cymbiodyta is a genus of hydrophilid beetles with 31 species .

twenty – eight of the species occur in the americas and three species in the palearctic .

cymbiodyta

. notes on enochrus and cymbiodyta from the pacific northwest ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) .
cymbiodyta lishizheni sp . nov . , the second species of the genus from china .
a new cryptic species of cymbiodyta from the midwestern u . s . ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae )
cymbiodyta lishizheni sp . nov . , the second species of the genus from china . - pubmed - ncbi
full text of
a new cryptic species of cymbiodyta from the midwestern u . s . ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae )
full text of
a new cryptic species of cymbiodyta from the midwestern u . s . ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae )
revision of the genus cymbiodyta bed . ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) | the memoirs of the entomological society of canada | cambridge core
description of cymbiodyta orientalis sp . n . , the first species of the genus from the oriental region ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae )
( pdf ) description of cymbiodyta orientalis sp . n . , the first species of the genus from the oriental region ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae )
revision of the genus cymbiodyta bedel ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) a . smetana . 1974 . memoirs of the entomological society of canada , 93 : 1 - 113 .
smetana , a . ( 1974 ) revision of the genus cymbiodyta bed . ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) . memoirs of the entomological society of canada , 93 , 1–113 . urltoken
smetana , a . . 1974 . revision of the genus cymbiodyta bed . ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) . memoirs of the entomological society of canada . no . 93 . 113 pp .
jia , f . - l . ( 2014 ) a report on the male and the habitats of cymbiodyta orientalis jia & short ( coleoptera , hydrophilidae , hydrophilinae ) . latissimus , 35 , 2–5 .
the water scavenger beetle genus cymbiodyta bedel contains 30 species ( jia & short 2010 , short & fikáček 2011 ) , most of which are distributed in north america . only one species ( cymbiodyta orientalis jia & short , 2010 ) has been described since the worldwide revision of the genus by smetana ( 1974 ) . this taxon was the second species of the genus known from the old world and the first species known from the oriental region . subsequently , jia ( 2014 ) described the male of c . orientalis jia & short and provided photographs of the aedeagus .
the water scavenger beetle genus cymbiodyta bedel contains 30 species ( jia & short 2010 , short & fikáček 2011 ) , most of which are distributed in north america . only one species ( cymbiodyta orientalis jia & short , 2010 ) has been described since the worldwide revision of the genus by smetana ( 1974 ) . this taxon was the second species of the genus known from the old world and the first species known from the oriental region . subsequently , jia ( 2014 ) described the male of c . orientalis jia & short and provided photographs of the aedeagus .
jia , f . - l . & short , a . e . z . ( 2010 ) description of cymbiodyta orientalis sp . n . , the first species of the genus from the oriental region ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) . entomological news , 121 ( 4 ) , 348–351 . urltoken
a new species of water scavenger beetle , cymbiodyta orientalis jia & short sp . n . , is described from southern china . a primarily nearctic group , this species represents the first record of the genus from the oriental region . it was collected in a temporary pool with grass and detritus .
habitat is not known but most likely creeks , although several cymbiodyta species occur in other shallow habitats , including shallows of lakes , temporal pools etc . ( rarely ) . adults of some species tend to prefer wet litter along stream banks and a few larvae may occur there . since adults are good fliers they may temporarily use habitats other than the preferred ones . larva , but probably not adults , live in bottom substrates or debris .
i am an aquatic ecologist at the university of mississippi . my research is focused on various factors that affect habitat selection and community dynamics of aquatic insects and other organisms in freshwater systems .
my current research focuses on the factors influencing the dispersal and habitat selection of aquatic beetles , as well as their community interactions , trophic roles , and spatial and temporal variation in freshwater systems .
my paper
context - dependent colonization dynamics : regional reward contagion drives local compression in aquatic beetles
has been published in the journal of animal ecology . pdf
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world catalogue of insects , volume 2 : hydrophiloidea ( s . str . ) ( coleoptera )
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american beetles , volume i : archostemata , myxophaga , adephaga , polyphaga : staphyliniformia arnett , r . h . , jr . , and m . c . thomas . ( eds . ) . 2000 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
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corresponds to a report on the basis of at least one observation proved within a period of 10 years ( 20 years for little - known invertebrates ) preceding the year and no presumption of extinction since obtaining the last data nor doubt on reproductive and implemented nature of this population . for migratory species , the presence indicated concerns areas of reproduction .
the last reliable sighting is older than 10 years compared to the reference date , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ vertebrates , invertebrates and plants well studied ( rhopalocera , grasshoppers , dragonflies . . . ) ] ;
the last reliable observation being older than 20 years , no recent specific research and no presumption of extinction from that date [ poorly known taxa : fungus , many invertebrates . . . ] .
this point covers the absence , more difficult by nature to demonstrate than presence . this status is based on one or more of the following criteria :
this status must be assigned to a department in which the presence of the species is casual .
particular case of absence due to a proven extinction less than a half century ago ( older disappearances are treated as
no probable or definite
) .
in the state of knowledge , we can not comment on the presence or absence in the current department . this is the default status when not comprised in one of the previous categories or whenever there is doubt .
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national inventory of natural heritage , website : https : / / inpn . mnhn . fr .
fenglong jia institute of entomology , sun yat - sen university , guangzhou , 510275 , guangdong , china .
renchao lin institute of entomology , sun yat - sen university , guangzhou , 510275 , guangdong , china .
hansen , m . ( 1991 ) the hydrophiloid beetles . phylogeny , classification and a revision of the genera ( coleoptera , hydrophiloidea ) biologiske skrifter , det kongelige danske . viedenskabernes selskab , 40 , 1–368 .
hansen , m . ( 1999 ) world catalogue of insects 2 : hydrophiloidea ( s . str . ) ( coleoptera ) . apollo books , stenstrup , 416 pp .
short , a . e . z . & hebauer , f . ( 2006 ) world catalogue of hydrophiloidea – additions and corrections , 1 . ( 1999 - 2005 ) ( coleoptera ) . koleopterologische rundschau , 76 , 315–395 .
short , a . e . z . & fikáček , m . ( 2011 ) world catalogue of the hydrophiloidea ( coleoptera ) : additions and corrections ii ( 2006–2010 ) . acta entomologica musei nationalis pragae , 51 ( 1 ) , 83–122 .
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short , andrew edward z . and fikáček , martin 2013 . molecular phylogeny , evolution and classification of the hydrophilidae ( coleoptera ) . systematic entomology , vol . 38 , issue . 4 , p . 723 .
jia , fenglong and short , andrew e . z . 2010 . description ofcymbiodyta orientalissp . n . , the first species of the genus from the oriental region ( coleoptera : hydrophilidae ) . entomological news , vol . 121 , issue . 4 , p . 348 .
2010 . ecology and classification of north american freshwater invertebrates . p . 1022 .
bed . ( hydrophilidae : hydrobiinae ) is presented including a short historical review and a discussion of diagnostic characters and techniques . twenty - nine species are recognized . twelve species and two subspecies are described as new .
horn . the genus is divided into 11 species groups . a key to species is provided . each species is described and illustrated , and all available bionomic and distributional data are presented . distributional records are mapped .
the developmental stages of the danish hydro - philidae ( ins . , coleoptera )
bestimmungstabellen der europäischen coleopteren xix . heft . hydro - philidae i . abteilung : hydrophilini
the complete writings of th . say on the entomology of north america , ii
. contributions toward a knowledge of the insect fauna of lower california . no . 11 . coleoptera : haliplidae , dytiscidae , gyrinidae , hydrophilidae , limnebiidae .
coleoptera collected at mooers , clinton co . , n . y . september 9–13 , 1918 , with descriptions of new species
histoire naturelle des coléoptères de france , ii . lamelli polyphaga : cornia , palpicornia , diversicornia
petite faune entomologique du canada précédée d ' un traité élemen - taire d ' entomologie , i . les coléoptères
die fauna des göldnitzer hochmoores in mecklenburg . ( mollusca , isopoda , arachnoidea , myriapoda , insecta )
. a gazetteer to accompany the “insecta” volumes of the “biologia centrali - americana” .
. revision of the tribe quediini of america north of mexico ( coleoptera : staphylinidae ) .
key to the subtribe helocharae orchym . ( coleoptera - hydrophilidae ) of boreal america
. synonymical notes on coleoptera of the united states , with descriptions of new species , from the mss of the late dr . c . zimmerman . edited by
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institute of entomology , sun yat - sen university , guangzhou , 510275 , guangdong , china . ; email : lssjfl @ mail . sysu . edu . cn .
institute of entomology , sun yat - sen university , guangzhou , 510275 , guangdong , china . ; email : linrenc @ 163 . com .
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poole , r . w . , and p . gentili ( eds . ) . 1996 . nomina insecta nearctica : a checklist of the insects of north america . volume 1 ( coleoptera , strepsiptera ) . entomological information services , rockville , md . available online : urltoken
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bousquet , y . ( editor ) . 1991 . checklist of beetles of canada and alaska . research branch , agriculutre canada . publication 1861 / e . , ottawa . 430pp . excel version ( includes updates ) . online . available : urltoken
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the genus from the oriental region . it was collected in a temporary pool with grass and detritus .
one widespread western palearctic species ( smetana , 1974 ; hansen , 1999 ) . the
leg . fenglong jia [ translation ; labeled in chinese ] . paratypes ( 5
. r . china . e - mail : lssjfl @ mail . sysu . edu . cn . corresponding
division of entomology , biodiversity institute , university of kansas . lawrence , ks , u . s . a .
species of the genus by the coarsely punctate stria on the elytra . other character
dark brown , with margins of pronotum and elytra markedly paler ( fig . 1 ) . body
sp . n . 1 . dorsal habitus ( scale bar = 1 . 00 mm ) ; 2 .
entral habitus ( scale bar = 1 . 00 mm ) ; 3 . metatarsus ; 4 . mesosternal elevation .
erally very dark brown to brown ; legs rufous , tarsi rufotestaceous ( fig . 2 ) .
terior part somewhat stronger than those on anterior part . eyes separated by c .
4 . 5x the width of one eye . maxillary palps ca . 3 / 4x as long as width of head , sec -
medially , which does not bear an elevated tooth or projection ( fig . 4 ) . metaster -
third along the basal margin . protarsi 5 - segmented ; meso - and metatarsi 4 - seg -
tion , we cannot be sure when they will be found . as the species is clearly distin -
emarginated ) . as such , it should be placed into its own species group .
university , for taking the color photographs . this work was supported by national natural science
megagraphydrus puzhelongi , sp . n . , a new water scavenger beetle from china ( coleoptera : hydrophilida . . .
the oriental genus megagraphydrus hansen , 1999 was originally established for five species described from china ( taiwan ) , thailand , sri lanka , west malaysia and vietnam . subsequently , hebauer ( 2000 ) described an additional five species , including the first species from mainland china ( megagraphydrus anhuianus hebauer , 2000 ) , and provided a key to all known species at that time . in 2009 , . . . [ show full abstract ]
a new species of laccobius erichson and additional faunistic records of the genus from china , with a . . .
a new species of water scavenger beetle , laccobius ( glyptolaccobius ) yinziweii sp . nov . is described from yunnan , china . diagnostic characters are illustrated . laccobius ( cyclolaccobius ) nitidus gentili , 1984 is reported from guizhou , laccobius ( microlaccobius ) hammondi gentili , 1984 from hubei , and laccobius ( s . str . ) inopinus gentili , 1980 from guizhou for the first time . additionally , an . . . [ show full abstract ]
a revisional study of the chinese species of amphiops erichson ( coleoptera , hydrophilidae , chaetarth . . .
a review of the genus amphiops occurring in china is provided . a new species , amphiops coelopunctatus sp . nov . , is described from hainan , china . based on a study of the type material , a mphiops yunnanensis pu , 1963 , is proposed as a junior synonym of a mphiops mirabilis sharp , 1890 . amphiops pedestris sharp , 1890 and a mphiops annamita régimbart , 1903 are confirmed as synonyms of a mphiops . . . [ show full abstract ]


agriocnemis zerafica is a species of damselfly in the family coenagrionidae .

it is native to africa , where it is widespread across the central and western nations of the continent .

it is known by the common name sahel wisp .

this species occurs in swamps and pools in dry regions .

there are no major threats but it may be affected by pollution and habitat loss to agriculture and development .

agriocnemis zerafica

agriocnemis _ sp _ libreville _ 1 . jpg uploaded on jan . 16 , 2017
agriocnemis _ sp _ libreville _ 2 . jpg uploaded on jan . 16 , 2017
specimen count 1 record last modified 21 apr 2016 nmnh - entomology dept . taxonomy animalia arthropoda insecta odonata coenagrionidae collector eldon h . newcomb preparation envelope prep count 1 sex male stage adult see more items in specimen inventory entomology place area 5 . 12 km . ne . dakar , near kamberene ; 1 : 30 - 4 : 30 p . m . , senegal collection date 21 may 1944 barcode 00342577 usnm number usnment342577 published name agriocnemis zerafica le roi
very small , about 20mm . orange tail . advised agriocnemis sp . id by kd dijkstra : hard to see details , but i believe this is not a . exilis
same creature as previously posted as unknown , very small , about 20mm , over water , top view . advised probably agriocnemis ,
whisp
damselfly . id by kd dijkstra : hard to see details , but i believe this is not a . exilis
global distribution : the species is known from north - west uganda and sudan , through niger to mauritania and liberia : a larger sahelian range , i . e . in more arid zone than other african agriocnemis . record from angola unlikely . northeastern africa distribution : the species was listed by tsuda for sudan . this record needs confirmation . may also occur in kenya as well .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
justification : this is a widespread species with no known major widespread threats that is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category . it is therefore assessed as least concern .
the species has been recorded from northwest uganda and sudan , through niger to mauritania and liberia : a larger sahelian range , i . e . , in more arid zone than other african
the main threats to the species are habitat loss due to agriculture , urban development and drainage , as well as water pollution .
no conservation measures known but information on taxonomy , population ecology , habitat status and population trends would be valuable .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
dijkstra , k . - d . b . & suhling , f . ( ssc odonata specialist group ) , & allen , d . ( iucn freshwater biodiversity unit )
justification : the species is listed by tsuda for sudan . this record needs confirmation and the species is listed data deficient for the time being .
research required into the species population and range , biology and ecology , habitat status , threats , and potential conservation measures and trends / monitoring . habitat maintenance / conservation also required .
dijkstra , k . d . & suhling , f . ( odonata red list authority ) .
justification : regional assessment : the species is listed as least concern in view of its wide distribution , and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
eastern africa distribution : the species has been recorded from kenya , tanzania , uganda , malawi and burundi : swamps in murchinson national park and near laropi ferry , albert nile ( both northern uganda ) . global distribution : the species is known from north uganda and sudan to senegal .
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agriocnemissp _ top _ marakissariverlodge _ 01022014 . jpg uploaded on may 1 , 2014
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the manx robber fly ( machimus cowini , manx : quaillag roosteyr manninagh ) is one of 7,100 species of robber fly or asilidae known throughout the world , and one of 28 asilids known to occur in the british isles .

manx robber fly

a robber fly ( machimus cingulatus ) feeding on a fly that it has just captured .
manx robber fly ( machimus sp . ) raubfliege ( machimus sp . ) - tierreich tierwelt up ups wildlife wildtier wildtiere zweiflügler zweifluegler
robber fly ( machimus sp . ) , vulkaneifel district , rhineland - palatinate , germany , europe
a robber - fly ( machimus atricapillus ) with prey at downe bank nature reserve , kent . august .
the larvae of a hyperechia spp ( a robber fly , asilidae ) prey on the larvae of the carpenter bee and it is thoughtthe resemblance of the adult fly to the bee may enable the female robber fly to get near enough tothe bee nest to lay her eggs .
the conservation status of the species is currently unknown , however the manx wildlife trust and manx national trust , through the creation of nature reserves have saved the habitat of the robber fly from total destruction .
a robber - fly ( machimus atricapillus ) resting on a leaf at downe bank nature reserve , kent . august .
kite - tailed robber - fly , machimus atricapillus , asilidae , asiloidea , asilomorpha , brachycera , diptera . sitting on a human hand .
fly ( machimus sp . ) . la dehesa boyal , puertollano , ciudad real , spain
* 14 letter in manx note book , vol . ii , pages 81 - 2
robber flies can be a pest of commercial apiarists , as they ' re commonly known as bee - killers . the robber fly captures a bee by making rapid dashes , catching it in flight , and squeezing it tightly against its own body with its strong grasp . immediately following this , a perching point is acquired . ponly the dry shell of what was once a bee is left behind . with careful observation robber fly feeding spots can be found . tell tale signs include bee hulls lying on the ground .
the flora on the reserve comprises a diverse range of meadow and wetland plants , including various species of orchid , yellow rattle , purple loosestrife , eyebright , yellow iris and knapweed , whilst notable fauna includes the manx robber fly , hen harrier , curlew and corncrakes . . . and wallabies !
if one is interested in obtaining a manx telecom , it is recommended to check out the manx telecom website directly . they offer selections based upon the buyer ' s needs . contact
< p > 978 - 613 - 1 - 84038 - 8 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . some animal species and breeds once existed on the isle of man but are now extinct . some plant species have also been included at the end of this article . there are no known specimens of the following breeds of dog , cattle , pig , horse and sheep . today only the manx cat , manx loaghtan , manx robber fly , isle of man cabbage and manx marvel tomato exist as native breeds / types of the isle of man . manx cattle went extinct c . 1815 . a description of the breed survives along with a record that the manx people referred to them as boaghans or boghans ( manx words for cow include booa and baa ) . < / p >
females of machimus arthriticus , the silk predatory fly . , weibchen von machimus arthriticus , der seiden - raubfliege .
* 9 see introduction to manx carols . ( j . c . fargher , douglas , 1891 ) .
* 16 it was published by him in the manx note book , vol . ii , pages 80 - 4 .
* 2 chiefly the manx society ' s publications , vols . xvi , xx and xxi , and the manx note book as regards the songs etc . , published by the manx society it may he remarked that many of the translations are so absurd , some being the merest paraphrases and others grotesque perversions of the originals , that they are better consigned to oblivion .
* 21 from miss teare . ' ihe manx words are in italics . it was once probably all manx . ( a ) ' ring , ' ( b ) ' or , ' ( c ) ' all , ' ( d ) son .
all robber flies have stout , spiny legs , aand 3 simple eyes ( ocelli ) in a characteristic depression between their two large compound eyes . . the antennae are short , 3 - segmented , sometimes with a bristle - like structure called an arista . the short , strong proboscis is used to stab and inject victims with saliva containing neurotoxic and proteolytic enzymes which paralyze and digest the insides ; the fly then sucks the liquefied nutrients . et . a robber fly ' s beak tip is covered with stiff bristles , designed to secure it within the wound it creates the large , tapering , hard beak , contains a sharp lancet
* 38 the manx ballad has been obtained partly from mr . cashen of peel , and partly from mr . quayle of glen meay .
* 1 ( a ) less than one - third , - some were published in the manx note book , in 1885 - 7 by the writer .
all robber flies have a characteristic divot on top of the head , dense moustache of bristles on the face ( mystax ) , which is located between their especially prominent compound eyes . in general , adult asilidae have a long body with abdomen tapered . however , some species are stout and hairy , mimicking bumble bees , and still others may be slender and have a damsel fly appearance . adults range in size from small ( 3 mm ) to very large ( over 50 mm ) , averaging 9 to 15 mm in length . robber flies have long , strong legs that are bristled to aid in prey capture . sexual dimorphisms are not extreme , although females tend to have slightly broader abdomens than males . most robber flies have a brown , gray , or black coloration
females deposit whitish - colored eggs on low - lying plants and grasses , or in crevices within soil , bark , or wood . egg - laying habits depend on the species and their specific habitat ; most species lay their eggs in masses , which are then covered with a chalky protective coating . many robber flies have specialised ovipositors - - the tubes through which the flies lay their eggs . some of these are designed for digging into soil or inserting between parts of plants . robber fly larvae live in the soil or in various other decaying organic materials that occur in their environment . larvae are also predacious , feeding on eggs , larvae , or other soft - bodied insects . robber flies overwinter as larvae and pupate in the soil . robber fly larvae live sub - teraneously and in decaying wood where they prey upon the larvae of wood - boring beetles . in the ground they may seek out and eat buried grasshopper eggs . their pupae bristle with spines possibly making an exit from underground or decaying logs a little easier . puparia migrate to the soil surface and emerge as adults , often leaving behind their pupal casing . complete development ranges from one to three years , depending on species and environmental conditions .
introduction robber flies are a large and diverse family of the dipterian order that are known for their predatory behavior . there are aprox 29 species occurring in the uk . diversity of asilidaecan be attributed to their broad distribution ; most species have a tendency to occupy a selective niche . as thecommon name implies , robber or assassin flies have voracious appetites and feed on a variety of arthropods , which may help to maintain an insect population balance in various habitats . asilidae adults attack wasps , bees , dragonflies , grasshoppers , other flies , and some spiders . robber flies are abundant in arid / sunny habitats , which are optimal conditions to observe their many morphs and behaviors .
robber flies , the asilidae family , tend to have the vertex of the frons ( the area betweenthe eyes ) sunken in , with the eyes raised above . another characteristic feature is a tuftof bristles between the antennae and the oral margin ( the edge of the cavity in the lowerpart of the head that contains the proboscis ) which is a called the mystax . the mystax assists in protecting the head and face when the fly experiences defensive prey .
behavior robber flies are opportunistic predators of other insects , often catching them on the wing , after which they take the insect to a roosting site and suck out it ' s innards their diets often reflecting prey availability in a particular habitat . reports that of the nine neotropical asilidae species studied , diet constituents were more than 85 % composed of insects from the orders diptera , coleoptera , hymenoptera , homoptera , and lepidoptera . furthermore , larger species tended to consume a greater diversity of prey taxa . robber flies generally establish a perching zone in which to locate potential prey . perching height varies by species , but generally occurs in open , sunny locations . asilidae seize their prey in flight and inject their victims with saliva containing neurotoxic and proteolytic enzymes . this injection , inflicted by their modified mouthparts ( hypotharynx ) , rapidly disable prey and digests bodily contents . the robber fly soon has access to a liquid meal , which is generally consumed upon returning to a perched position . the short , strong proboscis is used to stab and inject victims with saliva containing neurotoxic and proteolytic enzymes which paralyze and digest the insides ; the fly then sucks the liquefied meal proboscis is uniquely adapted for stabbing and sucking robber flies have limitted or minimal courtship behavior , with male pouncing on the female simply as if to catch prey . copulation is in a tail - to - tail fashion with the male and female genetalia interlocked . flight is not completely inhibited during mating .
* 46 the version given in the text is taken from manx society . voi . xvi , and this was copied from ms . the rev . j . crellin . vicar of michael from 177 to 1798 .
having carried out a number of practical tasks for the manx wildlife trust in recent years , the hsbc volunteers were keen to take on the challenge and moved a mini - mountain of stone and soil to fill in the ruts to allow for tractor access .
* 40 if we are to take bishop barrow ' s remark ( see page xv . ) as being literally correct the manx writer cannot have been a contemporary with rutter , though . of course , it may have been composed and not written at that time .
( 4 ) patriotic ballacts . - of the ballads which , perhaps , may be best described as patriotic , the two oldest were written by archdeacon , afterwards bishop , rutter . they form part of
a choice collection of songs ,
* composed by him between 1645 and 1651 ,
for the amusement and diversion of the right hon . james earl of derby , during his retreat into the island of mann in the time of the oliverian usurpation .
* it is not known whether the english words only , or both the english and manx words , were by rutter , but , on the whole , it seems probable that he wrote the english and that it was paraphrased in manx by a native of the island either in his time or later if this was so the native must have been a very competent manx scholar , as the manx of these songs is the best of the whole collection . the first of the patriotic ballads is
shee as mayurys ny manninee , ' peace and happiness of the manx people , ' or ' the little quiet nation , ' being a prologue to the play acted in castle rushen before the right hon . james , earl of derby , to divert his pensive spirit and deep concern for the calamities of his country , occasioned by the grand rebellion , begun anno 1641 . * one of these entertainments is described by thomas parre , vicar of malew , as follows :
* 55 ( i ) pingyn yn ommidan . ( 2 ) illiam as isabel a short poem with a long prose dialogue . ( 3 ) yn joirkafh mestallagh . ( 4j yn meshtallagh . all the above are directed against drunkenness , while ( 5 ) mollaght er lhombaga is i opposition to smoking . ' the other ballads of recent date are ( i ) megpolleh , an attempt at imitating an old manx song by john ivon moseley , a coadjutor with the rev . j . t . clarke in producing the english - manx portion of the manx society ' s dictionary . ( 2 ) t ' an emshyr ain quaagh car ny hleeaney by that excellent old manxman , the late john quirk of carn - y - greie . ( 3 ) yn coayl jeh ' in lillee , a vessel which was blown up at kitterland in december 1852 . this was written by thomas shimmin , a strange creature who combined the functions of rag - gatherer and poet .
according to bishop wilson , these and rutter ' s other songs were , in his time , in great esteem among the people . and the fact that the songs in vogue at that period were long remembered is corroborated by the following fragment of cavalier song saving survived as late as 1852 , when it was taken down from the lips of an old manx woman :
* 8 letter of deemster peter heywood , . manx note look , vol . ii , pages 81 - 2 . the old woman who sane fin as oshin in 1762 was asked where she learned it , and she replied :
from her mother and grandmother and many more ; that they used to sing them at their work and wheels .
( ibid ) .
* 36 this was first obtained from thomas kermode , bradda in 1883 , by professor j . strachan and father henebry , and was published in phonetic manx with a good translation in the feitschrtft fur celtische philologie , in march last . mr . w . j . cain has since then seen kermode and has satisfied himself of the general accuracy of this version which he and i have translated .
commenting on the day’s activities , kevin cartledge , senior manager , hsbc isle of man , said , “as a gold corporate member of the manx wildlife trust , the bank is delighted to support employees to volunteer to provide practical support to the charity . we have carried out a number of varied projects with the trust which are very popular with our employees , and we have already committed to another project in the autumn which will again provide hands - on experience of the charity’s invaluable nature conservation work . ”
with regard to the poetical merit of these compositions , i can only say that , even in the original manx , it is , for the most part , of a very low order , and that very few of them are of the true ballad type . * 4 it will be observed that their authors , the majority of whom are clearly illiterate men , are occasionally quite indifferent to the exigencies of either metre or rhyme . their dates , with the exception of the children ' s songs , bishop rutter ' s ballads , and a few others , are comparatively recent , belonging to the latter rather than to the earlier part of the 15th century , while some were written early in the present century . * 5 this paucity of early ballads is very remarkable and requires some explanation . it seems to have arisen , in the first place , from the fact that no book was published in the manx language before the end of the 17th century , the earliest ,
the principles and duties of christianity , for the use of the diocese of man ,
bearing the date 1699 . there was , however , the ms . prayer - book completed by bishop phillips in 1610 , which has recently been published by the manx society , * 6 : but , fifty years later , this had evidently been forgotten , as , in 1663 , bishop barrow wrote :
there is nothing either written or printed in their language . . . neither can they who speak it best write to one another in it , having no character or letter of it among them .
* 7
* 19 manx society , vol . xxi , page 79 . this process was carried out by the rev . j . t clarke , then chaplain of st . mark ' s , and he appears to have been indebted to a song called thurot ' s dream , taken from popular songs , illustrative of the french invasions of ireland ,
edited by t crofton croker and printed for the percy society in 1846 , for much of his material . i have been able to supplement and correct mr . clarke ' s version by oral evidence .
the object of this publication , as of that of the manx carols , is to collect in one volume a curious literature , the greater part of which was threatened with almost certain loss . for less than one half of the ballads and songs given here have been hitherto published , * 1 and , as they are scattered in books * 2 that are now out of print , they could only have been accessible to very few . the others have been collected from various sources , * 3 some oral , some written which in a few years would have yielded much smaller results , because the old or elderly people who alone remember them must soon pass away , and because of the risk of the mss . being lost .
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description asilidae are a family of true flies belonging to the superfamily asiloidea within the suborder brachycera . to date , there are approximately 6 , 750 described species of asilidae distributed worldwide .
many species have long , tapering abdomens , sometimes with a sword - like ovipositor . others are fat - bodied bumble bee mimics ; the effect is quite convincing .
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brown heath robberfly , machimus cingulatus , asilinae , asilidae , diptera . female .
dungfly ( machimus spec . ) , with prey , germany , mecklenburg - western pomerania
robberfly ( machimus cingulatus ) head close up showing large compound eyes . captive , uk , july .
downland robberfly machimus rusticus male covered with dew drops . species of the asilidae family , close - up macro with blurred background .
robberfly ( machimus spec . ) , portrait , germany , mecklenburg - western pomerania
downland robberfly ( machimus rusticus ) - female . this is a fairly scarce species , restricted to chalky grassland habitat .
brown heath robberfly , machimus cingulatus , asilinae , asilidae , diptera . feeding on prey . female .
robberfly ( machimus spec . ) , on leaf , germany , mecklenburg - western pomerania
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< p > 978 - 613 - 0 - 70535 - 0 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . an extinct language is a language which no longer has any speakers . extinct languages may be contrasted with dead languages : no longer spoken as a main language . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 0 - 74711 - 4 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . since 1500 , over 190 species of birds have become extinct , and this rate of extinction seems to be increasing . the situation is exemplified by hawaii , where 30 % of all known recently extinct bird taxa originally lived . other areas , such as guam , have also been hit hard ; guam has lost over 60 % of its native bird taxa in the last 30 years , many of them due to the introduced brown tree snake . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 1 - 83860 - 6 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . the list of extinct animals in europe features the animals that have become extinct on the european continent and some in other dependent territories of european countries . while most of the animals in the recent holocene have a human - caused extinction , pleistocene extinctions and early holocene extinctions are contested . some see them as human - caused while others as a product of climate change . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 1 - 84035 - 7 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . this is a list of extinct animals of britain . only a small number of these are globally extinct , most famously the irish elk , great auk and woolly mammoth . most of the remainder survive to some extent outside the islands . the list includes introduced species only where they were able to form self - sustaining colonies for a time . only species extinct since great britain was separated from mainland europe are included . the date beside each species is the last date when a specimen was observed in the wild , or where this is not known , the approximate date of extinction . the list is complete for mammals , reptiles , freshwater fish and amphibians . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 1 - 84036 - 4 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . following a complete list of australian animal extinctions from 1788 to the present . there are 23 birds , 4 frogs , and 27 mammal species known to have become extinct since european settlement of australia . it is worth making special mention of the three great human - introduced killer species : the european rabbit , the european red fox , and the domestic cat . although many other introduced species have played a destructive role , so far these three have been far and away the most significant . extinctions are recorded under the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 . several invertebrate species have also been listed as extinct by the world conservation union ( iucn ) , however this list is less exhaustive , as invertebrates are more difficult to survey and are less well studied . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 1 - 77833 - 9 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . calamites is a genus of extinct arborescent ( tree - like ) horsetails to which the modern horsetails ( genus equisetum ) are closely related . unlike their herbaceous modern cousins , these plants were medium - sized trees , growing to heights of more than 30 meters ( 100 feet ) . they were components of the understories of coal swamps of the carboniferous period . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 0 - 97286 - 8 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . zoo tycoon 2 : extinct animals is a video game expansion pack for zoo tycoon 2 released october 17 , 2007 . the expansion focuses around extinct animals , mainly dinosaurs or ice age creatures , as well as today ' s extinct creatures like the dodo or thylacine . this expansion pack follows the other expansion packs , endangered species , african adventure and marine mania . extinct animals replaces , and includes the animals and objects from the similar dino danger pack premium download . < / p >
< p > 978 - 3 - 8465 - 8713 - 3 < / p > < p > the prerequisite to developing effective strategies for conserving biodiversity is a profound understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of all life forms . it is especially important to appreciate the significance of such studies in extinct organisms ; especially in organisms that were abundant in a certain geologic era , but have subsequently dwindled or become extinct . such studies should help to understand extinction , accurately gauge the underlying causes behind loss of biodiversity and make predictions about future distribution of biodiversity . i use bio - statistical approaches to trace loss of biodiversity , and what should also serve as a starting point for conservation . my research interests encompass paleontology , geobiology , sedimentology , meteorology and paleoceanography ; and have implications for the petroleum industry as research could potentially uncover new oil - rich locations . < / p >
< p > 978 - 3 - 659 - 61475 - 0 < / p > < p > the giant panda ( ailuropoda melanoleuca ) has cranial morphology similar to the extinct hominin genus paranthropus which makes it an interesting model species for comparing diet . both species have wide skulls with flared zygomatic arches as well as large , moralized dentition which are thought to be adaptions for chewing . to gain insight into possible food sources of paranthropus , the giant panda’s diet of bamboo is investigated . mechanical properties data are gathered from young and adult bamboo shoots using a universal testing machine which provides data on the toughness , hardness , elastic modulus of bamboo stems and leaves . knowing the properties of bamboo will help draw a parallel between giant panda and paranthropus diets . as the food properties of bamboo are still largely unknown , it is useful to collect mechanical properties data on bamboo to further our understanding of what types of food can lead to the development of the morphology found in both giant pandas and paranthropus . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 8 - 71647 - 1 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online .
nautilus
clarkanus is an extinct species of nautiloid . it lived during the lower carboniferous . fossil specimens have been uncovered in the spergen hill limestone formation of indiana . in biology and ecology , extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms ( taxon ) , normally a species . the moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species , although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point . because a species ' potential range may be very large , determining this moment is difficult , and is usually done retrospectively . this difficulty leads to phenomena such as lazarus taxa , where a species presumed extinct abruptly
re - appears
( typically in the fossil record ) after a period of apparent absence . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 7 - 94253 - 6 < / p > < p > rodrigues day gecko ( phelsuma edwardnewtoni ) is a now extinct diurnal species of geckos . it lived on the island of rodrigues and typically inhabited forests and dwelt in trees . the rodrigues day gecko fed on insects and nectar . this day gecko is now extinct . it was described also as p . newtonii , yet this name was also used as a synonym for phelsuma gigas . p . edwardnewtoni belonged to the largest day geckos . it reached a total length of about 23 cm . earlier investigators describe the animal as being quite common . however , this species has not been sighted since 1917 , in spite of thorough searches in the 1960s and 1970s on rodrigues and all offshore islets . today , only 5 preserved specimens remain , three of which are in the natural history museum in london , the two others being in the paris natural history museum . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 0 - 13414 - 3 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . 359 years ago , the ichthyostega used to reside on our earth and our swamps . this tretapod genus , despite being extinct , is a transitional specie between the fish and the tretapod . this extant creature combined a fishlike tail along with gills . . . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 0 - 14176 - 9 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . experts have warned that the pure scottish wildcats could become extinct at any time within days since only 35 of them are left ! as a matter of fact , this would locate these creatures among the world ' s most endangered wildlife . on the other hand , there are more than 3 , 500 hybrid wildcats in scotland . researchers have admitted that the constant analysis of camera traps and eyewitness reports have been overestimated dramatically . hence , environmental specialists have underlined that urgent action plan is expected to be taken place . however , officials have predicted that the wildcats are going to disappear completely from planet earth within some months . also known as the highland tiger , the scottish wildcats have died out gradually because of diseases , road kills , loss of habitats and inter - breeding with domestic and feral cats . . . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 0 - 14220 - 9 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . some political campaigners have questioned whether further dollars should be spent upon the endangered species – giant pandas . while many politicians have stated that too much money is being spent on pandas , other have laid much emphasis on the limited numbers of the giant pandas . meanwhile , other campaigners have voiced out that the money spent on giant pandas can be used for preserving other species . zoologists have observed that the wild female pandas give birth every two years . as a matter of fact , the researchers have underlined that this is an indication of low birth rate which could trigger risks of extinction . . . < / p >
< p > 978 - 3 - 8383 - 9200 - 4 < / p > < p > dr . muhammad imran saleem and co - authors have done a great work putting together the essential material for the fellowship trainees in the discipline of ophthalmology in “ limbal autograft versus mitomycin - c for ophthalmic pterygium . ” the whole book is organized by multistage energetics in a very lucid manner and each element is discussed extremely well . it is also a very kind and user friendly type of book . i highly recommend this book not only for the postgraduate residents in ophthalmology but also for the working ophthalmologists . < / p >
< p > 978 - 620 - 0 - 83882 - 7 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . versus is an american indie rock band formed in 1990 by richard baluyut , fontaine toups and edward baluyut in new york city . richard and fontaine were to remain the two core members throughout the band ' s history . the band was noted for their marriage of indie pop songwriting and vocal harmonies to the
loud - soft
dynamics of grunge and alternative rock . they were also noted for their proficient and disciplined musicianship and for their credo of
meat , sports and rock
, neither of which had much currency in the early 1990s american indie scene . they named themselves after the mission of burma album vs . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 6 - 57073 - 0 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . canis is a genus containing 7 to 10 extant species , including dogs , wolves , coyotes , and jackals , and many extinct species . wolves , dogs and dingos are subspecies of canis lupus . the original referent of the english word wolf , the eurasian grey wolf , is called canis lupus lupus to distinguish it from other wolf subspecies , such as the iranian wolf , the arabian wolf , or the tibetan wolf , which are probably more similar to the variety of wolf that was ancestral to the modern dog . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 0 - 13785 - 4 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . reports 2012 highlight that there are many common species who are becoming more and more rare in the united kingdom . scientific researchers explain that many creatures fail to cope with the changing climactic conditions . as a result , many died while others can hardly reproduce . . . < / p >
< p > 978 - 3 - 659 - 21855 - 2 < / p > < p > the percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pcnl ) is now become a fast and routine procedure for nephrolithiasis in most urological centres . the aim of study is to assess the changes in standard procedure and its outcome on patient morbidity . as we discussed that the conventional procedure need the placement of nephrostomy tube , so we assess , is the nephrostomy tube , is really worthwhile after procedure ? if needed , is it necessary to put the large bore tube instead of small bore tube . we compare , the outcome of large bore , with small bore , and tubeless pcnl . we comes on conclusion , that patients with tubeless have definitely edge over those group having nephrostomy tube , with no added morbidity . < / p >
< p > 978 - 613 - 3 - 86487 - 0 < / p > < p > please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online . king james i created the hereditary order of baronets in england on 22 may 1611 , for the settlement of ireland . he offered the dignity to 200 gentlemen of good birth , with a clear estate of £1 , 000 a year , on condition that each one should pay a sum equivalent to three years ' pay to 30 soldiers at 8d per day per man into the king ' s exchequer . < / p >
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a hard working team of volunteers from hsbc in douglas recently spent a day helping the trust repair one of the tracks within the nature conservation charity’s goshen nature reserve .
maintained by the trust purely for its varied habitat and wildlife value and so not currently open to the public , goshen covers 42 acres of species - rich hay meadow , developing woodland , rough grassland and curragh , and forms part of the ballaugh curragh area of special scientific interest ( assi ) .
the track repaired by the volunteers from hsbc effectively divides the reserve into two blocks , both of which contain meadows that are managed by a cut for hay in late summer , followed by winter grazing with sheep to ensure an annual , early summer profusion of wildflowers . unfortunately , the track had become deeply rutted in a number of places due to heavy rain and the trust’s reserves officer , tricia sayle , was keen for restoration work to be carried out before this year’s hay cut is due .
as well as providing the team of enthusiastic volunteers , the bank also kindly funded all of the necessary materials . in addition , a couple of the volunteers also helped with a bit of bracken bruising in an attempt to curtail this invasive species’ progress across one of the meadows .
orang hutan - conservation - conservation centres and organisations . . . other major conservation centres in indonesia include those at tanjung puting national park and sebangau national park in central kalimantan , kutai in . . . in malaysia , conservation areas include semenggoh wildlife centre in sarawak and matang wildlife centre also in sarawak , and the sepilok orang utan sanctuary near sandakan in sabah . . . major conservation centres that are headquartered outside of the orangutan ' s home countries include orangutan foundation international , which was founded by birutė galdikas , and the australian orangutan . . .
dungeness ( headland ) - ecology . . . it is of international conservation importance for its geomorphology , plant and invertebrate communities and birdlife . . . this is recognised and protected mostly through its conservation designations as a national nature reserve ( nnr ) , a special protection area ( spa ) , a special area of conservation ( sac . . .
national council for the conservation of plants and gardens . . . the national council for the conservation of plants and gardens ( nccpg ) , also known as plant heritage , is a botanical conservation organisation in the united kingdom and a registered charity . . . are to encourage the propagation and conservation of endangered garden plants in the british isles , both species and cultivars encourage and conduct research into cultivated plants . . . the nccpg works closely with other conservation bodies as well as botanic gardens , the national trust , the national trust for scotland , english heritage , the royal horticultural society and . . .
greater crested tern - status . . . cristata are covered under the agreement on the conservation of african - eurasian migratory waterbirds ( aewa ) . . . parties to the agreement are required to engage in a wide range of conservation strategies described in a detailed action plan . . . the plan is intended to address key issues such as species and habitat conservation , management of human activities , research , education , and implementation . . .
david bellamy - recognition . . . of fosums - friends of sunderland museum the conservation foundation , uk the wildlife trusts partnership the wildlife trust for birmingham and the black country durham wildlife trust population . . .
of our resources , as far as they may be within the jurisdiction of the federal government , including the more important work of saving and restoring our forests and the great improvement of waterways , are all proper government functions which must involve large expenditure if properly performed .
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the contents of this book may be conveniently divided under the following headings : ( 1 ) mythical , semi - historical and historical ballads ; ( 2 ) children ' s songs ; ( 3 ) ballads connected with customs and superstitions ; ( 4 ) love - songs ; ( 5 ) patriotic ballads ; ( 6 ) nautical ballads ; ( 7 ) miscellaneous ballads .
( 2 ) children ' s songs . most of the children ' s songs in the isle of man at the present day are connected with games , especially those which consist of dancing in a ring . they are , however , all of english or scotch origin , * 19 except the following , which may still be heard in the parish of maughold :
hai ' ' ey , ( a ) fainey , fig na ( b ) fag , ooilley , ( c ) dooilley , adam a nag , stony rock calico vack , ( d ) ham vam vash tig and away .
+
lhigey , lhigey ,
galloping , galloping ,
( see pages 16 - 17 ) was received from miss graves too late for insertion in this section to which it belongs . the girls when playing it kneel on the ground on one knee , and strike the other knee with their right hands as they say each word .
· where you and i maun go ! ' and aye when she turned her round about , aye taller he seem ' d for to be ; until the tops o ' that gallant ship nae taller were than he . he struck the mainmast wi , his hand , the foremast wi ' his knee ; the gallant ship was broken in twain , and sank into the sea .
t
other fragmentary love songs are graih - my - chree ,
love of my heart ,
and ta mee kenyney ,
i am lamenting ,
the latter being the wail of a deserted lover .
a . d . 1643 . the right honble james earle of derbie , and his right honble countesse invited all the officers , temporall and spertuall , the clergy , the 24 keyes of the isle , the crowners , with all there wives , and likewise the best sort of the rest of the inhabitance of the isle , to a great maske , where the right hoble charles lo : strange , with his traine , the right hoble ladies , with their attendance , were most gloriously decked with silver and gould broidered workes , and most costly ornaments , bracellets on there hands , chaines on there necks , jewels on there foreheads , earings in there eares , and crowns on there heads , and after the maske to a feast which was most royall and plentifull with shuttings of ornans etc . and this was on the twelfth day ( or last day ) in christmas , in the year 1644 . all the men just with the earle , and the wives with the countesse ; likewse , there was such another feast that day was twelve moneth at night , beinge 1643 .
*
the second is creggyn scavleode ,
scarlet rocks ,
styled a
threnodia , or elegaic song on the direful effects of the grand rebellion , with a prophetic view of the downfall and catastrophe thereof , composed by the reverend author on scarlet rocks , near castletown .
*
through the island , or over the sea , or across the channel with stanley , come weal , come woe , we ' ll gather and go , and live and die with stanley .
+
i have now to refer to some ballads which have not been included in this collection : they consist of ( 1 ) erotic ballads , : and ( 2 ) modern ballads . those in the first class have been excluded because they are too gross and indecent for publication ; and those in the second , partly because they are of the most inferior type of doggerel and partly because most of them have been written within the last fifty years . they chiefly consist of temperance songs , + which were an outcome of the reform in that direction which began about 1834 and did so much good in the island .
summary : printed sources 31 , mss . 16 , oral 26 - total 73 . of this total 51 have been collected by the writer .
* 4 the word ' ballad ' has , however , often used as a convenient general designation of the contents of this book , but it must be understood that it is not to be applied in its strict sense .
* 5 no ballads written during the last fifty years have been published , as they are of a very low order of merit and have not even antiquity to recommend them ( see ppages xxviii - ix ) .
* 7 lord teignmouth , writing in 1829 , remarked that
of literature there is no trace in the manks language , excepting some songs composed in the style of ossian , discovered by bishop hildesley , ' ( scotland , vol . ii , page 270 ) . if bishop hildesley did discover any such songs , they have disappeared long ago .
* 12 except fin as oshin and parts of mannanan beg . when the literal meaning has been departed from in the text it is given in a foot note .
* 13 it may be mentioned that the spelling of the mss . was simply faulty and that it throws no hght on the language .
* 17 the version given is taken from train ' s history of the isle of plan , vol . i , pages 50 - 5 , where it is accompanied by these remarks :
the following curious ballad , which is now for the first time translated into english , was composed in the manks language . the date of printing has been obliterated from the copy in my possession , which l believe to be extremely scarce .
i have not been able to find any trace either of this printed copy or of a ms . of the poem .
* 20 these have been sent to mrs . gomme , who has published them in her
dictionary of british folk - lore .
* 22 vide centilivre ' s comedy of the artifice :
the dirtiest trollop in the town must have her top - knot and tickin - shoes .
london , 1760 .
* 23 it may be noted in this connection that there was a children ' s game , called robin - y - ree , formerly played in galloway , and that these words occur in an old song known there , see gomme ' s dictionary of british folklore , vol . i pages 257 - 8
* 24 i . e . , in the northern or southern half of the island .
* 25 see kennish ,
mona ' s isle ,
etc . , page 84 .
* 31 it is probably merely a fragment . the rev . t . e . brown suggests that kiark should be kiarkle ' circle , ' and that the rhyme was originally a religious one referring to the martyrdom of st . katherine .
* 39 quoted from the british museum copy of the introduction to a ms . which is said to have been in the library at knowsley . unfortunately it cannot now be found , the late earl at the request of the writer having very kindly caused a search to be made .
* 48 this information is taken from contemporary papers and documents in the possession of the writer .
* 49 there are several other ballads of this kind which have not been published for reasons given below .
* 50 i have vainly tried to discover whether the vicar - general translated from an english original or not .
* 51
a quiet little nation ' ' by the same author ( see page 128 ) might also have been placed in the same on , if that of
patriotic ballads
had not had a stronger claim upon it .
* 52 in archdeacon rutter ' s song the word eubonia is absurdly used as a synonym for
strong drink .
* 53 kilkenny is the name of a farm in the parish of braddan .
* 54 the titles of a few of the best known are : ( i ) qulliam baugh . ( 2 ) dy bovms as berchys moan ( 3 ) moghrey den enainshter . ( 4 ) area va mee ghuilley beg aalin as reach . ( 5 ) va mee bagbyn kewt soorey . 16 ) ail moor , ail moor mullagh ny chrink . ( 7 ) walk men magb morrey laa bauldyn . 18 ) ayns earish cromwell . [ the spelling is given as in the original ms ] .
* 59 fragments have been picked up from too many different people to specify , and then pieced together .
any comments , errors or omissions gratefully received the editor html transcription © f . coakley , 2001