the chattering lory ( lorius garrulus ) is a forest-dwelling parrot endemic to north maluku , indonesia .

it is considered vulnerable , the main threat being from trapping for the cage-bird trade .

the race l. g. flavopalliatus is known as the yellow-backed lory .

chattering lory

chattering lory in captivity © steve milpacher chattering lory in captivity © steve milpacher chattering lory in a free flight aviary shortly after consuming fruit from a visitor . more
the chattering lory love to bathe in a suitable water bowl or under a sprinkler .
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lorius lory lory ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100
also known as : scarlet lory , yellow - backed lory ( l . g . flavopalliatus )
the yellow - backed lory is the same size as the nominate chattering red lory , averaging 12
( 30cm ) in length ( including tail ) .
the chattering lory will roost in the nest year round . young non breeding birds will roost in the nest year round .
the chattering lory is endemic to the halmahera and weda islands ( part of the maluku group of islands ) . this lory is endangered in its natural habitat due to habitat loss .
chattering lory , jurong bird park © doug janson [ cc by - sa 3 . 0 or gfdl ] , via wikimedia commons
the chattering lory is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) , considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild .
the colorful chattering lory is the most popular type of lory . the chattering lory is aptly named because it generally chatters all day . these birds are endemic to the northern molucca islands and indonesia . they are mostly scarlet with an orange beak , yellow under the wings and on the shoulders , with green wings and thighs .
the chattering lory is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) and listed on appendix ii of cites ( 3 ) . three subspecies are recognised : the chattering lory ( l . g . garrulus ) , yellow - backed lory ( l . g . flavopalliatus ) and morotai lory ( l . g . morotaianus ) ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
the colorful chattering lory is the most popular type of lory . the chattering lory is aptly named because it generally chatters all day . these birds are endemic to the northern molucca islands and indonesia . they are mostly scarlet with an orange beak , yellow under the wings and on the shoulders , with green wings and thighs . when you first see a lory , you are likely to think of a small parrot . more
best results are generally obtained with birds that have been paired up at an early age . the chattering lory is generally a good reliable parent .
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the chattering lory ( lorius garrulus garrulus ) is endemic to the halmahera and weda islands ( part of the maluku group of islands ) . this lory is endangered in its natural habitat due to habitat loss ( cites ii ) .
the chattering lory ( lorius garrulus garrulus ) is endemic to the halmahera and weda islands ( part of the maluku group of islands ) . this lory is endangered in its natural habitat due to habitat loss ( cites ii ) . more
the yellow - backed lory ( lorius garrulus flavopalliatus aka domicella garrulus flavopalliatus ) - also known as yellow - backed chattering lory - - is endemic to the islands of batjan and obi ( part of the maluku group of islands ) .
the chattering lory ' s home is indonesia . this bird may be one of an endangered species and my not be immported ito the u . s . check with cites for current information . what does the chattering lory look like ? the lory ' s body is scarlet with yellow under the wings and on the shoulders . thighs and wings are green . the beak is orange . the lory looks like a miniature parrot which it is , lorikeets being the smaller of the two . more
a healthy chattering lory population occurs in the forests of lalobata and ake tajawe on halmahera , which are targeted for upgrading to national park status . its listing on appendix ii of cites also helps regulate the number of chattering lories traded internationally ( 5 ) .
and perhaps the chattering lory ( one breeder at the 2001 down under parrot conference held in june 2001 , auckland , nz , insists that chattering lories do not exist in nz and that all birds so identified are actually yellow - backed lories - a pair obtained in mid 2001 described as chattering lories were in fact the yellow - backed variety ) . more
yellow - backed chattering lory by steve aka crispin swan . the plumage of the adult yellow backed chattering lory is generally scarlet with a large yellow patch on the back just below the mantle . above and below this the feathers are green . they have an orange beak and yellow iris ' s . their legs are black . immature birds have a brownish beak and dark brown iris ' s . the chattering lory is extremely intelligent and has a wonderful ability to mimic sounds and voices . they are very playful characters . more
lorius lory ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100
file : lorius lory - bird park , singapore - upside down - 8a . jpg
sub species in country / area of origin : yes 3 . l . g . garrulus , l . g . flavopalliatus = yellow backed chattering lory , l . g . morotaianus .
this lory is endangered in its natural habitat due to habitat loss ( cites ii ) .
lorius lory somu ( diamond ) 1967 am . mus . novit . no . 2284 p . 4
species : scientific : lorius garrulus garrulus aka domicella garrulus garrulus . . . english : chattering lory . . . dutch : molukkenlori , rode geelmantellori . . . german : gelbmantellori . . . french : lori de moluques
lorius lory erythrothorax salvadori 1877 ann . mus . civ . stor . nat . genova 10 p . 32
the primary food items of the chattering lory are thought to be nectar and / or pollen , with local reports of feeding on coconut flowers along the coast , although fruits and maize are also included in the diet ( 6 ) .
the chattering lory’s calls are described as loud , nasal , and quivery . it also makes braying sounds . its territorial calls while perched are raucous , two - syllable horn - like notes emitted singly or repeated two or three times .
lorius lory salvadorii meyer , ab 1891 abh . ber . mus . dresden 3 no . 4 p . 6
chattering lory - information - chattering lory - information description 12 inches ( 30cm ) . glowing , deep red overall . wings and thighs brown - green . front edge of wing and underwing coverts yellow , primaries grey underneath with reddish band . uppertail brown - green with blue tips . eyes yellowish - brown to red , beak orange , legs charcoal . immatures have brown beaks and dark brown irises . no visible means of distinguishing sexes . natural distribution moluccan islands of indonesia . more
forms a species - group with l . domicella , l . lory and l . hypoinochrous . three subspecies recognized .
chattering lory in a free flight aviary shortly after consuming fruit from a visitor . credit : © steve milpacher photos photos videovideo 1 enewsletter signup for email updates did you know ? up to 70 % of a lory or lorikeet ' s day is spent foraging for food . this bird will fly up to 30 miles in a day to find a food source . more
endemic to north maluku , indonesia , where it is known from morotai , rau , halmahera , widi , ternate , bacan , obi ( 5 ) and possibly kasiruta and obilatau . the chattering lory has also been released on sangihe , north of sulawesi ( 6 ) .
lorius lory jobiensis ( meyer , ab ) 1874 sitz . k . akad . wiss . wien 70 p . 229 , 231
the chattering lory mostly has a brilliant red plumage , with dull green thighs and wings , and a dark green tip to the tail . sometimes there are traces of yellow spotting on the mantle , with the amount varying between the three subspecies . the bend of . . . more
birdlife international ( 2008 ) . lorius lory . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . downloaded on 23 december 2009 .
the chattering lory consumes a mostly liquid diet , which results to its mainly liquid poop . since it can be playful and at times naughty , it loves to shoot its poop to great distances . it is energetic and needs a roomy bird cage as well as plenty of out - of - cage playtime .
the chattering lory typically nests in holes 20 to 25 metres up in very tall trees ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . the breeding season is thought to last from around june to november , possibly longer . in captivity , two eggs are laid per clutch and the nestling period lasts around 76 days ( 2 ) .
this is chiefly a canopy species most commonly found in primary lowland and montane forest up to 1 , 050 metres above sea level , although the chattering lory is tolerant of logged forest and has been recorded from mature secondary woodland next to cultivated lands , occasionally visiting coconut plantations and gardens ( 2 ) ( 5 ) .
the chattering lory is not a shy species and is intense in general . it is a good talker and possesses great imitative abilities . it could be bubbly and enthusiastic , while encouraging play when its favorite human is around . playtime is very important for this species and this need should be indulged as often as possible .
if the chattering lory has any drawback at all , it might be the call . it is a loud nasal whistle , and although it is not as irritating as some of the other lories , the sound travels great distances . chattering lories may not be the best choice for an apartment . they become loud in the morning shortly after sunrise and in the evening before the lights are turned off . during noisy periods they can rival amazons in consistency and quality of their noise output . more
lorius lory cyanauchen ( muller , s ) 1841 verh . nat . gesch . [ temminck ] land - volk . no . 4 p . 107 , note
there is a sub - species , the yellow - backed lory , l . g . flavopalliatus , which has a patch of yellow on the mantle ( back ) .
if the chattering lory has any drawback at all , it might be the call . it is a loud nasal whistle , and although it is not as irritating as some of the other lories , the sound travels great distances . chattering lories may not be the best choice for an apartment . they become loud in the morning shortly after sunrise and in the evening before the lights are turned off . during noisy periods they can rival amazons in consistency and quality of their noise output . however , generally they amuse themselves with soft mutterings , trills and whistles .
wild lories sleep in the nests year round . your pet lory can be provided with a commercial next box . you can make a suitable nest from a clean , quart - sized plastic bottle . cut the opening to enlarge the entrance . for a larger lory , purchase a plastic “mini - crate” from a variety store . either of these can be wired into the upper portion of the cage . although a pet lory may not sleep in a new “nest” right away , the bird won’t hesitate to look into it once it’s installed .
because its diet of nectar and fruit is highly perishable , the most common sickness that the chattering lory is often associated with is bacterial infection due to food spoilage . to ensure that your bird pet won’t get sick , its liquid food must be changed and replenished often , especially during warm weather when food easily becomes rotten . it should also be provided with clean fresh water regularly .
up to 70 % of a lory or lorikeet ' s day is spent foraging for food . they will fly up to 30 miles in a day to find a food source .
a lory that is left alone too often will develop behavior disorders and may begin to self - mutilate . because it is so excitable and intelligent , it is also often nippy and will tend to bite out of excitement or fear , especially when it is being returned to its cage . it is constantly busy , lively and chatty . it makes varied sounds , thus the name “chattering lory” was given . if taught properly , it can learn to talk , but it tends to express itself with a high - pitched shrill that might catch the attention of nearby neighbors .
the chattering lory is a forest - dwelling parrot endemic to north maluku , indonesia . it is most commonly found in primary lowlands and montane forests , but it is ocasionally seen visiting coconut plantations and other cultivated lands . as all lories , they feed mainly on pollen and nectar . the above picture was taken in the attica zoological park , athens , greece , in june 2007 . more
the chattering lory love to bathe in a suitable water bowl or under a sprinkler . non toxic leafy branches can be placed in the aviary for the birds to chew up . this will entertain the birds , help minimize boredom and give the birds some beak exercise . natural branches can be used for perches . these natural perches will be chewed by the birds and may need to be replaced regularly . more
it has three sub - species namely : lorius garrulus garrulous , lorius garrulus flavopalliatus , and lorius garrulus morotaianus . the race l orius garrulus flavopalliatus is known as the yellow - backed lory .
the yellow backed chattering lory at wingham wildlife park can be found in the tropical house . it shares it’s exhibit with several other other bird species such as lorikeets ( black winged , goeldi and rainbow ) , finches , blue crowned pigeons , speckled mouse birds and eclectus parrots . in the spring and summer this is a particularly beautiful walk through , indoor planted area where the free flying birds can fly overhead .
when choosing a cage for your lory , keep in mind that width is more beneficial than height . birds must be able to spread their wings and still have room for their toys . your lory’s cage should be at least 18 inches by 18 inches by 22 inches high . the cage should also be easy to clean ; in fact , it’s best if they can be hosed down .
collar , n . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . chattering lory ( lorius garrulus ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the chattering lory has undergone dramatic declines due to habitat loss and human exploitation for the cage - bird trade ( 5 ) . reputedly a good talker with strong imitative abilities , this bird is one of the most important in domestic trade in indonesia and amongst the most exported ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . trapping pressure is very high , with a minimum of 9 , 600 individuals estimated to be caught in 1991 ( 2 ) . more
the chattering lory ( lorius garrulus ) mostly has a brilliant red plumage , with dull green thighs and wings , and a dark green tip to the tail ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . sometimes there are traces of yellow spotting on the mantle ( 2 ) ( 5 ) , with the amount varying between the three subspecies ( 4 ) . the bend of the wing and underwing - coverts are also yellow and the bill is orange , darker at the base ( 2 ) .
because they are highly intelligent birds , they require a stimulating environment with several toys . chattering lories enjoy their toys , but toys do not have to be anything fancy . a paper bag or an empty toilet paper roll are as much fun for them as a purchased toy . they also enjoy a variety of toys like bells , wooden blocks , swings and mirrors . when choosing a toy , choose one intended for small parrots or conures and not for cockatiels or parakeets , since flimsy toys will be destroyed by an enthusiastic lory .
species : scientific : lorius garrulus flavopalliatus aka domicella garrulus flavopalliatus . . . english : yellow - backed lory . . . dutch : geelmantellori . . . german : prachtgelbmantellori . . . french : lori à dos jaune . . . cites ii - endangered species
the chattering lory is a forest - dwelling parrot native to north maluku , indonesia . it measures up to 30 cm or 12 inches long and weighs up to 180 - 250 grams . generally , it has a brilliant red plumage with an all - red head and an orange beak . the wings are mainly green and the angle of the wing is yellow . its thighs are dull green . its tail is tipped with dark green . it has dark grey legs . sometimes , it has traces of yellow on its back depending on the sub - species .
species : scientific : lorius garrulus morotaianus aka domicella garrulus morotaianus . . . english : morotai yellow - backed lory . . . dutch : morotai geelmantellori . . . german : morotai gelbmantellori . . . french : lori de morotai . . . cites ii - endangered species
these are amongst the better talking lory species and perhaps one of the smartest at escaping or just being all around trouble makers . they have great personalities and are always up to mischief . food and water bowls must be attached to the cage , and even then they will likely become toys !
chattering lories are quite hardy and make wonderful pets . they are affectionate and must have daily playtime with their owners . they love to use their owners as human perches . they will hang upside down , right side up and any other way they can . meanwhile , they will investigate every crevice on their owner with their brush tongues .
the chattering lory has undergone dramatic decline due to habitat loss and human exploitation for the cage - bird trade . because of its admirable qualities , it is one of the most important species in the domestic trade in indonesia and among the most exported . trapping pressure is very high , with a minimum of 9 , 600 individuals estimated to be caught in 1991 . before the 1990s , forests within this species’ range were largely intact , but intense logging has taken its toll on the landscape . with the creation of logging roads greatly facilitating access for trappers , this problem escalated . today , illegal trade is greatly curbed and the species has been thriving in number .
the chattering lory has undergone dramatic declines due to habitat loss and human exploitation for the cage - bird trade ( 5 ) . reputedly a good talker with strong imitative abilities , this bird is one of the most important in domestic trade in indonesia and amongst the most exported ( 2 ) ( 5 ) . trapping pressure is very high , with a minimum of 9 , 600 individuals estimated to be caught in 1991 ( 2 ) . before the 1990s , forests within this bird’s range were largely intact , but intensive logging has since taken its toll on the landscape , with the creation of logging roads greatly facilitating access for trappers , exacerbating this problem ( 5 ) .
chattering lories are active and clingy with their owners , and spend much of their days playing inside their cages . they are not ordinarily aggressive , and not very destructive , as their beaks are very soft . lories are known to play on their backs and hang upside - down in their cages . they are very messy , but their outgoing personality more than makes up for it .
when you first see a lory , you are likely to think of a small parrot . however , their most distinguishing physical characteristic is the structure of their tongues , which have long papillae . these fuzzy appendages resemble a pom - pom and form a u - shape at the tip of the tongue . they are erected when the tongue is fully distended and they allow lories to collect pollen from flowers . lories also have a unique beak structure : the upper mandible is much narrower and has a more pointed tip than other members of the parrot family .
in the wild , lories eat a varied diet of pollen , nectar , fruits , berries , seeds , leaf buds and insects . at home , the ideal diet for lories is a pelleted diet , but it should also be supplemented with fresh fruits and vegetables to add variety and a commercial lory nectar . try offering chopped dark green and yellow vegetables and a variety of fresh fruits as well as protein foods like mature legumes , hard cooked chopped egg and grated cheese . many lories enjoy a treat from the dinner table such as pasta , potatoes and rice .
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psilopsiagon aurifrons aurifrons ( lesson ) 1830 cent . zool . p . 63 pl . 18
psilopsiagon aurifrons margaritae ( berlioz & dorst ) 1956 ois . rev . franceorn . ( n . s . ) 26 p . 85
psilopsiagon aurifrons robertsi carriker 1933 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 85 p . 4
psilopsiagon aurifrons rubrirostris ( burmeister ) 1860 j . orn . 8 no . 46 p . 243
bolborhynchus lineola ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372
bolborhynchus lineola lineola ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372
bolborhynchus lineola tigrinus ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 144
bolborhynchus orbygnesius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 63 , 64 nomenclature
nannopsittaca panychlora ( salvin & godman ) 1883 ibis p . 211 pl . 9 fig . 1
nannopsittaca dachilleae o ' neill , munn & franke 1991 auk 108 p . 225 , 226
myiopsitta monachus calita ( jardine & selby ) 1830 ill . orn . 2 pt6 pl . 82 , text [ p . 61 ]
myiopsitta monachus cotorra ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 362
brotogeris sanctithomae sanctithomae ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 81
brotogeris sanctithomae takatsukasae neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 442
brotogeris tirica ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 351
brotogeris chiriri ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 359
brotogeris chiriri behni neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 443
brotogeris chiriri chiriri ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 359
brotogeris pyrrhoptera ( latham ) 1802 suppl . ind . orn . p . xxii
brotogeris jugularis exsul todd 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 129
brotogeris jugularis jugularis ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 80
brotogeris cyanoptera ( pelzeln ) 1870 orn . brasil . abth . 3 p . 260 citation
brotogeris cyanoptera beniensis gyldenstolpe 1941 ark . zool . 33a no . 12 p . 9
brotogeris cyanoptera cyanoptera ( pelzeln ) 1870 orn . brasil . abth . 3 p . 260 citation
brotogeris chrysoptera ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149
brotogeris chrysoptera chrysoptera ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 149
brotogeris chrysoptera solimoensis gyldenstolpe 1941 ark . zool . 33a no . 12 p . 10
brotogeris chrysoptera tenuifrons friedmann 1945 proc . biol . soc . wash . 58 p . 114
brotogeris chrysoptera tuipara ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 348
triclaria malachitacea ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 40 pl . 28
pyrilia haematotis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1860 pzs pt ( 28 ) 2 p . 300
pyrilia haematotis coccinicollaris ( lawrence ) 1862 ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 7 p . 475
pyrilia haematotis haematotis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1860 pzs pt ( 28 ) 2 p . 300
pyrilia pyrilia ( bonaparte ) 1853 compt . rend . 37 p . 807 , note
pyrilia pulchra ( berlepsch ) 1897 orn . monatsb . 5 no . 11 p . 175
pyrilia barrabandi ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 61
pyrilia barrabandi aurantiigena ( gyldenstolpe ) 1951 ark . zool . ( 2 ) 2 p . 14 , 67
pyrilia barrabandi barrabandi ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 61
pyrilia caica ( latham ) 1790 indexorn . 1 p . 128 no . 137
pyrilia aurantiocephala ( gaban - lima , r , raposo , ma & hofling , e ) 2002 auk 119 p . 815 , 816 systematics
pyrilia vulturina ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 62 systematics
hapalopsittaca amazonina ( des murs ) 1845 rev . zool . 8 p . 207
hapalopsittaca amazonina amazonina ( des murs ) 1845 rev . zool . 8 p . 207
hapalopsittaca amazonina theresae ( hellmayr ) 1915 verh . orn . ges . bayern 12 heft3 p . 214
hapalopsittaca amazonina velezi graves , gr & restrepo 1989 wilsonbull . 101 no . 3 p . 369 - 376 , front .
hapalopsittaca fuertesi ( chapman ) 1912 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 31 p . 143
hapalopsittaca melanotis melanotis ( lafresnaye ) 1847 rev . zool . 10 p . 67
hapalopsittaca melanotis peruviana ( carriker ) 1932 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 83 [
1931
] p . 455
pionus sordidus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99
pionus sordidus antelius todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 338
pionus sordidus corallinus bonaparte 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 148
pionus sordidus mindoensis chapman 1925 am . mus . novit . no . 187 p . 1
pionus sordidus ponsi aveledo & gines 1950 mem . soc . cien . nat . lasalle 10 no . 26 p . 60
pionus sordidus saturatus todd 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 81
pionus sordidus sordidus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99
pionus maximiliani ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72
pionus maximiliani lacerus heine 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 166 p . 265
pionus maximiliani maximiliani ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72
pionus maximiliani melanoblepharus ribeiro 1920 rev . mus . paulista 12 pt2 p . 61
pionus maximiliani siy souance 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 155
pionus seniloides ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73
pionus menstruus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 148
pionus menstruus menstruus ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 148
pionus menstruus reichenowi heine 1884 j . orn . 32 no . 166 p . 264 nomenclature
pionus menstruus rubrigularis cabanis 1881 j . orn . 29 no . 154 p . 222
pionus senilis ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 42 pl . 31 fig . 1
pionus chalcopterus ( fraser ) 1841 pzs [
1840
] pt8 no . 90 p . 59
graydidascalus brachyurus ( temminck & kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 72
alipiopsitta ( f . ) capparoz , r & pacheco 2006 rev . brasil . orn . 14 no . 2 p . 174
alipiopsitta xanthops ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 39 pl . 26
amazona festiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101
amazona festiva bodini ( finsch ) 1873 pzs pt2 p . 569 pl . 49
amazona festiva festiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101
amazona vinacea ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 77
amazona tucumana ( cabanis ) 1885 j . orn . 33 no . 170 p . 221
amazona pretrei ( temminck ) 1830 pl . col . livr . 83 pl . 492
amazona agilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 99
amazona albifrons ( sparrman ) 1788 mus . carls . fasc . 3 no . 52 pl . 52
amazona albifrons albifrons ( sparrman ) 1788 mus . carls . fasc . 3 no . 52 pl . 52
amazona albifrons nana miller , w 1905 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 21 p . 349
amazona albifrons saltuensis nelson 1899 proc . biol . soc . wash . 13 p . 26
amazona collaria ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102
amazona leucocephala ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100
amazona leucocephala bahamensis ( bryant , h ) 1867 proc . bostonsoc . nat . hist . 11 p . 65
amazona leucocephala hesterna bangs 1916 bull . mus . comp . zool . 60 p . 308
amazona leucocephala leucocephala ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 100
amazona vittata gracilipes† ridgway 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106
amazona autumnalis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102
amazona autumnalis autumnalis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102
amazona autumnalis lilacina lesson 1844 echomondesav . ( 2 ) 11 no . 30 col . 394 concept
amazona autumnalis salvini ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 271 , 300 pl . 7 fig . 3 citation
amazona diadema ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 43 pl . 32
amazona viridigenalis ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 371
amazona xantholora ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 83
amazona dufresniana ( shaw ) 1812 gen . zool . [ shaw ] 8 pt2 p . 513
amazona oratrix belizensis monroe , bl jr & howell , tr 1966 occ . pap . mus . zool . lsu no . 34 p . 18
amazona oratrix oratrix ridgway 1887 man . n . am . birds p . 587
amazona auropalliata ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135
amazona auropalliata auropalliata ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135
amazona auropalliata parvipes monroe , bl jr & howell , tr 1966 occ . pap . mus . zool . lsu no . 34 p . 8
amazona ochrocephala ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339 concept
amazona ochrocephala nattereri ( finsch ) 1865 j . orn . 12 [
1864
] no . 72 p . 411 citation
amazona ochrocephala ochrocephala ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339 concept
amazona ochrocephala panamensis ( cabanis ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 127 p . 349
amazona barbadensis ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 339
amazona aestiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101
amazona aestiva aestiva ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 101
amazona aestiva xanthopteryx ( berlepsch ) 1896 orn . monatsb . 4 no . 11 p . 173
amazona mercenarius ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 303 nomenclature
amazona mercenarius canipalliata ( cabanis ) 1874 j . orn . 22 no . 125 p . 105
amazona mercenarius mercenarius ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 303
amazona guatemalae virenticeps ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 269 , 280 citation
amazona kawalli grantsau & camargo 1989 rev . brasil . biol . 49 p . 1018 concept
amazona brasiliensis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102
amazona amazonica ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 147
amazona guildingii ( vigors ) 1837 pzs [
1836
] pt4 no . 45 p . 80
forpus ( m . ) boie , f 1858 j . orn . 6 no . 35 p . 363
forpus modestus ( cabanis ) 1849 reisenbrit . - guiana [ schomburgk ] 3 p . 727 nomenclature
forpus modestus modestus ( cabanis ) 1849 reisenbrit . - guiana [ schomburgk ] 3 p . 727 nomenclature
forpus modestus sclateri ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 86
forpus cyanopygius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157
forpus cyanopygius cyanopygius ( souance ) 1856 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 8 p . 157
forpus cyanopygius insularis ( ridgway ) 1888 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 10 p . 541
forpus passerinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 103
forpus passerinus cyanochlorus ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 31 concept
forpus passerinus cyanophanes ( todd ) 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 81
forpus passerinus deliciosus ( ridgway ) 1888 proc . u . s . natl . mus . 10 p . 533 , 545
forpus passerinus passerinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 103
forpus passerinus viridissimus ( lafresnaye ) 1848 rev . zool . 11 p . 172
forpus spengeli ( hartlaub ) 1885 pzs pt3 no . 40 p . 614 pl . 38 fig . 1 nomenclature
forpus xanthopterygius ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 38 pl . 34 fig . 1 nomenclature
forpus xanthopterygius flavescens ( salvadori ) 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 241 , 248 citation
forpus xanthopterygius flavissimus hellmayr 1929 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . zool . ser . 12 p . 446
forpus xanthopterygius xanthopterygius ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 38 pl . 34 fig . 1
forpus conspicillatus caucae ( chapman ) 1915 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 34 p . 383
forpus conspicillatus conspicillatus ( lafresnaye ) 1848 rev . zool . 11 p . 172
forpus conspicillatus metae borrero & hernandez - camacho 1961 noved . colomb . 1 no . 6 p . 431
forpus xanthops ( salvin ) 1895 novit . zool . 2 p . 19 pl . 2 fig . 2
pionites ( m . ) heine 1890 nomen . mus . heine . orn . [ heine & reichenow ] p . 231
pionites melanocephalus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102
pionites melanocephalus melanocephalus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102
pionites melanocephalus pallidus ( berlepsch ) 1890 j . orn . 37 [
1889
] no . 187 p . 317 citation
pionites leucogaster ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 70
pionites leucogaster leucogaster ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 70
pionites leucogaster xanthomerius ( sclater , pl ) 1858 pzs [
1857
] pt25 no . 343 p . 266
pionites leucogaster xanthurus todd 1925 proc . biol . soc . wash . 38 p . 113
deroptyus accipitrinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102
deroptyus accipitrinus accipitrinus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 102
pyrrhura ( f . ) bonaparte 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1 genus . 14
pyrrhura cruentata ( wied - neuwied ) 1820 reisebrasil . 1 p . 53 , 72
pyrrhura devillei ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73
pyrrhura frontalis ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 361
pyrrhura frontalis chiripepe ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 361
pyrrhura frontalis frontalis ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 361
pyrrhura lepida ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 642 concept
pyrrhura lepida anerythra neumann 1927 orn . monatsb . 35 no . 3 p . 89
pyrrhura lepida coerulescens neumann 1927 orn . monatsb . 35 no . 3 p . 89
pyrrhura lepida lepida ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 642 concept
pyrrhura perlata ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 35 pl . 20 concept
pyrrhura molinae ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73
pyrrhura molinae australis todd 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 82 citation
pyrrhura molinae flavoptera maijer , herzog , kessler , friggens & fjeldsa 1998 orn . neotrop . 9 p . 186
pyrrhura molinae hypoxantha ( salvadori & festa ) 1899 boll . mus . zool . anat . comp . torino
15
[ = 14 ] no . 363 p . 1 nomenclature
pyrrhura molinae molinae ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 73
pyrrhura molinae phoenicura ( schlegel ) 1864 mus . hist . pays - basrev . meth . crit . coll . livr . 5 no . 26 psittaci p . 26 concept
pyrrhura molinae restricta todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 333
pyrrhura leucotis ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 21 nomenclature
pyrrhura picta caeruleiceps todd 1947 ann . carnegiemus . nat . hist . 30 p . 337
pyrrhura picta picta ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75
pyrrhura picta subandina todd 1917 proc . biol . soc . wash . 30 p . 6
pyrrhura emma salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 212 , 217 pl . 1 citation
pyrrhura amazonum lucida arndt 2008 papageien [ arndt ] 21 p . 278 , 279
pyrrhura amazonum snethlageae joseph & bates , jm 2002 orn . neotrop . 13 p . 354
pyrrhura lucianii ( deville ) 1851 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 3 p . 211
pyrrhura roseifrons ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 42
pyrrhura roseifrons roseifrons ( gray , gr ) 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 42
pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana hocking , blake & joseph 2002 orn . neotrop . 13 p . 356
pyrrhura viridicata todd 1913 proc . biol . soc . wash . 26 p . 174
pyrrhura egregia ( sclater , pl ) 1881 ibis p . 130 pl . 4
pyrrhura egregia egregia ( sclater , pl ) 1881 ibis p . 130 pl . 4
pyrrhura egregia obscura zimmer & phelps , wh 1946 am . mus . novit . no . 1312 p . 1
pyrrhura melanura ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 36 pl . 22
pyrrhura melanura berlepschi salvadori 1891 cat . birdsbrit . mus . 20 p . 212 , 224 pl . 2 fig . 1 citation
pyrrhura melanura chapmani bond & meyer de schauensee 1940 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 92 p . 156
pyrrhura melanura melanura ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 36 pl . 22
pyrrhura melanura pacifica chapman 1915 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 34 p . 382
pyrrhura melanura souancei ( verreaux , j ) 1858 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 10 p . 437 pl . 12
pyrrhura orcesi ridgely & robbins 1988 wilsonbull . 100 no . 2 p . 174 , 175
pyrrhura albipectus chapman 1914 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 33 p . 319
pyrrhura rupicola rupicola ( tschudi ) 1844 arch . naturgesch . 10 p . 304
pyrrhura rupicola sandiae bond & meyer de schauensee 1944 not . nat . no . 138 p . 1
pyrrhura calliptera ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 72
pyrrhura hoematotis souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97
pyrrhura hoematotis hoematotis souance 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97
pyrrhura hoematotis immarginata zimmer & phelps 1944 am . mus . novit . no . 1270 p . 4
pyrrhura rhodocephala ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1871 pzs [
1870
] pt3 p . 787
pyrrhura hoffmanni ( cabanis ) 1861 sitz . ges . nat . freundeberlin [ no p . ]
pyrrhura hoffmanni gaudens bangs 1906 proc . biol . soc . wash . 19 p . 103
pyrrhura hoffmanni hoffmanni ( cabanis ) 1861 sitz . ges . nat . freundeberlin [ no p . ]
enicognathus ( m . ) gray , gr 1840 listgen . birds p . 51
enicognathus ferrugineus ferrugineus ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 75
enicognathus ferrugineus minor ( chapman ) 1919 bull . am . mus . nat . hist . 41 p . 323
enicognathus leptorhynchus ( king ) 1831 pzs pt1 no . 1 p . 14 concept
cyanoliseus patagonus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 367
cyanoliseus patagonus andinus dabbene & lillo 1913 an . mus . nac . hist . nat . buenosaires 24 p . 188 pl . 10
cyanoliseus patagonus patagonus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 367
anodorhynchus leari bonaparte 1856 naumannia 6 consp . psitt . inbeilag . no . 1
anodorhynchus glaucus† ( vieillot ) 1816 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 2 p . 259
rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha ( swainson ) 1827 philos . mag . n . s . 1 p . 439
rhynchopsitta terrisi moore , rt 1947 proc . biol . soc . wash . 60 p . 27
eupsittula nana astec ( souance ) 1857 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 9 p . 97
eupsittula nana nana ( vigors ) 1830 zool . j . 5 p . 273
eupsittula nana vicinalis bangs & penard , te 1919 bull . mus . comp . zool . 63 p . 24
eupsittula canicularis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98
eupsittula canicularis canicularis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98
eupsittula canicularis clarae ( moore , rt ) 1937 proc . biol . soc . wash . 50 p . 101
eupsittula canicularis eburnirostrum ( lesson , pa ) 1842 rev . zool . 5 p . 135
eupsittula aurea ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 329
eupsittula pertinax ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98
eupsittula pertinax aeruginosa ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98
eupsittula pertinax chrysogenys ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 72
eupsittula pertinax griseipecta ( meyer de schauensee ) 1950 not . nat . no . 221 p . 6
eupsittula pertinax lehmanni ( dugand ) 1943 caldasia 2 no . 7 p . 191
eupsittula pertinax margaritensis cory 1918 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . zool . ser . 13 pub . 197 p . 63
eupsittula pertinax ocularis ( sclater , pl & salvin ) 1865 pzs [
1864
] pt3 p . 367 citation
eupsittula pertinax paraensis ( sick ) 1959 j . orn . 100 p . 413
eupsittula pertinax pertinax ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 98
eupsittula pertinax surinama ( zimmer & phelps , wh ) 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1511 p . 1
eupsittula pertinax tortugensis ( cory ) 1909 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 220
eupsittula pertinax venezuelae ( zimmer & phelps , wh ) 1951 am . mus . novit . no . 1511 p . 6
eupsittula pertinax xanthogenia ( bonaparte ) 1850 consp . gen . av . 1 p . 1
eupsittula cactorum ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 82
eupsittula cactorum cactorum ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 82
eupsittula cactorum caixana ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 34 pl . 19 fig . 1
conuropsis carolinensis† ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97 status
conuropsis† carolinensis carolinensis† ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97
conuropsis† carolinensis ludoviciana† ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 347
aratinga weddellii ( deville ) 1851 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 3 p . 209
aratinga nenday ( vieillot ) 1823 tabl . encyc . meth . orn . 3 livr . 93 p . 1400
aratinga solstitialis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97
aratinga maculata ( statius muller ) 1776 natursyst . suppl . p . 74 nomenclature
aratinga jandaya ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 319
aratinga auricapillus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 20 nomenclature
aratinga auricapillus auricapillus ( kuhl ) 1820 novaactaacad . caes . leop . carol . 10 p . 20 nomenclature
aratinga auricapillus aurifrons spix 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 32 pl . 16 fig . 1
cyanopsitta spixii ( wagler ) 1832 abh . k . bay . akad . wiss . 1 p . 675
primolius couloni ( sclater , pl ) 1876 pzs pt1 p . 255 , fig .
primolius auricollis ( cassin ) 1853 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 6 p . 372
primolius maracana ( vieillot ) 1816 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 2 p . 260
ara ararauna ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96
ara militaris ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 139
ara militaris mexicanus ridgway 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106
ara militaris militaris ( linnaeus ) 1766 syst . nat . ed . 12 p . 139
ara ambiguus ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 65
ara ambiguus ambiguus ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 65
ara ambiguus guayaquilensis chapman 1925 am . mus . novit . no . 205 p . 2
ara macao ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96
ara macao cyanopterus wiedenfeld 1995 orn . neotrop . 5 [
1994
] no . 2 p . 99 citation
ara macao macao ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 96
ara chloropterus gray , gr 1859 listbirdsbrit . mus . pt3 sect . 2 p . 26 nomenclature
ara tricolor† ( bechstein ) 1811 allg . uebers . vogel [ latham ] 4 1 p . 64 pl . 1 nomenclature
ara severus ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97
leptosittaca ( f . ) berlepsch & stolzmann 1894 ibis p . 402 pl . 11
ognorhynchus icterotis ( massena & souance ) 1854 rev . mag . zool . ( 2 ) 6 p . 71
guaruba guarouba ( gmelin ) 1788 syst . nat . 1 pt1 p . 320 citation
diopsittaca nobilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97
diopsittaca nobilis cumanensis ( lichtenstein ) 1823 verz . doubl . zool . mus . berlin p . 6
diopsittaca nobilis longipennis neumann 1931 mitt . zool . mus . berlin 17 heft3 p . 441 citation
diopsittaca nobilis nobilis ( linnaeus ) 1758 syst . nat . ed . 10 p . 97
thectocercus acuticaudatus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 369
thectocercus acuticaudatus acuticaudatus ( vieillot ) 1818 nouv . dict . hist . nat . 25 [
1817
] p . 369
thectocercus acuticaudatus haemorrhous ( spix ) 1824 av . sp . nov . brasil . 1 p . 29 pl . 13
thectocercus acuticaudatus neoxenus ( cory ) 1909 fieldmus . nat . hist . pub . orn . ser . 1 p . 243
thectocercus acuticaudatus neumanni ( blake & traylor ) 1947 fieldianazool . 31 no . 21 p . 166
psittacara holochlorus ( sclater , pl ) 1859 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 4 p . 224
psittacara holochlorus brewsteri ( nelson ) 1928 proc . biol . soc . wash . 41 p . 154
psittacara holochlorus holochlorus ( sclater , pl ) 1859 ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 3 ) 4 p . 224
psittacara brevipes ( lawrence ) 1871 ann . lyc . nat . hist . n . y . 10 [
1874
] p . 14
psittacara rubritorquis ( sclater , pl ) 1887 pzs [
1886
] pt4 no . 35 p . 539 pl . 56
psittacara strenuus ( ridgway ) 1915 proc . biol . soc . wash . 28 p . 106
psittacara wagleri ( gray , gr ) 1845 gen . birds 2 pl . cii
psittacara wagleri transilis ( peters , jl ) 1927 proc . newengl . zool . cl . 9 p . 111
psittacara wagleri wagleri ( gray , gr ) 1845 gen . birds 2 pl . cii
psittacara frontatus ( cabanis ) 1846 faunaperuana [ tschudi ] orn . p . 272 , note
psittacara frontatus frontatus ( cabanis ) 1846 faunaperuana [ tschudi ] orn . p . 272 , note
psittacara frontatus minor ( carriker ) 1933 proc . acad . nat . sci . philadelphia 85 p . 3
psittacara mitratus chlorogenys ( arndt ) 2006 j . orn . 147 p . 74