loncosaurus ( meaning uncertain ; either araucanian " chief " or greek " lance " " lizard " ) was a genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the upper cretaceous of provincia de santa cruz , argentina .

the type ( and only known ) species is loncosaurus argentinus , described by the famous argentinian paleontologist florentino ameghino , but is considered a dubious name .

details on this animal are often contradictory , befitting a genus that was long confused for a theropod .

loncosaurus

the holotype of loncosaurus argentinus is removed from theropoda and placed within ornithopoda , due to the presence of a pendant fourth trochanter and trochanteric fossae . the taxon loncosaurus argentinus is here considered a nomen vanum because of the absence of diagnostic characters . among the ornithopoda , no synapomorphies shared with the ankylopollexia ( higher iguanodontians + hadrosaurids ) were observed .
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loncosaurus
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loncosaurus is a dinosaur whose naming and history is one of mystery and general confusion . it was found in the cardiel or matasiete formation in the provincia de santa cruz , argentina . it lived in the late cretaceous , though exactly when between 100 and 66 million years ago is uncertain . it was first misidentified as a megalosaurid , and then a coelurid , and then it was reassessed to be an herbivore , based only on a tooth , and would have been a small to medium sized bipedal dinosaur . whether or not it’s an actual ornithopod is a bit more confusing .
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list last updated 6 / 6 / 18 additions and corrections entered since the last update are in green . genera counts ( but not totals ) changed since the last update appear in green cells .
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his alphabetized list comprises all dinosaur generic names based on skeletal material known to have been published anywhere , with or without formal scientific descriptions . names printed in bold italics are scientifically valid ; other names are vernacular , preoccupied , or otherwise scientifically invalid . occasionally it is found that two different names have been given to the same genus . such names are known as synonyms , and instances of synonymy are annotated in the list ( see synonymies in list section below ) . being a synonym by no means invalidates a generic name , since the junior synonym is usually available in case a synonymy is refuted or the senior synonym is found to be preoccupied .
for the purposes of this list , a dinosaur is defined as any archosaur more closely related to modern birds than to modern crocodylians that is not itself a true bird . i call the stem - based clade of archosaurs more closely related to modern birds than to modern crocodylians ornithes , the clade of modern birds aves ( by tradition , the common ancestor of all extant birds together with all its descendants ) , and the clade of true birds avialae ( by tradition , the common ancestor of modern birds and archaeopteryx together with all its descendants ) . if dinosaurs were defined here as a clade instead of as the difference between two clades , then all birds would be dinosaurs , and the dinosaur genera list would be obliged to include the names of thousands of fossil and extant bird genera along with the names of the genera that most of us are accustomed to calling dinosaurs : interesting , but probably not what one might be looking for as a list of dinosaur names .
the dinosaur genera list is freely available to anyone who desires to publish it in book or magazine form , to link to it , or to display it at a website , provided only that george olshevsky be informed of such publication or internet display , and be properly credited as compiler .
evans , schott , d . larson , c . brown & ryan , 2013
tsogtbaatar c . , kobayashi , tsogtbaatar k . , p . currie , watabe & barsbold , 2017
c . brown , evans , ryan & a . p . russell , 2013
pei , norell , barta , bever , pittman & xu x . , 2017
de souza carvalho ( as i . s . carvalho ) , avilla & salgado , 2003
xu x . , zhao q . , norell , c . sullivan , hone , erickson , wang x . l . , han f . & guo , 2009 ( not 2008 ) [ possible bird ]
yu y . , wang k . , chen s . , c . sullivan , wang s . , wang p . & xu x . , 2018
choiniere , j . clark , forster , norell , eberth , erickson , chu h . & xu x . , 2013
nesbitt , sidor , irmis , angielczyk , r . m . h . smith & tsuji , 2010
t . rich & vickers - rich ( as p . rich ) , 1989
you , li d . q . , ji q . , lamanna & dodson , 2005
godefroit , cau , hu d . , escuillié , wu w . h . & dyke , 2013 [ possible bird ; pss  >
hocknull , white , tischler , cook , calleja , t . sloan & d . elliott , 2009 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
burnham , derstler , p . currie , bakker , zhou z . & ostrom , 2000
pu , zelenitsky , lü , p . currie , carpenter , xu l . , koppelhus , jia s . , xiao , chuang , li t . r . , kundrat & shen , 2017
makovicky , li d . q . , gao k . , lewin , erickson & norell , 2009
allain , tykoski , aquesbi , jalil , monbaron , d . a . russell & taquet , 2007
you , ji q . , lamanna , li j . l . & li y . x . , 2004
furtado cabreira , kellner , dias - da - silva , l . r . da silva , bronzati , de almeida marsola , temp müller , de souza bittencourt , batista , raugust , carrilho , brodt & cardoso langer , 2016
hu d . , clarke , eliason , qiu r . , li q . g . , shawkey , zhao c . l . , dalba , jiang j . k . & xu x . , 2018 [ possible bird ]
hunt , s . lucas , heckert , r . sullivan , & lockley , 1998
hunt , s . lucas , heckert , r . sullivan & lockley , 1998
ji q . , p . currie , norell & ji s . , 1998
zan , chen j . , jin l . & li t . , 2005
han g . , chiappe , ji s . , habib , turner , chinsamy , liu x . & han l . , 2014
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1959
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1942 * [
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1958 [ jss  >
fang , pang , lü , zhang z . , pan s . , wang y . , li x . k . & cheng z . , 2000
loewen , sampson , e . k . lund , farke , aguillón martínez , de leon , rodríguez de la rosa , getty & eberth , 2010
lü , li g . q . , kundrát , lee y . n . , sun z . , kobayashi , shen , teng & liu h . , 2017
czerkas , zhang d . , li j . l . & li y . x . , 2002 [ pss  >
depalma , burnham , l . martin , p . larson & bakker , 2015
shen , lü , liu s . z . , kundrát , brusatte & gao h . , 2017
peng g . , ye , gao y . , shu & jiang s . , 2005
mo , zhou f . , li g . n . , huang z . & cao , 2014
xu s . , you , wang j . , wang s . z . , yi & jia l . , 2015 ( not 2016 ) [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
you , li d . q . , zhou l . & ji q . , 2008
sereno , duthiel , iarochene , larsson , lyon , magwene , sidor , varricchio & j . a . wilson , 1996
xu x . , norell , kuang , wang x . l . , zhao q . & jia c . , 2004
wang x . r . , you , meng , gao c . , cheng x . & liu j . y . , 2007
chen r . , zheng w . , azuma , shibata , lou , jin q . & jin x . , 2013 [ pss  >
lü , azuma , chen r . , zheng w . & jin x . , 2008
bakker , r . sullivan , porter , p . larson & saulsbury , 2006 [ pss  >
lacovarra , lamanna , ibiricu , poole , schroeter , ullmann , voegele , boles , carter , fowler , egerton , moyer , coughenour , schein , harris , r . d . martínez & novas , 2014
irmis , nesbitt , padian , n . d . smith , turner , woody & a . downs , 2007
navarrete , casal & r . d . martínez ( as r . martínez ) , 2011
r . n . martínez , sereno , alcober , colombi , renne , montañez & b . currie , 2011
lü , li t . g . , zhong , ji q . & li s . x . , 2008
godefroit , demuynck , dyke , hu d . , escuillié & claeys , 2013 [ possible bird ]
escaso , f . ortega , dantas , malafaia , b . silva , gasulla , mocho , narváez & sanz , 2014
you , luo , shubin , witmer , tang z . & tang f . , 2003
xu x . , zhang x . h . , sereno , zhao x . , kuang , han j . & tan l . , 2002
azuma , xu x . , shibata , kawabe , miyata & imai , 2016
mo , wang w . , huang z . , huang x . & xu x . , 2006
you , li d . q . , zhou l . & ji q . , 2008 [
wang s . , sun c . , c . sullivan & xu x . , 2013
vickaryous , a . p . russell , p . currie & zhao x . , 2001
tsuihiji , barsbold , watabe , tsogtbaatar k . , tsogtbaatar c . , fujiyama & suzuki , 2014
gripposaurus barrett , upchurch , zhou x . & wang x . , 2007 [
ryan , evans , p . currie , c . brown & brinkman , 2012
ryan , evans , p . currie , c . brown & brinkman , 2011 [
xu x . , j . clark , forster , norell , erickson , eberth , jia c . & zhao q . , 2006
cau , beyrand , voeten , v . fernandez , tafforeau , stein , barsbold , tsogtbaatar k . , p . currie & godefroit , 2017
choiniere , xu x . , j . clark , forster , guo & han f . , 2010
mcdonald , kirkland , deblieux , s . k . madsen , cavin , a . r . c . milner & panzarin , 2010
han f . , forster , j . clark & xu x . , 2015
lü , pu , kobayashi , xu l . , chang h . , shang y . h . , liu d . , lee y . n . , kundrát & shen , 2015
you , li d . q . , zhou l . & ji q . , 2006
huang j . , you , yang j . t . & ren , 2014
ramírez - velasco , benammi , prieto - márquez , j . ortega & hernández - rivera , 2012
r . n . martínez , apaldetti , alcober , colombi , sereno , e . fernandez , santi malnis , correa & abelin , 2013
salgado , canudo , garrido , moreno - azanza , l . c . a . martínez , coria & gasca , 2017
he y . , makovicky , wang k . , chen s . , c . sullivan , han f . & xu x . , 2015 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
hunt , lockley , s . lucas & c . meyer , 1995 ( not 1994 ) [
b . d . curtice , stadtman & l . j . curtice , 1996 [
pu , kobayashi , lü , xu l . , wu y . , chang h . , zhang j . m . & jia s . , 2013
tang f . , kang , jin x . , wei & wu w . t . , 2001
wei , pu , xu l . , liu d . & lü , 2013
xu x . , p . currie , pittman , xing l . , meng , lü , hu d . & yu c . , 2017
ji q . , ji s . , lü , you , chen w . , liu y . q . & liu y . x . , 2005
zheng w . , jin x . , azuma , wang q . , miyata & xu x . , 2018
wu w . h . , dong , sun y . , li c . & li t . , 2006
ji q . , ji s . , zhang h . , you , zhang j . p . , wang l . , yuan & ji x . , 2002 [ possible bird ]
sereno , beck , dutheil , larsson , lyon , moussa , sadleir , sidor , varricchio , g . p . wilson & j . a . wilson , 1999
ibiricu , casal , r . d . martínez , lamanna , luna & salgado , 2013
huh , lee d . g . , j . k . kim , lim & godefroit , 2010
sampson , loewen , farke , roberts , forster , j . a . smith & titus , 2010
li f . , peng g . , ye , jiang s . & huang d . , 2009
xu x . , makovicky , wang x . l . , norell & you , 2002
shen , zhao b . , gao c . , lü & kundrát , 2017
salgado , garrido , s . e . cocca & j . r . cocca , 2004
xu x . , j . clark , mo , choiniere , forster , erickson , hone , c . sullivan , eberth , nesbitt , zhao q . , hernández - rivera ( as hernandez ) , jia c . , han f . & guo , 2009
xu x . , c . sullivan , pittman , choiniere , hone , upchurch , tan q . , xiao , tan l . & han f . , 2011
xu x . , choiniere , pittman , tan q . , xiao , li z . q . , tan l . , j . clark , norell , hone & c . sullivan , 2010 [ pss  >
xu x . , tan q . , c . sullivan , han f . , & xiao , 2011
sanz , j . e . powell , le loeuff , r . d . martínez & pereda - suberbiola , 1999
díez díaz , mocho , páramo , escaso , marcos - fernández , sanz & f . ortega , 2016
dantas , sanz , c . m . da silva , f . ortega , v . f . dos santos & cachao , 1998
r . n . martínez & apaldetti , 2017 / hunt & s . lucas , 1994 [ advance publication online ]  >
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1974 [ jss  >
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1941
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1948
lü , xu l . , jiang x . , jia s . , li m . , yuan , zhang x . l . & ji q . , 2009
peecook , sidor , nesbitt , r . m . h . smith , steyer & angielczyk , 2013
fuentes vidarte , m . meijide calvo , f . meijide - fuentes & m . meijide - fuentes 2017 ( not 2016 )
turner , pol , j . a . clarke , erickson & norell , 2007
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1954
sallam , gorscak , p . m . oconnor , el - dawoudi , el - sayed , saber , kora , sertich , seiffert & lamanna , 2018
kellner , campos , azevedo , trotta , henriques , craik & h . silva , 2006
perle , norell , chiappe & j . clark , 1993 / schueppel , 1824  >
gasulla , escaso , narváez , f . ortega & sanz , 2015 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
mo , zhao z . , wang w . & xu x . , 2007
kirkland , britt , whittle , s . k . madsen & burge , 1998
zhang x . h . , xu x . , zhao x . , sereno , kuang & tan l . , 2001
lü , tomida , azuma , dong & lee y . n . , 2004 / szczechura , 1978  >
lü , tomida , azuma , dong & lee y . n . , 2005
ji q . , lü , wei & wang x . r . , 2012
barsbold , osmólska , watabe , p . currie & baatar k . , 2000
gonzález - riga , lamanna , ortiz david , j . calvo & coria , 2016
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1939
coria , filippi , chiappe , r . a . garcía ( as r . garcía ) & arcucci , 1213
kellner , azevedo , machado , l . b . carvalho & henriques , 2011
furtado cabreira ( as s . f . cabreira ) , schultz , de souza bittencourt ( as j . s . bittencourt ) , m . b . soares , fortier , l . r . da silva ( as l . r . silva ) & cardoso langer ( as m . c . langer ) , 2011
you , azuma , wang t . , wang y . & dong , 2014
j . b . smith , lamanna , lacovara , dodson , j . r . smith , poole , giegengack & attia , 2001
carballido , pol , otero , cerda , salgado , garrido , ramezani , cúneo & j . krause , 2017
perez - moreno , sanz , buscalioni , moratalla , f . ortega & rasskin - gutman , 1994
filippi , canudo , salgado , garrido , r . a . garcía ( as r . garcía ) , cerda & otero , 2011 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
xu x . , zhao q . , c . sullivan , tan q . , sander & ma , 2012
lü , yi , brusatte , yang l . , li hua , & chen l . , 2014
xing l . , miyashita , zhang j . p . , li d . q . , ye , sekiya , wang f . & p . currie , 2015
mo , huang c . , zhao z . , wang w . & xu x . , 2008
xue , zhang y . x . , bi , yue & chen d . , 1996
xu l . , kobayashi , lü , lee y . n . , liu y . q . , tanaka , zhang x . l . , jia s . & zhang j . m . , 2011 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
forster , sampson , chiappe & d . krause , 1998 / griveaud , 1975  >
sereno , tan l . , brusatte , kriegstein , zhao x . & cloward , 2009 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
lü , xu l . , jia s . , zhang x . l . , zhang j . m . , yang l . , you & ji q . , 2009
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1944 [
r . d . martínez ( as r . d . f . martínez ) , lamanna , novas , ridgely , casal , j . e . martínez , vita & witmer , 2016
poropat , mannion , upchurch , hocknull , kear , kundrát , tischler , t . sloan , sinapius , j . elliott & d . elliott , 2016
lefèvre , cau , cincotta , hu d . , chinsamy , escuillié & godefroit , 2017 [ possible bird ]
brusatte , benson , chure , xu x . , c . sullivan & hone , 2009
ji q . , ji s . , you , zhang j . p . , yuan , ji x . , li j . l . & li y . x . , 2002 [ possible bird ]
ji q . , norell , makovicky , gao k . , ji s . & yuan , 2003
wu x . , p . currie , dong , pan s . & wang t . , 2009
wang g . f . , you , pan s . & wang t . , 2017
you , ji q . , li j . l . & li y . x . , 2003
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1942
xu x . , norell , wang x . l . , makovicky & wu x . , 2002
royo - torres , fuentes vidarte ( as fuentes ) , meijide calvo ( as meijide ) , f . meijide - fuentes & m . meijide - fuentes , 2017
mallon , ott , p . larson , iuliano & evans , 2016 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
remes , f . ortega , fierro , u . joger , kosma , marín ferrer , chiappe , dantas , escaso , gasulla , lópez , pomares , b . ribeiro , sanz , tent - manclús , faust , h . joger , j . joger , krüger , mudroch , rabe , ritter , sommer , ide & maga , 2009 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
sereno , beck , dutheil , gado , larsson , lyon , marcot , rauhut , sadleir , sidor , varricchio , g . p . wilson & j . a . wilson , 1998
li d . q . , peng c . , you , lamanna , harris , lacovara & zhang j . p . , 2007
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1942 [
zanno , varricchio , p . m . oconnor , titus & knell , 2011 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
yang j . t . , you , li d . q . & kong , 2013
zaher , pol , a . b . carvalho , nascimento , riccomini , p . larson , juarez - valieri , pires - domingues , n . j . da silva & campos , 2011 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
nesbitt , n . d . smith , irmis , turner , a . downs & norell , 2009
allain , aquesbi , dejax , c . meyer , monbaron , montenat , richir , rochdy , d . a . russell & taquet , 2004
nesbitt , r . j . butler , ezcurra , barrett , stocker , angielczyk , r . m . h . smith , sidor , niedzwiedzki , sennikov & charig , 2017 [ formerly
zheng x . , xu x . , you , zhao q . & dong , 2009
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1937
brusatte , averianov , sues , muir & i . b . butler , 2016
porfir , juarez - valieri ( as juárez valieri ) , d . santos & lamanna , 2018
juarez - valieri ( as juárez valieri ) & j . calvo , 2010 [
de souza carvalho , salgado , lindoso , de araújo - júnior , costa nogueira & j . a . soares , 2017
yang z . j . ( as young c . c . ) , 1958
dong , li x . m . , zhou s . & zhang y . h . , 1977
salgado & de souza carvalho ( as i . s . carvalho ) , 2008
ryan , evans , p . currie , c . brown & brinkman , 2011 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
juárez valieri , haro , fiorelli & j . calvo , 2011 ( not 2010 )
xu x . , tan q . , wang s . , c . sullivan , hone , han s . , ma , tan l . & xiao , 2013
xu x . , you , du k . & han f . , 2011 [ possible bird ]
li d . q . , norell , gao k . , n . d . smith & makovicky , 2009
xu x . , wang d . , c . sullivan , hone , han f . , yan & du f . , 2010
dong , zhang y . h . ( as chang y . ) , li x . m . & zhou s . , 1978
xu x . , zheng x . , c . sullivan , wang x . l . , xing l . , wang y . , zhang x . m . , j . k . oconnor , zhang f . & pan y . , 2015
chatterjee , wang t . , pan s . , dong , wu x . & upchurch , 2010 [
zheng w . , jin x . , shibata , azuma & yu f . , 2011
lü , p . currie , xu l . , zhang x . l . , pu & jia s . , 2013
wang r . , you , xu s . , wang s . z . , yi , xie , jia l . & li y . x . , 2013 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
lü , xu l . , pu , zhang x . l . , zhang y . y . , jia s . , chang h . , zhang j . m . & wei , 2013
senter , kirkland , deblieux , s . k . madsen & toth , 2012
xu x . , wang k . , zhang k . , ma , xing l . , c . sullivan , hu d . , cheng s . & wang s . , 2012
norell , makovicky , bever , balanoff , j . clark , barsbold & rowe , 2009
salgado , de souza carvalho ( as i . s . carvalho ) & garrido , 2006
xing h . , wang d . , han f . , c . sullivan , ma , he y . , hone , yan , du f . & xu x . , 2014 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
lü , jin x . , sheng , li y . h . , wang g . p . & azuma , 2007 [
gao c . , chiappe , meng , j . k . oconnor , wang x . r . , cheng x . & liu j . y . , 2008
xu x . , wang k . , zhao x . , c . sullivan & chen s . , 2010
mo , wang k . , chen s . , wang p . & xu x . , 2017
hone , wang k . , c . sullivan , zhao x . , chen s . , li d . , ji s . , ji q . & xu x . , 2011
arbour , burns , r . sullivan , s . lucas , cantrell , fry & suazo , 2014
wang r . , you , wang s . z . , xu s . , yi , xie , jia l . & xing h . , 2015 [ electronic publication but here considered valid ]
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full reference : f . ameghino . 1899 . nota preliminar sobre el loncasaurus argentinus un representante de la familia de los megalosauridae en la república argentina [ preliminary note on loncasaurus argentinus , a representative of the family megalosauridae in the argentine republic ] . anales de la sociedad científica argentina 47 : 61 - 62
see also ameghino 1899 , ameghino 1900 , bonaparte 1978 , coria 1999 , coria et al . 2007 , coria and salgado 1996 , huene 1909 , huene 1929 , huene 1934 , molnar 1980 , molnar 1984 , norman and weishampel 1990 , novas 1997 , romer 1956 , romer 1966 , ruiz - omeñaca et al . 2007 , steel 1970 , tatarinov 1964 and von zittel 1911
see also ameghino 1899 , ameghino 1900 , ameghino 1900 , bonaparte 1978 , bonaparte 1979 , coria et al . 2007 , coria and salgado 1996 , huene 1929 , huene 1931 , molnar 1984 , norman and weishampel 1990 , novas 1997 , roth 1900 , ruiz - omeñaca et al . 2007 and steel 1970
type specimen : macn 1629 , a limb element ( femur ) . its type locality is par - aik , río sehuen , which is in a santonian / campanian terrestrial sandstone in the mata amarilla formation of argentina .
html public
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urltoken
an ongoing dinosaur encyclopaedia . by meig dickson ( she / her or ey / em ) , henry thomas ( he / him ) , josé c . cortés ( he / him ) , †jack wood ( he / him ) , scott reid ( he / him ) , and ripley cook ( she / her ) support us on patreon index faq
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where : santa cruz , argentina ( 49 . 6° s , 69 . 6° w : paleocoordinates 52 . 4° s , 56 . 0° w )
when : mata amarilla formation , santonian to santonian ( 85 . 8 - 70 . 6 ma )
• also listed as cardiel formation and matasiete formation - orig . the
guaranitic formation
, found above a layer with ostrea guaranitica , but the bed coninues below this layer as well .
primary reference : f . ameghino . 1899 . nota preliminar sobre el loncasaurus argentinus un representante de la familia de los megalosauridae en la república argentina [ preliminary note on loncasaurus argentinus , a representative of the family megalosauridae in the argentine republic ] .
paleodb collection 49095 : authorized by matthew carrano , entered by matthew carrano on 08 . 04 . 2005
full reference : e . buffetaut and v . suteethorn . 2011 . a new iguanodontian dinosaur from the khok kruat formation ( early cretaceous , aptian ) of northeastern thailand . annales de paléontologie 97 : 51 - 62
full reference : g . stefano . 1903 . nuovi rettili degli strati a fosfato della tunisia . bollettino della societa geologica italiana 22 : 51 - 80
parent taxon : iguanodontia according to f . - l . han et al . 2012
see also benton 1990 , butler et al . 2008 , carroll 1988 , chure et al . 2006 , coria and calvo 2002 , coria and salgado 1996 , escaso et al . 2014 , galton 2007 , jouve 2005 , mcdonald et al . 2010 , milner and norman 1984 , norman 1984 , norman 2004 , ruiz - omeñaca et al . 2007 , sánchez - hernández et al . 2007 , sereno 1997 , sereno 1998 , sereno 1999 , stefano 1903 and sues and norman 1990
full reference : f . v . huene . 1932 . die fossile reptil - ordnung saurischia , ihre entwicklung und geschichte [ the fossil reptile order saurischia , their development and history ] . monographien zur geologie und palaeontologie , serie 1 4 ( 1 - 2 ) : 1 - 361
parent taxon : iguanodontia according to f . l . agnolin et al . 2010
see also carroll 1988 , huene 1944 , molnar 1980 , molnar 1984 , molnar and galton 1986 , norman et al . 2004 , rich and vickers - rich 1989 , romer 1956 , romer 1966 , steel 1970 , sues 1997 , sues and norman 1990 and tatarinov 1964
amniota haeckel , 1866 definition - ( homo sapiens + chelonia mydas + sphenodon punctatus + draco volans + caiman crocodilus + vultur gryphus ) ( gauthier et al . , 2004 ) other definitions - ( mammalia + reptilia ) ( gauthier et al . , 1988 ) ( homo sapiens + iguana iguana ) ( reisz , 2004 )
synapsida osborn , 1903 definition - ( dicynodon lacerticeps < - crocodilus niloticus ) ( modified from kischlat and timm , 2006 ) other definitions - ( eothyris parkeyi + varanops brevirostris + homo sapiens ) ( modified from laurin and reiz , 1995 ) ( homo sapiens < - hylonomus lyelli , procolophon trigoniceps , petrolacosaurus kansensis ) ( modified from reisz , 2004 ; modified from gauthier et al . , 1988 ) ( lower temporal arch as in homo sapiens ) ( rowe et al . , 2004 )
sauropsida goodrich , 1916 definition - ( crocodylus niloticus < - homo sapiens ) ( modified from kischlat and timm , 2006 ; modified from gauthier et al . , 1988 ) other definitions - ( mesosaurus tenuidens + testudo graeca + diapsida ) ( modified from laurin and reisz , 1995 ) = procolophonia seeley , 1888 definition - ( procolophon trigoniceps + pareiasaurus serridens + testudo graeca ) ( modified from laurin and reisz , 1995 ) other definitions - ( owenetta rubidgei + barasaurus besairei + procolophon trigoniceps + lanthanosuchus watsoni + sclerosaurus armatus + pareiasaurus serridens + testudo graeca ) ( modified from lee , 1997 ) = testudinomorpha laurin and reisz , 1995 definition - ( procolophon trigoniceps + testudo graeca ) ( modified from laurin and reisz , 1995 )
romeriida gauthier , kluge and rowe , 1988 other definitions - ( sauria < - anapsida ) ( gauthier et al . , 1988 ) ( paleothyris acadiana + diapsida ) ( laurin and reisz , 1995 )
diapsida osborn , 1903 definition - ( petrolacosaurus kansensis , iguana iguana < - captorhinus aguti , procolophon trigoniceps , paleothyris acadiana ) ( reisz , 2004 ) other definitions - ( araeoscelis gracilis + sauria ) ( gauthier et al . , 1988 ) ( araeoscelis gracilis + lepidosauria + archosauria ) ( laurin , 1991 ) ( araeoscelis gracilis + youngina capensis ) ( modified from laurin and reisz , 1995 ) ( araeoscelis gracilis + claudiosaurus germaini + youngina capensis + sauria ) ( modified from braga and rieppel , 1997 ) ( two temporal arches / fenestrae of caiman crocodilus ) ( gauthier et al . , 2004 ) ( araeoscelis gracilis + crocodylus niloticus ) ( modified from kischlat and timm , 2006 )
reptilia linnaeus , 1758 definition - ( testudo hermani + sphenodon punctatus + iguana iguana + crocodylis niloticus ) ( reisz , 2004 ) other definitions - ( testudines + sauria ) ( gauthier er al . , 1988 ) crown ( chelonia mydas + sphenodon punctatus + draco volans + caiman crocodilus + vultur gryphus ) ( gauthier et al . , 2004 ) ( testudo hermani + lacerta lacerta ) ( modified from kischlat and timm , 2006 ) = sauria maccartney , 1802 definition - crown ( sphenodon punctatus + draco volans + caiman crocodilus + vultur gryphus ) ( modified from gauthier et al . , 1988 ; gauthier et al . , 2004 )
unnamed possible reptile ( dames , 1884 ) early tithonian , late jurassic ober solnhofen plattenkalk , germany material - ( hmn coll . ) metapodial ( 54 mm ) , metapodial ( 60 mm ) , metapodial ( 68 mm ) , proximal phalanx ( 20 mm ) comments - dames ( 1884 ) described three metapodials and a proximal phalanx ( hmn coll . ) , which was questionably referred to compsognathus by huene ( 1925 ) . however , ostrom ( 1978 ) showed that the shortest metapodial is too short to be a compsognathus metatarsal ii ( which is the shortest of its main three metatarsals ) and that the phalanx associated with it is too long to be ii - 1 . these may not be theropod , and may not even be metatarsals . references - dames , 1884 . uber metatarsen eines compsognathus - ahnlichen reptils von solnhofen . sitz - ber . ges . naturforsch . . 1884 , 179 - 180 . huene , 1925 . eine neue rekonstrucktion von compsognathus longipes . clb . mineral . geol . u . palaont . jg . 1925 , abt . b ( 5 ) , 157 - 160 . ostrom , 1978 . the osteology of compsognathus longipes . zitteliana abbandlungen bayerischen staatssammlung paldontol . historische geol . ( munchen ) . 4 , 73 - 118 .
lepidosauromorpha benton , 1983 definition - ( sphenodon punctatus + squamata < - crocodylia , aves ) ( gauthier et al . , 1988 ) lepidosauria dumerin and bibron , 1839 definition - crown ( sphenodon punctatus + draco volans ) ( modified from gauthier et al . , 1988 ; gauthier et al . , 2004 ) other definitions - ( sphenodon punctatus + scincus scincus ) ( modified from kischlat and timm , 2006 )
squamata oppel , 1811 definition - ( iguana iguana + dibamus novaeguineae + gekko gecko + coluber constrictor ) ( modified from kischlat and timm , 2006 ) other definitions - ( iguana iguana + autarchoglossa ) ( modified from gauthier et al . , 1988 ) ( iguana iguana + scleroglossa ) ( modified from estes et al . , 1988 )
- hector , 1874 . on the fossil reptilia of new zealand . transactions of the new zealand institute . 6 , 333 - 358 .
, n . gen . et sp . , a new mosasaur ( reptilia , squamata ) from the upper cretaceous of antarctica . ameghiniana . 39 , 245 - 249 .
lydekker , 1888 , catalogue of the fossil reptilia and amphibia in the british museum ( natural history ) , cromwell road , s . w . , part 1 . containing the orders ornithosauria , crocodilia , dinosauria , squamata , rhynchocephalia , and proterosauria . british museum of natural history , london . 309 pp .
caldwell , holmes , bell and wiffen , 2005 . an unusual tylosaurine mosasaur from new zealand : a new skull of
( lower haumurian ; upper cretaceous ) . journal of vertebrate paleontology . 25 , 393 - 401 .
from new zealand and its bearing upon faunal similarity within the weddellian province . geological journal . 43 , 203 - 211 .
( mosasauridae , tylosaurinae ) from the upper campanian ( cretaceous ) of antarctica . cretaceous research . 30 ( 3 ) , 717 - 726 .
- caldwell et al . ( 2008 ) note this taxon ' s supposedly distinctive teeth are actually characteristic of
- persson , 1963 . studies on mesozoic marine reptile faunas with particular regard to the plesiosauria . publications from the institutes of mineralogy , paleontology , and quaternary geology , university of lund , sweden . 118 , 1 - 15 .
: a giant mosasaur from the early campanian of sweden . transactions of the royal society of edinburgh : earth sciences . 93 , 73 - 93 .
( mosasauridae , tylosaurinae ) from the upper santonian - lower campanian ( upper cretaceous ) of hokkaido , japan . journal of vertebrate paleontology . 28 ( 2 ) , 339 - 348 .
- novas , fernández , gasparini , lirio , nunez and puerta , 2002 .
( mcm . m0009 ; specimen of
yezosaurus mikasaensis
) ( ~ 10 . 3 m ) ( skull ~ 1 . 5 m ) partial snout , sclerotic plates , partial mandibles
skeletal on the cover ) , but again the technical content remains unknown . chure ( pers . comm . in olshevsky , 1991 ) identified the remains as a mosasaur , which it was later redescribed as by caldwell et al . ( 2008 ) . those authors named it as a new species of
.
yezosaurus
is not mentioned in their paper due to its unofficial status in the muramoto article ( konishi , pers . comm . 2010 ) . if any of the 1977 publications include a description which follows iczn rules , the authorship for
. the holotype is clearly not a theropod , as it lacks an antorbital fenestra and maxillary ascending process ( instead having a large prefrontal laterally exposed in that space ) , and further differs from tyrannosaurids and most other large theropods in having premaxilla - frontal contact , an extremely low snout , and uncompressed fluted teeth with expanded roots and no serrations . while spinosaurines are most similar among theropods , even they lack expanded roots and premaxilla - frontal contact .
muramoto , 1977b . discovery of the fossil of a large reptile skull . kaseki no tomo . 16 , 2 .
obata , 1977 . [ home country collection room of the city of mikasa and muramoto ' s collection ] . natural science and museum . 44 ( 1 ) , 40 - 43 .
yomiuri , 1977 . [ yezomikasa - ryu , testimomy by dinosaurs : 100 million years of japanese archipelago ] . green arrow publishing .
chure and mcintosh , 1989 . a bibliography of the dinosauria ( exclusive of the aves ) 1677 - 1986 . museum of western colorado paleontology series # 1 . 226 pp .
olshevsky , 1991 . a revision of the parainfraclass archosauria cope , 1869 , excluding the advanced crocodylia . mesozoic meanderings . 2 , 196 pp .
glut , 1997 . dinosaurs - the encyclopedia . mcfarland press , jefferson , nc . 1076 pp .
archosauromorpha huene , 1946 definition - ( archosauria < - lepidosauria ) ( gauthier et al . , 1988 ) other definitions - ( protorosaurus speneri < - lepidosauria ) ( modified from dilkes , 1998 ) ( rhynchosaurus articeps + protorosaurus speneri + caiman crocodilus ) ( gauthier et al . , 2004 ) ? = basitheropoda olshevsky , 1991 ? = theropodomorpha olshevsky , 1991 definition - ( megalancosaurus preonensis + longisquama insignis + megalosaurus bucklandii , - passer domesticus ) ( modified from olshevsky , 1991 ) ? = archelosauria crawford , parham , sellas , faircloth , glenn , papenfuss , henderson , hansen and simison , 2014 definition - ( testudo graeca + crocodylus niloticus ) ( crawford et al . , 2014 )
pistosauria baur , 1890 definition - ( augustasaurus hagdorni + pistosaurus longaevus + plesiosaurus dolichodeirus ) ( modified after rieppel et al . , 2002 ) other definitions - ( cymatosaurus fridericianus + pistosaurus longaevus + plesiosaurus dolichodeirus + pliosaurus brachydeirus ) ( modified after rieppel , 1998 )
unnamed probable brachauchenine ( knoll , collete , dubus and petit , 2000 ) early albian , early cretaceous sables verts , france material - ( petit coll . ) posterior dorsal centrum ( 107 mm ) comments - knoll et al . ( 2000 ) originally described this as a possibly brachiosaurid sauropod proximal caudal , but it was reidentified by buffetaut et al . ( 2005 ) as a pliosaurid dorsal . given its age , it is probably referrable to brachaucheninae , but is likely to be indeterminate . references - knoll , collete , dubus and petit , 2000 . on the presence of a sauropod dinosaur ( saurischia ) in the albian of aube ( france ) . geodiversitas . 22 , 389 - 394 . buffetaut , collete , dubus and petit , 2005 . the
sauropod
from the albian of mesnil - saint - père ( aube , france ) : a pliosaur , not a dinosaur . carnets de géologie . 2005 / 01 , 1 - 5 .
testudinata klein , 1760 definition - ( carapace formed from costal bones with fused ribs , neural bones with fused thoracic vertebrae , and marginal bones ; plastron formed from interclavicle , clavicle , and three to five paired bones sutured together ; carapace and plastron articulated at lateral margin and enclosing shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle as in chelonia mydas ) ( joyce et al . , 2004 )
testudines batsch , 1788 ( not linnaeus , 1758 ) definition - crown ( chelus fimbriatus + testudo graeca ) ( proposed ) other definitions - ( chelonia mydas < - captorhinus aguti ) ( modified from gauthier et al . , 1988 ) ( proganochelys quenstedti + crown turtles ) ( modified from laurin and reisz , 1995 ) crown ( chelus fimbriatus + chelonia mydas ) ( joyce et al . , 2004 ) = chelonii latreille , 1800 definition - ( chelus fimbriatus + testudo hermani ) ( modified from kischlat and timm , 2006 ) = chelonia ross and macartney , 1802 ( preoccupied sonnini and latreille , 1801 )
trionychia hummel , 1929 definition - crown ( trionyx triunguis + carettochelys insculpta ) ( joyce et al . , 2004 )
trionychidae gray , 1825 definition - crown ( trionyx triunguis + cyclanorbis senegalensis ) ( joyce et al . , 2004 )
chelonioidea gray , 1825 vide agassiz , 1857 definition - ( chelonia mydas + dermochelys coriacea ) ( joyce et al . , 2004 )
unnamed possible thecodont ( chatterjee , 1987 ) carnian , late triassic maleri formation , india material - ( isi r 306 ) cervical vertebra ( ~ 27 mm ) comments - this material is part of the alwalkeria holotype as described by chatterjee ( 1987 ) , but rauhut and remes ( 2005 ) found it was similar to malerisaurus and pamelaria . some of the dorsal vertebrae may belong to this taxon also . references - chatterjee , 1987 . a new theropod dinosaur from india with remarks on the gondwana - laurasia connection in the late triassic . geophysical monograph . 41 , 183 - 189 . remes and rauhut , 2005 . the oldest indian dinosaur alwalkeria maleriensis chatterjee revised : a chimera including remains of a basal saurischian . in kellner , henriques and rodrigues ( eds ) . ii congresso latino - americano de paleontologia de vertebrados , boletim de resumos . museu nacional , rio de janeiro . 218 .
tanystropheidae gervais , 1858 or 1859 = tribelesodontidae nopcsa , 1922 = tribelesodontoidea nopcsa , 1922 sensu nopcsa , 1928 = tribelesodontia nopcsa , 1923 = macroscelosauridae kuhn , 1935 definition - ( tanystropheus conspicuus + macrocnemus bassanii + langobardisaurus pandolfii ) ( modified from dilkes , 1998 ) other definitions - ( tanystropheus conspicuus + tanytrachelos ahynis ) ( modified after merck , 1997 ) comments - tribelesodontidae was named by nopcsa ( 1922 ) as a basal family of pterosaurs including tribelesodon and rhabdopelix . references - nopcsa , 1922 . neubeschreibung des trias - pterosauriers tribelesodon . paläontologische zeitschrift . 5 ( 2 ) , 161 - 181 . nopcsa , 1928 . the genera of reptiles . palaeobiologica . 1 , 163 - 188 . nopcsa , 1923 . die familien der reptilien . kuhn , 1935 . rhynchocephalia ( eosuchia ) . fossilium catalogus i : animalia . 71 , 1 - 38 .
rhynchosauria parker , 1879 definition - ( mesosuchus browni + rhynchosaurus articeps ) ( suggested ) other definitions - ( mesosuchus browni + hyperodapedon gordoni ) ( modified after merck , 1997 ) ( mesosuchus browni + howesia browni ) ( modified after dilkes , 1998 ) comments - the authorship is often given as
osborn , 1903 ( gervais , 1859 )
, but gervais used
rhynchosaures
which is merely french for
rhynchosaurs .
rhynchosauria goes back at least to parker ( 1879 ) , though osborn ( 1903 ) did establish it more officially .
rhynchosauroidea huxley , 1887 vide nopcsa , 1928 other definitions - ( howesia browni + hyperodapedon gordoni ) ( modified after merck , 1997 ) comments - according to the iczn any superfamily must include its eponymous family , in this case rhynchosauridae . if the latter were defined to exclude hyperodapedon , rhynchosauroidea could exist to include both rhynchosauridae and hyperodapedontidae .
rhynchosauridae huxley , 1887 other definitions - ( rhynchosaurus articeps + scaphonyx fischeri + stenaulorhynchus stockleyi + hyperodapedon gordoni ) ( modified after dilkes , 1998 ) ( stenaulorhynchus stockleyi + hyperodapedon gordoni ) ( modified after merck , 1997 ) comments - while rhynchosauridae was defined prior to hyperodapedontidae , according to the iczn a family including both rhynchosaurus and hyperodapedon must be named after the latter since its family level taxon was named two years earlier . rhynchosauridae remains available for a sister taxon to hyperodapedontidae .
allokotosauria nesbitt , flynn , pritchard , parrish , ranivoharimanana and wyss , 2015 definition - ( azendohsaurus madagaskarensis , trilophosaurus buettneri < - tanystropheus longobardicus , proterosuchus fergusi , protorosaurus speneri , rhynchosaurus articeps ) ( nesbitt et al . , 2015 ) comments - the type species ( azendohsaurus laaroussii , tanystropheus conspicuus ) should have been used in the definition .
azendohsauridae nesbitt , flynn , pritchard , parrish , ranivoharimanana and wyss , 2015 definition - ( azendohsaurus madagaskarensis < - trilophosaurus buettneri , tanystropheus longobardicus , proterosuchus fergusi , protorosaurus speneri , rhynchosaurus articeps , passer domesticus ) ( nesbitt et al . , 2015 ) comments - the type species ( azendohsaurus laaroussii , tanystropheus conspicuus ) should have been used in the definition .
prolacerta archosauriformes gauthier et al . , 1988 definition - ( proterosuchus fergusi + crocodylus niloticus ) ( nesbitt , 2011 ; modified from kischlat , 2000 ) other definitions - ( proterosuchus fergusi + caiman crocodilus + vultur gryphus ) ( gauthier et al . , 2004 )
megalosaurus
cloacinus quenstedt , 1858 = plateosaurus cloacinus ( quenstedt , 1858 ) huene , 1905 = gresslyosaurus cloacinus ( quenstedt , 1858 ) huene , 1932 rhaetian , late triassic rhatsandstein , germany holotype - ( smnh 52457 ) tooth reference - quenstedt , 1858 . der jura . h . laupp ' schen , tübingen . 842 pp .
picrodon seeley , 1898 p . herveyi seeley , 1898 = avalonia herveyi ( seeley , 1898 ) nopcsa , 1901 rhaetian , late triassic westbury formation , england holotype - ( bmnh r2875 ) fragmented dentaries , tooth ( 23 x 9 . 5 x ? mm ) comments - this taxon shares much of its history with avalonianus sanfordi . kuhn ( 1970 ) listed it as an ornithosuchid references - nopcsa , 1901 . a dinosaurusok atnezete es szarmazasa . földtani közlöny . 31 , 193 - 224 . kuhn , 1970 . romer , 1976 . osteology of the reptiles . university of chicago press . 772 pp .
unnamed archosauriform ( heckert et al . , 2000 ) late carnian , late triassic mesa redondo member of the chinle formation , new mexico , us material - ( nmmnh p - 18401 ) dorsal vertebrae comments - heckert et al . ( 2000 ) referred these vertebrae to an unnamed new theropod taxon with a ventral keel , though nesbitt et al . ( 2007 ) noted some pseudosuchians had ventral keels and the vertebrae shared no unique characters with those of theropods . they assigned them to archosauriformes indet . . references - heckert , lucas and sullivan , 2000 . triassic dinosaurs of new mexico . new mexico museum of natural history & science bulletin . 17 , 17 - 26 . nesbitt , irmis and parker , 2007 . a critical re - evaluation of the late triassic dinosaur taxa of north america . journal of systematic palaeontology . 5 ( 2 ) , 209 - 243 .
crurotarsi sereno and arcucci , 1990 definition - ( parasuchus hislopi + ornithosuchus longidens + prestosuchus chiniquensis + crocodylus niloticus ) ( modified from sereno , 1991 ) other definitions - ( belodon plieningeri + ornithosuchus longidens + crocodylus niloticus ) ( modified from kischlat , 2000 ) ( phytosaurus cylindricodon + ornithosuchus longidens + prestosuchus chiniquensis + crocodylus niloticus ) ( modified from benton , 2004 ) ( fully rotary , hemicylindrical , fibulocalcaneal crurotarsal articulation as in caiman crocodilus ) ( gauthier et al . , 2004 ) ( rutiodon carolinensis + crocodylus niloticus ) ( nesbitt , 2011 )
archosauria cope , 1869 definition - ( crocodylus niloticus + megalosaurus bucklandii ) ( modified from kischlat , 2000 ) other definitions - crown ( caiman crocodilus + compsognathus longipes + vultur gryphus ) ( gauthier et al . , 2004 ) ( crocodylus niloticus + passer domesticus ) ( sereno , 2004 ; modified from gauthier and padian , 1985 ) = hyperosauria jaekel , 1911 = proquadrata walker , 1977 = nidosuchia whetstone and whybrow , 1983 = neoarchosauria benton , 1985 = avesuchia benton , 1985 definition - ( crurotarsi + avemetatarsalia ) ( benton , 1985 ) references - gauthier , de queiroz , joyce , parham , rowe and clarke , 2004 . a phylogenetic nomenclature for the major clades of amniota haeckel 1866 , with emphasis on non - avian reptilia laurentus 1768 . first international phylogenetic nomenclature meeting , abstracts . 24 .
unnamed archosaur ( lapparent , claracq and nougarède , 1958 ) late triassic lower sandstone member of lower zarzaitine formation , algeria material - ( mnnhm coll . ) tooth ( 43x16x ? mm ) ( mnnhm coll . ) tooth ( 22x9x ? mm ) comments - these ware described by lapparent et al . ( 1958 ) as a teratosaurid theropod , and later ( 1960 ) as teratosaurus sp . . both are recurved and serrated on both carinae , typical of basal pseudosuchians like teratosaurus as well as basal theropods . they are of similar shape and from the same locality , but have no described diagnostic characters and may belong to different taxa . references - lapparent , claracq and nougarède , 1958 . nouvelles découvertes de vertébrés dans les séries continentales au nord d ' edjeleh ( sahara central ) [ new discoveries of vertebrates in the continental series north of edjeleh ( central sahara ) ] . comptes rendus de l ' académie des sciences à paris . 247 , 2399 - 2402 . lapparent , 1960 . les dinosauriens du
continental intercalaire
du sahara central . memoirs of the geological society of france . 88a , 1 - 57 .
archosauria indet . ( long and murray , 1995 ) late carnian , late triassic mesa redondo member of the chinle formation , arizona , us material - ( mna v3091 ; = v2777 in long and murray , 1995 ) dorsal centrum ( ucmp 138591 ) partial sacrum ( ucmp 177317 ) dorsal centrum ( ucmp 178047 ) incomplete sacrum ( ucmp 178048 ) incomplete sacrum ( ucmp 178049 ) incomplete sacrum comments - originally identified as ceratosauria indet . by long and murray ( 1995 ) , then made paratypes of camposaurus by hunt et al . ( 1998 ) , they were relegated to archosauria indet . by nesbitt et al . ( 2007 ) . they cannot be distinguished from shuvosaurids and other dinosauriforms . references - long and murry , 1995 . late triassic ( carnian and norian ) tetrapods from the southwestern unites states . new mexico museum nat . history sci . bull . 4 , 1 - 254 . hunt , lucas , heckert , sullivan and lockley , 1998 . late triassic dinosaurs from the western united states . geobios . 31 ( 4 ) , 511 - 531 . nesbitt , irmis and parker , 2007 . a critical re - evaluation of the late triassic dinosaur taxa of north america . journal of systematic palaeontology . 5 ( 2 ) , 209243 .
archosauria indet . ( heckert , lucas and sullivan , 2000 ) late carnian , late triassic santa rosa formation of the dockum group , new mexico , us material - ( nmmnh p - 13006 ) two fused sacral centra ( nmmnh p - 25749 ) pubis , fragmentary femur ( ? ) ( nmmnh p - 25750 ) metatarsals comments - heckert et al . ( 2000 ) considered these specimens to be theropod and probably coelophysoid , in part based on the hollow sacral centra . nesbitt et al . ( 2007 ) notes that the latter are found in shuvosaurids too , and that the pubis lacks an acetabular rim , so ma be from a more basal archosaur . they assign them to archosauria indet . . references - heckert , lucas and sullivan , 2000 . triassic dinosaurs of new mexico . new mexico museum of natural history & science bulletin . 17 , 1726 . nesbitt , irmis and parker , 2007 . a critical re - evaluation of the late triassic dinosaur taxa of north america . journal of systematic palaeontology . 5 ( 2 ) , 209243 .
archosauria indet . ( heckert , zeigler , lucas , rinehart and harris , 2000 ) norian , late triassic petrified forest member of chinle formation , new mexico material - ( nmmnh p - 29996 ) distal caudal vertebra ( nmmnh p - 33691 ) dorsal vertebra comments - heckert et al . ( 2000 ) assigned the dorsal vertebra to eucoelophysis sp . , but it is not identifiable past archosauria ( nesbitt et al . , 2007 ) . the distal caudal vertebra is indistinguishable from coelophysis and catalogued as theropoda , but is also not identifiable past archosauria ( nesbitt et al . , 2007 ) . references - heckert , zeigler , lucas , rinehart and harris , 2000 . preliminary description of coelophysoids ( dinosauria : theropoda ) from the upper triassic ( revueltian : early - mid norian ) snyder quarry , north - central new mexico . new mexico museum of natural history and science bulletin . 17 , 2732 . heckert , zeigler , lucas and rinehart , 2003 . coelophysids ( dinosauria : theropoda ) from the upper triassic ( revueltian ) snyder quarry . new mexico museum of natural history and science bulletin . 24 , 127132 . nesbitt , irmis and parker , 2007 . a critical re - evaluation of the late triassic dinosaur taxa of north america . journal of systematic palaeontology . 5 ( 2 ) , 209243 .


ernocornutia altonapoana is a species of moth of the tortricidae family .

it is found in napo province , ecuador .

the wingspan is 18 mm .

the ground colour of the forewings is cream , with a slight brownish admixture and brown dots and suffusions .

the markings are brown .

the hindwings are cream with grey strigulation ( fine streaks ) .

ernocornutia altonapoana

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notes on ernocornutia razowski , 1988 ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : euliini ) with descriptions of seven . . .
figures 15 – 17 in notes on ernocornutia razowski , 1988 ( lepidoptera : tortricidae : euliini ) with des . . .
the neotropical genus ernocornutia razowski is compared with pseudomeritastis obraztsov , 1966 , seticosta razowski , 1986 , ernocornutina razowski , 1988 , and eristparcula razowski & becker , 2001 . seven new species of ernocornutia from ecuador are described and illustrated : e . firna , sp . n . , e . paracatopta , sp . n . , e . chiribogana , sp . n . , e . termasiana , sp . n . , e . sangayan , sp . n . , e . pilaloana , . . . [ show full abstract ]
figures 15 – 17 . male genitalia of ernocornutia . 15 a , b , e . sangayana , sp . n . , holotype ; 16 a , b , e . pilaloana , sp . n . , holotype ; 17 a , b , e . pululahuana , sp . n . , holotype .
tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from the mountains of ecuador and remarks on their geographical distribution . part iv : eastern cordillera
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. . . orthocomotis appears to be most species rich in brazil and ecuador , but this may merely reflect the intensity of survey efforts in these countries . both countries are distinct in terms of physiography , especially ecuador , where speciation and endemism in the various ranges of the andes is very high ( e . g . , razowski & wojtusiak 2009 ) . the occurrence of subtle morphological differences between the species and the extent of variation of those characters within species have been little studied to date . . . .
. . . neste contexto , é preciso conhecer os principais problemas fitossanitários , como os insetos‑praga que podem comprometer o desenvolvimento e a produção . vários insetos podem causar danos aos araçazeiros , destacando‑se a mosca‑das‑frutas sul‑americana , anastrepha fraterculus ( wiedemann , 1830 ) ( diptera : tephritidae ) , que ataca os frutos e os insetos‑galhadores – tectococcus ovatus hempel , 1900 ( hemiptera : eriococcidae ) , dasineura gigantea angelo & maia , 1999 ( diptera : cecidomyiidae ) e elachypalpus psidii maia & nava , 2011 ( diptera : cecidomyiidae ) – , que causam danos às folhas ( wessels et al . , 2007 ; maia & nava , 2011 razowski & wojtusiak , 2009 ) , ilhas bermudas ( ferguson et al . , 1991 ) , chile ( vargas , 2012 ) e estados unidos ( peña et al . , 1999lagartas de s . smithiana foram coletadas em brotos de araçazeiro , na área experimental da embrapa clima temperado , em pelotas , rs ( 31°46 ' 19
s , 52°20 33
w ) . os brotos foram acondicionados em caixas gerbox ( 11 , 5 cm de comprimento × 11 , 5 cm de largura × 3 , 5 cm de altura ) , e as lagartas foram alimentadas até completarem o estágio . . . .
. . . it has been recorded from bermuda ( ferguson et al . 1991 ) , and it was introduced into hawaii for control of morella faya ( myricaceae ) ( zimmerman 1978 ) . recently it was recorded from the bolivar province , ecuador ( razowski & wojtusiak 2009 ) . thus , the new localities added here from the northern desert of chile greatly expand the known geographic distribution for s . smithiana in south america . . . .
tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from the mountains of ecuador . part 1 : southern highlands
tortricidae collected in mountains of the loja province , ecuador are listed . two genera and 33 new species are described : saphenista saragurae sp . n . , thalleulia ochreorufa sp . n . , apotomops rhampha sp . n . , netechma cajanumae sp . n . , netechma albitermen sp . n . , galomecalpa minutuncus sp . n . , inape toledana sp . n . , inape lojae sp . n . , cincorunia monstruncus sp . n . , transtillaspis saragurana sp . n . , . . . [ show full abstract ]
tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from the valley of rio gualaceo , east cordillera in ecuador , with descript . . .
razowski j . , wojtusiak j . 2006 . tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) in the valley of río guala - ceo , east cordillera in ecuador , with descriptions of new taxa . acta zoologica cra - coviensia , 49b ( 1 - 2 ) : 17 - 53 . abstract . tortricidae collected in rro gualaceo valley with special attention to their ele - vational distribution are listed . three genera and 34 species are described as new : henri - cus cerussatus . . . [ show full abstract ]
tortricidae ( lepidoptera ) from the mountains of ecuador and remar . . . : ingenta connect
acta zoologica cracoviensia for several years was published as two series : a–vertebrata , and b–invertebrata . from 2012 on it is continued under its former title– without separate series . the journal includes original contributions on systematics , phylogeny , biogeography , ecology and paleontology of terrestrial and fresh - water animals worldwide . all papers are subject to peer reviews . click here to see current issues of this journal .
ingenta . article copyright remains with the publisher , society or author ( s ) as specified within the article .
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