bebearia laetitioides is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found in the eastern part of the democratic republic of the congo and western uganda .

the habitat consists of forests .

bebearia laetitioides

bebearia laetitioides ; ypm ent 422412 ; africa ; belgian congo ; beni , ituri forest ; gowan c . clark ; 1947 - 03
bebearia laetitioides ; ypm ent 422416 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1956 - 05
bebearia laetitioides ; ypm ent 422410 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; norman p . mitton ; 1961 - 09
bebearia laetitioides ; ypm ent 422413 ; africa ; uganda ; western province ; toro district ; bwamba ; robert h . carcasson ; 1956 - 06
bebearia ( bebearia ) aurora graueri hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 31
etude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe brunhilda kby
etude des bebearia ( note no . 7 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe severini aur .
bebearia mandinga beni hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 11
bebearia sophus monforti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 20
bebearia hassoni hecq , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 2 ) : 39
bebearia fontaineana intersecta hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 35
remarques sur quelques especes de nymphalidae africains des genres euphaedra , bebearia et euriphene .
etude des bebearia ( note no 4 ) . sous - genre apectinaria hecq groupe mardania
bebearia cocalioides hecqi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 46
revision du genre bebearia . note no . 1 . le groupe ' flaminia ' stgr .
bebearia dowsetti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 25 ; tl : rwanda
bebearia bouyeri van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 40
etude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . les groupes du sous - genre apectinaria hecq
bebearia ultima hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 38 ; tl : basse casmance
bebearia faraveli oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 35 ; tl : gabon
bebearia paludicola holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : cameroon
bebearia tini oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : lolo valley
bebearia cocalia insularis kielland , 1985 ; arnoliad zimbabwe 9 ( 19 ) : 271 ; tl : pemba i .
bebearia orientis malawiensis holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 56 ; tl : malawi
bebearia paludicola blandi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 48 ; tl : ghana
bebearia aurora theia hecq , 1989 ; lambillionea 89 : 72 ; tl : shaba , riv . lulua , kapanga
bebearia flaminia leventisi hecq & larsen , 1997 ; lambillionea 97 ( 1 ii ) : 102 , f . 1
bebearia hemming , 1960 ; annot . lep . ( 1 ) : 12 - 17 ; ts : euryphene iturina karsch
bebearia improvisa ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 1
bebearia ivindoensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 36 ; tl : gabon
bebearia lopeensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : gabon
= bebearia senegalensis katera ; hancock , 1992 , j . lep . soc . 46 ( 1 ) : 60 ♂ only
bebearia aurora ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 15 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia kiellandi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia ikelemba kamituga ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia hargreavesi d ' abrera , 1980 ; butterflies of the afrotropical region : 302 ; tl : masisi , n . w . kivu , 5000ft
bebearia fontaineana fontaineana ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 7 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia fontaineana intersecta ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia amieti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 1 , pl . 2 , f . 7 , 10 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia dowsetti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia peetersi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia tessmanni innocuoides hecq , 2000 ; butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 7 ; tl : nigeria , okomu
bebearia ducarmei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia bioculata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 21 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia cutteri camiadei hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 2 , 5 ; tl : congo , bangui
bebearia baueri ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 7 - 8 , pl . 31 , f . 1 - 2
bebearia hargreavesi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 12 , f . 2 - 4 , 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia hassoni ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 7 , pl . 13 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia cottoni ; [ bafr ] , 301 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 9 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia fulgurata ; [ bafr ] , 303 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 9 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia fontainei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 13 , f . 3 - 4
bebearia raeveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 4 , pl . 30 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia allardi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 13 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia picturata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia cutteri cuypersi hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 4 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; tl : congo , lukolela
bebearia schoutedeni ; [ bafr ] , 316 ( text ) ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia ikelemba ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia discors ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 29 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia oremansi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 29 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia liberti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 19 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia tini ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 23 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 30 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia chilonis ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 27 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 32 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia faraveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 24 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 30 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia makala ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia chloeropis ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia braytoni ; [ bafr ] , 304 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
van de weghe , 2007 description de trois nouvelles especes de bebearia du cameroun et du gabon , et mise au point sur certaines especes ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , limenitinae ) ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 35 - 43
bebearia chriemhilda ; [ bafr ] , 302 ; [ bk ] : 308 , pl . 41 , f . 511 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia intermedia ; [ bafr ] , 314 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 22 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia cinaethon ; [ bow ] : pl . 92 , f . 23 ( text only ) ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
euryphene tentyris hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] , pl . [ 22 ] , f . 21 - 22 ; tl : old calabar
euryphene tentyris var . seeldrayersi aurivillius , 1899 ; k . svenska vetenskakad . handl . 31 ( 5 ) : 201 ; tl : congo , momporo
guinea , sierra leone , libera , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]
ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , congo , zaire . see [ maps ]
sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , w . uganda , nw . tanzania . see [ maps ]
euryphene carshena hewitson , 1871 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene vii ) : [ 48 ] , pl . [ 24 ] , f . 31 - 32 ; tl : old calabar
euryphene tentyris var . languida schultze , 1920 ; ergeb . 2tn . dt . zent . afrika exp . 1 ( 14 ) : 724
papilio absolon fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 56
e . guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire
euryphene entebbiae lathy , 1906 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1906 ( 1 ) : 5 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : entebbe , uganda
nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire . see [ maps ]
sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda . see [ maps ]
aterica zonara butler , 1871 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1871 : 81 ; tl : fantee , cape coast
: pl . 92 , f . 20 ( text only , spell . ? )
aterica abesa hewitson , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 1 ) : 74 ; tl : cape coast castle
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire
euryphene oxione hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] ; tl : old calabar
cameroon , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda
euryphene oxione squalida talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : entebbe
cameroon , congo , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba , toro ) . see [ maps ]
euryphene comus ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons
euryphene cinaethon hewitson , 1874 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ix ) : [ 52 ] , pl . [ 26 ] , f . 40 - 41 ; tl : west africa
euryphene ikelemba aurivillius , 1901 ; ent . tidskr . 22 : 116 ; tl : ikelemba r .
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]
papilio cocalia fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 250
zaire ( kivu ) , w . uganda , w . kenya , nw . tanzania
euryphene badiana rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 245 , pl . 20 , f . 23 - 24
e . nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , n . angola , zaire , w . uganda , w . tanzania , w . zambia
senegal , gambia , guinea bissau , n . guinea , n . sierra leone , n . ivory coast . see [ maps ]
euryphene senegalensis herrich - schäffer , [ 1850 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( ii ) 1 : 54 , 1 ( ? 6 ) pl . [ 23 ] , f . 95 - 98
euryphene orientis karsch , 1895 ; ent . nachr . 21 ( 18 ) : 277
euryphene mardania dealbata carcasson , 1958 ; occ . pap . coryndon mus . 5 : 8
nigeria , cameroon , congo , w . zaire , n . angola . see [ maps ]
euryphene guineensis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : guinea , calabar vetus
papilio sophus fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 46
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , . . . ?
euryphene phreone feisthamel , 1850 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 2 ) 8 : 253 ( boisduval )
euryphene sophus audeoudi riley , 1936 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 16 ( 11 ) : 702 , pl . 7 , f . 2
eyryphene sophus ochreata carcasson , 1961 ; occ . pap . coryndon meml mus . ( 7 ) : 8
aterica barce doubleday , 1847 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 20 : 64 ; tl : sierra leone
euryphene barce maculata aurivillius , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 13 : 178 , pl . 40 a
euryphene staudingeri aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 199 ; tl : camerun , n ' dian
nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , angola , zaire , uganda , nw . tanzania , n . zambia . see [ maps ]
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]
e . nigeria , cameroon , e . zaire , gabon . see [ maps ]
nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , c . a . r .
euryphene brunhilda kirby , 1889 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 3 ( 15 ) : 247 ; tl : cameroons
euryphene iturina karsch , 1894 ; ent . nachr . 20 ( 14 / 15 ) : 215
euryphene schoutedeni overlaet , 1954 ; ann . mus . congo belge ( n . s . ) sci . zool . 1 : 490
coastal areas ( e . kenya , e . tanzania ) . see [ maps ]
euryphene chriemhilda staudinger , 1896 ; dt . ent . z . iris 8 ( 2 ) : 370 , pl . 8 , f . 4
euryphene congolensis capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxii ; tl : kassai
euryphene phranza hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ii ) : [ 37 ] , pl . [ 19 ] , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : old calabar
euriphene phranza robiginosus talbot , 1927 ; rev . zool . afr . 15 : 267
cameroon - zaire ( mbandaka - ituri , kasai ) . see [ maps ]
euryphene severini aurivillius , 1898 ; öfvers . k . vetenskakad . förh . stockh . 54 : 280 , f . 2 ; tl : congo , beni - bendi
euryphene aurora aurivillius , 1896 ; öfvers . k . vetenskakad . förh . 53 : 433 ; tl : ubangi
euryphene wilverthi aurivillius , 1898 ; ent . tidskr . 19 : 177 ; tl : congo
aurora kayonza jackson , 1956 ; j . e afr . nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 1 ) : 74
euryphene tessmanni grünberg , 1910 ; s . b . ges . naturf . fr . berl . 1910 ( 10 ) : 471 ; tl : spanish guinea
euryphene flaminia staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 110 , pl . 1 , f . 4 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons
e . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , zaire , w . uganda ?
euryphene maximiana staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 112 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons
euryphene intermedia bartel , 1905 ; novit . zool . 12 : 144 ; tl : kamerun , barombi - station
euryphene nivaria ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons
nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , w . zaire
euryphene phantasiella staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : barombi station
euryphene phantasiella simulata van someren , 1939 ; j . e . afr . uganda nat . hist . soc . 14 ( 65 ) : 54 ; tl : katera
euryphene phantasiella var . ? phantasina staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : sierra leone
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , e . nigeria
sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , w . nigeria , cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . nigeria
euryphene demetra obsolescens talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : bitje , ja river
euryphene makala bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 473 ; tl : makala , congo free state
euryphene chloeropis bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala , congo free state
euryphene eliensis hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 46 ] , pl . [ 23 ] , f . 23 - 26 ; tl : gaboon
zaire , s . cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r .
evena ceres var . unita capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxiv
euryphene luteola bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala - beni ; ituri forest , mawamba - makala
euryphene ashantina dudgeon , 1913 ; ent . mon . mag . 49 : 204 ; tl : ashanti , gold coast
romaleosoma cutteri hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( romaleosoma ii - iii ) : [ 31 ] , pl . [ 16 ] , f . 13 - 15 ; tl : old calabar
euphaedra cutteri harleyi fox , 1968 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 30 : 1248 ; tl : wanau forest
euryphene innocua grose - smith & kirby , 1889 ; rhop . exot . [ 2 ] 1 : ( euryphene ) 1 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : cameroons
e . nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r . , sw . zaire . see [ maps ]
e . nigeria , cameroun , gabon , congo , w . zaire . see [ maps ]
euryphene castanea holland , 1893 ; can . ent . 25 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : kangwé , ogové valley
euryphene ducalis grünberg , 1912 ; ergeb . dt . z . - afr . exped . 3 ( zool . 1 ) : 534
checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
contribution a la faune du congo ( brazzaville ) . mission a . villiers et a . descarpentries lxviii . lepidopteres nymphalidae , danaidae et riodinidae
( 1902 ) , : ( ragadia - argyronympha - hypocysta ) : 1 - 6 , pl . [ 1 ] ( 1895 ) , [ 2 ]
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species
new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera
verzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge
wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der expedition r . grauernach . zentralafrika . 1909 - 1911 . lepidoptera
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
© 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
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a diverse genus from african forests . species groups listed are based on larsen ' s ( 2005 ) treatment of the west african fauna .
ackery pr , smith cr , and vane - wright ri eds . 1995 . carcasson ' s african butterflies . canberra : csiro .
larsen , t . b . 2005 butterflies of west africa . stenstrup , denmark : apollo books .
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chloreuptychia herseis is a species of butterfly in the family nymphalidae .

it is found in surinam , guyana , peru and brazil ( rio de janeiro ) .

chloreuptychia herseis

chloreuptychia herseis ( godart , [ 1824 ] ) = satyrus herseis godart , [ 1824 ] = papilio herse cramer , [ 1775 ] = euptychia herse peruviana prüffer , 1922 = chloreuptyhcia herseis .
chloreuptychia herseis occurs east of the andes from surinam and guyana , south to peru and east across brazil to rio de janeiro .
chloreuptychia agatha ; [ bow ] : pl . 55 , f . 16 ; [ ecul ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 1232
chloreuptychia tolumnia ; [ bow ] : pl . 55 , f . 19 ; [ ecul ] ; [ nl4a ] , # 1241
the egg is globular , shining white in colour , and laid singly on grasses . chloreuptychia arnaca lays on eleusine , oplismenus and ichnanthus
the larva is mottled in shades of brown , and has a row of diamond - shaped marks along the back . it ' s head is black with a pair of short horns that bear auxiliary spines . the tip of the abdomen bears a pair of caudal prongs . in common with almost all other satyrines , the larvae feed nocturnally . the pupa of arnaca is mottled in shades of brown . chloreuptychia pupae are typically wedge - shaped , and are formed attached by the cremaster to a stem , projecting horizontally .
mexico - colombia , ecuador , surinam , brazil ( rio de janeiro ) . see [ maps ]
surinam , guyana , peru , brazil ( rio de janeiro ) . see [ maps ]
euptychia marica weymer , 1911 ; ; tl :
pebas . . amazonenstrom . . peru
euptychia sericeella bates , 1865 ; ent . mon . mag . 1 ( 9 ) : 202 ; tl : guatemala
papilio tolumnia cramer , 1777 ; ; tl :
st . thomas
[ surinam ? ]
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
new species of butterflies from guatemala and panama , collected by osbert salvin and f . du cane godman , esqs .
biologia centrali - americana . rhopalocera . vol . 1 . ( 1879 - 1886 )
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
but revisions by forster and lamas divide this
convenience
genus into a number of smaller genera , on the basis of anatomical differences and larval foodplants . t
species are characterised by having ovoid forewings , a subtle blue sheen on the underside , and a pair of elongated silvery ocelli within the series of eyespots on the underside hindwings .
this species is confined to rainforest habitats at altitudes between about 100 - 1200m .
the butterflies inhabit the understorey , and are usually only seen along the darker and narrower trails .
they don ' t visit flowers but feed instead at decomposing fungi and bird droppings . most of the time they sit motionless on leaves in the shade , and if disturbed they generally fly a distance of no more than 3 or 4 metres , and then re - settle .
it is likely that the wings reflect high levels of ultra - violet , enabling the butterflies to locate potential mates visually in the dark environment where they breed .
the vertical lines on the underside are an example of disruptive colouration . they help break up the outline of the wings into separate shapes , making it more difficult for a bird to detect the butterfly .
if however a bird succeeds in discovering where it has settled , the butterfly has a secondary defence in the form of the ocelli on the underside hindwings . these function to divert attacks away from the butterfly ' s vulnerable body , allowing it to escape with nothing worse than a pecked wing .
all photographs , artwork , text & website design are the property of adrian hoskins ( unless otherwise stated ) and are protected by copyright . photographs or text on this website must not be reproduced in part or in whole or published elsewhere without prior written consent of adrian hoskins / urltoken
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .


the euphrosinidae are a family of polychaete worms .

the name is from greek euphrosyne , meaning merriment ; she was one of the three graces .

euphrosinidae

read , g . ; fauchald , k . ( ed . ) ( 2018 ) . world polychaeta database . euphrosinidae williams , 1852 . accessed through : world register of marine species at : urltoken ; = 961 on 2018 - 07 - 09
kudenov , jerry d . 1993 . amphinomidae and euphrosinidae ( annelida : polychaeta ) principally from antarctica , the southern ocean , and subantarctic regions . antarctic research series , ser . biology of the antarctic seas xxii , 58 : 93 - 150 .
kudenov , jerry d . 1993 . amphinomidae and euphrosinidae ( annelida : polychaeta ) principally from antarctica , the southern ocean , and subantarctic regions . antarctic research series , ser . biology of the antarctic seas xxii , 58 : 93 - 150 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
hutchings , p . a . 2000 . family euphrosinidae . pp . 110 - 112 in : beesley , p . l . , ross , g . j . b . , and glasby , c . j . ( eds ) polychaetes and allies : the southern synthesis . csiro publishing : melbourne .
williams , thomas 1852 . report on the british annelida . report of the british association for the advancement of science , 1851 : 159 - 272 . plates 2 - 11 [ bound at end of volume ] , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 174 [ usage of euphrosinidae in text ] [ details ]
authority hartman catalogue gives the williams date as 1851 , but that is just a preliminary note and the williams report is the 1852 article . williams ( 1852 ) refers back to milne - edwards 1838 ( circulation dans les annelides ) as if the latter had used euphrosinidae there , but he doesn ' t seem to , using only a general non - latinised
les euphrosines
on page 196 for the group . [ details ]
however they are here treated as distinct families . euphrosinids have short , stout bodies , oval in outline with relatively few segments , whereas
have elongate bodies with numerous segments . the chaetae of euphrosinids are calcareous and sometimes heavily calcified but are not hollow and venom - filled as in
have single tufted notopodial branchiae and furcate chaetae non of which are ringent , whereas euphrosinids have many small branching branchiae along notopodial crests and the furcate chaetae include ringent and non - ringent types .
distinguishing species characters used to distinguish species of euphrosinids include the relative length of the notochaetal prongs , and the notochaetal length relative to body length . these characters are often consistent for a species although they vary along the body and within chaetal fascicles .
genus euphrosyne [ auct . ] accepted as euphrosine lamarck , 1818 ( misspelling for euphrosine lamarck , 1818 )
fauchald , k . ( 1977 ) . the polychaete worms , definitions and keys to the orders , families and genera . natural history museum of los angeles county : los angeles , ca ( usa ) , science series . 28 : 1 - 188 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
world - wide distribution on various mixtures of sand , grind , stones and rocks and on corals and sponges .
fauchald , k . & g . rouse , 1997 . polychaete systematics : past and present . zoologica scripta , 26 ( 2 ) : 71 - 138 .
hayward , p . j . & j . s . ryland , 1990 . the marine fauna of the british isles and north - west europe . clarendon press , oxford .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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research zoologist , curator of worms , department of systematic biology , invertebrate zoology section , national museum of natural history , smithsonian institution , washington , d . c . 20560 , usa
read , g . & fauchald , k . ( 2013 ) . world polychaeta database . accessed through world register of marine species at : urltoken
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
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parent taxon : amphinomida according to c . j . glasby et al . 2000
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williams , thomas 1852 . report on the british annelida . report of the british association for the advancement of science , 1851 : 159 - 272 . plates 2 - 11 [ bound at end of volume ]
fauchald , k . ( 1977 ) . the polychaete worms , definitions and keys to the orders , families and genera . < em > natural history museum of los angeles county : los angeles , ca ( usa ) , science series . < / em > 28 : 1 - 188 .
fauchald , k . , and g . w . rouse , 1997 : polychaete systematics : past and present . zoologica scripta , vol . 26 , no . 2 . 71 - 138 .
parker , s . p . ( ed ) . ( 1982 ) . synopsis and classification of living organisms . mcgraw - hill , new york . 2 volumes .
rouse , g . w . , and k . fauchald , 1997 : cladistics and polychaetes . zoologica scripta , vol . 26 , no . 2 . 139 - 204 .


pristilomatidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails , terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily gastrodontoidea .

according to the 2005 taxonomy of the gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi these snails belong to the " limacoid clade " , and vitreinae is a synonym for pristilomatidae , although vitreinae used to be a subfamily of zonitidae .

family pristilomatidae has no subfamilies ( according to the taxonomy of the gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi , 2005 ) .

pristilomatidae

the pristilomatidae family of terrestrial snails is a part of the gastrodontoidea superfamily , together with some true glass snails ( oxychilidae ) and the hive snails ( euconulidae ) .
today , also all native species of small and tiny terrestrial snails are counted among the pristilomatidae , which had formerly been known as the crystal snails ' ( vitreinae ) subfamily in the true glass snails ' ( zonitidae ) family .
apart from species native to europe , the pristilomatidae family is widely distributed : members of this family can be found in the nearctic ( north america ) , the neotropic ( south america ) , the palaearctic ( north and west eurasia ) , polynesia and hawaii ( see also : faunal provinces of the earth ) .
the confinement of this undoubtedly new species to a pulmonate family is not easy , because only a single , dead collected shell is available . although it looks somewhat similar to species from the family punctidae ( with punctum pygmaeum ( draparnaud , 1801 ) known from turkey ) , we have decided to place it in pristilomatidae because of the pale color of the shell .
this paper reports on results of several collecting trips of the authors in turkey . in the course of this research , a long - lasting question was addressed . it could be proven that the nominal species bulimus frivaldskyi l . pfeiffer , 1847 is closely related to meijeriella canaliculata bank , 1985 , and thus this species is shifted from the genus ena turton , 1831 , to the genus meijeriella bank , 1985 . meijeriella canaliculata bank , 1985 , could be recorded from turkey for the first time . the nomenclatural situation of the species euchondrus septemdentatus ( roth , 1839 ) vs . its replacement name euchondrus borealis ( mousson , 1874 ) is discussed . a new arrangement of the species formely comprised in the genus zebrina held , 1837 is presented , and the genera rhabdoena kobelt & moellendorff , 1902 , and leucomastus a . wagner , 1927 are re - established . the following species and subspecies new to science could be described : vitrea gostelii sp . n . ( pristilomatidae ) , turanena demirsoyi sp . n . , euchondrus paucidentatus sp . n . , rhabdoena gostelii sp . n . ( all enidae ) , metafruticicola kizildagensis sp . n . ( hygromiidae ) , and assyriella thospitis menkhorsti ssp . n . ( helicidae ) . for several other species , new distribution records are listed .
bouchet p . & rocroi j . - p . ( 2005 ) . classification and nomenclator of gastropod families . malacologia . 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 397 isbn 3 - 925919 - 72 - 4 . [ details ]
( of vitreidae h . b . baker , 1930 ) bouchet p . & rocroi j . - p . ( 2005 ) . classification and nomenclator of gastropod families . malacologia . 47 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 397 isbn 3 - 925919 - 72 - 4 . [ details ]
snails of the nomenclatorial genus pristiloma , for example , are found in british columbia , canada .
common crystal snail ( vitrea crystallina ) . picture : © stefan haller , ( urltoken ) .
the common crystal snail is probably the commonest crystal snail species native to europe .
description : the depressed disc - shaped shell of the common crystal snail is quite variable , but it is different from other crystal snail shells by its widened apertural whorl , which may be as wide as 1 ½ time the previous whorl . the shell surface is very finely striated , but appears shining , slightly greenish in colour and translucent . the shell navel ( umbilicus ) is narrow ( about one eighth of the maximal shell diameter ) , but it is open enough , so the penultimate whorl remains visible .
habitat and distribution : the common crystal snail lives in the leaf litter and under stones in humid forests , also hides in the mosses . vitrea crystallina is a typical species of alluvial riverside forests and is also found in wet meadows and in swamp areas . on the riverside it lives between herbs and in the reeds .
its habitat vitrea crystallina often shares with other crystal snail species , such as vitrea diaphana and vitrea contracta ( picture ) .
, p . l . ( 1996 ) :
die molluskenfauna von wäldern mit hohem totholzanteil im bereich des wienerwaldes .
,
the common crystal snail is distributed throughout almost all of europe , with the exception of the extreme south . in norway , the species ' distribution area stretches as far as 65° n . l . in switzerland , in the valais , the species climbs to altitudes of up to 2300 m msl .
francisco welter - schultes : vitrea crystallina species homepage . mollbase : vitrea ( crystallus ) crystallina ( gemeine kristallschnecke ) . ( in german ) nabu sachsen : zwerge im seggenwald . ( in german )
, p . :
mollusca
, in :
die tierwelt mitteleuropas
, 1956 , p . 92 f .
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extensive holdings of pristiloma snails in the oregon state arthropod collection were evaluated and reidentified as necessary . the study confirmed the distinctness of pristiloma crateris from other species and delineated a range in pacific northwest national forests , primarily along the western and eastern slopes of the cascade range in oregon .
baker , h . b . 1931 . nearctic vitreine land snails . proceedings of the academy of natural sciences of philadelphia 83 : 87–117 , pl . 15 .
burke , t . e . 2013 . land snails and slugs of the pacific northwest . corvallis : oregon state university press . 344 pp .
de queiroz , k . 2005 . different species problems and their resolution . bioessays 27 ( 12 ) : 1263–1269 . doi : 10 . 1002 / bies . 20325
duncan , n . , t . burke , s . dowlan and p . hohenlohe . 2003 . survey protocol for survey and manage terrestrial mollusk species from the northwest forest plan . usdi bureau of land management . 70 pp . urltoken
forsyth , r . g . “2001” [ 2002 ] . new records for land snails from the mountains of northwestern british columbia . the canadian field - naturalist 115 ( 2 ) : 223–228 . urltoken
forsyth , r . g . 2004 . land snails of british columbia . royal bc museum handbook . victoria : royal bc museum . 192 pp .
pilsbry , h . a . 1946 . land mollusca of north america ( north of mexico ) . academy of natural sciences of philadelphia , monograph 3 , 2 ( 1 ) : i–viii , 1–520 , frontis .
roth , b . 2011 . identification of submitted mollusk samples , pristiloma , from pacific northwest national forests . unpublished report submitted to usda forest service , region 6 . 11 pp .
roth , b . and d . r . lindberg 1981 . terrestrial mollusks of attu , aleutian islands , alaska . arctic 34 ( 1 ) : 43–47 . doi : 10 . 14430 / arctic2502
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the star system calculates the number of pieces that were handled by conchology , inc . in the last 15 years :
we want to point out that the star system is only very reliable for philippine shells only , as we handle very few foreign shells in general . as time goes , the system will become more and more performant .
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vitrea politissima n . sp . is described from south - western turkey ( isparta vilayet , uluborlu ) . shell characters suggest that the new species is closely related to other species that have a large shell and wide umbilicus such as vitrea ernesti , v . ephesina , v . klemmi and v . sossellai . our analysis of biogeography in the genus based on literature indicates that rockassociated species are frequently confined to small areas , whereas relatively widely distributed species are not associated with habitats on or under rocks . this cannot be explained by limited availability of rock habitats in small areas and instead suggests that the distribution ranges of rock - associated species may be limited by their small dispersal rates relative to those of other congeneric species . this study demonstrates that advancements in systematics and in faunal and ecological surveys provide an opportunity to gain useful insights into the pattern and process of biogeography .
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2 naturhistorisches museum der burgergemeinde bern , bernastr . 15 , ch - 3005 bern , switzerland
corresponding author : burçin aşkım gümüş ( moc . liamg @ miksanicrub , rt . ude . izag @ miksanicrub )
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license 3 . 0 ( cc - by ) , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
regarding our knowledge of the terrestrial ( as well as the freshwater ) malacofauna of turkey , large areas still remain under - or even unexplored . in this work , the results originating from several independent travels and projects in turkey are published to contribute to a more complete survey of this largely neglected part of the turkish fauna . in the following paragraphs , the projects are briefly introduced .
the “kaz dağı project” ( tübi̇tak ; ydbag , 103y110 : “the determination of the fauna of kaz dağı national park” ) was performed during the years 2004 and 2005 . the area is declared a national park and is located in northwest anatolia between the marmara sea and the aegean regions north of the bay of edremit with a mediterranean climate regime . the kaz dağı reaches an altitude of 1745 m ( 39°42 ' 16 ' n , 26°49 ' 50 ' e ) . outcrops of palaeozoic schist can be found in the southern parts of the mountain , and limestone outcrops are widely spread in the summit area of the mountain . gastropod specimens were collected and determined from six stations . the aim of this project was to prepare a complete faunal list in order to identify endangered species and to start with an implementation of a conservation and management plan ( gümüş 2006 ) .
another survey was conducted as a joint project between the natural history museum of berne , the university of süleyman demirel ( isparta ) and the authors in 2006 . the idea was to survey some spots in the area of the large western anatolian lakes around isparta and eğirdir and to close a gap of records along the mediterranean coast between fethiye and kaş , i . e . the valley of the eşen çayı and the surrounding mountains . the main results of this survey will be published elsewhere , however , the taxa new to science are already presented here , because of delay in identification of some of the species collected .
hmt private collection h . p . m . g . menkhorst , krimpen op de ijssel
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : ee5fb4a7 - 8036 - 431f - 8548 - 194168d16023
vitrea gostelii sp . n . , d = 2 . 25 mm . – all figures scaled × 20 , phot h . baur , nmbe .
holotype nmbe 23972 . type locality : antalya ili , kaş , valley of the eşen çayı , palamut , 36 . 4088°n , 29 . 3644°e , 350 m alt . , limestone rocks , 10 km s of saklıkent , 06 . 06 . 2006 .
a small species of vitrea with a spiral sculpture of small threads and faint riblets crossing the spirals .
the shell colour is pale whitish , with a broadly depressed spire . the protoconch is broadly enlarged and sculptured by fine spiral threads . the whorls of the teleoconch are narrow and increase regularly , suture of medium depth . the last whorl is broadened , non - descending , well rounded . the surface of the teleoconch is sculptured by fine widely spaced riblets . the spiral sculpture of the protoconch continues on the teleoconch whorls and becomes stronger , dissecting the riblets and giving them a fine granulated appearance . on the subsurface , the riblets become faint while the spiral sculpture increases in strength .
holotype : h = 1 . 29 ; d = 2 . 25 ; ph = not measured because of damage of shell ; pd = 1 . 05 ; w = 4 . 75 .
) : hitherto , only the holotype is known from the type locality in the kaş area .
distribution map . ▲ vitrea gostelii sp . n . ● turanena demirsoyi sp . n . and rhabdoena gostelii sp . n . ■ euchondrus paucidentatus sp . n . ▼ metafruticicola kizildagensis sp . n . ► assyriella thospitis menkhorsti ssp . n .
this new species is dedicated to our dear friend , the late dr . margret gosteli from the natural history museum berne , switzerland . she very much enjoyed our joint visit to turkey in 2006 and was eager to work about the malacofauna of turkey .
under a conchological point of view , a classification within the pristilomatid genus lindbergia riedel , 1959 , would also be possible , as the two genera can only be differentiated by the anatomy of their genital organs ( riedel 1959 , 1960 ) . we here confine this species to the genus vitrea fitzinger , 1833 , because of its overall conchological resemblance to other species comprised in this genus . an assignment to oxychilus fitzinger is less probable , as even the smallest species of oxychilus are clearly larger than the new species .
vitrea gostelii sp . n . differs from all vitrea species known from turkey by the presences of riblets and a spiral sculpture . it somewhat resembles vitrea riedeliana , but the spire in vitrea riedeliana is more elevated . vitrea riedeli has a smooth shell with a wider umbilicus with a deeper suture .
this species was found during our survey in 2006 below a large limestone rock face of probably about 50 m of height . probably , this species lives subterraneously , and a more targeted search in the accumulated soil of carstic crevices will yield some living specimens , which then will help to corroborate the taxonomic position of this new species .
enidae . 4–10 meijeriella spp . 4 meijeriella canaliculata , vil . balıkesir , edremit , kaz dağı , camp area , 39 . 67°n , 26 . 95°e , h = 14 . 65 mm . 5–8 meijeriella frivaldskyi . 5 syntype bulimus frivaldskyi , smf 63750 , h = 14 . 8 mm 6 syntype bulimus raynevalianus , mhng 12106 , h = 15 . 8 mm 7 meijeriella frivaldskyi , smf 312495 , ruins of truva , leg . h . p . m . g . menkhorst , h = 11 . 45 mm 8 meijeriella frivaldskyi , nmbe 28357 , ruins of truva , leg . b . a . gümüş , 10 . 06 . 2008 , h = 10 . 6 mm . 9–11 turanena spp . 9 . turanena demirsoyi sp . n . , holotype nmbe 32704 , erzincan , kemaliye , dilli deresi , 870 m alt . , leg . b . a . gümüş , h = 12 . 15 mm 10 turanenea cochlicopoides , paratype smf 309776 , vil . gaziantep , along the road gaziantep → bahçe , ca . 12 km nw gaziantep , 1000 m alt . , leg . menkhorst , 15 . 07 . 1986 , h = 5 . 6 mm 11 turanena cochlicopoides ; nmbe 32713 , between arslanoba and dolunay villages ( the rocks around the cahit bilgin park ) , 39 . 249°n , 38 . 599°e , 1560 m alt . , leg . b . a . gümüş , 07 . 09 . 2007 12 buliminus alepensis alepensis nmbe 32709 , çit köyü , 39 . 1119°n , 38 . 6043°e , 976 m alt . 05 . 05 . 2007 , leg . b . a . gümüş . — all figures scaled × 5 .
helix ( cochlogena ) alepi férussac , 1821 , tabl . syst . limaçons ( = “prodome” ) , livr . 10 : 55 ( quarto edition ) [ folio edition : 59 . [ “alep , côte de syrie , au lieu dit la coupe , à une demi - lieue de la ville” . nomen nudum ] .
bulimus alepensis l . pfeiffer , 1841 , symbolae ad historiam heliceorum , 1 : 45 . type locality : see above .
vil . erzincan , kemaliye , çit köyü , 39 . 1119°n , 38 . 6043°e , 976 m alt . 05 . 05 . 2007 , leg . b . a . gümüş , nmbe 32709 / 2 , nmbe 32710 / 2 preserved ; vil . erzincan , kemaliye , dilli deresi , 39 . 315°n , 38 . 44°e , 870 m alt . , 10 . 7 . 2005 , leg . b . a . gümüş , nmbe 32711 / 1 .
this species is known to inhabit the levant area , northern iraq to central eastern turkey ( see also gittenberger and menkhorst 1991 ) . kemaliye is now the northernmost record for this species . the subspecific division of this species needs further attention . we here attribute the specimens from kemaliye to the nominotypical subspecies in accordance to gittenberger and menkhorst ( 1991 ) .
subfamilia eninae b . b . woodward , 1903 ( 1880 ) . tribus enini b . b . woodward , 1903 ( 1880 )
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : 3a9a7f78 - c144 - 4220 - b5ad - 22bd0c10f0cd
holotype nmbe 32704 ; paratypes nmbe 32705 / 3 ; vil . erzincan , kemaliye , dilli deresi , 39 . 315°n , 38 . 44°e , 870 m alt . , 10 . 7 . 2005 , leg . b . a . gümüş . — additional paratypes : smf 312403 / 1 , erzincan , kemaliye , 2 . 8 . 1987 , leg . n . kazancı , ex slg . neubert ; kemaliye , yeşilyamaç ( geşo ) pass , 39 . 271°n , 38 . 567°e , 1680 m alt . , 07 . 05 . 2007 , leg . b . a . gümüş , nmbe 32706 / 2 ; kemaliye , subatan , 39 . 188°n , 38 . 406°e , 1885 m alt . , 06 . 05 . 2007 , leg . b . a . gümüş , nmbe 32707 / 1 , nmbe 32708 / 4 ( preserved ) ; vil . erzincan , kemaliye , muşaga village ( = kocaçimen ) , 39 . 296°n , 38 . 54°e , 1375 m alt . , 13 . 07 . 2005 , leg . b . a . gümüş , nmbe 32715 / 2 .
a large species of turanena with a brown shell ; surface of last two whorls with whitish patchy colour pattern ; teleoconch sculpture of more or less distinctive riblets .
protoconch of almost 2 whorls , smooth , dome - shaped ; shell colour pale brown , with a whitish patchy colour pattern on the last two whorls ; shell of conical shape with an acutely ovate aperture ; whorls of the teleoconch slightly rounded , increasing regularly , the whitish suture of medium depth ; last whorl broadened , occupying nearly half of the height of the shell ; surface of the teleoconch sculptured by more or less distinctive riblets ; aperture rounded at the base with a faint white lip , light brown to dirty whitish deeper in the aperture ; columellar rim of the aperture slightly reflected , a thin parietal callus connecting the apertural rims ; periomphalum wide , umbilicus open , elongate , of medium width .
this species is dedicated to prof . dr . ali demirsoy from the hacettepe university in ankara to acknowledge his outstanding contributions to turkish zoology and support for young scientists .
this species differs from most other turanena species by its relatively large size ; turanena tuccari ( gittenberger , 1986 ) differs by its reinforced and reflected lip , which is always sharp and simple in the new species . turanena andronakii ( lindholm , 1913 ) from the çoruh valley and its tributaries has a more elongate slender and always completely brown shell .
this species is only known from the surroundings of kemaliye , its area of occupancy ( aoo ) is around 70km 2 .
turanena cochlicopoides e . gittenberger & menkhorst , 1993 , archiv für molluskenkunde , 122 ( zilch festschr . ) : 74 , map 1 , pl . 1 fig . 1 [ vilayet gaziantep : leere gehäuse zwischen den felsen der straße gaziantep - bahçe entlang , 60 km ö . bahçe , in 1000 m meereshöhe ; cb 31 ]
vil . erzincan , kemaliye , between arslanoba and dolunay villages ( the rocks around the cahit bilgin park ) , 39 . 249°n , 38 . 599°e , 1560 m alt . , 07 . 05 . 2007 , leg . b . a . gümüş , nmbe 32712 / 2 ; ditto , 07 . 09 . 2007 , nmbe 32713 / 2 .
this is the second record for this species since its description . interestingly , the new location is quite far away from the type locality ( ca . 250 km in direct line ) , so it can be assumed that this species lives in a much larger area than expected before , but seems to be quite rare .
euchondrus o . boettger , 1883 , bericht über die thätigkeit des offenbacher vereins für naturkunde , 22 / 23 : xx [ type species pupa chondriformis mousson , 1861 by monotypy ] .
enidae . 13–20 euchondrus spp . 13 euchondrus septemdentatus , syntype pupa septemdentata , smf 236888 , israel , jerusalem , coll . rossmässler ex roth , original figure from iconographie ( 1 ) , no . 922 , h = 9 . 75 mm 14 lectotype bulimus triticeus ( type designation herewith based on an unpublished designation by zilch ) , smf 236889 , israel , jerusalem , coll . rossmässler ex stentz , h = 9 . 4 mm 15 euchondrus septemdentatus , nmbe 503001 , lebanon , beirut , next to soha water plant , 33°45 . 117 ' n , 35°45 . 213 ' e , 1474 m alt . , 17 . 08 . 2008 , leg . e . neubert , h = 9 . 4 mm 16 syntype chondrus septemdentatus var . borealis , zmz 514110 , turkey , between mersin and tarsus , coll . mousson ex schlaefli , 1861 , h = 10 . 5 mm ; 17 euchondrus septemdentatus , smf 312409 , turkey , 2 . 5 km se belen , leg . menkhorst 18 euchondrus paucidentatus sp . n . , holotype nmbe 32688 , turkey , vil . şanlıurfa , nusaybin , bridge over the çağ çağ deresi , 37 . 09°n , 41 . 215°e , 470 m alt . , 4 . 8 . 1988 , leg . e . neubert , h = 7 . 76 mm 19 euchondrus ledereri , smf 312412 , turkey , meşindağı geçidi , 15 rkm se eruh ( = dih ) , along the road to şırnak , 37 . 672°n , 42 . 316°e , 1620 m alt . , 03 . 08 . 1988 , leg . neubert , h = 10 . 2 mm 20 euchondrus ledereri , nmbe 503488 , lebanon , nahr abu ali close to seraad , 34 . 283°n , 35 . 9288°e , 573 m alt . , 19 . 08 . 2008 , leg . neubert , h = 8 . 32 mm 21–23 rhabdoena spp . 21 rhabdoena gostelii sp . n . , holotype nmbe 33331 , vil . erzincan , kemaliye , dilli deresi , 39 . 315°n , 38 . 44°e , 870 m alt . , 10 . 7 . 2005 , leg . b . a . gümüş , h = 20 . 96 mm 22 rhabdoena armenica , lectotype smf 63431 , “nw armenia ( ? ) ” , coll . nägele ex tembé , h = 14 . 6 mm 23 rhabdoena cosensis , lectotype buliminus ( zebrina ) caesius o . boettger , 1885 , smf 14485 , turkey , “smyrna” [ = izmir ] , coll . o . boettger ex goldfuss , h = 17 . 9 mm . - - all figures scaled × 5 .
pupa septemdentata roth , 1839 , moll . spec . itinere orientem : 19 , pl . 2 fig . 2 [ in insula quadam parva oenussarum , sita inter chium et melaenam promontorium“ ; „syriae vico quodam , dicto „sasa“ , prope damascum“ ] .
bulimus triticeus rossmässler , 1858 , iconographie der land - und süßwassermollusken europa’s , 3 ( 5 / 6 ) : 98 , textfig . [ «bei jerusalem» ] .
chondrus septemdentatus var . maximus mousson , 1861 , vierteljahresschrift der naturforschenden gesellschaft zürich , 6 : 132 [ nomen nudum , ms name of bourguignat ] .
chondrus septemdentatus var . elongatus mousson , 1861 , vierteljahresschrift der naturforschenden gesellschaft zürich 6 : 132 [ nomen nudum , ms name of roth ] .
chondrus septemdentatus var . borealis mousson , 1874 , journal de conchyliologie , 22 : 14 [ „jusqu‘à merssina et à tharsus“ ] .
buliminus septemdentatus var . maximus westerlund , 1887 , fauna der in der paläarctischen region lebenden binnenmollusken , iii : 45 .
buliminus septemdentatus var . elongatus westerlund , 1887 , fauna der in der paläarctischen region lebenden binnenmollusken , iii : 45 .
euchondrus borealis , – schütt , 1983 , natur und mensch , 1983 : 57 , abb . 18 .
; the single record north of eilat may be due to a carryover by man ) .
bruguiere , 1792 ) . for names replaced before 1960 , the rule “once a homonym , always a homonym” has to be applied ( iczn § 59 ) . however , the replacement was never commonly accepted , and the name
. this results in a confusion of the correct application of the available names for this species under the condition that the specific identity is accepted . we consider forcart‘s replacement action as invalid , because he omitted the older name
for this species in order to eliminate an unstable nomenclatural situation . if this point of view is not accepted , this issue has to be clarified by a ruling of the commission following § iczn 59 . 3 . 1 .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : e9cf2cd7 - d99e - 493c - bbc9 - 2ae8f83d5f7b
holotype nmbe 32688 ; paratypes nmbe 32689 / 15 , coll . bank / 2 ; turkey , vil . şanlıurfa , nusaybin , bridge over the çağ çağ deresi , 37 . 09°n , 41 . 215°e , 470 m alt . , 4 . 8 . 1988 , leg . e . neubert .
a medium sized species of euchondrus , shell of broad conical shape , brown , dentition reduced to a parietalis , a columellaris and two palatal denticles .
shell medium sized , protoconch of 2 whorls , smooth ; shell colour consistently brown ; shell of broad conical shape with a rounded to semi - ovate aperture ; whorls of the teleoconch well rounded , increasing regularly , the suture of medium depth with a whitish sutural line ; surface of the teleoconch almost smooth , a faint sculpture of fine riblets or growth lines existing ; aperture rounded , reinforced by a labial callus , apertural rims widely gaping on the parietum , reflected ; dentition reduced , consisting of a cone shaped parietalis , a small columellaris , and two palatal denticles , with the lower denticle being always stronger if compared to the upper palatalis ; columellar rim of the aperture widely reflected ; umbilicus slit - like open , elongate .
this species is called paucidentatus ( latin = poor in teeth ) reflecting the reduced dentition of this species .
) , but in this species , there is always an angularis ( and sometimes even an infraparietalis ) present . moreover it differs by its larger shell , which is usually white ( and not brown ) , and the more cylindrical shape of the teleoconch . some species of
in their paper , örstan and yıldırım ( 2004 ) used the following autapomorphic characters to separate their new genus borlumastus : presence of a single palatal tooth , and secondly , attachment position of the penial retractor muscle .
however , presence or absence of the palatal , columellar , and parietal teeth cannot be used for characterization of genera within the family enidae . for example , pseudochondrula tetrodon ( mortillet , 1854 ) displays a number of variations in its apertural dentition , there are specimens without teeth as well as specimens with up to four teeth , sometimes to be found mixed up in the same population . on the other hand , browsing the species currently affiliated to euchondrus boettger , 1883 it becomes clear that in this genus , species may differ in their dentition , but still are considered to belong to the same genus . thus it is obvious that presence or absence of a single tooth does not qualify as autapomorphic character on genus - level taxa .
the attachment position of the penial retractor muscle on the male genital system is said to differ in borlumastus from that in meijeriella , because in the latter genus , the muscle would attach at the epiphallus . having investigated the genital anatomy of both species , meijeriella canaliculata and meijeriella frivaldskyi from turkey it can be said that the muscles embraces the distal end of the epiphallus including a small area of the terminal part of the proximal penis section . this makes clear that there is virtually no difference in the attachment position of this muscle in all three species . for these reasons we see no argument left to keep the genus borlumastus , and relegate it into the synonymy of meijeriella bank , 1985 .
remark : it has been argued that the generic name meijeriella bank , 1985 is preoccupied by meyeriella krausse , 1917 ( arch . naturgesch . , 82 , a1 : 95 , in hymenoptera ) . however , genus - level names are ruled by §56 . 1 and §56 . 2 iczn clearly stating “even if the difference between two genus - group names is only one letter , they are not homonyms” . thus , meijeriella has to be kept as a valid genus .
2 genital organs of meijeriella canaliculata ( kaz dağı ) 3 genital organs of meijeriella frivaldskyi ( ruins of truva ) .
meijeriella canaliculata bank , 1985 , heldia 1 ( 2 ) : 42 [ greece , mytilini ( = lesvos ) , at the road keramia - agiassos , 800 m sw pigi karini , approx . 39 . 11°n , 26 . 39°e ] .
vil . balıkesir , edremit , kaz dağı , camp area , 39 . 67°n , 26 . 95°e , 800 m alt . , 24 . july 2004 , leg . b . a . gümüş , nmbe 28360 / 1 ( preserved ) , nmbe 28359 / 1 ( dry ) , smf 330175 / 1 , several specimens in coll . gümüş .
, shell size of dissected animal : 11 . 9 × 3 . 15 mm )
the shells do not differ from the illustrated holotype from the island of lesvos , particularly the canaliculated last whorl is clearly visible . the known distribution of this species was hitherto restricted to the island of lesvos , where it is abundant ( pers . comm . bank 2011 ) . this is the first record for this species from turkey and shows that this species has a larger distribution . it mirrors the geological development of the area , since lesvos is situated in the eastmediterranean subduction zone and had been connected to the turkish mainland during the miocene .
bulimus frivaldskyi l . pfeiffer , zeitschrift für malakozoologie , 1847 , 4 ( 12 ) : 191–192 [ type locality : “prope brussa natoliae” ] .
bulimus fuscus l . pfeiffer , zeitschr . malakozool . , 1847 , 4 ( 12 ) : 192 . type locality : not given . nomen nudum ( in synonymy ) .
bulimus raynevalianus bourguignat , amen . malac . 1855 , 29 : 128 , pl . 8 fig . 5–9 ( shell ) . type locality : “les vignes des environs de gallipoli , oú il vit sous les mottes de terre” .
buliminus [ brephulus ] friwaldskyi f . minor westerlund , 1887 , fauna pal . reg . binnenconch . , 3 : 10 . type locality : not given .
buliminus trojanus kobelt , icon . , 1893 , ( 2 ) 6 ( 5–6 ) : 81 , pl . 171 fig . 1100 ( shell ) .
frivaldskyi : syntype smf 63750 , “bursa” , coll . kobelt ex l . pfeiffer ; raynevalianus : syntype mhng 12106 .
, shell size of dissected animal : 10 . 6 × 3 . 7 mm )
penis without penial appendix , subdivided in a distal and proximal section ; proximal section containing a centrally perforated verge ; epiphallus very long , reaching ca . 5 × the length of penis , with a small caecum at its central part , a short flagellum present ; penial retractor muscle attaching at the border of penis and epiphallus ; vagina as long as penis , pedunculus with a long diverticulum largely surmounting the bursa copulatrix in length .
rhabdoena kobelt & moellendorff , 1902 , syst . conch . - cab . , ( 1 ) 13 ( 2 , 475 ) : 1021 , 1027 .
buliminus ( zebrina ) caesius o . boettger , 1885 ( = bulimus cosensis reeve , 1849 ) ( original designation ) .
: 126 ) and bank ( pers . comm . 2011 ) , there are important differences in the anatomy of the genital organs between these species showing that this genus is very probably a paraphyletic unit . particularly the relative position of the caecum on the epiphallus separates the species in these groups : in
, the epiphallar caecum is found at the terminal distal end of the epiphallus , while in all other species , the epiphallar caecum is found in a central position on the epiphallus . in the remaining group , the species of
can easily be separated from all others because of their narrow , conical , elongate shell combined with the rounded aperture , the parietal callus connecting the inclining to almost connected apertural rims , the fine riblets on the teleoconch , and the fact that they all seem to be obligate rock dwellers . the remaining group then comprises species with a broader and usually larger shell with a wide aperture , and being bottom to vegetation dwellers . this group then has to bear the generic name
character states in some major genera of chondrulini ( table provided by r . bank ) .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : 9ca63d44 - a467 - 418d - bd75 - 7bc254948a12
holotype nmbe 33331 , vil . erzincan , kemaliye , dilli deresi , 39 . 315°n , 38 . 44°e , 870 m alt . , 10 . 7 . 2005 , leg . b . a . gümüş ; paratype nmbe 33332 / 1 , vil . erzincan , kemaliye , muşaga village ( = kocaçimen 39 . 296°n , 38 . 54°e ) , 02 . 08 . 1987 , leg . n . kazancı , ex coll . neubert .
shell large , protoconch dome - shaped , sculpture of fine irregularly arranged riblets , apertural rims slightly inclined , connected by a weak parietal callus .
shell large ; protoconch of 2 . 5 whorls , smooth , dome - shaped ; shell colour basically creamy whitish , with a few irregularly scattered brownish mottles ; shell elongate conical with a semi - ovate aperture ; whorls of the teleoconch almost flat , increasing regularly , suture of medium depth ; surface of the teleoconch almost smooth , with a sculpture of fine irregularly arranged riblets on the teleoconch ; apertural rims sharp , reinforced by a very weak labial callus , somewhat reflected ; a shallow angularis indicated on the parietum , apertural rims slightly inclined , connected by a weak parietal callus ; columellar rim of the aperture widely reflected ; umbilicus slit - like open , elongate .
this new species is dedicated to our dear friend , the late dr . margret gosteli from the natural history museum berne , switzerland .
this species is only known from a very small range in the area of kemaliye .
because of the overlap of conchological characters with other species of this subgenus . the new species differs from all other known species by its size ( it is the largest species in the subgenus ) . the conchologically closest taxon is
) , which has a more conical shell , a more mammillate protoconch , a more open umbilicus , and a much smaller last whorl . the other turkish species ,
) , is much smaller , has a widely open umbilicus , and a more rigid mode of ribbing . the latter species is known from two lots in the collection of smf only , and has not been found back until now . the second lot in smf ( not illustrated here ) is said to originate from tokat ( coll . nägele ) . probably , this species is a local endemic species with a restricted distribution area like
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : fdbfeea4 - d4c8 - 40cb - a47d - 9bb7b8d8780c
metafruticicola spp . 24 . metafruticicola kizildagensis sp . n . , holotype nmbe 32690 vil . isparta , şarkikaraağaç , kızıldağ , ca . 5 km se of şarkikaraağaç , 38 . 0403750°n , 31 . 3653850°e , 1500 m alt . , 24 . 12 . 2005 , leg . b . a . gümüs , d = 20 . 44 mm 25 metafruticicola dedegoelensis , vil . isparta , dedegöl dağı , yenişarbademli , alma uşağı mevki , 2350 m alt . , 26 . 05 . 2002 , leg . b . a . gümüş , d = 15 . 5 mm 26 metafruticicola oerstani , isparta , barla dağı , southern slope , 2000 m alt . , 38 . 02°n , 30 . 7°e , nmbe 23902 . — all figures scaled × 2 .
holotype nmbe 32690 ; paratypes nmbe 32691 / 3 , coll . gümüş / 5 ; turkey , vil . isparta , şarkikaraağaç , kızıldağ , ca . 5 km se of şarkikaraağaç , 38 . 0403750°n , 31 . 3653850°e , 1500 m alt . , 24 . 12 . 2005 , leg . b . a . gümüş .
a large species of metafruticicola , depressed white shell with a single brown spiral band below the periphery , last whorl bluntly angled , surface of teleoconch with irregular axial stripes , smooth , umbilicus open .
protoconch of 2 . 25 whorl , sculptured by small radial riblets with interspersed pits , white to pale yellow ; teleoconch of 4 whorls , basic colour white , with two partly fused brown spirals on the upper surface , and a single brown spiral band below the periphery ; shell depressed , spire only slightly elevated , last whorl bluntly angled ; surface of teleoconch with irregularly arranged axial stripes , smooth ; last whorl only slightly descending below the shell‘s periphery ; aperture depressed oval , reinforced by a weak labial callus , peristomial rim slightly reflecting over the umbilicus ; umbilicus open , initially cylindrical , with the last whorl somewhat eccentrically increasing .
this species is named after the kızıldağ mountain ne of the city of isparta .
this species is only known from its type locality . however , we assume that as is the case in the other metafruticicola species mentioned above , this species may locally be present in the alpine to subalpine region of the inner anatolian mountain chain .
is smaller , more depressed with short , bristle - like hairs on the teleoconch surface , which usually are lost in adult shells but still can be found on the umbilicus walls , and scattered hair scars on the teleoconch surface . moreover , its umbilicus is wider and more perspective if compared to
sp . n . , which has no hairs nor hair scars and a narrower and more cylindrical umbilicus .
urn : lsid : zoobank . org : act : c94d7cb6 - 0483 - 4b41 - ba38 - 0355a52ad6c8
ssp . figure 27 assyriella thospitis thospitis , holotype nnm 56804 , bitlis , kermate , 10 km sw of setek , 1550 m alt . , may 1990 , leg . neuteboom , d = 37 . 6 mm 28 assyriella thospitis menkhorsti ssp . n . , holotype nmbe 33333 , bitlis , kireçtaşı , quarry , 38 . 37°n , 42 . 1°e , 9 . 5 . 2011 , d = 33 . 46 mm . — all figures scaled × 1 . 5 .
holotype nmbe 33333 , paratypes nmbe 16599 / 3 , turkey , bitlis , kireçtaşı , quarry , 38 . 37°n , 42 . 1°e , 9 . 5 . 2011 , leg . & ex coll . menkhorst ; additional paratypes hmt / 16 .
bitlis 1 . 8 km ne . kokarsu , 1723 m alt . , 38 . 3942°n , 42 . 2685°e , 10 . 5 . 2011 , hmt / 6 .
stronge rib sculpture on the teleoconch , presence of greenish - yellowish periostracum and a columellar ridge on the basal apertural rim .
large shells , depressed to slightly elevated spire ; protoconch with 1 . 5 flat and slightly ribbed whorls ; last whorl strongly descending at the aperture ; teleoconch sculpture of regular axial riblets ; basic shell colour greenish to yellowish due to the periostracum ; spiral bands bluish ; aperture cross - oval , reinforced by a labial callus , moderately reflected ; umbilicus slit - like open to sometimes closed ; columellar labial callus or ridge present .
this new subspecies is named in honor of dipl . ing . h . p . m . g . menkhorst , a keen malacologist , to acknowledge his deep interested in and outstanding contributions to the knowledge of the biodiversity of the turkish malacofauna .
assyriella thospitis menkhorsti ssp . n . lives in a small area southeast to the range of the nominotypical subspecies ( schütt and subai 1996 : 118 , 141 ) .
) , presence of a ± well developed columellar ridge on the basal apertural rim .
for access to the collection of the research institute frankfurt we are very grateful to dr ronald janssen ( smf , frankfurt ) . hannes baur , dr . charles huber and dr . werner marggi ( all nmbe , bern ) are here acknowledged for photographic support and help during our field work in 2006 . we are very grateful to prof . dr . m . z . yıldırım , mehmet akif ersoy university ( burdur ) , for his support during our visit to turkey in 2006 . we are very grateful to prof . dr . r . a . bank , who generously shared his views on the chondrulini with us and allowed us to use his ideas . dr . b . a . gümüş would like to thank to prof . dr . ali demirsoy for his guidance and great support not only for herself but also for many other turkish biologists to find their way into the academic world , and for his efforts in improvement of biology in turkey . specimens have been collected under contract no 07 march 2006 / b . 30 . 2 . sdü . 0 . 70 . 00 . 301 - 1 / 2520 .
notes on enidae , 3 : revision of the enidae of cyprus ( gastropoda : pupilloidea ) . schriften zur malakozoologie 4 : 1–25 , taf . 1–4 ; cismar .
notizen zur familie enidae , 4 . revision der griechischen arten der gattungen ena , zebrina , napaeopsis und turanena ( gastropoda pulmonata : pupilloidea ) .
malakozoologische mittheilungen . ii . binnenconchylien aus syrien . bericht über die thätigkeit des offenbacher vereins für naturkunde 22 / 23 : 162–176 , taf . 1 .
aménités malacologiques , xxix . catalogue des coquilles recueillies en crimèe et dans l’empire ottoman . revue et magasin de zoologie , paris ( 2 ) 7 ( 12 ) : 556–574 . [ = separatum ( complete print ) 1 [ 1856 ] : 107–129 ] .
monographie der türkischen enidae ( moll . , pulm . ) . verhandlungen der naturforschenden gesellschaft basel 51 : 202 .
the turkish enidae : the genus buliminus beck ( gastropoda pulmonata : pupillacea ) .
die türkischen enidae : die gattung turanena lindholm ( pulmonata : pupillacea ) . archiv für molluskenkunde , 122 ( zilch - festschr . ) : 71–87 , frankfurt a . m .
kaz dağı ( i̇da ) milli parkı malakofaunası ( the malacofauna of kaz dağı national park ) . in : proceedings . ii . ulusal kazdağları sempozyumu ( 2nd national kazdağları symposium ) , onsekiz mart uni . , çanakkale , türkiye , 22–25 june 2006 , 65–67 .
the genus ena in turkey , with remarks on its phylogenetic relationships ( gastropoda : buliminidae ) .
two new metafruticicola species from the taurus mountains in turkey ( gastropoda : hygromiidae ) . archiv für molluskenkunde , frankfurt am main , 133 ( 1 / 2 ) : 167–171 .
land snails of the land of israel – natural history and a field guide , 360 pp .
in : rossmässler ea , iconographie der land - & süßwasser - mollusken mit vorzüglicher berücksichtigung der europäischen noch nicht abgebildeten arten , ( 2 ) 6 ( 1 / 6 ) : 1–102 . taf . 151–180 .
borlumastus gen . nov . ( gastropoda , pulmonata , enidae ) , a new land snail genus from turkey . basteria , leiden , 68 ( 4 / 6 ) : 125–129 .
rodzaj lindbergia riedel ( gastropoda , zonitidae ) i uwagi o vitrea illyrica ( a . j . wagner ) .
revision der gattung assyriella p . hesse 1908 ( gastropoda : pulmonata : helicidae : helicinae ) . archiv für molluskenkunde , frankfurt a . m 125 ( 1 / 2 ) : 117–161 .
this family is in the superfamily truncatelloidea and in the clade littorinimorpha ( according to the taxonomy of the gastropoda by bouchet & rocroi , 2005 ) .
cochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum , aquatic gastropod mollusks . paludestrina is an archaic synonym , and has been placed on the official index of rejected and invalid names by iczn opinion 2202 .
strong et al . ( 2008 ) have recognized 246 freshwater species within cochliopidae .
liu et al . ( 2001 ) have recognized 34 genera with more than 260 species within the subfamily cochliopinae .
cochliopidae snails are characterized by sharp , elongated spire - like structures , and can be found in rivers or brackish water .


the guatemalan broad-clawed shrew ( cryptotis griseoventris ) is a species of small-eared shrew in the family soricidae .

it is known from guatemala and the mexican state of chiapas , where it has been found in montane forests of oak , pine and fir , as well as secondary forest , mostly at elevations above 2,000 m ( 6,600 ft ) .

it feeds on insects .

deforestation and habitat fragmentation are major threats , particularly in chiapas .

it was formerly considered conspecific with c. goldmani .

guatemalan broad - clawed shrew

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i thought you might be interested in this item at urltoken title : mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference author : don e wilson ; deeann m reeder publisher : baltimore : johns hopkins university press , ©2005 . isbn / issn : 0801882214 9780801882210 0801882389 9780801882388 0801882397 9780801882395 oclc : 57557352
wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of
information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
a uniquely valuable compendium of taxonomic and distributional data on the world ' s living and historically extinct mammalian species . contributors and editors alike deserve the thanks of all
mammalogists for helping to forge the nomenclatural mesh that holds our science together . * journal of mammalogy * to refer to this work as a checklist undervalues it and does not give sufficient credit to the authors and editors for their meticulous efforts in its production . a valuable reference work and a vital tool , particularly for researchers . * journal of natural history * by far the most convenient source for finding the correct scientific name of any mammal and should be on the reference shelf of libraries striving to have useful science sections . * science books and films * the editors and authors are to be congratulated for undertaking such an outstanding and authoritative work , and it should serve as a standard reference for mammalian species taxonomy for many years to come . * journal of mammalian evolution * the third edition adds to its reputation as an outstanding and authorative work . * national museum of natural history weekly update & forecast * impressive and elegant work . - - g . r . seamons * reference reviews * a must - have text for any professional mammalogist , and a useful and authoritative reference for scientists and students in other disciplines . * southeastern naturalist * a magnificent work important to anyone seriously interested in mammals . this work is essential for academic or special libraries supporting zoology or conservation and for large public libraries . * american reference books annual * as were many of our colleagues , we were waiting for this revised edition since 2003 . . . we can say that the wait was worth it . - - sergio solari and robert j . baker * journal of mammalogy *
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wilson and reeder ' s mammal species of the world is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today . the third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and , for the first time , common names . each concise entry covers type locality , distribution , synonyms , and major reference sources . the systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level . this indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals .
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this species occurs in highlands above 2 , 000 m asl in mexico ( chiapas ) and guatemala ( hutterer , 2005 ) .
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2
comments : c . mexicana group , goldmani subset ( woodman and timm , 1999 ) . formerly included in goldmani by choate ( 1970 ) , but given species rank by woodman and timm ( 1999 )
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
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