the orangeback fairy-wrasse , cirrhilabrus aurantidorsalis , is a species of wrasse endemic to the pacific waters of indonesia .

it inhabits coral reefs and can be found at depths from 10 to 25 m ( 33 to 82 ft ) .

this species can reach a total length of 10 cm ( 3.9 in ) .

it can be found in the aquarium trade .

orangeback fairy - wrasse

also known as orange - back fairy wrasse , goldback fairy wrasse , goldback wrasse , golden - back wrasse .
duh for me . i did not read fairy wrasse . sorry , no need for sand
the orange - back fairy wrasse is a stunning and super colorful wrasse . orange - back fairy wrasses have a mostly bluish purple body with strong orange coloration on their backs . orange - back fairy wrasses also have a bright red head . male orange - back fairy wrasses tend to be more colorful than females as well . orange - back fairy wrasses reach a maximum adult size of around 4 inches and need to be kept in tanks that are at least 75 gallons in size . orange - back fairy wrasses are peaceful fish and shouldn ' t bother other fish , coral or fish in your tank . this makes them a great choice for reef tanks . orange - back fairy wrasses are strong jumpers and shouldn ' t be kept in tanks that don ' t have a tight fitting lid with no holes large enough for them to jump through . orange - back fairy wrasses can be kept in a male female pair , but two males shouldn ' t be kept together to avoid aggression . orange - back fairy wrasses will thrive in tanks that have lots of live rock for them to sleep in and pick at small inverts between feedings . orange - back fairy wrasses are carnivores and should be fed a diet that is rich in meaty foods . foods like mysis and brine shrimp , high quality meaty frozen foods and high quality flake and pellet foods will keep your orange - back fairy wrasse healthy and happy . if you have any questions about the orange - back fairy wrasse and if it ' s the right fish for your tank , please feel free to contact us at any time .
fairy wrasses , as far as i know , all sleep in the rocks , in a mucous coccoon .
copper that low shouldn ' t be impacting the wrasse or his breathing . i think i would fw dip to check for flukes .
housing more than one fairy wrasse in an aquarium is tricky , and it is generally best to keep only a single specimen . males can be kept with one or preferably more females in larger tanks ( at least 100 gallons ) , but it is often difficult to obtain female fairy wrasses . in large tanks it is usually possible to keep males of different species together , especially if they do not look similar .
also know as orange - back fairy wrasse , goldback fairy wrasse , goldback wrasse and golden - back wrasse . found in small groups on mixed coral and rubble areas of lagoons and seaward reefs . they feed on hard shell invertebrates and zooplankton . length - 10cm depth - 10 - 25m widespread western central pacific most reef fish seen by divers during the day are grazers , that cruise around just above the surface of the coral or snoop into crevices looking for algae , worms and small crustaceans . wrasses have small protruding teeth and graze the bottom taking in a variety of snails , worms , crabs , shrimps and eggs . any hard coats or thick shells are then ground down by their pharyngeal jaws and the delicacies inside digested . from juvenile to adult wrasses dramatically alter their colour and body shapes . wrasses are always on the go during the day , but are the first to go to bed and the last to rise . small wrasses dive below the sand to sleep and larger wrasses wedge themselves in crevasses .
copper level was about 0 . 2ppm before a 75 % water change . no copper was added after the water change , and the wrasse was acclimated and added after the water change .
the male yellow - flanked or blue - headed fairy wrasse ( the two names refer to different color morphs ) is a magnificent fish , but this species is often overlooked by fishkeepers . it is one of the largest cirrhilabrus species , growing to 6 inches , and also one of the boldest , spending almost all of its time out in open water , often close to the surface .
fairy wrasses , among the most beautiful marine fishes , are known for their vibrant colors and striking patterns . they also happen to be generally peaceful , with interesting behaviors and bold personalities , which makes them great residents for the fish - only community or reef tank . in order to learn the basics about fairy wrasses ( cirrhilabrus spp . ) , it’s best to start by understanding their natural habitats and behaviors .
he is probably highly stressed being in a tank with all those fish . is he a sand dwelling wrasse ? that may add to his stress . give him a tupperware container of sand to hide .
questions , are you just placing them in the qt with the copper already in there ? wrasse can be very sensitive to copper and it is often recommended to slowly bring it up to treatment levels .
like most planktivores , fairy wrasses are best given several small feedings per day . as well as taking food provided by their keepers , they hunt plankton in open water and small benthic invertebrates on the substrate . these small invertebrates include , for at least some cirrhilabrus species , flatworms such as convolutriloba retrogemma . these can become a nuisance , particularly in reef aquariums , so this is a useful bonus for keepers of fairy wrasses .
in contrast to the previous two species , the red velvet fairy wrasse ( sometimes known as the rosy scales wrasse ) is quite a shy fish , especially when kept with boisterous tankmates , although it is bolder when kept with quieter companions . it tends to swim close to the substrate , slipping stealthily between corals . males are exquisitely colored : when mature , the rear of the body is cream to yellow but the head and forepart of the body are red , with the scales having dark outlines . the fins are bordered in neon blue , the fin rays are purple , and the front of the dorsal fin is yellow or orange .
the long - finned or social fairy wrasse is one of the most familiar cirrhilabrus species in the aquarium . it comes from the western indian ocean and the red sea , and grows to around 3 inches . it is one of the less bold cirrhilabrus wrasses , often tending to stay close to the substrate rather than swimming out in open water , unless kept with very peaceful , passive companions . with the latter it can become the dominant fish in the tank .
all of the fish except the wrasse have been here for at least three weeks , and appear healthy . ( was getting close to the point where i would have been shutting down copper anyway , i think . . . )
fairy wrasses seem to behave in two main ways in the aquarium . some are very bold and cruise around in open water , often close to the surface of the aquarium . these species include c . solorensis , c . aurantidorsalis , c . scottorum , and c . cyanopleura . others , however , behave very differently , usually staying close to rocks and corals and often swimming quite slowly , as if carefully scanning the area for small prey . c . rubrisquamis , c . laboutei , and c . rubriventralis often behave this way . a fairy wrasse’s tankmates can also have a profound effect on behavior ; most of these wrasses are much bolder when kept with passive companions than when sharing a tank with aggressive planktivores .
other wrasses that can cause problems are the pseudocheilinus species , such as the sixline wrasse p . hexataenia . though diminutive , these wrasses are very aggressive—i once had a resident sixline wrasse , just 2 inches long , that chased a newly added cirrhilabrus scottorum so fiercely and persistently that the latter was unable to come out to feed and succumbed quite quickly to white spot infection . the oddest thing about this was that the c . scottorum was more than twice the size of its tormentor .
despite one of its common names , the head is more often green than blue , although to be fair some blue is often seen suffusing the green . the rear two - thirds of the body are orange to red , but the scales are outlined in purple . the belly is white . some individuals have a bright yellow blotch just behind the pectoral fins—the common name of yellow - flanked fairy wrasse derives from this color morph , which was previously considered to be a separate species , c . lyukyuensis .
it is also worth being careful when keeping fairy wrasses with the smaller hogfishes bodianus spp . , such as the candy hogfish b . bimaculatus , that are sometimes kept in reef aquariums . these have similar behavior to many fairy wrasses , and each species is likely to see the other as a competitor . given that they are well matched in terms of aggressiveness , long - running squabbles can occur , generally leading to one combatant jumping out of the tank , particularly because hogfishes are just as prone to jumping as cirrhilabrus wrasses .
males of some species , notably the long - finned fairy wrasse c . rubriventralis , are capable of quite dramatic color changes in response to social stimuli . the presence of females or rival males , for example , often leads to intensification of colors . cirrhilabrus wrasses have a reputation for color loss after long periods in the aquarium , but this does not seem to affect all species . it is possible that the color loss seen in some species may be the result of the lack of such stimuli . cirrhilabrus males are usually kept without other members of their own species and thus do not have their natural social interactions . however , color loss is far from universal among fairy wrasses . it’s just as likely that as a male matures in the aquarium , its colors will gradually intensify . it is also worth noting that these wrasses sometimes look less colorful in dealers’ tanks than when established in the home aquarium .
the red - finned fairy wrasse c . rubripinnis is also red on the back and flanks and white on the belly , but the dorsal , anal , and pelvic fins of this species are bright red as the name suggests . the recently described c . naokoae is also similar but has a yellow stripe separating the red and white colors on the flanks , and the dorsal fin is very dark with a distinctive shape . all of these species , with the possible exception of c . naokoae , may sometimes be sold as c . rubriventralis . fortunately , the captive care required is very similar for all of them .
the orange - back fairy wrasse is closely related to c . solorensis but is not such a familiar species in the aquarium . males have a crimson head , the back and upper part of the flanks are orange , the belly is bright blue , and a pinkish - red streak runs along the flanks . as males mature , a darker , crown - like mark appears on the top of the head , and scales along the flanks develop dark outlines . if anything , the colors of this species tend to intensify in the aquarium . this is another bold species that spends its time cruising rapidly around the aquarium , generally high in the water column .
cirrhilabrus species have unusual eyes ; the cornea is split into two distinct parts . it is believed that the center of the cornea acts as a close - up lens that helps the wrasses spot small prey . this feature is also found in some other wrasse species , such as paracheilinus , pseudocheilinus , pseudocheilinops , and pteragogus .
because different species of fairy wrasses can look quite similar to each other but show variation within a species , undescribed species may turn up in fish dealers’ tanks but not be recognized as such . it’s entirely possible that c . naokoae could have been imported regularly before it was formally described but sold as one of the similar species such as c . joanallenae .
tank size : 75 gallons tempermant : peaceful maximum size : 4
coloration : red , orange , blue , purple diet : carnivore regions found : indonesia , western pacific reef compatible : yes experience level : beginner guarantee : live guarantee available water conditions : 74 - 82° f , sg 1 . 020 - 1 . 027 , ph 7 . 9 - 8 . 5 other names : orange - back wrasse
mixing cirrhilabrus species with other wrasses also requires some precaution . halichoeres wrasses , particularly large mature males , may become very aggressive toward cirrhilabrus species . if the cirrhilabrus wrasse is one of the bolder , more robust species , it may be able to hold its own , and an uneasy truce may be established in which occasional sparring is the only problem . shyer cirrhilabrus species may not do so well , however .
fortunately , they soon get used to their keepers and learn to associate humans with food rather than see them as a threat . they also get used to the rather sudden dawns and dusks in captivity , but this still leaves them with plenty of other reasons to take to the air . covering the tank is therefore a must , and it is best to do so carefully , as fairy wrasses can escape through surprisingly small gaps .
if this article has made you want to rush out and fill your aquarium with fairy wrasses , it might be worth pausing to consider the costs . cirrhilabrus wrasses can be regarded as exquisite gems of the marine aquarium , but like most jewels , they don’t come cheap . some of the more exotic species such as c . laboutei , c . lineatus , and c . jordani fetch fairly high prices , and rarities like c . rhomboidalis can cost even more .
this is a species that seems to improve in the intensity of its coloration as it matures in the aquarium . it is one of the more aggressive fairy wrasses , and this , combined with its relatively large size and active nature , means it is best kept in quite large tanks—at least 4 feet long and preferably larger . it has a wide geographic range across the eastern indian and west pacific oceans , from the andaman sea to the great barrier reef , and north to the ryukyu islands .
saw another one during the waning hours of the frag farmers ' market yesterday , again appearing healthy but shy . the vendor made me an offer i found difficult to refuse , so brought the fellow home last night . did about a 70 % water change to reduce copper in my tank before acclimating the wrasse . brought the sg to a pretty close match with the water in the bag ( 1 . 023 ) . introduced the new fish to my water gradually , and on release , watched him swim down into the pvc pipe fittings .
the red - headed or solar wrasse comes from indonesia , ranging from the flores and banda seas to sulawesi , bali , and christmas island . males of this species are highly variable in color . most of those seen in the aquarium trade have a yellow - orange head with a dark outline to the gill covers , a red eye , a bright white belly , a purplish - blue back , and flanks that most often are turquoise but sometimes green or blue . in some parts of its home range , these colors are only evident when a male is displaying to females or other males , but elsewhere this pattern seems to be permanent . females , seldom found in the aquarium trade , have a white belly , a red head and forepart of the body , with the rest of the body being yellow .
thanks , deniseandy & cmcoker ! fairy wrasses , as far as i know , all sleep in the rocks , in a mucous coccoon . to set up a second qt , i ' d have to go out and purchase a complete set of new equipment , and of course find a place to put it . . . but i have turned off the light ( great idea ! ) and covered two sides of the tank ( 40 - breeder ) with a black plastic trash bag . ( the other fish are all significantly smaller than this guy - would they still stress him ? he ' s a full adult , at about 3 - 3 . 5
. i wonder if that has something to do with it , as older animals ( like me ) don ' t always adapt to new situations as well as younger ones do . ) cmkoker , i ' ve been using ionic copper , as it ' s what my salifert test kit can
see
, at about 0 . 18 - 0 . 2ppm . i did about a 70 - 75 % water change last night , and didn ' t replace any copper , so can ' t thank you again , for any and all ideas for assistance ! ~ bruce
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
justification : this species is endemic to tomini bay , indonesia . there is no population information available for this species . even though this species is commercialized in the aquarium trade , it is not commonly traded and does not reach a very high value . it is listed as least concern .
currently , population size or trends for this species have not been assessed . it is not present in fao global production estimates .
this species occurs in small groups along reef edges with rubble patches in depths to about 15 - 30 m . juveniles are found in small groups in shallower depths ( kuiter and tonozuka 2001 ) .
this species is collected for the aquarium trade . it sells for us $ 60 . 00 in the united states .
there are no known major threats to this species , although it is exploited in the aquarium trade .
there are no known species specific conservation measures for this species . this species occurs within the tomini bay marine protected area .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
latin , cirrus = curl fringe + greek , labros = furious ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 10 - 25 m ( ref . 90102 ) , usually ? - 15 m ( ref . 40966 ) . tropical
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 10 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 90102 )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 11 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 9 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 9 . recognized by the yellow - to orange back in all but very small juveniles . males more orange and have a dark - red crown - like mark on the head ( ref . 48636 ) .
occurs in small groups along reef edges with rubble patches in depths to about 25 m . juveniles in small groups in shallower depths ( ref . 48636 ) . minimum depth from ref . 58018 .
parenti , p . and j . e . randall , 2000 . an annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families labridae and scaridae . ichthyol . bull . j . l . b . smith inst . ichthyol . ( 68 ) : 1 - 97 . ( ref . 35918 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01660 ( 0 . 00720 - 0 . 03825 ) , b = 2 . 95 ( 2 . 75 - 3 . 15 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 18 of 100 ) .
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due to availability and individuality of each species , colors and sizes may vary .
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the various species of cirrhilabrus wrasses are found in the wild from the red sea through the indian ocean and across the pacific to the pitcairn islands , as far north as hawai‘i and the ryukyu islands of southern japan .
cirrhilabrus wrasses are typically encountered in small groups feeding on zooplankton a few feet above the substrate , often over rubble . depending on the species , they can be found from a few feet beneath the surface to depths of over 600 feet . they may swim in groups of their own species or form mixed aggregations with other cirrhilabrus , flasher wrasses paracheilinus , or other planktivores such as pseudanthias . within typical single - species groups , most individuals are females , with a single male in attendance . however , there are exceptions to this and some all - male groups are found in some species .
male cirrhilabrus wrasses are always larger than females and are usually more brightly colored . in many species , the males can intensify their colors or change patterns rapidly when displaying to females or to other males . as no small male cirrhilabrus wrasses have been found , it is believed that all individuals begin life as females , but some , probably the dominant individuals , become males . this is known as protogynous hermaphroditism and is common among wrasses .
another curious feature of cirrhilabrus wrasses is their secretion of mucus cocoons , which they sleep in . these cocoons are believed to prevent nocturnal predators from being able to detect the sleeping wrasses by scent .
as if this genus didn’t have enough stunning fishes to offer , new cirrhilabrus species are still being discovered regularly . in fact , most cirrhilabrus species haven’t been known to science , let alone the aquarium hobby , for long . of the 46 cirrhilabrus species currently listed as valid by fishbase . org , only 9 were described before 1980 . in contrast , 11 new species have been described since 2000 , the most recent being c . naokoae in 2009 .
in fact , new species are sometimes identified on the basis of fishes collected for the marine aquarium trade . c . naokoae is one example of this , where the type specimen was collected off sumatra and was probably destined for the aquarium trade in japan . despite being newly described , this species can be found on sale in the united states , albeit at a fairly high price .
cirrhilabrus species are generally straightforward to keep , but they exhibit one particular behavior worth noting : these wrasses jump at the slightest provocation . they jump if they are being chased by other fishes or if they are startled . when new to the aquarium , they may even jump when someone approaches the tank or when the lights are switched on or off .
even after covering the aquarium , however , these fishes can sometimes come to grief through jumping : i once had one crash so hard into a glass tank cover that it didn ' t survive the impact . this is fortunately a rare event , but there isn ' t much that can be done to prevent it . using thin plastic condensation trays to cover the tank rather than heavier glass or acrylic covers is one solution , but such covers need to be changed frequently because they discolor easily under intense lighting .
in the aquarium , cirrhilabrus wrasses seem to have well - defined sleep patterns . when the lights go out at night , they disappear into caves and crevices and do not emerge until after the lights come on again in the morning . they don’t cruise around in the twilight like some other aquarium fishes .
apart from this predilection for jumping , cirrhilabrus wrasses pose relatively few challenges to the hobbyist . they do not seem to be particularly demanding in terms of water quality , and will live in both fish - only tanks and reef aquariums ( they pose no threat to sessile invertebrates ) .
, copepods , and mysis are usually accepted eagerly , and larger individuals also relish krill and chopped shrimp . most
cirrhilabrus species vary widely in adult size , from under 3 inches ( c . flavidorsalis , for example ) to close to 6 inches ( c . cyanopleura , among others ) . their aquariums should be sized accordingly and , as most species are active swimmers , it’s best to err on the side of generosity . none of these wrasses are suitable for nano - reef aquariums , as even the smallest species require more swimming space than such tanks afford .
cirrhilabrus spp . often associate well with other fishes in the aquarium , but there are some exceptions . the main issue in practical terms is mixing cirrhilabrus species with other planktivorous fishes . cirrhilabrus wrasses can generally be considered to be somewhere in the middle of the aggressiveness scale . while they will sometimes bully less assertive planktivores , such as flasher wrasses paracheilinus species , they may be beaten up by tougher fishes , such as the more aggressive of the pseudanthias species .
the risk of conflicts can be minimized by paying careful attention to the order in which the aquarium is stocked ( following the principle of adding less aggressive species before feistier ones ) . larger tanks are also better in this respect than smaller ones . it pays to bear in mind , however , that territorial fights involving cirrhilabrus species are a very common reason for these fishes to jump out of the tank .
one final point to consider in terms of aquarium husbandry is that cirrhilabrus wrasses that originate in deep water are accustomed to less intense illumination than is usually provided for a reef aquarium . although such fishes usually adjust eventually to brightly lit conditions , they may hide at first and ideally should be kept in an aquarium with more subdued lighting .
in the aquarium c . solorensis is a bold species that is usually found swimming in open water , often close to the surface . it generally settles in well when first added to the aquarium unless aggressive species are already present . it grows to about 4 inches and , given that it is a very active swimmer , is best kept in a tank at least 4 feet long . a well - established aquarium favorite , this was one of the first cirrhilabrus species to be scientifically described , back in 1853 . its spectacular colors do not usually fade in the aquarium .
c . aurantidorsalis is only found in sulawesi , indonesia . it grows to around 4 inches and , like c . solorensis , should be kept in a minimum of a 4 - foot tank . this species , or at least some individual specimens , will eat red flatworms convolutriloba retrogemma .
this is one of the smaller cirrhilabrus species , growing to around 3 inches . it should be kept in tanks of 30 gallons or more . it has been reported to eat both flatworms and the pyramidellid snails that parasitize giant clams . it is found only in the indian ocean , around the maldives , the chagos archipelago , and sri lanka .
this species should be kept in tanks of at least 30 gallons for a single fish , and it is possible to keep a male with several females in tanks over 4 feet long . males of this species can change their colors very rapidly when displaying to females or other males , and may revert to female coloration ( possibly even changing sex ) if persistently harassed by another male .
the males of this species , in their display colors , have bright white bellies , with a scarlet head , flanks , and back . the dorsal fin has an elongated first ray , and the pelvic fins are very long . the tail fin has blue spots and streaks .
this color scheme , or variations on it , is also found in some other species . c . joanallenae , from the eastern indian ocean , notably sumatra , is the most similar . the males have a blue tail fin , however , and the large pelvic fins of this species are black rather than red as in c . rubriventralis . c . condei shares the basic red and white color scheme but lacks the elongated first dorsal fin ray and often has black edging to the dorsal fin .
there are several reasons for the high prices . some species are collected in deep water , and others come from areas ( hawai‘i and australia , for example ) where collectors demand higher fees than in more typical fish collecting regions such as indonesia and the philippines .
there are also shipping costs to consider , as it’s a long , long way from sri lanka or the great barrier reef to the united states . this latter point is illustrated by the fact that some species are much less expensive in the united kingdom than in the states : a fish that retails in the uk for the equivalent of $ 50 to $ 60 may fetch $ 100 to $ 200 or even more in the u . s .
created to help individuals around the world identify tropical fish found during their scuba dive and snorkelling excursions .
saw one of these at a lfs a few weeks ago , and it was one of the most beautiful fish i ' d ever seen , so brought it home , even though he seemed a bit shy and reserved in the lfs . placed him in my qt ( everybody ' s in qt , tank is fallow at the moment . . . ) , and he hid behind the pvc pipes , occasionally moving from one location to another . . . and died about a day and a half later , never having swum about naturally or eaten in my care .
today , he ' s tucked into those fittings , not rising with the fire - gobies and dartfish for food , and gilling pretty hard . i ' m worried i might lose him like the last one , and not happy about the prospect . is there something i can do for this guy that i ' m not ? that ' ll help ? ?
personally , i would set up a small 10g tank to qt him in all alone . no copper , dark sides and no lights . try feeding some live foods tisbe or rotifers or baby brine or tiggers . give him sand and pipes .
are you using ionic copper or chelated ? some wrasses are reported sensitive to copper , with ttm being the ideal choice for them for prophylactic ich treatment .
from what i ' ve read many people use the chelated coppers , such as coppersafe , for wrasses cause they seem to do better with that than the ionic forms , such as cupramine .
i also agree with above , he is probably highly stressed , on top of the copper .
to set up a second qt , i ' d have to go out and purchase a complete set of new equipment , and of course find a place to put it . . . but i have turned off the light ( great idea ! ) and covered two sides of the tank ( 40 - breeder ) with a black plastic trash bag . ( the other fish are all significantly smaller than this guy - would they still stress him ? he ' s a full adult , at about 3 - 3 . 5
. i wonder if that has something to do with it , as older animals ( like me ) don ' t always adapt to new situations as well as younger ones do . )
cmkoker , i ' ve been using ionic copper , as it ' s what my salifert test kit can
see
, at about 0 . 18 - 0 . 2ppm . i did about a 70 - 75 % water change last night , and didn ' t replace any copper , so can ' t imagine there ' s very much in there . i ' d love to be able to read the chelated copper , but the salifert kit just won ' t . i had tried kordon ' s
safe copper - aid
, but the test kit couldn ' t see it - even when i put a drop of the medicine straight into the test vial ! ( and unsurprisingly , the fish developed little white dots with that in the tank . . . )
my experience has been that wrasses have a flare for the dramatic , they stress easily from transport and will usually take a couple days to settle down . so the hiding is normal , the increased respiration would concern me more .
do you plan on prazipro treatment at some point ? wrasses have a reputation for flukes , and prophylactic treatment would be a good idea , once he is eating and more relaxed . they can be sensitive to an overdose of these meds so be careful in dosing .
do you have a lid on your quarantine ? they like to jump . .
i use eggcrate , cut to allow filters , with 1 / 4
netting zip tied on to it .
i ' ve got prazipro , so can do . i ' ll give this fellow ( still considering this species one of the most beautiful fish in the world - one that makes me gasp a little , and my eyes go a bit wide , every time i see one . which is , so far , twice . . . ) some quiet time first .
was at about 2 - 3 weeks of copper for the other fish ? but it ' s no worries - the dt is in
fallow
until mid - may . ( even more : - / ) i ' ve got cut eggcrate atop the tank , but without the nylon netting . this guy ' s big enough not to go through the eggcrate , though the fire - gobies could , if they set their fishy little minds to it .
i don ' t like copper for wrasses , really for any circumstance . i feel that more than likely played a heavy role in your first attempt .
what you ' ve describe so far this go - around sounds pretty normal . they tend to stress out the first couple days before they settle in .
the only other point i could see missing here , is ensuring you have sufficient dissolved o2 . if you don ' t have sufficient surface agitation , you should consider adding a power head to the tank .
he ' s a full adult , at about 3 - 3 . 5
. i wonder if that has something to do with it , as older animals ( like me ) don ' t always adapt to new situations as well as younger ones do .
it doesn ' t help for sure , but shouldn ' t be prohibitive .
there ' s a powerhead down near the bottom of the tank with a venturi on it , blasting bubbles and flow across the front , and an aqua - clear 110 up top creating surface flow and hosting bacterial colonies for ammonia control . hopefully , oxygen is covered . . .
will do prazi after he de - stresses - or should i do it before , on the possibility that he ' s gilling so hard because of flukes ? ! , which just occured to me . . .
duke4life , even though copper was being run at 0 . 2ppm , and wasn ' t replaced after the 75 % water change ? ( what ' s 25 % of 0 . 2ppm ? fuzzy math skills , but not skilled at fuzzy math . . .
i certainly could run another 50 - 75 % wc this afternoon , if it ' ll do some good . . .
thanks , hunter ! there ' s a powerhead down near the bottom of the tank with a venturi on it , blasting bubbles and flow across the front , and an aqua - clear 110 up top creating surface flow and hosting bacterial colonies for ammonia control . hopefully , oxygen is covered . . . will do prazi after he de - stresses - or should i do it before , on the possibility that he ' s gilling so hard because of flukes ? ! , which just occured to me . . . ~ bruce
for an answer , but am thinking a freshwater dip may be in your future . . .
duke4life , even though copper was being run at 0 . 2ppm , and wasn ' t replaced after the 75 % water change ? ( what ' s 25 % of 0 . 2ppm ? fuzzy math skills , but not skilled at fuzzy math . . . ) i certainly could run another 50 - 75 % wc this afternoon , if it ' ll do some good . . . ~ bruce
i look at wrasses like i do eels and mandarins , no copper . i know there ' s been research done , everyone has different experiences , but we have no clue how fish really take it , as they ' re not all the same . some do great , while others perish with the slightest bit present . if i were to use i ' d be bringing it up ever ever so slightly daily , and have a good test kit on hand , maybe even 2 different just to be sure when using copper .
if i do bring the copper back up , it will be gradual - probably not more than 5 drops ( 1 drop per gallon raises to 0 . 2ppm with this formulation , and this is a 40 - breeder tank ) per day , until 0 . 2ppm is reached . at this point , i may just wait it out , and see if i spot any dots before even trying .
~ bruce , who likes this fish too much to take more chances than he already has . . .
? have these fish been in your dt or come directly from someplace and placed directly into a quarintine tank ? have you seen something about these fish that makes you worry ? looks ? making sure i have the whole picture here .
the only known issue with any of the others is that one of the zebra darts has an old jaw injury ( 2 - 3months ? ) which will probably never heal , but which still allows him to eat floating bits of food .
at this point , it looks as though the copper level might be at 0 . 05 - 0 . 08 ? kind of hard to read , but it ' s a little bit bluer than clear water , not as deep of a pale icy blue as 0 . 10 . if that makes sense . . .
provides temporary relief for brooklynella , flukes , marine velvet disease ( amyloodinium ) ; possibly even ich & uronema marinum ( both unproven ) . can be used to confirm the presence of flukes .
fill a bucket with rodi water , and use a heater to match the temperature to the water the fish is coming from . aerate the water heavily for at least 30 minutes prior to doing the dip , then discontinue aeration while performing the dip . fish aren’t overly ph sensitive for short durations like this , but you can squirt a little tank water into the dip just before the fish goes in to help bring it up .
place the fish in the freshwater ( fw ) dip and observe closely . it is not unusual for them to freak out a little at first . also , tangs are notorious for “playing dead” during a fw dip . the important thing is to watch their gills ; they should be breathing heavily at all times during the dip . if breathing slows , it’s time to exit the dip . dip the fish for no longer than 5 minutes . multiple dips may be done , but it’s important to give your fish a day to recuperate in - between dips .
for flukes , use a dark ( preferably black ) bucket so you can see if tiny white worms fall out of the fish ( especially out of the gills ) at around the 3 - 4 minute mark . the worms will settle to the bottom , so you can use a flashlight to look for them there as well .
provides temporary relief for a wide range of diseases in a chemical free environment . can “buy you more time” until a proper treatment can be done .
of the parasites / worms afflicting the fish . some fish can have an adverse reaction to a fw dip by appearing unable to maintain their equilibrium once returned to the aquarium . if this happens , hold the fish upright ( using latex , nitrile or rubber gloves ) , and gently glide him through the water ( to get saltwater flowing through the gills again ) . it is also a good idea to place the fish in an acclimation box until he appears “normal” .
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natural environment : inhabits rubble areas along reef edges and usually found at depths between 30 – 85 feet ( 10– 25 m ) where it feeds on zooplankton .
general husbandry : occasionally available in the trade , with the male having an orange or yellow back and a wide purple line down the side with the belly either white , blue or pinkish purple . the female is reddish brown with a white lower face and belly . colors vary depending upon the age of the specimen and breeding timeframes .
can be maintained in reef or fish - only aquariums that should have ample crevices and caves , and peaceful tankmates .
as to diet , will eat most regular aquarium foods , e . g . , finely chopped various frozen or fresh meaty foods such as mysis , squid , fish flesh , shrimp , clam , etc . , and should be offered two to three times daily .
sometimes difficult to get feeding , and if so , fortified live adult brine shrimp may be necessary to get them feeding .
fyi : may hide for several days when first introduced , and also a good jumper , therefore covered aquariums , possibly with eggcrate , are necessary to prevent them from jumping out of the aquarium .
they do not bury themselves in the sand at night , as do many other wrasses . instead , they may form a mucus cocoon similar to some parrotfishes and / or wedge themselves into a rock crevice . it should be noted the cocoon remnants do not seem to harm water quality or other aquarium inhabitants .
males often confused with c . solorensis that has black back . ( per . com . w / hiroyuki tanaka . )
the material on this site may not be reproduced , distributed , transmitted , cached or otherwise used , except with the prior written permission of bob goemans .


sepia bartletti is a species of cuttlefish native to the western pacific ocean .

it is known only from the type locality .

depth range is unknown .

s. bartletti is known from only the holotype and six other specimens ( all cuttlebones ) described by tom iredale in 1954 .

it is possibly a junior synonym of sepia bandensis .

the placement of s. bartletti in the genus sepia is also questionable .

s. bartletti grows to a mantle length of 74 mm .

the type specimen was collected in the misima and conflict group of the louisiade archipelago , to the southeast of papua new guinea .

it is deposited at the australian museum in sydney .

sepia bartletti

sepia bartletti by lambert m . surhone , mariam t . tennoe , susan f . henssonow
( of blandosepia bartletti iredale , 1954 ) van der land , j . ( ed ) . ( 2008 ) . unesco - ioc register of marine organisms ( urmo ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of blandosepia bartletti iredale , 1954 ) iredale , t . ( 1954 ) . cuttle - fish
bones
again . australian zoologist . 12 : 63 - 82 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 67 [ details ]
yes , it ' s a cephalopod ! this squid and other cephalopods are featured in the cephalopod pages maintained at the national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology ! see the following links for more information on cephalopods .
cephalopods in action . this is a multimedia appendix to published papers , that features video clips of cephalopods filmed from submersibles . included are :
the list of species featured in the videos , arranged as a taxonomic list , only relevant taxa included .
introducing an interactive key to the families of the decapodiformes . try this , it ' s exciting !
expedition journals from the search for the giant squid off new zealand , 1999 .
this page was created by jim felley , mike vecchione , clyde roper , mike sweeney , and tyler christensen . if you have questions or comments , contact mike vecchione .
iredale , t . ( 1954 ) . cuttle - fish
bones
again . australian zoologist . 12 : 63 - 82 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 67 [ details ]
van der land , j . ( ed ) . ( 2008 ) . unesco - ioc register of marine organisms ( urmo ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
reid , a . , jereb , p . & roper , c . f . e . ( 2005 ) . family sepiidae . pp . 57 - 152 , in p . jereb & c . f . e . roper eds . cephalopods of the world . an annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date . volume 1 . chambered nautiluses and sepioids ( nautilidae , sepiidae , sepiolidae , sepiadariidae , idiosepiidae and spirulidae ) . fao species catalogue for fishery purposes [ rome , fao ] . 4 ( 1 ) : 262 pp . 9 pls . [ details ]
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
2005 ) . its taxonomic status is uncertain . it is a possible junior synonym of
has been assessed as data deficient as the taxonomic status of this species is unclear . the species is known only from cuttlebones and further research is required before an accurate assessment can be made .
ocean acidification caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is potentially a threat to all cuttlefish . studies have shown that under high pco
basic research is required on this species to elucidate its distribution , population size and life history characteristics .
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confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
seiren rui ( 清蓮 ( せいれん ) 泪 ( るい ) ) , also known as siren ( セイレーン ) , is a scout character introduced in inazuma eleven go .
got her passion for scuba - diving from her mother , who was a shell diver .
after this , she can be scouted for an amount of 2100 kizuna points .
can ' t find a community you love ? create your own and start something epic .


leptosynanceia asteroblepa is a species of stonefish native to the marine and fresh waters of southeast asia .

this species grows to a length of 23 centimetres ( 9.1 in ) tl .

this species is an extremely dangerous fish whose venom can cause a human to die within 1 to 2 hours after contact .

the pain caused by the venom is described as " agonizing " .

this species is the only known member of its genus .

leptosynanceia asteroblepa

the stonefish , ( leptosynanceia asteroblepa ) can go from appearing to be a simple , harmless rock lying on the ocean’s floor to a stone - cold killer in a flash , making it one of nature’s most amazing quick - change artists .
citation :
mangrove stonefishes , leptosynanceia asteroblepa ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
( of synanceia asteroblepa richardson , 1844 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
research leptosynanceia asteroblepa » barcode of life ~ bioone ~ biodiversity heritage library ~ cites ~ cornell macaulay library [ audio / video ] ~ encyclopedia of life ( eol ) ~ esa online journals ~ fishbase ~ florida museum of natural history ichthyology department ~ gbif ~ google scholar ~ itis ~ iucn redlist ( threatened status ) ~ marine species identification portal ~ ncbi ( pubmed , genbank , etc . ) ~ ocean biogeographic information system ~ plos ~ siris ~ tree of life web project ~ unep - wcmc species database ~ worms
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indo - pacific : indochina , myanmar , malaysia , indonesia and new guinea .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 23 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 7050 )
produce venom which cause agonizing pain at best or death within 1 - 2 hours .
kottelat , m . , a . j . whitten , s . n . kartikasari and s . wirjoatmodjo , 1993 . freshwater fishes of western indonesia and sulawesi . periplus editions , hong kong . 221 p . ( ref . 7050 )
) : 27 . 3 - 29 . 2 , mean 28 . 6 ( based on 916 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 4 . 0 ±0 . 7 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 34 of 100 ) .
the webpage text is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial 4 . 0 license
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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check - list of the fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and of the mediterranean ( clofnam ) , vol . 1
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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welcome to our website . if you continue to browse and use this website you are agreeing to comply with and be bound by the following terms and conditions of use . 1 . the content of the pages of this website is for your general information and use only . it is subject to change without notice . 2 . neither we nor any third parties provide any warranty or guarantee as to the accuracy , timeliness , performance , completeness or suitability of the information and materials found or offered on this website for any particular purpose . you acknowledge that such information and materials may contain inaccuracies or errors and we expressly exclude liability for any such inaccuracies or errors to the fullest extent permitted by law . 3 . the fish photos in this website are all under the cc ( creative commons ) license . you should denote
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if you use our photos in your books , websites , etc .
known for being the most venomous fish in the world , the stonefish makes its home in the shallow water among the coral reefs of the indian and pacific oceans off africa and the red sea to northern australia . there are an estimated twenty species of stonefish in the family of scorpion fishes , known for their razor - sharp dorsal fin spines which come factory - equipped with a venom so lethal it can kill any human being unfortunate enough to accidentally step on them . the fish has no scales , appears to be a rough stone with a rounded fish body and huge bug - like eyes . it weighs about 5 pounds , or 2400 grams , and can grow to about a foot long , or 30 to 35 cm . it feeds upon other fishes gliding above what they think is nothing but a harmless rock . many a small fish or shrimp has become a meal for a fish so quick it snaps up its prey in less than a 15th of a second . it gets its name from the mottled grey , reddish - brown and white coloring that makes it look like a rock , another defense mechanism of the stonefish .
human victims of the stonefish’s venom can’t do much to save themselves with the possible exception of applying heat . the application of heat to the stonefish’s venom renders the toxin somewhat ineffective . but in cases where a simple application of heat won’t save the day , anti - venom is available . fishermen and others not careful about where they walk will feel the deadly sting of this remarkable animal , and some may not live to tell the tale .
the stonefish is prey to bottom - feeding scavengers like sharks . however , its defense , the row of 13 spines along its back , is quite effective against any fish that may attempt to put its jaws around the stonefish . the venom causes severe pain , paralysis and shock , and , once discharged , takes a few weeks to regenerate itself . during this time . the stonefish is not necessarily rendered helpless , the spines are still painfully sharp and surgically incisive .
the stonefish is not threatened or endangered in any way . picture of the stonefish above licensed under gfdl
) : 27 . 3 - 29 . 2 , mean 28 . 6 ( based on 916 cells ) . phylogenetic diversity index ( ref .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref .
) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
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chinese academy of fishery sciences ( 2003 ) chinese aquatic germplasm resources database . : urltoken
department of fisheries malaysia ( 2009 ) valid local name of malaysian marine fishes . : department of fisheries malaysia . ministry of agriculture and agro - based industry . 180 p .
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication .
hureau , j . - c . , and th . monod , eds . , 1973 : null . check - list of the fishes of the north - eastern atlantic and of the mediterranean ( clofnam ) , vol . 1 . xxii + 683 .
kottelat , m . , a . j . whitten , s . n . kartikasari and s . wirjoatmodjo ( 1993 ) freshwater fishes of western indonesia and sulawesi . : periplus editions , hong kong . 221 p .
wu , h . l . , k . - t . shao and c . f . lai ( eds . ) ( 1999 ) latin - chinese dictionary of fishes names . : the sueichan press , taiwan . 1028 p .
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this home page section for this species is currently being developed and will be completed asap ! if you would like to help out or know of a great video , photo or site about this species , let us know and we ' ll notify you as soon as it is finished . our current project plan is to have all marine species home pages finished before christmas this year . if you ' d like to find out more about our ongoing projects here at marinebio , check out our marinebio projects page .
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for all at last returns to the sea — to oceanus , the ocean river , like the everflowing stream of time , the beginning and the end .
- rachel carson
richardson , john . 1844 . ichthyology . - - part 1 . [ unspecified publisher ] vol . 5 , no . 10 : 51 - 70 .
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nebaliopsis typica is a species of leptostracan crustacean , the only species in the genus nebaliopsis .

it is exceptionally large for a leptostracan , at up to 40 millimetres ( 1.6 in ) in length , compared to 5 – 15 mm ( 0.2 – 0.6 in ) for the other species .

it is also the only species not to brood its eggs , but instead lays them directly into the water ; correspondingly , there is no sexual dimorphism in nebaliopsis .

in contrast to the other leptostracans , which are all benthic , nebaliopsis has a wide pelagic distribution in the southern hemisphere , having been found off both coasts of south america , off ghana and côte d'ivoire , in the south-western indian ocean , the south pacific ocean and in the scotia sea .

nebaliopsis

worms - world register of marine species - nebaliopsis typica g . o . sars , 1887
mauchline , j . ( 1984 ) . euphausiid , stomatopod and leptostracan crustaceans : keys and notes for the identification of the species . synopses of the british fauna ( new series ) , 30 . e . j . brill ; w . backhuys : london , uk . isbn 90 - 04 - 07471 - 6 . vii , 91 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
walker - smith g . k . & poore g . c . b . ( 2001 ) . a phylogeny of the leptostraca ( crustacea ) with keys to families and genera . memoirs of museum victoria 58 ( 2 ) : 383 - 410 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
intergovernmental oceanographic commission ( ioc ) of unesco . the ocean biogeographic information system ( obis ) , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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walker - smith , genefor k . , and gary c . b . poore
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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in : chihara , m . & m . murano ( eds . ) , an illustrated guide to marine plankton in japan . tokai university press , tokyo , 1005 - 1009 ( in japanese ) .
walker - smith , g . k . and g . c . b . poore ( 2001 )
a phylogeny of the leptostraca ( crustacea ) with keys to families and genera .
occurrence record in darwincore format ( elements of obis schema and some of dwc1 . 4 )
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