elachista watti is a moth in the elachistidae family .

it was described by philpott in 1924 .

it is found in new zealand .

the wingspan is 7-8.5 mm .

the forewings are metallic white with a linear spot of fuscous below the fold at three-fifths and a median fuscous streak from three-fourths to near the apex .

the hindwings are greyish-fuscous .

elachista watti

elachista ( aphelosetia ) bisulcella ( duponchel , 1843 ) = lita bisulcella duponchel , [ 1843 ] 1842 = elachista zonariella tengström , [ 1848 ] 1847 .
elachista laetella rebel , 1930 ( sometimes in e . subalbidella ; tentatively placed here )
elachista infuscata frey , 1882 ( sometimes in e . exactella ; tentatively placed here )
elachista juliensis frey , 1870 = e . freyi staudinger , 1871 ( type of biselachista )
elachista baltica e . hering , 1891 ( sometimes in e . freyerella ; tentatively placed here )
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, f . e . s . , assistant entomologist , cawthron institute , nelson .
[ read before the nelson institute , 14th july and 18th october , 1922 ; received by editor , 21st october , 1922 ; issued separately , 6th june , 1924 . ]
♂♀ . 39–46 mm . head and palpi ferruginous sprinkled with grey , apex of terminal joint of palpi grey - whitish . antennae ochreous , in ♀ whitish , ferruginous beneath , pectinations in ♂ ¼ . thorax ferruginous , thickly irrorated with grey , collar grey - whitish . abdomen fuscous - grey . legs ferruginous sprinkled with grey , all tarsi annulated with grey - whitish . forewings moderate , costa almost straight , apex obtuse , termen rounded , oblique ; ferruginous , irrorated with white and grey ; an irregular white basal line , interruptedly margined with black anteriorly ; first line irregular , bent inwardly beneath costa , broadly excurved at middle , white , posteriorly black - margined ; claviform pale - centred , black - margined , touching first line ; orbicular round , pale - centred , black - margined , half - way between first line and reniform ; reniform pale - centred , black - margined laterally ; a white dot on costa above reniform ; second line irregularly dentate , excurved on upper ⅔ , incurved beneath , white , black - margined anteriorly ; subterminal line parallel with termen , obscure , grey - whitish ; interruptedly margined with blackish anteriorly ; terminal area paler : cilia ferruginous , obscurely barred with whitish . hindwings fuscous - grey ; a dark line round termen : cilia fuscous - grey with faint dark basal line , tips more or less whitish . female in all respects much paler than male .
distinguished from the other species of the genus by the ferruginous ground - colour .
mount arthur tableland , at an elevation of 4 , 500 ft . five males and two females taken at “sugar” in december and january . holotype ( ♂ ) , allotype ( ♀ ) , and paratypes in coll . cawthron institute .
represented by obscure pinkish blotches : cilia reddish - brown , tips more or less whitish . hindwings dark fuscous , in male reddish - tinged : cilia in ♂ grey , in ♀ basal half white , with interrupted dark basal line . undersides fuscous - grey , pink - tinged , in ♀ paler .
in general appearance very like p . ewingii ( westw . ) but narrower - winged and without the peculiar reniform of that species .
gouland downs . one of each sex taken in february . holotype ( ♂ ) and allotype ( ♀ ) in coll . cawthron institute .
♂♀ . 21–22 mm . head grey mixed with fuscous . maxilliary palpi grey , labial fuscous . antennae fuscous , in ♂ shortly ciliated . thorax dark greyish - fuscous . abdomen grey , anal tuft ochreous . legs grey , anterior tarsi infuscated . forewings moderately dilated , costa arched at base , thence straight , apex rounded , termen straight , oblique ; grey , strongly suffused with white on basal area and beneath costa to second line ; an interrupted blackish line at base ; first line indicated by thick brownish - black posterior margining , outwardly oblique on upper half , inwardly angled at middle ; orbicular dot - like , detached , black ; reniform x - shaped , black ; second line irregular , indented beneath costa , incurved on lower ⅔ and dentate above dorsum , white , strongly black - margined anteriorly ; a marginal series of black dots , preceded by an obscure white shade : cilia fuscous - grey with a darker basal line . hindwings greyish - fuscous , darker apically : cilia as in forewings . female paler in all respects .
near s . nomeutis meyr . , but structurally distinct in the much shorter antennal ciliations ; the angled first line is also a good distinguishing character .
common on the tableland of mount arthur at 4 , 000 ft . to 5 , 000 ft . in january . holotype ( ♂ ) , allotype ( ♀ ) , and a series of paratypes in coll . cawthron institute .
♂♀ . 21–24 mm . head grey . palpi brown , mixed with white on upper surface and white basally beneath . antennae brown , very shortly ciliated in both sexes . thorax grey mixed with blackish . abdomen ochreous - grey . legs whitish - ochreous , anterior tibiae and tarsi infuscated and annulated with ochreous . forewings moderate , costa slightly arched , apex obtuse , termen faintly sinuate , oblique ; pale brown , densely irrorated with white and with scattered blackish - brown scales ; an indistinct short blackish - brown line from middle of base ; first line obscure , evenly curved , white , margined on costa with brown ; a thick brownish - black discal streak from first line to reniform , margined beneath with brown ; claviform irregular , blackish , touching discal streak ; reniform thick x - shaped , brownish - black , connecting with basal streak ; second line obscure , white , anteriorly margined by a series of blackish dots , moderately indented beneath costa ; veins interruptedly marked with blackish : cilia pale brownish mixed with white . hindwings ochreous - grey , in ♀ fuscous tinged : cilia grey - whitish .
a male and two females taken at gouland downs in february , and a male bred from moss taken from the dun mountains at about 2 , 000 ft . ; the latter specimen emerged on 15th december . holotype ( ♂ ) , allotype ( ♀ ) , and one paratype in coll . cawthron institute .
near s . critica meyr . , but the form of the lines is different and there are no yellow markings .
mount arthur tableland , 4 , 000 ft . to 5 , 000 ft . fairly common in december , and one specimen taken in the middle of january . holotype ( ♂ ) , allotype ( ♀ ) , and a series of male paratypes in coll . cawthron institute .
since describing the above species from the unique ♀ taken at the mount arthur tableland the male has been added to the collection of the cawthron institute , a single specimen of that sex having been secured by dr . tillyard at gouland downs early in february . it agrees exactly in colour and markings with the holotype , but is smaller , having a wing - expanse of only 18 mm . , as against 21 mm . in the female .
cnephasia latomana ( meyr . ) , trans . n . z . inst . , vol . 17 , p . 145 .
♂♀ . 16–17 mm . head , palpi , and thorax greyish - white . antennae grey , ciliations in ♂ ¾ . abdomen ochreous - grey - whitish , anal tuft ochreous - white . legs ochreous - white , anterior pair and spurs infuscated . forewings
elongate , costa strongly arched , apex pointed , termen rounded , very oblique ; silvery white ; extreme edge of costa , from base to a varying point , blackish ; a black dot in disc at ¾ , frequently absent : cilia greyish - white . hindwings and cilia pale greyish - white .
near t . indigestana meyr . , but whiter and without any reddish suffusion in disc .
dun mountain , at 3 , 000 ft . eight males and one female taken flying in the evening among low shrubs and herbage . holotype ( ♂ ) , allotype ( ♀ ) , and a series of ♂ paratypes in coll . cawthron institute .
♂ . 13–14 mm . head pale whitish - ochreous . palpi whitish - ochreous , outwardly infuscated . antennae whitish - ochreous , annulated with fuscous , ciliation in ♂ 1 . thorax white mixed with pale fuscous . abdomen ochreous - whitish , basal segments white , anal tuft brighter ochreous . legs whitish - ochreous , more or less infuscated . forewings rather elongated , costa evenly arched , apex blunt - pointed , termen rounded , very oblique ; white , irrorated with pale fuscous ; many blackish - fuscous scales , tending to form an irregular spot in disc at ¾ and a series of terminal dots : cilia grey - whitish , fuscous - tinged apically , with a fuscous basal line . hindwings grey - whitish , fuscous - tinged apically : cilia grey - whitish with an indistinct dark basal line .
gouland downs , in february . a series of eight males beaten from undergrowth . holotype ( ♂ ) and a series of paratypes in coll . cawthron institute .
near g . codonias meyr . , but a smaller species with differently arranged strigae .
gouland downs . three males found on low forest herbage early in february . holotype ( ♂ ) and two paratypes in coll . cawthron institute .
very similar in appearance to o . semifasciata philp . , but the light and dark areas in that species are more pronounced , the ground - colour being less irrorated with brown .
common at nelson from november to january in nothofagus forest to 2 , 000 ft . generally beaten from a species of gaultheria . holotype ( ♂ ) , allotype ( ♀ ) , and a long series of paratypes in coll . cawthron institute .
danaida chrysippus petilia stoll . , suppl . cramer ' s papillons exotiques , 132 , pl . 28 , f . 3 .
an example of this butterfly was captured in january at nelson by mr . w . wastney . mr . g . v . hudson ( trans . n . z . inst . , vol . 40 , p . 104 , 1908 ) published the first record of the species for new zealand , a specimen having been brought to mr . e . c . sherlock , who states that he saw another at the same locality , a few miles from the thames . mr . hudson gives a description and a figure . the nelson specimen , which mr . wastney has kindly presented to the cawthron institute , is evidently the australian subspecies petilia , and from mr . hudson ' s figure it would appear that the thames specimen also belongs to that form . both specimens are females .
a specimen of this common australian species was captured by mr . w . wastney at nelson in february , evidently a chance arrival from the commonwealth . a short description is appended .
expanse of wing , 88 mm . head , thorax , and abdomen dark chocolate - brown . forewings dark chocolate - brown , slightly ochreous - tinged on basal area and with violet metallic sheen in disc and towards dorsum ; three or four irregular dark - brown fasciae near base ; a double dark - brown fascia before middle ; a broad dark - brown fascia beyond middle , broadly excurved on upper half to encircle a large black - ringed eye - spot ; subterminal and terminal waved dark - brown lines . hindwings dark chocolate - brown with a median pale - margined fascia and a tornal blackish blotch containing two bluish - white spots .
somewhat similar in appearance to dasypodia selenophora gn . , but easily distinguished , apart from the generic characters , by the violet sheen , the difference in the transverse fasciae , and the absence of the terminal series of white dots .
♂ . 27 mm . head ochreous - white . labial palpi 4 , ochreous - white . maxilliary palpi white . antennae ochreous - white . thorax brassy - yellow . abdomen and legs whitish - ochreous . forewings moderate , costa evenly arched , apex acute , termen almost straight , very oblique ; brassy - yellow ; costa margined throughout with white ; a straight well - defined white median longitudinal stripe , margined with fuscous above except near base , and more narrowly beneath on basal half ; some obscure white terminal streaks above median streak : cilia white . hindwings white , faintly tinged with ochreous : cilia white .
in the acute apex of the forewings this species recalls the much larger c . angustipennis zell . , but the markings are altogether different .
bred by mr . c . lindsay from a larva found at otarama , canterbury , in october . holotype ( ♂ ) in coll . canterbury museum .
♂ . 17 mm . head greyish - white . palpi grey , terminal segment short and bluntly pointed . antennae grey , ciliation 1 . thorax grey , patagia brown . abdomen ( missing ) . legs grey , anterior pair infuscated . forewings strongly arched at base , thence straight to apex , apex rounded , termen rounded , oblique ; white ; markings bronzy - brown ; basal patch indicated by an irregular fascia , projecting at middle ; two curved fasciae beyond this , second broken up into spots ; median fascia directed towards tornus , evenly dilated from costa , interrupted at ⅔ ; four or five interrupted irregular fasciae between median fascia and apex : cilia greyish - white , darker round apex . hindwings fuscous grey : cilia grey with a darker basal line .
mount ruapehu , in january . one male taken by mr . c . c . fenwick , who retains the type .
♂ . 15–16 mm . head greyish - white , face darker . papli greyish - white , darker apically , second segment thickened with scales , apex truncate , terminal segment very short , hardly projecting . antennae annulated alternately with fuscous and whitish , ciliations in ♂ ¾ . thorax fuscousgrey . abdomen whitish - grey , anal tuft ochreous - white . legs whitishgrey , anterior pair strongly infuscated . forewings , costa strongly arched , apex pointed , termen rounded , very oblique ; silvery - white tinged with grey ; extreme edge of costa , for short distance basally , fuscous ; median costal area more clearly white ; a speckling , consisting of groups of one to four black scales , throughout ; a prominent black discal dot : cilia whitish - grey with darker basal line . hindwings and cilia greyish - white .
very similar in appearance to t . argentosa philp . , but the black speckling is absent in that species . from t . indigestana meyr . the structure of the palpi is a good distinguishing character .
taken by messrs . c . c . fenwick and morris n . watt at ruapehu in december and january . five males were forwarded for examination . holotype ( ♂ ) and paratypes in coll . c . c . fenwick .
♂ 7–8½ mm . head white , slightly mixed with pale fuscous . palpi white . antennae fuscous - grey . thorax white mixed with fuscous . abdomen greyish - fuscous , anal tuft ochreous - white legs ochreous - white , anterior pair infuscated . forewings lanceolate ; metallic white , more or less infuscated , particularly on basal ¼ of costa ; a linear spot of fuscous below fold at ⅗ ; a median fuscous streak from ¾ to near apex ; both these markings usually obscure or absent : cilia pale fuscous , round apex clear white . hindwings and cilia greyish - fuscous .
near e . exaula meyr . , but the conspicuous black markings of that species are absent .
taken by messrs . fenwick and watt at waimarino , in january . five males were sent for examination . holotype ( ♂ ) in coll . c . c . fenwick .
structurally only comparable with s . marmarea meyr . , but the prominent white subterminal band is sufficient to distinguish it , and there are several other differences .
a male and female taken in forest on the mount arthur tableland track in december at an elevation of 4 , 000 ft . ; and a female secured at gouland downs in february . mr . c . c . fenwick has a specimen captured on mount ruapehu in january . holotype ( ♂ ) and allotype ( ♀ ) in coll . cawthron institute .
lindera tessallatella blanch . , hist . fis . y pol . d chile , zool . , vol . 7 , p . 105 , 1852 .
this well - known australian species has now to be recorded from new zealand . five specimens have been taken in nelson on dates ranging from december to june . in the dominion museum collection is an example which came from the collection of the late mr . norris , but it has no label , and no data are available . mr . j . g . myers has reared the species from a larva found in old sacking and rubbish at aramoho , the moth emerging on 26th october .
in general appearance this species is very similar to the oecophorid borkhausenia pseudospretella stt . , and no doubt specimens have been frequently passed over for that species . as the publication in which blanchard ' s description appeared is not easy of access to new zealand students i here give a short description of the species .
♂♂ . 16–34 mm . head , palpi , and thorax ochreous . antennae ochreous , obscurely annulated with fuscous . abdomen and legs pale ochreous . forewings , costa moderately and evenly arched , apex broadly rounded , termen very oblique ; pale ochreous , densely covered with fuscous dots and strigulae ; round apical half of costa and on dorsum the dots are larger ; a prominent large spot on fold at ½ : cilia ochreous mixed with fuscous . hindwings and cilia dull fuscous .
♂ 15–17 mm . head dark brown , sometimes ochreous - tinged . antennae ochreous , blotched with fuscous , ciliations in ♂ 2½ . thorax dark bronzy - brown . abdomen dark brown . legs brown , anterior tarsi annulated with ochreous . forewings , costa evenly arched , apex rounded , termen obliquely rounded , dark bronzy - brown with numerous transverse waved ochreous bands , inseparable on apical half of wing ; near base , especially on dorsal part of wing , some violet metallic scales ; on dorsum at middle the bronzy - brown colouring forms a dark semicircular spot margined before and behind by a clearer area of ochreous : cilia bronzybrown mixed with ochreous . hindwings and cilia dark fuscous .
in general appearance near m . crataea meyr . , but nearly twice as large and with clearer markings .
nelson , in forest at 2 , 500 ft . not uncommon in december . holotype ( ♂ ) and a series of paratypes in coll . cawthron institute .
♂ . 14 mm . head dark brown , ochreous - tinged . antennae dark brown , obscurely annulated with ochreous , ciliations in ♂ 3 . thorax dark purplish - brown . abdomen rich dark brown . legs brown , tarsi annulated with ochreous . forewings , costa evenly arched , apex broadly rounded , termen oblique ; dark shining purplish - brown with slight ochreous admixture ; an obscure ochreous mark on termen before ½and a more prominent triangular ochreous patch before tornus : cilia concolorous with wing . hindwings and cilia dark purplish - fuscous but less bright than forewings .
close to m . homolapa meyr . , but differing chiefly in the pronounced purplish sheen .
mount ruapehu , in january . two or three examples taken by messrs . fenwick and watt . holotype ( ♂ ) in coll . c . c . fenwick .
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hindwings characteristic of their family . they are essentially found worldwide , except in very cold places and on some
however . they usually have at least one , sometimes as many as three light bands running from leading to trailing edge of their forewing uppersides . some
of this large genus have been discovered yet , let alone validly described and named . several small genera , e . g .
of the present genus ) than other species commonly placed here , if not actually closer . in addition ,
practice ( i . e . using as namesake the group - member which was described first ) . some of these groups are placed in either of the two large
if accepted as distinct , but seem too unlike them to warrant placement in either .
. version of 2008 - oct - 09 . retrieved 2010 - may - 01 .
( vol . 6 : microlepidoptera ) [ in german ] . landwirtschaftskammer für oberösterreich .
. version of 2004 - nov - 05 . retrieved 2010 - may - 01 .
. version of 2008 - jul - 19 . retrieved 2010 - may - 01 .
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[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
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eosimias was a genus of early primates , first discovered and identified in 1999 from fossils collected in the shanghuang fissure-fillings of the southern jiangsu province , china .

it is a part of the family eosimiidae , and includes three known species : eosimias sinensis , eosimias centennicus , and eosimias dawsonae .

it provides us with a glimpse of a primate skeleton similar to that of the common ancestor of the haplorhini ( including all simians ) .

the name eosimias is designed to mean " dawn monkey " , from greek eos " dawn " and latin simius " monkey " .

dating has proven this genus lived from 40 to 45 million years ago in the middle eocene .

the genus eosimias is unique because of the presence of primitive and derived traits .

it provides new insight into the phylogenetic relationships between simians and prosimians ( especially the phylogenetic position of the haplorhine prosimian tarsiers ) .

it can best be described as a likely tree dweller that relied on a steady diet of insects and nectar .

most eosimiid species are documented by unique or fragmentary specimens .

this , as well as the strong belief that simians originated in africa has made it difficult for many to accept the idea that asia played a role in early primate evolution .

although some continue to challenge the anthropoid resemblances found in eosiimidae , extensive anatomical evidence collected over the past decade substantiates its anthropoid status .

eosimias

belongs to eosimias according to k . c . beard and j . wang 2004
a graphic was subsequently published showing where the researchers would place eosimias in relation to the origin of mankind .
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eosimias seems to have lived all of forty - five million years ago and darwinius masillae all of forty - seven million years ago .
two of the more accepted ' very early primates ' being known to science as eosimias , ( which translates as dawn monkey ) , and darwinius masillae .
the discovery , in china , of some fossilised foot - bones believed to be from eosimias , an early species already known of from fossilised jawbones , led to the announcement , in 2000 a . d . , of eosimias as a candidate for consideration as an early ancestor present in the family tree of humans / primates .
the middle eocene primate family eosimiidae , which is known from sites in central and eastern china 1 , 2 and myanmar 3 , is central to efforts to reconstruct the origin and early evolution of anthropoid or ‘higher’ primates ( monkeys , apes and humans ) 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 . previous knowledge of eosimiid anatomy has been restricted to the dentition 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 and an isolated petrosal bone 5 , and this limited anatomical information has led to conflicting interpretations of early anthropoid phylogeny 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 . here we describe foot bones of eosimias from the same middle eocene sites in china that yield abundant dental remains of this primate . tarsals of eosimias show derived anatomical traits that are otherwise restricted to living and fossil anthropoids . these new fossils substantiate the anthropoid status of eosimias and clarify the phylogenetic position of anthropoids with respect to other major primate clades . early anthropoids possessed a mosaic of primitive and derived traits in their postcranial skeletons , reflecting their derivation from haplorhine ancestors that retained many prosimian - like features .
aunt of human beings other prominent researchers , - including one dr . christopher beard who had been closely involved in the eosimias foot - bones study and who was , as of may , 2009 , curator of vertebrate paleontology at pittsburg ' s carnegie museum of natural history , - saw darwinius masillae as being only distantly related in terms of the primate family tree , human evolution the origins of mankind .
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from left to right the primate species depicted on the tree are : a lemur ( lemur catta ) , an adapid ( hoanghonius stehlini ) , a tarsier ( tarsius bancanus ) , an omomyid ( shoshonius cooperi ) , a proto - monkey ( eosimias centennicus ) , a south american monkey ( saimiri sciureus ) , an old world monkey ( mandrillus sphinx ) , a great ape ( gorilla gorilla ) , and a human ( homo sapiens ) .
we describe the eosimiid primate fossils collected during the course of four field seasons in the late middle eocene heti formation of central china . in addition to providing new information about the anatomy of eosimias centennicus , the heti formation sample documents substantial taxonomic diversity in the asian eosimiid radiation . one new genus and three new species of eosimiidae are proposed here . these include eosimias dawsonae , n . sp . ; phenacopithecus xueshii , n . gen . and sp . ; and phenacopithecus krishtalkai , n . sp . the anatomy of the upper dentition of eosimiids is described in detail for the first time . as is the case for the lower dentition , a unique combination of primitive and derived traits characterizes the upper dentition of eosimias and phenacopithecus . eosimiid upper molars bear many of the same derived features - including strong protocone cristae and the absence of a postprotocingulum - that have been cited as evidence for a special relationship between anthropoids and certain adapiforms . however , the upper molars of eosimiids further approximate those of other basal anthropoids in having reduced or absent conules and complete lingual cingula . these features are lacking in periconodon and other adapiforms that have been regarded by some workers as being phylogenetically close to anthropoids . given that similarities in upper molar anatomy are among the only derived features that can be cited in support of a possible adapiform ancestry for anthropoids , the occurrence of these same features in eosimiids significantly weakens the adapiform hypothesis of anthropoid origins . the holotype maxillary fragment of phenacopithecus krishtalkai reveals that eosimiids possessed a relatively small infraorbital foramen and a deep lower face between the inferior orbital margin and the alveolar border . eosimiids therefore lacked the orbital hypertrophy characteristic of living tarsiers and many fossil omomyids and microchoerids . eosimiids apparently had relatively small orbits , suggesting that they maintained a diurnal activity cycle .
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situated in changzhou , this hotel is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center and yixing tuanjiu scenic area are also within 32 mi ( 52 km ) .
situated in changzhou , this property is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center is 31 . 9 mi ( 51 . 4 km ) away .
situated in changzhou , this boutique hotel is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center is 31 . 8 mi ( 51 . 2 km ) away .
situated in changzhou , this luxury resort is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center is 32 mi ( 51 . 5 km ) away .
situated in changzhou , this villa is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center and yixing tuanjiu scenic area are also within 32 mi ( 52 km ) .
situated in changzhou , this hotel is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center is 32 . 2 mi ( 51 . 7 km ) away .
situated in changzhou , this hotel is 0 . 9 mi ( 1 . 4 km ) from liyang people ' s government building and within 3 mi ( 5 km ) of yanshan park and gaojingyuan . yixing tuanjiu scenic area and yixing city sports center are also within 32 mi ( 52 km ) .
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situated in changzhou , this hotel is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center and . . .
situated in changzhou , this property is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center . . .
situated in changzhou , this boutique hotel is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports . . .
situated in changzhou , this luxury resort is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center . . .
situated in changzhou , this villa is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center and . . .
situated in changzhou , this hotel is within 12 mi ( 20 km ) of yanshan park , liyang people ' s government building , and gaojingyuan . yixing city sports center is . . .
situated in changzhou , this hotel is 0 . 9 mi ( 1 . 4 km ) from liyang people ' s government building and within 3 mi ( 5 km ) of yanshan park and gaojingyuan . yixing . . .
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full reference : k . c . beard , y . tong , m . r . dawson , j . wang , and x . huang . 1996 . earliest complete dentition of an anthropoid primate from the late middle eocene of shanxi province , china . science 272 : 82 - 85
type specimen : ivpp v11000 , a mandible ( associated left and right dentaries ) . its type locality is heti formation locality 1 , which is in a sharamurunian channel marl / sandstone in the heti formation of china .
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existing primate species can be divided into six subgroups : lemurs , lorises , tarsiers , new world monkeys , old world monkeys , and apes and humans .
as reported in an article in the well - respected scientific magazine
nature
in april , 2002 the results of researches led by the field museum of chicago have resulted in a revision of the evolutionary tree for primates .
the early origin of primates has been pushed back from 65 million years ago to 85 million years ago , before the dinosaurs became extinct .
according to dr . martin vice president of academic affairs at the field museum and co - author of the research , who has studied primate evolution from many different perspectives for the past 30 years , their 85 - million - year - old early common ancestor of the primates probably looked like a primitive , small - brained version of today ' s dwarf lemur .
that animal would probably have been a nocturnal , tree - living creature weighing about 1 - 2 pounds , with grasping hands and feet , also used by the infant to cling to the mother ' s fur . it probably had large forward - facing eyes for stereovision and a shortened snout . it would have inhabited tropical / subtropical forests , feeding on a mixed diet composed mainly of fruit and insects . like humans , it probably had a slow pace of breeding characterized by heavy investment in a relatively small number of offspring .
the illustration above left was prepared by nancy klaud to accompany the field museum ' s research findings .
from time to time new fossils are discovered which seem to offer a greater insight into very early primates which may have featured in the evolutionary origin of mankind .
- was triumphantly announced , at a high - profile media launch hosted by the prestigious american museum of natural history in new york , as a possible early ancestor in terms of the primates family tree .
where many astonishingly well preserved fossils of diverse early species have also been unearthed .
it very soon emerged , however , that the placing of the darwinius masillae / ida fossil in relation to the human evolution was open to dispute .
a second new early adapid fossil discovery found in egypt in 2001 , dating from some 37 million years ago , that has been named afradapis longicristatus , and is closely related to darwinius , is described ( october , 2009 ) in the prestigious science journal nature by a team led by erik seiffert , of stony brook university in new york state .
their analysis of the two fossils indicates strongly that both darwinius and afradapis appear to be members of a group more closely related to lemurs and lorises than to monkeys , apes and people , which has left no known modern descendents .
in this tree , adapiform primates like darwinius and afradapis are not placed close to higher primates , but rather are situated as closer relatives of the living lemurs and lorises , which are
prosimian
primates .
the team led by dr . seiffert record the surprising discovery that the first african primates to evolve large body size and tooth and jaw features like those of the living catarrhine anthropoids ( that is , the old world monkeys , apes , and humans ) arose from within this distantly related prosimian group ( adapiforms ) that includes
. such early promisians could have attained mature weights of 20 pounds ( 9 kilos ) in contrast to the 1 - 2 pounds mature weight they attribute to the contemporaneous early ancestors of all later anthropoids .
one hearing of this challenge dr hurum , and some of his colleagues , went on the record in declining to fully accept the sieffert teams conclusions .
dr hurum said : ' we expected a challenge like this and it ' s interesting it has taken five months for the first attack to come . what we claim about ida is really quite controversial . we really trust and stand by our interpretation . '
philip gingerich , a palaeontologist - from princeton university in the us who worked with the norwegian on ida , described the latest assertion as ' puzzling ' , adding that the creature was almost certainly part of the lineage that led to monkeys , apes and humans .
there are many un - knowns in relation to early primates and their evolution . at age - of - the - sage we are more truly interested in the origins of human psychology and spirituality than in the origins of human physique .
. . . man is a bundle of relations , a knot of roots , whose flower and fruitage is the world . . .
ralph waldo emerson it seems highly likely that such human - innate
bundles of relations and knots of roots
give rise to the
world
of human societies ! ! !
whatever concept one may hold , from a metaphysical point of view , concerning the freedom of the will , certainly its appearances , which are human actions , like every other natural event , are determined by universal laws . however obscure their causes , history , which is concerned with narrating these appearances , permits us to hope that if we attend to the play of freedom of the human will in the large , we may be able to discern a regular movement in it , and that what seems complex and chaotic in the single individual may be seen from the standpoint of the human race as a whole to be a steady and progressive though slow evolution of its original endowment .
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a diverse new primate fauna from middle eocene fissure - fillings in southeastern china .
earliest complete dentition of an anthropoid primate from the late middle eocene of shanxi province , china .
a new primate from the middle eocene of myanmar and the asian early origin of anthropoids .
significance of primate petrosal from middle eocene fissure - fillings at shanghuang , jiangsu province , people ' s republic of china .
middle eocene small mamals from liguanziao basin of henan province and yuanqu basin of shanxi province , central china .
( eds fleagle , j . g . & kay , r . f . ) 335–360 ( plenum , new york , 1994 ) .
( eds fleagle , j . g . & kay , r . f . ) 235– 295 ( plenum , new york , 1994 ) .
( ed . jenkins , f . a . jr ) 261–291 ( academic , new york , 1974 ) .
( eds fleagle , j . g . & kay , r . f . ) 567–593 ( plenum , new york , 1994 ) .
( eds ciochon , r . l . & chiarelli , a . b . ) 123– 138 ( plenum , new york , 1980 ) .
( eds ciochon , r . l . & chiarelli , a . b . ) 139–157 ( plenum , new york , 1980 ) .
( eds chivers , d . j . & joysey , k . a . ) 205– 213 ( academic , london , 1978 ) .
( eds ciochon , r . l . & chiarelli , a . b . ) 243–274 ( plenum , new york , 1980 ) .
( eds fleagle , j . g . & kay , r . f . ) 469– 547 ( plenum , new york , 1994 ) .
( eds fleagle , j . g . & kay , r . f . ) 55–97 ( plenum , new york , 1994 ) .
estimating the body size of eocene primates : a comparison of results from dental and postcranial variables .
we thank the leakey foundation ( d . l . g . and m . d . ) and the national science foundation ( k . c . b . ) for their financial support . we also thank our chinese colleagues , particularly guo jianwei , for helping to wash , screen and sort the specimens from the shanghuang fissures . we also thank kim reed - deemer for her artwork .
§institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology , chinese academy of sciences , p . o . box 643 , beijing 100044 , people ' s republic of china
table 1 : calcaneal measurements ( in mm ) and ratios for the eosimiid calcanei . the extant platyrrhine cebuella is presented for comparison . table 2 : measurements and indices for eosimiid tali . all catalogue numbers are from the ivpp .
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full reference : k . c . beard and j . wang . 2004 . the eosimiid primates ( anthropoidea ) of the heti formation , yuanqu basin , shanxi and henan provinces , people ' s republic of china . journal of human evolution 46 ( 4 ) : 401 - 432
type specimen : ivpp v11999 , a mandible ( left dentary fragment with p3 - m1 ) . its type locality is heti formation locality 11 - 12 , which is in a sharamurunian floodplain siliciclastic in the heti formation of china .
the eosimiid primates ( anthropoidea ) of the heti formation , yuanqu basin , shanxi and henan provinces , people ' s republic of china . - pubmed - ncbi
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the eosimiid primates ( anthropoidea ) of the heti formation , yuanqu basin , shanxi and henan provinces , people ' s republic of china .
section of vertebrate paleontology , carnegie museum of natural history , 4400 forbes avenue , pittsburgh , pa 15213 , usa . beardc @ urltoken
research support , u . s . gov ' t , non - p . h . s .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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fossil fragments ( yellow ) were put together with their mirror - image pieces ( purple ) to visualize the skull of an archaic human who lived in eastern china .
z . li et al . , science 355 , 6328 ( 3 march 2017 )
since their discovery in 2010 , the extinct ice age humans called denisovans have been known only from bits of dna , taken from a sliver of bone in the denisova cave in siberia , russia . now , two partial skulls from eastern china are emerging as prime candidates for showing what these shadowy people may have looked like .
in a paper published this week in science , a chinese - u . s . team presents 105 , 000 - to 125 , 000 - year - old fossils they call “archaic homo . ” they note that the bones could be a new type of human or an eastern variant of neandertals . but although the team avoids the word , “everyone else would wonder whether these might be denisovans , ” which are close cousins to neandertals , says paleoanthropologist chris stringer of the natural history museum in london .
the new skulls “definitely” fit what you’d expect from a denisovan , adds paleoanthropologist maría martinón - torres of the university college london—“something with an asian flavor but closely related to neandertals . ” but because the investigators have not extracted dna from the skulls , “the possibility remains a speculation . ”
back in december 2007 , archaeologist zhan - yang li of the institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology ( ivpp ) in beijing was wrapping up his field season in the town of lingjing , near the city of xuchang in the henan province in china ( about 4000 kilometers from the denisova cave ) , when he spotted some beautiful quartz stone tools eroding out of the sediments . he extended the field season for two more days to extract them . on the very last morning , his team discovered a yellow piece of rounded skull cap protruding from the muddy floor of the pit , in the same layer where he had found the tools .
the team went back for another six seasons and managed to find 45 more fossils that fit together into two partial crania . the skulls lack faces and jaws . but they include enough undistorted pieces for the team to note a close resemblance to neandertals . one cranium has a huge brain volume of 1800 cubic centimeters—on the upper end for both neandertals and moderns—plus a neandertal - like hollow in a bone on the back of its skull . both crania have prominent brow ridges and inner ear bones that resemble those of neandertals but are distinct from our own species , homo sapiens .
however , the crania also differ from the western neandertals of europe and the middle east . they have thinner brow ridges and less robust skull bones , similar to early modern humans and some other asian fossils . “they are not neandertals in the full sense , ” says co - author erik trinkaus , a paleoanthropologist at washington university in st . louis in missouri .
two ancient crania were unearthed about 4000 kilometers from denisova cave at the site of lingjing in henan province in china .
nor are the new fossils late - occurring representatives of other archaic humans such as h . erectus or h . heidelbergensis , two species that were ancestral to neandertals and modern humans . the skulls are too lightly built and their brains are too big , according to the paper .
the skulls do share traits with some other fossils in east asia dating from 600 , 000 to 100 , 000 years ago that also defy easy classification , says paleoanthropologist rick potts of the smithsonian national museum of natural history in washington , d . c . those features include a broad cranial base where the skull sits atop the spinal column and a low , flat plateau along the top of the skull . the lingjing crania also resemble another archaic early human skull that dates to 100 , 000 years ago from xujiayao in china’s nihewan basin 850 kilometers to the north , according to co - author xiu - jie wu , a paleoanthropologist at ivpp .
wu thinks those fossils and the new skulls “are a kind of unknown or new archaic human that survived on in east asia to 100 , 000 years ago . ” based on similarities to some other asian fossils , she and her colleagues think the new crania represent regional members of a population in eastern asia who passed local traits down through the generations in what the researchers call regional continuity . at the same time , resemblances to both neandertals and modern humans suggest that these archaic asians mixed at least at low levels with other archaic people .
to other experts , the denisovans fit that description : they are roughly dated to approximately 100 , 000 to 50 , 000 years ago , and their dna shows that after hundreds of thousands of years of isolation , they mixed both with neandertals and early modern humans . “this is exactly what the dna tells us when one tries to make sense of the denisova discoveries , ” says paleoanthropologist jean - jacques hublin of the max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology in leipzig , germany . “these chinese fossils are in the right place at the right time , with the right features . ”
but wu and trinkaus say they can’t put fossils in a group defined only by dna . “i have no idea what a denisovan is , ” trinkaus says . “neither does anybody else . it’s a dna sequence . ”
the only way to truly identify a denisovan is with dna . ivpp paleogeneticist qiaomei fu says she tried to extract dna from three pieces of the xuchang fossils but without success .
regardless of the new skulls’ precise identity , “china is rewriting the story of human evolution , ” martinón - torres says . “i find this tremendously exciting ! ”
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the paguridae are a family of hermit crabs of the order decapoda .

this family contains 542 species in over 70 genera : acanthopagurus de saint laurent , 1968 agaricochirus mclaughlin , 1981 alainopaguroides mclaughlin , 1997 alainopagurus lemaitre & mclaughlin , 1995 alloeopagurodes komai , 1998 anapagrides de saint laurent-dechance , 1966 anapagurus henderson , 1886 anisopagurus mclaughlin , 1981 bathiopagurus mclaughlin , 2003 bathypaguropsis mclaughlin , 1994 benthopagurus wass , 1963 boninpagurus asakura & tachikawa , 2004 bythiopagurus mclaughlin , 2003 catapaguroides a. milne-edwards & bouvier , 1892 catapaguropsis lemaitre & mclaughlin , 2006 catapagurus a. milne-edwards , 1880 ceratopagurus yokoya , 1933 cestopagurus bouvier , 1897 chanopagurus lemaitre , 2003 cycetopagurus mclaughlin , 2004 decaphyllus de saint laurent , 1968 dentalopagurus mclaughlin , 2007 diacanthurus mclaughlin & forest , 1997 discorsopagurus mclaughlin , 1974 elassochirus benedict , 1892 enallopaguropsis mclaughlin , 1981 enallopagurus mclaughlin , 1981 enneobranchus garcia-gomez , 1988 enneopagurus mclaughlin , 1997 enneophyllus mclaughlin , 1997 forestopagurus garcia-gomez , 1995 goreopagurus mclaughlin , 1988 hachijopagurus osawa & okuno , 2003 haigiopagurus mclaughlin , 2005 icelopagurus mclaughlin , 1997 iridopagurus de saint laurent-dechance , 1966 labidochirus benedict , 1892 lithopagurus provenzano , 1968 lophopagurus mclaughlin , 1981 manucomplanus mclaughlin , 1981 michelopagurus mclaughlin , 1997 micropagurus mclaughlin , 1986 munidopagurus a. milne-edwards , 1880 nematopaguroides forest & de saint laurent , 1968 nematopagurus milne-edwards & bouvier , 1892 orthopagurus stevens , 1927 ostraconotus a. milne-edwards , 1880 paguridium forest , 1961 paguritta melin , 1939 pagurixus melin , 1939 pagurodes henderson , 1888 pagurodofleinia asakura , 2005 pagurojacquesia de saint laurent & mclaughlin , 2000 pagurus fabricius , 1775 parapagurodes mclaughlin & haig , 1973 phimochirus mclaughlin , 1981 porcellanopagurus filhol , 1985 propagurus mclaughlin & de saint laurent , 1998 protoniopagurus lemaitre & mclaughlin , 1996 pseudopagurodes mclaughlin , 1997 pteropagurus mclaughlin & rahayu , 2006 pumilopagurus mclaughlin & rahayu , 2008 pygmaeopagurus mclaughlin , 1986 pylopaguridium mclaughlin & lemaitre , 2001 pylopaguropsis alcock , 1905 pylopagurus a. milne-edwards & bouvier , 1891 rhodochirus mclaughlin , 1981 scopaeopagurus mclaughlin & hogarth , 1998 solenopagurus de saint laurent , 1968 solitariopagurus türkay , 1986 spathapagurus lemaitre & felder , 2011 spiropagurus stimpson , 1858 tarrasopagurus mclaughlin , 1997 tomopaguroides balss , 1912 tomopaguropsis alcock , 1905 tomopagurus a. milne-edwards & bouvier , 1893 trichopagurus de saint laurent , 1968 turleania mclaughlin , 1997 xylopagurus a. milne-edwards , 1880

paguridae

kento furui added the japanese common name
ホンヤドカリ科
to
paguridae
.
what made you want to look up paguridae ? please tell us where you read or heard it ( including the quote , if possible ) .
lemaitre , r . ; mclaughlin , p . ( 2018 ) . world paguroidea & lomisoidea database . paguridae latreille , 1802 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 106738 on 2018 - 07 - 09
hermit crabs in the families paguridae and diogenidae are all aquatic marine crabs . the terrestrial hermit crabs found in many pet stores belong to another family and can be found in florida and the caribbean areas . paguridae are called the right - handed hermit crabs because the right claw is usually larger than the left claw . diogenidae are left - handed hermits because the left claw is usually the largest . unfortunately , these are generalizations and don ' t always hold true , so it ' s not really a good way to distinguish families . most hermit crabs off texas can be identified by their size , color and shape of their claws .
genus benthopagurus wass , 1963 accepted as tomopagurus a . milne - edwards & bouvier , 1893
genus hemipagurus smith , 1881 accepted as catapagurus a . milne - edwards , 1880 ( junior synonym )
genus nylopagurus balss , 1921 accepted as pylopagurus a . milne - edwards & bouvier , 1893 ( misspelling )
genus phylopagurus accepted as pylopagurus a . milne - edwards & bouvier , 1893 ( misspelling )
türkay , m . ( 2001 ) . decapoda , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 284 - 292 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
martin , j . w . , & davis , g . e . ( 2001 ) . an updated classification of the recent crustacea . science series , 39 . natural history museum of los angeles county . los angeles , ca ( usa ) . 124 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
mclaughlin , p . a . ; komai , t . ; lemaitre , r . ; listyo , r . ( 2010 ) . annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world ( exclusive of the kiwaoidea and families chirostylidae and galatheidae of the galatheoidea . part i – lithodoidea , lomisoidea and paguroidea . the raffles bulletin of zoology . supplement no 23 , 5 - 107 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
hayward , p . j . ; ryland , j . s . ( ed . ) . ( 1990 ) . the marine fauna of the british isles and north - west europe : 1 . introduction and protozoans to arthropods . clarendon press : oxford , uk . isbn 0 - 19 - 857356 - 1 . 627 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
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cylindrical or subcylindrical or dorsoventrally flattened , carapace longer than wide or as long as or wider than long ; carapace with linea anomurica ; outer orbital spines absent ; rostrum reduced , or absent . eye cornea well developed , or reduced , or absent ; ocular acicles present .
bases widely separated ; crista dentata present , or absent ; accessory tooth present , or absent ; dactylus simple .
pereopod 1 chelate ; cheliped equal or subequal , or right largest . pereopods 2 to 4
similar , perepod 4 greatly reduced ; 2 - 4 with basis and ischium fused ; dactyli of pereopods 2 to 3 simple . pereopod 3 about the same length as pereopod 2 , or noticably longer than pereopod 2 , or shorter than pereopod 2 ; pereopods 3 dactyli and propodi of right and left similar , or dactyli and propodi of right and left dissimilar . pereopod 4 simple , or chelate .
partially divided ; sternite of pereopod 5 reduced , widely separated from preceding sternite ; somite of pereopod 5 not fused with first abdominal somite , or somite of pereopod 5 fused with first abdominal somite .
3 - 5 unpaired ; none modified as gonopods , or pleopod 1 with one or both modified as gonopods , or pleopod 2 with one or both modified as gonopods , or pleopods 1 and 2 modified as gonopods . male with no other sexual modifications , or with sexual tube ( s ) , or with gonopores masked by tuft ( s ) of setae , or with single gonopore , or with indications of female gonopores ; female with no sexual modifications , or with single gonopore , or with first pleopods paired and modified as gonopods . uropods present ,
cite this publication as : ' mclaughlin , p . , s . ahyong & j . k . lowry ( 2002 onwards ) . ' anomura : families . ' version : 2 october 2002 . urltoken ' .
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urltoken
hermit crabs are not considered to be
true
crabs . they lack an external shell on their soft abdomen which leaves them vulnerable to predators . to protect themselves they live in abandoned gastropod ( snail ) shells . their last 2 pair of legs are small and modified and along with its uropods ( appendages at the end of the abdomen ) are used to clamp onto the internal whorls of the shell . trying to remove a hermit crab from his home is difficult without tearing the crab apart . the whole body can be retracted into the shell , when needed . eventually the hermit crab will outgrow his shell and will search for a new one . each hermit crab has a pair of claws and 2 pair of walking legs ( 5 pair of leg appendages in all ) .
copyright 2012 - 2018 . created by brenda bowling , texas parks and wildlife department .
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jennifer hammock split the classifications by nmnh invertebrate zoology resource from nematopaguroides to their own page .
jennifer hammock split the classifications by inventaire national du patrimoine naturel from diogenes pugilator roux 1828 to their own page .
jennifer hammock split the classifications by smithsonian type specimen data from cestopagurus to their own page .
jennifer hammock split the classifications by obis environmental information from dardanus to their own page .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
unidentified worm phylum annelida esker creek grand wash river common name catch cpue fo catch cpue fo fishes longfin smelt 327 12 .
pagurus brevidactylus porcellanidae petrolisthes armatus petrolisthes galathinus dromiidae moreiradromia antillensis inachidae podochela riseii stenorhynchus seticornis majidae hemus cristulipes macrocoeloma trispinosum microphrys bicornutus mithraculus forceps mithrax sp .
and portunidae decapods ) , teleostei ( soleidae ) , and to a lesser extent , mollusca ( mostly cephalopoda ) , all of which ( except teleostei ) denote the ability of this species to forage near the seabed , targeting preferentially benthic prey .
pagurus protuberocarpus x pagurus longimanus x x x pagurus maclaughlinae x pagurus gymnodactylus iridopagurus violaceus iridopagurus reticulatus x x iridopagurus iris iridopagurus dispar x phymochirus holthuisi pylopagurus pattiae manucomplanus sp .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


phylolestes ethelae

von ellenrieder , n . & paulson , d . 2005 . phylolestes ethelae . 2006 iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 10 august 2007 .
phylolestes is a monotypic genus of damselflies in the family synlestidae . it contains the single species phylolestes ethelae , the hispaniolan malachite . it is endemic to the island of hispaniola , where it occurs in both the dominican republic and haiti .
phylolestes ethelae , the hispaniolan malachite , is a species of damselfly in the family synlestidae . it is found in the dominican republic and haiti where its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers . it is threatened by habitat loss .
phylolestes ethelae is known from only three localities . the extent of occurrence is estimated at less than 5 , 000 km ; with much mountain habitat destroyed on hispaniola , especially in haiti . the species is endemic to the hispaniola mountains , so the extent of occurrence cannot be very large , and habitat is limited , therefore area of occupancy must be considerably smaller . this is a monotypic genus , with south african chlorolestes as closest relative ( westfall 1976 ) .
justification : phylolestes ethelae is known from only three localities . the extent of occurrence is estimated at less than 5 , 000 km² ; with much mountain habitat destroyed on hispaniola , especially in haiti . the species is endemic to the hispaniola mountains , so the extent of occurrence cannot be very large , and habitat is limited , therefore area of occupancy must be considerably smaller . this is a monotypic genus , with south african chlorolestes as closest relative ( westfall 1976 ) .
agrion macrogaster selys from jamaica has been placed in the genera nehalennia , leptobasis , and telebasis . in 1960 the author reared it from bromeliads in jamaica and found the larva so unique that the new genus diceratobasis kennedy ( 1920 , ohio j . sci . 21 : 83 - 88 ) was accepted for it . christiansen ( 1947 , psyche 54 : 256 - 262 ) described a new genus and species , phylolestes ethelae , from haiti and suggested it might belong to the synlestidae , with its nearest relative in africa . larvae which the author collected in 1960 proved him correct . the larvae of both species are herein described .
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schorr , m . and paulson , d . 2018 . world odonata list . revision 14 february 2018 . tacoma , washington , usa available at : urltoken .
la vega and monseñor nouel provinces in dominican republic and dept . l ' ouest in haiti .
forested mountain streams at around 2 , 000 m ; larvae in cold , clear pools ( westfall 1976 , daigle 1993 ) .
studies are needed to confirm the extent of occurrence , to establish population sizes and trends , and to monitor possible threats .
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la vega and monseor nouel provinces in dominican republic and dept . l ' ouest in haiti .
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scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
this species has been noted at only three locations . it inhabits streamsides in forested mountain habitat around 2000 meters in elevation . the larvae develop in cold , clear pools . it is threatened by the destruction of its habitat .
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amphibians & reptiles birds mammals dragonflies fishes plants world biomes bird wing & tail images library resources publications pacific nw moths ( external site ) bug guide ( external site ) a catalogue of butterflies of the united states and canada , j . pelham , 2012 usfws feather atlas an identification manual to the small mammals of british coumbia tags silphidae of washington state
lestes forficula cu , hi , pr , la l . scalaris ba , cu , ja , hi , pr l . spumarius ba , cu , ci , ja , hi , pr , la l . tenuatus cu , ja , la
anax amazili cu , ci , ja , hi , pr , la a . concolor ba , cu , ja , hi , la a . ephippiger la a . junius ba , cu , ci , ja , hi , pr , la coryphaeschna adnexa cu , ja , hi , pr c . ingens ba , cu c . viriditas cu , ci , ja , hi , pr gynacantha ereagris ba , cu g . nervosa ba , cu , ci , ja , hi , pr , la remartinia secreta cu rhionaeschna psilus cu , ja , hi , pr , la triacanthagyna caribbea la t . septima cu , ci , ja , pr , la t . trifida ba , cu , ja , hi , pr , la
aphylla caraiba cu , hi progomphus integer cu , ja p . serenu s hi p . tennessen i hi p . zephyru s hi
slater museum of natural history 1500 n . warner st . # 1088 tacoma , wa 98416 253 . 879 . 3356


cirrhilabrus claire is a species of wrasse native to the cook islands .

it inhabits coral reefs and it can be found at depths from 55 to 100 m ( 180 to 328 ft ) .

this species can reach a standard length of 8.4 cm ( 3.3 in ) .

it can be found in the aquarium trade .

cirrhilabrus claire

c . claire from the cook islands . the red on the fins are not documented in the tahitian examples . doesn’t this fish look superficially similar to cirrhilabrus scottorum based on colour ? photo by aquatailor .
named after claire t . michihara , wife of the collector of the type specimes .
terminal phased c . claire from tahiti . notice the dramatic difference in colour . photo by yk tea .
another photo of c . claire , along with the female . these are cook island originals . photo by aquatailor .
as i type this , my breath is rapid , and my fingers are bent from random spasmodic twitching . we’ve seen cirrhilabrus claire before , and a few times now . we’ve even covered it extensively before , but nothing could have prepared us for this . in hindsight , it was a no - brainer . we should have known and we should have expected a different looking claire’s fairy wrasse to show up one of these days , and it finally did .
photo of c . claire from tahiti , showing the greenish - purple coloration without the red fins . photo from blueharbor’s 2014 calendar .
the specimens of c . claire collected with the narcosis and peppermints did not come from the cook islands . they were collected in tahiti in the southern pacific , a previously undocumented range extension for these species . however at that time , since there had been no living specimens prior to make comparisons with , we assumed that that was what c . claire was supposed to look . however in retrospect , a connection should have been made with the following train of thoughts , “ah , these weren’t collected from the type location . since cirrhilabrus are known to be prone to geographical variations , could these tahitian c . claire look differently from what they were supposed to all the way in the cooks ? ”
for years , the existence and actual appearance of c . claire have painfully eluded even the most hardcore wrasse aficionados . based on the dead specimen and description of the fish , males are yellow dorsally fading to a pale lavender pink below with a dusky yellow head with purple bands . the facial markings and overall coloration suggests a close resemblance to the hawaiian and johnston atoll endemic cirrhilabrus johnsoni , the flame wrasse .
randall , j . e . and r . l . pyle , 2001 . three new species of labrid fishes of the genus cirrhilabrus from islands of the tropical pacific . aqua j . ichthyol . aquat . biol . 4 ( 3 ) : 89 - 98 . ( ref . 41654 )
the original holotype for c . claire from the cook islands . notice the red ventral fin , red tail and red dorsal fin without any black seen in the tahitian ones .
it is almost certain that this pair of c . claire was collected along side the narcosis angelfish . if so , then like the peppermint angelfish and the narcosis angelfish , c . claire just had its range extended beyond the deep reefs of rarotonga where it was first discovered . we cannot wait for blueharbor to release more pictures and hopefully a video of this breath taking fish when it settles down . for now , wrasse lovers can sleep well knowing that c . claire is the final member of the genus to have its picture taken and digitized forever .
the red - finned c . claire shown here by aquatailor is the first we’ve seen of this species from the original type location . this means that this is the standard for what c . claire is supposed to look like . why then are the ones from tahiti so different looking ? could they represent a different geographical colour form outside of the type location ? maybe . now that we’ve seen c . claire from both tahiti and the cook is , we have a better understanding of the species from the two different areas . if more c . claire from the cooks are collected in the future and end up looking like the ones here , with red fins , then it is safe to say both colour forms are indeed geographical variants .
i am not sure if it was he himself which collected this claire , or if it may have been another member of the dive team . i am told there is one other member on the team ( besides himself ) which dives a rebreather .
congrats on your claire ! she ' s beautiful . i have a pair that was collected by rufus in tahiti . my male developed more of a lavender body , while my female has more of a fuchsia body like yours . the male also develops a black border along its dorsal and anal fins .
well we didn’t , and now , a trio of brand new c . claire from the original cook islands have been collected . here’s the shocker . well now that we have gathered our thoughts and calmed down , not so shocking after all . these from the cook islands look totally different from the ones we’ve seen from tahiti . the fins are red , the tail is red , everything is red . the body coloration however , is similar to those we’ve seen from tahiti .
we’ve seen a handful of tahitian c . claire over the last two years , and we’ve even managed to photograph some terminal phased males . in none of these specimens do the males have any hints of red on their fins . in fact , the males you see above from tahiti were photographed at around 3 . 5 – 4 inches , that is about as big as they probably get . it is safe to assume therefore , that these are terminal phased males and the tahitian morphs are presented with black ventral fins , as well as their dorsal and tail fins edged heavily in black .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
gland , switzerland , 5 july 2018 ( iucn ) – australia’s unique reptiles – including lizards and snakes – face severe threats from invasive species and climate change , with 7 % of th . . .
the value of medicinal and aromatic plant trade has increased three - fold in the past 20 years , but traditional harvesting practices are being replaced by less sustainable alternatives . . . .
a recently released iucn technical brief recommends increasing investments in sustainable land management practices , as well as better cooperation between agriculturalists and conservationists to conse . . .
latin , cirrus = curl fringe + greek , labros = furious ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated ; depth range 55 - 100 m ( ref . 41654 ) . tropical
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 8 . 4 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 41654 ) ; 7 . 3 cm sl ( female )
dorsal spines ( total ) : 11 ; dorsal soft rays ( total ) : 9 ; anal spines : 3 ; anal soft rays : 9 ; vertebrae : 25 . dorsal fin with progressively longer spines ; interspinous membranes of dorsal fin of males not reaching above spine tips ; caudal fin rounded ; pelvic fin of male 3 . 0 in sl , of female 4 . 6 in sl ; male yellowish dorsally , shading on side to pale lavender - pink ; head dusky yellow with purple bands ; dorsal fin mainly orange - red with a violet band at base and a narrow dark red margin on spinous and anterior soft portion of fin ; caudal fin red with broad distal yellow border containing a submarginal dusky zone in central part ; female orange - pink , head suffused with yellow dorsally ; a purple band from corner of mouth to upper end of gill opening , then continuing ventrally on edge of opercle ; dorsal fin yellow ; caudal fin orange , shading outwardly to yellow .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01660 ( 0 . 00720 - 0 . 03825 ) , b = 2 . 95 ( 2 . 75 - 3 . 15 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 4 ±0 . 4 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : high , minimum population doubling time less than 15 months ( preliminary k or fecundity . ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 18 of 100 ) .
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was described in 2001 based on specimens obtained off rarotonga , cook islands . the original type locality for this species is the cook islands , just like
, we were so infatuated and excited that we failed to make the connections .
a look back at the holotype specimen from the cook islands reveal the lack of black on the fins , but instead , red . just like the ones from aquatailor , japan . now fast forward into the future , we should have seen this all along . the difference in coloration between the ones we saw from tahiti and the real ones from cook island isn’t that much of a surprise . it is interesting to find out if the different form from tahiti possess any difference in dna as well , or is just simply a geographical colour form .
these cook island originals were caught at 50m , much shallower than the ones were at tahiti . we hope to see more examples in the future but for now , we wait eagerly for anymore updates from aquatailor regarding these specimens .
is quite possibly the world’s rarest and least known fairy wrasse and holy grail is all but a plastic cup to this species . since its discovery in 2001 , there has only been two dead holotype pictures and absolutely zero information on it . the pair above from
is the first ever specimens to be photographed alive , and is also the first pair to enter the trade .
with the first ever male female pair to enter the trade , we finally have an actual idea what this highly elusive species looks like . like in the original description , males are yellowish dorsally and overall a light lavender pink . the head is yellow above but lavender just below the eye , giving it a very unusual and unique two - toned appearance . although not the most colorful and visually stunning wrasse , this species is still spectacular in its own way and has eluded everyone for the longest possible time . even rudie kuiter’s giant wrasse bible listed this species as “n / a” , since there was basically no information or pictures available .
up until 2011 , there were no live photos of this species ( it was only discovered in 2001 ) . prior to it ' s recent collection at that time , all we had were the original holotypes . needless to say , i myself was excited to see this species in 2011 ( via koji wada , blue harbor aquatics , osaka japan ) . but then it wasn ' t until last year ( 2014 ) a clear distinction was made ; there are two variants of this species . it ' s tbd if they ' re actually separate species or not , and that may never be totally clear . but for now , we know the original discovery was made off the cook islands , and the other variant comes via tahiti ( with rufus kimura collecting them ) . the tahitian variant differs in that the ventral fins are all black , and there ' s a strip of black at the tip of the caudal . whereas the cook islands variant has red ventral fins , and the anal , caudal , and dorsal fin all have reds and oranges also present . ( if you ' re interested , lemon has written more about the differences
so i was completely aghast when the opportunity presented itself to me to purchase a specimen collect off the cook islands ; it ' s been on my dream list for years . i purchased this fish via diver ' s den ( dd ) back in march ( they had two ) . he ( she at the time ) was qt ' d for 7 weeks , and has been in my dt since .
as far as i know , this is one of only five in the usa . quality marine ( qm ) brought in a trio last year which were sold to elos aquastudio in nj , and then this one and another were brought in this year through qm and sold to dd . all of which have been collected via chip boyle ' s station in the cook islands . if the name boyle strikes you as familiar , you may be thinking of paracentropyge boylei - the peppermint angel . chip knows what he ' s doing at extreme depths .
yes , this fish was expensive , and i realize not everyone will understand the appeal . but given the history , the story , the allure , and the beauty - it ' s worth it for me .
gorgeous fish ! ! ! i am just starting up a new tank and i am going to make it a wrasse retreat . maybe one day i will have 1 / 4 of the collection you have !
well that is quite expensive , but anyone who sees that fish in your tank will most likely never see another one in person . thanks for sharing these pics .
wow that ' s a mint ! but for someone that collects rare wrasse , it makes more sense . i probably would never spend that much on a fish but it ' s all relative - i ' ve wasted copious amounts on other fish , tanks , cars , car modifications , and more .
very neat fish , as it transforms to terminal male i forbid you from keeping the photos to yourself . post them immediately or the ban stick should be utilized . i don ' t wield it , but if i did . . .
biggest waste of money for me was a charger with stupid doors , custom paint , air ride suspension , and
floaters
. those
younger
years of car shows were a time in my life where i was a complete idiot , so i can ' t say much !
at least your fish is beautiful and won ' t break down every 30 seconds because it ' s a dodge . . .
congrats ! gorgeous fish . i was lucky enough to see the trio at elos aquastudio when they got them . absolutely gorgeous in person . if i remember correctly there ' s another pair on the east coast as well . best of luck !
would you happen to know who purchased them from elos ? that ' s a question i ' ve not been able to answer .
would you happen to know who purchased them from elos ? that ' s a question i ' ve not been able to answer . there are some tahitian ones spattered around the us .
amazing fish hunter , it ' s killing me see the one sit on dd , so tempted but it ' s just a little more than im willing to go at this point . guess i ' ll just have to come visit yours !
amazing fish hunter , it ' s killing me see the one sit on dd , so tempted but it ' s just a little more than im willing to go at this point .
doooo iiiiiit . seriously , just close your eyes and click . or something .
great looking fish hunter . you are inspiring me to get one i ' m tempted to get the one on dd
not mine , but a good friend who is local to me . i see them all the time and they are stunning . good luck with yours ! !
hey wayne ; good to see you over here . they ' re looking great !
thanks . yeah , i ' m more of a lurker over here . i ' ve been very tempted to purchase the la dd one as well but am trying to be good . but if they keep on lowering the price i may not be able to resist anymore . their current price is still very reasonable .
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .