bombus wurflenii is a species of bumblebee found in several parts of central and northern europe to turkey and the crimea peninsula in the southeast .

bombus wurflenii

kari pihlaviita added the finnish common name
vuorimetsäkimalainen
to
bombus wurflenii radoszkowski , 1860
.
bombus wurflenii is a western palearctic species . it is a mountain species . in the peninsula iberica , is distributed by the cordillera cantabrica and the pirineos .
bombus wurflenii includes seven subspecies distributed by the western palearctic realm , own the caucasus and northwestern anatolia . in our country there is only the subspecies ssp . pyrenaicus .
über die bahnflüge der männchen der gattungen bombus und psithyrus ( bombidae hymenopt . )
wyniki obserwacji nad przegryzaniem kwiatów przez trzmiele – bombus latr . ( hym . apoidea )
the bombus latr . and psithyrus lep . fauna of the polish part of the tatry mountains
neuroanatomical organization of the antennal afferent pathway in bumblebees males and females ( bombus sp . )
florewing plants preferred by bumblebees ( bombus latr . ) in the botanical garden of medicinal plants . . .
aggregations of male bombus muscorum ( hymenoptera : apidae ) at mature nests . incestuous brothers or amorous suitors ?
ökologische studien an mittel - und südeuropäischen hummeln ( bombus latr . , 1802 ) ( hym . , apidae )
inter - tegular span and head width as estimators of fresh and dry body mass in bumblebees ( bombus spp . )
biliński m . 1970 . wyniki obserwacji nad przegryzaniem kwiatów przez trzmiele – bombus latr . ( hym . apoidea ) . polskie pismo entomologiczne 40 ( 1 ) : 107–123 .
dylewska m . 1958 . the bombus latr . and psithyrus lep . fauna of the polish part of the tatry mountains . acta zoologica cracoviensia 3 ( 5 ) : 137–197 .
bombus wurflenii radoszkowski , 1859 : baliteau et al . ( 2013 ) [ [ sans objet ] ] baliteau , l . , iserbyt , s . , mahé , g . , rasmont , p . , le goff , g . , pauly , a . & scheuchl , e . 2013 . contribution à l ' inventaire des abeilles sauvages du département de l ' aveyron ( france ) ( hymenoptera , apoidea ) . bulletin de la société entomologique de france , 118 ( 3 ) : 343 - 362 .
wszystkie gatunki pszczół ( apoidea ) , w tym także trzmiele ( bombus latr . ) objęte ochroną prawną , potrzebują pożywienia w postaci pyłku i nektaru przez cały sezon wegetacyjny . pokarm zapewniają im jedynie rośliny kwiatowe , które poprzez zapach , barwę i budowę korony przyciągają do siebie trzmiela wyposażonego w odpowiedni aparat gębowy . tworzy to system wzajemnych , subtelnych powiązań w relacji . . . [ show full abstract ]
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bulletin of the natural history museum ( entomology ) , vol . 67 , no . 1
type status : other material . occurrence : occurrenceremarks : on rhinanthus glacialis personnat ; recordedby : s . bossert ; individualcount : 1 ; sex : 1 female ; location : country : austria ; stateprovince : tyrol ; locality : zemmgrund ; verbatimelevation : 1972 m ; decimallatitude : 47 . 021912 ; decimallongitude : 11 . 812132 ; event : samplingprotocol : manual catch ; eventdate : 07 - 05 - 12 ; habitat : alpine meadow
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boreomontane species . in slovenia in the alpine and dinaric regions , and on mts . vremščica and nanos ( sub - mediterranean region ) .
female on prunella grandiflora . ratitovec , razor , 1460 m , july 2010 .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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literatura alford d . v . 1975 . bumblebees . d . poynter , london , 352 ss .
dittrich r . 1903 . verzeichnis der bisher in schleichen aufgefunden hymenopteren . i .
dylewska m . 1966 . the apoidea of the babia góra mountain . acta zoologica cracoviensia 11 : 111–175 .
głowaciński z . , nowacki j . ( red ) . 2004 . czerwona księga zwierząt – bezkręgowce . instytut ochrony przyrody pan , kraków , 448 ss .
jabłoński b . 1974 . wpływ przegryzania przez trzmiele kwiatów koniczyny czerwonej na zawiązywanie nasion . pszelnicze zeszyty naukowe 18 : 229–235 .
løken a . 1949 . bumble bees in relations to aconitum septentrionale in central norway ( oeyer ) . nytt magasin for naturviedenskapene 87 : 1–60 .
based on current research the agglomerations are potentially desirable habitats for bumblebees . however , the relationship between the biodiversity of these bees and the green areas where they live is poorly understood . the aim of the study was to estimate the influence of green areas ( ranging from 8 to 102 ha ) of big cities on bumblebee species richness , composition , and the relative number of . . . [ show full abstract ]
due to fewer bumblebees in rural areas these days , it is necessary to look for alternative habitats for the active protection of these very important pollinators . the research was carried out in the botanical garden of medicinal plants , in wrocław , poland . in the garden , approximately 2000 plant species were cultivated , of which 185 were visited by bumblebees . amongst them , 57 plant species . . . [ show full abstract ]
stwierdzenie obecności xylocopa violacea ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ( hymenoptera : apiformes ) na obszarze wrocł . . .
dzikie pszczoły w mieście i możliwości ich protekcji wild bees in city and possibilities of their pr . . .
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black head and vertex , and yellow collar , scutellum . red gaster . black pins .
females : short and wide head . very convex jaw , with six curved teeth . short and transvere malar space , finely stippled . the genas has a dorsal groove . prominent labral tubers , pointy and very dotted . deep and wide labral groove . almost straight blade . the clypeus is short and wide , prominent adn convex , with discreet dotted at the disk . ill - defined apical impressions , very sculpted . acute middle basitarsus . on the hind legs , weakly crosslinked tibia and with hair only in the proximal third . wide basitarsus . e6 intensely dotted .
genitalia : external projections of the sting case are narrow , dorsally dilated . internal projections are simple and slightly widened at the bottom .
males : short head , and transverse malar space . this malar space is covered by a short and yellow pubescence . very pubescent jaws , with a long and dense beard , and with a dorsal tooth and two small central tooth in the distal edge . short , wide and prominent clypeus , very dotted . elongated middle basitarsus , with parallel sides and it is provided , in the posterior edge , of long setae . on the hind legs , slightly convex and hairless tibia , situated in distal position . the basitarsus has the posterior dorsal edge sharp but not spiny . e6 slightly truncated and thickened at apex . wide and truncated e6 without windows . elongated and wide e8 .
genitalia : elongated and oval . narrow and sickle sagittae , with a tooth on the lower region . wide and long sickle . long and convex stipes . rounded escuamas , mitt shaped , grooved on the dorsal surface . long volselas , with parallel sides and notched at apex .
the nest is on the ground , among rocks or vegetation or in burrows .
it has been collected in fabaceae , lamiaceae , ericaceae , asteraceae , boraginaceae and escrophulariaceae .
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williams , p . h . ( 1998 ) an annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description ( hymenoptera : apidae , bombini ) : bulletin of the natural history museum ( entomology ) , vol . 67 , no . 1
williams , p . h . , 1998 : an annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description ( hymenoptera : apidae , bombini ) . bulletin of the natural history museum ( entomology ) , vol . 67 , no . 1 . 79 - 152 .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all . . .
barcode of life data systems ( bolds ) stats public records : 9 specimens . . .
this article is about the bramble fruit . for the tree fruit . . .
we are grateful to g . troiano ( distav , university of genoa ) for insect identification . special thanks to r . poggi ( genoa natural science museum ) for providing the insects used for measurements . we thank the anonymous reviewers and editor for their valuable comments .
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burnat e . ( 1897 ) notes sur les jardins botaniques alpins . bulletins des travaux de la société murithienne du valais 26 ( append ) : 1–16
conti f , manzi a , pedrotti f ( 1992 ) libro rosso delle piante d’italia . wwf , roma
conti f , manzi a , pedrotti f ( 1997 ) liste rosse regionali delle piante d’italia . wwf , camerino
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eckert cg , kalisz s , geber ma , sargent r , elle e , cheptou p - o , goodwillie c , johnston mo , kelly jk , moeller da , porcher e , ree rh , vallejo - marin m , winn aa ( 2010 ) plant mating systems in a changing world . trends ecol evol 25 : 35–43
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gilman rt , fabina ns , abbott kc , rafferty ne ( 2012 ) evolution of plant–pollinator mutualisms in response to climate change . evol appl 5 : 2–16
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internicola ai , bernasconi g , gigord ldb ( 2008 ) should food - deceptive species flower before or after rewarding species ? an experimental test of pollinator visitation behaviour under contrasting phenologies . j evol biol 21 : 1358–1365
( caryophyllaceae ) , effects of habitat fragmentation on visitation and seed set . conserv biol 2 : 359–366
johnson sd , steiner ke ( 2000 ) generalisation versus specialization in plant pollination systems . trends ecol evol 15 : 140–143
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on a visitation by a queen bumblebee , measured with a semi - natural experimental system . plant species biol 17 : 1–12
, a plant endemic to maritime alps . bollettino dei musei ed istituti biologici dell’università di genova 74 : 38–54
olivier l , galland jp , maurin h ( 1995 ) livre rouge de la flore menacée de france . tome i : espèces prioritaires . collection patrimoines naturels ( série patrimoine génétique ) . n°20 . spn - iegb / mnhn , dnp / ministère environnement , cbn porquerolles , paris , 486 pp
( rubiaceae ) endemic to la reunion island . am j bot 84 : 315–327
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r development core team ( 2009 ) r : a language and environment for statistical computing . r foundation for statistical computing , vienna , austria .
sanchez jm , ferrero v , navarro l ( 2008 ) a new approach to the quantification of degree of reciprocity in distylous ( sensu lato ) plant populations . ann bot lond 102 : 463–472
( l . ) hill ( primulaceae ) , with a study of flowering phenology and pollen flow . bot j linn soc 86 : 261–274
and effects of flower density and population size on pollination efficiency . j syst evol 46 : 537–544
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thompson jd , arroyo j ( 2009 ) variations on a darwinian theme : evolutionary transitions to heterostyly . in : cristofolini g , managlia a ( eds ) il giardino di darwin . l’evoluzione delle piante . umberto allemandi & c , torino , pp186–200
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minuto , l . , guerrina , m . , roccotiello , e . et al . j plant res ( 2014 ) 127 : 141 . urltoken
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the visual system of bumblebees consists of three simple eyes ( ocelli ) and two large apposition compound eyes for spatial and colour vision . apposition compound eyes , however , are limited with respect to spatial resolving power and light sensitivity ( land , 1997 ; kelber et al . , 2006 ) . to overcome at least some of the limitations of this eye type , regional specializations in eye design ( e . g . acute zones , land , 1997 ) and neural circuitry ( theobald et al . , 2006 ) have evolved .
we measured its and the length of the first discoidal cell of the forewing in all study specimens . our measurements indicate that the higher its / wing length ratio in perching species results from broader thoraxes , rather than shorter wings , and thus using the wing measure seems more appropriate as body measure ( fig . s1 , see discussion below ) .
ommatidia numbers were determined by manually marking all facets of the eye replica in imagej . to measure facet lens diameters we measured a row of five ommatidia in all three axes and calculated the mean diameter ( kapustjanskij et al . , 2007 ) . measurements were performed on the largest facets , which are usually located in the frontoventral region of the eye .
to illustrate the facet size distribution we created eye maps of one worker and one male of all species . to create the maps , ommatidia centre coordinates were used to estimate facet diameters from the distance between neighbouring facets using customized workflows ( streinzer et al . , 2013a ) in imagej , meshlab ( visual computing lab–isri–cnr , urltoken ) , and coreldraw x5 ( corel corporation ) .
body and eye parameters were compared between and within species using a nonparametric kruskal−wallis h - test . eye measures were divided by first discoidal cell length to correct for body size differences amongst specimens . values representing areas ( eye surface area ) were square - root transformed prior to body size correction . all p - values below the 5 % level were considered to be statistically significant . statistical analyses were performed with statistica 10 ( statsoft inc . , ok , usa ) .
values are reported as means , sd is given in parentheses , followed by sample size in brackets .
functionally , enlarged eyes permit a general improvement of both spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity . the large frontal facets further suggest the development of an acute zone with very high spatial resolution and contrast sensitivity ( land , 1997 ) . the queens are probably detected against the sky , which is suggested by the fact that the frontal eye region looks up into the sky during perching behaviour ( own observations ) . additionally , neuronal pooling strategies and differences in photoreceptor physiology may improve the target detection abilities of males in perching species ( menzel , wunderer & stavenga , 1991 ; straw , warrant & o ' carroll , 2006 ) .
m . s . and j . s . designed the study and collected samples , m . s . collected and analysed the data and drafted the manuscript . j . s . commented on the draft . both authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript .
untersuchungen zur kenntnis der hummelfauna des pamir - hochlandes . zoologische ergebnisse der deutsch - russischen alai - pamir - expedition der notgemeinschaft der deutschen wissenschaft und der akademie der wissenschaften der u . d . s . s . r
figure s2 . eye maps of all study species . eye maps of one worker ( left ) and a male ( right ) illustrating the distribution of facet lens diameters across the eye surface in all study species . all maps are to scale . the orientation bar applies to all maps : d , dorsal ; f , frontal ; l , lateral ; v , ventral .
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eilema fulminans is a moth of the family arctiidae .

it was described by de toulgoët in 1960 .

it is found in central madagascar .

this species has a wingspan of 29-31mm .

the head , frons , palpi and thorax are red-orange .

forewings are red-orange .

eilema fulminans

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eilema auriflua is a moth of the family arctiidae found in india ( bengal , assam , sikkim ) .
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madagascar central , ambatolampy district , ampalomita , e . of belanitra , 07 . v . 1965 , leg . p . griveaud .
holotype ♂ , genitalia slide de toulgoët m . 180 , mnhn ; allotype ♀ , mnhn .
toulgoët h . 1960 . description d ' arctiides nouvelles de madagascar ( lepid . ) ( 11e note ) . - le naturaliste malgache 11 ( 1959 ) ( 1—2 ) : 111—121 , pl . 4 .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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to date 683 species of macro - moth along with 1159 species of micro - moth have been recorded in norfolk since records began in victorian times . this site aims to provide full details of all the species that occur ( or once occurred ) in norfolk , with photographs , descriptions , flight graphs , latest records , distribution maps and more !
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underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
after a 2011 revision , all the species but one , e . caniola , have been moved to other genera .
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cheilosia albitarsis is an abundant european species of hoverfly .

adults can be found in spring visiting buttercup flowers and this plant is also the larval hostplant .

cheilosia albitarsis

namngivning : cheilosia albitarsis ( meigen , 1822 ) . originalbeskrivning : syrphus albitarsis . systematische beschreibung 3 : 290 . synonym : eristalis innupta ( zetterstedt , 1843 ) . det har ibland föreslagits att musca bardus harris , [ 1780 ] skulle vara synonym med c . albitarsis , vilket dock har visat sig felaktigt ( doczkal 2000 ) . etymologi : albitarsis = vitfotad ; albus ( lat . ) = vit ; tarsos ( gr . ) = fotled , fotsula , fot ; syftar på framfötternas tre kontrasterande ljusa mittsegment . uttal : [ tjejlósia albitársis ]
cheilosia albitarsis and cheilosia ranunculi are very similar and can often only be safely determined by detailed examination . for this reason we have treated the two species as an aggregate . they are robust with a short broad abdomen . in sunlight the thorax may be seen as metallic dark blue / green . the abdomen is more of a duller grey / bronze colour .
according to records on the nbn database cheilosia albitarsis would appear to be by far the more common of the two species and is widespread in britain , but it is not known how many of these records were ones where the species identification had been determined by detailed examination .
10 . a tars 1 : middle segments pale . male : frons flat , not swollen in profile ; 3rd antennal segment 1 . 5 times as longs as wide . female : 3rd antennal segment large and red , without furrow . smaller : 5 - 8 mm . holarctic - > cheilosia pagana meigen 10 . b . tars 1 : middle segments black to brown . male : frons swollen in profile ; 3rd antennal segment as long as wide . female : 3rd antennal segment red , on anterior side with a distinct furrow . larger : 8 - 9mm . central europe , sweden . - > cheilosia hercyniae
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the book contains identification keys to virtually all hoverfly species of northwest europe and is written in english . northwest europe ranges from great britain in the west to the german - polish border in the east , and from the loire in the south to the north pole in the north . the books of van der goot ( 1981 , ' zweefvliegen van noordwest europa , in het bijzonder de benelux ' ) and verlinden ( 1991 , syrphidae in the series belgische fauna ) are the core of the book . the vast amount of literature since 1981 and the collection at the zoological museum amsterdam have been used to modify and extend keys . new keys have been build for genera that changed markedly the past 20 years . it is published by the knnv publishing , where it can be ordered .
in 2010 , the second edition was published . it was improved with the addendum to the 2004 - edition that is given below . i also considered the impressive work of bartsch ( 2009a and b ) on the nordic hoverflies in the update . regrettably , syrph - the - net refers only to the 2004 - edition . please note that the second edition is revised and extended .
unfortunately , i did not have the time to follow the new species and identification improvements of the period since 2010 .
to my dismay , the book contains a number of typing errors . these are , as honest as possible , reported here if they concern the keys and the figures . in addition , new species have been added and revisions have been carried out . i try to follow them and provide guidance how the change the keys in the book here .
brachyopa . doczkal and dziock ( 2004 ) added two species in volucella 7 . these are added in the brachyopa addendum . this addition is relevant for europe as a whole . the keys now contain all european brachyopa .
the species differs from ch . impressa by the following : -
the front coxa being without a hook
( in de diagnosis ) , repeated in the description as
procoxa without lateral hook
.
if i interpret their taxonomical remarks rightly , they state that ch . fasciata in finland has the tibia completely black . that is in contrast to ch . fasciata in the netherlands and belgium , which have the base of their tibia yellowish . may be cold winter temperatures cause this difference .
in sweden , a species here fore known from mountainous regions and therefore omitted in the book . it would key out tot
. change item 9 in the pagana - group ( p . 59 ) as follows .
9 . a males and females . sternites shiny , without dust - > 10
. change 2 on page 57 ( pagana - group ) to the following to add characteristics .
2 . a . wing : base hyaline , brownish or blackish ; face : black . female : scutellum at least black on front half - > 3
2 . b . wing : base yellow ; face partly yellow ; female : scutellum yellow . - >
, only found around helsinki . it is part of the fraterna - subgroup ( p . 77 in the hoverflies book ) in which it neatly fits because the bristles on the hind rim of the scutellum are absent or present ( short in the latter case ) . the drawing of the species in bartsch ( 2009b ) has a completely black arista , so it would end up near
, provisionally let 2 . a . refer to i and insert i between item 2 and 3 ( on p . 77 ) .
i . a . large species : 8 - 13mm ; eyes : hairy all over or bare on lower part ; tibia 3 : pale with black patch or pale with black ring . female : hairs on scutellum long - > 3
of central europe ) . females : eyes bare on lower part and tibia 3 with black ring ; scutellum with extremely short hairs . finland only - >
, which belongs to the canicularis - group in the hoverflies - book ( p . 74 ) . it keys out to
11 . a . males and females . tars 1 and 2 mainly black above ; frons : hairs black . 7 - 9mm . southern finland . - >
11 . b . males only . tars 1 and 2 : at least three basal segments yellow above ; frons : pale hairs present among the black . 7 - 11mm . central and northern europe - >
5 . a . tergites 3 and 4 : spots strongly narrowed to less than 0 . 5 times their largest width ; antennae black , dark - brown or pale - > i 5 . b . tergites 3 and 4 : spots hardly narrowed , at most to 0 . 6 times their largest width ; antennae pale - > 6
i . a . antennae pale ; scutellum : hind margin with a black margin , scutellar dorsum predominantly yellow haired ; face with pale hairs . 7 - 11 mm . northern europe , mostly above polar circle . - >
i . b . antennae brown to black ; scutellum : hind margin yellow , scutellar dorsum predominantly black haired ; face predominantly with black hairs . 10 - 12mm . northern and central europe .
in the key is somewhat tricky . the addition below is provisionally . the change starts at item 7 ( p . 88 ) .
7 . a . scutellar dorsum with predominantly black haired . male : hairs on the side margin of tergite 2 yellowish ( with black ones in hind corner ) ; angle of approximation of eyes acute . female : dust patches on frons large and ( almost ) touching , their width in the middle is 1 / 4th of the distance between lunulae and ocelli or wider - > 8 7 . b . scutellar dorsum predominantly yellow haired . male hairs on the side margin of tergite 2 black ; angle of approximation of eyes blunt or acute . female : dust patches on frons small , only present around eye margin and when extending into the middle , their width in the middle is less than 1 / 5th of the distance between lunulae and ocelli - > i
i . a . males : angle of approximation of eyes more than 90 degree . female : dust patches on frons small , only present around eye margin , although they extend into the middle , they hardly touch . 5 - 8mm . northern and central europe . - >
i . b . male : angle of approximation of eyes less than 90 degree . female : dust patches extending into the middle forming a band . 5 - 8mm . northern europe above polar circle . - >
epistrophe . on page 93 , item 10 . a . should refer further to item 11 ( instead of 10 ) . on page 94 , fig . 297 and 298 , the old name e . similis should be e . obscuripes .
. this is a siberian species that is present in finland and the central part of sweden . it will key out to
at item 8b . let item 8b refer to i , change in 8b ' scutellum largely black haired ' to ' scutellum with at least onethirdth of hairs black ' and remove the part on the frons of the female . item i becomes :
i . a . arista black ; frons grey dusted only along eye margin , shiny ( or nearly so ) in the middle . 11 - 12mm . - >
i . b . arista yellow ; frons evenly dusted in posterior half , gradually less so towards the lunulae . 9 - 12mm . sweden , finland , siberia . - >
. this is a finnish endem . it is probably best to include it at item 7 ( p . 93 ) as i am not sure about the coverage of microtrichia in the first basal cell . bartsch states in the swedish description that the second basal cell is completely covered with microtrichia . i guess the species will key out to item 12 and is internediated between
( differing from both by the black hairs on the scutellum and the coloration of tars 3 ) . first relabel item 7 in the book to 7 * .
7 . b . tars 3 : background colour pale , with 6 well defined black rings ( base and top of metatars and tops of the other tarsal segments ; scutellar dorsum mainly black haired ; arista black ; face yellow ; tergite 5 yellow with a black spot in the middle . 11 - 13mm . finland . - >
eristalis . many names appeared to be female instead of male . the change was implemented in the last stage and failed at several points .
also has a yellow metatars 3 ) . solution : switch them . renumber 4 . a . and 4 . b . to 3 . a . and 3 . b . and vice versa . the new 3 . a . refers to 4 , the new 4 . b . refers to 5 .
eupeodes . eupeodes rufipunctatus occurs in iceland ( bartsch , 2009 ) . it is separated from all other eupeodes by its reddish , bad - marked spots , whereas the other species have yellow , well - marked spots .
microdon figure 483 is wrong , it is a copy of figure 482 . the figure is not essential in the key .
neoascia . on page 145 , item 1b should refer further to 5 ( instead of 4 ) .
orthonevra figure 532 is wrong and simply a copy of figure 531 . it is not essential in the key .
parasyrphus . on page 160 , item 10a should refer further to 11 ( instead of 10 ) .
parhelophilus . on p . 161 , item 2b should refer to 4 ( instead of 5 ) .
pipiza . on p . 166 , item 9a should refer to 10 ( instead of 11 ) .
platycheirus . on page 175 , item 21 . a . refers to 22 ( instead of 2 ) .
nielsen ( 2004 ) published new species in the p . ambiguus - group in volucella 7 . these are all added in the platycheirus addendum . this addition is relevant in montane and boreal areas . some species only occur in montane areas in southern europe .
on p . 182 , item 41b , the synonym is p . argentatus ringdahl .
. males will readily key out to item 39 ( p . 181 ) and then cause trouble . the solution is probably to change item 39 and add 39 * .
39 . a . metatars 1 : ventrally with a black marked , narrow pit in the distal part ; tars 3 with central 2 segments pale and last 2 segments black ; tibia 3 with broad pale top and base ; tergites with yellow spots undusted - > 40 39 . b . metatars 1 : ventrally with a broad pit in the middle , without much dark coloration ; tars 3 black or brownish , little or no contrast between central and last segments ; tibia 3 almost completely dark , leaving small pale top and base ; tergites with yellow spots undusted or heavily greyish dusted - > 39 *
39 * . a . tergites with yellow spots without grey dusting . larger : 7 - 9mm . northern europa , siberia , above polar circle . - >
39 * . b . tergites with spots heavily dusted , yellow colour hardly visible . smal : 5 - 7mm .
28 * . a . tibia 1 : the extension at the posterior part of the top triangular , it ends acute ; metatars 1 : posterior edge gently curved . 7 - 10mm . - >
28 * . b . tibia 1 : the extension at the posterior part of the top almost rectangular , it ends truncate ; metatars 1 : posterior edge angular at 1 / 3rd of the top . 6 - 9mm . northern europe and asia . - >
psilota . i used , with their agreement , a prepublication of smit and zeegers to include all 3 west palaearctic species . unfortunately , they switched the names of p . atra and p . anthracina in their official publication , which appeared after my book was published . please swap the names in my book ! ! ! ! - p . atra becomes p . anthracina - p . anthracina becomes p . atra
item 8a , p . 203 : the second figure reference should be to 710 instead of 712 .
. introduce item 10 * between 10 and 11 ( p . 203 ) , 10 . a . now refers to 10 *
10 * . b . genitalia : base of toothed lobe with a distinct bulge at the base , the form of the toothed lobe triangular seen from the side ; toothed lobe longer than hairy lobe ; projection on hairy lobe ; tergite 2 : always with yellow band . 8 - 10mm . northern europe and siberia , above polar circle . - >
13 . b . appendage of hairy lobe viewed form below or above : petiolate with a constriction at the base ( like an arrow point ) ; toothed lobe distinctly shouldered , its width more than twice the tooth at its base . 7 - 10mm .
13 * . a . appendage of hairy lobe with a long tapering tip ; distinct projection on the base of the hairy lobe . 7 - 10mm . - >
13 * . b . appendage of hairy lobe with a short tapering tip ; projection at the base of the hairy lobe weak and almost absent . 7 - 9mm . northern europe , siberia , above polar circle . - >
15 . a . tergite 2 : yellow band ; genitalia : toothed lobe not shouldered beneath teeth - > 16 15 . b . tergite 2 : two yellow spots , at most touching ; genitalia : toothed lobe shouldered beneath teeth - > 12
temnostoma . i got the russian keys of krivosheina ( thanks martin ) , they are translated ( thanks hanneke ) and published in the temnostoma key . the additions are relevant in boreal areas .
triglyphus . figure 772 is a female , while figure 773 is the male .
xanthogramma . while writing the book there was dispute over the identity of xanthogramma pedissiquum . bartsch ( 2009 , nationalnycklen , part 1 ) adds x . stackelbergi to the northwest european fauna . the map shows it is found all over denmark and it is good to look out for the species further south . change the xanthogramma - key ( p . 224 ) as follows .
2 . a . femur and tibia 3 pale with dark ring ; tergite 2 with broader spots than those on tergites 3 and 4 , spots on tergite 2 triangular - > 3 2 . b . femur and tibia 3 completely pale ; tergites 2 - 4 with subequal spots , spots on tergite 2 linear - > xanthogramma citrofasciatum degeer ( = xanthogramma festivum )
3 . a . wing : the dark patch around the stigma extends to two cells below the stigma ; view from below : the membrane between the sternites and tergites at each segment yellow in front quarter , black on back threequarters . 10 - 13mm . - >
3 . b . wing : the dark patch nearly absent , extends only to the cell just below the stigma ; view from below : the membrane between the sternites and tergites completely yellow on segments 3 - 5 . 10 - 12mm . northern europe , siberia . - >
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these species are often found in damp meadows , marshy areas , woodland clearings or well - shaded verges and are associated with buttercup .
adult females may sometimes be found landing on a buttercup leaf , walking to the tip and then underneath in order to lay an egg .
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species account from provisional atlas of british hoverflies , ball & morris , 2000 .
plants in late summer . adults can be found in damp meadows , marshy places and grassy woodland rides , where they are most frequently seen at flowers of
) , but other white and yellow flowers are also visited . according to speight ( 1998 ) this is an “anthropogenic species , favoured by present - day farming practises . ”
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smörblomfluga förekommer allmänt i hela norden , utom i nordligaste norska finnmark och delar av finska lappland . arten förekommer i hela palearktis ( inklusive nordafrika ) , utom längst i norr .
de skattade värdena som bedömningen baserar sig på ligger alla inom intervallet för kategorin livskraftig ( lc ) .
smörblomfluga förekommer i många slags öppna marker , t . ex . på ängar , i våtmarker och fuktiga gläntor eller på unga hyggen . flugan vistas i bryn , intill stigar och på andra skyddade platser . den flyger bland örtvegetationen , solar sig på blad och besöker blommor av framför allt smörblomma ranunculus acris och revsmörblomma ranunculus repens , men även t . ex . ramslök allium ursinum , kvanne angelica archangelica , hundkäx anthriscus sylvestris , kabbleka caltha palustris , hägg prunus padus och maskrosor taraxacum spp . i danmark är arten dessutom vanlig på hagtornar crataegus spp . , i övriga utbredningsområdet även på oxlar sorbus spp . flygtiden varar från början av maj till början av augusti och infaller framför allt under smörblommornas blomningstid ( före midsommar ) . larven utvecklas i rotstocken av revsmörblomma . sannolikt kan dock även andra arter i släktet ranunculus utnyttjas som värdväxter . honor har vid ett par olika tillfällen setts uppvisa ett typiskt äggläggningsbeteende .
blå punkter visar fynd registrerade i artportalen och övriga databaser anslutna till lifewatch . kan innehålla observationer som inte är validerade . kartan uppdateras var fjärde vecka .
nationalnyckeln till sveriges flora och fauna . tvåvingar : blomflugor : eristalinae & microdontinae . diptera : syrphidae : eristalinae & microdontinae . 2009 . artdatabanken , slu , uppsala .
i det avancerade verktyget kan man söka ut och få fram artlistor , t ex arter i ett visst län , i en viss biotop , substrat , som påverkas av en hotfaktor , eller som är knutna till en sk värdart , t ex trädet alm . dessa kan även kombineras .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , knutna till alm , är beroende av död ved och som finns i kronobergs län .
söka fram arter som är rödlistade , lever i småvatten och som påverkas negativt av igenväxning .
defaultläget i verktyget är arter som är rödlistade 2015 och dessa är klassade på samtliga sökfaktorer . under fliken rödlistekategori kan man dock välja att även inkludera arter som inte är rödlistade . om man väljer att inkludera icke rödlistade arter behöver man vara medveten om att samtliga arter inte är klassade på samtliga faktorer . nedan en sammanställning av vad som är komplett .
denna funktion används när du vill skapa din egen lista av arter att hantera . du kan t . ex . navigera mellan arterna i listan genom att klicka på deras namn . du kan också välja att använda knappen ”jämför arter” för att se bilder , kartor och kännetecken i en jämförelsevy .
du kan komponera ditt eget urval av arter genom att klicka dig fram via släktträdet och där välja arter eller artgrupper till din lista . ett annat sätt att göra ditt urval är att använda fliken ”filtrera” , där du kan söka på olika egenskaper . ovanför listan med sökresultatet finns en knapp ”lägg i mitt urval” .
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13th may 2010 , near lincoln uk . id conf . andre . last update : 17 . 12 . 10 09 : 24 added by : blowave dimensions : 800 x 693 pixels filesize : 139 . 64kb comments : 0 rating : none number of views : 2043
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help again can any1 give me the full title of kulon . allat . kozlem thx
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this hoverfly is strongly associated with creeping buttercup ( ranunculus repens ) , the adults visiting the flowers and the larvae feeding around the roots , and is therefore to be found in damp fields and on the machair .
the distinctive characteristics are dark antennae and black legs with yellow or orange - brown on the first two or three tarsal segments on the front and middle legs .
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annual or perennial herbs with stalked radical leaves and spirally arranged stem leaves , often palmately lobed or divided . flowers actinomorphic , bisexual , in 1 - many - flowered inflorescences . sepals 3 - 5 , reflexed ( in ours ) . petals 5 or more , rarely 0 , yellow ( in ours ) each with a nectar - secreting pit near the base . stamens numerous . fruit a head of numerous achenes .
the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species .
buttercup
redirects here . for other uses , see buttercup ( disambiguation ) .
, especially in yellow species . buttercups usually flower in the spring , but flowers may be found throughout the summer , especially where the plants are growing as opportunistic colonizers , as in the case of garden weeds .
the water crowfoots ( ranunculus subgenus batrachium ) , which grow in still or running water , are sometimes treated in a separate genus batrachium ( from greek βάτραχος batrachos ,
frog
) . they have two different leaf types , thread - like leaves underwater and broader floating leaves . in some species , such as r . aquatilis , a third , intermediate leaf type occurs .
ranunculus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some lepidoptera species including hebrew character and small angle shades . some species are popular ornamental flowers in horticulture , with many cultivars selected for large and brightly coloured flowers .
frog
and a diminutive ending . this probably refers to many species being found near water , like frogs .
its characteristic yellow hue ( in fact it is poisonous to cows and other livestock ) . a popular children ' s game involves holding a buttercup up to the chin ; a yellow reflection is supposed to indicate fondness for butter .
. in the legend coyote was tossing his eyes up in the air and catching them again when eagle snatched them . unable to see , coyote made eyes from the buttercup .
is not monophyletic with respect to a number of other recognized genera in the family – e . g .
into several genera have thus been published in a new classification for the tribe ranunculeae .
, may justify the uses of these species against fever , rheumatism and rubefacient in asian traditional medicines .
, but their acrid taste and the blistering of the mouth caused by their poison means they are usually left uneaten . poisoning can occur where buttercups are abundant in overgrazed fields where little other edible plant growth is left , and the animals eat them out of desperation . symptoms include bloody diarrhea , excessive salivation ,
, and severe blistering of the mouth , mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract . when
in humans and care should therefore be exercised in extensive handling of the plants .
roadside plants and flowers : a traveler ' s guide to the midwest and great lakes area : with a few familiar off - road wildflowers , north coast bks , marian s . edsall , univ of wisconsin press , 1985 isbn 0299097048
emadzade k , lehnebach c , lockhart p & hörandl e ( 2010 ) a molecular phylogeny , morphology and classification of genera of ranunculeae ( ranunculaceae ) . taxon 59 : 809–828 .
aslam , m . s , ijaz , a . s ( 2012 ) .
the genus ranunculus : a phytochemical and ethnopharmacological review
. international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical science 4 ( 5 ) : 15–22 .
li , h . ( december 2013 ) .
evaluation of antiviral activity of compounds isolated from ranunculus sieboldii and ranunculus sceleratus
. planta medica 71 ( 12 ) : 1128–1133 . doi : 10 . 1055 / s - 2005 - 873169 . pmid 16395649 .
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calathus solieri is a species of ground beetle from the platyninae subfamily that can bde found on the islands such as sardinia and sicily .

calathus solieri

cytochrome oxidase subunit ii , partial ( mitochondrion ) [ calathus sp . cr - 2010a ]
cytochrome oxidase subunit i , partial ( mitochondrion ) [ calathus sp . cr - 2010a ]
how can i put and write and define calathus simplicicollis in a sentence and how is the word calathus simplicicollis used in a sentence and examples ? 用calathus simplicicollis造句 , 用calathus simplicicollis造句 , 用calathus simplicicollis造句 , calathus simplicicollis meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .
how can i put and write and define calathus spretus in a sentence and how is the word calathus spretus used in a sentence and examples ? 用calathus spretus造句 , 用calathus spretus造句 , 用calathus spretus造句 , calathus spretus meaning , definition , pronunciation , synonyms and example sentences are provided by ichacha . net .

' calathus spretus
' is a species of ground beetle from the platyninae subfamily that is endemic to the canary islands .
new taxa of calathus bonelli , 1810 with a taxonomic review of the species o . . . - bioone : transactions of the american entomological . . .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
2010 - 05 - 31 by prof . paolo audisio & by prof . augusto vigna taglianti
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parotis incurvata is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by warren in 1896 .

it is found in indonesia ( java ) , on the loyalty islands and in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland and new south wales .

the wingspan is about 30 mm .

parotis incurvata

choose one > parotis atlitalis > parotis brunneomarginalis > parotis hilaralis > parotis incurvata > parotis marginata > parotis marginata complex bold : aad6057 > parotis marginata complex sp . cats002 - 10 > parotis marginata complex sp . lpngm355 - 07 > parotis marginata complex sp . lpngm356 - 07 > parotis marginata complex sp . lpngm357 - 07 > parotis marginata complex sp . lpngm358 - 07 > parotis marginata complex sp . lpngm363 - 07 > parotis marginata complex sp . lpngm364 - 07 > parotis marginata complex sp . lpngm365 - 07 > parotis marginata complex sp . lpngm366 - 07 > parotis marinata > parotis nr . marginata wph - 2012 > parotis pomonalis > parotis punctiferalis > parotis sp . aac8820 > parotis sp . aad1390 > parotis sp . bold : aai2419 > parotis sp . bold : aal8459 > parotis suralis all lower taxonomy nodes ( 24 )
cenocnemis incurvata warren , 1896 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 18 ( 103 ) : 116
parotis incurvata is a moth in the family crambidae . it was described by william warren in 1896 . it is found in indonesia ( java ) , [ 1 ] on the loyalty islands [ 2 ] and in australia , where it has been recorded from queensland and new south wales .
of each forewing , and one on each hindwing . the hindwings have a incurved margin . the males have a black tuft of hairs on the tail . the moths have a wingspan of about 3 cms .
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the wingspan is about 30 mm . adults are green with a brown line around the edge of the forewings and two small dark dots near the costa . one such dot is found on the hindwings . [ 3 ]
herbison - evans , don & crossley , stella ( 31 january 2013 ) .
this page was last edited on 6 june 2018 , at 04 : 53 .
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= glyphodes ; hampson , 1898 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1898 : 731
margaronia woodfordii butler , 1885 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 5 ) 15 ( 87 ) : 241
cenocnemis marginata hampson , 1893 ; ill . typical spec . lep . het . colln br . mus . 9 : 169 , pl . 173 , f . 23
assam , new guinea , solomons , . . . . . see [ maps ]
margaronia punctiferalis walker , [ 1866 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 34 : 1364
margarodes pomonalis guenée , 1854 ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 8 : 309
glyphodes confinis hampson , 1898 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1898 : 735 ; tl : formosa ; peak downs , australia
vertumnalis ( guenée , 1854 ) ( margarodes ) ; hist . nat . ins . , spec . gén . lépid . 8 : 309
pachyarches vertumnalis ; moore , 1878 , proc . zool . soc . lond . 1878 ( 4 ) : 850
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histoire naturelle des insectes . species général des lépidoptéres . tome huitiéme . deltoides et pyralites
lepidoptera collected by mr . c . m . woodford in the ellice and gilbert islands
illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . part 9 . the macrolepidoptera heterocera of ceylon
a revision of the moths of the subfamily pyraustinae and family pyralidae . part 1
a list of the lepidopterous insects collected by mr . ossian limborg in upper tenasserim , with descriptions of new species
warren , 1896 new species of pyralidae from khasia hills ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 17 ( 102 ) : 452 - 466 , 18 ( 103 ) : 107 - 119 , 18 ( 104 ) : 163 - 177 , 18 ( 105 ) : 214 - 231
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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crenavolva virgo is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family ovulidae , the ovulids , cowry allies or false cowries .

crenavolva virgo

primovula virgo azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 ( original combination )
worms - world register of marine species - crenavolva virgo ( azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 )
species crenavolva periopsis c . n . cate , 1978 accepted as crenavolva virgo ( azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 )
subgenus crenavolva ( crenavolva ) c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as crenavolva c . n . cate , 1973
to biodiversity heritage library ( 1 publication ) ( from synonym crenavolva periopsis c . n . cate , 1978 ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 2 publications ) ( from synonym primovula virgo azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 ) to encyclopedia of life to usnm invertebrate zoology mollusca collection
species crenavolva renovata sensu c . n . cate , 1973 not iredale , 1930 accepted as crenavolva leopardus fehse , 2002
worms - world register of marine species - crenavolva c . n . cate , 1973
crenavolva is a genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family ovulidae .
species crenavolva conspicua c . n . cate , 1975 accepted as rotaovula septemmacula ( azuma , 1974 )
species crenavolva chinensis qi & ma , 1983 accepted as cuspivolva allynsmithi ( c . n . cate , 1978 )
species crenavolva curiosa c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as dentiovula azumai ( c . n . cate , 1970 )
species crenavolva cuspis c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as cuspivolva cuspis ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species crenavolva imitabilis c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as serratovolva dondani ( c . n . cate , 1964 )
species crenavolva ostheimerae c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as cuspivolva ostheimerae ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species crenavolva rosewateri c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as primovula rosewateri ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species crenavolva rostella c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as cuspivolva singularis ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
species crenavolva azumai ( c . n . cate , 1970 ) accepted as dentiovula azumai ( c . n . cate , 1970 )
species crenavolva dondani ( c . n . cate , 1964 ) accepted as serratovolva dondani ( c . n . cate , 1964 )
species crenavolva testudiana ( c . n . cate , 1978 ) accepted as sandalia meyeriana ( c . n . cate , 1973 )
subgenus crenavolva ( cuspivolva ) c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as cuspivolva c . n . cate , 1973 ( original rank )
( of crenavolva ( crenavolva ) c . n . cate , 1973 ) cate c . n . ( 1973 ) . a systematic revision of the recent cypraeid family ovulidae . the veliger . 15 ( supplement ) : 1 - 117 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
species crenavolva myrakeenae ( azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 ) accepted as dentiovula azumai ( c . n . cate , 1970 )
species crenavolva mucronata ( azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 ) accepted as cuspivolva mucronata ( azuma & c . n . cate , 1971 )
ovulum striatulum g . b . sowerby i , 1828 accepted as crenavolva striatula ( g . b . sowerby i , 1828 ) ( type by original designation )
species crenavolva draperi c . n . cate & azuma in c . n . cate , 1973 accepted as cuspivolva draperi c . n . cate & azuma in c . n . cate , 1973
( of crenavolva periopsis c . n . cate , 1978 ) lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
( of crenavolva periopsis c . n . cate , 1978 ) cate c . n . ( 1978 ) . new species of ovulidae and reinstatement of margovula pyrulina ( a . adams , 1854 ) . the nautilus 92 ( 4 ) : 160 - 167 page ( s ) : 163 [ details ]
lorenz f . & fehse d . ( 2009 ) the living ovulidae . a manual of the families of allied cowries : ovulidae , pediculariidae and eocypraeidae . hackenheim : conchbooks . [ details ]
cate c . n . ( 1973 ) . a systematic revision of the recent cypraeid family ovulidae . the veliger . 15 ( supplement ) : 1 - 117 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 49 [ details ]
bouchet p . , rocroi j . p . , hausdorf b . , kaim a . , kano y . , nützel a . , parkhaev p . , schrödl m . & strong e . e . ( 2017 ) . revised classification , nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families . malacologia . 61 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 526 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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the seaside sparrow ( ammodramus maritimus ) is a small american sparrow .

adults have brownish upperparts with gray on the crown and nape , and a grayish-buff colored breast with dark streaks ; they have a dark face with gray cheeks , a white throat , and a short pointed tail .

birds show a small yellow streak just above the eye .

their breeding habitat is salt marshes on the atlantic and gulf coasts of the united states from southern new hampshire to southern texas .

the nest is an open cup usually built in the salt marsh on tidal reeds and spartina grasses .

females lay two to five eggs .

northern birds most often migrate further south along the eastern coast of the united states .

they forage on the ground or in marsh vegetation , sometimes probing in mud .

they mainly eat insects , marine invertebrates and seeds .

their feeding areas are often some distance away from the areas they choose to nest .

one of the numerous subspecies of this bird , the dusky seaside sparrow ( a. m. nigrescens ) , has recently become extinct , and the cape sable subspecies , a. m. mirabilis , is endangered .

occurring in a restricted range but of uncertain validity is scott 's seaside sparrow , ( a. m. peninsulae ) .

those were formerly considered a separate species .

the call closely resembles a raspy buzz , similar to a distant red-winged blackbird .

seaside sparrow

a drab sparrow with a short tail and a large bill , the seaside sparrow is a salt marsh specialist .
the seaside sparrow is divided into several different subspecies that look subtly different . the two most distinct forms , the endangered
cape sable
seaside sparrow and the extinct
dusky
seaside sparrow were once considered separate species . the
cape sable
seaside sparrow has dark streaks on a white chest and is the palest form . the
dusky
seaside sparrow was the darkest form , with a blackish back and heavy dark chest streaks .
salt marshes , especially spartina grass , rushes , and tidal reeds ;
cape sable
seaside sparrow in marsh prairie . back to top
having outlived its now - extinct cousin the dusky seaside sparrow , the macgillivray ' s seaside sparrow faces similar threats that harm its other cousin , the imperiled cape sable seaside sparrow , which was protected under the endangered species act back when the law was passed . but since the macgillivray ' s seaside sparrow didn ' t receive this lifesaving honor , in 2010 the center petitioned to protect the bird and 403 other imperiled southeast species . the next year the sparrow was included in the center ' s historic agreement with the u . s . fish and wildlife service to fast track listing decisions for 757 at - risk species .
the oldest recorded seaside sparrow was a male , and at least 10 years old when he was recaptured and rereleased during banding operations in south carolina .
a true connoisseur of coastal living , macgillivray ' s seaside sparrow spends its days munching on tiny crabs , insects and seeds in atlantic coastal marshes .
no other songbird in north america is so closely tied to salt marsh as the seaside sparrow . except for a few populations in florida , it is almost never found away from tidal marshes along the immediate coast . with a patchy and disjunct habitat , this species has evolved a number of well - marked local races . one of these , the
cape sable
seaside sparrow , was not discovered until 1918 ; another , the
dusky
seaside sparrow , recently became extinct despite major efforts by conservationists .
appropriately named , the seaside sparrow is a salt marsh specialist with 9 recognized subspecies throughout its range along the eastern and gulf coasts of north america . one subspecies , the dusky seaside sparrow ( a . m . nigrescens ) , became extinct in 1987 when the last remaining individual in captivity died . the seaside sparrow is distinguished from other sparrows by its overall gray coloring , large size and long , conical bill . sexes are alike with distinct yellow markings above the eye , on the supercilium , and on the edge of wing at wrist . adult measures 5 to 6 inches ( 13 - 15 cm ) with a short , spiky tail . similar to the sharp - tailed sparrow ( ammodramus caudacutus ) but the seaside sparrow is larger and grayer . the juvenile is similar to adult with less streaking and brown upper parts .
although territorial , the seaside sparrow often feeds long distances from the space it defends around its nest . in the tidal zone where it lives , nesting and feeding areas often are widely separated .
the cape sable seaside sparrow is adapted to a life in vegetation that is periodically burned and flooded . fires and flooding maintain suitable habitat by preventing the invasion of shrubs and trees . however , fires and high water levels during the nesting season can threaten eggs and recently fledged young . the cape sable seaside sparrow is sometimes called the
goldilocks bird
because conditions have to be just right for its survival .
dusky
seaside sparrow became extinct in 1987 ;
cape sable
form is localized and vulnerable , as are some other populations . species as a whole has declined owing to destruction of coastal marshes .
seaside sparrow are common overall , most populations were stable between 1966 and 2014 , according to the north american breeding bird survey . other populations are declining and vulnerable . partners in flight estimates a global breeding population of 160 , 000 , with 100 % living in the u . s . the species rates a 13 out of 20 on the continental concern score . the cape sable population of seaside sparrow in southern florida is endangered and is on the 2014 state of the birds watch list , which lists bird species that are at risk of becoming threatened or endangered without conservation action .
dusky
seaside sparrow went extinct in the 1980s . back to top
the non - migratory cape sable seaside sparrow occurs almost exclusively in everglades national park and big cypress national preserve in dade and monroe counties . seaside sparrows are normally found along the coast , however , this subspecies occupies seasonally flooded inland prairies of muhly grass , short sawgrass , and cordgrass . areas of dense cordgrass , cattail , and shrubs are avoided . the sparrow has not been found on cape sable since the 1970s due to habitat changes .
the seaside sparrow has a very limited breeding range that extends along the atlantic coast from new england to northern florida . breeding populations within this range are discontinuous and localized . in new york , the seaside sparrow is a rare and local breeder restricted mainly to the maritime area . the largest tract of suitable habitat is found on the barrier islands that line the south shore of long island . year round populations are found along the gulf coast of florida west to texas , and along the atlantic coast from florida north to the carolinas . populations in the northeast are migratory . habitat requirements for the seaside sparrow include elevated vegetation for nesting and open areas for foraging of insects .
habitat loss resulting from coastal development and habitat degradation from pollution are the biggest threats to the seaside sparrow in new york and throughout its entire range . wetland protection and management are necessary to maintain optimal nesting and foraging areas for this habitat specialist .
the cape sable seaside sparrow was classified as endangered by the u . s . fish and wildlife service and the florida fish and wildlife conservation commission because of its low numbers , limited distribution , and threats to its habitat . areas of critical habitat were designated for the sparrow . there were an estimated 6 , 656 cape sable seaside sparrows in 1981 , but annual surveys since 1992 indicate a decline to an estimated 2 , 624 birds by 2002 . habitat is maintained by prescribed fire , and water levels are regulated to benefit the sparrow . however , water management in the everglades has been controversial because of possible negative impacts on other endangered species and human land uses .
arbib , r . 1988 . seaside sparrow . ammodramus maritimus . pages 454 - 455 in andrle , r . f . and j . r . carroll , eds . the atlas of breeding birds in new york state . cornell univ . press , ithaca , ny .
post , w . and j . s . greenlaw . 2009 . seaside sparrow ( ammodramus maritimus ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa .
greenlaw , j . s . 2008 . seaside sparrow . ammodramus maritimus . pages 562 - 563 in mcgowan , k . j . and k . corwin , eds . the second atlas of breeding birds in new york state . cornell univ . press , ithaca , ny .
12·5–15 cm ; 18·9–28·7 g . a small sparrow with rather long and narrow conical bill , and relatively short tail with “sharp” . . .
the cape sable seaside sparrow is the only bird restricted entirely to the everglades ecosystem . the 5 - inch - long sparrow is dark olive - gray and brown on the back and light gray with dark olive streaks on the sides . it has small patches of yellow feathers in front of the eyes and at the bend of the wings . because of their small size , drab appearance , and secretive habits , seaside sparrows usually are heard before they are seen . the male ' s song consists of a few introductory notes followed by a
buzzy
trill .
post , w . , and j . s . greenlaw . 1994 . seaside sparrow ( ammodramus maritimus ) . in the birds of north america , no . 127 ( a . poole and f . gill , eds . ) . the birds of north america , inc . , philadelphia , pa .
a true connoisseur of coastal living , macgillivray ' s seaside sparrow spends its days munching on tiny crabs , insects and seeds in atlantic coastal marshes . this little gray - brown bird — one of four subspecies of seaside sparrows — is especially fond of brackish water and generally spends winters in the high - salinity marshes near offshore islands in its range from northeastern florida to north carolina . in spring and early summer , it heads into wetlands for nesting and returns to saltier environments when chicks are able to fly .
some nests are lost to flooding and fires . raccoons , snakes , rice rats and hawks are probably predators of cape sable seaside sparrows . predation by a cottonmouth has been documented .
habitat alteration is the most likely reason for the decreased abundance of the seaside sparrow in long island over the last half century . alterations and fragmentation of habitat is widespread throughout this species range . changes in breeding bird atlas data over 20 years illustrate that the breeding population is becoming less widespread . it is listed as a watch list species by the national audubon society .
but the service still hasn ' t moved forward on protecting macgillivray ' s seaside sparrows , which are now plagued by one of the scariest threats yet : sea - level rise caused by global warming that ' s rapidly melting our arctic ice caps and land subsidence . in fact climate change is expected to raise sea levels by as much as 3 to 9 feet during this century , which would destroy the sparrow ' s breeding and foraging habitats near the coast . in may 2013 , when the feds had failed to issue a 12 - month finding on the status of macgillivray ' s seaside sparrow , the center filed a notice of intent to sue — and a few months later , the agency agreed to make a decision on protection by 2018 .
salt marshes . lives in tidal marshes along coast , favoring areas with dense tall growth above level of highest tides and with openings and edges for foraging . habitats often feature spartina , rushes , and saltgrass . in florida , extinct
dusky
seaside sparrow nested in fresh or brackish marsh in some areas , and
cape sable
form still does so in parts of extreme southern florida .
rising , j . & jaramillo , a . ( 2018 ) . seaside sparrow ( ammospiza maritima ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
cape sable seaside sparrows are dietary generalists , taking advantage of any food available as they forage low in the grass and on the ground . they feed on grasshoppers , caterpillars , beetles , spiders , and grass and sedge seeds . adults remove the legs and wings from insects before feeding them to their young .
nesting can occur from february through august with most occurring during april and may . the time and length of the nesting season depends on flooding . nesting will be delayed or ended if water levels are too high . males sing from the tops of grass stems early in the morning during the nesting season . nests are constructed in clumps of grass about 6 inches above the ground . usually 3 - 4 eggs are laid . the female incubates the eggs for 12 days and young fledge at 9 - 11 days old . two or three nests are attempted each season with a success rate of 40 - 75 % . the sparrow ' s high reproductive potential help it persist in a variable habitat .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km 2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is very large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recently went extinct , the last record coming from 1980 ( walters 1992 ) .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
open cup of grass stems and blades , lined with finer grass blades and sometimes built up on sides to form partial covering .
bluish white to grayish white , speckled and blotched with shades of brown , often more heavily on larger end .
walks on ground and gleans prey from surrounding vegetation ; probes with bill in mud . back to top
lutmerding , j . a . and a . s . love . longevity records of north american birds . version 2015 . 2 . patuxent wildlife research center , bird banding laboratory 2015 .
north american bird conservation initiative . 2014 . the state of the birds 2014 report . us department of interior , washington , dc , usa .
sauer , j . r . , j . e . hines , j . e . fallon , k . l . pardieck , jr . ziolkowski , d . j . and w . a . link . the north american breeding bird survey , results and analysis 1966 - 2013 ( version 1 . 30 . 15 ) . usgs patuxtent wildlife research center 2014b . available from urltoken
sibley , d . a . ( 2014 ) . the sibley guide to birds , second edition . alfred a . knopf , new york , usa .
forages on the ground at edge of water , and in low growth such as cordgrass and salicornia . may probe in mud or pick items from surface of vegetation .
3 - 4 , sometimes 2 - 5 . bluish white to very pale gray , with blotches of brown often concentrated at larger end . incubation is by female only , about 12 - 13 days . young : both parents feed the nestlings . young leave the nest about 9 - 11 days after hatching , but unable to fly well for at least another week . parents may feed young for 2 - 3 weeks after they fledge . 1 - 2 broods per year .
both parents feed the nestlings . young leave the nest about 9 - 11 days after hatching , but unable to fly well for at least another week . parents may feed young for 2 - 3 weeks after they fledge . 1 - 2 broods per year .
mostly insects , other invertebrates , and seeds . diet varies with season and location , but major items include grasshoppers , beetles , caterpillars , spiders , small crabs , snails , amphipods , and marine worms . also eats many seeds , especially in fall and winter , including those of cordgrass and saltbush .
during courtship , male follows female , frequently raising his wings and singing . in non - migratory southern populations , members of pair may remain together on nesting territory all year . nest site is in low marsh vegetation , a few inches above level of highest tides . nest ( built by female alone ) is an open cup of grass , lined with finer grasses . usually has at least a partial cover or canopy built by bird or provided by surrounding plants .
many birds probably non - migratory , although some depart in fall from northernmost part of breeding range and a few spend the winter south of known breeding areas in florida and texas .
audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .
in the broadest and most detailed study of its kind , audubon scientists have used hundreds of thousands of citizen - science observations and sophisticated climate models to predict how birds in the u . s . and canada will react to climate change .
the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season .
each map is a visual guide to where a particular bird species may find the climate conditions it needs to survive in the future . we call this the bird’s “climatic range . ”
the darker the shaded area , the more likely it is the bird species will find suitable climate conditions to survive there .
the outline of the approximate current range for each season remains fixed in each frame , allowing you to compare how the range will expand , contract , or shift in the future .
the first frame of the animation shows where the bird can find a suitable climate today ( based on data from 2000 ) . the next three frames predict where this bird’s suitable climate may shift in the future—one frame each for 2020 , 2050 , and 2080 .
you can play or pause the animation with the orange button in the lower left , or select an individual frame to study by clicking on its year .
the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season . more on reading these maps .
residents of port aransas , texas , are still feeling the effects of the storm four months later . but that didn ' t stop counters from their annual survey .
the only hope to prevent extinction may be to remove some of the last birds from the wild for captive breeding . this summer scientists scrambled to collect enough sparrows before the breeding season’s end .
a decade after the devastating hurricane , new orleans is still more vulnerable than it should be . david yarnold explains what still needs to be done .
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males arrive on breeding marshes approximately one week before females beginning in late march . pair bonds form immediately after the arrival of the females . males actively defend their territories and engage in combat with other males who invade their territory . nesting may continue until mid - july and renesting is common after failed nest attempts . the female alone builds the nest and incubates the clutch of 2 to 5 eggs . the nest is an open cup of grasses often constructed in tall vegetation in the wettest part of the marsh . pairs are monogamous and territorial throughout the breeding season but will feed well outside of the defended territory . young leave the nest after 9 to 11 days and usually form loose flocks with other fledglings and juveniles near feeding areas .
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fwc facts : vessels operating in florida waters must follow u . s . coast guard requirements for marine sanitation devices , where applicable .
florida fish and wildlife conservation commission • farris bryant building 620 s . meridian st . • tallahassee , fl 32399 - 1600 • ( 850 ) 488 - 4676
pursuant to section 120 . 74 , florida statutes , the fish and wildlife conservation commission has published its 2017 agency regulatory plan .
under florida law , e - mail addresses are public records . if you do not want your e - mail address released in response to a public records request , do not send electronic mail to this entity . instead , contact this office by phone or in writing .
hybrid with a . caudacuta has been described . races mirabilis and † nigrescens have been considered to represent two separate species ; latter was notably distinct , mirabilis much less so , but mirabilis and peninsulae differ vocally in having a song with a much less buzzy concluding trill than other races . racial differences confused by individual variation and plumage dichromatism ( buffy and grey morphs ) ; proposed race pelonota ( described from ne florida ) subsumed within macgillivraii . seven extant subspecies recognized .
– coastal e usa from new hampshire and massachusetts s to extreme n north carolina ; non - breeding s to ne florida .
( audubon , 1834 ) – north carolina s to extreme se georgia and ne florida .
( j . a . allen , 1888 ) – coastal s texas ( from aransas county s to nueces bay ) ; winters s to mouth of rio grande .
( chapman , 1899 ) – san antonio bay ( refugio county ) , in se texas , e to sw alabama ; non - breeding sw to nueces county , in texas .
( griscom & nichols , 1920 ) – coastal nw florida from escambia county e to taylor county .
( j . a . allen , 1888 ) – w florida from about dixie county s to old tampa bay .
– sw florida from vicinity of everglades se ( formerly ) to cape sable .
song a buzzy “spitsh - sheer , tup tup zee eeeee” , or “oka - chee weeee” , . . .
edge and interior of saltmarsh in most of range ; occupies wettest , muddiest parts of marsh , nesting . . .
largely animal matter , which accounts for more than 80 % of diet in some places . eats marine insects , small snails ( gastropoda ) and crabs ( . . .
season late mar to aug ; some pairs double - brooded . monogamous . nest built by female alone , a cup of dry grasses , lined with finer grasses , . . .
s populations sedentary . n populations ( nominate race ) move s to wintering grounds from virginia to . . .
not globally threatened ( least concern ) . classified as “highest concern” in the usa ( red watchlist priority species for conservation ) . race
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formerly included in a broader emberizidae . recent phylogeny # r has recovered evidence of eight major clades within this newly recognized grouping : ( i ) melospiza and allies ; ( ii and iii ) melozone , atlapetes , pipilo and allies , which form two sister - clades ; ( iv ) zonotrichia , junco and allies ; and ( v–viii ) all other species , which form a polytomy at base of tree , but can be split into ( a ) arremon , ( b ) spizella , amphispiza , chondestes and calamospiza , ( c ) peucaea , arremonops , ammodramus and rhynchospiza , and finally ( d ) two genera that have often been placed in thraupidae , oreothraupis and chlorospingus .
previously included in ammodramus , but these four species form a clade far removed from the type species of ammodramus , and are best awarded a separate genus # r # r .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .