism of recombination .

combined cytological and autoradiographic analyses of meiosis showed that crossing over is achieved by breakage and exchange of segments of nonsister , homologous chromatids , and each such exchange event results in the formation of a cytologically visible chiasma .

the meiotic stage at which this form of recombination takes place has been identified as “ early pachytene , ” and it is well removed from premeiotic chromosome duplication .

goniaea australasiae

this is the place for australasiae definition . you find here australasiae meaning , synonyms of australasiae and images for australasiae copyright 2017 © urltoken
rentz , d . c . f . 1996 . grasshopper country . the abundant orthopteroid insects of australia 188 pl . 313 > > goniaea australasiae
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word australasiae . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word australasiae and , of course , australasiae synonyms and on the right images related to the word australasiae .
goniaea australasiae , gumleaf grasshopper . location : australia , victoria , grampians national park , camp cooinda burrong . survey : museum victoria & parks victoria grampians bioscan , grb 2012 . station no . 151 .
rentz , d . c . f . , r . c . lewis , y . su & upton [ ed . ] . 2003 . a guide to australian grasshoppers and locusts 246 , 385 > > goniaea australasiae
goniaea vocans is a species of grasshopper in the family acrididae . = = synonyms = = the following are synonyms of this species : . . .
leach . 1814 . the zoological miscellany ; being descriptions of new , or interesting animals 1 : 56 > > gryllus australasiae urn : lsid : orthoptera . speciesfile . org : taxonname : 58615
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
sjöstedt , y . 1921 ,
acridiodea australica . monographie der bisher von australien bekamiten heuschrecken mit kurzen fühlern
, kongliga svenska vetenskaps - academiens nya handlingar , stockholm , vol . 62 , no . 3 , pp . 1 - 318
tepper , j . g . o . 1896 ,
orthoptera
, ed . spencer , b . ( ed . ) , report on the work of the horn scientific expedition to central australia , part ii . zoology , pp . 357 - 379 , melville , mullen & slade , melbourne
sjöstedt , y . 1930 ,
australische acrididen aus dem museum zu adelaide
, arkiv för zoologi , vol . 21a , no . 21 , pp . 1 - 35 , 7 pls
sjöstedt , y . 1936 ,
revision der australischen acridiodeen 2 . monographie
, kongliga svenska vetenskaps - academiens nya handlingar , stockholm , ser . 3 , vol . 15 , no . 2 , pp . 1 - 191 2 pls
sjöstedt , y . 1920 ,
results of dr e . mjöberg ' s swedish scientific expeditions to australia 1910–1913 . 20 . acridiodea
, arkiv för zoologi , vol . 12 , no . 20 , pp . 1 - 67
brancsik , c . 1896 ,
orthoptera quaedam nova africana et australica
, jahresheft naturwissenscheftlichen vereins des trencsiner comitat , vol . 17–18 , pp . 243 - 262
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 30dfcca6 - 8f44 - 4913 - b8ad - 0dda0533b8be
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 379464
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the gumleaf grasshopper is brown in colour , camouflages as a dry gum leaf . they are also known as
adult is characteristic by the prominent arched crest on thorax , it is sharp , together with the colour , resemble dry gum leaf . we found the above adult grasshopper in the gum tree forest in mt cotton . the grasshopper usually resting on ground among the dead dry leaves .
both male and female of gumleaf grasshoppers are fully winged . males are smaller in size . when disturbed , they jump and fly to about a few meters away . when flying , we saw their bright yellow - orange abdomen and hind wings .
which has a distinct cut on the median carina of the pronotum ( the crest of thorax ) .
they usually rest on ground among dry fallen leaves during the day . they move up and feed on green leaves during the night .
when bushwalking in white hill , we found two gum leaf grasshopper nymphs , they have two different colour forms . one was greyish - brown and the other was orange - brown , same as the adult . they feed on both dry and fresh gum leaves .
- the abundant orthopteroid insects of australia , d rentz , unsw press , 1996 , p188 .
- dcf rentz , rc lewis , yn su and ms upton , 2003 , p246 .
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when disturbed , these grasshoppers use their strong legs to first jump away , then they fly a few metres . the nymphs are wingless versions of the adults .
orange - grey body , males up to 35 mm in length and females up to 52 mm in length . both males and females have wings .
the department of environment and primary industry ( depi ) advisory list consists of non - statutory advisory lists of rare or threatened flora and fauna within victoria .
the flora and fauna guarantee act 1988 ( ffg act ) lists threatened species in victoria . under the act , an action statement is produced for each listed species .
the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 ( epbc act ) is the australian government’s key piece of environmental legislation , listing nationally threatened native species and ecological communities .
the colour and shape of this grasshopper camouflages it amongst the fallen eucalypt leaves on the ground where it lives .
a range of teacher professional learning programs will be developed to accompany the biodiversity of the western volcanic plains online outreach . . .
the friends of queens park bushland ( fqpb ) is a community group of volunteers .
our aim is to help the community connect with nature through protecting , regenerating and revegetating the bushland where the suburbs of queens park , east cannington and welshpool intersect .
distribution : from port hedland to the south australian border near eucla in western australia . widespread in the rest of australia .
description : males measure up to 35 millimetres long , females up to 52 millimetres .
notes : this grasshopper resembles dried leaves . it can be found feeding on the green leaves of acacias and eucalypts after dark .
references : a guide to australian grasshoppers and locusts . dcf rentz , rc lewis , yn su and ms upton . 2003
this specimen is a 4th instar and shows the wings developing . the wings grow slightly larger every time the grasshopper sheds its skin to grow .
the grampians bioscan was the second major biodiversity survey in the bioscan series - a partnership between museum victoria and parks victoria to conduct rapid surveys of biodiversity within victorian national parks . bioscans are held across a two week period and bring together museum victoria ' s scientific expertise and parks victoria ' s local knowledge and land management expertise . bioscans provide a snapshot of faunal diversity and can result in exciting discoveries about the species inhabiting the parks . in addition to fauna surveys , bioscans can include geology , palaeontology and botany surveys , and heritage research . each bioscan also includes community engagement and public relations components . bioscans aim to enrich our understanding of the natural heritage values of victoria ' s national parks , to engage local communities , to celebrate biodiversity and to identify avenues for further research and collaboration .
the grampians bioscan ran from 18 - 19 november 2012 . the team comprised 65 scientists , park managers and research volunteers representing museum victoria , parks victoria , the entomological society of victoria , the national herbarium of victoria and the arthur rylah institute for environmental research . over the twelve day period the teams surveyed 285 sites across the grampians national park and black range state park surveying the terrestrial vertebrate fauna , terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna , flora and geology as well as carrying out heritage research and running public engagement activities .
australia , victoria , grampians national park , cooinda burrong scout camp and surrounds .
unknown rounded pronotum ridge is distinctive . colour changes depending on environment - although this looks as it is on corrugated iron at neds . probably 3rd or possibly 4th instar .
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the gumleaf grasshopper is brown in colour , camouflages as a dry gum leaf . they are also known as dead leaf grasshoppers . we usually find them on the ground with the dry gum tree leaves when bushwalking in eucalyptus forest .
adult is characteristic by the prominent arched crest on thorax , it is sharp , together with the colour , resembles dry gum leaf . the grasshopper is usually resting on the ground among the dead dry leaves .
both male and female of gumleaf grasshoppers are fully winged . males are smaller in size . when disturbed , they jump and fly to about a few meters away . when flying , you see their bright yellow - orange abdomen and hind wings .
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word ensicornis . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word ensicornis and , of course , ensicornis synonyms and on the right images related to the word ensicornis .
wheat sawfly wheat sawfly ( a ) a small european sawfly ( cephus pygm [ ae ] us ) whose larva does great injury to wheat by boring in the stalks . ( b ) any of several small american sawflies of the genus dolerus , as d . sericeus and d . arvensis , whose larv [ ae ] injure the stems or heads of wheat . ( c ) pachynematus extensicornis , whose larv [ ae ] feed chiefly on the blades of wheat ; - - called also grass sawfly .
- like oryx tao , o . leucoryx , o . damma , o . dammah , o .
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compacta capitalis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by grote in 1881 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from maryland to florida , west to texas and possibly colorado , north to illinois .

the wingspan is about 35 mm .

the forewings are forewing are white with a reddish-brown shading at the base and along the inner margin and two black discal spots , as well as an irregular subterminal line .

there is a dark apical blotch on both wings .

adults are on wing from may to august .

compacta capitalis

a compacta capitalis collected in allegany co . , maryland ( 6 / 6 / 1988 ) . photo by john glaser . ( mbp list )
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
polygrammodes posticata forbes , 1923 - forbes calls this
variety posticata grote and robinson
. however , botis posticata grote & robinson 1867 : 22 was later synonymized with achyra rantalis .
forbes , w . t . m . 1923 primitive forms microlepidoptera , pyraloids , bombyces .
grote , a . r . 1881 .
article 10 - north american moths , with a preliminary catalogue of the species of hadena and polia .
bulletin of the united states geological and geographical survey of the territories 6 ( 2 ) : 272
the lepidoptera of new york and neighboring states william t . m . forbes . 1923 . cornell university , ithaca , new york ; memoir 68 .
annotated check list of the pyraloidea ( lepidoptera ) of america north of mexico scholtens , b . g . , solis , a . m . 2015 . zookeys 535 : 1–136 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 535 . 6086 .
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wings translucent pearly white with narrow blackish brown lines and small , hollow orbicular spot .
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[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico
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