the military macaw ( ara militaris ) is a large parrot and a medium-sized macaw .

though considered vulnerable as a wild species , it is still commonly found in the pet trade industry .

it is found in the forests of mexico and south america .

it gets its name from its predominantly green plumage resembling a military parade uniform .

military macaw

the military macaw is smaller than the average macaw sitting 26 to 29 inches in length .
macaw facts – find information about all of the macaw species – spix macaw , scarlet macaw , blue macaw and all the rest of the species .
the military macaw is so similar to the great green macaw in coloration that it is almost indistinguishable .
species of macaws typically kept as pets include the following : hahn’s macaw , yellow collared macaw , scarlet macaw , red fronted macaw , blue and gold macaw , blue throated macaw , military macaw , green winged macaw and hyacinth macaw . in addition many species have been hybridized to create various combinations . some of these crosses have been given names . here is a few of the names given to various macaw hybrids : milligold macaw , camelot macaw , catalina macaw , harlequin macaw , capri macaw , ruby macaw , shamrock macaw . note : the hybrid macaw names are not recognized in parrot taxonomy .
nutrition and diet are vital to the health and longevity of your military macaw .
my friend just introduced me to her military macaw . . . he was lovely
military macaw from www . susanclubb . com ! pdfi . com / mili . pdf
this macaw is a popular species for breeding hybrid macaws in captivity . common first generation hybrids include the calico macaw , milicinth macaw , and miligold macaw
is listed as endangered by the iucn , for the same reasons as the military macaw .
military macaw © justin wright [ cc by - sa 2 . 0 ] , via wikimedia commons
although rather large for a parrot , as a macaw the military species is only medium sized .
military macaw parrots are rather beautiful birds found in mexico and south america . they look similar to the great green macaw , also known as the buffon’s macaw , but are a little smaller than the latter . the military macaws have been so named because of their plumage resembling the color of a military parade uniform .
description : very similar to ara ambigua , the military macaw is smaller in size and darker in plumage .
fresh water should be offered to your military macaw several times daily , however check with your vet or macaw specialist if you are on a water well .
there are three sub species of military macaw ara militaris most common to originate from venezuela , columbia and peru .
diet of the military macaw in the wild would mainly consist of fruit , vegetable matter , nuts and seeds .
there is another macaw species , which is very similar to the military macaw . it is the great green macaw ( ara ambigua ) which is native to central america . the two taxa are so similar that they are also known as the
lesser
( militaris ) and
greater
( ambigua ) military macaw .
although there are 18 living species of macaws , not all commonly get adopted by people . the commonly kept companion macaw species include the following , listed by common name and scientific name : blue - and - gold macaw ( ara ararauna ) , green - winged macaw ( ara chloropterus ) , hahn’s macaw ( diopsittaca nobilis nobilis ) , hyacinth macaw ( anodorhynchus hyacinthinus ) , scarlet macaw ( ara macao ) , military macaw ( ara militaris ) , and severe macaw ( ara severus ) . some of these species have other common names . for example , the blue - and - gold macaw is sometimes called the blue - and - yellow macaw , and the military macaw is sometimes called the chestnut - fronted macaw .
beyond the nominate species ara militaris , there are two sub - species of this macaw . the mexican military macaw ( ara militaris mexicana ) is the largest and primarily inhabits mexico . the bolivian military macaw ( ara militaris boliviana ) has a range that extends from bolivia to northern argentina .
historically , the military macaw has been on record since the 1500s when europeans invaded their native lands . the name comes from the fact that military personnel brought them back to europe and it also alludes to their olive green coloring that resembles
military green .
these heaps of clay are called ” macaw licks” and is said to be to the macaw a source of vitamins and minerals and keeps the macaw healthy .
some species of macaw are endangered or at risk of extinction , according to the iucn red list . nine species are currently at the most risk . three macaws are critically endangered : glaucous macaw ( anodorhynchus glaucus ) , blue - throated macaw ( ara glaucogularis ) , and spix’s macaw ( cyanopsitta spixii ) . three macaws are endangered : lear’s macaw ( anodorhynchus leari ) , great green macaw ( ara ambiguus ) , and red - fronted macaw ( ara rubrogenys ) . three macaws are vulnerable : hyacinth macaw ( anodorhynchus hyacinthinus ) , military macaw ( ara militaris ) , and blue - headed macaw ( primolius couloni ) .
the buffon ' s macaw , often confused with the more common military macaw ( ara militaris ) , is still quite rare in aviculture . several generations of this species have been produced in captivity , but avicultural concentration is needed to establish the species . the buffon ' s differs from the military macaw in color and size . study the pictures above of a buffon ' s and a bolivian military macaw and see if you can spot the differences .
military macaws are affectionate , but can be aggressive at times . they make good pet birds for an experienced bird owner . the military macaw enjoys cuddling , but can be a little shy . owners of the military macaw often describe this pet bird as animated because of its dramatic way of expressing itself . the military macaw is an intelligent and independence bird . they make good companions , especially with the right training so that larger problems do not arise later in its life .
the military macaw needs these because they contain phytonutrients which nutritionists believe will boost the immune system and prevent disease and provide healing properties .
the military macaw ( ara militaris ) is at risk for extinction in the wild due to habitat loss and the wild bird trade .
i f you were to only give your military macaw seeds you would notice a dramatic weight gain which could cause issues with their kidneys .
the larger macaw species range from about 20 inches ( military macaws ) up to 42 inches ( hyacinth macaws ) including their long tails .
others on the milder side may include the noble macaw ( second to the smallest of all macaws ) , the greenwinged macaw , the red fronted macaw ( mid size ) , and of course the hyacinth macaw , which is the mush of the macaws and also the largest in the macaw family .
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but the ambiguous ara - henceforth the buffon ' s macaw or great green macaw - is no longer ambiguous . we do indeed know that it is a species all its own , although probably allopatric ( fancy word ) with the military macaw . more on that later . ornithologists and other scientists or conservationists typically use the name great green macaw , while in aviculture it is usually called the buffon ' s macaw .
the military macaw inhabits humid forests , wooded foothills and canyons . nests are usually made on cliff faces or in large trees ( 4 ) . most military macaws are found between 500 and 1 , 500 metres above sea level ( 5 ) .
all over the park we have 885 specimens under our care . there are different subspecies ; the ones you can see at our facilities are the scarlet macaw ( ara macao ) and the military macaw ( ara militaris ) .
i too prefer military ' s . . . but i ' m a little biased .
this parrots readily breeds and is therefore easily available in the pet trade . the military macaw is the quietest and least expensive of the large macaws to acquire .
ideal temperatures for the military macaw range from 65°f to 75°f ( 18°c - 24°c ) . they do however acclimatize to temperatures lower than 65°f , albeit gradually .
juniper , t and parr , m . 1998 . parrots : a guide to parrots of the world . yale university press , new haven . sections on military macaw ( # 213 ) and great green macaw ( # 214 ) .
military macaw , a . m . militaris - the nominate form occurs in the eastern tropics of colombia to western venezuela and south into eastern ecuador and northeastern peru .
military macaw feeds on nuts and fruits in palm trees and ficus . this arboreal species feeds at high level in trees and in canopy . when resting during the day , they perch in exposed dead trees , at top of branches . military macaw performs seasonal movements to feed on particular fruits , and wanders locally in many regions . when the military macaw moves or climbs in trees , its beak plays the role of the “third hand” and allows the bird to climb easily with help of feet and beak .
like all macaws , military macaws make great pets , but ideally , should not be kept as such because of their ‘vulnerable’ status . they are a very social bird with a bit of a temper every now and then , but hand reared military macaws can become an integral part of your family . let’s learn everything about a military macaw before moving on to actually owning one .
military macaws are mostly green with a bright red frontal patch . though similar to buffon’s macaws , military macaws are a bit smaller and have a darker forest green color . the naked facial skin , which blushes when the macaw is excited , is white with black feather lines .
in captivity the military macaw will nest in the tops of tree’s and enjoy a more social lifestyle often flying and gathering in common roosts in flocks of twenty to forty birds .
habitat : military macaw lives mainly in temperate semi - arid mountainous areas , and in tropical deciduous forests , near water . it is visible from 600 to 2600 metres of elevation . it moves seasonally to lowlands , frequenting humid forests and thorny woodlands . range : military macaw is found from western mexico to bolivia , north - western argentina and western venezuela .
protection / threats / status : military macaw is locally common in some remote areas , but its numbers are declining . this species is threatened by habitat loss due to clearing and deforestation for cattle and agriculture . the heavy trapping for illegal trade and the use of its feathers as ornaments are important facts in its decline . military macaw is classified as vulnerable .
crystal , what a great post . my husband also wants a military macaw . these responses have been very educational . can ' t wait to see which y ' all chose !
military macaws are long - lived birds , with some individuals living for up to 50 years or longer .
the mexican military macaw is a medium - sized macaw with mostly green plumage except for a red frontal band and a blue tinge on the back of head . the beak is black with a pale tip , the iris is yellow , and the feet are gray .
red - fronted and blue - throated macaws are seriously at - risk . the glaucous macaw and spix ' s macaw may already be extinct in the wild .
social and very vocal , military macaws have a reputation for being pleasant , even - tempered pets when properly socialized . military macaws are curious birds , and they enjoy playing and interacting with their human
flock .
flight : military macaw has rapid and direct flight , performing slow and shallow wing beats . it is able to reach speeds of 55 km per hour . it is often noisy in flight .
the military macaw’s range is widespread but sporadic , occupying small areas of central and south america , in argentina , bolivia , colombia , ecuador , mexico , peru and venezuela ( 1 ) .
renton , k . 2004 . in search of military macaws in mexico . psittascene 16 : 12 - 14 .
but like other macaws , these birds will require a lot of energy from their human owners . plan to spend a lot of time with a military macaw if you get one as a pet .
the military macaws ( ara militaris ) received their name when they were first imported into europe by military personnel ; also some suggest that this species was named for the overall
army or olive green
color of its plumage .
the best cages for this particular macaw is a steel cage that is well made .
the greenwing macaw ( red and green macaw ) is commonly referred to simply as a
greenwing
in the united states . greenwings , the second largest of the macaws , are distinguished from the other red macaw , the scarlet macaw , by the red and black facial feathers on the face . scarlet macaws are bare of feather lines .
scientific name : ara militaris description : the military & great green macaw ( buffon’s ) are often confused . the most obvious differences are the larger size and more massive beak of the buffon’s and its lighter shade of green . for everything you need for your military macaw please click here . adult length nominate race : 60 - 70cm , males usually larger . the tail accounts for about half the total length - - but it is not as long as that of the scarlet macaw , for example .
diet : military macaw feeds on seeds , nuts , fruits and berries . it also eats other kinds of vegetal matters when in tree . it can break open hard - shelled nuts , thanks to its powerful beak . military macaw , as other psittacidae , visits heaps of clay along riverbanks . they congregate at these places , and lick the clay in order to detoxify the poisonous substances included in their vegetal diet .
it is said that the name comes from the military that brought the beautiful bird from mexico and central america to europe .
along with the size , but the similar look of a military . . . i personally think they ' re awesome !
although the military macaw is less colorful than its other parrot relatives the shades of green vary from bird to bird giving each one a different palate of deep emerald green to lime green depending on diet and climate .
spix macaw is one of the most rare birds in the world today . read more .
would a macaw be a good pet ? that depends on you . adding a macaw to your family means considering if you have the room , the time , the personality , and other factors that make a macaw a good companion for you . because macaws need spacious accommodations and are long - lived , adding a macaw to the family needs to be thoroughly thought through .
the buffon ' s macaw is the second largest macaw in the world , surpassed only by the hyacinth macaw , although some buffon ' s individuals may be larger ( in weight and / or physical size ) than some hyacinth individuals . in color , the hyacinth and the buffon ' s would never be confused , but the buffon ' s does look quite a bit like the military to the untrained eye ( see
in the wild , macaws often flock to mountains of clay known as
macaw licks
.
in the wild , military macaws feast on seeds , berries , nuts , fruits , and vegetables . pet military macaws should eat a similar diet made up of a high - quality seed or pellet mix and plenty of fresh bird - safe fruits and vegetables .
if you & apos ; re interested in owning a military macaw , make sure that you have plenty of free time to spend with your new bird . you will also need the space to accommodate this large , beautiful parrot .
they are a very social bird , even in the wild they live in pairs and flocks of up to 20 individuals . a pet military macaw retains this trait and can be a very friendly bird , with occasional temperamental swings .
macaws are known as the giants of the parrot world . the hyacinth macaw is the longest parrot , with a head to tail length of nearly 40 inches . macaws have long tail feathers as well as big beaks . macaw adaptations include large , curved , powerful beaks designed to crack open hard nuts and seeds . these parrots have a long , streamlined physique and colorful feathering , ranging from the hyacinth macaw’s hyacinth blue to the scarlet macaw’s scarlet red coloring . some macaw species have bare facial patches .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto military macaw utters raucous “kraa - aaak” in flight or when perched . we can also hear a loud shrill “kee - eeah” . it is often heard before seen , identified by its loud screeching and croaking .
the military macaw is bred in captivity quite often , so they are available for adoption . they & apos ; re not as easy to find as the more colorful and popular macaws , though a good search will turn up some reputable breeders .
popularity the military macaw is a handsome bird and highly intelligent . so why is it not more popular ? perhaps the reason is that the large macaws are perceived as flamboyant with more gaudy colours than other parrots - - blues and reds . parrot keepers are often initially attracted by colour rather than personality . by any standard the military is an eye - catching bird with the dense , bushy scarlet feathers of the forehead , a feature it shares only with the great green or buffon’s macaw .
by dcoetzee ( own work ) [ cc0 ] , via wikimedia commons military macaws have recently been listed as endangered under the endangered species act .
be especially aware of toxins in your home if you allow your macaw to roam freely in your home .
blue and gold macaw looking at the camera . gk hart / vikki hart / digital vision / getty images
in the wild , military macaws live in small flocks . in captivity , the parrot & apos ; s owner becomes part of its flock , and those who want a military macaw should understand this . this is not a pet that you can buy and ignore ; these birds need interaction and mental stimulation . if you don & apos ; t oblige them , you will pay the price in wrecked property , sore fingers , and frustration . a bored macaw is no one & apos ; s friend .
macaws are not as long lived as cockatoos , but they do have lengthy life spans . a 40 - year - old macaw shows definite signs of aging . a 50 - year - old macaw is very old .
buffon ' s macaw from www . susanclubb . com ! pdfi . com / mbufpdf downloaded 16 oct 2014 .
if you get a macaw , it will make you wonder why you ever waited so long to get one .
cruz - nieto , j . ; ortiz - maciel , g . ; cruz - nieto , m . ; bujanda - rico , m . ; enkerlin , e . 2006 . military macaw nesting cliff in otachique , chihuahua , mexico . psittascene 18 : 14 .
a popular cage bird , the military macaw’s wild population is rapidly diminishing as more and more birds are being captured for the pet trade ( 1 ) . military macaws have bright green plumage , with vibrant red head feathers and a black beak . blue and red tail feathers and bright blue flight feathers add to this bird’s colourful appearance , and make it easy to understand why it is such a popular pet ( 2 ) .
you will need to feed you macaw a variety of good parrot food like organic pellets which are a good base .
military macaws ( ara militaris ) are among the largest parrots . these lively , boisterous birds are often overlooked as plain - colored compared to the more brilliantly colored macaws . but , as with other macaws , military macaws are very intelligent and relatively easy to train . they are a favorite for shows and trick training .
century . according to the french ornithologist adolphe boucard writing in 1878 , military macaws were nesting in inaccessible ravines near the fuego - acatenango volcanos in central guatemala .
usually found in pairs or in small flocks of up to ten birds ( 6 ) , the military macaw feeds on seeds , nuts , berries and fruit ( 2 ) . roosts consisting of far larger numbers of birds are found on cliffs or in large trees ( 6 ) . the breeding season in mexico is in june , when the military macaw lays a clutch of two to three eggs ( 5 ) . these eggs are generally laid in nests on or near cliff faces , which offers the nest and its inhabitants a little more protection ( 2 ) .
usually found in pairs or in small flocks of up to ten birds ( 6 ) , the military macaw feeds on seeds , nuts , berries and fruit ( 2 ) . roosts consisting of far larger numbers of birds are found on cliffs or in large trees ( 6 ) . the breeding season in mexico is in june , when the military macaw lays a clutch of two to three eggs ( 5 ) . these eggs are generally laid in nests on or near cliff faces , which offers the nest and its inhabitants a little more protection ( 2 ) .
progress and outcomes : wpt began funding the study ' ecology and conservation of the military macaw ( ara militaris ) ' in 2002 . the project aimed to survey population numbers along the jalisco coast of mexico , study reproductive ecology and food use , and implement outreach programs in local communities .
how hyacinth macaw grow up from eggs until fly ( free flight ) in indonesia . ig : andy _ hoo _ brankass
the service listed the great green macaw as endangered under the endangered species act . the great green macaw has small populations in costa rica , colombia , ecuador , honduras , nicaragua , and panama . the total population of the great green macaw is likely between 1 , 000 and 3 , 000 individuals , and is in decline . the great green macaw is highly dependant on the almendro tree ( tropical almond tree ) , which is listed on appendix iii of cites in costa rica and nicaragua .
macaw species can range from the tiny hahn’s macaw to the impressively large hyacinth macaw . they can be quite entertaining companion parrots . with a good positive reinforcement approach to training and handling many macaws learn to enjoy cuddling and can be very interactive with their caregivers . macaws are certainly capable of learning a number of impressive tricks and are commonly seen demonstrating their skills in bird shows .
the happy macaw couple enjoy a very traditional lifestyle whereas the female alone will tend the eggs for at least twenty eight days .
this macaw , formerly resident in the western highlands , was said to be the region’s first documented vertebrate extinction in historical times .
military macaws are native to central america and south america . their range generally extends from mexico to argentina , though they & apos ; re not found everywhere in that area .
hahn ' s macaws can become good talkers with practice . while they do exhibit many typical macaw behaviors such as screaming , they are a good choice for the bird lover that wants a macaw but isn ' t quite ready to take on a large bird .
some species of the macaws blush . the buffon’s macaw and the blue and gold macaws blush when they are excited and want mate .
a bare patch around the eyes of some macaw species can change color when the parrot is excited . by skeeze / pixabay . com
also when purchasing a cage you need to make sure it is large enough for the macaw to live , play and move around .
mexican green military macaws , a . m . mexicana population - the northernmost subspecies is located in mexico from southeastern sonora and sinaloa south to the yucatan and perhaps into western guatemala .
the greenwing macaw is often seen in the arms of young children . they are gentle and tolerant if socialized well . you will get out of any macaw just what you are willing to put into one . they are smart , loving and can be a great companion !
the military macaw is considered
vulnerable
on the iucn red list for endangered species . though the overall population exceeds 10 , 000 , habitat loss and trapping for the pet trade has placed some regional populations in the endangered category . without the protections established for the entire species , the decline could become even more rapid .
this young blue throated macaw demonstrates a variety of behaviors he learned via positive reinforcement training . you can read more about his training on the
if you decide to purchase one of these beautiful birds from a breeder you should really consider sending your new feathered friend to a trainer to be properly trained by an expert with military macaws .
macaws often attack people , especially strangers . by the reaction of the one attacked the macaw learns that it can control humans by threatened behaviors .
last week i had a new quaker in the adoption program out sitting on her cage and brigette climbed up next to her and yelled hello at full macaw volume , poor little quaker almost fell over from the noise . if i was to get another macaw i would go for a female
a wide variety of wooden toys or plain , untreated chunks of wood to chew on should be provided on a rotating basis to your macaw .
ara ambiguus , the great green or buffon ' s macaw probably received that scientific name because way back when ( 1811 , according to the iucn ) people didn ' t know whether it was really a distinct species from the military macaw , ara militaris . they also didn ' t know their latin very well , because they initially named it ara ambigua . but ara ( the genus name for macaw ) is masculine , while ambigua is an adjective for a female noun . in 2002 some guys who knew latin better pointed this out and the name was changed from ara ambigua to the grammatically correct ara ambiguus . so now you know !
this species is among the larger birds of the parrot family , with some military macaws reaching up to 30 inches from the beak to the tip of the tail feathers . they can have wingspans of over 40 inches and adults typically weigh about 2 pounds . they are nearest in size to the scarlet macaw and one of the smallest large macaws .
my friend breeds all three , and says there is nothing like a military . she says they are awesome , if raised right , and have good genetics . { the latter makes a huge difference in macaw personality } or i should say , she did breed all three . she just gave all her breeding up , and purchased a huge sanctuary .
the green - winged macaw ( ara chloropterus ) is featured on the newest cites collector pin in the series . now available in the afa store !
provide your military macaw with a diet consisting of sprouted or soaked sunflower seeds , walnuts , brazil nuts , pecans and pine nuts . veggies and fruits like banana , corn on the cob , apples and oranges can also be provided . cheese cubes and wholemeal breads can be given to the bird occasionally . chicken can provide the bird with the necessary protein .
a macaw needs a cage tall enough to prevent its tail feathers from hitting the cage bottom , which can cause the tail feathers to bend or break . overall , a macaw needs a much larger cage and play stand than other parrot species , so a potential owner should take space considerations into account .
hybrid macaws are unlike any other macaw species , bred strictly for color and pet quality . because these birds are of mixed heritage , they possess the combined personality traits of the species that were crossed to produce them . only an experienced owner with a thorough understanding of macaw behavior should consider a hybrid .
a gregarious and intelligent parrot , military macaws are a popular choice for bird shows . training them is relatively easy with treats and they love to learn tricks . some even become potty trained to only go in their cage . though not as good of talkers as other parrots , this macaw can be a talkative bird and learn a handful of words and phrases .
friendly and comical , the severe macaw ' s large personality makes it a favorite with bird lovers . with adequate socialization , severe macaws bond quickly with their owners , responding well to training and boasting impressive speech abilities . they ' re as needy as other macaw varieties , but severe macaws can be charming companions .
rivera - ortíz , f . a . , contreras - gonzález , a . m . , soberanes - gonzález , c . a . , valiente - banuet , a . and arizmendi , c . 2008 . seasonal abundance and breeding chronology of the military macaw ( ara militaris ) in a semi - arid region of central mexico . ornitologia neotropical 19 : 255 - 263 .
rivera - ortíz , f . a . , oyama , k . , villar - rodríguez , c . l . , contreras - gonzález , a . m . and del coro arizmendi , m . 2016 . the use of tree cavities and cliffs by the military macaw ( ara militaris ) in salazares nayarit , mexico . revista mexicana de biodiversidad 87 : 540 - 544 .
interaction . in other words , they ' re high - maintenance pets . but if you ' re ok with a pet that requires a significant time investment from its owner , a macaw may be a good option . here are a few of the different types of macaw , and what makes each one a little different .
we ' ve had both macaw species ( and of course coco is a gw ) military macaws . . . ours was unhealthy from the day she was shipped to us , and you may know the story of how & why she died at 18 months old . so i can ' t really use her to compare , because she was so ill . however , i have known a very robust & healthy military macaw . while i love their fiesty personality , the green wings have my heart green wings are very affectionate and gentle , love to have fun , and are less demanding ( in my opinion ) . militaries make wonderful pets , but can be slightly more challenging than a gw . that varies of course - they are all individuals . either species are great !
if you consider having one of these magnificent macaws you should be aware of a few things . mentioned below are some features of the natural behavior of the macaw :
rivera - ortiz , f . a . , oyama , k . , rios - munoz , c . a . , solorzano , s . , navarro - siguenza , a . g . and del coro arizmendi , m . 2013 . habitat characterization and modeling of the potential distribution of the military macaw ( ara militaris ) in mexico . revista mexicana de biodiversidad 84 : 1200 - 1215 .
behaviour : military macaw lives in pairs or in family groups . but it is often seen in flocks up to 40 birds at communal roosts where they sleep at night , in tall trees or on cliff - faces . they are very noisy and conspicuous at dawn and dusk , during their flights between the roost and their feeding areas . during these flights , pairs’ mates fly close to each other .
sometimes when i am in my back yard feeding the chickens or pulling weeds , i hear a
squau / e
followed by ' ' knock it off ' ' ' in the same voice , hoarse but high , rather like a man trying to imitate a woman . i know that both sides of the conversation come from the same source : clinger , my neighbor ' s military macaw .
hey everyone this week ' s video is on the personality of a military macaw as a companion bird . i had rita help me out with this video . don ' t forget get to hit like , subscribe , and share . thanks for taking the time to check out this video , and make sure you check out my music on all major online outlets , and streaming apps . just search freedomandforgiven
tends to be real out going but the military is very shy . buster ( military ) does not come out of her cage . i can pet her , and cuddle her , kissing but she stays put in her cage . also she tends to be very loud when she goes off . it can be for a longer time . buster also can be nippy , in fact she is the nippest of all 7 macaws in the house right now . bridgette is the
macaws are informally classified into two groups : large macaws and mini macaws . the large macaws include those of the ara , anodorhynchus , and cyanopsitta genera . this “blue macaws” group includes the hyacinth , along with the critically endangered lear’s macaw and spix’s macaw . the mini macaws are much smaller and include those from the genera diopsittaca , orthopsittaca , and primolius .
these birds have bold black beaks and dark gray legs and feet . their eyes are framed by the classic bare macaw facial patches , each with concentric rings of small black feathers .
horizontal macaw box , 16
x 16
x 48
( 40 . 6cm x 40 . 6cm x 122cm ) or 35 gal . ( 133 l ) pickle barrel .
those interested in owning a military macaw should learn as much as they can about the species before bringing one home . for example , like all macaws , these birds will rise with the sun each morning , and they will shout it loud for the world to hear . this happens again in the evening . while they & apos ; re generally considered one of the quieter macaws , they can screech and have a distinct croak .
the military macaw is a good - natured bird who is easily tamed with the right care and socialization . in the wild , they are rarely alone , living in pairs or flocks of 10 to 20 birds , and they & apos ; ll bring this instinct into their home with humans . though some can prefer one person—or even men or women—socializing them with a variety of people will help the bird be friendly to a variety of people .
service revises proposal to list the hyacinth macaw under the endangered species act , reopens comment period the striking , brilliant hyacinth macaw , like many other parrots in central and south america , is facing an uphill battle . when combined with its naturally low reproductive rate , stressors related to habitat loss , reduced growth of new forest , hunting , predation , disease , competition and the effects of climate change are putting the hyacinth macaw at further risk of decline , prompting the u . s . fish and wildlife service to propose protecting the bird as threatened under the endangered species act .
collar , n . , boesman , p . & sharpe , c . j . ( 2018 ) . military macaw ( ara militaris ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the cage itself needs to be large and at least 2 . 5 - by 3 - foot , though larger is better . if you can create a dedicated bird room , your bird will be very happy . be sure to include a large perch inside the cage and have a play stand for time outside his home . the military macaw may become territorial , so you might find it best to limit interaction while he & apos ; s in the cage .
we have experience with all three , military , gws and buffons and all three species make great pets but their behavior is different , one calm gw another gw hyper active . although we have a few talkers here , none of the 3 species chat a lot although they do say a few words . the military is the smallest of the 3 species so if your hubby wants a smaller bird , the military might be the best choice for him . none of ours are screamers although if they get upset they will be very loud . their personalities are their own , not species specific . i think you are going in the right direction by allowing whichever species of bird your husband decides to get to choose him . some pet owners like active and some like more calm personalities . keep us updated !
a larger parrot means everything can be a bit more intense . therefore a bite from a large macaw has the potential to be much more painful than that of a cockatiel . however when you use positive reinforcement to train , biting does not have to be a part of owning a parrot . for a video segment on training an aggressive blue and gold macaw to step up nicely try the dvd “
the military macaw is protected by law in venezuela ( 1 ) and is on appendix i of the convention on international trade in endangered species ( cites ) , meaning that trade in this species is permitted only in exceptional circumstances ( 3 ) . several of the healthy populations of the macaws are in reserves such as the el cielo biosphere reserve in mexico and the many other protected areas in the macaw’s range ( 4 ) . as little is known about the size or ecological requirements of these populations , further studies and monitoring have been proposed ( 1 ) . controlling the capture of these birds for the pet trade could also slow the decline in populations ( 1 ) .
although some macaws are quite big and can be intimidating for some people , they are a group that tends to give easy to read body language or signals . for example the facial patch on a macaw will flush when a macaw is highly aroused or showing aggressive behavior . eye pinning is also easily observed because most macaws have a very light iris . an exception to this is the hyacinth macaw . while eye pinning can be observed in macaws , it is more difficult to see due to the brown iris of this type of parrot . to learn more try the dvd “ understanding parrot body language ”
unlike other parrots , military macaws tend to prefer arid lands over tropical rainforests . they can be found in open and dry forests and treelines near water . however , some of the south american populations can be found in the humid lowland forests as well as canyons and foothills .
the greenwing macaw has a very sweet disposition , and respond well to training . they ' ll need attention and time to bond with their owners but will thrive in a supportive environment . if you ' re considering this bird as a pet ( or any macaw , for that matter ) , don ' t expect to leave it for long stretches of time . this bird needs a lot of social interaction .
some macaw lifespans range from 30 - 50 years if not more . mini macaws have a lifespan at the lower end of this range while a healthy large macaw can be expected to live 50 years or more with good nutrition and care . many macaws are included in wills and end of life plans since they often outlive their humans , though some common diseases and poor nutrition can drastically shorten these anticipated lifespans .
nutrition is commonly neglected with pet birds . you should discuss your macaw ' s nutrition with your veterinarian . too often owners assume they are feeding a proper diet to their macaw when in fact they are not ! this is a common reason for many health problems . it is important to continually strive to improve your bird ' s diet . this involves constantly educating yourself as well as a certain degree of common sense . it is insufficient to feed a macaw just to maintain life ; instead , your goal should be to help it thrive and flourish . your bird ' s health depends on how well it is fed .
large macaws have equally large vocalizations , and their squawks and screeches can be quite loud and ear piercing . a potential macaw owner needs to take a macaw’s large sound into consideration , especially if he or she lives in an apartment and / or has nearby neighbors . macaws can be taught to talk and they might also be inclined to whistle or to imitate sounds and noises they hear inside and outside the home .
the caninde or blue throated macaw as most people prefer to call them are delightful little birds . they are much smaller than the blue and gold macaws with the blue a blue green rather than the blue - blue
military macaws have small , isolated ranges in central and south america . in mexico , they are found in the foothills of mountainous terrain , in arid pine and oak forests and savannahs . in south america , they are found in hilly rainforests ( mostly in venezuela , bolivia and colombia ) .
last week i had a new quaker in the adoption program out sitting on her cage and brigette climbed up next to her and yelled hello at full macaw volume , poor little quaker almost fell over from the noise .
while they aren & apos ; t known for being especially affectionate , military macaws that have been properly handled and socialized can become tame and easy - going companions . they might enjoy some cuddling and petting , though its best to let your individual bird take the lead and learn its personal boundaries .
macaws are native to the southern portion of north america ( mexico ) plus central america and south america . evidence shows that the caribbean also had native macaw species , which are now extinct , such as the cuban macaw ( ara tricolor ) and the saint croix macaw ( ara autochthones ) . they inhabit rainforests , as well as grasslands and grassy woodland - type areas . macaws , and other parrot species , native to the amazon basin , such as peru , have been observed eating from clay licks ( clay at exposed river bank ) , which researchers believe is a way for the parrots to neutralize toxins found in some of the foods they consume in the wild .
affectionate but somewhat mischievous , the yellow collared macaw has a reputation for being an intelligent and resourceful little parrot . they thrive on attention from their owners , and like other macaws will seek that attention by any means necessary .
the hyacinth macaw is also called
the majestic macaw , the great macaw , the big blue . . . . . .
. by whatever name they are known , they are very impressive and quite lovely . hyacinths are large blue birds , rather striking in appearance . they have a bare facial patch in a gold / yellow color which jumps out and makes them appear to be smiling or laughing . the skin of the hyacinth needs the sunlight to turn it gold . if looking to purchase one , check out the facial patch . a healthy bird will have a deep , rich yellow or gold in contrast to the pale yellow or light gold of an unhealthy bird .
there is a small debate as to which is the largest parrot , the hyacinth macaw or the rare kakapo . this is a bit of a toss up . hyacinth macaws are longer in length , but the kakapo weighs more .
silhol , s . 2013 . international studbook for the buffon ' s macaw . pare zooligique des sables d ' olonne , france . available along with other documents on the species in europe from the author at email ssilhol @ urltoken
great blog entry . my blue and gold is exactly as you describe them here . would love to find a rescue blue throat but may have to look for awhile because they are so uncommon here in new england…but i do know where there is a military so i’m reading everything i can find . : - )
militaries do well in a large macaw cage as an indoor pet . they enjoy toys , especially wood items that they can chew . they are quite capable talkers and can be easily trained , including being potty trained to the cage .
mueller , m . 2000 . review of the in situ status of the great green of buffon ' s macaw and the european endangered species programme ( eep ) . int . zoo . yb . , 37 : 183 - 190 .
hubby and i call the caninde macaw the little carpenters of the macaw world . oh what those little stinkers can do ! i have run into the house yelling for hubby to
come quick , they did it again ! drop everything . . . . hurry !
it is hard to believe that anything that only measures 24
from the top of its head to the tip of its tail could get into so much mischief , so easily and so often !
federal register . 2015 . endangered and threatened wildlife and plants ; two foreign macaw species . docket no . fws - r9 - es - 2011 - 0101 ; 450 003 0115 . department of the interior , fish and wildlife service .
military macaws are mainly green , with more of a bright lime green on the head that progresses into darker and olive greens on the body . they have brilliant blue edging on their wings and a bright red tuft on their foreheads . the tail feathers include browns and reds , with a yellow - olive tint underneath .
history : the military macaw ' s range is large , from mexico to argentina , but is heavily fragmented . it is gone from many areas , especially in mexico , and is only local elsewhere ( howell and webb 1995a , k . renton in litt . 2007 ) . in argentina the only records since 1991 are of approximately 50 individuals and in bolivia a total of 37 individuals in 8 of 21 known locations ( l . rivera in litt . 2012 ) . populations in mexico , venezuela and colombia face continuing threats , and further losses are expected .
a macaw might make a game out of spooking people by leaning forward and lunging toward them . this is not done as an aggressive gesture but more for the reaction it causes . in general , a well - socialized , positively interacted with macaw can be a gentle pet . macaws from the ara genus , such as green - winged , scarlet , and blue - and - gold macaws , have a bare facial patch , which turns flush when the bird is overly excited .
well i sort of have both . i have a miligold and a harlequin , both blue and gold hybrids , one is paired with a greenwing , the other with a military to get my babies . they are almost complete opposites . the military hybrid is phoenix , and he is more nippy , if you accidentally get a pin feather , you will get a nip , not a bite , but a nip . he is hilarious though , such a unique sense of humor , and always playing on his back . he is silly and can talk very well . he knows about 20 words now , he is almost 3 . he is very special to me .


bembecia psoraleae is a moth of the sesiidae family .

it is found in france , spain , portugal and italy .

the wingspan is about 24 mm .

the larvae feed on the roots of psoralea bituminosa .

bembecia psoraleae

eine neue art der gattung bembecia hübner , 1819 aus südwesteuropa : bembecia psoraleae spec . nov . ( lepidoptera : sesiidae )
have a fact about bembecia psoraleae ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
have a definition for bembecia psoraleae ? write it here to share it with the entire community .
garrevoet , t . & garrevoet , w . ( 2016 ) : on the status of bembecia zebo špatenka & gorbunov , 1992 ; bembecia pamira špatenka , 1992 ; bembecia kreuzbergi špatenka & bartsch , 2010 and bembecia martensi gorbunov , 1994 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) .
bembecia psoraleae bartsch & bettag , 1997 : bartsch & bettag ( 1997 ) : 29 . [ description originale ] bartsch , d . & bettag , e . 1997 . eine neue art der gattung bembecia hübner , 1819 aus südwesteuropa : bembecia psoraleae spec . nov . ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . , 18 ( 1 ) : 29 - 40 .
bembecia psoraleae bartsch & bettag , 1997 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo nf 18 ( 1 ) : 30 ; tl : s . spain , malaga , serrania de ronda , cortes de la frontera
tautel , c . ( 2009 ) : bembecia hymenopteriformis ( bellier , 1860 ) reste a decouvrir en corse . bembecia uroceriformis f . subiti nov . , forme remarquable de corse de bembecia uroceriformis ( treitschke , 1834 ) ( lep . sesiidae ) . – oreina 6 , 37 .
bembecia pavicevici tosevski , 1989 ; fragm . balc . 14 : 85 ; tl : macedonia , konsko
bembecia pavicevici dobrovskyi spatenka , 1997 ; ; tl : s . greece , taygetos - gorge , exohori
bartsch & bettag ( 1997 ) : 31 . [ statut pour la france métropolitaine ] bartsch , d . & bettag , e . 1997 . eine neue art der gattung bembecia hübner , 1819 aus südwesteuropa : bembecia psoraleae spec . nov . ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . nachrichten des entomologischen vereins apollo , n . f . , 18 ( 1 ) : 29 - 40 .
bembecia megillaeformis luqueti spatenka , 1992 ; alexanor 17 ( 7 ) : 434 ; tl : w . france , vaunes , angers
bembecia joesti bettag , 1997 ; nachr . ent . ver . apollo nf 18 ( 1 ) : 23 ; tl : morocco , boulemane
bembecia puella lastüvka , 1989 ; scripta fac . sci . nat . univ . purk . brun . 19 : 85 ; tl : slovakia , plesivec
bembecia fokidensis tosevski , 1991 ; atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 169 , pl . xixb , f . 1a - b ; tl : greece , thessalia , domokos
bembecia parthica ; gorbunov , 1991 , atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 131 ( note ) , f . 15 - 18 , pl . xxii , f . 7
bembecia lasicera ; spatenka & tosevski , 1994 , atalanta 25 ( 1 / 2 ) : 314 ( note ) , f . 1b ( gen . ) , pl . xiiia , f . 2
bembecia puella ; gorbunov , 1991 , atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 131 ( note ) , pl . xxii , f . 8 ; de freina , 1997 , [ bsw4 ] , 146
garrevoet , t . & garrevoet , w . ( 2011 ) : bembecia lingenhoelei , a new clearwing moth from tajikistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . – phegea 39 ( 2 ) , 73 - 79 .
garrevoet , t . & lingenhöle , a . ( 2011 ) : bembecia bartschi , a new clearwing moth from tajikistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . – entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 4 ) , 157 - 161 .
bartsch , d . ( 2012 ) : revision of types of several species of bembecia hübner , 1819 from northern africa and southwestern europe ( sesiidae ) . – nota lepidopterologica 35 ( 2 ) , 125 - 133 .
lingenhöle , a . & bartsch , d . ( 2011 ) : bembecia garrevoeti sp . nov . aus dem östlichen hissargebirge in tadschikistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . – entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 4 ) , 163 - 167 .
spatenka , k . & bartsch , d . ( 2010 ) : drei neue arten von bembecia hübner , [ 1819 ] aus usbekistan ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . – entomologische zeitschrift 120 ( 1 ) , 41 - 45 .
bembecia guesnoni spatenka & tosevski , 1994 ; atalanta 25 ( 1 / 2 ) : 313 , f . 1a ( gen . ) , pl . xiiia , f . 1 ; tl : india , ladakh , park terk , 3500m
bembecia gegamica gorbunov , 1991 ; atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 131 , f . 11 - 14 , pl . xxii , f . 6 ; tl : armenia , khosrov nature reserve , 40°00 ' n , 44°54 ' e , 1800m
tosevski , i . ( 2011c ) : bembecia bumbureta sp . n . – a new species of clearwing moths from north - western pakistan ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . – zastita bilja ( plant protection ) 62 ( 3 ) , 197 - 202 .
garrevoet , t . , bartsch , d . & lingenhöle , a . ( 2013 ) : on the knowledge of bembecia rushana gorbunov , 1992 and some related species ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . - nota lepidopterologica 36 ( 2 ) , 95 - 108 .
bembecia daghestanica gorbunov , 1991 ; atalanta 22 ( 2 / 4 ) : 129 , f . 7 - 10 , pl . xxii , f . 5 ; tl : ne . caucasus , daghestan , ~ 2km nw upper gunib , 42°29 ' n 46°51 ' e , 1700m
tosevski , i . ( 2011a ) : bembecia diamerica sp . n . – a new species of clerwing [ sic ] moth ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from aston rama valley in north west pakistan . – zastita bilja ( plant protection ) 62 ( 1 ) , 39 - 43 .
kallies , a . & bartsch , d . ( 2010 ) : revision of some types of the genus bembecia hübner , 1819 in the püngeler collection in the museum for natural history of the humboldt university , berlin ( sesiidae ) . – nota lepidopterologica 33 ( 1 ) , 81 - 84 .
stalling , t . , bartsch , d . , garrevoet , t . , lingenhöle , a . & altermatt , f . ( 2011 ) : bembecia hissorensis , a new species of clearwing moths from tajikistan , central asia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) . – entomologische zeitschrift 121 ( 4 ) , 169 - 172 .
spatenka , k . & lastuvka , z . ( 1990 ) : zur taxonomie von bembecia scopigera ( scopoli , 1763 ) , b . ichneumoniformis ( [ denis & schiffermüller ] , 1775 ) und b . albanensis ( rebel , 1918 ) ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . – entomofauna 11 ( 5 ) , 109 - 121 .
pühringer , f . & kallies , a . ( 2004 ) : provisional checklist of the sesiidae of the world ( lepidoptera : ditrysia ) . – mitteilungen der entomologischen arbeitsgemeinschaft salzkammergut 4 , 1 - 85 ; updated by f . pühringer .
, a - 4817 st . konrad , austria ; © dr . axel kallies , the walter and eliza hall institute , 1g royal parade , parkville , victoria 3050 , australia )
euthrenini fischer 2006b : 219 [ afrokona fischer 2006 ] ; unavailable ( art . 29 . 1 iczn )
( felder & felder 1874 : 9 , pl . 82 ) , trochilina 14
( boisduval in guerin - meneville [ 1832 ] : pl . 84 : fig . 3 ) ,
( esper 1800 : 29 ) , sphinx ; rejected name ( opinion nr . 1287 iczn )
( linnaeus 1758 : 493 ) , sphinx ; rejected name ( opinion nr . 1288 iczn )
( snellen 1900 : 34 ) , sesia ; junior primary homonym of sesia thysbe f . uniformis grote & robinson 1868
[ as trichocerata myrmosaeformis var . lucida ( lederer 1853 ) , nomen nudum ]
taxa originally described as sesia spp . ( never assigned to sesiidae , but available for homonymy )
( cramer [ 1776 ] : 95 , 152 ( index ) , pl . 61 , fig . c ) ,
agassiz , j . l . r . ( [ 1847 ] ) : nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis . – nomenclator zoologicus 2 ( 12 ) ( 1846 ) , 393 pp . ( 319 )
alpheraky , s . n . ( 1882 ) : lépidoptères du district de kouldjà et des montagnes environnantes . iième partie . heterocera . – horae societatis entomologicae rossicae 17 , 15 - 103 , pls 1 - 3 . ( 18 - 22 , pl . 1 )
amsel , h . - g . ( 1933 ) : die lepidopteren palästinas . eine zoogeographisch - ökologisch - faunistische studie . – zoogeographica 2 , 1 - 146 . ( 25 )
amsel , h . - g . ( 1935 ) : neue palästinensische lepidopteren . – mitteilungen aus dem zoologischen museum in berlin 20 , 271 - 319 . ( 277 - 278 )
arita , y . ( 1989 ) : two new and an unrecorded clearwing moths ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from thailand . – microlepidoptera of thailand 2 , 9 - 14 .
( moore ) ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from japan . – tyo to ga 43 ( 3 ) , 221 - 224 .
dehne ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of japan . – japanese journal of entomology 60 ( 2 ) , 449 - 462 .
( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from yakushima island , japan . – tyo to ga 44 ( 2 ) , 77 - 80 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1995a ) : sesiidae of nepal . in haruta , t . ( ed . ) : moths of nepal . – tinea 14 ( suppl . 2 ) , 194 - 206 , pls 108 + 128 .
hampson , [ 1893 ] ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of the oriental region . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 46 ( 2 ) , 103 - 111 .
types ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) kept in the hope entomological collections , oxford university , uk . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 46 ( 4 ) , 185 - 205 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1995d ) : a revision of the genus heterosphecia le cerf , 1916 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , osminiini ) . – tinea 14 ( 2 ) , 131 - 141 .
hübner , [ 1819 ] ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from thailand . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 47 ( 3 ) , 157 - 173 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . , ( 1996b ) : a revision of ferdinand le cerf ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , kept at the paris museum . i . the genus
hübner , [ 1819 ] in the oriental and australian regions . – japanese journal of systematic entomology 2 ( 2 ) , 137 - 187 .
clearwing moth ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from kyushu , japan . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 48 ( 1 ) , 33 - 38 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1998a ) : a revision of ferdinand le cerf ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , kept at the paris museum . iii . the genus
le cerf , 1916 in the oriental region . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 49 ( 1 ) , 19 - 29 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 1998b ) : a revision of embrik strand ' s clearwing moth types ( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) from taiwan . – chinese journal of entomology 18 ( 3 ) , 141 - 165 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2000a ) : on the tribe melittiini ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of vietnam . – tinea 16 ( 4 ) , 252 - 291 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2000b ) : notes on the tribe osminiini ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from vietnam , with descriptions of new taxa . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 51 ( 1 ) , 49 - 74 .
le cerf , 1916 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , osminiini ) of vietnam and adjacent countries . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 51 ( 3 ) , 205 - 214 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . ( 2001 ) : sesiidae of taiwan . i . the tribes tinthiini , similipepsini , paraglosseciini , pennisetiini , paranthrenini and cissuvorini . – japanese journal of systematic entomology 7 ( 2 ) , 131 - 188 .
hampson ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from taiwan . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 53 ( 4 ) , 241 - 244 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2002b ) : sesiidae of taiwan . ii . the tribes osminiini , melittiini and sesiini . – japanese journal of systematic entomology 8 ( 2 ) , 199 - 241 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2003a ) : new taxa of wasp - waisted clearwing moths ( lepidoptera , sesiidae , similipepsini ) from vietnam . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 1 ) , 11 - 19 .
arita , y . & gorbunov , o . g . ( 2003b ) : in arita , y . , gorbunov , o . g . & mohamed , m . : on the knowledge of the clearwing moth ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) of the maliau basin , sabah , borneo . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 2 ) , 131 - 142 .
( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from north vietnam . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 52 ( 1 ) , 51 - 57 .
arita , y . & kallies , a . ( 2003 ) : a new species of the genus trilochana moore , 1879 ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from sulawesi . – transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 54 ( 4 ) , 229 - 232 . arita , y . & kallies , a . ( 2005 ) : see kallies , a . & arita , y . ( 2005 ) .
arita , y . & kimura , m . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .
arita , y . , kallies , a . , hsu , y . - f . , liang , j . - y . , lai , b . - c . , yang , m . - m . & yata , n . ( 2016 ) : polymorphism of nokona pilamicola ( strand , [ 1916 ] ) ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) in taiwan .
arita , y . , kimura , m . & owada , m . ( 2009 ) : two new species of the clearwing moth ( sesiidae ) from okinawa - jima , the ryukyus . –
transactions of the lepidopterological society of japan 60 ( 3 ) , 189 - 192 .
arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) : vicariance in the macroscelesia japona species - group ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) in the ryukyus , japan . – tinea 23 ( 4 ) , 184 - 198 . arita , y . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .
kallies & arita , 1998 ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , paranthrenini ) from south - east asia , with list of literature on oriental sesiidae published since 1988 . – entomologische zeitschrift 114 ( 3 ) , 116 - 120 .
( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from japan . – japanese journal of entomology 57 ( 1 ) , 61 - 66 .
arita , y . & tosevski , i . ( 1992 ) : in tosevski , i . & arita , y . : a new species of the clearwing moth genus
( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) from the ryukyus . – japanese journal of entomology 60 ( 3 ) , 619 - 623 .
( lepidoptera : sesiidae ) of japan . – tinea 12 ( suppl . ) , 158 - 167 .
arita , y . & yata , n . ( 2016 ) : see arita , y . , kimura , m . , yata , n . & nagase , m . ( 2016 ) .
arita , y . & xu , z . ( 1994a ) : in arita , y . , xu , z . & liu , x . : a new
( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) , clearwing borer on pecan from nanjing , china . – tinea 14 ( 1 ) , 61 - 64 .
arita , y . & xu , z . ( 1994b ) : in arita , y . , xu , z . & liu , x . : description of a new
clearwing moth injuring poplar street trees in lhasa , tibet ( lepidoptera , sesiidae ) . – tyo to ga 45 ( 3 ) , 193 - 199 .
assmann , a . ( 1845 ) : schwärmer oder dämmerungsschmetterlinge ( sphinges ) . – abbildung und beschreibung der schmetterlinge schlesiens 2 , 48 pp , 26 pls . ( 17 - 26 , 45 - 47 , pls 5 - 7 , 24 )
aurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1879 ) : lepidoptera damarensia . förteckning pa fjärilar insamlade i damaralandet af g . de vylder aren 1873 och 1874 jemte beskrifning öfver förut okända arter . – öfversigt af kongliga vetenskaps - akademiens förhandlingar 36 ( 7 ) , 39 - 69 . ( 47 - 48 )
aurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1905 ) : lieutnant a . schultzes sammlung von lepidopteren aus west - afrika . – arkiv för zoologi 2 ( 12 ) , 1 - 47 , 5 pls . ( 43 - 46 )
aurivillius , p . o . c . ( 1909 ) : lepidoptera , rhopalocera und heterocera ( pars i ) von madagaskar , den comoren und den inseln ostafrikas . in voeltzkow , a . : reise in ostafrika in den jahren 1903 - 1905 , wissenschaftliche ergebnisse 2 , [ 309 ] - 348 , 19 pls . ( 342 , pl . 19 )
bakowski , m . , bartsch , d . & kallies , a . ( 2008 ) : a review of the similipepsini of the afrotropical region ( lepidoptera : sesiidae : tinthiini ) . – annales zoologici 58 ( 4 ) , 785 - 797 .
barnes , w . & benjamin , f . h . ( 1925 ) : change of a preoccupied name ( lepidoptera : aegeriidae ) . – proceedings of the entomological society of washington 27 ( 1 ) , 14 .
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de freina , j . j . : see freina , j . j . de
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edwards , h . ( 1882b ) : further notes and descriptions of north american aegeriadae . – papilio 2 ( 6 ) , 96 - 99 .
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edwards , h . ( 1883 ) : new species of aegeriadae . – papilio 3 ( 7 - 10 ) , 155 - 157 .
edwards , h . ( 1885 ) : new species of californian moths . – entomologica americana 1 ( 3 ) , 49 - 50 . ( 49 )
edwards , h . ( 1887 ) : descriptions of new species of north american heterocera , with notes . – the canadian entomologist 19 ( 8 ) , 145 - 147 .
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new check list
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sp . nov . , eine neue glasflüglerart aus den cameron highlands in malaysia ( lepidoptera : sesiidae , sesiinae ) . – entomologische zeitschrift 113 ( 5 ) , 139 - 141 .
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