scrobipalpa nitentella , the common sea groundling , is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it is found in most of europe , north africa ( tunisia ) , turkey , afghanistan , kazakhstan , china ( qinghai , xinjiang ) , mongolia and siberia ( transbaikalia ) .

the wingspan is 12 – 15 mm .

adults are on wing from july to august in one generation per year .

the larvae feed on atriplex hastata , atriplex hortensis , atriplex littoralis , atriplex praecox , atriplex prostrate , beta maritima , chenopodium album , halimione pedunculata , halimione portulacoides , salicornia europaea , suaeda altissima and suaeda maritima .

young larvae mine the leaves of their host plant .

the mine has the form of a short , spiralled corridor .

later , they make an irregular , sometimes branching , greenish-white blotch .

full-grown larvae live freely in a silken tunnel amongst the leaves .

full-grown larvae can be found from mid-august to the end of september .

the species overwinters in the pupal stage .

scrobipalpa nitentella

lita nitentella fuchs , 1902 . stett . ent . ztg . 63 : 324 scrobipalpa nitentella ( fuchs , 1902 ) .
scrobipalpa nitentella , breydon water , norfolk 2012 , slide 1483 ( j . clifton )
scrobipalpa nitentella ( common sea groundling ) - norfolk micro moths - the micro moths of norfolk .
scrobipalpa suaedella - those with an obvious clear pale ochreous dorsal quarter to the forewing .
scrobipalpa ocellatella - those with the prominent angled fascia at three quarters on the forewing and dark markings contrasting with the surrounding paler ground colour .
it can easily be confused with several other scrobipalpa species , so examination of the genitalia is usually necessary , though even then they can be difficult to determine ( ukmoths ) .
scrobipalpa obsoletella - those with the forewing a pale greyish colour lacking any red - brown colouration and appearing paler in the final one - third due to a pale postmedial fascia .
because of the sometimes considerable variation within most saltmarsh inhabiting scrobipalpa species , identification by wing markings alone will not often be possible . caution and care are the watchwords for this group .
those more readily identifiable when freshly emerged by the forewing markings are listed below . however all of these also have variation in their wing markings which , when the obvious features are obscured or worn , will then resemble some other scrobipalpa species .
id : very similar to several other species in the genus . requires genital examination to establish identity . male : coremata absent ; posterior margin of uncus rounded ; posterior process of vinculum continuous with median emargination ; posterior process of vinculum shorter than sacculus ; posterior processes of vinculum inclined towards each other . the key in mbgbi4 . 2 gives
uncus exceeding valva
as a means of separating s . clintoni from s . nitentella / murinella / obsoletella . ( s . murinella and s . clintoni only occur very locally in scotland , s . obsoletella is a saltmarsh species that should be present on foulness ) . i have found at least one specimen of apparent s . nitentella in which the uncus clearly exceeds the valva ( see specimen §7 below ) . of these species only s . nitentella has the posterior processes of the vinculum clearly inclined towards each other . features of the aedeagus may also be confirmatory . the number ( 1 or 2 ) and exact shape and position of longitudinal sclerotised bars on the concave side between the bulb and apex varies between species . in s . nitentella there are 2 bars - 1 fairly straight running from the bulb to just before the subapical arc with which it is not continuous ; the second curved from the non - convex side near the bulb becoming approximated to the first bar while still close to the bulb and extending to just before the subapical arc with which it is also not continuous . in s . obsoletella only the first bar is present and it is continuous with the subapical arc . female : transition from db to cb clearly defined ; signum in transition zone ; cb oval ; concave side of signum with strong teeth almost to apex .
notes : nationally scarce ( nb ) on saltmarshes and sandy beaches along parts of the coast of the british isles . in hampshire and on the isle of wight apparently absent from the southern coast of the isle of wight . wingspan 12 - 15 mm . can be confused with several other members of the genus : s . obsoletella is generally more obscurely marked and has less fuscous irroration ; some forms of s . samadensis approach s . nitentella , although the latter species usually appears more grey ; similar forms of s . salinella are usually less heavily irrorate and have more distinct stigmata ; one form of s . suaedella is similar , but this form has the stigmata less well marked and with less fuscous irroration than s . nitentella ; often can only reliably be separated from these species by dissection of the genitalia ( mbgbi vol 4 part 2 ) . larva mines leaves of goosefoot , annual sea - blite , sea - purslane , grass - leaved orache , spear - leaved orache and glasswort , subsequently living within a silken tube or tent , and over - wintering as a pupa .
is one of the commonest gelechid moths on saltings in the british isles , flying in july and august . it can easily be confused with several other
species , so examination of the genitalia is usually necessary , though even they can be difficult to determine .
fortunately , the larva can be distinguished from its relatives by its whitish thorax almost devoid of red markings , and its september - october occurrence . it feeds on a variety of salting plants , including annual sea - blite (
) . the first instar larva makes a thin ' u ' shaped mine , followed in later instars by a wider gallery and irregular blotch . finally , the larva feeds from a silk tube among the seeds , leaves or against the stem .
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a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .
a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !
a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .
mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel
identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley
leaf - miner : the first instar larva tends to make a u - shaped mine , whereas later larvae make irregular mines . final instar larvae spin the leaves together and feed in a silken tube amongst the seeds ( british leafminers ) .
young larvae make a short , spiralled corridor typically u - shaped ) . this stage is followed by an irregular , sometimes branching , greenish - white blotch . in their final stage the larva lives free in a silken tunnel among the leaves ( bladmineerders van europa ) .
larva : the larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles ( see video of a gracillarid larva feeding ) , six thoracic legs and abdominal legs ( see examples ) .
pupa : the pupae of moths have visible head appendages , wings and legs which lie in sheaths ( see examples ) .
adult : the adult is illustrated in ukmoths . the species is included in urltoken .
distribution in great britain and ireland : o ne of the commonest gelechid moths on saltings in the british isles ( ukmoths ) including anglesey , caernarvonshire , cambridgeshire , denbighshire , dorset , east cornwall , east norfolk , east ross , east suffolk , flintshire , glamorgan , kincardineshire , middlesex , north aberdeenshire , north essex , north somerset , south - east yorkshire , south - west yorkshire , surrey , west cornwall , west norfolk , westmorland and wigtownshire ( nbn atlas ) .
also recorded in the republic of ireland and northern ireland ( karsholt and van nieukerken in fauna europaea ) . see also ireland ' s nbdc interactive map .
distribution elsewhere : widespread in continental europe including austria , belgium , czech republic , danish mainland , estonia , finland , french mainland , germany , hungary , latvia , norwegian mainland , poland , romania , russia - south , slovakia , spanish mainland , sweden , the netherlands and ukraine ( karsholt and van nieukerken in fauna europaea ) .
widely scattered but local , occasionally locally common , in coastal areas of the british isles . apparently absent from the northern and western isles of scotland , most of western ireland and the channel islands . occasionally wanders some distance away from its breeding areas .
chenopodium spp . ( goosefoot ) , see plant distribution map for c . album agg . as a representative of this foodplant , and suaeda maritima ( annual sea - blite ) . also recorded from atriplex littoralis ( grass - leaved orache ) , a . patula ( common orache ) , a . portulacoides ( sea - purslane ) , a . prostrata ( spear - leaved orache ) , beta vulgaris ssp . maritima ( sea beet ) and sarcocornia perrenis ( perrenial glasswort ) .
in europe also on atriplex hortensis ( garden orache ) , atriplex pedunculata ( pedunculate sea - purslane ) , salicornia europaea agg . ( common glasswort ) and suaeda altissima .
a record of the larva on cakile maritima ( sea rocket ) is very unusual and it is considered possible the plant was misidentified .
mines the leaves with the first instar producing a u or horseshoe - shaped mine .
larval : mines the leaves with the first instar producing a u or horseshoe - shaped mine , then mining in an irregular or branched fashion . in the penultimate instar the larva vacates the mine and spins a silken tube amongst the seeds , feeding mainly on the unripe ones .
adult : can be disturbed from amongst the foodplant during the day , flies at night and comes to light often some distance form its nearest foodplant .
can be confused with s . salinella , s . obsoletella , s . instabilella , some forms of s . samadensis and one form of s . suaedella . dissection is often required to confirm the determination .
if a moth has been bred from a known foodplant , and therefore also time of year when the larva feeds and the nature of its feeding methods have been observed , this information , plus a freshly emerged moth , will allow the number of possibilites to be reduced considerably . if the bred or caught moth is a fresh specimen and displays the distinctive markings of some species ( see below ) then an identification without more detailed examination should be possible in many cases .
in cases where there is any doubt , particularly where worn light - trapped specimens are concerned , dissection will be essential to obtain an accurate identification until a good familiarity is built up with the range of species and their markings at a particular site .
even genitalia differences are often small but are constant between the various species . it is advisable to seek confirmation of identifications by genitalia until familiarity is built up with this genus .
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undoubtedly under - recorded in norfolk . stated as our most common salt - marsh gelechid ( mbgbi vol 2 p175 ) .
recorded in 5 ( 7 % ) of 69 10k squares . first recorded in 1980 . last recorded in 2017 .
underlying maps using digital map data © norfolk online lepidoptera archive - nola™ 2018 . © james wheeler - n o r f o l k m o t h s 2007 - 2018 . data © nola™ 2018
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ws : 12 - 15mm ; jul - aug ; goosefoot ( chenopodium spp ) , annual sea - blite ( suaeda maritima ) and other saltmarsh plants ; common in saltmarsh throughout uk .
§1 foulness , essex ; 01 / 08 / 2010 ; female ; fw 6 . 1mm §2 foulness , essex ; 04 / 09 / 2011 ; male ; fw 6 . 3mm §3 foulness , essex ; 19 / 08 / 2012 ; female ; fw 6 . 2mm §4 foulness , essex ; 19 / 08 / 2012 ; female ; fw 5 . 8mm §5 foulness , essex ; 19 / 08 / 2012 ; female ; fw 5 . 6mm §6 foulness , essex ; 08 / 09 / 2012 ; female ; fw 6 . 1mm §7 foulness , essex ; 15 / 09 / 2012 ; male §8 foulness , essex ; 15 / 09 / 2012 ; male §9 foulness , essex ; 05 / 08 / 2012 ; female all images © chris lewis


cerithiopsis nana is a species of minute sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusc in the family cerithiopsidae .

the species was described by jeffreys in 1867 .

cerithiopsis nana

variety cerithiopsis tubercularis var . nana jeffreys , 1867 accepted as cerithiopsis nana jeffreys , 1867 ( original rank as variety )
to biodiversity heritage library ( 2 publications ) to clemam ( from synonym cerithiopsis tubercularis var . nana jeffreys , 1867 ) to encyclopedia of life ( from synonym nanopsis nana ( jeffreys , 1867 ) ) to pesi ( from synonym nanopsis nana ( jeffreys , 1867 ) ) to pesi to pesi ( from synonym cerithiopsis tubercularis var . nana jeffreys , 1867 )
cerithiopsis nana ( mayer , 1864 ) gem 2 . 89 mm superb . fisherman nets 85 m . taken alive . saronic gulf , greece
cerithiopsis cynthia bartsch , 1911 : synonym of cerithiopsis iota ( c . b . adams , 1845 )
variety cerithiopsis tubercularis var . clarkii jeffreys , 1867 accepted as cerithiopsis tubercularis ( montagu , 1803 ) ( synonym )
cerithiopsis buijsei jong & coomans , 1988 : synonym of cerithiopsis lata ( c . b . adams , 1850 )
norway to azores , to mediterranean , in infralittoral and circalittoral gardens . predator on sessile preys ( sponges ) . original taxon : cerithiopsis tubercularis var . nana . 50m deep , almeria , andalucia , s . spain . 3mm .
subgenus cerithiopsis ( seila ) a . adams , 1861 : synonym of seila a . adams , 1861
cerithiopsis valeriae giusti fr . , 1987 : synonym of onchodia valeriae ( giusti fr . , 1987 )
cerithiopsis bermudensis verrill & bush , 1900 : synonym of metaxia rugulosa ( c . b . adams , 1850 )
cerithiopsis peilei e . a . smith , 1910 : synonym of seilopsis peilei ( e . a . smith , 1910 )
cerithiopsis turbonilloides dautzenberg & h . fischer , 1896 : synonym of ektonos turbonilloides ( dautzenberg & fischer h . , 1896 )
syntype for cerithiopsis ( cerithiopsis ) alfredensis bartsch , 1915 catalog number : usnm 186803 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : w . turton locality : port alfred , south africa
holotype for cerithiopsis ( cerithiopsis ) saba bartsch , 1915 catalog number : usnm 249690 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : w . turton locality : port alfred , south africa
holotype for cerithiopsis ( cerithiopsis ) nisaba bartsch , 1915 catalog number : usnm 249688 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : w . turton locality : port alfred , south africa
holotype for cerithiopsis ( cerithiopsis ) nina bartsch , 1915 catalog number : usnm 250358 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : w . turton locality : port alfred , south africa
cerithiopsis bicolor ( c . b . adams , 1845 ) : synonym of retilaskeya bicolor ( c . b . adams , 1845 )
cerithiopsis emersonii ( c . b . adams , 1839 ) : synonym of retilaskeya emersonii ( c . b . adams , 1839 )
similar to cerithiopsis minima but with brown apical area . peyrefitte cape , cerbère , eastern pyrenean , s . france . 2 , 5mm .
holotype for cerithiopsis ( cerithiopsis ) abreojosensis bartsch , 1911 catalog number : usnm 106506 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : h . hemphill locality : point abreojos , baja california sur , mexico , north pacific ocean
( of cerithiopsis aciculata locard & caziot , 1900 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cerithiopsis tubercularis var . clarkii jeffreys , 1867 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cerithiopsis tubercularis var . nana jeffreys , 1867 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1862 - 1869 ) . british conchology . vol . 1 : pp . cxiv + 341 [ 1862 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 479 [ 1864 ] il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864 . vol . 3 : pp . 394 [ 1865 ] . vol . 4 : pp . 487 [ 1867 ] . vol . 5 : pp . 259 [ 1869 ] . london , van voorst . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 267 [ details ]
verstraelen ( 1966 ) , pelseneer ( 1881b ) and vonck ( 1933 ) have reported cerithium vulgatum . probabely these authers have this species confused with cerithiopsis tubercularis ( montagu , 1803 ) .
rolán e . & fernández - garcés r . ( 2007 ) . a new species of cerithiopsis from florida , usa ( prosobranchia , cerithiopsidae ) . iberus 25 ( 1 ) : 37 - 41 .
paratype : rolan , e . & fernández - garcés , r . 2007 . a new species of cerithiopsis from florida , usa ( prosobranchia , cerithiopsidae ) . iberus . 25 ( 1 ) : 37 - 41 .
marine life information network - uk to barcode of life ( 6 barcodes ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 126 publications ) to biodiversity heritage library ( 25 publications ) ( from synonym cerithium pygmaeum philippi , 1844 ) to clemam ( from synonym cerithium pygmaeum philippi , 1844 ) to clemam ( from synonym cerithiopsis aciculata locard & caziot , 1900 ) to clemam ( from synonym cerithium acicula brusina , 1865 ) to clemam to clemam ( from synonym murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 ) to clemam ( from synonym cerithiopsis tubercularis var . clarkii jeffreys , 1867 ) to dyntaxa to encyclopedia of life to genbank ( 6 nucleotides ; 6 proteins ) to global biotic interactions ( globi ) to marine species identification portal to pesi to pesi ( from synonym cerithium pygmaeum philippi , 1844 ) to pesi ( from synonym cerithium acicula brusina , 1865 ) to pesi ( from synonym cerithiopsis aciculata locard & caziot , 1900 ) to pesi ( from synonym cerithiopsis tubercularis var . clarkii jeffreys , 1867 ) to pesi ( from synonym murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 ) to itis
syntype for cerithiopsis tuberculoides carpenter , 1857 catalog number : usnm 716164 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : f . reigen locality : mazatlan , sinaloa , mexico , north pacific ocean
syntype for cerithiopsis pupiformis carpenter , 1857 catalog number : usnm 716166 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : f . reigen locality : mazatlan , sinaloa , mexico , north pacific ocean
paralectotype for cerithiopsis sorex carpenter , 1857 catalog number : usnm 716167 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : f . reigen locality : mazatlan , sinaloa , mexico , north pacific ocean
holotype for cerithiopsis munita carpenter , 1864 catalog number : usnm 15501 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : j . swan locality : neeah bay , washington , washington , united states , neeah bay
gofas , s . ( 2010 ) . cerithiopsis forbes & hanley , 1850 . in : bouchet , p . ; gofas , s . ; rosenberg , g . ( 2010 ) world marine mollusca database . accessed through : world register of marine species at urltoken on 13 june 2012
paratype for cerithiopsis krisbergi rolan & fernández - garcés , 2007 catalog number : usnm 1092332 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of invertebrate zoology preparation : dry collector ( s ) : m . krisberg locality : sebastian inlet , brevard county , florida , united states , north atlantic ocean depth ( m ) : 1 to 1
nomenclature the generic name nanopsis cecalupo & robba , 2010 is invalid because preoccupied by nanopsis freytag , 1974 [ an insect of order homoptera ] . anyway the taxonomic validity of the genus has been questioned ( oliver et al . , 2012 : 66 ) so that this and other species of cerithiopsidae which have been assigned to nanopsis are here accepted under cerithiopsis . [ details ]
( of murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 ) bouchet , p . & marshall , b . a . ( 2012 ) . comment on murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 ( currently cerithiopsis tubercularis ; mollusca , gastropoda , cerithiopsidae ) : proposed conservation of usage of the specific name and designation of a neotype . bulletin of zoological nomenclature 69 ( 2 ) : 123 - 124 . [ details ]
( of cerithiopsis aciculata locard & caziot , 1900 ) locard a . & caziot e . ( 1900 - 1901 ) . les coquilles marines des côtes de corse . annales de la société linnéenne de lyon , 46 : 193 - 274 [ 1900 ] ; 47 : 1 - 80 , 159 - 291 [ 1901 ] . available online from société linnéenne de lyon [ part 1 ] [ part 2 ] [ part 3 ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 184 [ details ]
( of cerithiopsis tubercularis var . clarkii jeffreys , 1867 ) jeffreys , j . g . ( 1862 - 1869 ) . british conchology . vol . 1 : pp . cxiv + 341 [ 1862 ] . vol . 2 : pp . 479 [ 1864 ] il frontrespizio reca la data 1863 ma in effetti pubblicato nel 1864 . vol . 3 : pp . 394 [ 1865 ] . vol . 4 : pp . 487 [ 1867 ] . vol . 5 : pp . 259 [ 1869 ] . london , van voorst . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 267 [ details ]
mayer k . ( 1864 ) . die tertiar - fauna der azoren und madeiren . zurich , published by the author , vi + 107 pp . [ details ]
nomenclature the generic name nanopsis cecalupo & robba , 2010 is invalid because preoccupied by nanopsis freytag , 1974 [ an insect of . . .
cecalupo a . & robba e . ( 2010 ) the identity of murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 and description of one new genus and two new species of the cerithiopsidae ( gastropoda : triphoroidea ) . bollettino malacologico 46 : 45 - 64 . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
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the basic data of this taxon were not entered consulting the original description , but from secondary sources .
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jeffreys , 1867 . in : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvantidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2014 ) european register of marine species , accessed through pesi at
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montagu , george . ( 1803 ) . testacea britannica or natural history of british shells , marine , land , and fresh - water , including the most minute : systematically arranged and embellished with figures . j . white , london , vol . 1 , xxxvii + 291 pp . and vol . 2 , 293–606 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 ) montagu , george . ( 1803 ) . testacea britannica or natural history of british shells , marine , land , and fresh - water , including the most minute : systematically arranged and embellished with figures . j . white , london , vol . 1 , xxxvii + 291 pp . and vol . 2 , 293–606 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 270 [ details ]
( montagu , 1803 ) . accessed through : costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) european register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 139085 on 2018 - 07 - 09
costello , m . j . ; bouchet , p . ; boxshall , g . ; arvanitidis , c . ; appeltans , w . ( 2018 ) . european register of marine species .
( of cerithium acicula brusina , 1865 ) brusina s . ( 1865 ) . conchiglie dalmate inedite . verhandlungen der kaiserlich - königlichen zoologisch - botanisch gesellschaft in wien 15 : 3 - 42 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 17 [ details ]
( of cerithium pygmaeum philippi , 1844 ) philippi r . a . ( 1844 ) . enumeratio molluscorum siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium , quae in itinere suo observavit . vol . 2 . halle [ halis saxorum ] : eduard anton . iv + 303 pp . , pls 13 - 28 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
rolán e . , 2005 . malacological fauna from the cape verde archipelago . part 1 , polyplacophora and gastropoda . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
muller , y . ( 2004 ) . faune et flore du littoral du nord , du pas - de - calais et de la belgique : inventaire . [ coastal fauna and flora of the nord , pas - de - calais and belgium : inventory ] . commission régionale de biologie région nord pas - de - calais : france . 307 pp . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
dyntaxa . ( 2013 ) . swedish taxonomic database . accessed at urltoken [ 15 - 01 - 2013 ] . , available online at http : / / urltoken [ details ]
backeljau , t . ( 1986 ) . lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van belgië [ list of the recent marine molluscs of belgium ] . koninklijk belgisch instituut voor natuurwetenschappen : brussels , belgium . 106 pp . ( look up in ror ) [ details ]
( of murex tubercularis montagu , 1803 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cerithium pygmaeum philippi , 1844 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of cerithium acicula brusina , 1865 ) check list of european marine mollusca ( clemam ) . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
syntype : dall , w . h . 1881 . bull . mus . comp . zool . 9 ( 2 ) : 87 - 89 .
depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 9 - 9 temperature range ( °c ) : - 0 . 752 - - 0 . 752 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 27 . 452 - 27 . 452 salinity ( pps ) : 33 . 845 - 33 . 845 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 7 . 913 - 7 . 913 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 726 - 1 . 726 silicate ( umol / l ) : 64 . 659 - 64 . 659 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
depth range based on 3 specimens in 1 taxon . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 1 - 4 . 5 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 1 - 4 . 5 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
depth range based on 2 specimens in 1 taxon . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 45 - 45 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 60 . 3504 - 60 . 3504 temperature range ( °c ) : 18 . 507 - 18 . 507 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 6 . 303 - 6 . 303 salinity ( pps ) : 35 . 322 - 35 . 322 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 730 - 4 . 730 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 627 - 0 . 627 silicate ( umol / l ) : 7 . 495 - 7 . 495 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 5 - 5 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
depth range based on 3 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 2 samples . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 27 - 95 temperature range ( °c ) : 24 . 323 - 24 . 323 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 757 - 0 . 757 salinity ( pps ) : 36 . 186 - 36 . 186 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 519 - 4 . 519 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 118 - 0 . 118 silicate ( umol / l ) : 1 . 328 - 1 . 328 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 27 - 95 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
depth range based on 1 specimen in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 402 - 402 temperature range ( °c ) : 12 . 899 - 12 . 899 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 20 . 002 - 20 . 002 salinity ( pps ) : 35 . 673 - 35 . 673 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 3 . 259 - 3 . 259 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 875 - 0 . 875 silicate ( umol / l ) : 12 . 028 - 12 . 028 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
depth range based on 2 specimens in 1 taxon . water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1 sample . environmental ranges depth range ( m ) : 60 . 3504 - 122 . 53 temperature range ( °c ) : 18 . 507 - 18 . 507 nitrate ( umol / l ) : 6 . 303 - 6 . 303 salinity ( pps ) : 35 . 322 - 35 . 322 oxygen ( ml / l ) : 4 . 730 - 4 . 730 phosphate ( umol / l ) : 0 . 627 - 0 . 627 silicate ( umol / l ) : 7 . 495 - 7 . 495 graphical representation depth range ( m ) : 60 . 3504 - 122 . 53 note : this information has not been validated . check this * note * . your feedback is most welcome .
this genus occurs in the caribbean sea including cuba , in the atlantic ocean including the cape verde islands and angola and in the indian ocean including the aldabra atoll .
vaught , k . c . ( 1989 ) . a classification of the living mollusca . american malacologists : melbourne , fl ( usa ) . isbn 0 - 915826 - 22 - 4 . xii , 195 pp .
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 180–213
rolán e . , 2005 . malacological fauna from the cape verde archipelago . part 1 , polyplacophora and gastropoda .
welch j . j . ( 2010 ) .
the
island rule
and deep - sea gastropods : re - examining the evidence
. plos one 5 ( 1 ) : e8776 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0008776 .
. it was described by rolan , espinosa and fernandez - garcés , in 2007 .
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european pyramidellidae : iv . the genera eulimella , anisocycla , syrnola , cingulina , oscilla and careliopsis
the mediterranean teuthofauna : towards a biogeographical coverage by regional census . i : generalities
the mediterranean teuthofauna : towards a biogeographical coverage by regional census . 2 : strait of sicily
systematic position and validity of ebala gray , 1847 ( ebalidae fam . n . , pyramidelloidea , heterobranchia )
the deep sea molluscan fauna of the s . e . aegean sea and its relation to the neighbouring faunas
contributo alla conoscenza malacologica per il nord dell ' isola di cipro . ( parte 2 )
description of a new species of rissoidae gray , 1847 in the mediterranean sea : rissoa multicincta sp . nov
on the occurrence of phaseolus guilonardi hoeksema , 1993 ( fam . phaseolidae scarlato and starobogatov , 1971 ) in the mediterranean
potenzialita informativa della malacofauna . stratificazione archeologica e ambiente 2 : unio elongatulus e viviparus ater in un abitato dell ' eta del bronzo
molluschi delle acque interne siciliane . segnalazione di unio elongatulus c . pfeiffer , 1825 ( bivalvia : unionidae )
description of bathysciadium xylophagum waren and carrozza , sp . n . and comments on addisonia excentrica ( tiberi ) two mediterranean cocculiniform gastropods
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gabriola dyari is a moth of the geometridae family .

it is found from the alaskan panhandle and british columbia to california .

the habitat consists of coniferous forests .

the wingspan is 25 – 30 mm .

the forewings are brownish-gray with black speckling and lines .

the hindwings are uniformly brownish-gray except for a dark thin terminal line .

there is one generation per year with adults on wing from june to october in california .

the larvae feed on the foliage of various coniferous trees , including tsuga heterophylla , tsuga mertensiana , pseudotsuga , thuja plicata , abies amabilis , abies grandis , abies lasiocarpa and picea engelmannii .

they have a rusty brown to gray body with white dorsal patches and a light tan head with reddish-brown mottling .

they reach a length of up to 20 mm .

when at rest , the larva resembles a bird dropping .

larvae can be found from may to july .

the species overwinters as an egg .

pupation takes place in a cocoon on a twig in august .

gabriola dyari

1903 gabriola dyari - dyar ' s looper 6781 - gabriola dyari - bugguide . net
species gabriola dyari - dyar ' s looper - hodges # 6781 - bugguide . net
no images of other gabriola species were found on the internet , and no records north of oregon were found .
dyari : after the usda entomologist harrison gray dyar jr . ( 1866 - 1929 ) , who described hundreds of species and genera of lepidoptera
a revision of the moth genus gabriola ( lepidoptera , geometridae ) . frederick h . rindge . 1974 . american museum novitates 2550 : 1 - 24 , f . 1 - 26 .
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
adult : body slender ; antennae pectinate ( at least in males ) ; forewing brownish - gray with black speckling and lines ; am and pm lines thick , am line slightly curved , pm line zigzagged or sinuate ; two or three black wedges at costa near apex ; diffuse whitish patches in basal and anal angle areas ; hindwing uniformly brownish - gray except dark thin terminal line . for additional information see ringe ' s description
the larva at rest resembles a bird dropping , but it can contort its body into a configuration that looks like a male cone of conifers .
g . regularia is similar but lacks diffuse whitish patches on the forewing , and apparently occurs only in arizona ( see pinned adult image of g . regularia )
presence in california ; list of 15 specimen records with dates and locations ( u . of california at berkeley )
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powell , j . a . & p . a . opler , moths of western north america , pl . 29 . 24f , 29 . 25f ; p . 214 . book review and ordering
mature larva to 20 mm long . head , light tan with reddish brown mottling , vertex moderately cleft . body , stocky with numerous swellings , rusty brown with white dorsal patches on the second , fourth and eighth abdominal segments
this species appears to overwinter in the egg stage . larvae are present from may to july , pupation occurs june to august , and adults emerge from july to august .
dscf1219 . jpg wingspan ~ 32mm rwwa - 1224 bold dna : a species level match has been made . locality : coastal sw washington state at the edge of willapa bay geo : lat = 46 37 . 273 ge = - 123 56 . 8140 : lon
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scoble , m . j . ( ed . ) , m . s . parsons , m . r . honey , l . m . pitkin , and b . r . pitkin . 1999 . geometrid moths of the world : a catalogue . volumes 1 and 2 : 1016 pp . + index 129 pp . csiro publishing , collingwood , victoria , australia .
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distribution data for u . s . states and canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
miller , j . c . and p . c . hammond . 2003 . lepidoptera of the pacific northwest : caterpillars and adults . usda forest service fhtet 3003 - 03 . online . available : urltoken
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with robert ridgely , james zook , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
data provided by natureserve in collaboration with bruce patterson , wes sechrest , marcelo tognelli , gerardo ceballos , the nature conservancy - migratory bird program , conservation international - cabs , world wildlife fund - us , and environment canada - wildspace .
iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .
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