synnoma is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily tortricinae of the family tortricidae .

it contains only one species , the rabbitbrush webbing moth ( synnoma lynosyrana ) , which is found in north america , including arizona .

the wingspan is 14 – 21 mm .

adults have gray-brown wings speckled with dark spots and often some whitish patches .

females do not fly .

there is one generation per year .

the larvae feed on chrysothamnus , ericameria and gutierrezia species .

the larvae create dense tents of silk mixed with food fragments , frass and cast skins .

they are grayish green .

synnoma

species synnoma lynosyrana - rabbitbrush webbing moth - hodges # 3746 - bugguide . net
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powell , j . a . & j . w . brown , 2012 . the moths of north america , fascicle 8 . 1 : p . 141 ; pl . f . 36 - 43 . order
powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 19 . 45f , 19 . 46m ; p . 155 . book review and ordering
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adult - body and legs are covered in short black and long white scales . males with pale ochreous yellow forewing and two diffuse , oblique , silvery white fasciae . hindwing dark gray brown . females dark gray with blue iridescence and scattered orange scales . hindwing dark gray . the wings of both sexes have a ruffled appearance , with many upraised scales .
southern montana , idaho , and eastern oregon to eastern california , arizona , and western texas .
adults fly from
september to october in the north , to november in southern california .
. an apparently disjunct population at the western edge of the mojave uses both plant genera .
late - instar larvae create a bundle of foliage tied up by tough silken shelters .
north - american torticidae thomas , lord walsingham . 1879 . illustrations of typical specimens of lepidoptera heterocera in the collection of the british museum . 4 .
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by t . m . gilligan 1 , j . baixeras 2 , j . w . brown 3 , and k . r . tuck 4
urltoken is pleased to offer the complete world catalogue of the tortricidae ( t @ rts ) ! this is a complete list of all world species , utilizing the world catalogue published in 2005 as the foundation for the database . version 3 . 0 of the online catalogue contains 15 , 099 records representing 10 , 883 species . more than 1 , 600 records have been updated from ver 2 . 0 ( jul , 2012 ) , and more than 3 , 000 records have been updated from the original catalogue . the database is completely searchable and contains photos of over 1 , 200 type specimens .
t @ rts will be updated regularly both with corrections from the original world catalogue and with additions since its publication . as such , these pages will serve as the most up to date information on current tortricid nomenclature . if you find any errors in the data presented here or have any questions / comments , please use the contact form to send the authors an email .
we are indebted to all of the original authors of the world catalogue ( j . w . brown , j . baixeras , r . brown , m . horak , f . komai , e . metzler , j . razowski , and k . tuck ) for providing the basis for this project . we would also like to thank the dozens of individuals who have provided corrections or updates to the database since it was first placed online in 2007 .
gilligan , t . m . , j . baixeras , j . w . brown & k . r . tuck . 2014 . t @ rts : online world catalogue of the tortricidae ( ver . 3 . 0 ) . urltoken
1 colorado state university , bioagricultural sciences and pest management , 1177 campus delivery , fort collins , co 80523 , usa 2 institut cavanilles de biodiversitat i biologia evolutiva , universitat de valencia , apartat oficial 2085 , 46071 valencia , spain 3 systematic entomology laboratory - usda [ retired ] , smithsonian institution , p . o . box 37012 , national museum of natural history , washington , dc 20013 , usa 4 curator - microlepidoptera [ retired ] , entomology department ( dc2 - 2n ) , natural history museum , cromwell road , london sw7 5bd , uk
unless noted , all images on these pages are copyright © 2003 - 14 by todd gilligan . please do not download , copy , print , or otherwise distribute any images from these pages without the permission of the author . contact form .
[ nacl ] ; hodges , 1983 check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico check list lep . am . n of mexico
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
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chelicorophium is a genus of amphipod crustaceans , comprising the following species : chelicorophium chelicorne ( g. o. sars , 1895 ) chelicorophium curvispinum ( g. o. sars , 1895 ) chelicorophium madrasensis ( nayar , 1950 ) chelicorophium maeoticum ( sowinsky , 1898 ) chelicorophium monodon ( g. o. sars , 1895 ) chelicorophium muconatum ( g. o. sars , 1895 ) chelicorophium nobile ( g. o. sars , 1895 ) chelicorophium robustum ( g. o. sars , 1895 ) chelicorophium sowinsky ( martynov , 1924 ) chelicorophium spinulosum ( g. o. sars , 1895 ) chelicorophium spongicolum ( welitchkovsky , 1914 ) chelicorophium villosus ( carausu , 1943 )

chelicorophium

chelicorophium curvispinum ( g . o . sars , 1895 ) – caspian mud shrimp
worms - world register of marine species - chelicorophium curvispinum ( g . o . sars , 1895 )
worms - world register of marine species - chelicorophium chelicorne ( g . o . sars , 1895 )
corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 accepted as chelicorophium curvispinum ( g . o . sars , 1895 )
vector : chelicorophium curvispinum most likely spread via shipping through the rivers and canals of central europe ( den hartog et al . , 1992 ; nehring & leuchs , 1999 ) ; jazdzewski & konopacka , 2000 ) .
lucy f ; minchin d ; holmes jmc ; sullivan m , 2004 . first records of the ponto - caspian amphipod chelicorophium curispinum ( sars , 1895 ) in ireland . irish naturalists journal , 27 : 461 - 464 .
classification in the dutch literature the speciessname corophium curvispinum is always used . bousefield & hoover ( 1977 ) split off 12 genera of the genus corophium ; 1 of these genera is chelicorophium ; mainly in ponto - caspic area occuring [ details ]
malyavin sa ; berezina na ; kvang dzh - sh , 2008 . on the record of chelicorophium curvispinum ( crustacea , amphipoda ) in the gulf of finland , baltic sea . zoologicheskiy zhurnal , 87 ( 6 ) : 643 - 649 .
prokop zm ; dunn am ; smith je ; grabowski m , 2006 . genetic diversity and microsporidian parasites in a ponto - caspian invader chelicorophium curvispinum . in : abstracts of the symposium
an evolutionary aspect of biological invasions
, fribourg , switzerland .
herkül k ; kotta j , 2007 . new records of the amphipods chelicorophium curvispinum , gammarus tigrinus , g . duebeni , and g . lacustris in the estonian coastal sea . proceedings of the estonian academy of sciences . biology and ecology , 56 : 290 - 296 .
riel mc van ; velde g der ; bij vaata a de , 2003 . pomphorynchus spec . ( acanthocephala ) uses the invasive amphipod chelicorophium curvispinum ( g . sars , 1895 ) as an intermediate host in the river rhine . crustaceana , 76 : 241 - 246 .
c . curvispinum can be confused with another congener currently spreading in europe – chelicorophium sowinskyi . these two species , however , differ morphologically , and the differences can be seen in both sexes , but in different appendages or in different parts of appendages . in general , c . sowinskyi is a more hairy form , a character that is especially prominent in males . a detailed comparison of distinguishing features of c . curvispinum and c . sowinskyi can be found in jazdzewski and konopacka ( 1996 ) . a uk identification guide to invasive freshwater shrimps and isopods includes species present in the uk and others that are invasive across europe ( dobson , 2012 ) .
alien species the origin of the caspian mud shrimp chelicorophium curvispinum is in rivers that flow into the caspian and black sea . the species is found in fresh to light brackish waters . specimens of this species life in tubes which they use to attach themselves to rocks or pontoons , on which they form colonies . as the caspian mud shrimp can also attach these tubes to ship hulls , it is likely that the species spread to west and north europe via inland shipping . the first belgian report of the species dates from 1981 , in the river meuse in huy . as the species has a high tolerance for pollution and grows quickly in european rivers like the rhine , it can out - compete vulnerable species . [ details ]
bousfield , e . l . ; hoover , p . m . ( 1997 ) . the amphipod superfamily corophioidea on the pacific coast of north america . part v . family corophiidae : corophiinae , new subfamily . systematics and distributional ecology . amphipacifica . 2 ( 3 ) : 67 - 139 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
horton , t . ; lowry , j . ; de broyer , c . ; bellan - santini , d . ; coleman , c . o . ; corbari , l . ; daneliya , m . ; dauvin , j - c . ; fišer , c . ; gasca , r . ; grabowski , m . ; guerra - garcía , j . m . ; hendrycks , e . ; hughes , l . ; jaume , d . ; jazdzewski , k . ; kim , y . - h . ; king , r . ; krapp - schickel , t . ; lecroy , s . ; lörz , a . - n . ; mamos , t . ; senna , a . r . ; serejo , c . ; sket , b . ; souza - filho , j . f . ; tandberg , a . h . ; thomas , j . ; thurston , m . ; vader , w . ; väinölä , r . ; vonk , r . ; white , k . ; zeidler , w . ( 2018 ) . world amphipoda database .
sars , g . o . ( 1895 ) . crustacea caspia . contributions to the knowledge of the carcinological fauna of the caspian sea . part iii . amphipoda . gammaridae ( concluded ) . corophiidae . bulletin de l ' academie imperiale des sciences de st . petersbourg . part 3 no . 3 , pp . 277 - 314 , 24 plates . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
distribution occurs in fresh and brackish water , notoccuring in the brackish water of the westerschelde and the zeeuwse eilanden .
distribution occurs in fresh and brackish water , notoccuring in the brackish water of the westerschelde and the zeeuwse eilanden . [ details ]
( of corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) sars , g . o . ( 1895 ) . crustacea caspia . contributions to the knowledge of the carcinological fauna of the caspian sea . part iii . amphipoda . gammaridae ( concluded ) . corophiidae . bulletin de l ' academie imperiale des sciences de st . petersbourg . part 3 no . 3 , pp . 277 - 314 , 24 plates . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
faasse , m . ; van moorsel , g . ( 2000 ) . nieuwe en minder bekende vlokreeftjes van sublitorale harde bodems in het deltagebied ( crustacea : amphipoda : gammaridea ) [ new and lesser - known amphipods of hard substrates in the delta area of the netherlands ( crustacea : amphipoda : gammaridea ) ] . ned . faunist . meded . 11 : 19 - 44 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) lincoln , r . j . ( 1979 ) . british marine amphipoda : gammaridea . british museum ( natural history ) : london , uk . isbn 0 - 565 - 00818 - 8 . vi , 658 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) bellan - santini , d . ; costello , m . j . ( 2001 ) . amphipoda . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels 50 : pp . 295 - 308 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) streftaris , n . ; zenetos , a . ; papathanassiou , e . ( 2005 ) . globalisation in marine ecosystems : the story of non - indigenous marine species across european seas . oceanogr . mar . biol . ann . rev . 43 : 419 - 453 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
maris , t . ; beauchard , o . ; van damme , s . ; van den bergh , e . ; wijnhoven , s . ; meire , p . ( 2013 ) . referentiematrices en ecotoopoppervlaktes annex bij de evaluatiemethodiek schelde - estuarium studie naar “ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index” . monitor taskforce publication series , 2013 - 01 . nioz : yerseke . 35 pp . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
delivering alien invasive species inventories for europe ( daisie ) ( from synonym corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) delivering alien invasive species inventories for europe ( daisie ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 27 publications ) ( from synonym corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) to encyclopedia of life to information system on aquatic non - indigenous and cryptogenic species ( aquanis ) ( from synonym corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) to information system on aquatic non - indigenous and cryptogenic species ( aquanis ) to marine species identification portal ( from synonym corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) to niet - inheemse soorten belgisch deel noordzee en aanpalende estuaria ( in dutch ) to pesi ( from synonym corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 ) to pesi to usnm invertebrate zoology arthropoda collection ( 2 records ) ( from synonym corophium curvispinum g . o . sars , 1895 )
( of corophium chelicorne g . o . sars , 1895 ) sars , g . o . ( 1895 ) . crustacea caspia . contributions to the knowledge of the carcinological fauna of the caspian sea . part iii . amphipoda . gammaridae ( concluded ) . corophiidae . bulletin de l ' academie imperiale des sciences de st . petersbourg . part 3 no . 3 , pp . 277 - 314 , 24 plates . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
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is known to build mud tubes on stony substrates , often resulting in change of the physical structure of bottom relief ( so called “corophiid grounds” ) . this may promote some epifaunal species ( other amphipods , chironomids , oligochaetes , leeches , etc . ) , and also inhibit lithophilic organisms ( e . g . ,
from material collected in the caspian sea . a new name for this species (
, who found a “new” corophiid in the havel - spree system near berlin . however , it soon became apparent that
, who re - examined the original material of g . o . sars and concluded that
as with other gammarids , c . curvispinum has a typical laterally compressed , arched , and grey - yellow body of up to 7 mm in length ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ) . prominent morphological features of this species include :
juvenile individuals resemble adults , but are much smaller in size . detailed descriptions of
the distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available . when several references are cited , they may give conflicting information on the status . further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can be selected by going to generate report .
drava river near molve , novo virje , karaska , luka , kriznica , donji miholjac and sarvas . sava river near stara gradiska , davor , slavonski brod , slavonski samac , zupanja and gunja . danube river near baltina , aljmas , dalj and sarengrad . kupa river near petrinja
wundsch , 1912 ; schellenberg , 1942 ; nesemann et al . , 1995 ; haas et al . , 2002 ; riel et al . , 2006
muskó , 1994 ; nesemann et al . , 1995 ; muskó et al . , 2007
meuse river close to the st . andries canal , which connects the rivers waal and meuse , meuse river near grave , close to the meuse - waal canal , lake ijsselmeer , rhine river delta , waal river near nijmegen , ijssel river near kampen
jazdzewski and konopacka , 1996 ; konopacka , 2004 ; jazdzewski et al . , 2005 ; grabowski et al . , 2007
osadchikh , 1977 ; mordukhaj - boltovskoj , 1978 ; jazdzewski and konopacka , 1996 ; malyavin et al . , 2008
lubyanov and fatovenko , 1967 ; lubyanov et al . , 1967 ; bortkevich , 1987 ; pligin , 2005 ; silaeva and protasov , 2005
c . curvispinum is native to the lower reaches of large rivers discharging into the black sea and caspian sea ( dedju , 1967 ; vaate et al . , 2002 ; jazdzewski and konopacka , 2002 ) . its initial spread into the baltic sea and north sea drainage systems likely occurred in the second half of the nineteenth century through the canals connecting the dnieper , vistula , oder and elbe basins ( vaate et al . , 2002 ; jazdzewski and konopacka , 2002 ; karatayev et al . , 2008 ) . the earliest report of c . curvispinum in europe was in the spree - havel system near berlin in 1912 . in 1914 , it was recorded from belarus ( wolski , 1930 ) , and then in 1920s from poland ( jazdzewski and konopacka , 2002 ) ; however , in both of these countries c . curvispinum was probably established well before its discovery . through the oginskiy canal that linked the dnieper river ( black sea basin ) with the neman river ( baltic sea basin ) , c . curvispinum dispersed to lithuania , where it was found in was found in 1921 ( gasiunas , 1964 ) . however , it may have colonized the lithuanian section of neman long before , sometime during the nineteenth century . by this time it may have also been present in the belarusian part of this river ( karatayev et al . , 2008 ) . the species reached the coastal waters of the baltic sea via the vistula and neman rivers ( baltic sea alien species database , 2009 ) .
from poland , c . curvispinum expanded its range further westward via the canals of northern germany , with records from the spree - havel river system near berlin in 1912 ( wundsch , 1912 ) , the mittelland canal in 1956 , the dortmund - ems canal in 1977 ( herbst and bäthe , 1993 ) , and then from the lower rhine river in the netherlands in 1987 ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ) . in 1981 , c . curvispinum was found in the belgian part of the river meuse , and in 1990 in the dutch part of this river ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ) . the species is common along the whole river meuse ( josens et al . , 2005 ) . in 1991 , c . curvispinum was also documented to have extended its dutch distribution from the lower river rhine to several interconnected canals and lake ijsselmeer ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ) .
the first records of c . curvospinum in the middle danube river ( hungary ) were made as early as the beginning of the twentieth century ( muskó , 1994 ; žganec et al . , 2009 ) . further spread of c . curvispinum in the river occurred on the opening of the main - danube canal ( 1992 ) which facilitated the second wave of invasion of this species into the north sea basin .
in 2009 , c . curvispinum is likely the most widespread ponto - caspian species in continental europe . beyond the continent , this amphipod has also been recorded in the united kingdom in the 1930s ( crawford , 1935 ) , and in ireland in 2001 ( lucy et al . , 2004 ) . in the near future , c . curvispinum may also invade north america ( ricciardi and rasmussen , 1998 ) .
brink et al . ( 1993 ) ; josens et al . ( 2005 )
native to the lower section of the dnieper river , ukraine . shipping activity has spread it to upper sections of the river
the spread of dikerogammarus villosus across europe has been facilitated by construction of the interbasin canals , in particular the dnieper - bug canal , dnieper - neman canal , and the main - danube canal ( vaate et al . , 2002 ; karatayev et al . , 2008 ) . common mechanisms of dispersal this species include its active migration and transportation along with boats and ships ( vaate et al . , 2002 ) . using these pathways , c . curvispinum has also become widely distributed in europe . the most likely region to be invaded by this amphipod in the near future is north america ( ricciardi and rasmussen , 1998 ) .
c . curvispinum inhabits hard surfaces such as rocks , wood , submerged vegetation and bivalve shells ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ; mastitsky and makarevich , 2007 ) . it is common in rivers , estuaries and other areas of brackish water . the highest densities of this species have been reported from riverine habitats with rocky substrates . in addition , there is a positive correlation between the density of c . curvispinum and such factors as water velocity and concentration of phytoplankton ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ) .
on a sample of a population from the lower river rhine , the netherlands . the authors found
to reproduce from april to september , i . e . during the warmest period of the year . the population was always dominated by females , resulting in a sex ratio below 1 . ovigerous females could be observed at temperatures as low as 12
c ( april ) . the number of eggs per female varied from 3 to 34 ( 12 on average ) , with larger females carrying more eggs . the first juveniles were collected in the early may , indicating that embryonal development lasted for about two weeks . in total , three generations were produced from april to september , a pattern in agreement with observations from the native range of
suggested that fecundity of this species may positively correlate with the availability of food ( phytoplankton ) .
c . curvispinum is an active filter feeder that especially benefits from high concentrations of phytoplankton in large rivers ( van der velde et al . , 1998 ) .
) , this can be explained by long co - evolution of these species in their native ponto - caspian basin . the shells of the dreissenids provide
with a good solid substrate for building its mud tubes . these tubes , in turn , often become populated with other gammarids ( including the exotic
< 6 preferred ; 6 tolerated ( van den brink et al . , 1993 )
lower limt of < 0 . 1 and upper limit of 200 tolerated ( van den brink et al . , 1993 )
is readily consumed by fish . this amphipod has been documented in the field as a food item of at least 12 fish species , 8 of which were reported from the introduced range of
are extremely scarce , with data from its native range completely lacking . in its introduced range ,
shipping has been identified as the primary vector for accidental introductions of d . villosus over large distances ( crawford , 1935 ; vaate et al . , 2002 ; jazdzewski and konopacka , 2002 ) .
intentional introductions of c . curvispinum , though possible , have not been reported .
crawford , 1935 ; jazdzewski and konopacka , 2002 ; vaate et al . , 2002
is one of the most successful invaders of european fresh and brackish waters . rapid growth rate , early maturation , ability to produce up to three generations per year , and high fecundity allowed this species to form extremely high densities in a number of invaded waterbodies ( van den
is also known as an ecological engineer due to its ability to build mud tubes on hard substrates . for example , in 1989 , the population density of this amphipod in the middle and lower sections of the river rhine was so high that its silty tubes covered all available hard surfaces . in addition , these surfaces became totally covered by fine matter removed by the animals from the water column as a result of their filtering activity . this chain of events affected other epilithic species , which became devoid of a substrate to colonize . the zebra mussel ,
c . curvispinum does not possess any economic value or social benefits . it is not used in environmental services .
. juveniles are harder to identify as most of the specific morphological features in such individuals are underdeveloped . the amphipods can be collected using standard nets used for benthic sampling ( e . g . , rectangular dipnet ) .
a number of open - access internet databases and thematic websites can be used as the early warning systems since they provide maps of the current distribution of c . curvispinum in europe , as well as georeferenced information on the recent findings of this amphipod . examples of such websites are as follows :
daisie database on alien species in europe urltoken aquatic invaders of belarus : alien species database ( http : / / www . aliensinbelarus . com ) website of the online journal ‘aquatic invasions’ ( http : / / www . aquaticinvasions . net )
there are no ecologically sound measures for eradication of c . curvispinum on a waterbody - wide scale .
there are no specific monitoring programmes aimed at early detection and tracking of c . curvispinum .
there are several significant gaps and uncertainties in the current understanding of the biology and ecology of c . curvispinum , including :
amphipods of romania i . gammarids of caspian type . ( amphipodes de roumanie i . gammaridés de type caspien ) institutul de cercetari pisciole al româniei monografia i bucuresti .
arbaciauskas k , 2008 . amphipods of the nemunas river and the curonian lagoon , the baltic sea basin : where and which native freshwater amphipods persist ? acta zoologica lituanica , 18 : 10 - 16 .
baltic sea alien species database , 2009 . baltic sea alien species database . available at : urltoken
bortkevich lv , 1987 . ecology and production of corophium curvispinum g . sars in the estuary areas of rivers in the northwestern black sea area . gidrobiologicheskiy zhurnal , 23 : 91 - 93 .
bousfield el ; hoover pm , 1997 . the amphipod superfamily corophioidea on the pacific coast of north america . part v . family corophiidae . corophiinae new subfamily . systematic and distributional ecology . amphipacifica , 2 ( 3 ) : 67 - 139 .
brink fwb den ; velde g der ; bij vaate a de , 1991 . amphipod invasion on the rhine . nature , 352 : 576 .
brink fwb den ; velde g der ; bij vaate a de , 1993 . ecological aspects , explosive range extension and impact of a mass invader , corophium curvispinum sars , 1895 ( crustacea : amphipoda ) , in the lower rhine ( the netherlands ) . oecologia , 93 : 224 - 232 .
crawford gi , 1935 . corophium curvispinum g . sars var . devium wundsch , in england . nature , 136 : 685 .
dedju ii , 1967 . amphipods and mysids of the basins of rivers dniester and prut . russia : nauka press .
devin s ; piscart c ; beisel j - n ; moreteau jc , 2003 . ecological traits of the amphipod invader dikerogammarus villosus on a mesohabitat scale . archiv für hydrobiologie , 158 : 43 - 56 .
dobson m , 2012 . identifying invasive freshwater shrimps and isopods . , uk : freshwater biological association , 30 pp . urltoken
eggers to ; martens a , 2001 . identification key for the freshwater amphipoda ( crustacea ) of germany . ( bestimmungsschlussel der susswasser - amphipoda ( crustacea ) deutschlands ) lauterbornia , 42 : 1 - 68 .
gasiunas ii , 1964 . representatives of the caspian fauna in the waterbodies of lithuania . in : abstracts of the xi scientific conference on studies of inland waters of the baltic sea region , 24 - 28 november 1964 , petrozavodsk , 66 - 67 .
grabowska j ; grabowski m , 2005 . diel - feeding activity in early summer of racer goby neogobius gymnotrachelus ( gobiidae ) : a new invader in the baltic basin . journal of applied ichthyology , 21 : 282 - 286 .
grabowski m ; bacela k ; konopacka a , 2007 . how to be an invasive gammarid ( amphipoda : gammaroidea ) - comparison of life history traits . hydrobiologia , 590 : 75 - 84 .
grabowski m ; jazdzewski k ; konopacka a , 2007 . alien crustacea in polish waters - amphipoda . aquatic invasions , 2 : 25 - 38 .
haas g ; brunke m ; strei b , 2002 . fast turnover in dominance of exotic species in the rhine river determines biodiversity and ecosystem function : an affair between amphipods and mussels . in : invasive aquatic species of europe : distribution , impacts and management [ ed . by leppakoski e , gollasch s , olenin ] dordrecht , the netherlands : kluwer academic publishers , 426 - 432 .
herbst v ; bäthe j , 1993 . the current distribution of the genus corophium ( crustacea : amphipoda ) in the weser . ( die aktuelle verbreitung der gattung corophium ( crustacea : amphipoda ) in der weser ) lauterbornia , 13 : 27 - 35 .
jazdzewski k ; konopacka a , 1996 . remarks on the morphology , taxonomy and distribution of corophium curvispinum g . sars , 1985 and corophium sowinskyi martynov , 1924 ( crustacea , amphipoda , corophiidae ) . bollettino del museo civico di storia naturale di verona , 20 : 487 - 501 .
jazdzewski k ; konopacka a , 2002 . invasive ponto - caspian species in waters of the vistula and oder basins and the southern baltic sea . in : invasive aquatic species of europe : distribution , impacts and management [ ed . by leppäkoski e , gollasch s , olenin ] dordrecht , the netherlands : kluwer academic publishers , 384 - 398 .
jazdzewski k ; konopacka a ; grabowski m , 2005 . native and alien malacostracan crustacea along the polish baltic sea coast in the 20th century . oceanological and hydrobiological studies , 34 : 175 - 193 .
josens g ; vaate a bij de ; usseglio - polatera p ; cammaerts r ; cherot f ; grisez f ; verboonen p ; bossche jp vanden , 2005 . native and exotic amphipoda and other peracarida in the river meuse : new assemblages emerge from a fast changing fauna . hydrobiologia , 542 : 203 - 220 .
karatayev ay ; mastitsky se ; burlakova le ; olenin s , 2008 . past , current , and future of the central european corridor for aquatic invasions in belarus . biological invasions , 10 : 215 - 232 .
konopacka a , 2004 . invasive amphipods ( crustacea , amphipoda ) in polish waters . przeglad zoologiczny , xlviii : 141 - 162 .
lubyanov ip ; buzakova am ; gaydash yk , 1967 . changes in composition of macro - and microzoobenthos of the dneprovskoe reservoir after establishment of regulated run - off in the middle course of the dnieper river . in : hydrobiological regime of the dnieper river under conditions of regulated run - off [ ed . by vladimirova ks , zerov kk , melnichuk gl , olivari ga , tseeb yy ] kiev , : naukova dumka press , 167 - 175 .
lubyanov ip ; fatovenko ma , 1967 . first stages of formation of the bottom fauna of the dneprodzerzhinskoe reservoir . in : hydrobiological regime of the dnieper river under conditions of regulated run - off [ ed . by vladimirova ks , zerov kk , melnichuk gl , olivari ga , tseeb yy ] kiev , : naukova dumka press , 147 - 158 .
mastitsky se ; makarevich oa , 2007 . distribution and abundance of ponto - caspian amphipods in the belarusian section of the dnieper river . aquatic invasions , 2 ( 1 ) : 39 - 44 .
mordukhaj - boltovskoj fd , 1947 . on the taxonomic position of corophium devium wunsch . doklady akademii nauk sssr , 56 ( 4 ) : 437 - 440 .
mordukhaj - boltovskoj fd , 1978 . the composition and distribution of caspian fauna according to modern data . in : proceedings of the all - union hydrobiological society
elements of aquatic ecosystems
moscow , : nauka press , 100 - 139 .
muskó ib , 1992 . life history of corophium curvispinum g . sars ( crustacea , amphipoda ) living on macrophytes in lake balaton . hydrobiologia , 243 - 244 ( 1 ) : 197 - 202 .
muskó ib , 1994 . occurrence of amphipoda in hungary since 1853 . crustaceana , 66 : 144 - 152 .
muskó ib ; balogh c ; toth ap ; varga e ; lakatos g , 2007 . differential response of invasive malacostracan species to lake level fluctuations . hydrobiologia , 590 : 65 - 74 .
nesemann h ; pöcki m ; wittmann kj , 1995 . distribution of epigean malacostraca in the middle and upper danube ( hungary , austria , germany ) . miscellanea zoologica hungarica , 10 : 49 - 68 .
osadchikh vf , 1977 . the finding of cardiophilus baeri in the marsupium of corophiids ( amphipoda , gammaridae ) . zoologicheskiy zhurnal , 56 ( 1 ) : 156 - 158 .
paunovic mm ; jakovcev - todorovic dg ; simic vm ; stojanovic bd ; cakic pd , 2007 . macroinvertebrates along the serbian section of the danube river ( stream km 1429 - 925 ) . biologia , 62 : 214 - 221 .
pligin yv , 2005 . formation and current state of benthos in the kanevskoe reservoir . gidrobiologicheskiy zhurnal , 41 ( 5 ) : 24 - 44 .
pygott jr ; douglas s , 1989 . current distribution of corophium curvispinum sars var devium wundsch ( crustacea : amphipoda ) in britain with notes on its ecology in the shropshire union canal . naturalist , 114 : 15 - 17 .
ricciardi a ; rasmussen jb , 1998 . predicting the identity and impact of future biological invaders : a priority for aquatic resource management . canadian journal of aquatic and fisheries science , 55 : 1759 - 1765 .
riel mc van ; velde g van der ; rajagopal s ; marguillier s ; dehairs f ; vaate a bij de , 2006 . trophic relationships in the rhine food web during invasion and after establishment of the ponto - caspian invader dikerogammarus villosus . hydrobiologia , 565 : 39 - 58 .
sars go , 1895 . crustacea caspia . contributions to the knowledge ofthe carcinological fauna of the caspian sea . part iii . amphipoda . third article . gammaridae ( concluded ) . corophiidae . bulletin of the academy of st . - petersburg , ser . 5 , 3 : 275 - 314 .
schellenberg a , 1942 . the fauna of germany , 40 ( iv ) : sand - fleas or amphipoda . ( die tierwelt deutschlands , 40 ( iv ) : flohkrebse oder amphipoda ) jena , germany : gustav fischer .
silaeva aa ; protasov aa , 2005 . on cohabitation of alien species in periphyton and benthos . in : abstracts of the second international symposium
alien species in holarctic ( borok - 2 )
, borok , russia , 27 september - 1 october 2005 [ ed . by dgebuadze yy , slynko yv ] .
tischikov gm ; tischikov ig , 1999 . macrozoobenthos fauna in the middle and low berezina river . in : proceedings of the international conference on aquatic ecosystems
the results and future of aquatic ecology research
[ ed . by karatayev ay ] minsk , : belarusian state university press , 251 - 264 .
vaate a bij de ; jazdzewski k ; ketelaars ham ; gollash s ; velde g van der , 2002 . geographical patterns in range extension of ponto - caspian macroinvertebrate species in europe . canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 59 : 1159 - 1174 .
velde g der ; rajagopal s ; brink fwb den ; kelleher b ; paffen bgp ; kempers aj ; bij vaate a de , 1998 . ecological impact of an exotic invasion in the river rhine . in : new concepts for sustainable management of river basins [ ed . by nienhuis ph , leuven rsew , ragas amj ] leiden , netherlands : backhuys publishing , 159 - 169 .
wolski t , 1930 . [ english title not available ] . ( corophium curvispinum g . sars in der prypet und in den warschauer wasserleitungsanlagen ) fragmenta faunistica musei zoologici polonici , 1 ( 6 ) : 152 - 159 .
wundsch hh , 1912 . a new species of the genus corophium latr . from the müggelsee near berlin . ( eine neue species des genus corophium latr . aus dem müggelsee bei berlin ) zoologische anzeiger , 39 : 729 - 738 .
žganec k ; gottstein s ; hudina s , 2009 . ponto - caspian amphipods in croatian large rivers . aquatic invasions , 4 . doi 10 . 3391 / ai . 2009 . 4 . 2
belgium : service de systématique et d’écologie animales , université libre de bruxelles , av . roosevelt , 50 , cp 160 / 13 , b - 1050 bruxelles , urltoken
russian federation : institute of zoology , russian academy of sciences , universitetskaya emb . 1 , st . - petersburg , 199034 , urltoken
sergey mastitsky , belarusian state university , biology faculty , general ecology dept . , nezalezhnasti 4 ave . , 220030 minsk , belarus , russia
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the maximum length of this species is 9 - 10 mm , so correct identification to species level requires microscopic examination . the segments of the urosome are not fused . it has prominent spines on antennae 2 peduncle and on uropods , and also dense hairy setae on antennae and pereopods .
for further information see the marine species identification portal and främmande arter ( 2006 ) .
native area : ponto - caspian ( den hartog et al . , 1992 ) .
introduced area : in western europe this species occurs almost exclusively in freshwater and only rarely has it been found in oligohaline waters , such as in the netherlands ( wolff , 2005 ) , france ( bachmann et al . , 1995 ) and germany ( nehring & leuchs , 1999 ) . the earliest european record is from 1912 , when it was described as a new species , corophium devium ( nehring & leuchs , 1999 ) . it has apparently been introduced unsuccessfully to the u . k . a couple of times ( moon , 1970 ) , and now occurs there in freshwater . in the baltic sea area the first reports date back to the 1920s ( jazdzewski & konopacka , 2000 ) . it was recorded from the gulf of finland coast of estonia ( narva bay ) in 2005 ( kotta et al . , 2006 ) .
they construct mud tubes on hard substrates ( den hartog et al . , 1992 ) . in some places it is associated with benthic seaweeds ( kotta et al . , 2006 ) . densities can be extremely high , > 200 , 000 individuals per m² ( den hartog et al . , 1992 ; van den brink et al . , 1993 ) . they are suspension - feeders , filtering phytoplankton , especially diatoms , but also detritus particles . it tolerates salinities up to 6 ppt , and is nocturnal ( nehring & leuchs , 1999 ) . it prefers strong currents and is often associated with seaweeds ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ) . it is an important food item for several fish species ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ; nehring & leuchs , 1999 ) .
reproduction : there are three generations per year ; april - may , june - july and september - october . up to 34 embryos have been observed in one brood , depending on the size of the female ( den hartog et al . , 1992 ) . spawning begins when the temperature is above 12° c and brooding lasts about 2 weeks ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ) . native corophiid species have only two generations per year and may reproduced all year round ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ) .
its introduction to the river rhine caused dramatic ecological changes , such as a decrease in zebra mussel abundance . this is partly due to their filtration capacity , partly because their tubes form an unsuitable substrate for other organisms ( den hartog et al . , 1992 ) . it is even capable of covering zebra mussels with their tubes ( van den brink et al . , 1993 ; nehring & leuchs , 1999 ) .
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symmimetis kolopis is a moth in the geometridae family .

it is found on borneo .

the habitat consists of upper montane forests .

the length of the forewings is 10 – 11 mm .

adults are rufous brown with a paler , yellowish ground colour .

symmimetis kolopis

this is the place for kolopis definition . you find here kolopis meaning , synonyms of kolopis and images for kolopis copyright 2017 © urltoken
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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sabah : mt kinabalu , ' power station ' , 1930m . vii - ix . 1965 , cambridge expedition to mt kinabalu 1965
1 ( slide 18934 ) 10 ( slide 9099 ) as holotype ; 1 sabah : mt kinabalu , kamborangoh , 2110m , general data as holotype .
the forewing postmedials are rather rounded compared to their angular nature in the next two species , but examination of the genitalia is recommended .
the genitalia of the bornean female match those of specimens from the new guinea area that resemble the holotype of muscosa ( in anic , canberra ; examined but not dissected ) in facies . a possible male ( slide 10781 ) is too worn to make a useful facies comparison : no male from new guinea or australia was available for comparison . the strong spine in the male vesica may engage in the sclerotised spur on the bursa of the female . the type species , cristata , has somewhat similar facies and correspondence between the genitalia of the sexes , but with sufficient differences for the two taxa to be considered distinct , but sister - species .
the single female was taken at 150m in dipterocarp forest at the foot of g . mulu , and the male is also from lowland forest , at a boundary bank between alluvial and wet heath forest types .
prout , 1928 , insects samoa , 3 ( 3 ) : 145 , syn . n .
there is a marked contrast between the indigo - blackish forewings and the ochreous yellow - brown of the hindwings , stronger than in micrulia medioplaga swinhoe and m . catocalaria snellen , where the hindwing , of at least the females are browner . the transverse whitish medial line of the forewing is diagnostic .
the taxa brought into synonymy above are consistent in genitalia characters of both sexes throughout the wide geographical range : they are therefore best treated as races of a single species . the female paratypes of pacifica are misplaced with the holotype male and are probably micrulia tenuilinea warren . fletcher ( 1979 ) treated semiviridis as a good species attributed to warren , in which case it would have priority over picta . however nielsen , edwards & rangsi ( 1996 ) regard it as infrasubspecific , though validated later by prout , a treatment followed here . the specimen identified as picta by holloway ( 1976 ) represents another species ( see micrulia subzebrina sp . n ) .
n . e . himalaya , borneo ; new guinea , queensland ( ssp . sylvatica ) ; rotuma i . , new caledonia ( ssp . pacifica ) ; samoa ( ssp . vailima ) .
only two specimens have been taken in borneo , one in lowland forest near the danum valley field centre , sabah and one at about 1700m on g . kinabalu .
the largest species in the genus , layanga has the male hindwing dorsum strongly scrolled upwards , enclosing raised straw - coloured scales and delineated longitudinally with dark brown . the forewing is heavily fasciated and obscured with dark brown suffused rufous . there is a bluish grey zone submarginally from the postmedial , at one third from the costa , and there is a fine whitish crenulate submarginal line . the female has two diffuse fasciae on the hindwing towards the margin , reflexed subdorsally .
s . layanga is only known from g . kinabalu where it occurs commonly at 2600m , with a few specimens taken at 2110m .
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nassarius turulosus is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family nassariidae , the nassa mud snails or dog whelks .

nassarius turulosus

subgenus nassarius ( aciculina ) a . adams , 1853 accepted as nassarius duméril , 1805
species nassarius brychius ( r . b . watson , 1882 ) accepted as nassarius frigens ( martens , 1878 ) accepted as tritia frigens ( martens , 1878 )
species nassarius antiquatus ( r . b . watson , 1897 ) accepted as nassarius recidivus ( martens , 1876 ) accepted as tritia recidiva ( von martens , 1876 )
subgenus nassarius ( usita ) [ sic ] accepted as nassarius ( uzita ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as tritia risso , 1826 ( incorrect subsequent spelling )
subgenus nassarius ( telasco ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as tritia risso , 1826
subgenus nassarius ( uzita ) h . adams & a . adams , 1853 accepted as tritia risso , 1826
species nassarius denticulatus ( a . adams , 1852 ) accepted as tritia denticulata ( a . adams , 1852 )
( of nassarius ( plicarcularia ) thiele , 1929 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
( of nassarius ( aciculina ) a . adams , 1853 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
( of nassarius ( plicarcularia ) thiele , 1929 ) galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors
( of nassarius ( aciculina ) a . adams , 1853 ) galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors
( of planaxis turulosa risso , 1826 ) risso , a . ( 1826 - 1827 ) . histoire naturelle des principales productions de l ' europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de nice et des alpes maritimes . paris , levrault : vol . 1 : xii + 448 pp . , 1 map [ 1826 ] ; vol . 2 : vii + 482 pp . , 8 pls [ november 1827 ] ; vol . 3 : xvi + 480 pp . , 14 pls [ september 1827 ] ; vol . 4 : iv + 439 pp . , 12 pls [ november 1826 ] ; vol . 5 : viii + 400 pp . , 10 pls [ november 1827 ] . . 3 ( xvi ) : 1 - 480 , 14 pls . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of nassa edwardsi p . fischer , 1882 ) fischer p . ( 1882 - 1883 ) . diagnoses d ' espèces nouvelles de mollusques recueillis dans le cours des expéditions scientifiques de l ' aviso
le travailleur
( 1880 et 1881 ) . journal de conchyliologie 30 : 49 - 53 [ 1882 ] , 273 - 277 [ issued march 22 , 1883 according to fischer - piette ( 1937 ) , april 1883 according to winckworth , 1936 ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 50 [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
( of nassa edwardsi p . fischer , 1882 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . page ( s ) : 52 [ details ]
( of planaxis turulosa risso , 1826 ) cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 . [ details ]
to biodiversity heritage library ( 1 publication ) to clemam to clemam ( from synonym nassa edwardsi p . fischer , 1882 ) to clemam ( from synonym planaxis turulosa risso , 1826 ) to encyclopedia of life to mnhn molluscs type collection ( 2000 - 6648 ) ( from synonym planaxis turulosa risso , 1826 ) to mnhn molluscs type collection ( 2000 - 6721 ) ( from synonym nassa edwardsi p . fischer , 1882 ) to pesi to pesi ( from synonym planaxis turulosa risso , 1826 ) to pesi ( from synonym nassa edwardsi p . fischer , 1882 )
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 180 - 213
cernohorsky w . o . ( 1984 ) . systematics of the family nassariidae ( mollusca : gastropoda ) . bulletin of the auckland institute and museum 14 : 1 - 356 .
( risso , 1826 ) . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at
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pesi is funded by the european union 7th framework programme within the research infrastructures programme . contract no . ri - 223806 . activity area : capacities . period 2008 - 2011 - website hosted & developed by vliz banner picture : gannet ( morus bassanus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) ) by karl van ginderdeuren - contact pesi
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original taxon : planaxis turulosa . not sure about id . this could be one of these
nassa semistriata
or cabrierensis . . . worms lists edwardsi as a synonym . on mud at 180 - 200m deep , off siracusa , sicily . 15mm .
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no match was found for nasalis larvatus . the closest matches are listed below :
template updated on 09 may 2018 14 : 41 from version 18 . 4 . 26
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duméril , a . m . c . ( 1805 ) . zoologie analytique , ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux , rendue plus facile à l’aide de tableaux synoptiques . paris , allais . pp . i - xxxiii + 1 - 344 [ imprint date 1806 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 166 [ details ]
duméril , 1805 . accessed through : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) european register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 138235 on 2018 - 07 - 09
costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) . european register of marine species .
( of arcularia link , 1807 ) link d . h . f . ( 1807 - 1808 ) . beschreibung der naturalien - sammlung der universität zu rostock . rostock : adlers erben . 1 abt . [ part 1 ] , pp . 1 - 50 ; 2 abt . [ part 2 ] , pp . 51 - 100 ; 3 abt . [ part 3 ] , pp . 101 - 165 ; abt . 4 [ part 4 ] , pp . 1 - 30 ; abt . 5 [ part 5 ] , pp . 1 - 38 [ 1808 ] ; abt . 6 [ part 6 ] , pp . 1 - 38 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 126 [ details ]
( of arcularia link , 1807 ) mörch o . a . l . ( 1863 ) . on the genera of mollusca established by h . f . link in the catalogue of the rostock museum . proceedings of the zoological society of london . for 1862 : 226 - 228 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 227 [ details ]
( of arcularia link , 1807 ) galindo , l . a . ; puillandre , n . ; utge , j . ; lozouet , p . ; bouchet , p . ( 2016 ) . the phylogeny and systematics of the nassariidae revisited ( gastropoda , buccinoidea ) . molecular phylogenetics and evolution . 99 : 337 - 353 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors
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