the pethiyagoda 's crestless lizard ( calotes pethiyagodai ) is an agamid lizard endemic to sri lanka .

locally known as පෙතියාගොඩගේ නොසිලු කටුස සා ( pethiyagodage nosilu katussa ) .

calotes pethiyagodai

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calotes pethiyagodai - a new species of . . . - herpetological taxonomy , phylogeny and systematics | facebook
calotes pethiyagodai amarasinghe , karunarathna , hallermann , fujinuma , grillitsch & campbell , 2014 , sp . nov . - plazi treatmentbank
calotes pethiyagodai , thasun amarasinghe , a . a . , suranjan karunarathna , d . m . s . , hallermann , jakob , fujinuma , junichi , grillitsch , heinz & campbell , , 2014
calotes versicolor can be shades of red , brown , blue , and green .
figure 2 . scales on abdomen of ; a , calotes pethiyagodai sp . nov . , wht 6211 , holotype ( 86 . 6 mm svl ) and ; b , calotes liocephalus , bmnh 1946 . 8 . 11 . 33 , holotype ( 91 . 4 mm svl ) : note partially and slightly carinate , and acuminate abdominal scales of c . pethiyagodai sp . nov . and completely and strongly carinate , and mucronate scales of c . liocephalus ; subcaudals of ; c , calotes pethiyagodai sp . nov . , wht 6211 , holotype ( 86 . 6 mm svl ) and ; d , calotes liocephalus , bmnh 1946 . 8 . 11 . 33 , holotype ( 91 . 4 mm svl ) : note elongate subcaudal scales of c . pethiyagodai sp . nov . and shortened scales of c . liocephalus ( illustration : a . a . t . amarasinghe ) .
calotes kingdonwardi ( m . a . smith , 1935 ) – kingdonward ' s bloodsucker
calotes ceylonensis ( f . müller , 1887 ) – painted - lip lizard , ceylon bloodsucker
a new species of the genus calotes ( squamata : agamidae ) from high elevations of the knuckles massif . . .
figure 4 . distribution map of c . liocephalus ( red ) , and c . pethiyagodai sp . nov . ( blue ) based on examined specimens and personal observations made over the past 10 years .
this oriental garden lizard ( calotes versicolor ) has very red tones to its scales . we’ll detail their care in this article .
researchers named the new lizard
pethiyagoda ' s crestless lizard
to honor rohan pethiyagoda for his contributions to the biodiversity of sri lanka . this species has earlier been misidentified as calotes liocephalus but researchers found that the males of c . pethiyagodai lack a gular pouch unlike the males of c . liocephalus ; scalation is also different . [ 1 ]
figure 3 . a live adult male ( 86 . 6 mm svl ) of c . pethiyagodai sp . nov . ( not collected ) at 1300 m elevation of the knuckles ( photo : v . weeratunge ) .
calotes is distinguished from related genera in having uniform - sized dorsal scales , and lacking a fold of skin extending between the cheek and shoulder , and in having proportionately stronger limbs than pseudocalotes . compared to bronchocela , calotes have a proportionately shorter tail and limbs . calotes as we know it today was classified by moody ( 1980 ) prior to which all of the above - mentioned genera were included in this genus .
calotes mystaceus ( a . m . c . duméril & bibron , 1837 ) – indo - chinese forest lizard , blue - crested lizard
amarasinghe , a . a . thasun ; d . m . s . suranjan karunarathna , and j . fujinuma 2014 . a new calotes species from sri lanka with a redescription of calotes liolepis boulenger , 1885 . herpetologica 70 ( 3 ) : 323 - 338 - get paper here
because they are diurnal lizards , calotes of all species will require uv lighting and a heat source . make sure you are using a full spectrum bulb as uva and uvb rays are required for calotes to synthesize vitamin d3 . ambient cage temperature on the hot side of the cage should be around eighty degrees or hotter because calotes are tropical lizards . temperatures that are too cold will slow down their metabolisms and could even cause digestive issues .
based on morphological evidence , we describe a new species of agamid lizard of the genus calotes that is restricted to a single site on the northern face of the knuckles massif ( ~ 1000 m above sea level ) of sri lanka . the genus calotes consists of eight species in sri lanka , six of which appear to form an endemic radiation . the new species , calotes manamendrai , most closely resembles calotes liolepis boulenger , 1885 , which is widely distributed in mid - elevations in the central highlands , lowland rain forests , and a few isolated moist forests in the dry zone of sri lanka . females of calotes manamendrai sp . nov . differ from the females of calotes liolepis in having nonenlarged pectoral scales ; keeled dorsal scales on the body ; smaller midgular scales than the rest of the throat scales ; brown color , seven distinct stripes each side on gular area ; black color shoulder pit ; and upper arm with carinate ventral scales . finally , we provide a complete redescription for calotes liolepis based on the adult female syntypes .
figure 7 . habitat of ; a , c . pethiyagodai sp . nov . at high elevations of the knuckles massif ; b , c . liocephalus at mid elevations of peak wilderness ( photos : w . m . s . botejue ) .
calotes are mid - size lizards with decent life spans in captivity . they range in size from sixteen to twenty inches long and can live for up to ten years . males are larger than females and often have pronounced crests running along their backs . people are often attracted to calotes , particularly calotes versicolor because of the bright colors these lizards display . the versicolor in particular can be red , purple , green , brown , blue and any combination of those colors mixed together .
nota bene : a binomial authority in parentheses or a trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species or the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than calotes .
figure 1 . holotype male ( 86 . 6 mm svl ) of calotes pethiyagodai sp . nov . , wht 6211 ; a , dorsal head ; b , lateral head ; c , ventral head ; d , pectoral scales : note greater snout scales and smaller occipital scales ( a ) ; longer snout ( b ) ; smaller mid gular scales ( c ) , and not - enlarged pectoral scales ( d ) , ( photos : m . de silva ) .
calotes might not drink water from a dish , but it is important that a dish with clean water always be available . we recommend one that is large enough for the lizard to sit in and have a soak if it desires . as we previously mentioned , calotes are tropical lizards and require humidity to stay healthy , so a water dish is a great way to make sure this occurs .
a new species of agamid lizard , of the genus calotes , is described based on morphological evidence . this species is restricted to the knuckles massif ( > 900 m elevation ) of sri lanka . the genus calotes consists of seven species in sri lanka , five of which appear to form an endemic radiation . the new species most closely resembles c . liocephalus günther , 1872 which has an isolated population in . . . [ show full abstract ]
pethiyagoda’s crestless lizard is an endemic species of lizards found in sri lankan highlands . population of this newly described species ( 2014 ) has been restricted to the higher elevations of knuckles mountain range ( > 900 meters ) . species name pethiyagodai was given for this lizard to honor mr . rohan pethiyagoda for his contribution for the conservation of biodiversity of the country . above photographs were taken at knuckles mountain range in november , 2015 .
the genus calotes is still a heterogeneous group that may be divided into the c . versicolor and c . liocephalus groups . [ 3 ] the former occurs through most of south asia and further east . all species in this group have their dorsal and lateral scales directed upward . the latter is restricted to the southern western ghats and sri lanka . all species in this group have their scales directed back , or up and down , or down only . whether further splitting is necessary or whether the groups constitute subgenera of a monophyletic calotes remains to be studied .
calotes is a genus of lizards in the draconine clade of the family agamidae . the genus contains 27 species . some species are known as forest lizards , others as
bloodsuckers
due to their red heads , and yet others ( namely c . versicolor ) as garden lizards .
calotes are arboreal lizards and spend a lot of time in trees . this means that in captivity , your calote will need a cage or enclosure with plenty of room to explore and stretch its legs . we highly recommend a home with lots of foliage ( either natural or artificial is fine ) or other cage furniture to facilitate climbing .
multiple calotes can be kept in the same enclosure provided you give them enough room . just be sure that all the lizards are of similar size so that no cannibalism occurs unintentionally . males will become territorial as they mature , so it’s also unwise to keep two males in the same enclosure , but multiple females shouldn’t be an issue .
a new species of agamid lizard , of the genus calotes , is described based on morphological evidence . this species is restricted to the knuckles massif ( > 900 m elevation ) of sri lanka . the genus calotes consists of seven species in sri lanka , five of which appear to form an endemic radiation . the new species most closely resembles c . liocephalus günther , 1872 which has an isolated population in the central highlands and is only known from pundaluoya ( ~ 1000m ) , dickoya ( ~ 1200m ) , upcot ( ~ 1400m ) , agrapatanas ( 1665m ) and peak wilderness ( sri pada ) ( > 1400m ) . the populations from pundaluoya and dickoya appear to be locally extinct from the wild and are known only from museum specimens collected over 120 years ago . males of the new species are different from males of c . liocephalus because of the absence of a gular pouch ; by having mid gular scales smaller in size than those of its counterpart ; scales on the snout which are larger in size than those on the occipital and forehead ; pectoral scales which are not enlarged ; elongated subcaudal scales ; slightly carinate and acuminate abdominal scales ; and scales on venter which are somewhat larger in size than those on dorsum at the same level . finally , we also redescribe calotes liocephalus , and provide a key to the sri lankan species of genus calotes .
amarasinghe , a . a . thasun ; , d . m . s . suranjan karunarathna , jakob hallermann , junichi fujinuma , heinz grillitsch & patrick d . campbell 2014 . a new species of the genus calotes ( squamata : agamidae ) from high elevations of the knuckles massif of sri lanka . zootaxa 3785 ( 1 ) : 059–078 - get paper here
amarasinghe , a . a . t . , d . m . s . s . karunarathna , jakob hallermann , junichi fujinuma , heinz grillitsch & patrick d . campbell . 2014 . a new species of the genus calotes ( squamata : agamidae ) from high elevations of the knuckles massif of sri lanka . zootaxa . 3785 ( 1 ) ; 59–78 . doi : urltoken
species in the genus calotes are native to south asia , southern china , mainland southeast asia and ambon . additionally , c . versicolor has been introduced to florida ( usa ) , borneo , sulawesi , the seychelles , mauritius and oman . [ 2 ] the greatest species richness of the genus is from the western ghats , northeast india , myanmar , bangladesh and sri lanka .
as far as personality goes , calotes are not aggressive , but they can be flighty . initially , when you take them out of their cage , they will be skittish , but as you handle them more and more , they will grow accustomed to you . it also doesn’t hurt to offer food when you take them out so that handling time becomes a pleasant experience for them .
thasun amarasinghe , a . a . , suranjan karunarathna , d . m . s . , hallermann , jakob , fujinuma , junichi , grillitsch , heinz & campbell , , 2014 , a new species of the genus calotes ( squamata : agamidae ) from high elevations of the knuckles massif of sri lanka , zootaxa 3785 ( 1 ) , pp . 59 - 78 : 62 - 73
calotesceylonensis müller , 1887 is an endemic , rare and vulnerable , arboreal agamid lizard species of srilanka , which is found only at the low country dry and intermediate zones below 500 m a . s . l . this work is mainly basedon examination of type specimens as well as published literature and our observations of ecological and conditions andthreats on calotes ceylonensis . the analysis of habitat . . . [ show full abstract ]
figure 5 . holotype male ( 91 . 4 mm svl ) of calotes liocephalus , bmnh 1946 . 8 . 11 . 33 ; a , dorsal head ; b , lateral head ; c , ventral head ; d , pectoral scales : note greater snout scales and occipital scales ( a ) ; shorter snout ( b ) ; larger mid gular scales ( c ) , and enlarged pectoral scales ( d ) respectively ( photos : a . a . t . amarasinghe ) .
depending on the species of calote lizard , you should feed it a diet of invertebrates and vegetable matter . calotes will eat mostly crickets as far as insects are concerned , but they are also known for accepting wax worms and meal worms from tongs or fingers . if your calote enjoys vegetables , feel free to give it leafy greens and fruit . however , be sure to remove any uneaten food at the end of each day to avoid spoilage and the potential for bacteria to aggregate in the food dish .
the number of species increased from 10 , 711 to 10 , 793 , i . e . an increase of 82 species . 66 new species have been described , 9 species have been revalidated from synonymy and 16 subspecies were elevated to full species . . .
over the past 4 months , the number of species increased from 10 , 639 to 10 , 711 .
the number of species has grown from 10 , 544 in the may release to now 10 , 639 ( + 95 species ) .
overall , 212 new taxa have been added or changed their status or name .
the reptile database is a taxonomic database that provides basic information about all living reptile species , such as turtles , snakes , lizards , and crocodiles , as well as tuataras and amphisbaenians , but does not include dinosaurs .
currently there are more than 10 , 000 species and an additional 2 , 700 subspecies . this is making reptiles the largest vertebrate group after fish ( ~ 25 , 000 species ) and birds ( ~ 10 , 000 species ) , and significantly larger than mammals ( ~ 5 , 000 species ) or amphibians ( ~ 6 , 000 species ) .
the reptile database provides taxonomic information for the catalogue of life and the encyclopedia of life . our taxonomic information has also been used by genbank and many other resources and is the only comprehensive reptile database on the web .
the reptile database can be used to find all species within a certain geographic area ( e . g . all snakes of egypt ) . its collection of more than 2 , 500 images allow users to identify a species or at least get an idea how the species or genus may look like . more than 30 , 000 references provide a guide to further information .
this database is maintained by peter uetz ( database content ) and jakob hallermann , zoological museum hamburg ( new species and updates ) .
note : tdwg regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well . we are working on it .
holotype : wht 6211 , male , 91 . 8 mm svl , coll . m . m . bahir , a . silva & k . maduwage , 24 ix 2004 . paratypes . male , wht6154a , 91 . 3 mm svl , midlands estate - knuckles , alt . 915 m , coll . m . m . bahir & m . meegaskumbura , 5 vi 2004 ; male , wht6241 , 88 . 9 mm svl , cobet’s gap - knuckles , alt . 1 , 000 , coll . k . manamendra - arachchi & m . m . bahir ; males , zsm 215 / 1981 / 3–4 , 59 . 4 mm svl ( sub adult ) , 76 . 8 mm svl , gammaduwa - knuckles , w . erdelen , 21 vi 1980 ; male , zsm 216 / 1981 / 1 , 86 . 1 mm svl , cobet’s gap - knuckles , w . erdelen , 27 vi 1980 ; male , zsm258 / 1979 , 76 . 3 mm svl , cobet’s gap - knuckles , w . erdelen , 01 iv 1979 ; males , zsm 218 / 1981 / 1–3 , 81 . 5 mm svl , 85 . 5 mm svl , 76 . 7 mm svl , midcar - knuckles , w . erdelen , 05 xii 1979 ; female , wht 6154b , 80 . 8 mm svl , midlands estate - knuckles , alt . 915 m , coll . m . m . bahir & m . meegaskumbura , 5 vi 2004 ; female , wht106a , 78 . 9 mm svl , gammaduwa estate - knuckles , alt . 915 m , coll . k . manamendra - arachchi & d . gabadage , 23 x 1993 ; female , wht1435 , 77 . 2 mm svl , midlands estate - knuckles , coll . d . gabadage & m . m . bahir , 3 ix 1996 . females , zsm 215 / 1981 / 1–2 , 75 . 8 mm svl , 78 . 3 mm svl , gammaduwa - knuckles , w . erdelen , 21 vi 1980 ; female , zmh r06165 , 76 . 5 mm svl , gammaduwa - knuckles , w . erdelen , 7°34 ' 00
n 80°42 ' 00
e , coll . w . erdelen , 1972 ; female , zsm 217 / 1981 , 66 . 5 mm svl , cobet’s gap - knuckles , w . erdelen , 19 vi 1979 ; females , zsm 218 / 1981 / 4–5 , 71 . 8 mm svl , 55 . 8 mm svl ( sub adult ) , midcar - knuckles , 05 xii 1979 .
the species epithet is an eponym latinized in the genitive singular , honouring tilak rohan david pethiyagoda ( pethiyagoda , r . ) , a rolex awarded conservationist and the founder of the wildlife heritage trust of sri lanka ( wht ) , for his dedication and contribution to biodiversity conservation in sri lanka ; his leading contribution to herpetological and ichthyological explorations in the indian subcontinent ; and the great work he has done in order to restore and preserve the forests in the central highlands is highly commendable . his contributions are extremely important and they undoubtedly inform the many new taxonomists emerging out of india and sri lanka , especially at a time such as now when new taxonomists are very much in demand .
eggs english : trinket snake binomial name : coelognathus helena sinhala : කටකලුවා / හබරලියා [ katakaluwa / habaraliya ] c . hel . . .
scales are identical in size and keeled . english : sri lanka wolf snake binomial : lycodon carinatus sinhala : දාර රදනකයා [ dara ra . . .
english : sri lankan pipe snake binomial : cylindrophis maculatus sinhala : දෙපත් නයා / වටඋල්ලා [ depath naya / wata ulla ] an endemic spe . . .
english : dwarf bamboo binomial name : arundinaria densifolia a . densifolia is an species of dwarf bamboo that grows in swampy a . . .
p . penicillatus in 5000 rupee note of sri lanka engish : yellow eared bulbul scientific : pycnonotus penicillatus sinhal . . .
english : sri lankan krait sinhala : මුදු කරවලා [ mudu karawala ] binomial : bungarus ceylonicus bungarus ceylonicus ( sri lankan k . . .
engish : daffodil orchid scientific : ipsea speciosa sinhala : නගා මැරූ අල [ naga maru ala ] i . speciosa is a rare and ende . . .
e . sordida in 50 rupee note english : sri lanka dull - blue flycatcher / dusky - blue flycatcher scientific : eumyias sordida . . .
binomial name : zeuxine regia sinhala : ඉරු රාජ [ iru raja ] an endemic and endangered ground orchid that grows in lowland wet zone an . . .
engish : sundew scientific : drosera burmannii sinhala : කඳුලැස්ස [ kandulessa ] drosera burmannii is a type of sundew whic . . .
new & recent described flora & fauna species from all over the world esp . asia , oriental , indomalayan & malesiana region
wuodendron b . xue , y . h . tan & chaowasku wuodendron praecox ( hook . f . & thomson ) b . xue , y . h . tan & x . l . hou in xue , tan . . .
[ botany • 2017 ] begonia fulgurata | ดาดดารารัศมี • a new species ( sect . diploclinium , begoniaceae ) from chiang mai , northern thailand
begonia fulgurata c . - i peng , c . w . lin & phutthai ดาดดารารัศมี | | doi : 10 . 3767 / blumea . 2017 . 62 . 03 . 01 urltoken be . . .
chamaelirium viridiflorum l . wang , z . c . liu & w . b . liao in liu , feng , wang & liao , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / phytotaxa . 357 . . . .
great - billed seed - finch sporophila maximiliani ( cabanis , 1851 ) in ubaid , silveira , medolago , et . al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 11646 / . . .
endocerids with their filtering apparatus in mironenko , 2018 . doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2018 . 1491565 reconstruction by andre . . .
aristolochia tongbiguanensis j . y . shen , q . b . gong & s . landrein in gong , landrein , xi , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 6165 / tai . . . .
bagualosaurus agudoensis pretto , langer & schultz , 2018 doi : 10 . 1093 / zoolinnean / zly028 illustration : jorge blanco c . . .
the hypothetical phylogenetic relationships of ceratosaurs based on current topologies . the main source is from wang et al . ( 2016 . . .
nipponosaurus sachalinensis nagao , 1936 in takasaki , chiba , kobayashi , et al . , 2018 ニッポノサウルス | | doi : 10 . 1080 / 08912963 . 2017 . . . .
begonia medogensis jianw . li , y . h . tan & x . h . jin in li , tan , wang , et al . , 2018 . doi : 10 . 3897 / phytokeys . 103 . 25392 . . .
[ entomology • 2014 ] ampulex dementor • the soul - su . . .
[ botany • 2014 ] billolivia , a new genus of gesneri . . .
partial solar elipse to be visible from parts of australia , new zealand and antarctica on firday 13 july 2018 .
on this day ( july 10th ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the benefits and costs of academic travel . or
there and back again ; again and again
canon renueva su gama de 70 - 200 mm f : 2 . 8 y f : 4
plants go extinct , but sometimes species are rediscovered . this one after 151 years .
i ' m killing antediluvian salad but even in death there is rebirth . . .
necps carnivorous plant show : sept . 9 - 10 at tower hill botanical garden
this is a particularly beautiful species of centrolenid - the granular glass frog , cochranella granulosa .
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research center for climate change , university of indonesia , gd . pau lt . 8 . 5 , kampus ui , depok 16424 , indonesia
area ; black color shoulder pit ; and upper arm with carinate ventral scales . finally , we provide
al . , 2013 ; amarasinghe et al . , 2014 ) . eight of
69 . 7 . 24 . 2 ) without a precise location . on the
the monotypic colubrid genus , balanophis smith , 1938 , is endemic to the indian oceanic tropical island of sri lanka . brief accounts of b . ceylonensis ( sri lankan keelback ) have been published by nu…
[ more ]
behavioral ecology and microhabitat use by lyriocephalus scutatus ( linnaeus , 1758 ) : a monotypic genu . . .
lyriocephalus scutatus is an endemic , relict and near threatened arboreal agamid lizard species representing a monotypic genus , lyriocephalus of sri lanka , which is found in forests , plantations and home gardens in the wet and intermediate zones below 900 m a . s . l . this work is mainly based on examination of iconotype , wht collec - tion as well as published literature and our observations in last . . . [ show full abstract ]
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holotype . male , wht 6211 , 91 . 8 mm svl , near midland estate , knuckles , sri lanka , 7 ° 31 ’n , 80 ° 44 ’ e , alt . 915 m , coll . m . m . bahir , a . silva & k . maduwage , 24 ix 2004 .
paratypes . male , wht 6154 a , 91 . 3 mm svl , midlands estate - knuckles , alt . 915 m , coll . m . m . bahir & m . meegaskumbura , 5 vi 2004 ; male , wht 6241 , 88 . 9 mm svl , cobet’s gap - knuckles , alt . 1 , 000 , coll . k . manamendra - arachchi & m . m . bahir ; males , zsm
215 / 1981 / 3–4 , 59 . 4 mm svl ( sub adult ) , 76 . 8 mm svl , gammaduwa - knuckles , w . erdelen , 21 vi 1980 ; male , zsm
216 / 1981 / 1 , 86 . 1 mm svl , cobet’s gap - knuckles , w . erdelen , 27 vi 1980 ; male , zsm
258 / 1979 , 76 . 3 mm svl , cobet’s gap - knuckles , w . erdelen , 0 1 iv 1979 ; males , zsm
218 / 1981 / 1–3 , 81 . 5 mm svl , 85 . 5 mm svl , 76 . 7 mm svl , midcar - knuckles , w . erdelen , 0 5 xii 1979 ; female , wht 6154 b , 80 . 8 mm svl , midlands estate - knuckles , alt . 915 m , coll . m . m . bahir & m . meegaskumbura , 5 vi 2004 ; female , wht 106 a , 78 . 9 mm svl , gammaduwa estate - knuckles , alt . 915 m , coll . k . manamendra - arachchi & d . gabadage , 23 x 1993 ; female , wht 1435 , 77 . 2 mm svl , midlands estate - knuckles , coll . d . gabadage & m . m . bahir , 3 ix 1996 . females , zsm
215 / 1981 / 1–2 , 75 . 8 mm svl , 78 . 3 mm svl , gammaduwa - knuckles , w . erdelen , 21 vi 1980 ; female , zmh
r06165 , 76 . 5 mm svl , gammaduwa - knuckles , w . erdelen , 7 ° 34 ' 00
n 80 ° 42 ' 00
e , coll . w . erdelen , 1972 ; female , zsm
217 / 1981 , 66 . 5 mm svl , cobet’s gap - knuckles , w . erdelen , 19 vi 1979 ; females , zsm
218 / 1981 / 4–5 , 71 . 8 mm svl , 55 . 8 mm svl ( sub adult ) , midcar - knuckles , 0 5 xii 1979 .
by the absence of a gular pouch ( vs . present ) ; mid gular scales smaller ( vs . equal or larger ) than the scales besides ; scales on snout larger ( vs . smaller ) than the scales on occipital and forhead ; pectoral scales not enlarged ( vs . enlarged ) ; subcaudals elongated ( vs . shortened ) ; abdominal scales partially and slightly carinate , and acuminate ( vs . completely and strongly carinate , and mucronate ) ; scales on venter somewhat larger in size than those on dorsum at same level ( vs . smaller ) ; tubercle like spine above the tympanum , one ( vs . two ) ; axila–groin , tibia , forth toe , upper arm , and snout , longer ( 151 . 4–153 . 3 % , 69 . 4–73 . 7 % , 63 . 0– 75 . 7 % , 51 . 4–53 . 9 % , and 36 . 6–37 . 9 % of hl respectively ) vs . shorter ( 109 . 4–129 . 7 % , 65 . 5–67 . 9 % , 51 . 9–59 . 7 % , 47 . 7–51 . 3 % , and 27 . 8–33 . 7 % of hl respectively ) ; larger eye , diameter 28 . 7–29 . 5 % of hl ( vs . smaller , diameter 26 . 6–28 . 5 % of hl ) ; mid body scales , 50–54 ( vs . 46–50 ) ; and subdigital lamellae , 36–38 ( vs . 27–32 ) .
. an adult male , 91 . 8 mm svl ; head moderately large ( hl 35 . 6 % of svl ) , elongate ( hw 57 . 8 % of hl ) , narrow ( hw 20 . 6 % of svl ) , distinct from neck ; snout elongate ( es 65 . 1 % of hw ) ; snout length greater than eye diameter ( ed 77 . 2 % of es ) ; interorbital distance narrow ( io 15 . 0 % of hl ) ; eye large ( ed 29 . 0 % of hl ) ; pupil rounded ; ear opening shallow , its greatest diameter dorsoventrally ; smooth scales around ear ; tympanum smaller than orbit ( tyd 40 . 0 % of ed ) ; one tubercle like spine above the tympanum separated from the tympanum by three smaller scale rows ; diameter of eyes greater than eye to ear distance ( ed 128 . 4 % tye ) ; forehead concave ; scales on snout smooth , larger in size those of occipital region and forehead ; scales on interorbital and supercillium area smooth ; nuchal crest continue with dorsal crest and dorsal crest rudimentary , consist of 15 spines till the level of axilla ; rostral scale width greater than its height , ventroposteriorly in contact with first supralabial , also in contact posteriorly with three equal sized postrostral scales ; around nostrils on each side one supranasal , two postnasals , a prenasal and two subnasals ; among postnasals the lower one being larger ; nostrils oval and located slightly more posterior in an undivided nasal plate ; canthus rostralis and supraciliary edges soft ; 7 scales on canthus rostralis ; parietal plate larger than adjacent plates , 11 scales around the parietal plate ; mental subtriangular , lengthen posteriorly , its length approximately equal to its width , posteriolaterally in contact with two enlarged postmentals separated by a smaller scale with no contact between them ; each postmental pair bordered posteriorly by 3 smooth scales including the medial scale , but exclusive of infralabial . no gular pouch ; throat scales slightly keeled , bluntly pointed and overlapped ; mid gular scales strongly keeled , smaller in size than those of besides , pointed and overlapped ; five scale rows separate orbit from supralabials ; supralabials 10 ( 7 th in mid orbit position ) ; infralabials 9 , decreasing in size towards gape ; ventral scales on the neck keeled , mucronate and overlapping .
body slender ( ag 53 . 9 % of svl ) ; mid dorsal scales equal , smooth , with pointed dorsal scales at midbody ; scales on dorsum at midbody smaller in size than those of venter at same level ; lateral body scales keeled , smaller than dorsals ; directed backwards and downwards ; 54 scales around the midbody ; pectoral scales not enlarged , keeled , pointed and overlapping ; abdominal scales partially and slightly carinate , and acuminate , and keels forming regular and parallel continuous ventral ridges ; ventrals , 88 .
forelimbs moderately short ( lal 19 . 7 % of svl , ual 18 . 4 % of svl ) ; hind limbs relatively long ( tbl 24 . 7 % of svl , fel 24 . 4 % of svl ) ; tibia comparatively long ( fel 98 . 7 % of tbl ) . dorsal scales on fore and hind limbs keeled , overlapped ; ventral scales on upper and lower arm keeled , overlapped , and pointed ; scales on ventral surface of thigh strongly keeled , overlapped and pointed ; keels on tibia forming a series of continuous parallel ridges . digits elongate , slender , all bearing slightly recurved claws ; claws are sharp and elongate ; subdigital lamellae entire and regular , subdigital lamellae on toe iv , 36 ; inter - digital webbing absent ; relative length of digits ( fingers ) 3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1 ; ( toes ) 4 > 3 > 5 > 2 > 1 .
tail complete ( 216 . 1 mm ) ; tail base swollen , ventral scales on tail base bluntly pointed , keeled , overlapped ; dorsal scales on tail pointed , elongate , overlapped , directed backwards , keels forming continuous parallel ridges ; tail with subcaudals elongated , median row not enlarged , keeled , and overlapped .
colour in preserved specimen . dorsum greenish blue ; 8 “v” shaped black markings along the vertebral , incomplete black cross bars on limbs ; tail brownish , light coloured 8 cross bars ; tail base olive green ; venter light bluish white , throat white ; palm cream colour ; tympanum sky blue ; shoulder pit brownish black .
. based on personal observations of five males ( not collected ) from riverstone - knuckles ; have dorsum bright green and colour can be bluish , or light brown in hind parts of the body , tail base olive green ; around eight “v” shaped light blue or black coloured markings along the dorsal surface , incomplete greenish brown or black cross bars on limbs ; two to six black cross bands between eyes ; labials sky blue or yellowish green ; tympanum light yellow ; tail brownish , cream coloured or black 8–10 cross bars ; venter bright yellow or creamy white , throat bright yellow , yellowish green or sky blue ; palm dirty white . when aggressive : supralabials , around eye and tympanum darken and the rest of the body becomes dark brown . juveniles are generally bright green in colour with brown tails , when disturbed : body colour they become dark brown .
variation in male paratypes . dorsal crest consists of 6–13 spines up to the point of the axilla ; 7–8 scales on canthus rostralis ; 12 scales around the parietal plate ; each postmental pair bordered posteriorly by 3 and 4 smooth scales including the medial scale , but exclusive of infralabial ; supralabials , 8–11 ; infralabials , 8–10 ; mid - ventral scale row , 65–94 ; subdigital lamellae on the toe iv , 36–38 .
description of female . ( based on paratype wht 6154 b ) . an adult female , 80 . 8 mm svl ; head moderately large ( hl 32 . 5 % of svl ) , elongate ( hw 55 . 5 % of hl ) , narrow ( hw 18 . 1 % of svl ) , distinct from neck ; snout elongate ( es 71 . 2 % of hw ) ; snout length greater than eye diameter ( ed 70 . 2 % of es ) ; interorbital distance narrow ( io 17 . 5 % of hl ) ; eye large ( ed 27 . 7 % of hl ) ; pupil rounded ; ear opening shallow , its greatest diameter dorsoventrally ; keeled scales around ear ; tympanum smaller than orbit ( tyd 54 . 8 % of ed ) ; one tubercle like spine above the tympanum separated from the tympanum by three smaller scale rows ; diameter of eyes greater than eye to ear distance ( ed 114 . 0 % tye ) ; forehead concave ; scales on snout keeled , larger in size those of occipital region and forehead ; scales on interorbital and supercillium area keeled ; nuchal crest continuous with dorsal crest and dorsal crest rudimentary , consist of 14 spines till the level of axilla ; rostral scale width much greater than its height , ventroposteriorly in contact with first supralabial , posteriorly in contact with three equal sized postrostral scales ; around nostrils on each side one supranasal , two postnasals , a prenasal and a subnasals ; among postnasals the upper one is larger ; nostrils oval located slightly more posterior in an undivided nasal plate ; canthus rostralis and supraciliary edges soft ; 8 canthus rostralis ; parietal plate larger than adjacent plates , 11 scales around the parietal plate ; mental subtriangular , lengthen posteriorly , the width and length of which equal , posteriolaterally in contact with two enlarged postmentals separated by a smaller scale with no contact between them ; each postmental pair bordered posteriorly by 3 smooth scales including the medial scale , but exclusive of infralabial . no gular pouch ; throat scales slightly keeled , bluntly pointed and overlaped ; mid gular scales slightly keeled , pointed and overlapped ; three scale rows separate orbit from supralabials ; supralabials 9 ( 7 th in mid orbit position ) ; infralabials 9 , decreasing in size towards gape ; ventral scales on the neck keeled , mucronate and overlapping .
body slender ( ag 48 . 8 % of svl ) ; mid dorsal scales equal , smooth , with pointed dorsal scales at midbody ; scales on dorsum at midbody smaller in size to those of venter at same level ; lateral body scales keeled , smaller than dorsals ; directed backwards and downwards ; 52 scales around the midbody ; pectoral scales not enlarged , keeled , pointed and overlapping ; abdominal scales partially and slightly carinate , and acuminate . keels forming regular and parallel continuous ventral ridges ; mid - ventral scale row , 78 .
forelimbs moderately short ( lal 20 . 0 % of svl , ual 16 . 5 % of svl ) ; hind limbs relatively long ( tbl 26 . 8 % of svl , fel 23 . 4 % of svl ) ; tibia comparatively long ( fel 88 . 3 % of tbl ) . dorsal scales on fore and hind limbs slightly keeled , overlapped ; ventral scales on upper and lower arm keeled , overlapped , and pointed ; scales on ventral surface of thigh strongly keeled , overlapped and pointed ; keels on tibia forming a series of continuous parallel ridges . digits elongate , slender , all bearing slightly recurved claws ; claws are sharp and elongate ; subdigital lamellae entire and regular , subdigital lamellae on the toe iv , 36 ; inter - digital webbing absent ; relative length of digits ( fingers ) 3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1 ; ( toes ) 4 > 3 > 5 > 2 > 1 .
tail complete ( 231 . 5 mm ) ; tail base swollen , ventral scales on tail base bluntly pointed , keeled , overlapped ; dorsal scales on tail pointed , elongate , overlapped , directed backwards , keels forming continuous parallel ridges ; tail with subcaudals elongated , median row not enlarged , keeled , and overlapped .
variation in female paratypes . dorsal crest consists of 5–13 spines up to the point of the axilla ; 7–9 scales on canthus rostralis ; supralabials , 8–11 ; infralabials , 8–10 ; mid - ventral scale row , 65–94 ; subdigital lamellae on the toe iv , 36–38 .
etymology . the species epithet is an eponym latinized in the genitive singular , honouring tilak rohan david pethiyagoda ( pethiyagoda , r . ) , a rolex awarded conservationist and the founder of the wildlife heritage trust of sri lanka ( wht ) , for his dedication and contribution to biodiversity conservation in sri lanka ; his leading contribution to herpetological and ichthyological explorations in the indian subcontinent ; and the great work he has done in order to restore and preserve the forests in the central highlands is highly commendable . his contributions are extremely important and they undoubtedly inform the many new taxonomists emerging out of india and sri lanka , especially at a time such as now when new taxonomists are very much in demand . suggested english name : pethiyagoda’s crestless lizard ; sinhala ( local ) name : pethiyagodagë nosilu katussa ; tamil ( local ) name : pethiyagodavin oonan .
. we have observed a number of live specimens ( not collected ) from riverstone ( 1200 m elevation ) , dotalugala ( ~ 1500 m elevation ) , gammaduwa ( ~ 900 m elevation ) , kobonilagala ( 1400 m elevation ) , rangala ( 1400 m elevation ) , cobet’s gap ( 1000 m elevation ) and thangappuwa near cobet’s gap ( 1000 m elevation ) of the knuckles massif .
species . the knuckles forest range is extremely wet throughout the year , with an average annual rainfall > 4000 mm , though the lower eastern slopes are much drier . most of the habitats had 50–65 % ( mean 57 . 7 ± 7 . 5 % ) canopy cover and the undergrowth consists of shrubs and herbs . the range of temperature and range of relative humidity are 25 . 5–26 . 8 °c ( mean 26 . 2 ± 0 . 7 °c ) and 65–74 % ( mean 69 . 0 ± 4 . 6 % ) , respectively . the evergreen submontane forests represent the major natural vegetation type in the riverstone area .
natural history . this species seems to be extremely rare , but we have observed higher numbers of this species in the ecotone than in the dense forest .
( see manamendra - arachchi et al . 2006 ; samarawickrama et al . 2006 ) . during the mid - day time , most individuals prefer to inhabit trees ( > 3 m from the ground level ) in shady areas , in the early morning and at night they are found on shrubs ( ~ 2 m ) . juveniles are usually found on shrubs ( ~ 1 m ) , especially basking in the sun between 9 : 00– 11 : 00 hr as bright sunlight is not very common in the knuckles . we observed predation on dragonflies , butterflies , and moths . this species is a fast moving agamid , well adapted to climbing trees and it also jumps from one shrub to another ( ~ 1 m distance ) . the ovipositional behaviour of
holotype . bmnh 1946 . 8 . 11 . 33 , adult male , svl 91 . 4 mm , collected from sri lanka by g . h . k . thwaites ; date unknown .
3353 ) , 78 . 8 mm svl , talawakelle - dickoya . male , ( bmnh 95 . 7 . 24 ) , 85 . 8 mm svl , pundaluoya . male , wht 6504 , 89 . 3 mm svl , agrapatanas . male , ( zsm
219 / 1981 ) , 90 . 1 mm svl , upcot ( 6 ° 46 ′ 56 ″n , 80 ° 37 ′ 32 ″e ) . female , wht 6503 , 79 . 3 mm svl , agrapatanas . female , ( wht 1667 ) , 86 . 8 mm svl , moray estate , rajamally . female , nmb
. an adult male , 91 . 4 mm svl ; head moderately large ( hl 35 . 3 % of svl ) , elongate ( hw 66 . 2 % of hl ) , narrow ( hw 23 . 4 % of svl ) , distinct from neck ; snout elongate ( es 22 . 0 % of hw ) ; eye diameter greater than snout length ( ed 183 . 0 % of es ) ; interorbital distance narrow ( io 14 . 5 % of hl ) ; eye large ( ed 26 . 6 % of hl ) ; pupil rounded ; ear opening shallow , its greatest diameter dorsoventrally , around ear with keeled scales , tympanum smaller than orbit ( tyd 57 . 0 % of ed ) ; two tubercle like spines above the tympanum separated from the tympanum by four smaller scale rows ; diameter of eyes greater than eye to ear distance ( ed 119 . 4 % tye ) ; forehead concave ; scales on snout smooth , similar in size to those of occipital region and forehead ; scales on interorbital and supercillium area smooth ; nuchal crest continuous with dorsal crest and dorsal crest rudimentary , consist of 14 spines till the level of axilla ; rostral scale with equal width and height , ventroposteriorly in contact with first supralabial , contacted posteriorly 3 equal sized postrostral scales , but exclusive of prenasals ; around nostrils on each side one supranasal , two postnasals , one prenasal and two subnasals ; among postnasals the lower one is larger ; nostrils oval located slightly more posterior in an undivided nasal plate ; canthus rostralis and supraciliary edges soft ; 8 scales on canthus rostralis ; parietal plate larger than adjacent plates , 11 scales around the parietal plate ; mental subtriangular , lengthen posteriorly , posteriolaterally in contact with two enlarged postmentals separated by a smaller scale preventing contact between them ; each postmental pair bordered posteriorly by 3 smooth scales including the medial scale , but exclusive of infralabial . gular pouch present ; throat scales keeled ; mid gular scales equal in size with those besides , strongly keeled , pointed and overlapping ; 3 scale rows separate orbit from supralabials ; supralabials 10 ( 8 th in mid orbit position ) on left side ; infralabials 9 , decreasing in size towards gape ; ventral scales on the neck keeled , pointed and overlapping .
body slender ( ag 45 . 8 % of svl ) ; mid dorsal scales equal , keeled , with pointed dorsal scales at midbody ; scales on dorsum at midbody larger in size with those of venter at same level ; lateral body scales slightly keeled , smaller than dorsals ; directed backwards and downwards ; 46 scales around midbody ; pectoral scales enlarged , carinate and overlapping ; abdominal scales completely and strongly carinate , and mucronate , not enlarged , pointed , overlapped with keels forming regular , parallel , continuous ventral ridges ; mid ventral scale row , 70 .
forelimbs moderately short ( lal 20 . 8 % of svl , ual 16 . 8 % of svl ) ; hind limbs relatively long ( tbl 24 . 6 % of svl , fel 64 . 1 % of svl ) ; tibia comparatively long ( fel 92 . 0 % of tbl ) . dorsal scales on fore and hind limbs slightly keeled , overlapped ; ventral scales on upper arm smooth and lower arm , keeled , overlapped , and pointed ; scales on ventral surface of thigh slightly keeled , overlapped and pointed ; keels on tibia forming a series of continuous parallel ridges . digits elongate , slender , all bearing slightly recurved claws ; claws are sharp and elongate ; subdigital lamellae entire and regular , subdigital lamellae on the toe iv , 32 ; inter - digital webbing absent ; relative length of digits ( fingers ) 4 ≥ 3 > 2 > 5 > 1 ; ( toes ) 4 > 3 > 5 > 2 > 1 .
tail complete ( 258 . 0 mm ) ; tail base swollen , ventral scales on tail base bluntly pointed , keeled , overlapped ; dorsal scales on tail pointed , not elongate , overlapped , directed backwards , keels forming continuous parallel ridges ; tail with subcaudals shortened , median row not enlarged , keeled , mucronate , overlapped .
colour in preserved specimen . head and dorsum bluish grey , posteriorly becomes brown ; six “v” shaped lighter sky blue markings on the body posteriorly becoming brown , the first marking on the neck reaches the eye which is black in colour , across the tympanum ; lighter cross marking on inter orbital ; spines black grey and pale white in colour ; limbs with darker 6–7 cross bars on each limb , but unclear markings on the hind limb ; throat and gular are a pale sky blue colour ; ventral surface of the limbs , pectoral region , abdomen , and ventral surface of tail pale white ; shoulder pit sky blue in colour ; dorsal surface of the tail base bright olive green and the rest pale grey .
. based on personal observations of five males ( not collected ) from peak wilderness ( 1500–1800 m elevations ) ; head and dorsum bright olive yellow , or light olive green , posteriorly becoming brown and grey ; six “v” shaped dark chocolate brown markings on the body , the first marking on the neck continues to sup under the eye across the tympanum ; black colour markings on the supranasals , temporal , supracilliars and inter orbital ; spines black and olive - yellow in colour ; limbs with dark brown 6–7 cross bars on each limb ; throat and gular pale white or very light sky bluish - white , with black , brown , grey colour with faint blotches ; ventral surface of the fore limbs bright olive yellow and pectoral region bright orange - yellow or completely brownish orange ; abdomen , ventral surface of thigh and ventral surface of tail are an off white colour with faint light brown markings ; tibia an off white colour with light brown cross bars on the ventral surface ; digits black with brownishgrey cross markings ; tail brown in colour and with grey and dark brown markings .
21097 has two medial scales ) ; supralabials , 9–10 ; infralabials , 9–10 ; 48–50 scales around the midbody ; ventrals , 64–79 ; subdigital lamellae on the toe iv , 27–32 .
description of female . ( based on wht 1667 ) . an adult female , 86 . 8 mm svl ; head moderately large ( hl 33 . 0 % of svl ) , elongate ( hw 59 . 1 % of hl ) , narrow ( hw 19 . 5 % of svl ) , distinct from neck ; snout elongate ( es 60 . 9 % of hw ) ; snout length greater than eye diameter ( ed 82 . 5 % of es ) ; interorbital distance narrow ( io 16 . 8 % of hl ) ; eye large ( ed 29 . 7 % of hl ) ; pupil rounded ; ear opening shallow , its greatest diameter dorsoventrally ; keeled scales around ear ; tympanum smaller than orbit ( tyd 42 . 3 % of ed ) ; two tubercle like spines above the tympanum separated from the tympanum by four smaller scale rows ; diameter of eyes greater than eye to ear distance ( ed 132 . 8 % tye ) ; forehead concave ; scales on snout smooth , similar in size those of occipital region and forehead ; scales on interorbital and supercillium area smooth ; nuchal crest continuous with dorsal crest and dorsal crest rudimentary , consist of 10 spines till the level of axilla ; rostral scale much wider than high , ventroposteriorly in contact with first supralabial , in contact posteriorly with four equal sized postrostral scales ; around nostrils on each side one supranasal , two postnasals , two prenasal and a subnasals ; the upper postnasals beings larger in size ; nostrils round are located posteriorly in undivided nasal plate ; canthus rostralis and supraciliary edges sharp ; 7 canthus rostralis ; parietal plate slightly larger than adjacent plates , 10 scales around the parietal plate ; mental subtriangular , lengthen posteriorly , about as long as wide , posteriolaterally in contact with two enlarged postmentals separated by a smaller scale with no contact between them ; each postmental pair bordered posteriorly by three smooth scales including the medial scale , but exclusive of infralabial . no gular pouch ; throat scales strongly keeled , bluntly pointed and overlaped ; mid gular scales strongly keeled , similar in size to those of adjacent , pointed and overlapped ; three scale rows separate orbit from supralabials ; supralabials 9 ( 7 th in mid orbit position ) ; infralabials 8 , decreasing in size towards gape ; ventral scales on the neck keeled , mucronate and overlapping .
body slender ( ag 52 . 6 % of svl ) ; mid dorsal scales equal , keeled , with pointed dorsal scales at midbody ; scales on dorsum at midbody larger in size to those of venter at the same level ; lateral body scales smooth , smaller than dorsals ; directed backwards and downwards ; 52 scales around the midbody ; pectoral scales not enlarged , keeled , pointed and overlapping ; abdominal scales partially and slightly carinate , and acuminate , and keels forming regular and parallel continuous ventral ridges ; ventrals , 78 .
forelimbs moderately short ( lal 19 . 5 % of svl , ual 17 . 8 % of svl ) ; hind limbs relatively long ( tbl 26 . 5 % of svl , fel 24 . 8 % of svl ) ; tibia comparatively long ( fel 93 . 5 % of tbl ) . dorsal scales on fore and hind limbs smooth , overlapped ; ventral scales on upper arm smooth and on lower arm keeled , overlapped , and pointed ; scales on ventral surface of thigh slightly keeled , overlapped and pointed ; keels on tibia forming a series of continuous parallel ridges . digits elongate , slender , all bearing slightly recurved claws ; claws are sharp and elongate ; subdigital lamellae entire and regular , subdigital lamellae on the toe iv , 36 ; inter - digital webbing absent ; relative length of digits ( fingers ) 3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1 ; ( toes ) 4 > 3 > 5 > 2 > 1 .
tail complete ( 231 . 5 mm ) ; tail base swollen , ventral scales on tail base bluntly pointed , keeled , overlapped ; dorsal scales on tail pointed , elongate , overlapped , directed backwards , keels forming continuous parallel ridges ; tail with subcaudals shortened , median row not enlarged , keeled , and overlapped .
variation of females . dorsal crest consists of 13 and 15 spines up to the point of the axilla ; 7 and 8 scales on canthus rostralis ; supralabials , 11 ; infralabials , 9 ; 44 and 53 scales around the midbody ; ventrals , 87 ; subdigital lamellae on the toe iv , 30 .
. we have observed live specimens ( not collected ) from madahinna ( ~ 1500 m elevation ) , haramitipana ( 1700 m elevation ) , and dharmaraja gala ( 1600 m elevation ) of the peak wilderness .
. most of the habitats had 60–70 % ( mean 62 . 4 ± 4 . 7 % ) canopy cover and the undergrowth consists of shrubs and herbs . average annual rainfall varies from 3 , 000–4 , 500 mm and the average annual temperature is 27 . 9 °c . the range of temperature and range of humidity were 26 . 4–28 . 6 °c ( mean 27 . 3 ± 0 . 5 °c ) and 66–78 % ( mean 71 . 4 ± 3 . 2 % ) , respectively .
natural history . this species also seems to be extremely rare , but we have observed higher numbers of this species in the ecotone than in the dense forest . in peak wilderness ( > 1400 m elevations ) ,


cancellaria cooperii , common name cooper 's nutmeg , is a species of medium-sized to large sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family cancellariidae , the nutmeg snails .

cancellaria cooperii

cancellaria cooperii gabb , 1865 . retrieved through : world register of marine species on 6 april 2010 .
j . b . o ' sullivan , r . r . mcconnaughey , and m . e . huber , a blood - sucking snail : the cooper ' s nutmeg , cancellaria cooperii gabb , parasitizes the california electric ray , torpedo californica ayres ( 1987 ) , biol . bull . 172 : 362 - 366
species cancellaria affinis c . b . adams , 1852 accepted as cancellaria ventricosa hinds , 1843
species cancellaria eburnaeformis reeve , 1856 accepted as cancellaria obesa g . b . sowerby i , 1832
subgenus cancellaria ( euclia ) h . adams & a . adams , 1854 represented as cancellaria lamarck , 1799
species cancellaria clathrata a . adams , 1855 accepted as cancellaria jayana keen , 1958 ( non lamarck , 1822 )
species cancellaria imperialis michelin , 1832 accepted as cancellaria ( euclia ) cassidiformis g . b . sowerby i , 1832
species cancellaria acuminata g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as cancellaria obesa g . b . sowerby i , 1832
species cancellaria cassidaeformis [ sic ] accepted as cancellaria ( euclia ) cassidiformis g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ( misspelling )
species cancellaria cretacea e . a . smith , 1899 accepted as cancellaria quasilla petit , 1987 accepted as nipponaphera quasilla ( petit , 1987 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of cancellaria cretacea nyst , 1881 )
species cancellaria imbricata r . b . watson , 1882 accepted as cancellaria africana petit , 1970 ( invalid : junior homonym of cancellaria imbricata m . hörnes , 1856 ; c . africana is a replacement name )
species cancellaria affinis reeve , 1856 ( non c . b . adams , 1852 ) accepted as cancellaria indentata g . b . sowerby i , 1832
» species cancellaria ( cancellaria ) similis g . b . sowerby i , 1833 accepted as bivetiella similis ( g . b . sowerby i , 1833 )
» species cancellaria ( euclia ) cassidiformis g . b . sowerby i , 1832
» species cancellaria ( habesolatia ) nodulifera g . b . sowerby i , 1825
» species cancellaria ( pyruclia ) bulbulus g . b . sowerby i , 1832
» species cancellaria ( pyruclia ) solida g . b . sowerby i , 1832
» species cancellaria ( admete ) carinata r . b . watson , 1882 represented as cancellaria carinata r . b . watson , 1882 accepted as zeadmete watsoni petit , 1970
cancellaria ( euclia ) h . adams & a . adams , 1854 · accepted , alternate representation
, invalid : junior primary homonym of cancellaria pusilla g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
species cancellaria costata g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as trigonostoma scala ( gmelin , 1791 ) ( invalid : junior homonym of cancellaria costata g . b . sowerby i , 1822 )
species cancellaria carinata r . b . watson , 1882 accepted as zeadmete watsoni petit , 1970 ( invalid : junior homonym of cancellaria carinata briart & cornet , 1877 ; zeadmete watsoni is a replacement name )
species cancellaria exquisita preston , 1905 accepted as fusiaphera macrospira ( a . adams & reeve , 1850 )
species cancellaria bifasciata deshayes , 1830 accepted as merica oblonga ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 )
species cancellaria costata g . b . sowerby i , 1822 accepted as bivetiella cancellata ( linnaeus , 1767 )
species cancellaria costifera g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as scalptia scalariformis ( lamarck , 1822 )
species cancellaria dalli bartsch , 1915 accepted as trigonostoma bullatum ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
species cancellaria eudeli g . b . sowerby iii , 1893 accepted as tribia angasi ( crosse , 1863 )
species cancellaria excavata g . b . sowerby ii , 1849 accepted as nevia spirata ( lamarck , 1822 )
species cancellaria forestieri montrouzier , 1863 accepted as scalptia contabulata ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
species cancellaria azumai ( habe , 1961 ) accepted as fusiaphera macrospira ( a . adams & reeve , 1850 )
species cancellaria exigua e . a . smith , 1891 accepted as brocchinia exigua ( e . a . smith , 1891 )
species cancellaria fischeri a . adams , 1860 accepted as brocchinia fischeri ( a . adams , 1860 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria japonica e . a . smith , 1879 accepted as neadmete japonica ( e . a . smith , 1879 )
species cancellaria brevis g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as trigonostoma breve ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
species cancellaria bullata g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as trigonostoma bullatum ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
species cancellaria constifera g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as scalptia scalariformis ( lamarck , 1822 ) ( incorrect subsequent spelling )
species cancellaria goniostoma g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as trigonostoma goniostoma ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
species cancellaria granosa g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as sydaphera granosa ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
species cancellaria decussata nyst , 1838 ( non sowerby , 1832 ) accepted as merica oblonga ( g . b . sowerby i , 1825 )
» species cancellaria ( hertleinia ) mitriformis g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as hertleinia mitriformis ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
» species cancellaria ( bivetiella ) pulchra g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as bivetiella pulchra ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
» species cancellaria ( bivetopsia ) chrysostoma g . b . sowerby i , 1832 represented as bivetopsia chrysostoma ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 )
species cancellaria articularis g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as scalptia articularis ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria clavatula g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as narona clavatula ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria contabulata g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as scalptia contabulata ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria crenifera g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as scalptia crenifera ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria crispa g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as scalptia crispa ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria elegans g . b . sowerby i , 1822 accepted as merica elegans ( g . b . sowerby i , 1822 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria foveolata g . b . sowerby ii , 1849 accepted as scalptia foveolata ( g . b . sowerby ii , 1849 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria haemastoma g . b . sowerby i , 1832 accepted as bivetopsia haemastoma ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ) ( original combination )
subgenus cancellaria ( aphera ) h . adams & a . adams , 1854 accepted as aphera h . adams & a . adams , 1854 ( original rank )
subgenus cancellaria ( massyla ) h . adams & a . adams , 1854 accepted as massyla h . adams & a . adams , 1854 ( original rank )
subgenus cancellaria ( merica ) h . adams & a . adams , 1854 accepted as merica h . adams & a . adams , 1854 ( original rank )
subgenus cancellaria ( narona ) h . adams & a . adams , 1854 accepted as narona h . adams & a . adams , 1854 ( original rank )
species cancellaria chrysostoma ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ) accepted as bivetopsia chrysostoma ( g . b . sowerby i , 1832 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria fulva y . c . lee & t . c . lan , 2002 accepted as sydaphera fulva ( y . c . lee & t . c . lan , 2002 ) ( original combination )
species cancellaria gigantea y . c . lee & t . c . lan , 2002 accepted as merica gigantea ( y . c . lee & t . c . lan , 2002 ) ( original combination )
mclean j . h . ( 1996 ) . the prosobranchia . in : taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the santa maria basin and western santa barbara channel . the mollusca part 2 – the gastropoda . santa barbara museum of natural history . volume 9 : 1 - 160 . [ details ]
hemmen j . ( 2007 ) recent cancellariidae . annotated and illustrated catalogue of recent cancellariidae . privately published , wiesbaden . 428 pp . [ with amendments and corrections taken from petit r . e . ( 2012 ) a critique of , and errata for , recent cancellariidae by jens hemmen , 2007 . conchologia ingrata 9 : 1 - 8 . urltoken [ details ]
turgeon , d . ; quinn , j . f . ; bogan , a . e . ; coan , e . v . ; hochberg , f . g . ; lyons , w . g . ; mikkelsen , p . m . ; neves , r . j . ; roper , c . f . e . ; rosenberg , g . ; roth , b . ; scheltema , a . ; thompson , f . g . ; vecchione , m . ; williams , j . d . ( 1998 ) . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd ed . american fisheries society special publication , 26 . american fisheries society : bethesda , md ( usa ) . isbn 1 - 888569 - 01 - 8 . ix , 526 + cd - rom pp . ( look up in imis ) page ( s ) : 102 [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
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the following is a representative barcode sequence , the centroid of all available sequences for this species . there is 1 barcode sequence available from bold and genbank .
below is the sequence of the barcode region cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 ( coi or cox1 ) from a member of the species .
this section is empty . you can help by adding to it . ( april 2010 )
this nutmeg snail occurs in the eastern pacific ocean from monterey , california to san benito island , in central baja california , mexico .
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this species is an ectoparasite that parasitizes the pacific electric ray , torpedo californica , and perhaps other benthic fishes . cooper ' s nutmeg is uncommonly found , offshore , on sandy substrate .
this nutmeg snail occurs in the eastern pacific ocean from monterey , california to san benito island , in central baja california , mexico .
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lamarck [ j . - b . m . de ] 1799 . prodrome d ' une nouvelle classification des coquilles , comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères géneriques , et l ' établissement d ' un grand nombre de genres nouveaux . mémoires de la société d ' histoire naturelle de paris , 1 : 63 - 91 , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 71 [ details ]
gofas , s . ; le renard , j . ; bouchet , p . ( 2001 ) . mollusca . in : costello , m . j . et al . ( eds ) , european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . patrimoines naturels . 50 : 180 - 213 . ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
( of progabbia dall , 1918 ) hemmen j . ( 2007 ) recent cancellariidae . annotated and illustrated catalogue of recent cancellariidae . privately published , wiesbaden . 428 pp . [ with amendments and corrections taken from petit r . e . ( 2012 ) a critique of , and errata for , recent cancellariidae by jens hemmen , 2007 . conchologia ingrata 9 : 1 - 8 . urltoken [ details ]
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munidopsis polymorpha is a species of squat lobster ( also known as the blind albino cave crab ) that is endemic to lanzarote , canary islands .

they are small , blind and pale , and can be found in the caves of jameos del agua , in lava tubes formed by volcanic eruptions 3,000 years ago .

ovigerous females carry only two eggs which are relatively big in contrast to the numerous small eggs in other anomuran crustaceans .

it is the animal symbol of the island of lanzarote .

munidopsis polymorpha

elza pap added the english common name
blind albino cave crab
to
munidopsis polymorpha
.
wilkens _ parzefall _ ribowski _ 1990 _ population biology and larvae of the anchialine crab munidopsis polymorpha . pdf
maggie whitson changed the thumbnail image of
file : munidopsis polymorpha ( blind albino crab ) ( martyx ) . jpg
.
. . . larvae of the abbreviated type include the chirostylid chirostylus and possibly gastroptychus and uroptychus , which hatch out in an advanced stage , and the munidopsid genus munidopsis . the newly laboratory - hatched zoeae of two munidopsids , munidopsis polymorpha and m . serricornis , are not active and demersal , with swimmerets not fully functional ; they undergo moulting to the next zoea without feeding ( samuelsen 1972 ; wilkens et al . 1990 ) . wilkens et al . ( 1990 ) reported that the last ( second ) zoea of munidopsis polymorpha moulted into a small crab , and suggested that the megalopal stage may be skipped in that species . . . .
wilkens , h . ; parzefall , l . ; ribowski , a . ( 1990 ) . population biology and larvae of the anchialine crab munidopsis polymorpha ( galatheidae ) from lanzarote ( canary islands ) . journal of crustacean biology , 10 , 667 - 676 [ details ]
insights into life - history traits of munidopsis spp . ( anomura : munidopsidae ) from hydrothermal vent fields in the okinawa trough , in comparison with the existing data
. . . s and uroptychus , which hatch out in an advanced stage , and the munidopsid genus munidopsis . the newly laboratory - hatched zoeae of two munidopsids , munidopsis polymorpha and m . serricornis , are not active and demersal , with swimmerets not fully functional ; they undergo moulting to the next zoea without feeding ( samuelsen 1972 ; wilkens et al . 1990 ) . wilkens et al . ( 1990 ) reported that the last ( second ) zoea of munidopsis polymorpha moulted into a small crab , and suggested that the megalopal stage may be skipped in that species . however , clark and ng ( 2008 ) claimed that the ' crab ' was probably a megalop because no records are available in the literature indicating that zoeae metamorphose directly to the . . .
. . . for ovigerous females , there are some additional data on body and egg sizes and depth of occurrence in the catalogues by baba et al . ( 2008 ) and by kilgour and shirley ( 2014 ) . in the laboratory , munidopsis serricornis and m . polymorpha showed abbreviated larval development and their larvae were lecithotrophic ( samuelsen , 1972 ; wilkens et al . , 1990 ) . here , we examine the reproductive attributes of two munidopsis spp . . . .
. . . by contrast , larval development of munidopsis serricornis ( lovén , 1852 ) , a munidopsid , has long been known to be abbreviated , indicating a shorter larval period ( gurney 1942 ) , and larvae likely remain near parental stocks ( thorson 1950 ) . in perhaps the most extreme case , the very large larvae of the unique anchialine species , munidopsis polymorpha are unable to swim ( wilkens et al . 1990 ) . eggs sizes in munidopsis are comparable to those of the chirostylid uroptychus ( wenner 1982 ; van dover & williams 1991 ) , and it can be postulated that both of these genera have abbreviated larval development . . . .
cabezas , p . ; bloor , p . ; acevedo , i . ; toledo , c . ; calvo , m . ; macpherson , e . ; machordom , a . ( 2008 ) . development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the endangered anchialine squat lobster munidopsis polymorpha . conservation genetics , 10 ( 3 ) , 673 - 676 [ details ]
biology munidopsis is an opportunistic omnivore , feeding on detritus , diatoms , or dead animals . these animals are negatively phototactic and can be found hiding in crevices and under rocks during periods of the day when portions of the caves are illuminated . during the night , m . polymorpha come out to feed , and at this time densities can reach higher than 150 individuals per square meter in jameos del agua . munidopsis is territorial , basing individual territories according to the length of their second antenna , giving each individual sufficient room to graze . when an individual invades another’s territory , its presence is detected by their antennae and the invader is aggressively attacked with extended chelipeds . [ details ]
the authors thank the gobierno de canarias and cabildo de lanzarote for permission to collect samples of munidopsis polymorpha . we are also very grateful to the staff at the complejo de los jameos del agua for their assistance during fieldwork . we also thank ricardo garcía for assistance in the lab . and finally we thank fernando alda for his valuable comments on the manuscript . this study was funded by mec project ctm2004 - 01769 . pc was supported by a grant from the consejo superior de investigaciones científicas ( csic ) .
. . . although isolated specimens have been observed in the cueva de los lagos lagoon , and other saline wells 5 km away from the cave system ( martínez garcía et al . , 2009 ) , the existence of additional stable populations is unlikely . larval development in m . polymorpha is lecitotrophic , with two zoeal stages , both of which are practically incapable of locomotion ( wilkens et al . , 1990 ; baba et al . , 2011 ) . sporadic dispersal events via oceanic routes have been reported in other anchialine species ( santos 2006 ) , but given the brief larval development process in m . polymorpha , dispersion over long distances is improbable . . . .
. . . it is apparent from table 4 . 1 that fecundity ( number of eggs per clutch ) is significantly larger in smallegg species than in large - egg species : the greatest clutch size of the small - egg species pleuroncodes monodon is 33 966 eggs ( palma and arana 1997 ) , whereas that of the large - egg species galacantha rostrata is 156 eggs ( wenner 1982 ) . generally , clutch size increases according to body size ( van dover and williams 1991 ) ; the fact is also apparent in munidopsis polymorpha ( wilkens et al . 1990 ) , munida gregaria ( dellatorre and gonzálezpisani 2010 ; tapella et al . 2002a ) , pleuroncodes monodon ( palma and arana 1997 ) and galathea squamifera ( pike 1947 ) . body size ( indicative of space to accommodate eggs beneath the abdomen ) is critical to small specimens . . . .
. . . egg numbers may be higher in larger females of m . ryukyuensis ( baba et al . , 2011 ) . increased clutch size as a function of body size was observed in m . polymorpha ( wilkens et al . , 1990 ) . it is also possible that m . longispinosa has delayed sexual maturity , producing a high number of eggs once adult size is reached . . . .
. . . m 22 in the jameos del agua pool ( wilkens and parzefall , 1974 ) . however , more recent studies have witnessed a decline in the species , since the construction of a tourist resort in the area ( wilkens et al . , 1990 ; espino and herrera , 2002 ) . unfortunately , the lack of systematic census data and the inconsistency of the methods applied in past studies preclude reliable comparisons and valid assessment of m . polymorpha population trends . . . .
. . . other vent - associated species in manus basin ( [ 11 ] , van dover laboratory , unpublished data ) . the 96 . 4 % dominance of a single coi haplotype in m . lauensis contrasts with that of other species from western pacific deep - sea hydrothermal vents [ 16 ] but is consistent with that of m . polymorpha from an anchialine pool in the canary islands [ 65 ] . a low coi mutation rate is characteristic of related squat lobsters [ 60 , 66 ] . . . .
. . . there appears to be a striking preference for fully lecithotrophic larval development in the lithodidae ( king crabs ) , in particular in cold - water and deep - sea lineages of the group ( hall & thatje 2009 ) . furthermore , there is evidence that larval lecithotrophy may also be more common in some species of deep - sea munidopsidae of the genus munidopsis ( wilkens et al . 1990 , van dover & wil liams 1991 ) . the anomuran squat lobster k . tyleri be longs to the family kiwaidae within the superfamily chirostyloidea ( for discussion , see also schnabel & ahyong 2011 , roterman et al . 2013 ) . . . .
. . . sporadic dispersal events via oceanic routes have been reported in other anchialine species ( santos 2006 ) , but given the brief larval development process in m . polymorpha , dispersion over long distances is improbable . moreover , adult stages show low vagility and usually feed in the same territory ( lovrich and thiel , 2011 ; wilkens et al . , 1990 ) . the lack of genetic structure suggests high connectivity on a very local scale within the corona lava tube , along with rare , random , sporadic short - distance dispersal events through the groundwater systems of the island . . . .
koelbel , c . ( 1892 ) beitraege zur kenntnis der crustaceen der canarischen inseln . annalen des naturhistorischen museums in wien , 7 , 105–116 , pl . 10 . [ details ]
türkay , m . ( 2001 ) . decapoda , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 284 - 292 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
wilkens , h . ; parzefall , j . ; iliffe , t . m . ( 1986 ) . origin and age of the marine stygofauna of lanzarote , canary islands . mitteilungen aus dem hamburgischen zoologischen museum und institut , hamburg . 83 : 223 - 230 . [ details ]
baba , k . , macpherson , e . , poore , g . , ahyong , s . , bermudez , a . , cabezas , p . , lin , c . , nizinski , m . , rodrigues , c . & schnabel , k . ( 2008 ) . catalogue of squat lobsters of the world ( crustacea : decapoda : anomura - families chirostylidae , galatheidae and kiwaidae ) . zootaxa . 1905 , 220 pp . [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
wilkens , h . , j . parzefall , o . ocaña , & a . l . medina . 1993 . la fauna de unos biotopos anquialinos en lanzarote ( i . vanarias ) . - - mémoires de biospéologie 20 : 283 - 285 . [ details ]
martínez , a . ; palmero , a . m . ; brito , m . d . c . ; núñez , j . ; worsaae , k . ( 2009 ) . anchialine fauna of the corona lava tube ( lanzarote , canary islands ) : diversity , endemism and distribution . marine biodiversity . 39 ( 3 ) : 169 - 182 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
martínez , a . , gonzalez , b . c . , núñez , j . , wilkens , h . , oromí , p . , iliffe , t . m . , worsaae , k . ( 2016 ) . guide to the anchialine ecosystems of jameos del agua and túnel de la atlántida . centro de publicaciones del munisterio de agricultura , alimentación y medio ambiente . [ details ]
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. . . su presencia en ambientes extremos está dada por su amplia plasticidad fisiológica por ser tolerantes a bajas concentraciones de oxígeno ( quetin y childress , 1976 ; burd , 1985 ) y algunas de ellas pueden ser oxireguladoras ( zainal et al . , 1992 ) . algunas especies pueden sobrevivir en anaerobiosis por 12 h ( childress , 1975 ) , permitiendo su supervivencia en zonas de mínimo oxígeno como las que ocurren en el margen oriental del pacífico , asociadas a eventos de surgencia ( childress y seibel , 1998 ) o en fiordos profundos ( burd , 1985 ) . en los venteos hidrotermales la tolerancia a los cambios de temperatura y ph del medio son muy altos , ya que en pocos metros la temperatura puede cambiar 20°c ( marsh et al . , 2015 ) . la presencia de otras especies en ambientes anquialinos también supone tolerancia amplia a los cambios de salinidad ( wilkens et al . , 1990 ) . el grupo que genéricamente también se conoce como galateidos son principalmente bentónicos , aunque unas pocas especies forman
cardúmenes
, y habitan prácticamente todos los ambientes marinos , plataformas continentales , borde de talud y profundidades marinas . . . .
. . . these patterns have been explained addressing cave colonization events during the miocene and followed by tectonic vicariance ( iliffe et al . 1984 ; wilkens et al . 1986 ; humphreys 2000 ) , often with extinction of the marine ancestral populations . other cave lineages belong to groups that are otherwise exclusively communicated by m . schratzberger known from the deep sea , such as certain sponges ( vacelet et al . 1994 ; vacelet and boury - esnault 1995 ; vacelet 2006 ) , annelids ( pettibone 1985 ; núñez et al . 1997 ; martínez et al . 2013 ; martínez et al . 2014 martínez et al . , 2016 gonzález et al . 2015 ) and crustaceans ( wilkens et al . 1990 ; ahyong et al . 2011 ; iglikowska and boxshall 2013 ) . in these cases , cave colonization might be facilitated by the ecological similarities between caves and the deep sea . . . .
. . . these patterns have been explained addressing cave colonization events during the miocene and followed by tectonic vicariance ( iliffe et al . 1984 ; wilkens et al . 1986 ; humphreys 2000 ) , often with extinction of the marine ancestral populations . other cave lineages belong to groups that are otherwise exclusively communicated by m . schratzberger known from the deep sea , such as certain sponges ( vacelet et al . 1994 ; vacelet and boury - esnault 1995 ; vacelet 2006 ) , annelids ( pettibone 1985 ; núñez et al . 1997 ; martínez et al . 2013 ; martínez et al . 2014martínez et al . , 2016gonzález et al . 2015 ) and crustaceans ( wilkens et al . 1990 ; ahyong et al . 2011 ; iglikowska and boxshall 2013 ) . in these cases , cave colonization might be facilitated by the ecological similarities between caves and the deep sea . . . .
. . . mean egg volumes were 4 mm 3 for both species . the similarity in egg volumes despite the difference in body size between m . longispinosa and m . ryukyuenesis could be related partly to maternal body size ( wilkens et al . , 1990 ; ) . egg numbers may be higher in larger females of m . ryukyuensis ( baba et al . , 2011 ) . . . .
. . . these tubes were formed by eruptions of the volcano monte corona during the holocene . there are some studies on its occurrence and population biology ( wilkens et al . , 1990 and references cited therein ) . koelbel ( 1892 ) described the species based on numerous specimens collected in the tube jameos del agua , emphasizing the variability of the rostrum shape ( see figs . 2a and 3a ) . . . .
speciation of cavernicolous fishes : comparative studies of two american synbranchidae ( pisces , teleo . . .
1 . the synbranchide synbranchus marmoratus , which is widespread in middle and south america , is compared with its eye - and pigment - reduced yucatan cave derivative furmastix infernalis with special reference to the sense organs . 2 . the structure of noses and cephalic lateral line systems of both forms is not different . the number of free neuromasts and taste buds is enhanced in f . . . . [ show full abstract ]
lanzarote in the canary islands has of one of the world ' s longest lava tubes . this volcanic cave begins at the base of the volcano monte corona , continues 7 km down the island slope , and finally crosses the coastline where it is inundated by the atlantic ocean . the last section of the lava tube , more than 1400 m in length , ranks as the world ' s longest underwater volcanic cave . a particularly . . . [ show full abstract ]
untersuchungen über den einfluss sozialer vorerfahrung auf das aggressionsverhalten und die steroidt . . .
an assemblage of endemic cavernicolous marine invertebrates , including taxa found on both sides of the atlantic ocean of great phylogenetic age or with affinities to deep sea organisms , inhabits the jameos del agua cave , a sea waterflooded holocene lava tube cave on lanzarote in the canary islands . this marine cave contains both relicts from tethyan times , such as an apparently new crustacean . . . [ show full abstract ]
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database contains : 10 . 643 species ( 763 with photo ) , 1 . 682 genera , 124 families
brownstein mj , carpten jd , smith jr ( 1996 ) modulation of non - templated nucleotide addition by taq dna polymerase : primer modifications that facilitate genotyping . biotechniques 20 : 1004–1010
frankham r , ballou jd , briscoe da ( 2002 ) introduction to conservation genetics . cambridge university press , cambridge
gonzález - pérez ja ( 1995 ) catálogo de los crustáceos decápodos de las islas canarias . turquesa , santa cruz de tenerife
holthuis lb ( 1973 ) caridean shrimp found in land - locked salt - water pools at four indo - west pacific localities ( sinai peninsula , funafuti atoll , maui and hawai islands ) , with the description of one new genus and four new species . zool verh 128 : 1–48
iliffe tm ( 2000 ) anchialine cave biology . in : wilkens h , culver dc , humphreys wf ( eds ) ecosystems of the world 30 subterranean ecosystems . elsevier science , amsterdam , pp 59–76
peakall r , smouse pe ( 2006 ) genalex 6 : genetic analysis in excel . population genetic software for teaching and research . mol ecol notes 6 : 288–295
raymond m , rousset f ( 1995 ) genepop ( version 1 . 2 ) : population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism . j hered 86 : 248–249
refseth uh , fangan bm , jakobsen ks ( 1997 ) hybridization capture of microsatellites directly from genomic dna . electrophoresis 18 : 1519–1523
rice wr ( 1989 ) analyzing tables of statistical tests . evolution 43 : 223–225
rozen s , skaletsky h ( 2000 ) primer3 on the www for general users and for biologist programmers . in : misener s , krawetz s ( eds ) bioinformatics methods and protocols . humana press , totowa , new jersey , pp 365–386
schuelke m ( 2000 ) an economic method for the fluorescent labeling of pcr fragments . nat biotechnol 18 : 233–234
templado j , calvo m , garvía a , luque aa , maldonado m , moro l ( 2004 ) guía de invertebrados y peces marinos protegidos por la legislación nacional e internacional . ministerio de medio ambiente , madrid


crocanthes glycina is a species of moth of the lecithoceridae family .

it is found in australia , where it has been recorded from victoria , the australian capital territory and tasmania .

the wingspan is 15-17 mm .

the forewings are pale clear yellow with bronzy-fuscous markings , with purplish reflections .

there is a costal streak from the base to the middle , attenuated posteriorly and a moderate postmedian fascia parallel to the termen , the anterior edge irregular and finely blackish-margined , strongly or only suffusedly connected on the costa with a moderate terminal fascia , sometimes almost connected on the tornus also .

the hindwings are grey , darker posteriorly and with a darker transverse discal mark .

crocanthes glycina

crocanthes glycina ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 259
1 . springtime 2009 herastrau , 2 . springtime 2009 herastrau , 3 . zambile , 4 . red flowers - herastrau , 5 . white magnolia , 6 . tulips & daffodils - herastrau , 7 . button flower , 8 . wax cherry tree flowers - herastrau , 9 . nice colour , 10 .
forget - me - not
, 11 . glycina flowers in herastrau , 12 . pink flower , 13 . pink rose , 14 . red rose , 15 . rose , 16 . roses , 17 . last summer , 18 . flower , 19 . flowers , 20 . rose , 21 . orange summer flower , 22 . purple flowers , 23 . red , 24 . last summer , 25 . novembre - the last rose
crocanthes thiomorpha turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 174
crocanthes doliopa meyrick , 1921 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 14 ) : 434 ; tl : queensland , cairns
crocanthes venustula turner , 1933 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 179
crocanthes aulodocha ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 265
crocanthes chordotona meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 592 ; tl : queensland , townsville
crocanthes ( crocanthinae ) ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 258
crocanthes sceletopa meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 445 ; tl : moluccas , amboina
crocanthes zonodesma lower , 1900 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 25 ( 1 ) : 50
crocanthes characotis meyrick , 1916 ; exot . microlep . 1 ( 19 ) : 592 ; tl : north australia , port darwin
crocanthes temeraria meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 443 ; tl : new guinea , aroa
crocanthes anactostola ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 264
crocanthes temeraria ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 264
crocanthes leucodonta ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 265
crocanthes fallax ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 265
crocanthes celema ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 266
crocanthes xanthistia meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 73 ; tl : upper setekwa , dutch new guinea
crocanthes xanthistia ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 266
crocanthes hecuba meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 74 ; tl : hydrographer mtns , papua new guinea
crocanthes hecuba ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 266
crocanthes phoenoteles meyrick , 1929 ; exot . microlep . 3 ( 17 ) : 519 ; tl : british new guinea , kumusi r .
crocanthes phoenoteles ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 268
crocanthes rhodantha ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 268
crocanthes platycitra ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 268
crocanthes thalamectis ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 268
crocanthes symmochlopa ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 268
crocanthes sceletopa ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 268
crocanthes scioxantha meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 443 ; tl : new guinea , fakfak , 1700ft
crocanthes scioxantha ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 268
crocanthes sphecotypa meyrick , 1933 ; bull . mus . hist . nat . belg . 9 ( 34 ) : 1 ; tl : celebes
crocanthes sphecotypa ; [ nhm card ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 269
crocanthes thermobapta lower , 1920 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . aust . 44 : 65 ; tl : mackay , queensland
crocanthes epitherma lower , 1896 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 20 : 170 ; tl : mackay , queensland
crocanthes microdelpha [ sic , recte micradelpha ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 261
crocanthes crypsicola [ sic , recte crypsichola ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 266
crocanthes prasinopis meyrick , 1886 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1886 ( 3 ) : 277 ; tl : port moresby , new guinea
crocanthes platycitra meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 73 ; tl : biagi , mambra r . , new guinea
crocanthes acroxantha lower , 1896 ; trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 20 : 170 ; tl : mackay ; rockhampton , queensland
crocanthes prasinopis ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 259
crocanthes zonodesma ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 259
crocanthes thermobapta ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 260
crocanthes halurga meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 399 ; tl : duaringa , queensland
crocanthes halurga ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 260
crocanthes perigrapta ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 260
crocanthes acroxantha ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 260
crocanthes epitherma ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 260
crocanthes thiomorpha ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 261
crocanthes doliopa ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 261
crocanthes diula meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 398 ; tl : duaringa , queensland
crocanthes diula ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 262
crocanthes characotis ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 262
crocanthes chordotona ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 262
crocanthes venustula ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 262
crocanthes trizona ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 264
crocanthes sidonia ; [ nhm card ] ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 264
crocanthes susuensis park , 2015 ; j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 265 ; tl : papua new guinea , madang , 150m
crocanthes crypsichola durrant , 1915 ; in rothschild & durrant , lep . b . o . u . exp . new guinea : 165 ; tl : wataikwa river
crocanthes hagenensis park , 2015 ; j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 266 ; tl : png , madang , brahman mission 200m
crocanthes anactostola diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : mist camp , papua
crocanthes aulodocha meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 98 ; tl : new guinea , upper setekwa r . , snow mts , 2000 - 3000ft
crocanthes celema durrant , 1915 ; in rothschild & durrant , lep . b . o . u . exp . new guinea : 152 ; tl : utakwa river , 3000ft
crocanthes rhodantha meyrick , 1918 ; exotic microlep . 2 ( 4 ) : 97 ; tl : new guinea , upper setekwa r . , snow mts , 2000 - 3000ft
crocanthes gracilosa park , 2015 ; j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 261 ; tl : papua new guinea , madang , brahman mission , 200m
crocanthes leucodonta diakonoff , 1954 ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 35 ; tl : araucaria rattan camp , new guinea
crocanthes sidonia meyrick , 1910 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1910 : 442 ; tl : new guinea , st . aignan i . , sudest i . , sariba i . ; qeensland , cairns
légumineuses avoko . voavaky . \ tsorokanangatra . rosacées 1
halobagées i ii lïthrariacées | tuivnéracées |
cucurbitacées | _ , ( aferontanv . pobtulacees | ^ , , raivolisoka . umbelliferï loviaiitsahona . tsilongotramboabe , i rubiacées i keliomandra . taml ) akouibaka . composées ( trebolrcbonamboabe . 3ioloinoto . aiiampozalahy . anampozanvavy . ariandro . i henbes . ( suite . ) desmodhim mauritianuin . desniodium trijloruin . desmodium harbatum . desmodium barbatum var . emirnense . desmodium barbalum var . nummularœfouum . desmodium incanum , desmodixim lasiocarpum . desmodium hirtum . glycina lyallii . vigna angivensis . dolicjios axillaris . cassia occidenlalis . alchemilla bifurcata . serpicula repens . ammamica cryptanthii . rotala pusilla , hyalocaîyx daîleizetlii . citrullus parvifolius . melothr ine rutenbergiana . mouugo medicaulis . molhigo spei ^ guln . hydrocotyle sibthorpioides . hydrocotyle asiatica . hydrocotyle ficarioides . ) hydrocotyle superposita . \ phellolophiiim madagasca - \ riense . \ * spermacoce ocymoides . \ * spermacoce stricta . \ * etlmha conyzoides . ) veriionia madagascariensis . \ vernon / a cinerea . \ elephantopus scaba . ) * ageratum conyzoides . dicrocephalia latifolia . gr an géra maderaspatame . conyza a mp lexica ulis . conyza hirtella . conyza beludifolia . laggera alata . pterocauhn bojeri . partout . lieu . \ endroits un peu om - bragés . partout . lieux secs . griujpante . un peu par - tout . talus des rizières . digues . terres cnllivces . lieux frais , humides . rizières . rizières et lieux hu - mides . lieux sablonneux , secs . lieux secs . çh et \ h . lieux sablonneux , cul - tivés . rizières , lieux maréca - geux . lieux frais . lieux marécageux . près des cours d ' eau . lieux ombragés . lieux secs . lieux ombragés . terres meubles . rizières sèches . terres cultivées . talus des rizières . un peu partout .
crocanthes perigrapta meyrick , 1904 ; proc . linn . soc . n . s . w . 29 ( 2 ) : 402 ; tl : duaringa , brisbane , queensland ; glen innes ( 3500ft ) , new castle ; sydney , new south wales
a new subfamily , crocanthinae n . subf . , is proposed for crocanthes meyrick and its allies , which have been considered as a monophyletic group with a unique genital character—an absent or remarkably reduced gnathos in the male genitalia . the subfamily includes aprosoesta turner , lamprista park , pacificulla park , hannara park , and gonaepa walker . aprosoesta turner st . rev . is resurrected as a valid genus with highly specialized characters . in this paper , five new species of aprosoesta , a . subpancala sp . nov . , a . cordispina sp . nov . , a . strombiana sp . nov . , a . vinnula sp . nov . , and a . eremitatos sp . nov . , and three new species of crocanthes , c . gracilosa sp . nov . , c . susuensis sp . nov . , and c . hagenensis sp . nov . , are described from papua new guinea or papua , indonesia as new to science . consequently , 11 species of the genus aprosoesta , 37 species of crocanthes , two species of hannara , three species of lamprista , 23 species of pacificulla , and six species of gonaepa , are recognized . the genus aprosoesta is divided into two species - groups : the pancala species - group and the vinnula species - group , and the genus crocanthes is divided into four species - groups : the parsinopis species - group , the characotis species - group , the anacostola species - group , and the leucodonta species - group , with 12 species not assigned to these species - groups . in addition , 18 new combinations and two synonyms of species are proposed .
the adult moths of this species are yellow with a dark brown area on the outer third of each forewing containing a yellow patch . the hindwings are plain brown the moths have a wingspan of about 1 . 5 cms .
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urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 1e2832ab - 9cdb - 472c - bf2a - 1574c7336698
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 716b30df - 16d6 - 406e - 9c42 - 0a8972f184a3
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : bf08dca9 - 4d19 - 4542 - a449 - 07bd1280b10c
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 305c1e34 - 5aec - 49da - 8ba7 - 2f7c233352fa
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 340711
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prasinopis ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 259
gelechia micradelpha lower , 1897 ; trans . r . soc . s . aust . 21 : 56 ; tl : broken hill , n . s . w
characotis ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 262
= ; [ aucl ] ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 264
anacostola ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 264
leucodonta ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 264
neptis ( diakonoff , 1954 ) ( sphenocrates ) ; verh . k . akad . wet . amst . ( 2 ) 50 ( 1 ) : 40 ; tl : new guinea
unassigned ; park , 2015 , j . asia - pacif . biodiv . 8 ( 4 ) : 266
thalamectis meyrick , 1931 ; exotic microlep . 4 ( 2 - 4 ) : 75
sangmi lee , richard brown & sibyl bucheli . gelechioidea - a global framework ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
microlepidoptera of new guinea , results of the third archbold expedition ( american - netherlands indian expedition 1938 - 1939 ) . part iv
on some oriental lepidoptera collected by h . r . h . prince leopold of belgium in 1932
turner , 1933 new australian lepidoptera trans . proc . r . soc . s . austr . 57 : 159 - 182
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
flor de la glicina , . . . . . ( close up + 2 + 3 ) - ayer : 60º f
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illustrations of adults of all known species , with few exceptions , and genitalia of all new species and previously known species , where available , are provided . a key to the species for the species - groups and genera , and a world catalogue of the subfamily are given .
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