dichomeris lamprostoma is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by zeller in 1847 .

it is found in france and spain , as well as on sardinia , sicily , crete , cyprus and the canary islands .

it has also been recorded from kenya and the united arab emirates .

the larvae feed on convolvulus althaeoides and convolvulus arvensis .

they spin the leaves of their host plant , and mine them from within a silken tube .

larvae can be found from may to june and in november .

dichomeris lamprostoma

dichomeris lamprostoma ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23 ; [ fe ]
dichomeris acmodeta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12
dichomeris agorastis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris albula ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris apicispina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris apludella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris bifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15
dichomeris bomiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris bucinaria ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris consertella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris cuprea ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris cuspis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris diffurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris fareasta ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris fuscahopa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris fuscanella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris gansuensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris hodgesi ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris jiangxiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris lativalvata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris lespedezae ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris lutilinea ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris manticopodina ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris menglana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris millotella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 212
dichomeris minutia ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris mitteri ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris molybdoterma meyrick , 1933 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 12 ) : 353
dichomeris ningshanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris nivalis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris paulianella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 213
dichomeris polygona ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris polypunctata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris qingchengshanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris quadratipalpa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris quadrifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris sexafurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris shenae ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris spicans ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris spuracuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris stasimopa meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 3 ) : 94
dichomeris strictella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris synergastis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris tersa ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris varifurca ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris violacula ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris wuyiensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris yuebana ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris yunnanensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 35
dichomeris zymotella viette , 1956 ; nat . malgache 8 ( 2 ) : 215
dichomeris junisonensis matsumura , 1931 ; 6000 illust . insects japan . - empire : 1082
dichomeris acritopa meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72
dichomeris dolichaula meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 67
dichomeris loxonoma meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 123
dichomeris nyingchiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 254
dichomeris fuscahopa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 242
dichomeris fuscusitis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 243
dichomeris gansuensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 247
dichomeris hodgesi li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 232
dichomeris jiangxiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 244
dichomeris junisonis [ sic ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris yunnanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 254
dichomeris cuspis park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 19 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea
dichomeris derasella ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19 ; [ fe ]
dichomeris fareasta park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 15 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea
dichomeris mitteri park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 17 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea
dichomeris praevacua ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 :
dichomeris strictella park , 1994 ; insecta koreana 11 : 11 ; tl : gangweon prov . , korea
dichomeris acritopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12
dichomeris adelocentra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris albiscripta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris allantopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris amphichlora ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13
dichomeris ampliata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris anisospila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris antiloxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris antisticta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris asodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15
dichomeris barymochla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15
dichomeris brachygrapha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris brachyptila ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris caerulescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris cellaria ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris centracma ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris ceponoma ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris charonaea ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris chartaria ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris chinganella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris chlanidota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris cinnabarina ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris citharista ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris clarescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris cocta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 17
dichomeris contentella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris corniculata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris crepitatrix ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris deceptella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19
dichomeris deltoxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19
dichomeris diacrita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19
dichomeris dicausta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19
dichomeris doxarcha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris eridantis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris eucomopa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris excoriata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris ferrata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris ferruginosa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris frenigera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris fungifera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris geochrota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris horoglypta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris ignorata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris illicita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris illucescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris imbricata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris immerita ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris indiserta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris intensa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris isoclera ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris leptosaris ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris leucothicta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris levigata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris lissota ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris litoxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris lupata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris macroxyla ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris malachias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris malacodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris melanortha ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris melitura ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris mesoglena ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris metatoxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris metuens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris microdoxa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26
dichomeris microsphena meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 166 ; tl : java , buitenzorg
dichomeris oceanis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris olivescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris ostracodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris pelitis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris petalodes ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris planata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris polyaema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris praealbescens ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris procrossa ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 29
dichomeris pseudometra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris ptychosema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris sciodora ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris semnias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris siranta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31
dichomeris summata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris synclepta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris tephroxesta ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris testudinata ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris tetraschema ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris thyrsicola ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris toxolyca ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris traumatias ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris uranopis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris viridella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris indigna ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 54 ( note )
dichomeris ceratomoxantha ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 63 ( note )
dichomeris adelocentra meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 305 ; tl : java , butenzorg
dichomeris albula park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 22 ; tl : taipei co . , taiwan
dichomeris baccata meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : brazil , teffé
= dichomeris bisignella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16
dichomeris brachygrapha meyrick , 1920 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 10 ) : 305 ; tl : assam , khasis
dichomeris bucinaria park , 1996 ; tinea 14 ( 4 ) : 230 ; tl : pintung co . , taiwan
dichomeris chalcophaea meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
dichomeris fida meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , para
dichomeris fusca park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 49 ; tl : taichung co . , taiwan
dichomeris fuscalis park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 16 ; tl : taipei co . , taiwan
dichomeris harmonias meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : china , shanghai
dichomeris horiodes meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , parintins
dichomeris horoglypta meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : hasimoto , japan
dichomeris ingloria meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : peru , lima
dichomeris leptosaris meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 202 ; tl : hokkaido , japan
dichomeris leucothicta meyrick , 1919 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 8 ) : 235 ; tl : bombay , dharwar
dichomeris lucrifuga meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : brazil , para
dichomeris lutivittata meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
dichomeris mesoctenis meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , brisbane
dichomeris mesoglena meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 619 ; tl : coorg , pollibetta
dichomeris metuens meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 7 ) : 201 ; tl : seneng , java
dichomeris ochthophora meyrick , 1936 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 2 ) : 46 ; tl : taihoku , formosa
dichomeris orientis park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 36 ; tl : kaohsiung co . , taiwan
dichomeris praevacua meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : china , shanghai
dichomeris quercicola meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 433 ; tl : punjab , kangra
dichomeris saturata meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : brazil , obidos
dichomeris sciodora meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 16 ) : 504 ; tl : assam , khasis
dichomeris symmetrica park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 20 ; tl : taitung co . , taiwan
dichomeris syndias [ sic , recte syndyas ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris thermodryas meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 621 ; tl : peru , iquitos
dichomeris trilobella park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 42 ; tl : pingtung co . , taiwan
dichomeris anisospila meyrick , 1934 ; dt . ent . z . iris 48 : 34 ; tl : guangdong , china
dichomeris argentaria meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 304 ; tl : barberton
dichomeris cotifera meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 303 ; tl : barberton
dichomeris cuprea li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 237 ; tl : shaanxi
dichomeris exsecta meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 354 ; tl : rhodesia , mazoe
dichomeris ignorata meyrick , 1921 ; zool . meded . leyden 6 : 165 ; tl : java , preangor , 5000ft
dichomeris melanortha meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 16 ) : 510 ; tl : bombay , poona
dichomeris monorbella viette , 1988 ; bull . soc . ent . fr . 93 ( 3 - 4 ) : 104
dichomeris squalens meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 282 ; tl : british guiana
resupina omelko , 1999 ; keys ins . russian far east 5 ( 2 ) : 107 ; ts : dichomeris okadai moriuti
dichomeris tactica meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 152 ; tl : ecuador , huigra , 4500ft
dichomeris acrolychna meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 112 ; tl : brazil , para
dichomeris allantopa meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 512 ; tl : nilambur , madras
dichomeris alogista meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 72 ; tl : hunan , china
dichomeris brachymetra meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 620 ; tl : peru , chosica , 2800m
dichomeris brachyptila meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 584 ; tl : upper burma , myitkyina
dichomeris ceponoma meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 5 ) : 151 ; tl : coorg , dibidi , 3500ft
dichomeris davisi park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 35 ; tl : taiwan , taipei co . , sirin
dichomeris ellipsias meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 114 ; tl : peru , iquitos
dichomeris lushanae park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 22 ; tl : taiwan , taipei co . , sozan
dichomeris moriutii ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 73
dichomeris physocoma meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 286 ; tl : sierra leone , mabang
dichomeris procyphodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 115 ; tl : brazil , parintins
dichomeris rhodophaea meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 73
dichomeris simaoensis ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74
dichomeris stratigera meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , parintins
dichomeris subdentata meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 113 ; tl : brazil , santarem
dichomeris testudinata meyrick , , 1934 ; dt . ent . z . iris 48 : 34 ; tl : guangdong , china
dichomeris thalamopa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 112 ; tl : brail , téffe
dichomeris xanthodeta meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : three sisters
dichomeris zonata ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74
dichomeris liui li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 234 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris qinlingensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 235 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris aequata meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 282 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
dichomeris agathopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 85 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
dichomeris anisacuminata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 231 ; tl : china , jiangxi
dichomeris antizyga meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 303 ; tl : barberton , pretoria
dichomeris aphanopa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
dichomeris apicispina li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 241 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris asteropis meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , umvuma
dichomeris attenta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umvuma
dichomeris bifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 251 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris bodenheimeri ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16 ; [ afromoths ]
dichomeris bomiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 238 ; tl : china , xizang
dichomeris cachrydias meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 283 ; tl : british guiana , mallali
dichomeris decusella ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 19 ; [ afromoths ]
dichomeris diffurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 253 ; tl : fujian , china
dichomeris eustacta meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
dichomeris excepta meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 9 ) : 279 ; tl : nyassaland , mt . mlanje
dichomeris hylurga meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; tl : rhodesia , salisbury
dichomeris impigra meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : barberton , haenertsburg
dichomeris indiserta meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 285 ; tl : malay states , kuala lumpur
dichomeris lativalvata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 248 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris manticopodina li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 239 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris menglana li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 257 ; tl : yunnan , china
dichomeris ningshanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 245 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris nivalis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 249 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris opsonoma meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 281 ; tl : british guiana , bartica
dichomeris pladarota meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : rhodesia , umtali
dichomeris polygona li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 243 ; tl : sichuan , china
dichomeris qingchengshanensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 245 ; tl : sichuan , china
dichomeris quadratipalpa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 238 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris quadrifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 252 ; tl : fujian , china
dichomeris sexafurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 249 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris shenae li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 246 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris spicans li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 247 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris spuracuminata li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 230 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris stromatias meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 23 ; tl : zululand , nkwaleni
dichomeris tersa li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 241 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris varifurca li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 250 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris violacula li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 237 ; tl : gansu , china
dichomeris wuyiensis li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 255 ; tl : jiangxi , china
dichomeris xestobyrsa meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 82 ; tl : rhodesia , salisbury
dichomeris yuebana li & zheng , 1996 ; shilap revta lepid . 24 ( 95 ) : 236 ; tl : shaanxi , china
dichomeris obscura li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 223 ; tl : fengxian , shaanxi , 1600m
dichomeris angustiptera li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 228 ; tl : fengxian , shaanxi , 1600m
dichomeris acrogypsa turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 168 ; tl : queensland , rosewood
dichomeris aculata ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 147 ( note )
dichomeris ampliata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris cirrhostola turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 169 ; tl : queensland , adavale
dichomeris deltaspis ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 155 ( note )
dichomeris excoriata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris ferrata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris ferrogra li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 225 ; tl : mengla , yunnan , 630m
dichomeris ferruginosa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris heteracma meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 622 ; tl : brazil , teffé ; peru , iquitos
dichomeris instans meyrick , 1923 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 20 ) : 619 ; tl : peru , iquitos ; brazil , teffé
dichomeris lividula park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 57 ; tl : taiwan , hualien co . , pianau - col
dichomeris oleata meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 305 ; tl : barberton , three sisters
dichomeris ostracodes meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 583 ; tl : upper burma , lashio , 3000ft
dichomeris petalodes meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 16 - 17 ) : 512 ; tl : nilambur , madras , india
dichomeris pleuroleuca turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 169 ; tl : queensland , eidsvold
dichomeris ptychosema meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris rectifascia li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 220 ; tl : kangxian , gansu , 800m
dichomeris simaoensis li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 221 ; tl : simao , yunnan , 325m
dichomeris summata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 172 ; tl : khasis
dichomeris varronia busck , 1913 ; ins . inscit . menstr . 1 ( 7 ) : 89 ; tl : kitty , british guiana
dichomeris ventosa meyrick , 1913 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 304 ; tl : barberton , three sisters
dichomeris zonata li & wang , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 222 ; tl : simao , yunnan , 325m
dichomeris tostella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 72 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ]
dichomeris amphicoma meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 695 ; tl : brazil , santos
dichomeris antisticha meyrick , 1926 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 9 ) : 285 ; tl : costa rica , vulkan irazu , 4000ft
dichomeris fluitans meyrick , 1920 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 17 ( 4 ) : 284 ; tl : natal , howick
dichomeris litoxyla meyrick , 1937 ; exotic microlep . 5 ( 4 - 5 ) : 123 ; tl : yakovlevka , primorkii krai , russia
dichomeris nessica walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 95 ; tl : panama , la chorrera
dichomeris taiwana park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 48 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , sunmoon lake , 760m
dichomeris zomias meyrick , 1914 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1914 : 283 ; tl : british guiana , bartica and mallali
dichomeris hirculella busck , 1909 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 2 ) : 89 ; tl : east river , connecticut
dichomeris clarescens meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 174 ; tl : maskeliya , ceylon
dichomeris dysorata turner , 1919 ; proc . r . soc . qd 31 ( 10 ) : 170 ; tl : new south wales , syndey
dichomeris elegans park , 2001 ; insecta koreana 18 ( 4 ) : 308 ; tl : taiwan , pingtung co . , kenting park , 50m
dichomeris jugata walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 97 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
dichomeris mengdana li & zheng , 1997 ; entomologia sin . 4 ( 3 ) : 227 ; tl : mengda , xunhua , qinghai , 2240m
dichomeris miltophragma meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 115 ; tl : brazil , para , obidos , parintins
dichomeris ptilocompa meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 113 ; tl : brazil , teffé ; peru , jurimaguas
dichomeris substratella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 93 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
dichomeris vadonella viette , 1955 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 123 : 108 ; tl : ne . madagascar , maroantsetra , ambodivoangy
dichomeris xerodes walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 100 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
= dichomeris setosella ; sattler , 1973 , bull . br . mus . nat . hist . ( ent . ) 28 ( 4 ) : 221
dichomeris glenni clarke , 1947 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 49 ( 7 ) : 187 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris aomoriensis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14 ; ponomarenko , 1998 , far east . ent . 67 : 12
dichomeris ardesiella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 96 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , cordova
dichomeris arotrosema walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 95 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
dichomeris asodes meyrick , 1939 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 89 ( 4 ) : 54 ; tl : telawa , java
dichomeris erixantha ; meyrick , 1921 , ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 83 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ afromoths ]
dichomeris eucomopa meyrick , 1939 ; trans . r . ent . soc . lond . 89 ( 4 ) : 54 ; tl : telawa , java
dichomeris loxospila ; [ nhm card ] ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 77
dichomeris lypetica walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 91 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris crepitatrix meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
dichomeris dignella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 91 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris excavata busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 18 ; tl : porto bello , panama
dichomeris hexasticta walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris imbricata meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : n . coorg , 3500ft
dichomeris lutea park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 59 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , meifeng , 30km s tayuling , 2200m
dichomeris lutilinea ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 118 ; tl : chuncheon , kangweon prov .
dichomeris metrodes meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 172 ; tl : hambantota , ceylon ; bombay
dichomeris olivescens meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 175 ; tl : kandy and maskeliya , ceylon
dichomeris thalpodes meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , para ; peru , r . napo
dichomeris tristicta busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 17 ; tl : trinidad river , panama
dichomeris melanophylla ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 114 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
dichomeris angulata ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 14 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14
dichomeris bulawskii ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 114 ; tl : 27km sw slavjanka , primorskii krai
dichomeris fusca ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 60 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 49
dichomeris linealis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 83 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris lividula ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 83 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 24
dichomeris lushanae ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 86 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris lutea ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 86 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 25
dichomeris ochreata ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 102 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 27
dichomeris taiwana ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 135 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 32
dichomeris trilobella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 141 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 33
dichomeris illusio hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 2 , f . 38 ; tl : hastings , florida
dichomeris imitata hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 104 , pl . 3 , f . 5 ; tl : devers , texas
dichomeris angulata park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 43 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , leinhauchi forest station , 15km sw puli , 750m
dichomeris aprica ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15 ; li & sattler , 2012 , zootaxa 3373 : 57
dichomeris enoptrias ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 20
dichomeris hoplocrates ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 22
dichomeris issikii ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 23
dichomeris ochreata park & hodges , 1995 ; insecta koreana 12 : 32 ; tl : taiwan , nantou co . , mei - feng , 30km s tayuling , 2200m
dichomeris pyrrhoschista ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30
dichomeris sciritis ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 31 ; li & sattler , 2012 , zootaxa 3373 : 57
dichomeris synergastis ponomarenko & park , 1996 ; korean j . appl . ent . 35 ( 2 ) : 116 ; tl : yong - in , kyunggi prov .
dichomeris viridescens ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 34
dichomeris offula hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 117 , pl . 3 , f . 21 ; tl : ithaca , new york
dichomeris crepida hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 118 , pl . 3 , f . 22 ; tl : mcclellanville , south carolina
dichomeris santarosensis hodges , 1985 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 87 ( 2 ) : 456 ; tl : santa rosa national park , guanacaste , costa rica
dichomeris nenia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 40 , pl . 4 , f . 2 ; tl : bandera co . , texas
dichomeris hypochloa walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 23 ; tl : mexico , sonora
dichomeris caia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 62 , pl . 4 , f . 7 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris laetitia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 88 , pl . 2 , f . 22 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris aleatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 91 , pl . 2 , f . 27 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris furia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 93 , pl . 2 , f . 30 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris baxa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 105 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : presidio of monterey , california
dichomeris cinnamicostella ; walsingham , 1911 , biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 103 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris costalis busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 18 ; tl : tabogilla i . and porto bello , panama
dichomeris habrochitona walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 26 ; tl : panama , tabernilla
dichomeris quercicola ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 30 ; ponomarenko , 1998 , far east . ent . 67 : 13
dichomeris carycina ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris caryophragma ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris diacnista ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris lypetica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 54 ( note ) ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris tactica ; [ nhm card ] ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 60 ( note ) ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris latescens ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 63 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
dichomeris siren hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 64 , pl . 4 , f . 9 ; tl : henson creek , oxon hill , maryland
dichomeris vindex hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 83 , pl . 2 , f . 9 - 10 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris gleba hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 87 , pl . 2 , f . 18 - 20 ; tl : putnam co . , illinois
dichomeris legnotoa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 4 , f . 10 ; tl : largo , pinellas co . , florida
dichomeris mimesis hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 101 , pl . 2 , f . 39 ; tl : salmon , anderson co . , texas
dichomeris simulata hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 104 , pl . 3 , f . 4 ; tl : canadian , hemphill co . , texas
dichomeris percnopolis walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 93 , pl . 3 , f . 11 ; tl : guatemala , zapote , 2000ft
dichomeris renascens walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 96 , pl . 3 , f . 14 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
dichomeris xuthostola walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 101 , pl . 3 , f . 18 ; tl : mexico , tabasco , teapa
dichomeris sylphe hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 58 , pl . 1 , f . 22 ; tl : archbold biological staion , lake placid , florida
dichomeris ardelia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 62 , pl . 4 , f . 8 ; tl : archbold biological station , lake placid , florida
dichomeris kimballi hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 71 , pl . 1 , f . 30 ; tl : archbold biological staion , lake placid , florida
dichomeris aglaia hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 85 , pl . 2 , f . 15 ; tl : lake placid , florida , archbold biological station
dichomeris anisacuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 14 ; li , zhen , kendrick & sterling , 2010 , shilap revta lepid . 38 ( 149 ) : 74
dichomeris argigastra walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 16 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
dichomeris autometra ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15 ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 )
dichomeris crambaleas ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 18
dichomeris melanota walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 , pl . 3 , f . 13 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , cordova
dichomeris okadai ; [ nhm card ] ; park & hodges , 1995 , insecta koreana 12 : ( 1 - 101 ) ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 28
dichomeris prensans meyrick , 1922 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1922 : 111 ; tl : brazil , para , parintins , manaos ; peru , iquitos ; british guiana , bartica
dichomeris sciastes walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 90 , pl . 3 , f . 10 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
dichomeris gausapa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : pl . 1 , f . 8 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona
= dichomeris acuminata ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 13 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 34
dichomeris solatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 48 , pl . 1 , f . 15 ; tl : peña blanca canyon , santa cruz co . arizona
= dichomeris punctidiscella ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 56 ; [ nhm card ] ; lee , hodges & brown , 2009 , zootaxa 2231 : 36
dichomeris copa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 92 , pl . 2 , f . 28 ; tl : snyder heights 1100 ' , ithaca , new york
dichomeris achne hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 87 , pl . 2 , f . 34 ; tl : parker is . , highlands co . , florida
dichomeris euprepes hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 110 , pl . 4 , f . 11 ; tl : big black mnts , letcher co . , kentucky
dichomeris carinella walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 20 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris fuscusitis ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21 ; zhao , park , bae & li , 2017 , zootaxa 4273 ( 2 ) : ( 216 - 234 )
dichomeris intensa meyrick , 1913 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 22 ( 1 ) : 173 ; tl : maskeliya and puttalam , ceylon ; cuddapah , 4000ft , n . coorg
dichomeris leucostena walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 94 , pl . 3 , f . 12 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , amula , 6000ft
dichomeris blanchardorum hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 43 , pl . 1 , f . 10 - 11 ; tl : laguna atascosa , cameron co . , texas
dichomeris gnoma hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 106 , pl . 3 , f . 11 ; tl : shingle creek road , keremeos , british columbia , canada
dichomeris mercatrix hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 110 , pl . 3 , f . 15 ; tl : mclean bogs reserve , tompkins co . , new york
dichomeris bulawskii ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 16 ; ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 , trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 151 ( note )
dichomeris diva hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 57 , pl . 1 , f . 21 ; tl : 1 mi s patagonia , santa cruz co . , arizona
dichomeris fistuca hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 68 , pl . 1 , f . 25 ; tl : wedge plantation , mccellanville , charleston co . , south carolina
dichomeris atomogypsa ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 72 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 15
dichomeris alphito hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 88 , pl . 2 , f . 21 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona
dichomeris pelta hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 99 , pl . 2 , f . 36 ; tl : wedge plantation , mcclellanville , charleston co . , south carolina
dichomeris acrochlora ; hodges , 1986 , moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 112 ( note ) ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 12
dichomeris sybilla hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 121 , pl . 3 , f . 24 ; tl : madera canyon , 4880 ' , santa rita mts , arizona
dichomeris evitata walsingham , 1911 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 99 , pl . 3 , f . 15 ; tl : panama , volcan de chiriqui , 2000 - 3000ft
dichomeris harmonias ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 1991 , ann . hist . - nat . mus . hung . 83 : 121 ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 21
dichomeris xanthoa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 102 , pl . 3 , f . 2 ; tl : ft . niobrara national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska
dichomeris bolize hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 100 , pl . 2 , f . 37 ; tl : hackberry lake , valentine national wildlife refuge , cherry co . , nebraska
dichomeris isa hodges , 1986 ; moths amer . n of mexico 7 . 1 : 103 , pl . 3 , f . 3 ; tl : tenkiller lake , 3 mi w blackgum , sequoyah co . , oklahoma
dichomeris badiolineariella ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 154 , f . 4 , 17 - 18 ; tl : thailand , loei , phu rua , ~ 800m
dichomeris balioella ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 149 , f . 2 , 12 - 13 ; tl : thailand , loei , phu rua , ~ 800m
dichomeris matsumurai ponomarenko & ueda , 2004 ; trans . lepid . soc . japan 55 ( 3 ) : 151 , f . 3 , 14 - 16 ; tl : thailand , loei , phu rua , ~ 800m
dichomeris metrodes ; meyrick , 1913 , ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 4 ) : 303 ; [ nhm card ] ; ponomarenko , 1997 , far east . ent . 50 : 26 ; [ afromoths ]


leucothoe is a genus of amphipods in the family leucothoidae .

it contains the following species : leucothoe acanthopus schellenberg , 1928 leucothoe acutilobata ledoyer , 1978 leucothoe adelphe white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe affinis stimpson , 1856 leucothoe alata j. l. barnard , 1959 leucothoe alcyone imbach , 1967 leucothoe angusticoxa ( ledoyer , 1972 ) leucothoe ashleyae thomas & klebba , 2006 leucothoe assimilis j. l. barnard , 1974 leucothoe atosi bellan-santini , 2007 leucothoe ayrtonia bellan-santini , 1997 leucothoe barana thomas & klebba , 2007 leucothoe basilobata serejo , 1998 leucothoe bidens hirayama , 1985 leucothoe boolpooli j. l. barnard , 1974 leucothoe bova white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe brevidigitata miers , 1884 leucothoe brunonis krapp-schickel & menioui , 2005 leucothoe campi mateus & mateus , 1986 leucothoe cheiriserra serejo , 1998 leucothoe commensalis haswell , 1879 leucothoe crassimana kossmann , 1880 leucothoe crenatipalma ledoyer , 1972 leucothoe ctenochasma moore , 1987 leucothoe ctenochir k. h. barnard , 1925 leucothoe dentata ledoyer , 1973 leucothoe dentitelson ( chevreux , 1925 ) leucothoe diemenensis haswell , 1879 leucothoe dolichoceras k. h. barnard , 1916 leucothoe eltoni thomas , 2015 leucothoe epideomos white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe eumilli white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe euryonyx ( walker , 1901 ) leucothoe flammosa thomas & klebba , 2007 leucothoe furina ( savigny , 1816 ) leucothoe garifunae thomas & klebba , 2007 leucothoe gavialis myers , 1985 leucothoe germanalcyone hirayama , 1992 leucothoe goowera j. l. barnard , 1974 leucothoe grandimanus stimpson , 1853 leucothoe hendrickxi winfield & alvarez , 2009 leucothoe hipposideros white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe hornelli ( walker , 1904 ) leucothoe hyhelia j. l. barnard , 1965 leucothoe incisa ( robertson , 1892 ) leucothoe kensleyi thomas & klebba , 2005 leucothoe laevipalma white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe laticoxa ledoyer , 1978 leucothoe laurensi thomas & ortiz , 1995 leucothoe leptosa serejo , 1998 leucothoe lihue j. l. barnard , 1970 leucothoe lilljeborgi boeck , 1861 leucothoe madrasana sivaprakasam , 1969 leucothoe makrommatos white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe mateusae ( barnard & karaman , 1991 ) leucothoe micronesiae j. l. barnard , 1965 leucothoe minima schellenberg , 1925 leucothoe minuscula schellenberg , 1938 leucothoe nagatai ishimaru , 1985 leucothoe neptunea moore , 1987 leucothoe oboa karaman , 1971 leucothoe occulta krapp-schickel , 1975 leucothoe odontiskos white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe orkneyi holman & watling , 1983 leucothoe pachycera della valle , 1893 leucothoe pacifica nagata , 1963 leucothoe panpulco j. l. barnard , 1961 leucothoe pollex white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe predenticulata ledoyer , 1978 leucothoe procera bate , 1857 leucothoe richiardii lesson , 1865 leucothoe rostrata chevreux , 1908 leucothoe rudicula white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe safiae lyons & myers , 1991 leucothoe saron thomas & klebba , 2007 leucothoe serrata white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe serraticarpa della valle , 1893 leucothoe sparsa white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe spinicarpa ( abildgaard , 1789 ) leucothoe spinulosa chevreux , 1919-20 leucothoe squalidens ledoyer , 1984 leucothoe stegoceras walker , 1904 leucothoe stylifera stimpson , 1856 leucothoe tarte j. l. barnard , 1974 leucothoe thula white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe tolkieni g. vinogradov , 1990 leucothoe trailli thomson , 1882 leucothoe tridens stebbing , 1888 leucothoe ubouhu thomas & klebba , 2007 leucothoe undulata white & thomas , 2009 leucothoe urospinosa serejo , 1998 leucothoe uschakovi gurjanova , 1951 leucothoe venetiarum giordani-soika , 1950 leucothoe wuriti thomas & klebba , 2007

leucothoe ( amphipod )

systematics and phylogeny of the commensal amphipod family anamixidae ( crustacea : amphipoda ) .
occurrence of the amphipod leucothoides pottsi shoemaker in the tunicate ecteinascidia turbinata herdman from big pine key , florida .
a newly - discovered species of leucothoid amphipod has been named after british singer and composer sir elton john .
species leucothoe minima barnard , 1952 accepted as leucothoe alata j . l . barnard , 1959 ( superceded original combination )
a new species of commensal amphipod ( amphipoda : gammaridea : leucothoidae ) from veracruz coral reef system , sw gulf of mexico .
leucothoe kawesqari sp . n . a habitus b antenna 1 c antenna 2 .
location of the records of species of leucothoe in the magellan region . bonp is shown overshadowed . leucothoe sp . ? corresponds to those in schellemberg ( 1931 ) as leucothoe spinicarpa which cannot be attributed to any known species ( see text ) .
a new species of leucothoid amphipod , anamixis bananarama , sp . n . , from shallow coral reefs in french polynesia ( crustacea , amphipoda , leucothoidae ) .
in an interesting twist leucothoe eltoni is now reported from hawaiian waters as an invasive species .
thomas jd ( 2015 ) leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , a new species of commensal leucothoid amphipod from coral reefs in raja ampat , indonesia ( crustacea , amphipoda ) . zookeys 518 : 51–66 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 518 . 9340
thomas jd . 2105 . leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , a new species of commensal leucothoid amphipod from coral reefs in raja ampat , indonesia ( crustacea , amphipoda ) . zookeys 518 : 51 - 66 ; doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 518 . 9340
revision of leucothoe ( amphipoda , crustacea ) from the southern ocean : a cosmopolitanism concept is vanishing .
revision of leucothoe ( amphipoda , crustacea ) from the southern ocean : a cosmopolitanism concept is vanishing .
esquete p , aldea c ( 2015 ) leucothoe kawesqari , a new amphipod from bernardo o’higgins national park ( chile ) , with remarks on the genus in the magellan region ( crustacea , peracarida ) . zookeys 539 : 83–95 . doi : 10 . 3897 / zookeys . 539 . 6157
leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , male , whole body showing inflated gnathopod1 . photo j . thomas .
leucothoe leach , 1814 is a speciose amphipod genus that currently comprises 132 species ( worms 2015 ) . species of leucothoe are widespread in all oceans and inhabit a variety of benthic environments from the intertidal zone to –3570 m although most of them live in shallow waters in association with other invertebrates such as in ascidians , sponges , and bivalve mollusks , or free living in algae or coral rubble ( white 2011 ) .
a new commensal species of the genus leucothoe leach , 1814 ( amphipoda : leucothoidae ) from the cuban archipelago .
leucothoe eltoni sp . n . most closely resembles leucothoe tumida of myers ( 2013 ) in the inflated carpus and propodus of gnathopod 1 ; in the short stubby antennae ; pereopods 5 - 7 with article 4 extending more than 50 percent along posterior margin of article 5 ; and a 2 - segmented maxilliped palp . leucothoe tumida differs from leucothoe eltoni in having a large excavation in the palm of gnathopod 2 ; and in having a smooth inner margin of the maxilliped outer plate . both species differ in host preferences with leucothoe tumida found in the mantle cavity of the winged pearl oyster pteria penguin while leucothoe eltoni prefers branchial chambers of large solitary ascidians , especially herdmania and polycarpa species .
a redescription of leucothoe spinicarpa ( abildgaard , 1789 ) based on material from the north atlantic ( amphipoda , leucothoidae ) .
hosie , a . m . 2008 . leucothoe spinicarpa an amphipod . in tyler - walters h . and hiscock k . ( eds ) marine life information network : biology and sensitivity key information reviews , [ on - line ] . plymouth : marine biological association of the united kingdom . [ cited 09 - 07 - 2018 ] . available from : urltoken
leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , holotype ♂a , 8 . 10 mm ; uropods 1 - 3 ; epimera , telson .
leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , sem , male , maxilliped , 381× , station indo04 - 01c , sulawesi , indonesia .
dr thomas also pointed out that even though their tiny size , crustaceans such as leucothoe eltoni provide crucial information about reef health .
leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , sem , male , left mandible , 400× ; station indo04 - 01c , sulawesi , indonesia .
leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , sem , male , right mandible , 600× ; station indo04 - 01c , sulawesi , indonesia .
the geographical distribution of the species of leucothoe studied by krapp - schickel and de broyer ( 2014 ) and the data presented herein thus complete a latitudinal turnover of leucothoe species along the west coast of the american continent , having from the north toward south , leucothoe kawesqari , l . sp . and leucothoe weddellensis . nevertheless , large areas remain largely undersampled ; future surveys in the east pacific including the magellan region would reveal whether there are regions where species of the genus overlap , or a total latitudinal species turnover due to speciation through colonization .
leucothoe kawesqari sp . n . a upper lip b left mandible c right mandible d mandibular palp e maxilla 1 f maxilla 2 g maxilliped .
a new species of leucothoid amphipod , leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , is described from coral reefs in raja ampat , indonesia where it inhabits the branchial chambers of solitary tunicates . with an inflated first gnathopod superficially resembling the genus paraleucothoe , this new species has a two - articulate maxilla 1 palp characteristic of the genus leucothoe . while described from coral reef environments in tropical indonesia and the philippines , it is an established invasive species in the hawaiian islands . the most likely mode of introduction was a us navy dry dock transported to pearl harbor in 1992 from subic bay , philippines .
leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , gnathopod 1 lateral and medial ; holotype ♂a , 8 . 10 mm ; paratype ♀b , 7 . 35 mm .
leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , gnathopod 2 medial and lateral ; holotype ♂a , 8 . 10 mm ; paratype ♀b , 7 . 35 mm .
for the experts : a new species of leucothoid amphipod , leucothoe eltoni sp . n . , is described from coral reefs in raja ampat , indonesia where it inhabits the branchial chambers of solitary tunicates . with an inflated first gnathopod superficially resembling the genus paraleucothoe , this new species has a two - articulate maxilla 1 palp characteristic of the genus leucothoe . while described from coral reef environments in tropical indonesia and the philippines , it is an established invasive species in the hawaiian islands . the most likely mode of introduction was a us navy dry dock transported to pearl harbor in 1992 from subic bay , philippines .
both leucothoe tumida and leucothoe eltoni superficially resemble members of the genus paraleucothoe in the large inflated gnathopod 1 of terminal males . however , paraleucothoe differs from all species of leucothoe in having the outer plate of the maxilliped extended distally beyond palp article 1 . paraleucothoe novaehollandiae ( haswell , 1879 ) also has a uniarticulate maxilla 1 palp but this feature is no longer unique to the genus as a number of recently described leucothoe species have this feature . paraleucothoe novaehollandiae is reported from the branchial chambers of the stalked tunicates pyura spinifera and pyura praeputialis ( formerly pyura stolonifera ) in southern australia waters ( lowry et al 2000 ) and other large solitary tunicates such as herdmania sp . the exact placement of paraleucothoe flindersi described by stebbing ( 1888 ) from the torres straits remains problematic as it lacks the extended apical lobe of maxilliped outer plate typical of leucothoe novaehollandiae , but has a uniarticulate palp and gnathopod 1 reminiscent of leucothoe eltoni females and juvenile males . further resolution awaits examination of material from the type locality .
leucothoe spinicarpa grows to around 12 mm in length , has a green , pink or white laterally compressed body and red eyes . in leucothoe spinicarpa the large gnathopod 1 is carpochelate ( the chelae articulate at the carpus not with the propodus , as in crabs ) and the larger gnathopod 2 is subchelate but with a very protuberant carpus .
leucothoe kawesqari sp . n . a pereopod 3 b pereopod 4 c pereopod 5 d pereopod 6 e pereopod 7 f uropod 1 g uropod 2 h uropod 3 i telson .
although previous reports of leucothoe spinicarpa in the magellan region are probably wrong ( de broyer et al . 2007 , white 2011 ) , it is worth mentioning the main differences with the present species . based on the description provided by crowe ( 2006 ) , unlike leucothoe kawesqari , leucothoe spinicarpa has a gnathopod 1 propodus ventral margin with more than 10 spines , coxa 5 markedly bilobed , gnathopod 2 carpus scarcely setose with a subdistal cusp , epimeron 1 with anterodistal tuft of setae , and telson apex bidentate with a pair of distal setae .
leucothoe kawesqari is most similar to leucothoe antarctica pfeffer , 1888 as redescribed by krapp - schickel and de broyer ( 2014 ) : they share a mandibular palp article 3 1 / 3 length of article 2 , coxa 3 longer than broad with rounded distal margin , and 5–7 basis oval , but leucothoe antarctica lacks accessory flagellum , has a coxa 5 distinctively bilobed , maxilliped palp article 4 and 5 more slender , setae on gnathopod 2 ischium and merus , pereopod 6 basis strongly serrated , epimeron 2–3 with ventrodistal setae , uropods more spinose and telson with a pair of distal setae .
leucothoe kawesqari was one of the dominant species of amphipod found in unvegetated hard substrates in the southernmost sampling site , where the amphipods polycheria antarctica ( stebbing , 1875 ) and orchestia spp . , were also abundant . towards the north of bonp , leucothoe kawesqari was found in subtrates dominated by kelp forest of macrocystis pyrifera , where andaniopsis integripes ( bellan - santini & ledoyer , 1986 ) was dominant and it also co - occurred with the tanaid zeuxoides troncosoi esquete & bamber , 2012 and juveniles of the isopod family janiridae . high abundances of other benthic taxa were found co - occurring with leucothoe kawesqari : the polychaetes platynereis australis ( schmarda , 1861 ) and perinereis gualpensis jeldes , 1963 , the bivalve aulacomya atra ( molina , 1782 ) the decapod halicarcinus planatus ( fabricius , 1775 ) and unidentified species of echinodermata ( ophiuroidea and psolidae ) , porifera and ascidiacea . these specimens of leucothoe kawesqari were likely associated with or endocommensal associates of the porifera and ascidacea specimens withinin the sample , since the sampling method ( scraping substrate ) dislodges the samples and everything was sorted through at one time ( white 2011 , white and reimer 2012 ) .
the genus leucothoe has been reported repeatedly in the magellan region , defined as the patagonian shelf south of about 41°s on both the pacific and atlantic sides , assigned to the wrongly considered cosmopolitan species leucothoe spinicarpa ( abildgaard , 1789 ) ( see de broyer et al . 2007 , white 2011 ) . krapp - schickel and de broyer ( 2014 ) revised the leucothoe in the southern ocean , and clarified the citation of holman and watling ( 1983 ) from tierra de fuego by describing the species leucothoe weddellensis krapp - schickel & de broyer , 2014 . the rest of the records of the genus in the region do not provide descriptions , hence the specimens cannot be attributed to any described species . in this work , a new species found in the channels and fjords of bernardo o’higgins national park ( henceforward bonp ) is described .
as mentioned above , the only described species of leucothoe found in the magellan region is leucothoe weddellensis . following holman and watling ( 1983 ) , krapp - schickel and de broyer ( 2014 ) divided the material of leucothoe weddellensis in two groups , according to morphological differences , locations and size . the material from the magellan region ( south of tierra de fuego ) corresponds to the larger specimens ( more than 14 mm long ) . from those , leucothoe kawesqari differs ( besides the length ) in that the former lacks accessory flagellum , has a distinctively more slender gnathopod 1 propodus , coxa 5 is markedly bilobed , peropods 5–7 basis are pear - shaped oval ( while in leucothoe kawesqari are regularly oval ) and more slender , the epimeron 1 is posteriorly serrate , the epimeron 2 has ventrodistal setae , and epimeron 3 as a posterodistal small prolongation . the smaller specimens differ in lacking accessory flagellum , having a longer mandibular palp article 3 ( 1 / 2 of the length of article 2 ) , gnathopod 1 propodus anterior margin concave , gnathopod 2 basis more setose , pereopods 5–7 distinctly narrower , pereopods 5–6 with slightly concave hind margin .
regarding other species from the southern ocean , leucothoe merletta krapp - schickel & de broyer , 2014 can be readily differentiated from leucothoe kawesqari because of having coxae 2 and 4 with acute anterodistal angles , having mandibular palp article 3 about as long as article 2 , pereopods 5–7 basis with regularly rounded hind margin , epimeron 1 distal margin rounded and epimeron 3 with rectangular posterodistal corner . leucothoe campbelli krapp - schickel & de broyer , 2014 has a longer mandibular palp article 3 ( 1 / 2 length of article 2 ) , coxa 3 subtrapezoidal , gnathopod 1 propodus more robust , pereopods 5–7 basis posterior margin smoth and epimeral plate with posterodistally upturned corner . leucothoe longimembris krapp - schickel & de broyer , 2014 lacks eyes , no accessory flagellum , mandibular palp article 3 1 / 2 length of article 2 , and basis of pereopods 5–7 slim , broadest proximally . leucothoe macquariae krapp - schickel & de broyer , 2014 lacks accessory flagellum , mandibular palp article 3 1 / 2 length of article 2 , more robust gnathopods carpi , epimeron 3 distal posterior margin distal corner blunt and upturned , and telson tip acute . leucothoe orkneyi holman & watling , 1983 can be immediately differentiated in having a very slender gnathopod 1 propodus , and having a very prominent mid - cephalic keel , no accessory flagellum , a very slender , pereopods 5–7 basis margin strongly serrated , and epimera distal margins with setae .
worms ( 2015 ) leucothoe leach , 1814 . in : horton t , lowry j , de broyer c ( 2013 onwards , eds ) world amphipoda database , through world register of marine species . urltoken [ accessed 20 aug . 2015 ]
although the genus leucothoe has been reported repeatedly in the magellan region , the citations in the channels and fjords ecoregion were either unidentified or attributed to the previously considered cosmopolitan leucothoe spinicarpa . in this work , leucothoe kawesqari sp . n . is described , which can be distinguished from other species of the genus in the southern ocean by having eyes present , epimeral plates with no setae , anterior coxae not acutely produced or excavate , coxa 5 slightly bilobed , accessory flagellum present , mandibular palp article 3 shorter than ½ article 2 , pereopods 5–7 basis expanded , ovoid , posterior margin weakly crenulate and telson apex irregularly truncated . the new species was found in hard substrates , both unvegetated and with macroalgae , mainly in kelp forest of macrocystis pyrifera .
a pesar de que el género leucothoe ha sido citado en la región magallánica en repetidas ocasiones , las citas en la ecorregión de canales y fiordos o bien no han sido identificados o atribuidos a la antes considerada especie cosmopolita leucothoe spinicarpa . en este trabajo se describe leucothoe kawesqari sp . n . , que se distingue de otras especies del género que se encuentran en el océano antártico por presentar ojos , placas epimerales sin setas , coxas anteriores no puntiagudas ni excavadas , coxa 5 ligeramente bilobulada , flagelo accesorio , artículo 3 del palpo mandibular más corto que la mitad del artículo 2 , bases de los pereiópodos 2–7 expandidas con el margen ligeramente crenulado y ápice del telson truncado e irregular . la nueva especie fue encontrada en sustratos duros , tanto sin vegetación como con macroalgas , dominadas por bosques de huiros de la especie macrocystis pyrifera .
the new species leucothoe eltoni , was named in honor of the rock musician sir elton john . specifically , in reference to the large shoe - like first gnathopod ( see image above ) of this species and the oversize boots elton john wore as the local pinball champion in the movie “tommy” ( 1975 ) .
this tiny ( 7 – 8 mm long ) , extraordinary creature , leucothoe eltoni , can be found in coral reefs of yenweres bay , raja ampat , indonesia , and also in the philippines , where it lives inside other reef invertebrates in a commensal association — without causing any harm , nor benefit to its host .
while the native range of leucothoe eltoni sp . n . encompasses shallow coral reef habitats in indonesian and the philippines , it is also an established invasive in hawaiian waters ( coles et al . 1999 ) . the most likely vector for introduction was a dry dock , uss machinist , transported to pearl harbor from subic bay , philippines in 1992 . prior extensive treatment of hawaiian amphipods by j . l . barnard ( 1970 , 1971 ) and ongoing monitoring by the bishop museum did not document any leucothoid resembling leucothoe eltoni sp . n . prior to 1992 . ongoing sampling of marine flora and fauna by the bishop museum first reported this species in 1997 as paraleucothoe flindersi . muir ( 1997 ) speculated it was most likely an introduced species . such rafting on floating metal objects is a possible means of transportation for benthic marine organism ( cairns 2000 ; creed and de paula 2007 , hoeksema et al . 2012 ) . since first reported from pearl harbor in 1997 ( as paraleucothoe flindersi ) leucothoe eltoni sp . n . has spread throughout oahu and other islands including molokai . the author has collected leucothoe eltoni sp . n . from sponges in kaneohe bay , ohau . the effects , if any , of this species on endemic leucothoid commensals and its spread in hawaii is unknown at this time .
leucothoe tolkieni vinogradov , 1990 is the only other species described from the southeastern pacific , although it was found well offshore . it differs from the species described here mainly in having the head anterior margin truncate with eyes that cover most of the head , gnathopod 1 basis anteroproximally expanded , and propodus curved , proximally inflated , gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate , spoon - like , pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly expanded and telson apex rounded .
currently the revised leucothoidae ( sensu stricto ) comprises 176 species in five genera . this includes 42 former anamixid species in anamixis stebbing , 1897 ( 23 spp . ) ; nepanamixis thomas , 1997 ( 4 spp . ) ; and paranamixis schellenberg , 1938 ( 15 spp . ) ; and 134 leucothoid species comprised of leucothoe leach ( 132 spp . ) , and paraleucothoe stebbing , 1899 ( 2 spp . ) . species in the former anamixid genera differ from other leucothoids in exhibiting radical sexual dimorphism , eusocial and harem guarding population structure , and tropic to warm temperate distributions . species in leucothoe and paraleucothoe exhibit minor to moderate sexual dimorphism , and have tropic to polar distributions . recent 18s rdna sequence data by white and reimer ( 2012d ) suggest that the generic boundaries and definition of paraleucothoe should be evaluated in the light of new molecular and morphological data .
while leucothoid amphipods are frequently encountered in marine faunal surveys and inventories information about their invertebrate hosts is rarely known and infrequently documented . the leucothoidae , once thought to be a cosmopolitan and widespread taxon are now known to be a highly habitat - specific species complex . taxonomic clarity within the group has been hampered by widespread and incorrect records of leucothoe spinicarpa ( abildgaard , 1789 ) . upon further analysis many of these records are now proving to be discrete species , thus diminishing the cosmopolitan concept within the group ( krapp - schickell and de broyer 2014 ) .
with their distinct morphology and common occurrence in shallow coastal marine environments , leucothoid amphipods drew the attention of early naturalists , resulting in some of the earliest recorded amphipod descriptions . while important taxonomic records , these early descriptions were often inadequately illustrated and described contributing to subsequent taxonomic confusion in the group . with increasing concerns about global climate change and loss of marine biodiversity , leucothoid amphipods are sensitive model organisms highly susceptible to a variety of toxicants and pollutants ( reish and barnard 1969 ) and capable of providing a comparative diversity framework and serving as measures of change in marine ecosystems ( thomas 1993 , 1997b ) . while the lack a larval stage limits widespread dispersal , some tube - dwelling and fouling community amphipods attain broad distributions as drifters on seaweed and algae , attached to floating debris , as components of fouling communities , and their occurrence in ballast water ( carlton 2010 ) . leucothoids , with their constrained distributions and commensal life history , can serve as valid indicators of environmental change and sentinels of lineage - based evolutionary history ( thomas 1997a ) . the use of leucothoids in such context depends on precise taxonomies and representative collections across broad marine habitats . this increased precision in determining composition and assessing threat levels is of interest especially for increasingly impacted coral reef systems ( thomas 1993 , 1997b ) . assessments incorporating cryptic biota could provide more refined and detailed insights than traditional coral reef inventories that incorporate organisms with large - scale dispersal capabilities ( hoeksema 2007 ) .
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white , k . n . ; thomas , j . d . ( 2009 ) . leucothoidae . in : lowry , j . k . & myers , a . a . ( eds ) ( 2009 ) benthic amphipoda ( crustacea : peracarida ) of the great barrier reef , australia . zootaxa . 2260 : 1 - 930 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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bonp is placed in the chilean geopolitical regions of aysén and magallanes , between 48 . 0–51 . 6°s and 73 . 3–75 . 8°w ( aravena et al . 2011 ) . its coastal line consists of countless channels and fjords along more than 400 linear kilometers of the southeastern pacific ( aldea et al . 2011 ) , which house a variety of habitats .
between january and march 2010 two cruises were carried out onboard the vessel mv nueva galicia with the objective of sampling the rocky sublittoral bottoms of the channels and fjords of bonp . a total of 23 sites was sampled with scuba : five samples were taken manually at both 5 and 15 m depth at each site ( 10 samples at each site ) , harvesting squares of 25×25 cm ( 0 . 063 m 2 ) by scraping off all the organisms ( including fauna and smaller algae ) , but not the kelps . samples were fixed in 5 % buffered formalin and subsequently sorted , preserved in 70 % alcohol and identified . illustrations were performed using a camera lucida connected to a compound microscope .
terminology used in the description follows krapp - schickel and de broyer ( 2014 ) . body length is measured from dorsodistal extreme of pereon to frontal tip of head . specimens with no penile process or marsupium are considered neuters . type material is lodged in the collections of the museo nacional de historia natural , chile ( mnhncl ) and the museo nacional de ciencias naturales de madrid ( mncn ) , spain .
holotype : female , 8 mm length , mnhncl amp - 15038 ; paratypes : female , dissected , 5 mm length , mnhncl amp - 15039 ; 2 females , mncn 20 . 04 / 10146 , mncn 20 . 04 / 10147 ; all , 51°04 ' 04 . 7
s , 74°08 ' 29 . 5
w , 5–15 m depth , rocks , 27 january 2010 . other material examined : 8 females and neuters , 51°04 ' 04 . 7
s , 74°08 ' 29 . 5
w , 5–15 m depth , rocks , 27 january 2010 ; 16 neuters , 49°36 ' 16 . 7
s , 75°23 ' 31 . 4
w , 5–15 m depth , rocks with macroalgae , 19 march 2010 , 1 female , 49°11 ' 27 . 1
s , 75°23 ' 30 . 8
w , 5–15 m depth , rocks with macroalgae , 19 march 2010 . all coll . r . barría , e . newcombe , m . hüne and t . césped .
head anterior margin rounded , mid - cephalic keel quadrate but not prominent . eyes present . epimeral plates with no setae , epimeron 3 posterior margin excavate , postero - ventral corner blunt , with right angle . coxae 1 - 3 not acutely produced , nor excavated , coxa 3 longer than broad , coxa 5 slightly bilobed . antenna 1 main flagellum of 11–12 articles , accessory flagellum present , minute , of two unequal segments . antenna 2 flagellum of 6 articles . mandibular palp article 3 shorter than ½ of article 2 . ganthopod 1 propodus palm with minute serrations . dactylus reaching 0 . 4 of propodus length . gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin smooth , carpus smooth , without tooth or process , setose , reaching 0 . 3 of propodus length , propodus with short , blunt distal prolongation and three medial rows of setae . pereopods 5–7 bases expanded , ovoid , posterior margin weakly crenulate . telson apex irregularly truncated .
named after the alacalufe people kawésqar , whose ancestral territory extends through the magellan region , from the gulf of penas to the strait of magellan .
) anterior margin rounded , anterodistal margin rounded . mid cephalic keel quadrate but not prominent , eyes present , rounded .
) 0 . 4 times as long as body ; peduncle article 1 2 . 3 times as long as broad ; article 2 subequal in length , 4 . 3 times as long as broad ; article 3 half as long as long article 2 , 2 . 8 times as long as broad ; accessory flagellum present , minute , about ½ as long as main flagellum article 1 , biarticulated , first article about three times as long as second ; main flagellum of 11 articles , about as long as peduncle article 1 , aesthetascs present , flagellum article 1 as long as articles 2–3 and half of 4 together .
) slightly shorter than antenna 1 ; peduncular article 5 0 . 8 times as long as article 4 ; flagellum of 6 articles .
) article 2 with 9 lateral and 3 distal setae , article 3 about 1 / 3 of article 2 , with two unequal distal setae ; incisor dentate , spine row of 12 serrate spines ; left lacinia mobilis ( fig .
) large , distally as long as incisor ; right lacinia mobilis ( fig .
) palp two - articulate , distal article with three distal spines ; outer plate with four distal spines , three distal slender spines and three subdistal fine setae ; inner plate with one distal small seta . maxilla 2 ( fig .
) outer plate with three distal spines , outer margin subdistally setulose ; inner plate with nine spines along inner margin . maxilliped ( fig .
) inner plate distal margin with three setae , three short spines on inner corner and one slender spine on outer corner ; palp articles 2–4 similar in length .
) coxa naked , anterior margin 1 . 4 as long as posterior ; basis anterior and posterior margins with sparse short setae ; ischium naked ; carpus linear , naked ; propodus 3 . 6 times as long as broad , palm with minute serrations and row of 7 short setae ; dactylus smooth , reaching 0 . 4 length of propodus .
) coxa subquadrate , naked ; basis anterior margin with 4–5 setae , posterodistal corner with one seta ; carpus reaching 0 . 3 of propodus length , curved , distally rounded , densely setose ; propodus twice as long as broad , anterodistal margin with short , blunt prolongation bearing a tuft of setae , with three facial rows of setae , osp . n . rse and near palm , one mediofacial and reaching 2 / 3 the length of propodus , and one displaced dorsally , reaching from distal corner to 1 / 3 length of propodus , palm convex , slightly crenulated ; dactylus smooth , reaching 0 . 6 length of propodus .
) coxa longer than broad , distal margin rounded , naked ; basis very narrow , naked ; merus with anterodistal spine ; propodus with a row of six ventral , short spines .
) coxa naked , anterior margin longer than posterior , distal margin rounded and oblique , posterior margin tapered ; propodus with a row of nine ventral , short spines ; otherwise as pereopod 3 .
) coxa naked , slightly bilobed ; basis oval , 1 . 5 times as long as broad , anterior margin with spines , posterior margin weakly crenulated ; merus anterior and posterior margins with spines , posterodistal corner lengthened ; propodus anterior margin with a row of spinules .
) coxa bilobed ; basis 1 . 4 times as long as broad ; otherwise as pereopod 5 .
) coxa shorter than broad , distal margin rounded ; otherwise as pereopod 6 .
) naked ; epimeron 2 posterior margin concave , posteroventral corner without cusp ; epimeron 3 posterior margin excavate , postero - ventral corner blunt , with right angle .
) peduncle 0 . 7 times as long as outer ramus ; outer ramus with 5 spines ; rami with marginal spines , inner ramus slightly shorter than outer . uropod 2 ( fig .
) somewhat shorter than uropod 1 , peduncle 1 . 6 times as long as outer ramus , with spines on distal half of outer margin ; rami with marginal spines , inner ramus slightly shorter . uropod 3 ( fig .
) 1 . 1 times as long as uropod 1 , peduncle 1 . 2 times as long as outer ramus ; outer ramus with marginal spines ; the shorter one 0 . 8 times as long as the longer one , naked .
) 3 . 3 times as long as broad , distal tip minutely , irregularly truncate .
the two species currently described for the magellan region have a well separated geographical distribution ( fig .
in cabo valentina , rio seco , strait of magellan , canal beagle , and isla lennox . as mentioned above no illustration was provided , hence his records cannot be attributed to any described species . these locations lie between the distribution areas of the two known species . otherwise , there are no more records of
we would like to thank our colleagues who supported us collecting samples used in this study and the crew of mv nueva galicia for their assistance . to jesús troncoso ( universidad de vigo , spain ) and carlos ríos ( instituto de la patagonia , universidad de magallanes , chile ) we thank for aiding us in technical facilities . this work was carried out starting from the project innova 08ctu01 - 20 , which was developed by cequa foundation and chilean national forest corporation ( conaf ) , and supported by the chilean production development corporation ( corfo ) . p . esquete was supported by postdoctoral grant sfrh / bpd / 94985 / 2013 awarded by the fundacão para a ciência e tecnologia ( fct , portugal ) . the authors also thank kristine white and an anonymous reviewer for their contribution in improving the manuscript .
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commensal leucothoidae ( crustacea , amphipoda ) of the ryukyu archipelago , japan . part ii : sponge - dwellers .
because leucothoids lack a dispersive larval stage and frequently inhabit internal chambers of sessile invertebrate hosts they are potentially informative proxies for evolutionary diversity . recent developments within the taxonomy of the leucothoidae include : ( 1 ) availability of an electronic taxonomic database ( thomas and white 2014 ) ; and ( 2 ) widely deployed specialized in - situ underwater collecting methodologies . specialized collection methods that isolate hosts and commensals together ( sponges , ascidians , and bivalve mollusks ) has led to re - examination of existing collections and spurred new efforts resulting in an increase in recently described leucothoid taxa for study and research ( myers 2013 , krapp - schickel and debroyer 2014 , ortiz and winfiled 2012 , thomas 1979 , 1997a , b , thomas and klebba 2006 , 2007 , thomas and krapp - schickel 2011 , thomas and taylor 1981 , white and thomas 2009 , white and reimer 2012a , 2012b , 2012c , winfield and alvarez 2009 , winfield et al . 2009 ) including new approaches for molecular analysis ( white 2010 , 2011a , b , white and reimer 2012d ) .
using scuba and specialized underwater collecting techniques amphipods were sampled in - situ from ascidians , sponges , and bivalves throughout raja ampat , indonesia . specimens were captured in - situ directly from their host either with a modified squirt bottle or by isolating hosts and substrata underwater in plastic bags and later coercing the amphipods from the host using a small amount of freshwater or formalin in the lab .
specimens were either fixed in 2 % buffered formalin or 70 % ethanol . prior to observation , specimens were gently cleaned with small sable hair brushes , and transferred to glycerin for dissection , illustration , and analysis . for sem analysis , specimens were rehydrated to distilled water ( three fluid changes for 10 minutes each ) , soaked in a dilute surfactant for 15 minutes ( two drops of tween 80 in 100 ml of water ) , briefly sonicated ( 10 seconds ) to remove accumulated surface debris , and re - rinsed in distilled water ( three fluid changes for 10 minutes each ) . this preparation protocol was modified from felgenhauer ( 1987 ) by using a more finely graded alcohol series ( 5 % , 10 % , 15 % , 25 % , 35 % , 50 % , 60 % , 70 % , 75 % , 80 % , 85 % , 90 % , 95 % , and 100 % ) to prevent distortion and shrinkage . specimens were then fixed in salt water buffered osmium tetroxide ( equal parts , under fume hood ) for 2 . 5 hours , dehydrated in a graded alcohol series , transferred to acetone ( three fluid changes for 10 minutes each ) , soaked in hexamethyldisilazane reagent ( hmds ) for 15 minutes , air - dried overnight , and sputter coated with palladium for scanning electron microscopy . photographs were taken with an isi - ds - 130 dual state scanning electron microscope .
figure legend – capital letters in figures refer to the following appendages : a = antennae , cx = coxae , e = epimera , hd = head , ll = lower lip , md = mandible , n = gnathopod , p = pereopod , t = telson , u = uropod , ul = upper lip , x = maxillae .
capital letters to the right of each caption refer to the following : l = left , r = right . lower case letters to the left of capital letters refer to the following adjectives : l = lateral , m = medial , x = magnified . numbers to the right of capital letters refer to specific structures . “lw” in text refers to length / width ratios . sexes are indicated by ♂ and ♀ symbols .
material is deposited at the national museum of natural history , leiden ( rmnh ) and at the zoological museum of bogor ( mzb ) indonesian institute of sciences ( lipi ) . additional material examined from the bernice p . bishop museum ( bpbm ) , oahu , hawaii , and the california academy of science , san francisco , california ( casiz ) .
reef slope , yenweres bay , raja ampat , indonesia , 00° 29 . 216’s ; 130° 40 . 394’e , coral reef slope , 20m .
holotype . male a , 8 . 10mm ; mzb cru amp 003 , 10 december 2007 , yenweres bay , raja ampat , indonesia , 00°29 . 216’s ; 130°40 . 394’e , jdt - rajam - 46 , 20m , collected in - situ from branchial baskets of herdmania sp . tunicates , james thomas , collector .
paratypes . female b , 7 . 35mm ; male c , 7 . 40mm ; and six additional specimens . rmnh . crus . a . 5055 , 10 december 2007 , station number jdt - rajam - 46 , 20m , collected in - situ from branchial baskets of herdmania sp . tunicates , james thomas , collector .
male and female specimens , rmnh . crus . a . 5056 , 4 december 2004 , bunaken , sulawesi , indonesia , 1°37 . 063’ n ; 124°46 . 966’ e . station indo04 - 01c , 8 . 5 m , from herdmania sp . tunicates , reef wall in front of living colors dive resort . j . thomas , k . white collectors . bpbm s11292 - 293 , pearl harbor , oahu , hawaii , station 6 , 16 april 1996 , from the sponge mycale grandis , usn drydock “machinist” . casiz 204559 , philippines , batangas province , maricaban island , cemetery beach , 13°41 . 063n ; 120°49 . 813e , coral rubble , 5 m . , from polycarpa tunicate , j . thomas , collector .
the specific epithet , eltoni , in honor of the rock musician sir elton john . specifically , in reference to the large shoe - like first gnathopod of this species and the oversize boots elton john wore as the local pinball champion in the movie “tommy” ( 1975 ) .
male holotype a . antenna 1 and 2 short , less than 0 . 10 body length ; maxilliped , inner margin of outer plate crenulate , palp 2 - articulate ; gnathopod 1 , carpus and propodus greatly enlarged ; carpus setose posteriorly ; distal margin of propodus tumid , inflated ; gnathopod 2 , palm oblique with 3 concavities separated by truncate projections ; pereopods 5 - 7 , article 4 extending beyond 0 . 5× of article 5 .
ratios of antenna 1 and 2 , 0 . 10 and 0 . 09 body length ; relative lengths of antenna 1 and 2 , 1 . 00 : 0 . 89 , flagellae 8 and 6 - segmented . anterior margin of head broadly truncate ; mid - ventral keel produced , anterior margin produced dorsally as small knob , tapering posteriorly , ventral margin straight .
coxae . coxae 1 - 4 width ratios , 1 . 00 : 1 . 87 : 1 . 37 : 1 . 40 , coxa 4 posterior margin widest mid posteriorly , tapering proximally , coxa 5 - 6 bilobed ; coxa 7 reduced , ovate .
mandibles . both lacking molars ; palp 3 - articulate , ratio of articles 1 - 3 1 . 00 : 2 . 50 : 2 . 60 ; incisors moderately dentate . left mandible , palp articles 2 - 3 with 2 anterior and 2 apical setae ; lacinia mobilis large , strongly toothed ; 13 raker spines , two distal raker spines enlarged and modified . right mandible , palp articles 2 - 3 with 13 anterior and 2 apical setae ; lacinia mobilis an elongated flake ; 15 raker spines .
maxillae . 1 , palp 2 - articulate with four apical setae , and two rows nine and eleven facial setae ; outer plate with seven apical setae and nine facial setae ; inner plate small , ovate , with single apical seta . maxilla 2 : inner plate , distal margin with 6 apical setae and 6 submarginal setae , 20 + facial setae ; outer plate with 5 marginal medial setae and 19 facial setae .
maxilliped . inner and outer plates reduced ; inner plates fused , with three stout apical setae and numerous fine facial setae ; outer plate , anterior one third of medial margin tuberculate ; palp article 1 with several apicodistal setae on medial dorsal margin and numerous marginal setae on ventral margin ; article 4 with dense row of oblique and marginal setae on both dorsal and ventral margins ; article 3 apical margin and dactyl with dense covering of pubescent setae .
gnathopod 1 . coxa lobate , lw 1 . 25 ; basis linear , lw 3 . 66 , anterior margin serrate with 22 long setae and single posterodistal apical seta ; carpus expanded , basally stout , recurved distally with sharp apex ; posterior margin with approximately 49 long recurved setae along 0 . 18 - 0 . 94 of carpal margin and 12 short , submarginal mediofacial setae ; propodus , anterior margin greatly inflated , circular , lw 1 . 50 , posterior margin expanded , with approximately 10 short posterior setae ; dactyl reduced , straight , closing medially in groove on propodus .
gnathopod 2 . coxa oval , expanded distally , distal margin smooth , lw 0 . 87 ; article 2 linear , lw 4 . 00 , with tuft of six long posterodistal setae ; carpal lobe slender , reaching 0 . 32 along propodus , distal margin expanded and subtruncate , lateral margin serrate , anterior margin oblique , with 15 rows of 6 - 15 medial setae ; propodus , palm oblique , lw 4 . 25 with three major and two minor projections and two major and two minor concavities , primary mediofacial setal row extending 0 . 76 of propodus , secondary setal row extending along posterior margin , thicker proximally ; dactyl smooth , gently curved , reaching 0 . 70 of propodus .
pereopods 3 - 4 . pereopod 3 , coxa elongate ventrally , lw 1 . 47 ; basis elongate , anterodistal margin slightly produced , posterior margin with 6 submarginal setae , lw measured at midpoint 6 . 61 ; pereopod 4 , coxa distal margin rounded , ventral and posterior margins slightly excavate , posterior margin serrate with 9 small submarginal setae , lw 1 . 13 .
pereopods 5 - 7 . coxae of 5 - 6 bilobed ; coxa 7 small , ventrally convex ; pereopods 5 - 7 bases moderately expanded , lw 1 . 42 : 1 . 20 : 1 . 09 , posterior margin 5 - 6 smooth , 7 serrate ; pereopods 5 - 7 article four with extended posteroventral lobe reaching 0 . 92 : 0 . 75 : 0 . 66 of article 4 .
epimera 1 - 3 . ventral setae 8 : 4 : 3 , posterior margins round .
uropods 1 - 3 . relative uropod lengths , 1 . 00 : 0 . 75 : 0 . 77 ; relative lengths of peduncles 1 - 3 , 1 . 00 : 0 . 84 : 0 . 85 ; uropod 1 , peduncle 1 . 07 rami length , with 11 medial and 4 lateral setae ; outer ramus subequal to inner ramus , with 12 lateral and 0 medial setae , margins minutely crenulate ; inner ramus with 4 medial and 5 lateral setae , margins of rami minutely crenulate ; uropod 2 peduncle 0 . 81 rami , with 0 medial and 2 lateral setae ; outer ramus 1 . 30 inner ramus , with 0 medial and 4 lateral marginal setae ; outer ramus with 2 medial and 4 lateral marginal setae ; margins of rami minutely crenulate ; uropod 3 , peduncle 0 . 93 rami , with 1 lateral apical and 5 medial setae ; outer ramus 1 . 34 inner ramus ; with 2 medial and 3 lateral marginal setae ; outer ramus with 0 medial and 4 lateral marginal setae , margins of rami minutely crenulate .
telson . lw 1 . 95 , apical margin minutely tridentate , with 2 apical and two pairs of 2 facial setae .
, 7 . 35 mm . similar to males except for gnathopods 1 and 2 . gnathopod 1 , carpus and propodus not greatly inflated , propodus slightly swollen distally . gnathopod 2 , palm of propodus lacking distinct tuberculation and concavities found in males .
coral reef s , coral rubble , found primarily in branchial baskets of solitary tunicates such as herdmania and polycarpa sp . , rarely in bivalve mollusks ( winged pearl oyster pteria penguin ) , and branched yellow rope sponges callyspongia ( species undetermined ) .
indonesia : celebes sea , sulawesi , kri island , halmera sea , raja ampat islands . philippines : cape verde passage , mabini tingloy . hawaiian islands ( invasive ) : ohau to molokai , 2–20m .
the author wishes to thank dr . bert w . hoeksema ( naturalis biodiversity center ) and mrs . yosephine tuti ( rco - lipi ) who jointly organized the raja ampat ( 2007 ) expedition . the indonesian institute of sciences ( lipi ) granted the research permit . the research was accommodated by papua diving at kri island , raja ampat . additional funding was provided to the author by a temminck fellowship from naturalis biodiversity center , leiden , the netherlands , and by the reef foundation , inc . , usa . the author also wishes to thank ken longenecker and steve coles of the bishop museum , hawaii , for first calling his attention to the presence of this species in hawaiian waters and making museum collections available for study .
the author also thanks terry gosliner from the california academy of sciences for field support in the philippines . additionally , the author wishes to recognize the philippines department of agriculture bureau of fisheries and aquatic resources ( da - bfar ) , and the philippines national fisheries research and development institute ( nfdri ) for their regulatory and administrative support for the verde island passage ( vip ) project . this research was also supported by a grant from national science foundation deb 12576304 peet grant to terrence gosliner , richard mooi , luis rocha and gary williams to inventory the biodiversity of the verde island passage .
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“i named the species in honor of sir elton john because i have listened to his music in my lab during my entire scientific career , ” explained dr james thomas from the halmos college of natural sciences and oceanography , florida , author of a paper in the journal zookeys .
“so , when this unusual crustacean with a greatly enlarged appendage appeared under my microscope after a day of collecting , an image of the shoes elton john wore as the pinball wizard came to mind . ”
“the species is found primarily in branchial baskets of solitary tunicates such as herdmania and polycarpa sp . , rarely in bivalve mollusks ( winged pearl oyster pteria penguin ) , and branched yellow rope sponges callyspongia ( species undetermined ) . ”