the shorthorn fangtooth ( anoplogaster brachycera ) is a species of fangtooth found in the tropical waters of the atlantic and pacific oceans at depths down to 1,500 metres ( 4,900 ft ) .

shorthorn fangtooth

8 . the shorthorn fangtooth , on the other hand , is half the size of the common fangtooth however , the shorthorn fangtooth is only known from a juvenile specimen .
( 7 ) the common fangtooth fish is comparatively larger and grows as long as 18 cm . the shorthorn fangtooth fish is about half the size of the common fangtooth fish .
( 6 ) the fang - like and disproportionately large teeth make the fish appear dreadful . there are two species of fangtooth fish – common fangtooth and shorthorn fangtooth . both are similar .
4 . there are two very similar species of fangtooths available . no other close relatives are known so far . the two know species are shorthorn fangtooth ( anoplogaster brachycera ) and common fangtooth ( anoplogaster cornuta ) .
fangtooth fishes ( anoplogaster cornuta , anoplogaster brachycera ) are a genus of deep sea beryciform fishes , classified as being in the family anoplogastridae ( unarmed stomach ) . the common names for the two currently recognized species are : the common fangtooth , and the shorthorn fangtooth .
there are two species of fangtooth . the shorthorn fangtooth reaches a mere 6 cm ( 2 . 4 in ) in length and is found in certain tropical parts of the atlantic and pacific oceans . the common fangtooth is indeed 18 cm ( 7 in ) at most and is found
( 16 ) fangtooth fishes catch even fishes that are larger than their size .
the mouth of the fangtooth fish is almost open permanently because of its large sized teeth .
( 5 ) fangtooth fish avoids sunlight and they go up to the surface only during night .
( 14 ) tuna , marlin and a few shark varieties are the predators of fangtooth fish .
( 18 ) unless dead or is about to die , fangtooth fish never comes up above 200meters .
( 8 ) in spite of their dreadful appearance , fangtooth fish is small and is harmless to humans .
( 10 ) the minute eyes of fangtooth fish is set high on its head and the head is compressed laterally .
. obviously it ' s good stuff for the fangtooth , since those small eyes are mostly useless in their dark habitat .
( 15 ) fangtooth fish finds its prey through the contact chemo - reception method . sometimes they fail to get the prey by this method . squid and fish are the usual foods of fangtooth fish . the contact chemo - reception method is locating a prey by detecting chemical signatures of other fish varieties in water . this is the only method for fangtooth fish to detect prey .
( 11 ) the fangtooth fish has scales in its skin which are shaped like plates . the fins are small and spineless .
7 . the common fangtooth is the larger of the two species and typically reaches the size of 7 . 1 inches or 18 centimeters .
an interesting thing about the fangtooth is that their adaptation to the deep sea is not nearly as extreme as it is in certain others .
( 9 ) the jaw of fangtooth fish is large and looks haggard . the jaw has numerous mucous cavities which are covered by thick skin .
while understandably named for their disproportionately large , fang - like teeth and unapproachable visage , fangtooths are actually quite small and harmless to humans : the larger of the two species , the common fangtooth , reaches a maximum length of just 16 centimetres ; the shortthorn fangtooth is about half this size .
if you heard
fangtooth
and thought you were about to see a single fang , prepare to be disappointed . this is more like fangface .
can match the kind of gruesome nastiness exhibited by the fangtooth . ok , so they can , but at least they hide it away afterwards . . .
. it just so happens that deep sea living has warped the fangtooth ' s face in such a way as to make them monstrous , evil and cool .
( 19 ) fangtooth fish eats anything that it finds in the sea . most of the time , it takes food from the upper levels of the ocean .
( 13 ) fangtooth fish is characteristic of its diel vertical migration . this migration involves moving up towards the surface during night taking food there and returning before the sunrise .
our deep seas and oceans are crawling with some of the most weirdest known creatures on earth . the fangtooth is one such creature . this sea - dwelling creature is actually a fish and its numbers are decreasing rapidly . let us find out 20 interesting fangtooth facts and learn why it is one of the strangest and weirdest creatures on this planet .
looking like it just swam out of a horror movie is the amazing fangtooth . known scientifically as anoplogaster cornuta , this menacing creature haunts the deep waters of many of the world ' s oceans . the fangtooth gets its name from its rather impressive looking teeth , which are actually the largest teeth of any fish in the ocean when taken in proportion to body size . because of its unusually grotesque appearance , the fangtooth has earned the nickname
ogrefish
. it is also referred to by some as the common sabretooth .
( 1 ) fangtooth fish is one among the deepest living species and they live in a depth range of 200 – 2000 meters . they go as deep as 5000 meters .
the fangtooth fish has the largest teeth among all fish varieties that live in sea when considered the size of its body . fangtooth fish lives in the deep waters of many oceans of the world . this is a small fish with maximum length of18 cm . the head and mouth of this fish are large and its head consists of numerous mucous cavities . the color of fangtooth fish varies from black to dark brown . the body of the fish is covered by scales that are small and prickly . the eyes of this fish are set high on the head and are small in size . the lateral line functions as a sense organ to detect movements and vibrations . its teeth make this fish species noticeable . larger fishes like tuna and marlin are its predators . fangtooth fish survives in oceans that are tropical and temperate . it is one among the deepest living fishes . the population of fangtooth fish is found rapidly decreasing .
( 3 ) fangtooth fishes lay eggs that hatch to tiny larvae . the juveniles feed by eating plankton after filtering them from water using the gill rakes . as they grow mature the gills disappear .
( 17 ) fangtooth fishes are slow growing and they do not guard the eggs . the eggs hatch to planktonic larvae . as soon as the larvae attain the length of 8cm they go to deeper waters .
squirrelfish have huge eyes because they ' re nocturnal and are colourful because . . . they like it ? when i compare them to the fangtooth i can ' t help but think of dr . jekyll and mr . hyde .
( 2 ) though pressure in deep sea is too high and the temperature is at freezing level , the fangtooth fish can survive there . in spite of vast differences in pressure and temperature , this fish can survive for months .
9 . the fangtooth have small eyes that are set relatively high on the head . the head has a strong lateral compression and the color varies from dark brown to black . the head is anteriorly deep but slender towards the tail .
the fangtooth is your classic , deep sea monster . you ' ve seen it in your dreams ! you ' ve seen it in your nightmares ! you continually drew them as a child so that your parents got worried and sent you to a child psychiatrist !
it won ' t be long before baby fangtooth must put aside childish things and trade those spikes for fangs which only barely fit into their grumpy mouth . it ' s always a sad day when you have to get rid of your cephalic spikes . ( ╯︵╰ , )
undoubtedly the most noticeable characteristic of this species is the teeth . they are so large that the fangs on the lower jaw actually slide into specially formed pockets in the roof of the mouth when the jaw is closed . these pockets extend into sockets on either side of the brain . these teeth become a formidable weapon as the fangtooth hunts squid other small fish . because its eyesight is not good , many researchers think the fangtooth hunts by a process known as chemoreception , where it essentially must bump into something edible as it searches the dark waters . it is believed that these fish migrate to upper layers of the ocean to feed during the night and then return to the murky depths during the day . if a fangtooth wanders too close to the surface , it risks becoming a meal for larger fish species such as marlin or tuna .
1 . fangtooth is a type of beryciform fish and belongs to the anoplogastridae family . beryciform fish are a type of fish that are not very well - understood . beryciform is the name given to the group of several families of fish . scientists have not yet properly understood these seven families .
the fangtooth is found throughout the world in temperate and tropical ocean regions including the waters off the coast of australia . it is one of the deepest living fish species yet discovered . these fish are commonly seen between 600 and 6 , 500 feet ( 200 - 2 , 000 meters ) , but have been observed as deep as 16 , 000 feet ( 5 , 000 meters ) . the pressure at these great depths is intense and the water temperature is near freezing . the fangtooth is more robust than other deep water species . researchers have been able to keep them alive for months in captivity in spite of the vast differences in temperature and pressure .
although the fangtooth may look like a true monster , it is actually a small fish , reaching a maximum length of only six inches ( 16 centimeters ) . it has a short , deep body and with a large head and mouth . the head contains numerous mucous cavities separated by serrated ridges . these cavities are covered over with thin skin . the body of this fish is covered with small , prickly scales , and its color varies from black to dark brown . it has very small eyes that are set high on the head . to compensate for relatively poor eyesight , the fangtooth has developed an unusually prominent lateral line which helps it to sense movement and vibration from the surrounding water .
20 . fangtooths are not egg guarders . they are known to have planktonic larvae . scientists are not very sure about spawning time and frequency but believe that some activity takes place between june and august . in case of common fangtooth , juveniles start descending to deeper waters once they reach the size of 8 centimeters of 3 inches . based on the study of other deep - water fish , scientists assume that fangtooths are slow - growing .
fangtooth reproduce by laying eggs that hatch to reveal tiny plankton - sized larvae . their spawning frequency is not well known , although it has been observed between june and august . as the larvae eventually grow into the juvenile stage , they look completely different from the adults . they are light gray in color with long spines on their heads . they also have larger eyes and slightly smaller teeth . this difference in appearance initially caused scientists to assume that it was a different species entirely . unlike the adults , the juveniles feed by filtering plankton from the water using specially formed gill rakes . these gill rakes disappear as they reach maturity . the juveniles begin to resemble the adults when they reach a size of about three inches . at this time they begin to descend down to deeper waters . scientists still do not know how long they live .
greek , ana = up + greek , oplon = shield + greek , gaster = stomach ( ref . 45335 )
from the main characters of the young specimens which have short temporal and pre - opercular spines .
marine ; bathypelagic ; depth range 0 - 1500 m ( ref . 31253 ) . deep - water
pacific and atlantic : tropical waters , from the sulu sea in the western pacific and from the gulf of mexico to north of the bahamas islands in the western atlantic ( ref . 50735 ) ; off southeastern usa ( moore , pers . comm . ) .
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 6 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 31253 )
paxton , j . r . , 1999 . order beryciformes . anoplogastridae . fangtooths . p . 2210 . in k . e . carpenter and v . h . niem ( eds . ) fao species identification guide for fishery purposes . the living marine resources of the wcp . vol . 4 . bony fishes part 2 ( mugilidae to carangidae ) . fao , rome . ( ref . 9852 )
) : 7 . 2 - 18 . 9 , mean 11 . 1 ( based on 563 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 1 . 0000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01995 ( 0 . 00906 - 0 . 04395 ) , b = 3 . 01 ( 2 . 83 - 3 . 19 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 3 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 10 of 100 ) .
2 . beryciform fish do not like bright light and come close to the surface only during night . fangtooths are also known for avoiding bright light .
3 . fangtooths are usually found in cold - temperate waters and tropical waters .
5 . fangtooths have a very dreadful appearance . they have fang - like and disproportionately large teeth .
6 . despite the fact that their teeth give them a very frightening look and make them look unapproachable , they are very harmless to humans and are quite small in size .
10 . compared to the head , the jaw is large , full of mucous cavities that are outlined by serrated edges with a think skin covering . the jaw appears haggard .
11 . fangtooths have scales embedded right in their skin , taking the form of thin plates and they have spineless , simple and small fins .
12 . fangtooths have two long fangs on lower jaw . these two fangs are so long that opposing sockets have developed on either side of their brains so that the teeth can be accommodated when the jaws close .
13 . juveniles are different from adults in their physical appearance . their preoperculum and head have long spines . they also have slender and long gill rakers , functional gall bladders and their teeth are depressible and much smaller .
14 . juvenile fangtooths have are light gray in color . because of the unusual physical appearance of the juveniles , they were once classified as different species by the scientists .
15 . fangtooths live in deep sea . they are often found at the depth of 16 , 400 ft or 5 , 000 meters . they are however most commonly found between the depths of 200 and 2 , 000 meters or ( 660 and 6 , 560 feet ) .
16 . fangtooths use diel vertical migration as shown by deep - sea fish . diel vertical migration is nothing but a type of movement in which deep - sea fish move up to upper layers of ocean during night and feed and by daybreak , they return back to the gloomy depths .
17 . fangtooths often depend on contact chemoreception for finding prey . it is just a matter of luck whether or not they bump into something edible . they usually target squid and fish . juveniles filter zooplankton from water .
18 . fangtooths do not mind targeting preys bigger than their own size by taking advantage of lean waters .
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picture of anoplogaster brachycera has been licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial . original source : fishbase permission : some rights reserved
then you grew up and realised that the monsters of your youth were only 18 cm ( 7 in ) long and there are far worse things to be terrified of , like life , the future and humanity .
, usually at depths between 500 and 2 , 000 metres ( 1 , 600 to 6 , 600 ft ) but sometimes as far down as 5 , 000 metres ( 16 , 400 feet ) .
the two species are both in the same genus , and it ' s the only genus in the family . they ' re quite isolated like that , as if they smiled at their relatives and the predominant response was heart attacks and death . it ' s a sad story , full of pathos , but the
the incarnation of the evil side of a primordial fish psyche . and in any case , it ' s quite clear that the squirrelfish ' s massive eyes hold within them a spark of barely concealed malignity , much like
there are of course those magnificent teeth which are best for spearing soft - bodied creatures like fish and squid . they ' re so long that the mouth can ' t quite close fully , and the only reason it can close to any extent at all is because the roof of the mouth has a
for the lower fangs to slide into . the alternative was to stab themselves in the brain , and that ' s far from ideal .
along the sides of their body is a huge , open lateral line for sensing movement in the water . most fish have a lateral line , but they ' re usually
less obvious are the mucus - filled cavities in its head , separated by serrated ridges . what on earth is that for ? it ' s as if deep sea fish are in a competition to be as utterly disgusting as possible and
big teeth
got old fast . everyone ' s got big teeth ! but who ' s got caverns of mucus all over their face ? well , yeah . . . adolescents , but not even
they still have scales , albeit thin and embedded in the skin . they still have a swim bladder , which is something frequently lost in the deep sea due to the massive pressure down there . they have no bioluminescence for luring prey , but they have strong muscles such that they seem to be much more active and aggressive than the customary lassitude of the deep .
they ' re bounding with energy and horrific , skewering bites ! it ' s assumed they just munch on anything they bump into , even things so big they can scarcely breathe as they attempt to swallow them . when this happens , they use their fins to wave water onto their gills from behind and breathe that way .
it ' s as they say : when you have a hammer , every problem looks like a nail . only this time the hammer has teeth on it .
for their mouth and sort of getting used to it . that guy is probably
, too . or one may at least put forth a charitable assumption to that effect .
all this probably goes a long way in explaining why they do remarkably well when they ' re dredged up from the deep and put into an aquarium . they don ' t survive for long , but they do a lot better than the likes of the
who ' s head basically explodes on the way up . and that ' s far from ideal .
have been seen . they ' re so different from the adults that they were once thought to be a different species ! they look marvellously grumpy , with strange spikes sticking out of their head as if to compensate for their small teeth . their gills are different , too , and they eat tiny crustaceans at slightly lesser depths than the adults usually occupy .
i mean , that is a nickname for the payara . it deserves its own entry .
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the two species of fangtooths possess a circumglobal distribution , and are found mostly in tropical and cold - temperate waters . the genus that contains the two species is the only one in the family , and there are no known close relatives .
the fangtooths are named thusly , obviously , owing to their huge fang - like teeth — and overall strange appearance . that said , though , the species are more or less harmless as far as threats to humans go . they don’t really get any larger than 7 - inches long , and mostly just eat small fishes .
fangtooths actually possess the largest teeth ( proportionate to body size ) of any extant fish species in the world . they are so big that the species is apparently not ever able to completely close their mouth . to aid in the closing of their mouths , though , there are recessed pockets in the upper part of the mouth , on either side of brain — which apparently helps some , but not enough to allow for full closure .
the fangtooths , as alluded to before , are amongst the deepest - living fish currently in existence — and are regularly found at depths of over 6000 feet below the water’s surface , and sometimes as deep as 16000 + feet below the surface . older individuals apparently tend to often be found at greater depths than juveniles .
on the subject of juveniles — they are quite interesting looking . to put it politely . ahem .
the head is small with a large jaw and appears haggard , riddled with mucous cavities delineated by serrated edges and covered by a thin skin . as compensation for reduced eyes , the lateral line is well - developed and appears as an open groove along the flanks .
they may undergo diel migrations as is common with many deep - sea fish : by day these fish remain in the gloomy depths and towards evening they rise to the upper layers of the water column to feed by starlight , returning to deep water by daybreak . fangtooths may form small schools or go alone . they are thought to use contact chemoreception to find prey , relying on luck to bump into something edible .
despite their fearsome appearance , fangtooths are thought to be regularly preyed upon by other well - known deep - sea fish — larger , faster ones though — such as tuna , marlin , sharks , etc .
interestingly , in contrast to most other nearly exclusively deep sea fish , fangtooths can actually survive being brought to the surface ( in contrast to fish that distort , and “explode” , such as blobfish ) . “they have been kept alive for months in aquariums despite conditions which are significantly different from their usual deep - sea habitat . ”
fangtooths have planktonic larvae and are assumed to not be egg guarders ; spawning frequency and time are not certain , but some activity has been reported from june–august . the juveniles of common fangtooths begin to assume adult form from about 8 cm ( 3 in ) in length , at which time they begin to descend into deeper water . onset of maturity is not known , but common fangtooths are known to be mature at 16 cm ( 6 . 3 in ) . they are probably slow - growing , as are most deep - sea fish .
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paxton , john r . / carpenter , kent e . , and volker h . niem , eds .
fao species identification guide for fishery purposes : the living marine resources of the western central pacific , vol . 4 : bony fishes , part 2 ( mugilidae to carangidae )
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
( 4 ) the juveniles are completely different from the adults in appearance . by the time they reach the size of 3 inches they look similar to the adults .
( 12 ) on the lower jaw of this fish there are two long fangs . when the jaws are closed these long fangs go into the sockets on either side of the brain .
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museum : sulu sea , zmmgu p - 15945 ( holotype of a . brachycera ( ref . 31253 ) .
robins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea and w . b . scott , 1991
max length : 6 . 0 cm sl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 31253 )
marine ; bathypelagic ; depth range 0 - 1500 m ( ref . 31253 )
pd 50 = 1 . 0000 many relatives ( e . g . carps ) 0 . 5 - 2 . 0 few relatives ( e . g . lungfishes )
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .


the chestnut-sided warbler ( setophaga pensylvanica ) is a new world warbler .

they breed in eastern north america and in southern canada westwards to the canadian prairies .

they also breed in the great lakes region and in the eastern united states .

chestnut - sided warbler

the willow - warbler , phylloscopus trochilus . ( see also grasshopper - warbler , hermit - warbler , palm - warbler , prairie - warbler , reed - warbler , rock - warbler , sedge - warbler , swamp - warbler , tailor - warbler , tree - warbler , willow - warbler , wood - warbler . )
breeding male chestnut - sided warbler , tompkins co . , ny , may .
sound from xeno - canto . xc17088 dendroica pensylvanica ( chestnut - sided warbler )
sound from xeno - canto . xc31034 dendroica pensylvanica ( chestnut - sided warbler )
sound from xeno - canto . xc31035 dendroica pensylvanica ( chestnut - sided warbler )
“chestnut - sided warbler . ” birds of dc . smithsonian institute , 2015 ,
“chestnut - sided warbler . ” odnr division of wildlife . ohio department of natural
evolution of two song traditions in the chestnut‐sided warbler . ” the american naturalist ,
visit the bent life history for extensive additional information on the chestnut - sided warbler .
index / birds / chestnut - sided - warbler . accessed 21 sept . 2016 .
“chestnut - sided warbler . ” the cornelllab of ornithology : all about birds . cornell
“chestnut - sided warbler . ” bird conservation : western great lakes basin . great lakes bird
the oldest known chestnut - sided warbler in the wild was 6 years , 11 months old .
“chestnut - sided warbler dendroica pensylvanica . ” vol . 97 no . 1 , patuxent bird identification
kaufman , kenn . “chestnut - sided warbler . ” audubon : guide to north american birds .
toochin , rick , and don cecile . “the status and occurrence of the chestnut - sided warbler
listen to the songs of the yellow warbler , chestnut - sided warbler and yellow - throated warbler , three species in the wood warbler family , that commonly sing in ohio in spring .
flight : chestnut - sided warbler has rapid and agile flight , for chasing insects in short flights .
platt , charles . “chestnut - sided warbler breeding in montgomery county , pa . ” the auk ,
“chestnut - sided warbler habitat model . ” u . s . fish & wildlife service . department of the
breitsch , john . chestnut - sided warbler – last chance , co ( 111 ) 2013 . photograph .
maizlish , aaron . chestnut - sided warbler , 1st winter . 2014 . photograph . golden gate park ,
gooch , laura . bi120507 _ 045 - chestnut - sided warbler . 2012 . photograph . flickr . web .
peck , mark . chestnut - sided warbler . 2013 . photograph . ontario . flickr . web . attribution ,
chestnut - sided warblers are often quite tame , and allow a close approach .
byers , bruce e . “extrapair paternity in chestnut - sided warblers is correlated with
recent dna - based studies found that chestnut - sided warblers are closely related to yellow warblers and may explain why chestnut - sided warblers regularly sing songs nearly identical to those of the yellow warbler .
the chestnut - sided warbler eats potentially harmful insects . this may benefit farmers as a natural way to control insect populations .
ficken , millicent s . , and ficken robert w . “comparative ethology of the chestnut - sided
sawyer , dorothy . “nesting of chestnut - sided warbler . ” the auk , vol . 64 no . 1 , 1947 , pp . 136
sided _ warbler - rt - dc - b . pdf . accessed 21 sept . 2016 .
chestnut - sided warblers forage actively in shrubs and small trees , gleaning prey from leaves and twigs .
byers , bruce e . and david i . king . “singing by female chestnut - sided warblers . ” the
a common bird of second growth and scrubby forests , the chestnut - sided warbler is distinctive in appearance . no other warbler combines a greenish - yellow cap , a white breast , and reddish streaks down the sides .
the bay - breasted warbler has chestnut on its sides but also on the head and chest in breeding plumage . during the non - breeding season the plumage is more dingy , lacking the contrast between the bright yellow - green upperparts and white underparts of the chestnut - sided warbler .
the chestnut - sided warbler’s nest is a cup of bark strips , grasses , and roots lined with finer materials . it is placed in a dense shrub or vine tangle .
warbler , yellow warbler , and american redstart . ” the wilson bulletin , vol . 77 no . 4 ,
the oldest recorded chestnut - sided warbler was at least 6 years , 11 months old when it was found in rhode island in 1980 . it had been banded in the same state in 1973 .
before the 1800s , the chestnut - sided warbler was not well known . because of its highly specialized habitat and foraging techniques , it was believed to be limited to former natural disaster areas such as sites of forest fires . with the clearing of primeval forests and the subsequent growth of shrubby habitats , the chestnut - sided warbler is one of the most abundant breeding warblers in second growth deciduous woodlands .
during the breeding season the chestnut - sided warbler is strongly territorial , with a monogamous mating system , although male bigamy has been noted . pairs raise at least one brood per year , with some renesting .
reproduction throughout study area . the breeding range of chestnut - sided warblers is eastern north america , from southern canada southward through the appalachian mountains to upper elevations in northern georgia ( richardson and brauning 1995 ) . chestnut - sided warblers winter in central america ( degraaf and rudis 1986 ) .
studies have been done on the effect of pesticides on the chestnut - sided warbler . they show that the birds still forage in treated areas , but return in fewer numbers in following years . it has been suggested that because the chestnut - sided warbler forages on the undersides of leaves , it may be less affected than other species in treated areas . it has been reported that a large number of chestnut - sided warblers are killed in collisions with stationary objects . many are found dead at the base of tv towers , smokestacks , and large buildings during migration .
the chestnut - sided warbler is predominately insectivorous , but will eat some fruit . each bird forages alone . it searches on the underside of leaves for insects . it hops from branch to branch with its tail cocked .
one of north america ' s most striking passerines , the breeding male chestnut - sided warbler is virtually unmistakable . note the bright yellow crown , black and white face , and extensive chestnut coloration stretching from the upper breast sides down to the flanks . , jul 21 , 2009 ; photographer gerrit vyn
habitat : chestnut - sided warbler breeds in bushy undergrowth , thickets and areas of small trees , especially favouring woodland edges , second grows , cleared deciduous woodland and abandoned fields or pastures . it winters in moist tropical forest .
on the wintering grounds in central america the chestnut - sided warbler joins in mixed - species foraging flocks with the resident antwrens and tropical warblers . an individual warbler will return to the same area in subsequent years , joining back up with the same foraging flock it associated with the year before .
diet : chestnut - sided warbler feeds primarily on insects , a lot of small flies and larvae of butterflies and moths . it may also eat other small invertebrates like spiders . in winter , they eat some fruit and seeds .
the pine - creeper of catesby , 1771 ; the pine - creeping warbler , dendrœca pinus or vigorsi . see cut under pine - warbler .
during the non - breeding season in central america , the chestnut - sided warbler joins mixed - species flocks with other migrant and resident birds . it will often return to the same area and join the same flock in subsequent years .
range : chestnut - sided warbler breeds from central saskatchewan , eastward to nova scotia , southward to n minnesota , s pennsylvania , and s in appalachians to n georgia . it winters in central america , from s mexico to panama .
in non - breeding plumage , chestnut - sided warblers can be identified by their plain white underparts , greenish yellow upperparts , bold white wingbars , and white eye ring . in the summer , breeding plumage , chestnut - sided warblers have a yellowish forehead , black eye - stripe , plain white underparts , and a chestnut streak along its sides . the chestnut streak is longer and brighter in males and older birds . it may be missing completly in immature females and first year males .
protection / threats / status : chestnut - sided warbler declines with increased expansion of agriculture , urbanization and loss of suitable habitat as forest . pesticides , cowbird parasitism , frequent collisions with tv towers and buildings , are the other threats known .
the chestnut - sided warbler sings two song types : one is accented at the end , the other is not . the first is used before the arrival of the females and in the early nesting cycle . the second is used while raising young .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto chestnut - sided warbler’s usual call is a sharp “chip” , slightly softer than the call of yellow warbler . the song is loud , clear , somewhat variable whistling , sometimes rendered “pleased - pleased - pleased - to - meetcha” , usually accented at the end . young birds learn song from adults .
old john taylor , daddy to yonder warbler , drifted here from the east .
byers , bruce e . “song types , repertoires and song variability in a population of chestnut
behaviour : chestnut - sided warbler feeds in low shrubbery and small trees , hopping through foliage and chasing insects in short flights . it often cocks the tail . it also gleans insects from the underside of leaves . occasionally , it forages with other species , but generally , it forages alone . chestnut - sided warbler is highly territorial during the breeding season . before females arrive , male establishes territory by continuous singing and aggression . first , when females arrive , it acts very aggressively . after copulation , it follows and guards the female . it migrates with other flocks at night .
one of the few warblers with chestnut coloration , chestnut - sided warbler is an eastern species so monday ' s birders were happy to see and hear a singing male at rose pond . this is a species that prefers second growth mixed woodlands but during migration it is found where the food is . as in most springs , the food at chico for warblers is found in peachleaf willows whose blooms attract a variety of insects . chestnut - sided warbler is one of the species where females don ' t look anything like the males , the females having a lime green back . sadly , migration is coming to a close but each day in may seemed to provide one interesting migrant .
you are surprised to hear me , the jester , the court warbler , speak thus .
. chestnut - sided warblers are predominantly insectivorous , gleaning the twigs and the undersides of leaves for flies and caterpillars ; they also take spiders and some fruit and seeds ( richardson and brauning 1995 ) .
byers , bruce e . , michael richardson and daniel w . brauning . 2013 . chestnut - sided warbler ( setophaga pensylvanica ) , version 2 . 0 . in the birds of north america ( p . g . rodewald , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , new york , usa .
, many of which are noted songsters . the bluethroat , blackcap , reed warbler ( see under
the black - and - yellow warbler , dendrœca maculosa . see spotted ( with cut ) .
model testing : the chestnut - sided warbler occurrences from the breeding bird survey ( 1997 , 1998 data ) were used to test the habitat map . we compared the presence of habitat near a random set of 797 upland points to that at which sparrows actually were observed . of the 369 sites with birds , 342 had mapped habitat , while 644 sites out of the 797 randomly distributed sites had habitat . the chi - square was highly significant , indicating that the overall model does indicate localities useful to chestnut - sided warblers .
chestnut - sided warblers breed in southern canada , the northeastern u . s . , the great lakes region , and the appalachians . they winter from mexico to central america . the population has declined in recent decades .
chestnut - sided warbler populations declined by about 44 % between 1966 and 2015 , according to the north american breeding bird survey . partners in flight estimates a global breeding population of 19 million with 30 % breeding and migrating through the u . s . , 70 % in canada , and 9 % wintering in mexico . it is a u . s . - canada stewardship species , and rates a 12 out of 20 on the continental concern score . chestnut - sided warbler is not on the 2016 state of north america ' s birds ' watch list . numbers have declined in part due to loss of habitat . back to top
during the breeding season ( spring - summer ) , the chestnut - sided warbled can be found in northern hardwood and mixed forests of southern canada and north - eastern united states . it spends the winter in central america .
mortality data associated with studies at communications towers and tall smokestacks show that chestnut - sided warblers seem more likely than other species to have fatal collisions ( weir 1989 , graber et al . 1983 , and johnston and haines 1957
chestnut - sided warbler singing
see see see ms beecher
or (
please pleased pleased to meecha
depending on your ear ) at 6 thousand feet in the great smokey mountains in classic brush and scrub tree habitat . like most warblers these are very difficult bird to capture on video - always on the move .
although this bird is called the kentucky warbler , we must not think he visits that state alone .
and behind them , and very near , a rival to the warbler in the meadow began singing .
fall warbler migration walk : oct 4 at 6 pm lcei , 10 moffat drive , covington twp .
bay - breasted warbler bay - breasted warblers lack the pale face , and have white wing bars .
listen to and compare yellow warbler songs from ohio , maine and mexico , baja california and sonora .
the chestnut - sided warblers in the images in this post were spotted foraging in the east gardens at jamaica bay this spring . they were confiding and cooperative and i had a great time taking shot after shot of them . enjoy !
but mr . warbler , despite the reverses which he had evidently suffered , stood proudly and gracefully erect .
richardson , m . and d . w . brauning . 1995 . chestnut - sided warbler , dendroica pensylvanica . in a . poole and f . gill , ( eds . ) the birds of north america , no . 190 . the academy of natural sciences , philadelphia , and the american ornithologists ' union , washington , d . c .
richardson , m . and d . w . brauning . 1995 . chestnut - sided warbler ( dendroica pensylvanica ) , the birds of north america , no . 165 ( a . poole and f . gill , eds . ) . the academy of natural sciences , philadelphia , pa , and the american ornithologists ' union , washington , d . c .
richardson , m . , and d . w . brauning . 1995 . chestnut - sided warbler ( dendroica pensylvania ) . in the birds of north america , no . 190 ( a . poole and f . gill , eds . ) . the academy of natural sciences , philadelphia , and the american ornithologists ' union , washington , d . c .
as if this little
gleek
has not brought us enough joy already…the mini warbler has a new video .
when i was 12 years old and struggling to learn the warblers , wilson ' s warbler made me smile .
chestnut - sided warbler : breeds from south - central alberta east to nova scotia , south to east - central u . s . from new england to the great lakes region , and in the appalachian mountains . spends winters in the tropics from southern mexico and the west indies south . preferred habitats include young , open , second - growth woodlands and scrub .
status in tennessee : the chestnut - sided warbler is a fairly common migrant across the state . in the mountains of east tennessee it is a fairly common breeder . during spring migration , it is present from late april to mid - may , and during the fall from late august through mid - october . breeding numbers in the state appear to be declining .
curson , j . ( 2018 ) . chestnut - sided warbler ( setophaga pensylvanica ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the pine - creeper of edwards , and not of cates - by ; the blue - winged yellow warbler , helminthophaga pinus .
and one day the worm - eating warbler spoke to grandfather mole when he happened to see him come out of a hole .
no other warbler has the combination of a greenish - yellow cap , a white breast , and reddish streaks down the sides .
the chestnut - sided warbler is believed to be monogamous . it is highly territorial during the breeding season . it is a nocturnal migrant . during migration , it may join other flocks and occasionally forage with them . males produce two song classes . the first is used before the arrival of the females and in the early nesting cycle . the second is used while raising young . young birds learn songs from adults .
description : chestnut - sided warbler in winter plumage is unstreaked lime green on crown and upperparts ( adult male may show weak dark streaks on crown and mantle ) , contrasting with greyish - white ear - coverts and entire underparts , and with blackish wings , the latter with two bold yellowish - white bars . a white eye ring may be noticeable . dark tail shows whitish patches , and bill and legs are blackish .
stephenson , t . and s . whittle ( 2013 ) . the warbler guide . princeton university press , new jersey , usa .
there , this warbler heard our soon - to - be - ex - governor janet napolitano on the talk show here and now .
this species tends to show a high level of neophobia , a fear of something new or unfamiliar ( greenburg 447 ) . as a result , these birds tend to be more timid and cautious when approaching prey in a novel environment , a trait that makes the chestnut - sided warbler unique ( greenburg 447 ) . often when they encounter new prey species , they will hesitate too much , allowing their prey to escape ( greenburg 450 ) .
nests are constructed of bark , of weed stems , of grass , of plants , of hair , and of a surrounding layer of milkweed , resulting in a structure that is normally found in close proximity to the ground ( the cornelllab ; platt 613 ) . the average height of a chestnut - sided warbler’s nest is 2 feet off the ground , but nests can be built up to 6 . 5 feet high ( platt 613 ; inaturalist ) .
sided warblers . ” the condor , vol . 97 no . 2 , 1995 , pp . 390 - 401 , doi : 10 . 2307 / 1369025 .
in leafy second - growth woods , clearings , and thickets , this warbler is often common , hopping about in the saplings with its tail cocked up at a jaunty angle . it is apparently much more numerous today than it was historically : john james audubon , roaming eastern north america in the early 1800s , saw this bird only once . the cutting of forests evidently has created more brushy habitat for chestnut - sided warblers , even as it has made other birds less common .
the chestnut - sided warbler sings two basic song types : one is accented at the end ( the pleased - to - meetcha song ) , and the other is not . the accented songs are used primarily to attract a female and decrease in frequency once nesting is well under way . the unaccented songs are used mostly in territory defense and aggressive encounters with other males . some males sing only unaccented songs , and they are less successful at securing mates than males that sing both songs .
is bright yellow and moustache stripe is black . often cocks its tail high above its back as it feeds . the only north american warbler with pure white
description : in breeding plumage , the chestnut - sided warbler has a yellow forehead , white underparts with a chestnut streak along the sides , a black line through the eye , a black mustache - strip , 2 broad yellowish wing - bars , and the back is striped yellow and black . the female has a similar pattern but is duller with a greener back , paler face , and less extensive chestnut on the sides . the plumage changes dramatically during the fall and winter ( august - march ) . during the non - breeding season the underparts are plain white , the upperparts are greenish yellow , and both sexes have an obvious white eye - ring . its habitat of frequently cocking its tail , like a wren or gnatcatcher , is a good identification aid . length : 5
wingspan : 7 . 75
weight : 0 . 34 oz
warblers are difficult to videotape because they move around so much . this portrait of a male chestnut - sided warbler was not easy to pull off . i visited his territory on three different occasions and spent a lot of time praying he would sit still long enough for me to get some footage . more often than not , he would fly the moment i got him in focus . but my hard work paid off and i ' m pretty happy with the results . how about you ? © 2010 lang elliott urltoken
chestnut - sided warblers have a thin , pointed bill , black legs and a square tail ( vol . 97 no . 1 ; odnr ) . each wing is between 5 . 7 and 6 . 8 cm long , the bill is between 0 . 9 and 1 . 0 cm long , and the tail is between 4 . 2 and 5 . 8 cm long ( inaturalist ) . these wing characteristics allow for the ability to control flight by using more or less surface area depending on the conditions ( poole 512 ) . these birds have a very distinct appearance and although they are not the largest species around , chestnut - sided warblers are easy to spot , even for the most inexperienced outdoors - person .
gorgeous ! did you hear about our palm warbler in utah ? ! i just posted about it . please continue sending a nice sampling of all your eastern warblers !
common but irregular migrant , found in deciduous forests , from late april to late may and mid - august to early october . the male has more chestnut on the side than the female .
summer plumage is totally different , with heavily streaked upperparts , yellowish crown , blackish crown sides and malar stripe , rich chestnut flanks ( most extensive in males ) , and whitish remainder of underparts and sides of head . sexes are similar , but female is duller in breeding plumage . in winter , female lacks chestnut on the sides . immature resembles fall adult , with fine streaks on back and lime green above .
the black - and - yellow warbler , dendrœca maculosa , which has yellow npper tail - coverts like the preceding , but is otherwise quite different . also called yellow - rumped flycatcher . see cut under spotted .
the wood - warblers occur throughout north america except for the far northern tundra . the many species of this family have evolved to fill a wide variety of niches including marshes ( yellowthroats ) to tree trunks ( the black - and - white warbler ) , and spruce forests ( the cape may warbler ) . several species can reside in the same area , yet avoid competition by occupying slightly different habitats or feeding in different ways .
once mid - september arrives , migration to mexico and to south america begins ( inaturalist ; birds of dc ) . chestnut - sided warblers often join the same flock and return to the same spot year after year , and they usually make the journey by traveling in the darkness of night ( the cornelllab ; kaufman ) . migration can take this species as far south as panama with tropical rainforests being the most desired habitats to occupy until their return in may ( fergus ; inaturalist ) .
5
( 13 cm ) . sexes similar : yellow - green crown ; long chestnut line on sides ; white underparts ; streaked back . immatures uniform yellow - green above , dull whitish below , with white eye ring and yellow wing bars .
distinctive in breeding and winter plumage , this warbler is a specialized forager , eating mainly insects , with some fruit on its wintering grounds . highly mobile , it searches the undersides of leaves , often moving with its tail cocked .
in terms of food , this species is insectivorous , although chestnut - sided warblers will occasionally also scavenge seeds and fruits ( bird conservation ) . they are very active birds who hop from branch to branch in search of food often stopping to search the surrounding twigs and leaves for insects ( odnr ; kaufman ) . preferred prey include flies , caterpillars , grasshoppers , beetles , and spiders ( kaufman ) . occasionally , these birds pursue and capture their prey in midair ( their remarkable agility in flight makes this task possible ) ( fergus ) .
—nightingale , redbreast , stonechat , wheatear , whitethroat , & c . ; , also the reed - warbler , & c . ; : in bagpipe music an ornamental group of grace - notes , introduced to glide from one passage to the other
the chestnut - sided warbler is believed to be monogamous . they can reproduce in their first year . after returning from winter migration and before the females arrive , males establish territory by continuous singing and aggression . once females arrive , males act very aggressively at first . after copulation , the male follows the female , apparently guarding her . a female constructs a nest entirely on her own in deciduous trees or shrubs . she also incubates the eggs alone . eggs are laid mid - may to mid - july . on average , there are about four eggs per brood and only one brood is reared per season . both parents care for the young . at first they feed the young by regurgitation , then as the young become older they are fed small insects . both parents help in removing waste from the nest .
these birds are most commonly found near clear - cuts , near power lines , in second - growth forests , in abandoned orchards , in pastures , in croplands , by the edge of woodland areas , or by brook sides ( u . s . fish ) . areas dedicated to regeneration are some of the most preferred by this species ( bird conservation ) . chestnut - sided warblers have a tendency to avoid areas in which human traffic is high , so they are not often seen near built - up areas or in heavily used agricultural lands ( u . s . fish ) .
reproduction : chestnut - sided warbler’s nest is built by the female alone , in deciduous tree or shrub . it is a loosely woven cup made with a variety of plant parts , like bark stripes , weed stems , grasses , plant down , sedges and rootlets . female lays 4 white eggs , spotted with brown . incubation lasts about 11 to 12 days , by female too . both parents care for the young . they are fed by regurgitation , and when the young become older , they are fed with some insects . young are altricial . they grow rapidly in the first week , and are able to fly at about 9 days . they fledge at 10 / 11 days , and move to low open thickets where parents feed them , until they are one month old . this species produces only one brood per season . they can reproduce in their first year .
right now great flocks of wood - warblers are making their way north from the southern united states , mexico , the caribbean , central and south america to breed across the united states and canada . many other non - migratory wood - warbler species are living their lives across the neotropics , doing their best to survive and pass on their genes . wood - warbler week is a celebration of all wood - warblers and we hope you join us in celebrating these absolutely wonderful birds . read about them here but also get out and experience them . you won’t regret it !
the kirtland’s warbler is an endangered species restricted to a very specific type of habitat mostly found in michigan ; jack pine forests . its habitat is managed for this species in a few national forests by ensuring that there are jack pine stands of the age and composition this species requires . brown - headed cowbird populations are also controlled on its breeding grounds .
members of the parulidae are not colonial nesters but often occur in mixed flocks with other species after the breeding season . they forage in a variety of ways for invertebrates , small fruits , and nectar . while the waterthrushes forage on the ground in streams and wetlands , and the black - and - white warbler creeps along tree trunks , most wood - warblers glean the vegetation of trees and bushes and make short sallies for their insect prey .
the wood - warblers are known for their colorful plumages – the blackburnian warbler being one of the most striking members of this family with its deep orange - red throat that contrasts with its handsome black and white plumage . however while many species are known for their beautiful breeding plumage colors , they are also known to bird watchers as being extremely challenging to identify when in the fall they revert to their drab tan , olive , and pale colored plumages .
the bachman’s warbler is an enigmatic species considered to be extinct by most authorities although slim hopes for its continued existence are kept alive by a few possible sightings over the last thirty years . historically occurring in the southeastern united states , this little known species is thought to have been dependent upon canebrakes on its breeding and wintering grounds in cuba . although the reasons for its decline are unknown , destruction of these canebrakes is the most likely reason for its demise .
nice pics of one of my favourite warblers ( yes , my favourite warbler is always the one i am looking at at the moment of being asked… ) . however , you failed ( as was to be expected ) – failed in mentioning what i think is its most remarkable colouration : its neon - yellow back that’s half transparent and thus really looks as if the bird has had a close encounter with a text marker . too bad , corey , too bad . but nice pics anyway… 😉 🙂
this week , 8 may – 14 may 2011 , is wood - warbler week on 10 , 000 birds ! though wood - warblers , the mostly brightly colored birds of the family parulidae , are only found in the new world we felt that birders the world over would be pleased to see a plethora of posts about these striking and sought after species . we are devoting a whole week to wood - warblers but are only just barely scratching the surface of possible topics involving this amazing family of birds .
nest an open cup woven of bark strips , weed stems , grasses , and plant down . lined with fine grasses , hair or rootlets . placed in small crotch of shrub or within a group of thin vertical stems , less than 2 m ( 6 . 5 ft ) from ground .
dunn , j . l . and k . l . garrett . 1997 . a field guide to the warblers of north america . boston , ma : houghton mifflin co .
lutmerding , j . a . and a . s . love . longevity records of north american birds . version 2015 . 2 . patuxent wildlife research center , bird banding laboratory 2015 .
sauer , j . r . , d . k . niven , j . e . hines , d . j . ziolkowski , jr . , k . l . pardieck , j . e . fallon , and w . a . link ( 2017 ) . the north american breeding bird survey , results and analysis 1966–2015 . version 2 . 07 . 2017 . usgs patuxent wildlife research center , laurel , md , usa .
sibley , d . a . ( 2014 ) . the sibley guide to birds , second edition . alfred a . knopf , new york , usa .
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this article has been cited by the following publications . this list is generated based on data provided by crossref .
howe , henry f . 2016 . making dispersal syndromes and networks useful in tropical conservation and restoration . global ecology and conservation , vol . 6 , issue . , p . 152 .
myczko , łukasz rosin , zuzanna m . skórka , piotr wylegała , przemysław tobolka , marcin fliszkiewicz , monika mizera , tadeusz and tryjanowski , piotr 2013 . effects of management intensity and orchard features on bird communities in winter . ecological research , vol . 28 , issue . 3 , p . 503 .
leyequién , eurídice de boer , w . f . and toledo , víctor m . 2010 . bird community composition in a shaded coffee agro - ecological matrix in puebla , mexico : the effects of landscape heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales . biotropica , vol . 42 , issue . 2 , p . 236 .
hernández , ángel 2009 . summer - autumn feeding ecology of pied flycatchers ficedula hypolueca and spotted flycatchers muscicapa striata : the importance of frugivory in a stopover area in north - west iberia . bird conservation international , vol . 19 , issue . 03 , p . 224 .
usgs patuxent wildlife research center , national museum of natural history , p . o . box 37012 washington , dc 20013 - 7012 , usa . e - mail : fosterm @ urltoken
( moraceae ) . i compared the use of fruits of these species by migrants and residents in forest with their use of the fruits of isolated individuals of the same species in pasture and cropland . all three plant species were useful for enhancing converted habitats for forest - occupying spring migrants , although species differed in the degree to which they entered disturbed areas to feed on the fruits . these tree species could probably enhance habitats for migrants at sites throughout the natural geographic ranges of the plants ; in other geographic areas for other target bird groups , other tree species might be more appropriate .
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sounds provided by macaulay library . listen to more sounds of this species from the ml archive .
song a series of musical notes , usually accented at the end :
pleased , pleased , pleased to meetcha .
apparently far more common today than in early 19th century , with much greater area of second growth brush in east . numbers may have declined somewhat in recent decades .
slashings , bushy pastures . habitat specialist , expanding range since 19th century as forests were cut over in the eastern united states . breeds in second - growth deciduous woods , overgrown fields , and edge habitat . prefers brushy thickets , briers , and brambles . winters in tropics in forest edge and second growth .
forages by hopping actively among branches of shrubs and small trees , searching for insects among leaves and twigs , hovering momentarily to take items from foliage . typically takes insects from undersides of leaves . also darts out to catch flying insects in mid - air .
usually 4 , sometimes 3 - 5 . whitish with brown markings . incubated 11 - 12 days by female . cowbirds frequently lay eggs in nests of this species . young : both parents feed the nestlings . young leave the nest about 10 - 12 days after hatching .
both parents feed the nestlings . young leave the nest about 10 - 12 days after hatching .
mostly insects . during nesting season , known to eat caterpillars , flies , small moths , small grasshoppers , beetles , spiders ; also a few berries . may eat slightly more berries in winter in the tropics , but insects still make up over 90 % of diet then .
male sings to defend nesting territory . during courtship , male displays to the female by fluffing his plumage , raising his yellow crown feathers , spreading and vibrating his wings and tail . nest : placed in low dense shrubs or tangles , such as blackberry or rhododendron , or in deciduous saplings , such as alder or maple . loosely constructed open cup nest ( built by the female ) is made of cedar or grapevine bark strips , fibrous weeds , grasses , roots , and fine plant down , lined with fine grass and animal hair . nest may be attached to twigs with spiderwebs .
mostly migrates at night . peak migration in most areas is during may and september . strays appear regularly in west , especially in fall .
audio © lang elliott , bob mcguire , kevin colver , martyn stewart and others .
in the broadest and most detailed study of its kind , audubon scientists have used hundreds of thousands of citizen - science observations and sophisticated climate models to predict how birds in the u . s . and canada will react to climate change .
the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season .
each map is a visual guide to where a particular bird species may find the climate conditions it needs to survive in the future . we call this the bird’s “climatic range . ”
the darker the shaded area , the more likely it is the bird species will find suitable climate conditions to survive there .
the outline of the approximate current range for each season remains fixed in each frame , allowing you to compare how the range will expand , contract , or shift in the future .
the first frame of the animation shows where the bird can find a suitable climate today ( based on data from 2000 ) . the next three frames predict where this bird’s suitable climate may shift in the future—one frame each for 2020 , 2050 , and 2080 .
you can play or pause the animation with the orange button in the lower left , or select an individual frame to study by clicking on its year .
the darker the color , the more favorable the climate conditions are for survival . the outlined areas represent approximate current range for each season . more on reading these maps .
eight teenagers recently returned from costa rica with fresh perspectives , beautiful photos , and much bigger life lists .
despite decades of searching , audubon struggled to find the bird after his first sighting . but there might be some good reasons why .
tell congress to oppose a harmful rider that threatens sage - grouse and other wildlife .
tell congress and the department of the interior to uphold the country ' s most important bird protection law .
appears to be most closely related to s . striata # r . may have hybridized with s . fusca . monotypic .
s canada ( from saskatchewan e to nova scotia ) , s through great lakes region to ne usa ( minnesota e to new england ) and s in appalachians to n georgia and n alabama . migrates to non - breeding grounds mainly from se mexico s to panama , rare to nw colombia and nw venezuela ; a few winter in caribbean .
13 cm ; 7·5–13·1 g . male breeding has yellow crown , thick black eyestripe , white forehead and side of face , and narrow black
moustache
which . . .
has two song types . typical type 1 song a series of loud whistled notes with terminal flourish , . . .
breeds in young second - growth deciduous forest , forest edges and clearings , brushy thickets , and . . .
feeds mainly on insects and other arthropods , mainly spiders ( araneae ) ; also some seeds and berries in winter . forages mainly at low to . . .
season may–aug , occasionally to early sept ; egg - laying may–jul , occasionally as late as early aug . nest a cup of grasses , . . .
long - distance migrant . leaves breeding grounds in late aug and early sept , arriving on winter . . .
not globally threatened . common . breeds occasionally outside normal range in c alberta ( w canada ) and colorado ( wc usa ) . being a bird of scrub and young second growth , this . . .
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this map displays aggregated data from ibc and my birding ( anonymously ) ; markers do not indicate precise localities .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
cramp , s . and simmons , k . e . l . ( eds ) . 1977 - 1994 . handbook of the birds of europe , the middle east and africa . the birds of the western palearctic . oxford university press , oxford .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size is extremely large , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
antigua and barbuda ; aruba ; bahamas ; barbados ; belize ; bermuda ; canada ; cayman islands ; colombia ; costa rica ; cuba ; dominica ; dominican republic ; ecuador ; el salvador ; guadeloupe ; guatemala ; haiti ; honduras ; martinique ; mexico ; montserrat ; nicaragua ; panama ; puerto rico ; saint kitts and nevis ; saint lucia ; saint vincent and the grenadines ; trinidad and tobago ; turks and caicos islands ; united states ; venezuela , bolivarian republic of ; virgin islands , british ; virgin islands , u . s .
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no modification . male singing from alder bushes near a swampy area of the river .
about 45 seconds of wind noise removed between the second and third songs . after the second gust of wind at around 2 : 00 , the bird starts singing very quietly to itself before picking up volume again at 3 : 42 .
one juvenile calling continuously and being fed by an adult . habitat : shrubland , river , mature mixed forest .
calling from low bushes . habitat : mature deciduous forest , bushes , river .
one individual singing from a small tree 3 meters from the ground and regularly changing perch .
natural vocalization ; songs from a male bird sitting near the top of a medium - sized alder tree , in an open alder swamp .
s of old mine rd x millbrook rd , delaware water gap area , warren co . , nj
response to playback from the same male as in xc101826 , perched about 4 - 6m up ( 3m from mic ) in small oak at edge of power line cut .
response to playback from a male perched about 5m up ( 3m from mic ) in small oak at edge of power line cut .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
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with the clearing of primeval forests and the subsequent growth of shrubby habitats , it is one of the most abundant breeding warblers in second growth deciduous woodlands .
a group of warblers has many collective nouns , including a
bouquet
,
confusion
,
fall
, and
wrench
of warblers .
the wood - warblers are one of the one hundred eighteen families of birds in the order passeriformes ( pronounced pas - ser - i - for - meez ) ; a large taxonomic order that includes other small perching birds such as the vireos , the white - eyes , and the tanagers .
the wood - warblers , or parulidae ( pronounced pah - roo - luh - dee ) , are a large family of one hundred and twenty - two species in twenty - six genera that only occur in north and south america .
north america has ninety species of wood - warblers in twenty - six genera ; included in this family are the yellowthroats , a seemingly dizzying array of warblers , and the waterthrushes .
like several other passerines , the wood - warblers are small birds with medium length tails , medium length legs and strong feet suited to perching . they have short to longish wings ( in migratory species ) , and medium length , thin , pointed bills .
members of the parulidae come in a variety of colors . different shades of yellow and olive occur in many species , including the dull , brown , streaked plumages of females and immatures . in addition to having bright yellow in their plumages , males in bright breeding plumage can show orange , blue , grays , and handsome patterns of black and white .
most species of wood - warblers are long distance migrants to central and south america .
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. they are allied to the old world warblers , but most of them are not particularly musical .
one who , or that which , warbles ; a singer ; a songster ; - - applied chiefly to birds .
any member of the genus lusciniola , a small group of about 12 species , chiefly asiatic , and especially himalayan , with one species extending into the mediterranean region , and auother in south africa . there are twelve tail - feathers , the tarsus is scutellate , the wings are short with spurious first primary , and the prevailing colors are russet and olive - brown . the type is l . aëdon ( of pallas ) . this genus has six other new latin names .
o . fr . werbler , to warble , make turns with the voice—old high ger . werban ; cf . a . s . hweorfan , to turn ( ger . wirbeln ) , to make a turn .


eugnosta magnificana is a species of moth of the family tortricidae .

it is found from spain and southern france to the republic of macedonia , north to hungary and east to the southern ural mountains , asia minor , armenia , the transcaspian area , iran ( kandovan ) , afghanistan and china ( inner mongolia ) .

the wingspan is 19 – 29 mm .

adults are on wing from june to august .

eugnosta magnificana

eugnosta hydrargyrana ( eversmann , 1842 ) = tortrix hydrargyrana eversmann , 1842 = euxanthis parreyssiana ab . = conchylis anargyrana ragonot , 1894 = tortrix insequana eversmann , 1844 .
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website © jim wheeler 2016 - 2018 . nola - x database system © jim wheeler 2018 . - sponsored by urltoken & urltoken
a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
the author ' s name is made up of a string of letters , with no blanks , and multiple authors ' names are separated by a comma . spelling of author ' s name is based on the original publication . if there are more than three authors , only the names of the first two authors are shown , followed by
, +
and the number of omitted authors .
attribute is enclosed in square brackets . this is rarely needed , but to differentiate homo - identifiers , this will contain the page , line or plate number of original publication .
all diacritic marks , hyphens , and apostrophes are eliminated , thus only the following characters are used : a to z , a to z , 0 to 9 , blank , comma , and opening and closing square brackets . although upper and lower cases are used for the convenience of human recognition , it is not case sensitive .
created by dicky sick ki yu 1997 - 2012 please send me information about errors and omissions ( contact information ) with supporting references , possibly with pdf or hard copy .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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austria , germany , romania , the soviet union - the european part of france , the czech republic , switzerland .
regions of the russian federation : the volga - don , east caucasus , krasnoyarsk , mid - volzhsky , south ural .
[ 10 ] de jong , y . s . d . m . ( ed . ) ( 2011 ) fauna europaea version 2 . 4 ( faunaeur . org )
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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