the black-hooded oriole ( oriolus xanthornus ) is a member of the oriole family of passerine birds and is a resident breeder in tropical southern asia from india and sri lanka east to indonesia .

it is a bird of open woodland and cultivation .

the nest is built in a tree , and contains two eggs .

its food is insects and fruit , especially figs , found in the tree canopies where they spend much of their time .

black - hooded oriole

this is a rather unusual sound being made by a black - hooded oriole .
hooded oriole nest in giant bird of paradise plant - mt . washington los angeles ca
several oriolids , among them the eurasian golden oriole , the eastern black - headed oriole and the australasian figbird , . . .
english : black - headed oriole , african black - headed oriole ; french : loriot à tête noire oriental ; german : maskenpirol ; spanish : oropéndola de cabeza negra africana .
had a black hood . bright yellow with black on wings and tail . it was a male .
black - hooded oriole ( oriolus xanthornus , पिलक ) at my village nargi jagdish , bihar , india . i am back after holidays with beautiful videos , will upload in coming weeks .
for your reference , the stamp is approx . 2 1 / 8 inches wide and 3 7 / 8 inches tall . this is the large version of the black - hooded oriole in
english : golden oriole , oriole ; french : loriot d ' europe ; german : pirol ; spanish : oropéndola europea .
english : black - and - crimson oriole ; french : loriot ensanglanté ; german : rotbrustpirol ; spanish : oropéndola de pecho rojo .
english : green oriole , white - bellied oriole ; french : loriot sagittal ; german : streifenpirol ; spanish : oropéndola de lomo olivo .
group of 4 to 5 black - hooded orioles visited mango tree situated behind campsite . they are all very vocal . they are disappear in trees but we heard their call whole day .
this slim oriole has a fondness for palms . polytypic . length 8
.
one ( 1 ) package of black - hooded oriole - large clear stamp . there is one ( 1 ) piece of clear stamp in the package . this stamp set is in a backing sheet and packaged in a 3
by 5
resealable hang hole cello bag .
the male is similar in pattern to the altamira oriole , but is slimmer , has a much slimmer bill , and shows a black shoulder and white upper wing bar .
as already discussed , a plausible explanation for the origin of the name “oriole” is that it is onomatopoeic ( see morphological aspects ) . although this derivation is associated with the eurasian golden oriole . . .
23–25 cm ; 46–79 g . male nominate race has head , neck and upper chest glossy black , rest of body and upperwing - coverts bright golden - yellow ; rest of wing black , . . .
description : like others in the genus , it has a broad black ventral line and has no crest . this tit is part of a confusing group of species but is distinct in having a grey - back , black hood , white cheek patch and a white wing - bar . the underparts are white with the black central stripe running along the length . the female has a narrower ventral line and is slightly duller . the upper tail coverts are ashy while the tail is black with the central 4 pairs of feathers ashy on the outer webs and all but the central pair are tipped white . the fifth pair is white with a black rachis and a band of black on the inner web . the outermost pair of tail feathers are all white with a black shaft . the undertail coverts are black towards the centre but white on the sides .
medium - sized , robust passerines with relatively strong bill ; many species very colourful in yellow to golden and black .
the orioles are a mainly tropical group , although one species , the eurasian golden oriole , breeds in temperate regions .
8 . 3–9 . 5 in ( 21–24 cm ) ; 2–2 . 8 oz ( 55–80 gm ) , both sexes . an all - golden oriole with black wings , tail , and stripe through eye ; female duller and greenish - backed .
long , strongly graduated tail . thin , noticeably downcurved bill , blue - gray on the basal half lower mandible . adult male : a crisp black bib , face , and back contrasting with the orange or yellow - orange lower back and rump . black wings , with black shoulders , 2 white wing bars , crisp white fringes on flight feathers . tail black . adult female : olive above ; yellowish or dull orange below , with dusky wash on flanks and belly . two dull wing bars per wing , white fringes on flight feathers . immature male : like female , but by spring shows a neat black bib and lores .
walther , b . & jones , p . ( 2018 ) . black - hooded oriole ( oriolus xanthornus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
8–8 . 5 in ( 20–21 . 5 cm ) ; 2 . 2–2 . 5 oz ( 60–70 gm ) . sexes similar . a black - headed oriole with citrine back , golden ventrum , and gray - green wings and tail ; only immatures duller and streaked ventrally .
oriolidae comprises three species of figbirds ( sphecotheres ) and 26 - 27 of orioles ( oriolus ) . the three figbirds replace one another geographically in different parts of tropical indo - australasia east of wallace ' s line . the orioles comprise four , perhaps five , species - groups : golden - headed orioles , a widespread migratory group of four species in west and east eurasia , india , and central africa ; a black - headed group of seven resident species in africa , and the black - hooded oriole ( o . xanthornus ) in east asia ; the four sedentary dusky orioles of southeast asia and adjacent archipelagos ; and the streaked , juvenal - plumaged australasian orioles , with seven species . the three or four remaining oriole species , all southeast asian , are of uncertain affinity .
spectacular yellows and blacks are the badge of oriole plumage ; vermillion eyes , brick - red bills , and slate - gray feet complete the picture . only figbirds and dusky asian orioles have black or slate - colored bills , sometimes pale eyes , and flesh - colored or black feet . male orioles are invariably more brightly plumaged that females ; juveniles have brown - olive backs with dull bills , eyes , and feet , and are white ventrally with dusky streaks . in the golden - headed group , adult males are almost wholly golden - yellow except for black wings , center tail , and a black mark through the eye , while females are plumaged like dull males or bright juveniles . in black - headed orioles , both males and females have yellow bodies , often gray wings , and black or dark olive heads ; in the dusky group , males have dusky or silver bodies with splashes of deep red on the undersurface and tail , and females are browner and sometimes streaked on the belly . in the indo - australian streaked group ,
in the western ghats the interdependency involves the entire forest . my observations : the key role is played by the brown cheeked fulvetta , the dusky stripped squirrel , black hooded oriole , malabar giant squirrel , greater racket tailed drongo and the white bellied tree pie . the brown cheeked fulvetta is one of the most conscious birds in the forest . it makes an alarm call for predators . the dusky striped squirrel on the other hand is a very small vulnerable mammal ; to avoid being spotted it hides in bushes .
8 . 5–9 in ( 21 . 5–23 cm ) ; no weights available . a dusky , gray - billed oriole with crimson or chestnut lower breast and belly and mark in wing .
oriolus oriolus linnaeus , 1758 ,
in europe , asia
= sweden . two subspecies , one in europe to west asia and the other in central asia , differing in size , proportions , and black stripe through eye .
among the oriolidae , only two species are long - distance migrants , the entire populations of which move seasonally . the eurasian golden oriole migrates between breeding grounds in the palearctic region and non - breeding areas in the . . .
sexes alike . golden - yellow plumage ; black head diagnostic ; black and yellow wings and tail ; deep pink - red beak seen at close quarters . pairs or small parties ; strictly arboreal , only rarely descending into lower bushes or to ground ; active and lively ; moves a lot in forest and birds chase one another , the rich colours striking against green or brown of forest ; very vocal ; associates with other birds in mixed parties ; visits fruiting and flowering trees .
call : a whistled wheet and a short chatter . also a chut , usually by juveniles , similar to call of the orchard oriole . song : a quick and abrupt series of springy , nasal , or whiny notes , lacking the sweet whistled sounds of other orioles .
the genus oriolus was erected by linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of his systema naturae . [ 1 ] the type species is the golden oriole ( oriolus oriolus ) . [ 2 ] in 1760 the french ornithologist mathurin jacques brisson in his ornithologie used oriolus as a subdivision of the genus turdus , [ 3 ] but the international commission on zoological nomenclature ruled in 1955 that
oriolus brisson , 1760
should be suppressed . [ 4 ] linnaeus added more than a dozen additional genera when he updated his 10th edition but he generally based new genera on those that had been introduced by brisson in his ornithologie . oriolus is now the only genus for which linnaeus ' s 12th edition is cited as the original publication . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] the name
oriole
was first used in the 18th century and is an adaptation of the scientific latin genus name , previously a species name for eurasian golden oriole , which is derived from the classical latin
aureolus
meaning golden . various forms of
oriole
have existed in romance languages since the 12th and 13th centuries . [ 7 ]
breeding seasons are determined by seasonal climatic patterns , with some tropical species breeding throughout the year . while knowledge of the breeding behaviour of many oriole species is only rudimentary or non - existent , what we do know reveals an astonishing uniformity within the family , as . . .
five subspecies in 2 groups : the cucullatus group east of big bend , texas , is more orange , with a shorter bill and more black on forehead ; the nelsoni group , found in new mexico and west , shows yellow - orange , with a longer , more downcurved bill .
10–11 . 5 in ( 25–29 cm ) ; 4–4 . 5 oz ( 110–130 gm ) , both sexes . a stout , shortish - tailed figbird ; upperparts olive - green , except black on head , primaries , and tail . throat is gray with buff - red bare eye skin .
despite their color , orioles and figbirds have made little impression on human society . the eurasian golden oriole ( o . oriolus ) is a harbinger of impending summer in europe and has sometimes been brought into captivity there , as have other species in africa and southeast asia . no serious attempts have been made at introduction or acclimatization .
the sample size was 122 isolated ficus trees in a human - modified landscape in assam , india . trend lines are linear regressions for both observed fdis ( grey line ; r 2 = 0 . 16 ) and expected fdis ( black line ; r 2 = 0 . 99 ) . expected fdis scores are the mean of 10 , 000 iterations of a quasi - swap null model , where row and column totals were held constant .
both sexes are dull brown or olive - yellow with varied ventral streaking , as in juveniles . adult plumage is gained at one to three years of age . male figbirds have black crowns and bills , olive backs , and yellow , white , olive , or gray breasts , while females and juveniles are plumaged like juvenile orioles . apart from bulk and a broad head , the only other outward difference in figbirds is a patch of bare skin around the eye , which is enlarged and warty in males , and reddens with pumped blood in excitement , indicating a signal function .
monogamous , and resident throughout its range , audubon ' s oriole typically begins breeding with the onset of the rainy season in april . anecdotal evidence suggests that some pairs may attempt a second brood , as breeding continues through july and even into september , at least in some localities . many authors have commented on the fact that pairs are seen together more constantly than is typical for many avian species and that these pairs remain in seemingly constant vocal contact with each other . this is particularly true in the breeding season ; although pairs are often seen together during the winter , they also forage in mixed - species flocks at this time .
in keeping with its apparent penchant for secrecy , audubon ' s orioles commonly sing from inconspicuous perches . described as a slow , mellow , humanlike whistle , the song consists of a series of almost pure tones ; compared to the familiar song of the baltimore oriole , typical audubon ' s songs are longer , but less complex ( in terms of number and arrangement of specific notes ) . they also show less frequency modulation and cover a narrower range of frequencies . both males and females sing , and their songs appear to be equal in frequency and complexity ; members of a pair sing or call regularly to each other as they forage or come and go from the nest .
the direction of influence of the environmental parameters is indicated by the solid black lines , and annotations are : ts = tree size , fs = fruit size , l = land - use intensity , d = distance from nearest primary forest . species names are colour coded according to classifications of habitat preference drawn from the literature . common names are provided in s1 fig . some species names are abbreviated to aid interpretation . they are : alofla = alophoixus flaveolus , pycjoc = pycnonotus jocosus , bucbic = buceros bicornis , megaus = megalaima australis , stumal = sturnia malabarica , gracon = gracupica contra , meghae = megalaima haemacephala , pyccar = pycnonotus cafer , trepho = treron phoenicoptera , corlev = corvus levaillantii , a = acridotheres tristis , m = megalaima asiatica , meglin = megalaima lineata , acrgra = acridotheres grandis .
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del hoyo , j . , collar , n . j . , christie , d . a . , elliott , a . , fishpool , l . d . c . , boesman , p . and kirwan , g . m . 2016 . hbw and birdlife international illustrated checklist of the birds of the world . volume 2 : passerines . lynx edicions and birdlife international , barcelona , spain and cambridge , uk .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but the species is described as common ( grimmett et al . 1998 ) .
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the ioc world bird list is an open access resource of the international community of ornithologists . our goal is to facilitate worldwide communication in ornithology and conservation based on an up - to - date classification of world birds and a set of english names that follows explicit guidelines for spelling and construction ( gill & wright 2006 ) .
the ioc editorial team and advisors update the web - based list quarterly . the updates include changes of recommended names or classification , additions of newly described species , corrections of nomenclature , and updates of species taxonomy .
the ioc world bird list complements other primary world bird lists that differ slightly in their primary goals and taxonomic philosophy , i . e . the clements checklist of the birds of the world , the howard & moore complete checklist of the birds of the world , 4 th edition , and hbw alive / bird life international . improved alignment of these independent taxonomic works is a goal of the newly structured international ornithologists union , including a round table discussion at the 2018 meeting in vancouver , british columbia .
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this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . the population trend is not known , but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : oriolus xanthornus . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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bna account authors : flood , nancy j . , james d . rising , and timothy brush
perhaps the least known of the orioles that regularly breed in north america , this species has a well - deserved reputation for being secretive . although often drawn to edges , like other orioles , it more commonly forages and breeds in dense vegetation , making it difficult to locate and study . its well - concealed nest is cup - shaped , resembling those of orchard ( i . spurius ) or scott ' s ( i . parisorum ) orioles more than the familiar¿and much easier to find¿pendant nests of the baltimore ( i . galbula ) , bullock ' s ( i . bullockii ) , and altamira ( i . gularis ) orioles .
partly as a result of these features , few data have been collected on the species , and its precise distribution and abundance remain poorly known . it is found in diverse forested and brushland habitats over a wide elevational range , showing perhaps broader habitat preferences than most of its congeners . many of these habitats , however , have been cleared for agriculture , forestry , or urban development . this , in addition to heavy parasitism by the bronzed cowbird ( molothrus aeneus ) , has caused the species ' numbers to decline in recent decades , at least in texas , the only u . s . state in which it is resident . it is currently on the national audubon society ' s watchlist , partly because of our lack of knowledge about its population status .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
orioles are colourful old world passerine birds in the genus oriolus , the namesake of the corvoidean family oriolidae . they are not related to the new world orioles , which are icterids ( family icteridae ) and belong to the superfamily passeroidea .
( in latin ) . volume 1 , part 1 ( 12th ed . ) . holmiae ( stockholm ) : laurentii salvii . p . 160 .
. volume 15 . cambridge , massachusetts : museum of comparative zoology . p . 122 .
( in french and latin ) . volume 2 . paris : jean - baptiste bauche . p . 320 .
loriot ( s ) d ' europe debut juillet a 788 m d ' altitude a saint - vallier - de - thiey ( 06 ) .
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cinereous tit ( parus cinereus ) capital development authority ( cda ) park street 59 , sector f7 / 4 , islamabad , pakistan , 14 / 12 / 2007 . © kauser bhuiyan . all rights reserved .
the cinereous tit ( parus cinereus ) is a species of bird in the tit family paridae . this species is made up of several populations that were earlier treated as subspecies of the great tit ( parus major ) . these birds are grey backed with white undersides . the great tit in the new sense is distinguishable by the greenish - back and yellowish underside . this distribution of this species extends from parts of west asia across south asia and into southeast asia .
taxonomy and systematics : several of the subspecies formerly placed within parus major are now placed in this species ( all of which have a grey rather than greenish back as adults , although young birds show some green on the back and yellowish on the underside ) . these geographically separated populations show differences mainly in the shade of grey , the extent of white on the tail feathers and in size , although the variation in size is mainly clinal .
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korean ambassador to bangladesh mr . lee yun - young has said bangladesh should come out from protectionism and open up its market [ … ]
thumbnail description orioles and figbirds are tree - living song - birds commonly patterned in brilliant yellows and blacks , and streaked ventrally in juveniles and some adults .
among songbirds , orioles and figbirds are so typical in appearance and behavior that their origins and relationships have excited little interest . but molecular evidence shows that they are closely allied to old world cuckoo - shrikes ( campephagidae ) and other crow - like songbirds , not starlings ( sturnidae ) as traditionally held . like cuckoo - shrikes , orioles and figbirds are outlying members of a massive evolutionary explosion in crow - like songbirds that originated in australia in early - to mid - teriary times , more than 30 million years ago , and then spread north and west through the tropical and temperate old world . whether today ' s orioles and figbirds actually arose in australasia , or diversified outside to re - enter australia later within the last few million years , is still in dispute .
orioles and figbirds are thrush - like in shape and size , with wings that are long yet rounded , and a square - tipped , 12 - feathered tail . the tenth primary flight feather is well developed , while the number of secondary feathers is usually 11 in orioles and only 10 in figbirds . bills are straight , stout , and notched at the tip of the upper mandible , fitted for grasping and pulling at food ; bristles flanking the bill are vestigial and nostrils are narrow slits partially protected by a membrane . adapted for perching , feet are stout , and the tarsus ( leg ) coarsely scaled and shorter than the longest toe .
living almost exclusively in the crowns of trees , orioles and figbirds are found in rather open broadleaf forests and woodlands in temperate regions , but also in rainforests in the tropics . most migratory species forage through a range of forest and woodland types , while sedentary species occupy narrower niches . densities when breeding range from about two to 10 pairs per 0 . 6 sq mi ( 1 sq km ) , depending on habitat productivity and connectivity .
orioles eat small , soft fruit and insects opportunistically , whereas figbirds are more strictly frugivorus . by quartering
tracts of forest in groups , figbirds converge on trees and work them over for the last ripe fruit ; small fruits are swallowed whole . often more territorial in their foraging , orioles take the same range of small fruits , but include hairy caterpillars and many other insects in their diet . they beat the larger insects vigorously against a perch to clean and soften them . it has been claimed that , for their protection when feeding and breeding , the streaked indo - australasian orioles have come to mimic other more aggressive birds in their appearance . yet such mimicry may exist only in the eye of the human beholder , given that birds see color in a different way than humans .
sphecotheres vieilloti vigors & horsfield , 1827 , keppel bay , queensland , australia . four subspecies : two ( flaviventris , ashbyi ) with yellow - ventrumed males in northern australia and the kai islands , differing in tone of back ; one ( salvadorii ) with gray - , yellow - , and white - ventrumed males in southeast new guinea , and one ( vieilloti ) with gray - and olive - ventrumed males in central east australia . taxonomy controversial .
english : green figbird , southern figbird ; french : sphécothère de vieillot . german : feigenpirol ; spanish : papahigos verde .
coastal northern and eastern australia ( kimberley division to illawarra district ) , southeast new guinea , and kai islands ( banda sea ) .
communal , in noisy , loose , locally nomadic flocks of up to 30–50 in tree canopy ; often perches high on bare branches and power lines to group and call : loud , single - or double - note whistles .
feeds in tree crowns primarily on small , soft fruit such as figs and native cherries ; ink weed and tobacco bush are staple diet ; bananas , guavas , and mulberries are occasionally taken in orchards .
monogamous in small groups , holding small territories during later austral spring and summer ( october–february ) . nests are shallow , flimsy , and saucer - like , built of plant fiber and tendrils . eggs usually three . both parents share all nesting duties , and additional birds may help feed the young .
no populations are under threat anywhere , having adapted to habitats subject to disturbance and regeneration .
english : green figbird ; french : sphécothère figuier ; german : feigenpirol ; spanish : papahigos de timor .
8 . 7–9 . 5 in ( 22–24 cm ) ; 2 . 4–2 . 8 oz ( 75–80 gm ) , both sexes . a small , slender figbird ; males are plain olive ventrally , with gray throat , undertail , and feet . dark head with rough bare eyeskin colored deep buff but changing to red when excited . throat to vent greenish yellow .
primary and secondary vine and gallery forest , forest edge , woodland , and mangroves .
solitary to communal , feeding locally through tree crowns in small loose flocks . calls from exposed position in tree tops : muted , burred , metallic whistled trills .
little recorded ; observed feeding on small , soft fruit in trees , including figs .
coracias sagittata latham , 1802 ,
nova wallia australi
= central coast , new south wales , australia .
10 . 2–11 in ( 26–28 cm ) ; 3 . 5–3 . 8 oz ( 90–105 gm ) , both sexes . plain olive upperparts ; wings and tail dark gray with white edging . whitish underparts with dark steaks . eyes red .
coastal and subcoastal northern and eastern australia up to about 500 mi ( 800 km ) inland , between kimberley division and victoria , also dry south new guinea .
open eucalypt forest and tall woodland ; also paperbark ( melaleuca ) woodland in north australia and new guinea .
solitary in forest / woodland canopy , pairing only to breed . gives low carrying glottal warble from set perches throughout year , and incessantly , with mimicry , when breeding . widely nomadic after breeding .
forages opportunistically on small soft fruits in trees and tall shrubs and on insects such as leaf beetles , mantids , ants , and caterpillars ; mostly captures prey while quietly hopping and gleaning upper and outer branches of trees .
monogamous ; female builds nest ( about 14 days ) and incubates ( 17–18 days ) , but both sexes feed young , fledging them in 15–27 days .
leptopteryx cruenta wagler , 1827 , java . four subspecies , one each in four regions of accurrence .
greater sunda land : malay peninsula , sumatra , java , and north borneo .
closed , primarily high montane rainforests above 3 , 300 ft ( 1 , 000 m ) .
retiring and sedentary , working locally through the inner forest canopy and forest midstage singly or in pairs , although foraging out into cloud forest at high altitudes . song is a short , mewing , nasal warble of about four syllables , repeated at intervals .
little known , though hops about actively when foraging and often descends to logs in forest substage . eats small soft fruits such as figs and berries , and takes a wide range of insects including termites , diverse larvae , and particularly caterpillars , both hairless and haired .
none of the four mountain island populations appear to be under threat at present , although accelerating habitat destruction could impact them in the future .
oriolus larvatus lichtenstein , 1823 ,
terr . caffror
= cape province , south africa . five or six regional subspecies differing in size and tone of golden plumage .
central and southeastern africa , north to sudan and southwest ethiopia , south to cape province , and west through much of angola locally to west coast .
acacia and broad - leaved woodlands , especially in galleries along streams ; also thorn scrub , forest edge , tree plantations , and gardens .
solitary and rather sedentary , in pairs or small family groups only when breeding or at food concentrations . calls in considerable variety from tree perches throughout year , mimicking and giving both fluted glottal warbles and figbird - like whistles .
forages mainly in tree crowns , hopping and fluttering , for fruits and caterpillars . food comprises both small , soft native fruits such as figs , grapes , and mulberries , and insects , particularly large haired and hairless caterpillars , all taken opportunistically .
monogamous and territorial , pairs holding territories of 12–120 acres ( 5–50 ha ) . breeds erratically year - round in tropics , but limited to spring and summer in temperate southern latitudes . female builds nest and broods , and male holds territory and assists in rearing young . nests slung in a three - way fork in horizontal branches at 15–50 ft ( 5–15 m ) above the ground . eggs in clutches of one to two in tropics and two to three in temperate zone , hatch in 14–15 days ; young fledge in another 15–18 .
europe and far northwest africa east to asia minor , the caspian sea , western siberia , and , in winter , sub - saharan africa ; central asia , from western siberia south in winter to afghanistan and himalayas , peninsular india , and north sri lanka .
woodlands and open forests of primarily broadleaf and deciduous mature trees , including parkland .
solitary and retiring , keeping within the upper stages of large trees . song , given year - round by both sexes but more by males during breeding , is a loud , liquid , warbled whistle of three or four syllables , repeated ; a grating , drawn - out squalling given in agitation , as well as a range of warbled sub - songs .
forages by picking mainly in foliage of tree crowns , but also occasionally by hovering and perch - pouncing near to ground . diet includes both a range of insects , including hairy caterpillars , and a range of small fruits , as well as some seeds , buds , small reptiles , nestling birds , and eggs .
monogamous , single - brooded , and territorial , males holding dispersed territories . nest , a shallow cup of plant fiber and stems slung from a thin horizontal fork in high foliage , is built in 6–12 days by female , with initial assistance from male . eggs , three to four per clutch , are creamy or pink - white with scattered dark brown and blackish spots . incubated by female with assistance from male , they hatch in 15–18 days . young , fed by both parents and infrequent trios , fledge in 16–20 days .
neither subspecies appears to be under threat at present , though status of central asian race unclear . for western subspecies , declines in central and eastern europe over past 50 years partly offset by increases in western europe .
a noted harbinger of spring and summer in northern europe , both for its golden plumage and fluted song . occasionally brought into aviculture in europe as well .
cramp , s . , and c . m . perrins , eds .
flycatchers to shrikes .
the birds of the western palearctic , vol . vii . oxford : oxford university press , 1993 .
du pont , j . e . philippine birds . monograph series no . 2 . delaware : delaware museum of natural history , 1971 .
fry , c . h . , s . keith , and e . k . urban , eds . the birds of africa . vol . vi . new york : academic press , 2000 .
greenway , j . c .
oriolidae .
check - list of birds of the world . vol . 15 . cambridge , mass . : museum of comparative zoology , 1962 .
mackinnon , j . , and k . phillipps . a field guide to the birds of borneo , sumatra , java , and bali . oxford : oxford university press , 1993 .
schodde , r . , and s . c . tidemann , eds . reader ' s digest complete book of australian birds . 2nd edition . sydney : reader ' s digest services , 1986 .
schodde , r . , and i . j . mason . the directory of australian birds passerines . melbourne : csiro publishing , 1999 .
sibley , c . g . , and j . e . ahlquist . phylogeny and classification of birds . new haven : yale university press , 1990 .
sibley , c . g . , and b . l . monroe , jr . distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world . new haven : yale university press , 1990 .
smythies , b . e . the birds of borneo . 3rd edition . kota kinabalu and kuala lumpur , malaysia : the sabah society and the sabah nature society , 1981 .
unep world conservation monitoring centre . threatened animals of the world . < urltoken > . january 2002 .
diamond , j . m .
mimicry of friarbirds by orioles .
auk 99 ( 1982 ) : 187 - 196 .
australian national wildlife collection . gpo box 284 , canberra , act 2601 australia . phone : + 61 2 6242 1600 . fax : + 61 - 2 - 6242 - 1688 .
old world orioles and figbirds ( oriolidae ) .
grzimek ' s animal life encyclopedia . . encyclopedia . com . ( july 9 , 2018 ) . urltoken
old world orioles and figbirds ( oriolidae ) .
grzimek ' s animal life encyclopedia . . retrieved july 09 , 2018 from urltoken urltoken
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the orioles and figbirds form a small and well - defined family of highly arboreal , medium - sized birds inhabiting woodlands , forests and parklands of the warmer parts of the old world , mainly in africa and tropical southern asia eastwards through wallacea and new guinea to australia . different . . .
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orioles and figbirds are medium - sized , robust passerines 20–30 cm in length . the sexes are of similar size , although the female is usually slightly smaller than the male . orioles have a slightly decurved and finely hooked bill which is about equal in length to the head . it varies , however , . . .
orioles are primarily canopy feeders ( see general habits ) . almost all members of the family have been recorded in primary forest habitats of various kinds : dry , closed - canopy african woodlands , evergreen and semi - evergreen broadleaf forests , including monsoon forest , damp highland and moss . . .
orioles are highly arboreal , generally foraging secretively alone or in pairs . despite the conspicuous plumage of most of the species , orioles are usually hard to see against a leafy forest background dappled . . .
orioles are omnivorous and almost exclusively arboreal , foraging mainly high in trees . they feed chiefly on berries , fruits and invertebrates , with some other foods taken opportunistically . the latter include , . . .
of the 30 species of oriolidae currently recognized , three are globally threatened and a further three are listed as near - threatened . this total of six species amounts to 20 % of the family , the same as the global average for all avian families . top of the list is the critically endangered . . .
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list of species of the old world orioles ( oriolidae ) family . each species provides information on taxonomy , descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation and bibliography .
a detailed list of the species of the family is displayed to our subscribers , showing the following columns : genus , species , common name , conservation status , figure , and the check mark . above the table , a tiny search engine is displayed to facilitate the filtering of the species .
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walther , b . , jones , p . & bonan , a . ( 2018 ) . old world orioles ( oriolidae ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
nomenclature of races in indian subcontinent somewhat tentative because of uncertainty over precise location of type locality . race reubeni formerly listed as andamanensis , but latter name preoccupied ; perhaps better merged with ceylonensis . proposed race thaiacous ( koh - lak , in sw thailand ) included in nominate . five subspecies currently recognized .
( linnaeus , 1758 ) – n india ( himalayan foothills ) and s nepal e to myanmar and s china ( s yunnan ) , s to n & s thailand , n peninsular malaysia ( langkawi i ) and indochina ( except n vietnam ) ; in winter s malay peninsula and n sumatra .
nagamichi kuroda , 1925 – ne borneo ( se sabah and adjoining kalimantan ) and adjacent islands .
song of liquid fluty whistles , very varied and differing among races , “tu - u - u - liu” , . . .
dry dipterocarp forest and mixed deciduous moist woodlands , open semi - evergreen and evergreen . . .
breeding throughout year , with local variations ; two or more broods per season . possible courtship displays include frequent aerial chases . . .
generally resident , but some local movements reported in india and nepal , e . g . upward migration in . . .
not globally threatened . common in parts of its range , which covers c . 1 , 000 , 000–10 , 000 , 000 km² . occurs in various protected areas through most of range , and . . .
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besides being a regular resident breeder in my place of residence ( lucknow ) , it is reported regularly from the himalayan foothill regions which is not covered in your map . ( note of caution - lack of reporting from wide swathes do not mean it is not there since ebird coverage is patchy )
your note says that the nominate species oriolus xanthornus xanthornus is seen in himalayan foothills and the maderaspatanus is seen in gangetic plain is wrong . the calls from the gangetic plains are of the nominate xanthornus subspecies .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
breeding : open areas with scattered trees , riparian areas , and suburban and park settings . migration : arrives during march , departs in august . winter : mainly in mexico . vagrant : casual to british columbia and washington , annual in oregon ; accidental in ontario and southern yukon .
the species is expanding north in california , but populations have decreased in southern texas .
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zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource , 2011 . 01 . 25 , website ( version 25 - jan - 11 )
zoonomen - zoological nomenclature resource
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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people living in india need to visit this forest atleast once , not to spot tigers or leopards only but to admire the beauty of the forest . rudyard kipling wrote the ' the jungle book ' keeping this forest in mind and i have no doubt on how he could have produced such a beautiful story . i visited this place between 1st oct and 2nd oct , i . . .


ethmia trifida is a moth in the depressariidae family .

it was described by kun in 2004 .

it is found in burma , thailand , the philippines and on borneo and sumatra .

the wingspan is 40 – 45 mm .

the forewings have seven spots at the basal part and five apical spots .

there are three long black striae parallel with the costa and there is one spot at the middle of the wing .

the hindwings are black , but yellow at the base .

ethmia trifida

ethmia trifida kun , 2004 ; acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 340 ; tl : malaysia , pahang , cameron highlands , tanah rata
ethmia tyranthes meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 459
ethmia clytodoxa turner , 1917 ; proc . r . soc . qd 29 : 89
ethmia falkovitshi ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 127
ethmia vidua flavilaterella ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 140
ethmia atriflorella viette , 1958 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 83 : 57
ethmia oberthurella viette , 1958 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 83 : 58
ethmia saalmullerella viette , 1958 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 83 : 54
ethmia shensicola amsel , 1969 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 28 : 75
ethmia palawana schultze , 1925 ; philippine j . sci . 28 : 574 ; tl : palawan
ethmia befasiella viette , 1958 ; rev . franc . ent . 25 ( 2 ) : 122
ethmia decui capuse , 1981 ; res . exp . biosp . cubano roum cuba 3 : 132
ethmia melanocrates meyrick , 1923 ; bull . mus . hist . nat . paris 29 : 565
ethmia paneliusella viette , 1958 ; commentat . biol . 17 : 5 ; tl : cap verde islands
ethmia lecmima sattler , 1967 ; [ mp2 ] , 60 ; tl : e . afghanistan , sarobi
i have just assumed that the ethmia funerella funerella in [ mp2 ] is simply replaced by ethmia quadrillella quadrillella , and that all other ssp ' s are not affectedother than by name . - - msa
ethmia candidella delicatella de lattin , 1963 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 22 : 53
ethmia pagiopa meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 6 ) : 189 ; tl : kashmir
ethmia octanoma meyrick , 1914 ; suppl . ent . 3 : 55 ; tl : formosa , kosempo
ethmia clarissa busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 56 ; tl : cuba
ethmia submissa busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 57 ; tl : cuba
ethmia sporadica turner , 1942 ; proc . r . soc . qd 53 ( 4 ) : 94
ethmia pseustis turner , 1942 ; proc . r . soc . qd 53 ( 4 ) : 94
ethmia austronamibiensis mey , 2011 ; esperiana mem . 6 : 190 , pl . 31 , f . 2
ethmia bradleyi viette , 1952 ; mém . inst . sci . madag . ( e ) 1 : 162
ethmia iphicrates meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 15 ) : 473 ; tl : kenia colony
ethmia kabulica amsel , 1969 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 28 ( 2 ) : 119
ethmia namella mey , 2011 ; esperiana mem . 6 : 189 , pl . 31 , f . 1
ethmia vulcanica kun , 2004 ; esperiana mem . 1 : 104 , pl . 7 , f . 8
new moths of the genus ethmia hb . ( lepidoptera , ethmiidae ) from the ussr [ in russian ]
ethmia zygospila meyrick , 1934 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 15 ) : 459 ; tl : formosa , alikang
ethmia mansita busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 55 ; tl : tehuacan , mexico
ethmia sibirica zagulajev , 1975 ; nasekomye mongol . 3 : 347 ; tl : buryatiya , tunkinskie belki , 2000m
= ethmia abraxasella abraxasella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 217 ( list )
ethmia hiramella busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 56 ; tl : santiago , cuba
ethmia gigantea busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 54 ; tl : zacualpan , mexico
ethmia similatella busck , 1920 ; insec . inscit . mentr . 8 : 84 ; tl : cayuga , guatemala
ethmia linda busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 55 ; tl : caracas , venezuela
ethmia andranella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 244
ethmia baronella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 240
ethmia elimatella ; [ nhm card ] ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 144
ethmia linosella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 239
ethmia novoryella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 242
ethmia soljanikovi danilevski & zagulajev , 1975 ; nasekomye mongol . 3 : 343 ; tl : mongolia , dzabhansky aimak
ethmia sotsaella viette , 1976 ; bull . mens . soc . linn . lyon 45 ( 7 ) : 243
ethmia thoraea meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 461 ; tl : queensland
ethmia crocosoma meyrick , 1914 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 6 ) : 173 ; tl : sikkim , darjeeling
ethmia phoenicura meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 346 ; tl : mexico , lower california
ethmia longimaculella longimaculella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 177 , 218 ( list )
ethmia elimatella danilevski , 1975 ; ent . obozr . 54 ( 3 ) : 615 ; tl : azerbaijan , ordubad
ethmia epiloxa meyrick , 1915 ; bull . mus . hist . nat . paris 20 : 121 ; tl : simba
ethmia oculimarginata diakonoff , 1948 ; mém . ins . sci . madagascar ( a ) 1 ( 1 ) : 30
ethmia penyagolosella domingo & baixeras , 2003 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo nf 24 ( 4 ) : 184
ethmia pylonotella viette , 1956 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 81 ( 2 - 3 ) : 98
ethmia pylorella viette , 1956 ; bull . soc . zool . fr . 81 ( 2 - 3 ) : 96
ethmia semitenebrella dyar , 1902 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 10 : 204 ; tl : arizona
ethmia subsidiaris meyrick , 1935 ; mat . microlep . fauna chin . prov . : 90 ; tl : china , nanking
ethmia afghana sattler , 1967 ; [ mp2 ] , 104 ; tl : afghanistan , 10km nw v . kabul , 1900m
ethmia galactarcha ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2004 , acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 347
ethmia cellicoma meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 89 ; tl : paraguay , chaco
ethmia transversella busck , 1914 ; insec . ins . menstr . 2 : 53 ; tl : juan vinas , costa rica
ethmia argomicta meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 90
ethmia cirrhosoma meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 88
ethmia glabra meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 89
ethmia hemicosma meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 89
ethmia spyrathodes meyrick , 1922 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 18 ) : 552 ; tl : spanish guinea , san thome
ethmia taxiacta meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 90
ethmia bipunctella iranella zerny , 1940 ; zs . wiener entver . 25 ( schluß ) : 43 ; tl : iran , elburs
ethmia wursteri amsel , 1956 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 15 : 61 ; tl : jordan valley , zerqa
ethmia dehiscens meyrick , 1924 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 4 ) : 120 ; tl :
kwanshien , china
ethmia dentata diakonoff & sattler , 1966 ; ent . ber . , amst . 26 : 189 ; tl : formosa , takow
ethmia subsimilis walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 89 ; tl : west indies , jamaica
ethmia mnesicosma meyrick , 1924 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 4 ) : 119 ; tl : costa rica , san josé
ethmia striatella busck , 1913 ; ins . inscit . menstr . 1 ( 11 ) : 141 ; tl : tehuacan , mexico
ethmia subnigritaenia powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 173 , 217 ( list ) ; tl : mexico
ethmia catapeltica meyrick , 1924 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 4 ) : 119 ; tl : costa rica , san josé
ethmia glandifera meyrick , 1918 ; ann . transv . mus . 6 ( 2 ) : 37 ; tl : transvaal , pretoria
ethmia judicialis meyrick , 1921 ; ann . transv . mus . 8 ( 2 ) : 119 ; tl : rhodesia , umvuma
ethmia candidella farinatella de lattin , 1963 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 22 : 54 ; tl : turkestan , usgent
ethmia autoschista meyrick , 1932 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 11 ) : 347 ; tl : china , szechwan , mt . omei
ethmia octanoma ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 176
ethmia stojanovitsi kun , 2002 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 170 ; tl : indonesia , seram
ethmia reposita ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 177
ethmia nobilis ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 178
ethmia argopa meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 461 ; tl : malay states , padang rengas
ethmia dactylia meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : roiiplaat , pretoria district
ethmia leucocirrha meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 339 ; tl : sw . africa , otjituo
ethmia mariannae karsholt & kun , 2003 ; nota lepid . 25 ( 4 ) : 208 ; tl : rhodos , kolombia , 40m
ethmia pullata meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 461 ; tl : guadalcanar , solomon is .
die afghanischen ethmia - arten ( lepidoptera : ethmiidae ) ergebnisse der 1 . und 2 . deutschen afghanistan expeditions der landessammlungen für naturkunde karlsruhe
ethmia angarensis caradja , 1939 ; dt . ent . z . iris 53 : 13 ; tl : china , shanis , mien - shan
ethmia candidella ; [ nhm card ] ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 127 ; [ fe ]
ethmia monachella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 12 ( 1 ) : 53 ; tl : boulder , colorado
ethmia albitogata walsingham , 1907 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 33 ( 1567 ) : 199 ; tl : california
ethmia aurifluella ; [ nhm card ] ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 127 ; [ fe ]
ethmia discrepitella ; [ nhm card ] ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]
ethmia asbolarcha meyrick , 1938 ; dt . ent . z . iris 52 : 18 ; tl : china , n . yunnan , likiang
ethmia lineatonotella ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2004 , acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 339 ( note )
ethmia mulleri busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 11 ( 4 ) : 212 ; tl : tehuacan , mexico
ethmia flavicaudata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 179 , 218 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ]
ethmia coscineutis meyrick , 1911 ; ann . transv . mus . 3 ( 1 ) : 76 ; tl : waterberg ; durban , natal
ethmia penesella kun & szabóky , 2000 ; acta zool acad . sci . hung . 46 ( 1 ) : ( 53 - 78 )
ethmia pseudozygospila kun & szabóky , 2000 ; acta zool acad . sci . hung . 46 ( 1 ) : ( 53 - 78 )
ethmia susa kun & szabóky , 2000 ; acta zool acad . sci . hung . 46 ( 1 ) : ( 53 - 78 )
ethmia candidella wiltshirei de lattin , 1963 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 22 : 53 ; tl : iran , fars , shiraz
ethmia brevistriga clarke , 1950 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 40 ( 5 ) : 163 ; tl : bodega bay , california
ethmia dentata ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 256 ; [ nhm card ]
ethmia reposita diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 257 ; tl : mindanao , zamboanga
ethmia chalcodora meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 718 ; tl : argentina , la plata
ethmia acontias meyrick , 1906 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 17 ( 2 ) : 409 ; tl : puttalam , ceylon
ethmia hamaxastra meyrick , 1930 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 18 - 20 ) : 563 ; tl : portuguese e . africa , shilouvane
ethmia pullata ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 255 ; [ nhm card ]
ethmia albistrigella albistrigella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 82 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6c - d
ethmia albolinella shovkoon , 2010 ; nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 146 ; tl : bana - dzhun , kam , valley of goluboy river
ethmia galactarcha meyrick , 1928 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 14 - 15 ) : 418 ; tl : java , tjibodas , mt . gede
ethmia proximella busck , 1912 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 14 ( 2 ) : 84 ; tl : tehuacan , puebla , mexico
ethmia pericentrota meyrick , 1926 ; ann . s . afr . mus . 23 : 339 ; tl : sw . africa , ongka , mafa ovamboland
ethmia phricotypa bradley , 1965 ; br . mus . ruwensori exp . 1952 2 ( 12 ) : 108 ; tl : uganda , bugoyc , 4500ft
ethmia coquillettella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 94 ; tl : los angeles , california
ethmia nykta shovkoon , 2010 ; nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 140 ; tl : bana - dzhun , kam , valley of goluboy r .
ethmia ubsensis zagulajev , 1975 ; nasekomye mongol . 3 : 347 ; tl : mongolia , ubsu - nurskii aimak , 30km ne barun - turuna , peski
ethmia anatiformis kun , 2001 ; ann . hist . nat . mus . nat . hung . 93 : 208 ; tl : nepal , 1750 - 1950m
ethmia nigroapicella ; zimmerman , 1978 , ins . hawaii 9 ( 2 ) : 925 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; [ afromoths ]
ethmia lapidella ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 173 ; [ afromoths ]
ethmia heptasema ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; kun , 2002 , ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 176
ethmia ditreta meyrick , 1920 ; in alluaud & jeannel , voyage afr . orientale , ins . lép . 2 : 88 ; tl : tanganyika , taveta
ethmia elutella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 35 ; tl : porto bello , panama
ethmia zebrata powell , 1959 ; wasmann j . biol . 17 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : mexico , 34 mi s of atlixco , puebla
ethmia conglobata meyrick , 1912 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1911 ( 4 ) : 717 ; tl : colombia , san antonio , 5800ft
ethmia joviella walsingham , 1897 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1897 : 90 ; tl : west indies , grenada ( mount gay estate )
ethmia hammella busck , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 12 ( 1 ) : 53 ; tl : tuis , costa rica , 2400ft
ethmia ballistis meyrick , 1908 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1908 : 732 ; tl : german east africa , dar - es - salaam
interesting records of ethmiinae from the former ussr , with description of ethmia ustyurtensis nupponen , sp . n . from kazakhstan ( lepidoptera : gelechioidea , elachistidae )
ethmia nadia clarke , 1950 ; j . wash . acad . sci . 40 ( 5 ) : 161 ; tl : mccloud , siskiyou co . , california
ethmia umbrimarginella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 94 ; tl : las cruces , new mexico
ethmia monticola monticola ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 104 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 1f , 8i - j
ethmia caliginosella busck , 1904 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 12 ( 1 ) : 44 ; tl : silverton , colorado , 12000ft
ethmia macelhosiella busck , 1907 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 8 ( 3 - 4 ) : 93 ; tl : st . louis , missouri
ethmia josephinella dyar , 1902 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 10 : 205 ; tl : dripping spring , organ mts , new mexico
ethmia ungulatella busck , 1914 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 47 ( 2043 ) : 34 ; tl : cambima ; alhajuela , panama
ethmia cypraspis ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 140 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12h ; [ nhm card ]
ethmia chalcogramma powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 142 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12j ; tl : bolivia , boyuibe
ethmia coranella dyar , 1902 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 10 : 207 ; tl : kerrville , ; shovel mt . , texas
ethmia semiombra dyar , 1902 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 10 : 206 ; tl : san diego , texas ; brownsville , texas
ethmia sattleri kun , 2007 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung 99 : 106 ; tl : 100m , westl . shiraz , s . iran
ethmia submersa diakonoff , 1966 ; tijds . ent . 109 ( 3 ) : 80 ; tl : w . celebes , paloe , mt . tompoe , 2700ft
ethmia pusiella deletella de lattin , 1963 ; beitr . naturk . forsch . südwdtl . 22 : 50 ; tl : asia centr . , ili - gebiet , djarkent
ethmia crocosoma resignata diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 256 ; tl : oriental negros , dumaguete , 390m
ethmia yeni kun , 2001 ; ann . hist . nat . mus . nat . hung . 93 : 215 ; tl : china , hainan , wuchistan , 230m
ethmia didyma kun , 2002 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 171 ; tl : nepal , 150 - 300m , terai , chitwan
ethmia nobilis diakonoff , [ 1968 ] ; bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 258 ; tl : luzon , benguet , klondyke , 800ft
ethmia piperella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 102 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7i ; tl : jamaica , runaway bay
ethmia chemsaki powell , 1959 ; wasmann j . biol . 17 ( 1 ) : 148 , f . 4 ; tl : 34 mi s of atlixco , puebla
ethmia confusellastra powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 167 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 14h ; tl : mexico , chichen itza
ethmia hieroglyphica powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 175 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16h ; tl : bolivia , incachaca cochabamba
ethmia prattiella busck , 1915 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 17 ( 2 ) : 85 ; tl : texas , zavalla co . , nueces river
ethmia zaguljaevi kostjuk , 1980 ; ent . obozr . 59 ( 4 ) : 858 ; tl : altai , kuraisky hr . u . rund . aktash , 2600m
ethmia praeclara ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 254 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ]
ethmia falkovitshi shovkoon , 2010 ; nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 138 ; tl : kazakhstan , mangistau , n 43°44 ' 04
e 53°37 ' 17
ethmia lassenella busck , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 9 ( 1 - 4 ) : 92 ; tl : redington , pima co . , arizona
ethmia umbricostella caradja , 1927 ; mem . sect . stiint . acad . rom . ( 3 ) 4 ( 8 ) : 421 ; tl :
szetschwan tatsienlu
ethmia bisignata kun , 2002 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung . 94 : 171 ; tl : sw . celebes , pangean , near maros , 2000ft
ethmia iridella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 131 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11i ; tl : mexico , puebla , tehuacan
ethmia janzeni powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 134 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12b ; tl : mexico , temescal , oaxaca
ethmia cypraspis meyrick , 1930 ; ann . naturhist . mus . wien 44 : 263 , pl . 1 , f . 31 ; tl : taperinha , para , brazil
ethmia cubensis busck , 1934 ; 164 , pl . 23 , f . 2 , pl . 26 , f . 3 ; tl : cuba , sierra maestra , comaquey
ethmia duckworthi powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 165 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 14g ; tl : panama , barro colorado island
ethmia julia powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 168 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15b ; tl : puerto rico , isabela substation
ethmia calumniella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 182 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16d ; tl : brazil , santarem , para
ethmia clava powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 205 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18j ; tl : mexico , cordoba , veracruz
ethmia cassiopeia meyrick , 1927 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 12 ) : 362 ; tl : belgian congo , nw . kivu , upper oso r . , 4000ft
ethmia turkmeniella dubatolov & ustjuzhanin , 1998 ; nota lepid . 21 ( 2 ) : 101 ; tl : sw turkmenistan , sw . kopet - dag mts , kara - kala
ethmia papiella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 95 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7j ; tl : mexico , los mochis , sinaloa
ethmia notomurinella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 138 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12f ; tl : argentina , rio seco , cordoba
ethmia phylacops powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 143 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13a ; tl : mexico , chichen itza , yucatan
ethmia wellingi powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 158 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 14c ; tl : mexico , chichen itza , yucatan
ethmia nigritaenia powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 172 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15f ; tl : mexico , chichen itza , yucatan
ethmia semiombra nebulombra powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 190 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17d ; tl : mexico , merida , yucatan
ethmia penthica walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 146 , pl . 5 , f . 9 ; tl : mexico , oaxaca
ethmia cordia powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 202 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18d ; tl : mexico , chichen itza , yucatan
ethmia discostrigella discostrigella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 92 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7f ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia volcanella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 97 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 8a - b ; tl : mexico , tehuantepec , oaxaca
ethmia hagenella hagenella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 109 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9f ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia abraxasella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 125 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia abraxasella abraxasella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 125 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11d ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia cupreonivella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 137 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia cellicoma ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 142 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia phylacis phylacis ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 146 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13c ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia farrella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 170 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15a ; tl : jamaica , nr farmouth , trelawny parish
ethmia antennipilosa wang & li , 2004 ; ent . news 115 ( 3 ) : 135 ; tl : china , hengxian ( 22 . 6°n , 109 . 2° ) , guangxi
ethmia cribravia wang & li , 2004 ; ent . news 115 ( 3 ) : 136 ; tl : china , lijiang ( 26 . 8°n , 100 . 2°e ) , yunnan
ethmia duplicata meyrick , 1914 ; j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 1 ) : 130 ; tl : patipola ( 6200ft ) , maskeliya , puttalam , ceylon
ethmia ustyurtensis nupponen , 2015 ; shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 126 ; tl : sw - kazakhstan , 43°24 ' 27
n 54°33 ' 34
e , 80m
ethmia albistrigella icariella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 83 , 216 ( list ) ; tl : california , inyo co . , near mono pass , 12500ft
ethmia thomaswitti kun , 2004 ; acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 343 ; tl : s . sulawesi , puncak palopo ( 2 . 55°s , 120 . 05°e )
ethmia clarkei powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 117 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10d ; tl : mexico , quintana roo , isla de mujeres
ethmia scythropa walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 148 , pl . 5 , f . 13 ; tl : costa rica , banana river
ethmia phylacis walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 147 , pl . 5 , f . 12 ; tl : mexico , durango , presidio
ethmia phylacis ornata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 147 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia baliostola walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 144 , pl . 5 , f . 5 ; tl : costa rica , banana river
ethmia omega powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 182 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16e ; tl : brazil , pelotas , rio grande do sul
ethmia heptasticta walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 146 , pl . 5 , f . 8 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , tonalapa
ethmia ubsensis ; [ nhm card ] ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 148 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 129
ethmia charybdis ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 32 ; [ nacl ] , # 972 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia hagenella ; [ nacl ] , # 989 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 109 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia perpulchra walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 146 , pl . 5 , f . 14 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , orizaba
ethmia ornata busck , [ 1934 ] ; ent . am . ( n . s . ) 13 ( 4 ) : 168 , pl . 35 , f . 2 ; tl : cuba
ethmia cyanea walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 144 , pl . 5 , f . 4 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , atoyac
ethmia scutula powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 203 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18g ; tl : mexico , 6 mi s of culiacan , sinaloa
ethmia powelli heppner , 1988 ; j . lep . soc . 42 ( 4 ) : 281 , f . 1 - 4 ; tl : 1mi sw islamorada , upper matecumbe key , florida
ethmia ( ethmiinae ) ; zimmerman , 1978 , ins . hawaii 9 ( 2 ) : 925 ; [ nacl ] , 12 ; [ richard brown ] ; [ afromoths ] ; [ fe ]
ethmia orestella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 84 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6h ; tl : colorado , hall valley , 11500ft , park co .
ethmia plagiobothrae powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 77 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5j , 22c ; tl : california , cool , el dorado co .
ethmia vietmiella kun , 2001 ; ann . hist . nat . mus . nat . hung . 93 : 213 ; tl : vietnam , vinh phu , tam dao , 55km nnw hanoi , 800m
ethmia linsdalei powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 116 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10c ; tl : mexico , 20 mi e of el camaron , oaxaca
ethmia sandra powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 166 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 3d , 14i ; tl : el salvador , 13km n of san salvador
ethmia howdeni powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 176 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15h ; tl : mexico , 21 mi e of villa union , sinaloa
ethmia lichyi powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 180 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 2e , 4b , 16c ; tl : venezuela , cuenca del rio borborata
ethmia hodgesella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 196 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17i ; tl : arizona , madera canyon , 4880ft , santa rita mtns
ethmia oterosella busck , [ 1934 ] ; ent . am . ( n . s . ) 13 ( 4 ) : 165 ; tl : estacion experimental agronomica , santiago de las vegas , cuba
ethmia epileuca powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 86 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6j ; tl : california , surprise canyon , panamint mtns , inyo co .
ethmia tricula powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 79 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6a ; tl : california , 3 mi ne of moreno , riverside co .
ethmia timberlakei powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 100 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 8g ; tl : california , citrus experiment station , riversite , riversite co .
ethmia mimihagenella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 111 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9h ; tl : new mexico , gran quivira national monument , socorro co .
ethmia burnsella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 111 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9j ; tl : texas , palo duro canyon , 2800ft , randall co .
ethmia cypraeella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 124 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11c ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia chalcodora ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 141 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12i ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia gelidella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 149 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13e ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia zebrata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 151 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13g ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia humilis powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 169 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15c - d ; tl : jamaica , constant spring , st . andrew parish
ethmia coronata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 171 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15e ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia conglobata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 185 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16i ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia cyanea ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 186 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16j ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia baja powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 198 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18b ; tl : mexico , 26 mi w of la paz , baja california
ethmia pala powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 204 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18h - i ; tl : mexico , 6 mi s of culiacan , sinaloa
ethmia heptasticta ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 207 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia joviella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 211 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19f ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia comitella ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2002 , insecta koreana 19 ( 2 ) : ( 131 - 136 ) ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 129
ethmia sibirica ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 164 ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 147
ethmia davisella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 115 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10b ; tl : mexico , 6 mi s of ciudad victoria , tamaulipas , 1050ft
ethmia abraxasella clarissa ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 127 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11e ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia flavicaudata walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 145 , pl . 5 , f . 7 ; tl : mexico , vera cruz , san juan , 600ft
ethmia sphenisca powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 205 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 19a ; tl : mexico , 10 mi w of el salto , durango , 9000ft
ethmia angustalatella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 214 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19j ; tl : mexico , 3 mi e of galeana , nueva leon , 5000ft
ethmia brevistriga aridicola powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 76 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5h ; tl : california , 2 mi ne of lakeside , san diego co .
ethmia ultima ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 169 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 129
ethmia geranella barnes & busck , 1920 ; contr . nat . hist . lepid . n . am . 4 ( 3 ) : 242 , pl . 27 , 34 ; tl : la puerta valley , california
ethmia subsimilis ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 117 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10e - f ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia kirbyi ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 118 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10g - h ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia nivosella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 129 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 2b , 11g ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia phoenicura ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 150 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 3b , 13f ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia paucella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 156 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 2c , 14b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia semiombra semiombra ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 189 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17b - c , 20g - h ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia punctessa powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 213 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19h - i ; tl : mexico 3 mi e of galeana , nueva leon , 5000ft
ethmia discostrigella subcaerulea ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 93 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7g ; [ nacl ] , # 980a ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia scylla ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 12 ; [ nacl ] , # 966 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia brevistriga brevistriga ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 17 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 75 , 216 ( list )
ethmia minuta ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 30 ; [ nacl ] , # 970 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia monticola ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 104 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 987 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia monticola emmeli powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 106 , pl . 9a ; tl : arizona , fort valley , 7350ft , 7 . 5 mi nw of flagstaf , coconin co .
ethmia timberlakei ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 53 ; [ nacl ] , # 984 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia longimaculella ; [ nacl ] , # 999 ; [ nhm card ] ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 177 , 218 ( list ) ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia plaumanni powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 183 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 16f ; tl : brazil , nova teutonia , santa catarina ( 27°11 ' , 52°23 ' )
ethmia albicostella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 190 , 218 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 1001 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia playa powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 197 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18a ; tl : mexico , rio del fuertte , 13 mi n of los mochis , sinaloa
ethmia scylla powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 74 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 1d , 5f , 21a - d ; tl : california , russelmann park , contra costa co .
ethmia szabokyi kun , 2001 ; ann . hist . nat . mus . nat . hung . 93 : 212 ; tl : nepal , annapurna h , 1km n of syange , 1200m 84°25 ' e , 28°24 ' n
ethmia charybdis powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 80 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 1e , 6b ; tl : california , big panoche creek , at san benito - fresno county line
ethmia rhomboidella walsingham , 1897 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1897 ( 1 ) : 45 , pl . 3 , f . 15 ; tl : natal , malvern ; french congo , kangwé , ogowé river
ethmia palawana ; diakonoff , [ 1968 ] , bull . u . s . nat . mus . 257 : 253 ; [ nhm card ] ; kun , 2004 , acta zool . hung . 50 ( 4 ) : 347
ethmia epilygella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 137 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12e ; tl : brazil , nova teutonia , santa cathrarina ( 27°11 ' s , 52°23 ' w )
ethmia pyrausta ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 165 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]
ethmia nigripedella ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 166 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]
ethmia nigrimaculata ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 167 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]
ethmia macneilli powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 101 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 8d ; tl : california , rock cree , 1 mi w of tom ' s place , mono co .
ethmia persica kun , 2007 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung 99 : 102 ; tl : iran , büyer ahmad , 3km n of sisaht , 2700m , 51°23 ' 21
e , 31°09 ' 22
n
ethmia apicipunctella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 88 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7a ; [ nacl ] , # 978 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia euphoria kun , 2007 ; ann . hist . mus . nat . hung 99 : 104 ; tl : turkey , agri , karasu - aras mts . 5 km se of sarican , 2000m , 39°47 ' n , 42°28 ' e
ethmia zelleriella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 112 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9e ; [ nacl ] , # 992 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia mirusella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 192 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17f ; [ nacl ] , # 1002 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia trifurcella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 193 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 17g ; [ nacl ] , # 1003 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia minuta powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 78 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 3e , 5k - l , 21e - f ; tl : california , 3 mi ne of moreno , riverside co .
ethmia hagenella josephinella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 110 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9g ; [ nacl ] , # 989a ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia fritillella powell , 1973 ; smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 136 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12d ; tl : brazil , nova teutonia , santa catharina , 300 - 500m ( 27°11 ' s , 52°23 ' w )
ethmia notatella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 154 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 4e , 13i ; [ nacl ] , # 995 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia marmorea ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 194 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 4a , 17h ; [ nacl ] , # 1004 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia monticola fuscipedella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 107 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9b - c ; [ nacl ] , # 987b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia terpnota walsingham , 1912 ; biol . centr . - amer . lep . heterocera 4 : 147 , pl . 5 , f . 11 ; tl : costa rica , volcan de irazu , 6000 - 7000ft ; san josé , 4000ft ; tuis , 2400ft
ethmia confusella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 162 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 2d , 14d - e ; [ nacl ] , # 996 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia gigantea ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 63 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 187 , 218 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia semiombra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 127 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 188 , 218 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 1000 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia mansita ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 87 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 90 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7e ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia proximella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 117 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 122 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11a ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia submissa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 133 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 135 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12c ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia mnesicosma ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 148 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13d ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 24 , 10 ( list )
ethmia cubensis ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 41 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 161 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 16b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia striatella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 133 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 164 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 14f ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia penthica ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 108 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 200 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 18c ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia oterosella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 104 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 208 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19c ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia phylacis ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 146 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 23 , 10 ( list )
ethmia soljanikovi ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 164 ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 149 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 127
ethmia zaguljaevi ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 164 ; shovkoon , 2010 , nota lepid . 33 ( 1 ) : 142 ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128
ethmia umbrimarginella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 142 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 70 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5a ; [ nacl ] , # 962 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia brevistriga ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 27 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 75 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 967 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia macelhosiella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 86 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 99 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 982 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia hiramella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 69 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 155 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 3a , 13j , 14a ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia terpnota ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 130 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11h ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 16 , 9 ( list )
ethmia ungulatella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 139 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 12g ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 19 , 9 ( list )
ethmia exornata ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 144 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13b ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 20 , 10 ( list )
ethmia chemsaki ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 154 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 13h ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 25 , 10 ( list )
ethmia catapeltica ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 174 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 15g ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 39 , 10 ( list )
ethmia bittenella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 217 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 994 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 12 , 9 ( list )
ethmia albistrigella ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 35 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 81 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 973 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia discostrigella ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 46 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 92 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 980 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia lassenella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 79 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 71 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5b ; [ nacl ] , # 963 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia monachella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 94 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 73 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 5e ; [ nacl ] , # 965 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia caliginosella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 28 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 108 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 9d ; [ nacl ] , # 988 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia prattiella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 116 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 209 , 218 ( list ) , pl . 19d ; [ nacl ] , # 1007 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia cirrhocnemia ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 166 ; kun , 2002 , insecta koreana 19 ( 2 ) : ( 131 - 136 ) ; nupponen , 2015 , shilap revta lepid . 43 ( 169 ) : 128 ; [ fe ]
ethmia geranella ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 62 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 99 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 8e - f ; [ nacl ] , # 983 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia bipunctella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 103 , 216 ( list ) ; [ nacl ] , # 986 ; [ nhm card ] ; dubatolov , ustjuzhanin & zintshenko , 1997 , atalanta 28 ( 1 / 2 ) : 165 ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; [ fe ]
ethmia semilugens ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 40 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 85 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 6i ; [ nacl ] , # 976 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia delliella ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 114 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 10a ; [ nacl ] , # 993 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 11 , 9 ( list )
ethmia festiva ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 56 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 123 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11b ; [ nhm card ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 12 , 9 ( list )
ethmia albitogata ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 22 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 76 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 1c , 5i ; [ nacl ] , # 968 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia duckworthi ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 49 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 31 , 10 ( list )
ethmia scythropa ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 126 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 127 , 217 ( list ) ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 14 , 9 ( list )
ethmia arctostaphylella ; powell , 1971 , j . lep . soc . 25 ( suppl . 3 ) : 42 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 88 , 216 ( list ) , pl . 7b - d , 21g - h , 22d ; [ nacl ] , # 979 ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ]
ethmia perpulchra ; brown , adamski , hodges & bahr , 2004 , zootaxa 510 : 110 ; powell , 1973 , smiths . contr . zool . 120 : 132 , 217 ( list ) , pl . 11j ; [ nhm card ] ; [ sangmi lee & richard brown ] ; phillips , powell , hallwachs & janzen , 2014 , zookeys 461 : 15 , 9 ( list )