the karoo long-billed lark ( certhilauda subcoronata ) or karoo longbill is a species of lark in the family alaudidae .

it is found in southern africa in its natural habitat of subtropical or tropical dry shrubland .

karoo long - billed lark

karoo long - billed lark , karoo national park , south africa . [ photo trevor hardaker © ]
karoo long - billed lark certhilauda subcoronata ( 500 . 3 ) ( karoolangbeklewerik )
the long - billed larks have long , slender , down - curved bills .
alternate names for the somali : somali bushlark and somali long - billed lark .
not threatened , in fact it is the most common long - billed lark species .
the karoo lark hasstreaked reddish upperparts ; streaked breast , flanks . similar to : red lark . karoo lark has more extensive streaking on underparts than red lark .
the karoo long - billed lark has reddish - brown upperparts with little streaking ; pale underparts with streaked breast ; white throat . it has long , slender , down - curved bill .
the cape long - billed lark was originally placed in the genus alauda ( as a . curvirostris ) .
the red lark has red upperparts ; streaked breast ; white belly , flanks ; thick bill . similar to : karoo lark . karoo lark has more extensive streaking on underparts than red lark .
karoo long - billed lark ( as c . c . damarensis , c . c . bradshawi , c . c . subcoronata and c . c . gilli ) .
the tibetan lark is found on the tibetan plateau from north - western india to central china . alternate names for this species include the asiatic lark , long - billed calandra lark .
experiences with species long - billed larks are often heard before seen , with their descending whistled call . other names : longbilled lark
the australasian bushlark is also called australasian lark , australian lark , eastern bushlark , eastern lark , eastern singing bushlark , horsfield ' s lark and javan lark .
the eastern long - billed lark has reddish - brown upperparts with little streaking ; pale underparts with streaked breast ; white throat . it has long , slender , down - curved bill .
semi - arid karoo shrublands and fore - namib mountains ; especially abundant in the nama karoo . favours . . .
alternate names for the bar - tailed lark include : bar - tailed finch - lark , black - tailed desert lark , black - tailed lark , and black - tailed sand lark .
the syke ' s lark has rufous plumage ; prominent crest . alternate names for sykes ' ssskylark include deccan rrested lark , deccan lark , sykes ' s crested - lark , tawny creste lark .
introduction : of the 4 subspecies of karoo long - billed lark ( certhilauda subcoronata ) , 2 can be observed in namibia . their main habitat range is semi - arid dwarf shrubland and rocky ridges and stony plains with grassy shrubland . spitzkoppe
the erlanger ' s lark is also called erlanger ' s red - capped lark , erlanger ' s short - toed lark and ethiopian short - toed lark .
ryan , p . g . and bloomer , p . ( 1999 ) the long - billed lark complex : a species mosaic in southwestern africa . auk 116 : 194 - 208 .
the agulhas lark has heavily streaked upperparts and lowerparts . it has long , slender , down - curved bill .
the thick - billed lark has a huge bill ; gray upperparts . sides of male head dark with some white patches .
roberts , 1936 – s karoo ( from touwsrivier e to beaufort west ) .
the short - tailed lark has a long bill ; short tail ; white supercilium ; black vertical line below eye .
the cape lark has heavily streaked upperparts and lowerparts ; white throat . it has long , slender , down - curved bill .
the malabar lark has reddish - brown upperparts , breast ; whitish belly ; distinct crest . similar to : crested lark . crested lark has grayish - brown upperparts . malabar lark has reddish - brown upperparts .
s ome consider the somali short - toed lark as a subspecies of the lesser short - toed lark .
the short - clawed lark has light colored upperparts with darker streaking ; long thin bill ; yellowis - tinged buffy underparts with light streaking on upper - breast . it has long , slender , down - curved bill .
the pink - billed lark has a stout pink bill ; white supercilium , throat . subspecies vary from pale ( image 1 ) to deep rufous .
apparently resident . counts in s karoo revealed erratic fluctuations in population density , but . . .
rasmussen , p . c . and parry , s . j . ( 2001 ) the taxonomic status of the
long - billed
vulture gyps indicus . vulture news 44 : 18 - 21 .
the crested lark has grayish - brown upperparts , breast ; whitish underparts ; distinct crest ; reddish under - wings visible in flight . similar to : malabar lark . crested lark has grayish - brown upperparts . malabar lark has reddish - brown upperparts .
the cape clapper lark derives its name from its wing clapping which forms part of its display . similar to : flappet lark . cape clapper lark is found in the south and western parts of southern africa ; flappet lark is found in eastern part of southern africa .
the flappet lark derives its name from its wing clapping which forms part of its display . similar to : cape clapper lark . cape clapper lark is found in the south and western parts of southern africa ; flappet lark is found in eastern part of southern africa .
the male fischer ' s sparrow - lark has white cheeks ; black collar , line down center of underparts similar to : chestnut - headed sparrow - lark . male chestnut - headed sparrow - lark has white mini crown ; male fischer ' s sparrow - lark has brown crown . female chestnut - headed sparrow - lark has some black on belly ; female fischer ' s sparrow lark has white belly .
ryan , p . ( 2018 ) . karoo long - billed lark ( certhilauda subcoronata ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
certhilauda [ subcoronata or damarensis , excl . bradshawi ] ( karoo or damara longbill [ excl . bradshawi ] ) - avibase
the temminck ' s lark has reddish - gray - brown upperparts ; whie underparts with black breast - band ; black and white face pattern . similar to : horned lark . horned lark has yellow in its face pattern ; temminck ' s lark has black and yellow face pattern .
the males of the williams lark perform long , drawn - out , conspicuous song - flights above their territories after the rains at dawn , making them easy to find at this time .
the male chestnut - headed sparrow - lark has black collar , bib ; white cheeks , mini crown ; chestnut nape . female has duller plumage . similar to : fischer ' s sparrow - lark . male chestnut - headed sparrow - lark has white mini crown ; male fischer ' s sparrow - lark has brown crown . female chestnut - headed sparrow - lark has some black on belly ; female fischer ' s sparrow lark has white belly .
rufous - naped lark has rufous primaries ( readily visible when in flight ) ; rufous crown . similar to : rufous - winged lark . rufous - naped lark found above 1300 meters ; rufous - winged found below 1300 meters .
the gray ' s lark has pale upperparts ; white underparts ; no streaking .
the red - winged lark has rufous primary flight feathers ; may have dark patches on sides of breast . similar to : rufous - naped lark . rufous - naped lark found above 1300 meters ; rufous - winged found below 1300 meters .
ryan , p . g . , hood , i . , bloomer , p . , komen , j . and crowe , t . m . ( 1998 ) barlow ' s lark : a new species in the karoo lark certhilauda albescens complex of southwest africa . ibis 140 : 605 - 619 .
the horned lark has mainly gray - brown upperparts ; whtish underparts ; black and yellow face pattern ; mostly black tail . summer male has black horns . similar to : american pipit . juvenile horned lark is similar to american pipit . similar to : chestnut - collared longspur . horned lark has black stripe on chin ; chestnut - collared longsput does not . similar to : temminck ' s lark . horned lark has yellow in its face pattern ; temminck ' s lark has black and yellow face pattern .
the sparrow - larks belong to the lark farmily but have sparrow - like appearance .
the melodious lark has white supercilium , throat ; buffy underparts with streaking on beast .
the natural habitat of the sclater ' s lark is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland .
karoo or damara longbill [ excl . bradshawi ] certhilauda [ subcoronata or damarensis , excl . bradshawi ] ( = certhilauda subcoronata ) smith , a , 1843
bensch , s . and pearson , d . ( 2002 ) the large - billed reed warbler acrocephalus orinus revisited . ibis 144 : 259 - 267 .
barlow ' s lark is name after the south african businessman and conservationist charles sydney barlow .
the thekla lark has grayish - brown upperparts ; streaked breast ; whitish belly ; crest .
formerly , some authorities have classified rudd ' s lark as belonging to the genus mirafra .
season varies geographically : breeds after winter rains in sw , eggs sept–oct ; later , in nov–dec , in c karoo , and even later , . . .
the greater short - toed lark has dark streaked grayish - brown upperparts ; white underparts ; pale supercilium ; sometimes a rufous crown . simillar to : lesser short - toed lark . greater short - toed lark has longer bill than lesser short - toed lack which has stubbier bill .
the sand lark has faintly streaked dull grayish - brown upperparts ; short tail ; fine bill .
dupont ' s lark has brown upperparts ; streaked breast ; white belly , sides of tail .
the archer ' s lark has brown to reddish brown upperparts ; buff underparts with streaked breast .
the sing bush - lark has whitish supercilium , tail edges ; whitish underparts with spotted streaks .
the lesser short - toed lark has dark streaked grayish - brown upperparts ; white underparts ; pale supercilium ; shorty stubby bill ; fine streaking across breast . simillar to : greater short - toed lark . greater short - toed lark has longer bill than lesser short - toed lack which has stubbier bill .
the beasley ' s lark was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the spike - heeled lar k .
the gray - backed sp [ arrow - lawk is also called the gray - backed finch - lark .
the botha ' s lark ' s natural habitats are subtropical or tropical high - altitude grassland and pastureland .
not globally threatened . common to very common in most of range ; widely distributed in w interior of s africa . particularly numerous in c karoo , where it reaches the highest . . .
the lesser hoopoe - lark is endemic to somalia where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland .
the fawn - colored lark has fawn colored ( light brown ) upperpar ts ; whitish underparts ; white supercilium .
collar , n . j . and long , a . j . ( 1995 ) taxonomy and names of carpococcyx cuckoos from the greater sundas . forktail 11 : 135 - 150 .
have more elaborate calls than most birds . these melodious sounds ( to human ears ) have ensured larks a prominent place in literature and music , especially the skylark in northern europe and the crested lark and calandra lark in southern europe .
the calandra lark has streaked grayish - brown upperparts ; white underparst , supercilium ; black patches on sides of lower neck .
the rusty lark is typically found inhabiting the dry savannah ecoregions of chad , mali , niger , sudan , and togo .
the nest is cup built of roots and twigs and lined with the fluffy seeds of the karoo rosemary ( eriocephalus ) . it is typically placed in a shallow excavated hollow at the base of a shrub or stone .
the range of the angolan lark is sizable , and is found in angola , democratic republic of congo , tanzania and zambia .
the friedmann ' s lark is best identified by its distinctive song ; a long , drawn - out singular note , hoo - ee - oo ( with slight stress on the ee ) , repeated at 1 or 2 second intervals . it is heard more often at night , and given while atop a bush or during undulating display flights
the desert lark has sand - colored upperparts ; pale grayish - pink underparts ; thick bill with yellow base ; reddish - brown tail .
the blanford ' s lark is native to north - east africa and arabia . its common name commemorates the english zoologist william thomas blanford .
the red - capped lark has streaked gray to brown upperparts ( subspecies dependent ) ; rufous cap , shoulders ; white underparts , supercilium .
the mongolian lark has brown upperparts ; broad white eye - ring ; white line extending behind eye ; white throat ; black neck band .
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the ash ' s lark has grayish - brown upperparts ; paler edging to mantle feathers ; buff underparts with brownish breast streaks ; paler belly .
endemic to southern africa , occurring from central namibia though to the northern cape , western cape and the free state province . it generally prefers semi - arid dwarf shrubland ( such as karoo ) and grassy shrubland on boulder - strewn plains and rocky ridges .
the kordofan lark has a large range that spans the continent from mauritania and senegal to niger , eastern chad , southern sudan and northern south sudan .
kennerley , p . r . , bakewell , d . n . and round , p . d . ( 2008 ) rediscovery of a long - lost charadrius plover from south - east asia . forktail 24 : 63 - 79 .
the range of the monotonous lark is quite broad , extending over six countries : angola , botswana , namibia , south africa , zambia , and zimbabwe .
similar to : pipits . larks are stouter than pipits . top of lark ' s bill is curved versus the flatter surface of a pipit ' s bill .
the foxy lark is found in western south africa and possibly namibia . its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland .
the greater hoopoe - lark has sandy gray upperparts ; buffy white breast with spots ; dark eye - line and whisker - type line ; down - curved bill .
the male black - eared sparrow - lark has dark rufous upperparts ; black underparts , head ; lighter ear coverts . female has lighter rufous upperparts ; streaked underparts .
the male black lark has black plumage wih pale fringing on its back ; yellowish or pinkish bill . female has mainly dark - blotched gray upperparts ; paler underparts .
most species build nests on the ground , usually cups of dead grass , but in some species more complicated and partly domed . like many ground birds , most lark species have long hind claws , which are thought to provide stability while standing . most have streaked brown plumage , some boldly marked with black or white . their dull appearance camouflages them on the ground , especially when on the nest . they feed on insects and seeds ; though adults of most species eat seeds primarily , many species dig with their bills to uncover food . some larks have heavy bills for cracking seeds open , while others have long , down - curved bills , which are especially suitable for digging .
the rufous - rumped lark it is found in western and central africa from mali , guinea and sierra leone to eastern sudan , south sudan and north - western uganda .
collar , n . j . , dingle , c . , gabremichael , m . n . and spottiswoode , c . n . ( 2009 ) taxonomic status of the degodi lark mirafra degodiensis , with notes on the voice of gillett ' s lark m . gilletti . . bull . brit . ornithol . club 129 : 49 - 56 .
the males are well marked with a contrasting black - and - white face pattern , while females are sandy brown , looking similar to a female sparrow . males are easily detected during the breeding season by the long descending whistle that accompanies their undulating and dive - bombing flight displays
the dusky lark is found in southern central africa ; it is a summer migrant to more southernly areas . its natural habitats are dry savannah and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland .
the dunn ' s lark has pale streaked sandy - brown upperparts ; whitish underparts with some dark streaks on breast ; pale supercilium , eye - ring ; large and heavy pinkish or yellowish bill .
the male black - crowned sparrow - lark has black crown , underparts ; white forehead , cheeks ; sand colored upperparts . female has rufous - buff upperparts , breast ; whitish nape ; pale belly .
the white - winged lark has streaked brown upperparts ; whitish underparts . adult male has chestnut crown . in flight it has black outer flight feathers ; white inner flight feathers ; rest of wing chestnut .
spottiswoode , c . n . , olsson , u . , mills , m . s . , cohen , c . , francis , j . e . , toye , n . , hoddinott , d . , dagne , a . , wood , c . , donald , p . f . , collar , n . j . and alström , p . 2013 . rediscovery of a long - lost lark reveals the conspecificity of endangered heteromirafra populations in the horn of africa . journal of ornithology 154 ( 3 ) : 813 - 825 .
the white - tailed lark is found in western chad , eastern sudan , north - eastern south sudan , south - central ethiopia , and from uganda and western kenya to central tanzania . it occurs mainly around lake chad and lake victoria .
the bimaculated lark has streaked gray upperparts ; white underparts , supercilium ; 2 small black patches on the breast sides ( whence its name ) . in flight it has gray - brown wings from below ; short tail with white tip but not white edges .
the whole of the overberg region is good raptor country ; regularly seen species include secretarybird , martial eagle , lesser kestrel and black harrier . common and characteristic species of the agricultural lands are white stork , black crow , southern thick - billed and red - capped larks , capped wheatear , orange - throated longclaw , pied starling , pin - tailed whydah , yellow canary and , particularly in stubble fields , cloud cisticola ( p . 57 * ) .
guillaumet , alban ; pons , jean - marc ; godelle , bernard ; crochet , pierre - andre ( 2006 ) .
history of the crested lark in the mediterranean region as revealed by mtdna sequences and morphology
. molecular phylogenetics and evolution 39 ( 3 ) : 645–56 . doi : 10 . 1016 / j . ympev . 2006 . 01 . 002 .
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( sharpe , 1904 ) – s namibia and nw south africa ( bushmanland ) .
18–22 cm ( male on average 12–14 % larger in body measurements , 28 % longer bill ) ; 31–55 g . moderately streaked plumage , with narrow pale supercilium and . . .
male song , given throughout year , a descending whistle , “peeoooo” , in s of range . . .
food includes wide variety of insects and spiders ; also seeds , fruits and small corms , but apparently few , if any , grass seeds . forages on . . .
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recent molecular phylogeny of this family # r —the most comprehensive attempted to date—has recommended novel arrangements for several species and genera , including the resurrection of a number of abandoned genus - group names .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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adam riley , rmoenke , loutjie , holger teichmann , nik borrow , marco valentini , lars petersson , guy poisson , paul van giersbergen , aleix comas , frans vandewalle , charles hesse , cristiano crolle , fran trabalon , manakincarmelo , ken havard .
bird seen preforming display flight and song without playback . habitat : plateau grassland with small patches of shrubs . recording filtered to remove wing noise .
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this species has a very large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend appears to be stable , and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : certhilauda subcoronata . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
it mainly eats insects supplemented with seeds , plucking food items from beneath stones and the bases of plants . it is a pest for farmers , as it sometimes digs up planted grains . the following food items have been recorded in its diet :
it lays 2 - 3 eggs , usually in the months from august - april .
the chicks are fed by both parents , becoming independent several weeks after leaving the nest .
hockey par , dean wrj and ryan pg 2005 . roberts - birds of southern africa , viith ed . the trustees of the john voelcker bird book fund , cape town .
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diet : searches at the base of plants , turning over stones for grasshoppers , ants , beetles , termites and spiders . also takes seeds of shrubs and some fruits .
refers to the pale supercilium , which is above the eye and below the crown .
breeding : females lay 2 or 3 eggs from january to april in a tidy twig and root cup .
this small luxury camp is the latest addition to the wolwedans lodge collection . it is situated around 45km south of the other lodges and therefore offers an insight into a different aspect of the namibrand nature reserve
a small intimate lodge in an amazing part of the namib desert . while the lodge can be used as a base from which to visit the dunes at sossusvlei , the tranquil and beautiful environment make it a destination in it ' s own right
dunes camp is the simplest of the establishments on the namib rand reserve . accommodation comes in the form of dome tents each with own bathroom .
wooden units built on platforms overlooking the namibrand reserve . as with all the wolwedans properties expect some of the best views in namibia , great food and excellent service
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( see pp . 64 , 116 * ) . the area is also pleasantly scenic , with only the scatter of fiery red aloes across the winter hillsides destroying the illusion of a restful southern european landscape .
this website is maintained by birding africa . please do not use any text , images or content from this site without permission . © birding africa 1997 - 2009 info @ urltoken 4 crassula way , pinelands , 7405 , cape town , south africa
30 may 09 : a tragedy unfolds at kommetjie south of cape town as 44 beached false killer whales were shot . click here for more details and pictures . 14 march 09 : raptor watch in cape town on 14 march 09
c . c . falcirostris - reichenow , 1916 : originally described as a separate species . found in south - western namibia to western south africa
birdlife international uses the taxonomy published in the two volumes of the hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world and subsequent updates .
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the hbw / birdlife international taxonomic working group makes decisions on modifications to the checklist , making extensive use of systematic criteria by which species rank can be consistently assessed where this is necessary ( e . g . for newly described species or proposed splits ) . these criteria ( tobias et al . 2010 ) involve weighting morphological and acoustic differences as compared with the nearest believed relative , and are particularly intended to help make decisions involving allopatric taxa ( as opposed to those in sympatric , parapatric or hybrid zone situations , where the situation is generally clearer ) .
prior to the publication of the first volume of the hbw / birdlife checklist ( for non - passerines ) in 2014 and the second volume ( for passerines ) in 2016 , birdlife published an annually updated taxonomic checklist based on the taxonomies followed in a number of regional lists .
we envisage two main types of comment : proposals to consider splitting or lumping of taxa which were not scored against the tobias criteria in the published volumes of the checklist ( 2014 , 2016 ) ; and , for those species that were scored in the checklist ( whether this resulted in a split , a lump , or no change ) , proposals involving new information which may lead to revisions of these scores . video and audio recordings , records of presence in key areas , and descriptions of key features , behaviour and ecology , are among the variety of ways in which fieldworkers , ornithologists and birdwatchers can supply new evidence to help resolve ongoing taxonomic challenges and uncertainties .
to contribute information to aid in future taxonomic revisions , please go to the relevant species or family page on the hbw alive website and add your comment in the ‘comment’ section , leaving your full name and a contact email address ( subscription to hbw alive is not necessary to access this ) . all comments will be taken into consideration , but please note that it will not be possible for birdlife or lynx to give online feedback to comments received , or to provide individual responses to all contributors . where taxonomic changes are to be adopted , note that there will necessarily be some lag time before revised taxa can be assessed against the red list criteria and published on the birdlife and iucn red list websites and in future updates to hbw alive .
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . and fishpool , l . d . c . 2014 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : non - passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk . passerines
del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 1 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
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beehler , b . m . , prawiradilaga , d . m . , de fretes , y . and kemp , n . ( 2007 ) a new species of smoky honeyeater ( meliphagidae : melipotes ) from western new guinea . auk 124 : 1000 - 1009 .
benkman , c . w . ( 1994 ) comments on the ecology and status of the hispaniola crossbill ( loxia leucoptera megaplaga ) , with recommendations for its conservation . caribb . j . sci . 30 : 250 - 254 .
benson , c . w . and irwin , m . p . s . ( 1965 ) a new species of tinker - barbet from northern rhodesia . bull . brit . ornithol . club 85 : 5 - 9 .
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beresford , p . , fjeldså , j . and kiure , j . ( 2004 ) a new species of akalat ( sheppardia ) narrowly endemic in the eastern arc of tanzania . auk 121 : 23 - 34 .
bergmann , h . - h . and schottler , b . h . ( 2001 ) tenerife robin - a species of its own ? . dutch birding 23 : 140 - 146 .
birdlife international ( 2000 ) threatened birds of the world . barcelona and cambridge : lynx edicions and birdlife international .
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boon , w . m . , daugherty , c . h . and chambers , g . k . ( 2001 ) the norfolk island green parrot and new caledonian red - crowned parakeet are distinct species . emu 101 : 113 - 121 .
boon , w . m . , kearvell , j . c . , daugherty , c . h . and chambers , g . k . ( 2000 ) molecular systematics of new zealand cyanoramphus parakeets : conservation of orange - fronted and forbes ' parakeets . bird conserv . int . 10 : 211 - 239 .
bornschein , m . r . , maurício , g . n . , belmonte - lopes , r . , mata , h . and bonatto , s . l . ( 2007 ) diamantina tapaculo , a new scytalopus endemic to the chapada diamantina , northeastern brazil ( passeriformes : rhinocryptidae ) . rev . bras . ornitol . 15 : 151 - 174 .
bornschein , m . r . , reinert , b . l . and pichorim , m . ( 1998 ) descriça1o , ecologia e conservaça1o de um novo scytalopus ( rhinocryptidae ) so sul do brasil , com comentários sobre a morfologia da família . ararajuba 6 : 3 - 36 .
bornschein , m . r . , reinert , b . l . and teixeira , d . m . ( 1995 ) um novo formicariidae do sul do brasil ( aves , passeriformes ) . rio de janeiro : instituto iguaçu de pesquisa e preservaçao ambiental .
borras , a . , cabrera , j and senar , j . c . ( 2008 ) local divergence between mediterranean crossbills occurring in two different species of pine . ardeola 55 : 169 - 177 .
bourne , w . r . p . , ashmole , n . p . and simmons , k . e . l . ( 2003 ) a new subfossil night heron and a new genus for the extinct rail for ascension island , central tropical ocean . ardea 91 : 45 - 51 .
bowie , r . c . k . , fjeldså , j . , hackett , s . j . and crowe , t . m . ( 2004 ) systematics and biogeography of double - collared sunbirds from the eastern arc mountains , tanzania . auk 121 : 660 - 681 .
bowie , r . c . k . and fjeldså , j . ( 2005 ) genetic and morphological evidence for two species in the udzungwa forest partridge xenoperdix udzungwensis . j . east afr . nat . hist . 94 : 191 - 201 .
bowie , r . c . k . , voelker , g . , fjeldså , j . , lens , l . , hackett , s . j . and crowe , t . m . ( 2005 ) systematics of the olive thrush turdus olivaceous species complex with reference to the taxonomic status of the endangered taita thrush t . helleri . j . avian biol . 36 : 391 - 404 .
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brooks , t . m . , evans , t . d . , dutson , g . c . l . , anderson , g . q . a . , asane , d . c . , timmins , r . j . and toledo , a . g . ( 1992 ) the conservation status of the birds of negros , philippines . bird conserv . int . 2 : 273 - 302 .
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browning , m . r . ( 1993 ) species limits of the cave swiftlets ( collocalia ) in micronesia . avocetta 17 : 101 - 106 .
bunce , m . , szulkin , m . , lerner , h . r . l . , barnes , i . , shapiro , b . , cooper , a . and holdaway , r . n . ( 2005 ) ancient dna provides new insights into the evolutionary history of new zealand ' s extinct giant eagle . plos biol . 3 : 44 - 46 .
burbidge , l . , colbourne , r . m . , roberston , h . a . and baker , a . j . ( 2003 ) molecular and other biological evidence supports the recognition of at least three species of brown kiwi . conserv . genet . 4 : 167 - 177 .
butchart , d . ; mundy , p . 1981 . cape vultures in botswana . babbler : 6 - 7 .
cain , a . j . and galbraith , i . c . j . ( 1956 ) field notes on the birds of the eastern solomon islands . ibis 98 : 100 - 134 , 262 - 295 .
carantón - ayala , d . and certuche - cubillos , k . ( 2010 ) a new species of antpitta ( grallariidae : grallaria ) from the northern sector of the western andes of colombia . ornitol . colomb . 9 : 56 - 70 .
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spion kop ( 1917 – 1941 ) was an irish-bred , british-trained thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

in a career that lasted from 1919 until 1921 , spion kop ran fourteen times winning two races .

after an undistinguished early career in which he lost his first six races , he improved as a three-year-old to win the epsom derby in record time in 1920 .

after his retirement from racing he had some success as a stallion .

spion kop ( horse )

1920 epsom derby spion kop horse racing 8x4 inch reprin . . . 1920 epsom derby spion kop horse racing 8x4 inch reprin . . .
1920 epsom derby spion kop horse racing 8x4 inch repri . . .
sunset boat cruise on spion kop dam in the spion kop nature reserve , an opportunity to see some game before return to the lodge for cocktails followed by dinner .
save spion kop to get e - mail alerts and updates on your ebay feed .
three boer snipers defend spion kop , a prominent feature dominating the terrain . the . . .
spion kop ( b . 1917 ) , won 1920 epsom derby , sire of felstead etc .
spion kop was sent into training wif peter giwpin at his cwarehaven stabwes at newmarket , suffowk . [ 5 ]
three boer snipers defend spion kop , a prominent feature dominating the terrain . the . . . | the australian war memorial
we as a family really enjoyed our recent weekend stay at spion kop lodge . it was a tranquil and beautiful environment to relax and de - stress .
vintage
spion kop
name plate from lner class a3 steam locomotive . also known as the
gresley
class , this was a 4 - 6 - 2 steam locomotive designed by sir nigel gresley for hauling passenger services . many were named after famous race horses . the
spion kop
was one of them , built in april 1929 and withdrawn from service in october 1963 ( lner 2752 , br 60098 ) . spion kop ( the race horse ) won the epsom derby in record time in 1920 .
spion kop , a “strong , handsome” [ 2 ] bay horse wif a white bwaze and four white socks , was bred by his owner major giwes loder who had inherited de eyrefiewd stud near caragh in county kiwdare from his uncwe eustace “lucky” loder [ 3 ] in 1914 . [ 4 ] he was named after de battwe of spion kop ( 1900 ) .
had a wonderful stay at the spion kop lodge - great place , great people . i am looking forward to visiting again with my family . i would thoroughly recommend it !
in deir book a century of champions , john randaww and tony morris rated spion kop a “poor” derby winner . more specificawwy , dey rated him eqwaw wif aboyeur as one of de two worst cowts to have won de race in de 20f century . spion kop was not even de best middwe distance cowt in his own stabwe , dat honour cwearwy bewonging to comrade . [ 19 ]
spion kop’s sire spearmint had been eustace loder’s most successfuw horse winning de derby and de grand prix de paris in 1906 . at stud , he was fairwy successfuw , siring royaw lancer ( st leger ) , zionist ( irish derby ) and pwucky liege . hammerkop , spion kop’s dam was a top - cwass staying racehorse who won de yorkshire oaks in 1903 and de cesarewitch handicap in 1905 , but produced no oder winners in a wong stud career .
three boer snipers defend spion kop , a prominent feature dominating the terrain . the commander - in - chief natal army , general sir redvers buller , was ordered to relieve ladysmith which was held under siege by boer forces . in two days of fighting at spion kop , 322 british troops were killed . while no australian state unit was involved , many individual australians served with british units that conducted the relief campaign . several were also wounded in the battle .
arrive at spion kop lodge . the farmstead on which spion kop lodge is located , was seconded by the commander - in - chief of the british forces , sir redvers buller , for his headquarters . his troops camped on the farm for several days prior to the battle of spion kop . the british suffered heavy losses in an effort to relieve the beleaguered town of ladysmith , where their forces were besieged by boer commandos for 118 days situated on the original spearman farm in what is today a 700 hectare eco reserve , with some 270 bird species , an abundance of antelope , indigenous bush , and in june and july , a concentration of flowering aloes , whose beauty leaves one breathless .
like his sire spion kop , felstead made little impact in his first season . he failed to win in four races , with his best effort coming when he finished second in a
very small
handicap race at chepstow . [ 7 ]
spion kop den attempted to emuwate his sire by travewwing to france for de grand prix de paris at longchamp , a much anticipated event , which , wif a first prize of £12 , 000 , was de most vawuabwe race in de worwd at de time . [ 11 ] having narrowwy escaped a fire which destroyed his horse - box , [ 12 ] spion kop started joint - favourite , but finished unpwaced behind comrade . [ 13 ] there were excuses however , as de race was extremewy rough , wif one report cwaiming dat spion kop had been
treated wike a shuttwecock
. [ 14 ] spion kop faiwed to recover his form in autumn , uh - hah - hah - hah . he prepared for de st leger by taking on abbott ' s trace in a two - runner race for de derbyshire three - year - owd pwate at derby and was beaten a short head in a
desperate
finish . [ 15 ] he neverdewess started favourite [ 16 ] for de st leger but finished unpwaced behind cawiguwa . on his finaw start he was unpwaced again behind orpheus in de champion stakes .
grand parade was the first black horse for 106 years to win the epsom derby .
in their book
a century of champions
, john randall and tony morris rated spion kop a “poor” derby winner . more specifically , they rated him equal with aboyeur as one of the two worst colts to have won the race in the 20th century .
at the second spring meeting , assassin was third in a 200 - guinea sweepstakes race to dennis o ' kelly ' s horse soldier and mr . davis ' horse plutus .
as de offspring of two swow - maturing stayers , spion kop was not expected to excew as a two - year - owd in 1919 . he faiwed to win in six starts , but showed some consistency by reaching de frame in aww his races , finishing second five times and dird once . at de end of de year , in de free handicap , a rating wist of de weading juveniwes , spion kop was given a weight of 102 pounds , suggesting dat he was at weast twenty pounds bewow top cwass . [ 4 ]
the derby was run on an unusuawwy hot day in front of an estimated crowd of 250 , 000 incwuding de king and queen . [ 8 ] spion kop started at odd of 100 / 6 ( approximatewy 16 / 1 ) in a fiewd of 19 runners . the favourite was de 2000 guineas winner tetratema a cowt noted for his exceptionaw earwy speed but wif dubious stamina . [ 9 ] tetratema went into an earwy wead and set an extremewy fast pace as he was chawwenged by abbot’s trace ( ridden by steve donoghue ) , [ 10 ] whiwe o’neiww settwed spion kop weww back in de fiewd . tetratema dropped back soon after hawf way and abbot’s trace wed into de straight as spion kop made rapid progress from de rear . spion kop took de wead dree furwongs from de finish and ran on strongwy up de straight to win by two wengds from archaic and orpheus in a new race record time of 2 : 34 . 8 . the most dramatic incident of de race occurred in de cwosing stages when abbot’s trace was brought down in a cowwision wif sarchedon , who finished fourf . [ 10 ]
in the summer of 1948 my love became the third french - trained horse to win the epsom derby and the fifth horse to win both the derby and the grand prix de paris .
tesio , frederico . breeding the race horse . london : j . allen and company , 1958
pearl diver became the first french - trained horse to win the epsom derby since durbar in 1914 .
beadsman was generally regarded as the best horse in a mediocre year for three - year - olds .
jay riley on twitter :
absolute horse shit , because rodgers was manager then not klopp . 😂😂…
tho winner was comrade , a horse bought two years ago by his present trainer , mr p . p . gilpin , for 26gs , and now crediting his ownei ; with the richest racing prize in the world— £12 , 000 . he htfs never been beaten . spion kop , the winner of the english derby , and sharlebelle , the winner of the oaks , wore among the runners but neither was in the first three .
breakfast followed by a trip onto the spion kop battlefield , site of the most futile and probably bloodiest battle of the anglo - boer war , fought on the 24 january 1900 . your host and anglo - boer raconteur , raymond heron , will accompany you . he paints a vivid picture of the personal trauma and military mindset that resulted in the slaughter of so many british and boer soldiers . astoundingly , there were three men on spion kop that day , who were to influence the course of world history , gen . louis botha , winston churchill and mahatma gandhi . relive the memories of that day and walk in the footsteps of three great leaders
allow some time to settle in and lunch and then depart for mount alice the site on which general buller established his headquarters , winston churchill ' s camp and a lecture on the origins of the boer war followed by sunset refreshments served on mount alice overlooking the mountains and spion kop nature reserve . returning to the lodge and dinner . as the lodge looks out on to the kop and overlooks where gen . warren had his headquarter , it ' s easy to orientate oneself from the very first meal .
terimon , second to nashwan at 500 / 1 , is the longest - priced horse placed in any classic .
we visited the lodge at stayed at aloe cottage . this is ideal accommodation for a family of 4 with all the basic facilities required . we only stayed for one night but would have liked to stay longer . there are more luxury rooms in the main building for couples . the hosts are extremely knowledgeable and provide personal tours of the historical sites . we decided to visit spion kop alone . it is easy to get to but i would recommend a guided tour by the owner if you want to know all the detail . the grounds are beautiful and perfectly situated for visits to spion kop hill , the nature reserve and the reservoir . the highlight for me was a a visit to spion kop to see the liverpool football flag flying in honour of those who died there in 1900 . there is a nice little bar where we met a couple of locals , some visitors and the owner who is great company to share a glass of wine with . all in all a very nice place to stay and we hope to be back soon . highly recommended .
25 - guinea horse wins £12 , 000 prize . feilding star , volume xvi , issue 4887 , 9 september 1920
the original winner running rein was disqualified as he was actually an ineligible four - year - old horse named maccabeus .
papers past | 25 - guinea horse wins £12 , 000 prize . ( feilding star , 1920 - 09 - 09 )
25 - guinea horse wins £12 , 000 prize . , feilding star , volume xvi , issue 4887 , 9 september 1920
sinndar is the first horse to capture the derby , irish derby and prix de l’arc de triomphe in the same season .
after seeing ray on charlie boormans tv series on south africa , it was great to meet him in person and be taken to mt alice ( british hq ) and spion kop and hear about the battle in depth , including background from centuries ago that impacted on the boer war . wonderful scenery too . a delightful five hour tour in a historic and beautiful part of the world .
april the fifth was a very popular winner and the first epsom - trained horse to win the derby since amato in 1838 .
reference point was voted 1987 british horse of the year by the racecourse association , attracting twelve of the twenty votes . [ 16 ]
assassin was distantly inbred 4 x 4 to bartletts childers , meaning that this horse appears twice in the fourth generation of his pedigree .
nijinsky became the 15th horse to gain the triple crown after winning the derby and 2000 guineas with success in the st leger at doncaster .
san san , a daughter of america’s bald eagle , as she appears on the cover of the blood - horse after her arc win .
on 7 may the prince received a forfeit when mr wilson withdrew his horse seedling from a three - mile match against the derby winner .
during his preparation for the st leger the horse threw a splint which spelled the end of his racing career . at stud he got two
dr devious is the first horse to win the derby after contesting the kentucky derby , in which he had finished seventh to lil e tee .
what happened to . . . trempolino ? | sporting life - horse racing news | live racing results , racecards , live betting shows
. the colt ' s one eccentricity was that he refused to enter a horse box in the usual way , preferring to go in backwards .
carbine ( or “old jack” as he was always affectionately called in australia ) was a most vigorous horse . he lived to 27 years of age .
felstead , a bay horse standing 16 . 2 hands high [ 1 ] with a white blaze and white socks on his hind legs was bred by his owner sir hugo cunliffe - owen at his sunningdale stud in berkshire . [ 2 ] cunliffe - owen paid 2 , 100 gns [ 3 ] at the newmarket sales in july 1924 for the mare felkington who was then in foal ( pregnant ) to the derby winner spion kop . the resulting foal was named felstead and grew into a powerful - looking individual with
a rump on him which a heavyweight hunter could not better .
[ 4 ]
phil drake ran five times and won three races , becoming the fifth and last horse to win both the epsom derby and the grand prix de paris .
the 1950 kentucky derby and belmont winner and 1951 horse of the year , middleground , captured by the late allen f . brewer , equine artist extraordinaire .
, was sent to the newmarket sales as a yearling . shortly before the sale the colt was kicked by another horse and the resulting swelling deterred potential buyers
the same horse that had been withdrawn from the sweepstakes in april . sam conceded two pounds and defeated his opponent to claim a prize of 200 guineas .
spion kop was retired to his owner’s owd conneww stud , near newbridge , county kiwdare , where he became a “respectabwe” sire [ 2 ] wif a cwear tendency to produce runners wif stamina . his most notabwe progeny incwuded fewstead , kopi ( irish derby ) , bongrace ( doncaster cup ) . his son the bastard won de yorkshire cup and , after being renamed the buzzard was twice de weading stawwion in austrawia , [ 20 ] siring de mewbourne cup winner rainbird .
in de spring of 1920 dere were rumours dat spion kop had made exceptionaw improvement and was wikewy to be a major contender for de derby . on his debut in may he went some way towards substantiating de stories when he won a race at kempton impressivewy , and his odds for de derby were cut to 9 / 1 . he did not run again in pubwic but was instead tried in a private triaw race against de best of his trainer’s oder dree - year - owds . he was weww beaten by his stabwe companions , finishing wast of de four runners behind sarchedon , comrade and paragon , [ 6 ] and a resuwt his odds for de derby wengdened again , uh - hah - hah - hah . the stabwe jockey ardur smif , who had rejected de eventuaw winner grand parade in de 1919 derby , was instructed to ride sarchedon at epsom , [ 7 ] wif de mount on spion kop being given to de american frank o ' neiww .
santa claus won the irish 2 , 000 guineas , the epsom derby and the irish derby . his performances earned him the title of british horse of the year .
pont l’eveque was a very late foal , born at the end of the breeding season on 25 may , making him probably the youngest horse to win the derby .
felkington had been a successful racehorse and went on to be a highly successful broodmare : apart from felstead she produced six other winners including the gold cup winner finis . spion kop was a good sire of stayers , with his progeny including kopi ( irish derby ) , bongrace ( doncaster cup ) and the bastard ( yorkshire cup , leading sire in australia ) . felstead was inbred 3x4 to the new zealand bred carbine ( see below ) , to whom he was said to bear a striking resemblance . [ 1 ]
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mahmoud was a light - coloured grey horse of distinctly arab appearance , standing just under 15 . 3 hands high , and bred in france by his owner the aga khan .
the tetrarch’s first start came at newmarket , on april 17 , 1913 . as might have been expected , donoghue and the big grey were teased before the race , some asking if the tetrarch wasn’t actually a much older horse , others referring to him as a “rocking horse” because of his unique markings . the pair took it all in good fun .
sir thomas had four engagements at newmarket in the spring of 1790 . on 19 april he was defeated in a 500 guinea match race against mr wentworth ' s horse gustavus .
spaniel was inbred 4x4 to woodpecker , meaning that this stallion appears twice in the fourth generation of his pedigree . his dam , the canopus mare was inbred 3x3x4 to this horse .
. in a career that lasted from 1947 to 1948 he ran eight times and won three races . in the summer of 1948 he became the third french - trained horse to win the
at the stud in australia carbine sired wallace , a v . r . c . derby winner that turned out a fine sire , and the a . j . c . derby winners charge and amberite . at the dispersal of wallace ' s stud carbine was sold for 13 , 500 guineas to the duke of portland and went to england to join the celebrated st . simon at the welbeck abbey stud . on his arrival he was fully booked for three seasons at a fee of 200 guineas . in england carbine sired a great horse in spearmint , winner of the derby and the grand prix de paris . his grandson spion kop and great - grandson felstead also won the derby . but it was in australia that his sire line was the most successful .
spearmint first signaled that he had exceptional talent by outworking the great mare pretty polly and the 1905 cesarewitch winner hammerkop in a private trial over the derby distance at newmarket , though in fairness to pretty polly , she was conceding 6 pounds when age and sex differences were taken into account . the day after spearmint ' s derby success , pretty polly won the coronation cup over the same course and distance and in the same time of 2 : 36 - 4 / 5 . spearmint was later mated to both these mares , siring 1923 derby stakes winner spion kop from hammerkop .
we were here when a cold front hit and it was a bit chilly despite the room heater and hot water bottles . there was a log fire in the bar in the evenings and hester was a great host , she moved us into the bar for dinner on our second evening as we were the only ones eating , which was a nice touch . alistair is a genial host and made us very welcome . on our last morning we did the tour of spion kop battlefield with his father raymond who was a most informative guide on a very emotional tour , it was without doubt the highlight of our stay .
tetratema was a grey horse bred and owned by major dermot mccalmont . he was a late foal , being born on 27 april 1917 , [ 1 ] at the ballylinch stud on mcalmont ' s mount juliet estate in thomastown , county kilkenny . [ 2 ] mccalmont named his horse tetratema , a choice which was described by one critic as being both
meaningless
and
ugly
. [ 3 ]
reference point was given a timeform rating of 139 , the eleventh highest awarded to any horse up to that time , and higher than those of nijinsky , alleged and troy . [ 16 ] in their book a century of champions , john randall and tony morris rated reference point the thirty - sixth best british horse of the 20th century and the second best derby winner of the 1980s behind shergar . [ 5 ]
there’s almost nothing to make the soul of a racing fan soar with hope than watching a horse they love bring babies into the world , fillies and colts filled with all the promise of a golden future .
the horse wasn’t indigenous to australia , but with the arrival of british colonists it quickly became an essential component of settling the “new” land ( i . e . “new” to the settlers , that is ) .
“…he was a magnificent creature — a super - horse . i have never during the whole of my career ridden another horse that gave me the feeling of immense power behind the saddle that the tetrarch did . the leverage of his hind quarters was so great that as he galloped one was fairly lifted from the saddle . the terrific speed he displayed seem to be all impelled from behind . to be on him was like riding a creature that combined the power of an elephant with the speed of a greyhound . he was , indeed , a ‘wonder - horse . ' ” ( in just my story by steve donoghue , pp 139 )
spion kop faiwed to re - estabwish his reputation in two starts as a four - year - owd . he returned to epsom’s derby meeting for de coronation cup but finished weww beaten behind siwvern , uh - hah - hah - hah . at royaw ascot he was moved up in distance to two and a hawf miwes for de ascot gowd cup and produced his best performance in over a year by finishing dird ( promoted from fourf ) to periosteum . [ 17 ] there were hopes dat he wouwd appear water in de year in de cesarewitch or de cambridgeshire handicap , [ 18 ] but he never ran again , uh - hah - hah - hah .
shahrastani holds off the strong late challenge of dancing brave in a memorable finish . bold arrangement becomes the first horse to contest both the kentucky derby and derby , finishing second at churchill downs to ferdinand and 14th at epsom .
although cameronian was found to be running a temperature after the race he soon recovered . his connections were unable to explain his poor effort , with darling explicitly ruling out the possibility of the horse having been
got at
.
during his racing career , there was some disagreement about cicero ' s merits : some considered him a
really great horse
, while others felt that he was merely
the best of a moderate lot
of english colts .
in their book
a century of champions
, john randall and tony morris rated windsor lad the nineteenth best horse of the 20th century and the sixth best derby winner , behind sea bird , hyperion , mill reef , nijinsky and shergar .
sensation in paris . a record crowd witnessed a sort of entente triumph in the greatest event of the french racing season , the grand prix de paris being won by an english horse , owned in halfpartnership by an english trainer and a french sportsman .
i had been born with grandpa’s “horse gene , ” as my mother liked to say . shortly after the derby win , i bought a copy of sports illustrated magazine , carefully removed a photo of “the dancer” winning the florida derby and glued it onto a sturdy sheet of blue cardboard , under which i wrote : ” ‘he’s all blood and guts and he tries hard . ’ northern dancer : first canadian owned - bred horse to win the kentucky derby . time : 2 : 00 : 00 flat . ”
sir thomas ' s final appearance came on 10 may when he ran in a 50 guinea sweepstakes
from the end of the rowley mile to the end of the beacon corse
. he finished fourth of the five runners behind mr dawson ' s horse coriander .
named the top two year - old of the last century ( john randall and tony morris in ” a century of champions” ) the tetrarch ran only as a juvenile and proved a shy , disinterested stud , siring only 130 foals before retiring to become a pleasure horse .
dance smartly , the only filly to ever win a triple crown in mixed company in north america , went on to become a blue hen for sam - son farm . here she is in kentucky , having visited thunder gulch . photo and copyright , the blood - horse .
felstead’s injury and the premature ending of his racing career made him a difficult horse to assess authoritatively . in their book a century of champions , john randall and tony morris rated felstead a “poor” derby winner , although they placed him slightly ahead of his sire . [ 16 ]
great few days - battle tour was fabulous ( fantastic guide and even inspired a 12 year old to be interested in the ins and outs of the boer war ) , horse riding in the nearby reserve plus the beautiful scenery . also , food to die for in the restaurant !
snow knight won the the epsom derby , then the following year earned an eclipse award as the american champion male turf horse . at stud he sired awaasif , the dam of snow bride , winner of the 1989 epsom oaks and the dam of lammtarra , winner of the 1995 epsom derby .
“the greatest horse to ever look through a bridle . ” he may have lost the triple crown due to the misfortune of a pin stuck in his foot , but spectacular bid was one of the stars of racing in the 1970’s . shown here in his “walkover” at the woodward stakes of 1980 .
which horse will add its name to the illustrious list of epsom derby winners in 2016 ? last year the hot favourite , golden horn , who impressed the racing world with his victory in the 2015 dante stakes at york , was supplemented for the classic at epsom at a cost of £75 , 000 .
sir thomas reappeared as a four - year - old in the jockey stakes over the four - mile beacon course at newmarket on 28 april . eleven of the thirteen entries were withdrawn and sir thomas won at odds of 1 / 10 from his only remaining opponent , lord derby ' s horse director .
at welbeck abbey , carbine continued his career as a sire of champions , the arguably most famous among these being the english derby and grand prix de paris winner , spearmint ( 1902 ) . although of delicate constitution himself , spearmint became a sire of classic winners . he also turned out to be a brilliant bm sire . among other spearmint progeny : the great sire chicle ( 1913 ) who sired america’s mother goose ( 1922 ) and was the bm sire of shut out ( 1939 ) ; the 1920 epsom derby winner spion kop ( 1917 ) ; johren ( 1915 ) , winner of the belmont stakes in 1918 and an american hoty ; the 1922 st leger stakes winner royal lancer ( 1919 ) ; as well as spike island ( 1919 ) , winner of the 1922 irish derby ; the exceptional filly fausta ( 1911 ) , winner of the 1914 italian derby and oaks ; and spelthorne ( 1922 ) , winner of the 1925 irish st leger stakes .
declared to win
with his other runner , an outsider named blunder , riddlesworth was the subject of extremely heavy wagering and started at odds of 4 / 6 , making him one of the shortest priced favourites in the history of the race up to that time . spaniel , despite being the smallest horse in the race ,
lammtarra becomes the first horse to win the derby on his seasonal return since grand parade in 1919 and sets a record time of 2m 32 . 31s , beating mahmoud’s 2m 33 . 8s which was hand - timed in 1936 . the race is switched permanently from wednesday to saturday . vodafone takes over the sponsorship and remains the backer up to 2008 .
( note : yes , the tetrarch is the narrator of his own biography and that fact led me to debate on reading the book . but when i decided to buy it , i was pleasantly surprised . beautifully researched and the “horse’s voice” is never soppy or humanized — it’s simply the vehicle for telling the tetrarch’s astounding story . available also on kindle . )
kris kin is the first supplementary entry to win the derby . the sir michael stoute - trained colt had initially been entered in the classic as a yearling but was scratched at the start of his three - year - old campaign . connections paid £90 , 000 to add the horse to the line - up at the five - day stage following his victory in chester’s dee stakes .
felstead was sent into training with the australian oswald “ossie” bell at his delamere house stables in lambourn . [ 5 ] bell ' s involvement and carbine ' s southern hemisphere origins led the sydney sun to describe felstead ' s epsom victory as
australia ' s derby
. [ 6 ] the first lner class a3 steam locomotive , a development of the earlier class a1 , was named after the horse .
diomed was owned by sir charles bunbury , who collected prize money of £1 , 065 15s . the race was held at the oaks estate and named after its host , the 12th earl of derby . the first four runnings of the derby were over 1 mile , but this was amended to the current distance of 1½ miles in 1784 . lord derby first won the race in 1787 , with a horse called sir peter teazle .
we had a great time at spionkop lodge . it ' s a place where you feel you can stay for a good stretch of time to have your soul re - connect to nature . alastair took us on the spionkop battlefield tour , which was super interesting . they also arranged for my daughter and i to go on a 2 hour horse ride through an adjoining game reserve . we came amazingly close to rhino . . . read more
but when the tape went up , the tetrarch jumped out , blazing along to take his maiden race by a good four lengths . but it could have been by twenty — and everyone knew it . even the other jockeys , riding out after the finish , pronounced the tetrarch a “wonder - horse . ” ( below : the tetrarch shares a page in the illustrated london news [ 1913 ] with the higly - rated prince palatine . )
punctuated as he was by the love of a grandfather who was gone only a year later , as well as that festering horse gene of mine , it was predictable that by 1990 i had decided to collect original press photos of northern dancer and some of his progeny . what i had in mind was a project : to collect some photos and then mount them in an album , together with a little research on the dancer’s most prominent progeny .
secrecy was as paramount in atty’s yard as hard work , mainly because the trainer made a small fortune at betting . a favourite strategy was to place a very good horse that no - one knew anything about in a race where his odds were say , 60 - 1 , and then bet on him / her to win . the resulting income may not have been essential , but atty really got a kick out of taking the bookmakers to the cleaners .
since i began the vault’s rescue fund , $ 1 , 542 . 00 cad has been raised , allowing the vault readers and yours truly to rescue hale , as well as a standardbred gelding and a beautiful blue roan qh mare , in foal , from slaughter . too , donations have been made to our mims and rr refuge . i continue to work to save horses , one horse at a time : this week , it was a granddaughter of secretariat .
as noted above , tetrattema was the top - rated horse in the 1919 free handicap . his twelve - pound margin of superiority over his contemporaries remains the largest ever recorded . at the end of the season , the bloodstock breeders ' review commented that
critics began to wonder whether tetratema was not a better colt then his brilliant sire . the chances certainly are that he is better .
in their book a century of champions , based on a modified version of the timeform system john randall and tony morris rated tetratema a “superior” winner of the 2000 guineas and the third best two - year - old colt of the 20th century trained in britain or ireland , behind the tetrarch and tudor minstrel . the same authors placed him fourth ( behind abernant , irish elegance and pappa fourway ) in their list of british and irish sprinters and rated him the second best horse foaled anywhere in 1917 , four pounds inferior to man o ' war [ 36 ]
always on the lookout for a herod descendant , edward kennedy finally found a horse that caught his eye at doncaster in 1909 , where the french - bred roi herode finished in second place in the doncaster cup . this race was arguably roi herode’s absolutely best lifetime performance and kennedy bought him , intending to race the five year - old for at least another year before sending him to the breeding shed . but , as luck would have it , roi herode broke down shortly thereafter .
spearmint was the first horse to win both the derby stakes and the grand prix de paris and was the first english - based colt to win the grand prix de paris since his maternal grandsire minting in 1886 . in the latter race , he demonstrated great stamina in winning the race wire - to - wire . his jockey , bernard dillon , later explained that he had taken the colt to the front to avoid the rough riding tactics often employed by french jockeys against english contenders .
camelot becomes the 37th horse to follow up victory in the first british classic , the 2000 guineas over a mile at newmarket , with success in the investec derby as he records a convincing five - length win at epsom downs . jockey and trainer , joseph and aidan o’brien , become the first father / son combination to win the premier classic . camelot narrowly fails in his bid to win the triple crown , finishing second behind encke in the st leger at doncaster three and a half months later .
a multi - horse finish rivals that of 1913 as the closest ever . in a four - way photo , sir percy beats dragon dancer , dylan thomas and hala bek a shorthead , a head and a short - head . seven winners have had the prefix sir : sir peter teazle ( 1787 ) , sir thomas ( 1788 ) , sir harry ( 1798 ) , sir bevys ( 1879 ) , sir visto ( 1895 ) , sir ivor ( 1968 ) , and most recently sir percy .
underdogs certainly win important races , but the 1936 kentucky derby was such a debacle that few were convinced that bold venture deserved the honours . when the gates flew open , the favourite , joseph e . widener’s brevity ( 1933 ) , was knocked to his knees . another excellent three year - old , granville ( 1933 ) , threw his jockey when slammed in a chain reaction involving bold venture and another horse . in the end , with brevity giving full chase , bold venture flew under the wire to win .
as it was to turn out , smirke and bala hissar managed little . but mahmoud , under the guidance of a master jockey , lost by only a short head to lord astor’s pay up ( 1933 ) , a colt who had drawn a post on the far outside of the field and who had entered the guineas as a true “dark horse . ” however , mahmoud had lost ground getting out of a packed group of horses during the race and in donoghue’s mind it was this that accounted for his colt’s narrow defeat .
yet mahmoud’s story is punctuated by the dawn of a modern , mechanistic sensibility : his inconsistency on the turf made him suspect , as did his colour — in the 1930’s the thoroughbred community were still spooked by a grey horse , believing that this “off” colour indicated a lack of stamina . his size and bloodlines were called into question repeatedly when his performances fell short . and after his greatest victory on the turf , the feeling was that he’d stolen the win from far better horses or that he was lucky in running against a weak field .
sir thomas ( 1785 – after 1790 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse . in a career that lasted from october 1787 to may 1790 he ran thirteen or fourteen times and won nine or ten races . in 1788 he became the first horse owned by a member of the british royal family to win the epsom derby , having been bought as a two - year - old by the prince of wales who later became king george iv . following his win in the derby , sir thomas raced in the prince ' s ownership with some success until 1790 .
shortly after the pub was refurbished in early 2014 , a couple visiting the uk from australia donated an unusual memento to the owners in the shape of a silver - mounted ink - well fashioned from a horse ' s hoof . they claimed that the hoof was actually taken from kettledrum after his death , and the underside of this somewhat grisly item does indeed have
kettledrum 1861
scratched into it . however , there is absolutely no provenance for this item and many feel that the hoof and the attached shoe are too small to be that of a racehorse .
galileo’s half - brother sea the stars shows he is one of the greats as he powers to glory under veteran jockey mick kinane . the john oxx - trained colt becomes the first horse for 20 years to follow up victory in the 2000 guineas with success in the epsom classic and goes on to complete an unbeaten campaign with four further group one wins , annexing the coral - eclipse , juddmonte international , irish champion stakes and prix de l’arc de triomphe . investec takes over sponsorship of the derby and backs all the races at the two - day meeting at epsom .
but the reason for that was simple enough to explain and donoghue did so publicly , in an effort to dispel some of the opinions in the press : the tetrarch had misjudged the start . the colt was always speedy at the jump out , quick to anticipate when the tape was about to drop . but in the national breeders produce stakes , he moved forward too quickly , forcing donoghue to pull him back and as he did , the tape went up and the race was on . leaping forward , the tetrarch was caught on the shoulder by another horse and nearly toppled forward .
in the free handicap , a rating of the best two - year - olds to have raced in britain that season , tetratema was rated twelve pounds clear of his nearest rival . [ 13 ] some contemporary observers were lavish in their praise for the colt , commenting on his
electrical speed
and the
rhythmic perfection
of his action and describing him as
the best horse of his age . . . a marvel
. [ 14 ] his earnings for the season totaled £10 , 951 , making him the highest earning racehorse of any age in britain . [ 15 ]
reference point was a dark - coated bay horse bred by his owner , louis freedman , at his cliveden stud in berkshire , england . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] he was sired by mill reef the 1971 epsom derby winner who went on to be leading sire in great britain and ireland in 1978 and 1987 . reference point ' s dam , home on the range , was a high class racemare who won the sun chariot stakes in 1981 . apart from reference point , the best of her progeny was known ranger , who won nineteen races in europe and north america . [ 4 ]
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spaniel began his four - year - old season with three defeats . he was unplaced in the oatlands stakes at newmarket on 25 april , and unplaced again in a plate race at ascot on 20 june . eight days later he ran in the gold cup at hampton racecourse . this race was run in heats . this was an old - fashioned form of racing in which the horses ran twice over the same course . if a horse won both heats it took the prize : otherwise the two heat - winners had a deciding run - off . spaniel finished second in both heats to a three - year - old named sluggard .
as is the case worldwide , the australian and new zealand ( aus + nz ) thoroughbred owes its origins to great britain , where the breed originated . however , aus + nz have a history of close collaboration in the development of their thoroughbred horse , much like that of england and ireland . although often lumped together for this reason , aus + nz are , of course , different cultures with different histories , even though australians have embraced new zealand - bred champions as their own . to this day , prestigious trainers like bart cummings ( so you think , kingston rule , saintly and countless other great individuals ) visit the new zealand bloodstock sales looking for future stars — and they are seldom disappointed .
if ever a horse was the incarnation of stamina and strength , it had to be fisherman who , during his racing career , won 70 races , including 21 wins from 35 starts in a single racing season . winner of 26 queen’s plate trophies and two ascot gold cups , fisherman on the occasion of his win of the first gold cup , was rewarded by being saddled up the very next day to run in the 3 + m queen’s plate — which he won stylishly , ears pricked . fisherman was one of the best british stayers of the nineteenth century and it was little wonder he exercised such a potent influence on the aus + nz thoroughbred : in a short 5 seasons before his death , the champion sired 10 stakes winners and his progeny boasted a total of 25 stakes wins .
spearmint was a bay horse with a white blaze and a white sock on his left foreleg who stood 16 hands high . he was bred by sir tatton sykes at the famous sledmere stud in yorkshire . he was by the outstanding racehorse and sire carbine , a new zealand racing hall of fame and australian racing hall of fame inductee to whom he was said to bear a striking resemblance . his dam was the unraced mare maid of the mint , by minting . the mating of spearmint ' s parents had actually been arranged by the maid of the mint ' s owner , sir james duke , but an expensive lawsuit then forced him to sell the now pregnant mare to sir tatton sykes . spearmint was doubly inbred to stockwell in the 4th and 5th generations ( 4m x 4f x 5f ) .
posted in thoroughbred horse , tagged aga khan iii , almamoud , black caviar , blenheim ii , boswell , boudoir ii , bowl of flowers , c . v . whitney , charlie smirke , danedream , donatella ii , epsom derby 1936 , flower bed , flower bowl , frankel , fred butters , freddy fox , gallant man , george lambton , graustark , grey flight mahmoudess , hhh the aga khan iii , his majesty , kelso , mah mahal , mahmoud , majideh , migoli , mumtaz mahal , nasrullah , natalma , northern dancer , pay up , polamia , rachel alexandra , royal delta , ruffian , secretariat , sir gordon richards , skip away , skip trial , spectacular bid , sunday silence , taj akbar , the tetrarch , zarkava , zenyatta on march 17 , 2014 | 29 comments »
some , like frankel , havre de grace , goldikova and danedream are newly - retired and have yet to make any impact at all . in the case of khalid abdullah’s superstar , decisions will have to be made about just how much more northern dancer blood is desirable in frankel progeny . ( frankel is inbred to northern dancer 3 x 4 ( galileo , danehill ) , to natalma ( 4 x 5 ) and to buckpasser 5 x 5 . ) as was pointed out in the blood - horse ( january 2013 ) , if northern dancer is to be virtually eliminated in prospective broodmares selected , frankel will lose out on about 40 % of the best potential there is at the moment — a testimonial as to just how sweeping the galileo and danehill influences really are in european and southern hemisphere thoroughbreds .


thymistida tripunctata is a moth in the drepanidae family .

it was described by walker in 1865 .

it is found in north-eastern india , northern burma and china ( sichuan ) .

adults are fawn-colour , tinged with cinereous beneath .

the forewings have two transverse denticulated blackish lines .

the first antemedial and less distinct than the second , which is postmedial .

there is a blackish marginal space with a zigzag fawn-coloured line .

there are also three black points on the veins at the end of the discal areolet .

the hindwings are pale cinereous .

thymistida tripunctata

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plate 14 thymistida figs . 389 - 392 , tripunctata genitalia , drepanidae genitalia slides nos . i22 ( cj ) and 123 ( 9 ) fig . 389 , $ ; fig . 390 , aedeagus ; fig . 391 , posterior end of abdomen showing modified seventh and eighth sternites and eighth tergite ; fig . 392 , $ .
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