amphilinidea ( amphilinid ) is the name given to an order of parasitic flatworms of the phylum platyhelminthes .

amphilinids are commonly viewed as tapeworms , yet differ from true tapeworms ( eucestoda ) as their bodies are unsegmented and not divided with proglottids .

" amphilinids are large worms which have a flattened leaf-like body .

only 8 amphilinid species are known . "

" the adults are hermaphroditic .

a muscular proboscis is located at the anterior end , and is sometimes very weakly developed or absent . "

they live in the body cavities of freshwater turtles and teleost fish as adults , and in the bodies of various crustaceans as juveniles .

apart from a little studied parasitism of sturgeon , these flatworms have very little economic importance .

biologically , they have gained attention for their potential to shed light on the phylogeny of tapeworms .

amphilinidea

kento furui added the japanese common name
両網目
to
amphilinidea
.
1922 . zur kenntnis der amphilinidea . zoologischer anzeiger 54 : 276 - 287 .
phylogeny of amphilinidea ( single family amphilinidae ) ( according to bandoni and brooks , 1987 ) . see section on synonyms for alternative nomenclature .
1982 . [ paraitic worms of the class amphilinidea . ] trudy zoologicheskogo instituta , leningrad 100 , 143 pp . [ in russian . ]
xylander wer ( 1988a ) ultrastructural studies on the reproductive system of gyrocotylidea and amphilinidea ( cestoda ) i . vitellarium , vitellocyte development and vitelloduct in
rohde , k . ( 1986 ) . ultrastructural studies of austramphilina elongata johnston , 1931 ( cestoda , amphilinidea ) . zoomorphology 106 , 91 - 102 .
1987 . revision and phylogenetic analysis of the amphilinidea poche , 1922 ( platyhelminthes : cercomeria : cercomeromorphae ) . canadian journal of zoology 65 : 1110 - 1128 .
rohde , k . ( 1987 ) . the formation of glandular secretion in larval austramphilina elongata ( amphilinidea ) . international journal for parasitology 17 , 821 - 828 .
rohde , k . and watson , n . ( 1986b ) . ultrastructure of the sperm ducts of austramphilina elongata ( platyhelminthes , amphilinidea ) . zoologischer anzeiger 217 , 23 - 30 .
rohde , k . and watson , n . ( 1986a ) . ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and sperm of austramphilina elongata ( platyhelminthes , amphilinidea . journal of submicroscopic cytology 18 , 361 - 374 .
rohde , k . and watson , n . ( 1987 ) . ultrastructure of the protonephridial system of larval austramphilina elongata ( platyhelminthes , amphilinidea ) . journal of submicroscopic cytology 19 , 113 - 118 .
rohde , k . and garlick , p . r . ( 1985b ) . subsurface sense receptors in the larva of austramphilina elongata johnston , 1931 , ( amphilinidea ) . zoomorphology 105 , 34 - 38 .
rohde , k . and garlick , p . r . ( 1985a ) . two ciliate sense receptors in the larva of austramphilina elongata johnston , 1931 , ( amphilinidea ) . zoomorphology 105 , 30 - 33 .
rohde , k . ( 2005 ) . amphilinidea . in : k . rohde ( ed . ) . marine parasitology . csiro publishing , melbourne and cabi publishing , wallingford , oxon , 87 - 89 , 461 .
rohde , k . and georgi , m . ( 1983 ) . structure and development of the larva of austramphilina elongata johnston , 1931 ( cestodaria , amphilinidea ) . international journal for parasitology 13 , 273 - 287 .
rohde , k . and garlick , p . r . ( 1985c ) . ultrastructure of the posterior sense receptor of larval austramphilina elongata johnston , 1931 , ( amphilinidea ) . international journal for parasitology 15 , 339 - 402 .
gibson ( 1994 ) has given a key to the species ( see also schmidt , 1986 ) , and dubinina ( 1982 ) , in her detailed monograph of the amphilinidea , has discussed the position of the group in the phylum platyhelminthes .
bandoni , s . m . and brooks , d . r . ( 1987 ) . revision and phylogenetic analysis of the amphilinidea poche , 1922 ( platyhelminthes : cercomeria : cercomeromorpha ) . canadian journal of zoology 65 , 1110 - 1128 .
rohde , k . , watson , n . and garlick , p . r . ( 1986 ) . ultrastructure of three types of sense receptors of larval austramphilina elongata ( amphilinidea ) . international journal for parasitology 16 , 245 - 251 .
bazitov , a . , lyapkalo , a . and yukhimenko ( 1979 ) . [ spermatogenesis of amphilina japonica ( goto et ishii , 1936 ) ( amphilinidea ) ] . vestnik zoologi ( kiew ) 1 , 50 - 55 ( in russian ) .
rohde , k . and garlick , p . r . ( 1985d ) . a muticiliate ' starcell ' in the parenchyma of the larva of austramphilina elongata johnston , 1931 , ( amphilinidea ) . international journal for parasitology 15 , 403 - 407 .
bazitov , a . a . and lyapkalo , e . v . ( 1980 ) . [ embryonic development of amphilina japonica ( amphilinidea ) . i . structure of the zygote and cleavage ] . zoologicheskij zhurnal 59 , 645 - 655 ( in russian ) .
gibson , d . i . , bray , r . a . and powell , c . b . ( 1987 ) . aspects of the life history and origins of nesolecithus africanus ( cestoda : amphilinidea ) . journal of natural history 21 , 785 - 794 .
rohde , k . and watson , n . ( 1989 ) . ultrastructural studies of larval and juvenile austramphilina elongata ( platyhelminthes , amphilinidea ) ; penetration into , and early development in the intermediate host , cherax destructor . international journal for parasitology 19 , 529 - 538 .
xylander , w . e . r . ( 1988 ) . ultrastructural studies on the reproductive system of gyrocotylidea and amphilinidea ( cestoda ) . i . vitellarium , vitellocyte development and vitelloduct in amphilina foliacea ( rudolphi , 1819 ) . parasitology research 74 , 363 - 370 .
biserova , n . m . , dudicheva , v . a . , terenina , n . b . , et al . ( 2000 ) . the nervous system of amphilina foliacea ( platyhelminthes , amphilinidea ) . an immunocytochemical , ultrastructural and spectrofluorometrical study parasitology 121 , 441 - 453 .
gibson , d . i . ( 1994 ) . order amphilinidea poche 1922 . in
keys to the cestode parasites of vertebrates
( l . f . khalil , a . jones and r . a . bray , eds ) cab international . wallingford , pp . 3 - 10 .
order amphilinidea uterus long and n - shaped ; genital pores at or near posterior extremity ; intestinal parasites of teleosts ( bony fish ) ; 105 species . order caryophyllidea uterus a coiled tube ; genital pore well separated from posterior extremity ; intestinal parasites of teleosts , occasionally in annelids ; about 85 species .
dubinina , m . n . ( 1985 ) . [ class amphilinidea ] . in
opredelitel ' parazitov presnovodnykh ryb fauny sssr
, vol . 2 paraziticheskie mnogokletochnye ( part 2 ) , ( o . n . bauer , ed . ) . nauka , leningrad , pp . 388 - 394 ( in russian ) .
the amphilinidea are large ( several cm long ) , hermaphroditic , non - ”segmented” flatworms whose adult stages live in the body cavity of turtles and teleost fish and use crustaceans as intermediate hosts . more detail is available on the life cycles page . they have 10 hooks of several types at the posterior end ( fig . 1 ) , and a posteriorly located large seminal receptacle and ovary .
bandoni and brooks ( 1987 ) have revised the amphilinidea and made the first and only analysis of the group using phylogenetic systematics ( cladistics ) . the analysis of 46 character states of 30 morphological ( light - microscopic ) characters produced the tree illustrated above . they distinguish three genera with altogether eight species , mainly based on the shape of the uterus ( n - shaped or looped ) , shape of the body ( elliptical , fusiform or elongate ) , whether vagina crossing or not crossing male duct , distribution of the testes and whether testes paired or not paired , whether vagina simple or bifurcate , shape of ovary , whether gonopore separate or common . important characters , such as the structure of the protonephridial system , are not included , and the tree will almost certainly have to be revised using additional characters .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
adults ( several cm long even when contracted , of yellow colour , fig . 2 ) live in the body cavity of the long - necked turtle , chelodina longicollis , in southeastern australia , but other species may be infected as well ( rohde , 1994 , further references therein ) .
figure 2 . adult austramphilina elongata in the body cavity of a long - necked turtle .
figure 3 . section through the lung of a long - necked turtle containing one adult austramphilina elongata ( arrow ) .
in one instance ( among hundreds of turtles examined ) , an adult worm was found in the cloaca , suggesting that eggs may perhaps be laid in the cloaca and escape through the anus . however , adult worms were found repeatedly in the lungs ( fig . 3 ) , and this suggests that eggs are laid in the lungs , enter the bronchioles and are carried in the trachea to the mouth cavity , from where they either escape in the sputum or are swallowed and leave the turtle in the faeces . penetration of worms into the lungs is facilitated by a secretion which has very potent histolytic qualities .
figure 4 . section through the oesophagus of a long - necked turtle with a juvenile austramphilina elongata ( arrow ) penetrating through it .
turtles become infected when they eat infected crayfish . in experimental infections , juvenile worms were found to penetrate through the wall of the oesophagus ( fig . 4 ) . they migrate along the trachea into the body cavity , where they grow and mature ( fig . 5 ) ( rohde , 1994 , further references therein ) .
figure 5 . juvenile austramphilina elongata ( arrows ) migrating along trachea and oesophagus of long - necked turtle .
adult amphilina foliacea live in the body cavity of european sturgeon , acipenser . eggs escape through the coelomic pore which connects the body cavity to the outside . eggs containing infective larvae are ingested by freshwater amphipods . chewing movements of the mouth parts of the crustaceans break the egg shell and enable the larvae to escape and penetrate into the host . sturgeon become infected by eating infected amphipods . adult nesolecithus africanus live in african freshwater fish . juvenile worms were recovered from freshwater prawns , desmocaris trispinosa , in nigeria ( references in rohde , 1994 ) .
intermediate hosts of all three species of amphilinids examined are crustaceans . it seems likely that other species have crustacean hosts as well .
dubinina , m . n . ( 1982 ) . parasitic worms of the class amphilinida ( platyhelminthes ) .
nauka
, leningrad ( in russian ) . ( older references therein ) .
rohde , k . ( 1994 ) . the minor groups of parasitic platyhelminthes . advances in parasitology 33 , 145 - 234 .
. note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license , and they may or may not be available for reuse . click on an image or a media link to access the media data window , which provides the relevant licensing information . for the general terms and conditions of tol material reuse and redistribution , please see the
this page is a note that is attached to a branch of the tree of life .
tol notes provide brief accounts of characteristics , short summaries , commentaries , media files , taxonomic information , or identification tools for a given group of organisms .
for a more detailed explanation of the different tol page types , have a look at the structure of the tree of life page .
tree of life design and icons copyright © 1995 - 2004 tree of life project . all rights reserved .
bray , r . a . ( 2001 ) . cestoda , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 146 - 149 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
the root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the tree of life . the basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree . this ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups , which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right .
you can click on the root to travel down the tree of life all the way to the root of all life , and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the tree of life all the way to individual species .
for more information on tol tree formatting , please see interpreting the tree or classification . to learn more about phylogenetic trees , please visit our phylogenetic biology pages .
figure 1 . hooks of larval amphilina foliacea . a . arrangement of hooks in the larva , b . shape of hooks in greater detail ( redrawn from dubinina , 1982 ) .
the uterus extends from the ovary to the anterior end , back again to the posterior end , and forward to open at the anterior end . small follicular yolk glands and testes are scattered over large parts of the body . amphilinids lack an intestine ( fig . 2 ) .
figure 2 . juvenile amphilina foliacea . note uterine opening at anterior end , and vaginal and male pores at posterior end ( redrawn from dubinina , 1982 ) .
for more information see structure of the larva and structure of the juvenile and adult pages .
the genus and species names listed first are those from dubinina ( 1982 ) . they are used in the text , because they are supported by the best descriptions and widely used in the literature . the names proposed by bandoni and brooks ( 1987 ) , which are used in the tree , are here marked with an asterisk .
andreev , v . v . and markov , g . s . ( 1971 ) . [ influence of some helminths on sturgeons ] . zoologicheskij zhurnal 50 , 15 - 24 ( in russian ) .
baverstock , p . r . , fielke , r . , johnson , a . m . , bray , r . a . and beveridge , i . ( 1991 ) . conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses for the parasitic platyhelminthes tested by partial sequencing of 18s ribosomal rna . international journal for parasitology 21 , 329 - 339 .
bazitov , a . a . ( 1984 ) . [ taxonomic relations of parasitic platyhelminthes ] . zoologicheskij zhurnal 63 , 818 - 827 ( in russian ) .
bazitov , a . a . and lyapkalo , e . v . ( 1984 ) . [ structure of the body wall and parenchyma of amphilinida ] . zoologicheskij zhurnal 63 , 338 - 347 ( in russian ) .
brooks , d . r . ( 1982 ) . higher level classification of parasitic platyhelminths and fundamentals of cestode classification . in
parasites : their world and ours
, ( d . f . mettrick and s . s . desser , eds ) . elsevier biomedical press , pp . 189 - 193 .
brooks , d . r . ( 1989a ) . a summary of the database pertaining to the phylogeny of the major groups of parasitic platyhelminths , with a revised classification . canadian journal of zoology 67 , 714 - 720 .
brooks , d . r . ( 1989b ) . the phylogeny of the cercomeria ( platyhelminthes : rhabdocoela ) and general evolutionary principles . journal of parasitology 75 , 606 - 616 .
brooks , d . r . , o ' grady , r . t . and glen , d . r . ( 1985 ) . the phylogeny of the cercomeria brooks , 1982 ( platyhelminthes ) . proceedings of the helminthological society of washington 52 , 1 - 20 .
campos , a , , cummings , m . p . , reyes , j . l . , et al . ( 1998 ) . phylogenetic relationships of platyhelminthes based on 18s ribosomal gene sequences . molecular phylogenetics and evolution 10 , 1 - 10 .
coil , w . h . ( 1987a ) . the early egg of austramphilina elongata ( cestodaria ) . parasitology research 73 , 451 - 457 .
coil , w . h . ( 1987b ) . the oogenotop of amphilina bipunctata ( cestodaria ) . parasitology research 73 , 75 - 79 .
coil , w . h . ( 1991 ) . platyhelminthes : cestoidea . in
microscopic anatomy of invertebrates , vol . 3 : platyhelminthes and nemertinea
, ( f . w . harrison and b . j . bogitsh , eds ) . wiley - liss , new york , pp . 211 - 283 .
cole , n . c . ( 1968 ) . morphological studies on cestodaria . m . a . thesis , university of california , berkeley ( cit . simmons and laurie , 1972 ) .
dubinina , m . n . ( 1976 ) . [ platyhelminths of the class amphilinoidea ] . in
problemy zoologii ( zool . inst . a . n . sssr )
. izdatel ' stvo
nauka
, leningrad , pp . 34 - 37 ( in russian ) .
dubinina , m . n . ( 1978 ) . flatworms of the amphilinida class ( substantiation and system ) . 4th international congress of parasitology , warsaw , poland , short communications , section b , 29 - 30 .
dubinina , m . n . ( 1982 ) .
[ parasitic worms of the class amphilinida ( plathelminthes ) ]
.
nauka
, leningrad ( in russian ) . ( older references therein ) .
dudicheva , v . a . and biserova , n . m . ( 2000 ) . [ distribution of sensory organs on surface of adult amphilina foliacea ( plathelminthes , amphilinida ) . ] zoologizheskij journal 79 , 1139 - 1146 ( in russian ) .
ehlers , u . ( 1985 ) .
das phylogenetische system der plathelminthes
, gustav fischer , stuttgart , new york .
ehlers , u . ( 1986 ) . comments on a phylogenetic system of the platyhelminthes . hydrobiologia 132 , 1 - 12 .
hoberg , ep . , mariaux , j . , justine , j . l . , et al . ( 1997 ) . phylogeny of the orders of the eucestoda ( cercomeromorphae ) based on comparative morphology : historical perspectives and a new working hypothesis . journal of parasitology 83 , 1128 - 1147 .
justine , j . l . ( 1997 ) . the general classification of parasitic platyhelminthes : recent changes , and the use of ultrastructural characters , particularly those of spermatozoa . bulletin soc . zool . france 122 , 269 - 277 .
littlewood , d . t . j . , rohde , k . , bray , r . a . and herniou , e . a . ( 1999 ) . phylogeny of the platyhelmimthes and the evolution of parasitism . biological journal of the linnean society 68 . 257 - 287 .
littlewood , d . t . j . , rohde , k . and clough , k . a . ( 1999 ) . the interrelationships of all major groups of platyhelminthes - phylogenetic evidence from morphology and molecules . biological journal of the linnean society 66 , 75 - 114 .
litvaitis , m . k . and rohde , k . ( 1999 ) . a molecular test of platyhelminth phylogeny : inferences from partial 28s rdna sequences . invertebrate biology 118 , 42 - 56 .
mariaux , j . ( 1998 ) . a molecular phylogeny of the eucestoda . journal of parasitology 84 , 114 - 124 .
olson , p . d . and caira , j . n . ( 1999 ) . evolution of the major lineages of tapeworms ( platyhelminthes : cestoidea ) inferred from 18s ribosomal dna and elongation factor - 1 alpha . journal of parasitology 85 , 1134 - 1159 .
popova , l . b . and davydov , v . g . ( 1988 ) . studies on localization of amphilina foliacea ( amphilinidae dubinina , 1974 ) in definitive hosts . helminthologia 25 , 129 - 138 .
rohde , k . ( 1988 ) . phylogenetic relationship of free - living and parasitic platyhelminthes on the basis of ultrastructural evidence . fortschritte der zoologie 36 , 353 - 357 .
rohde , k . ( 1990b ) . phylogeny of platyhelminthes , with special reference to parasitic groups . international journal for parasitology 20 , 979 - 1007 .
rohde , k . ( 1991 ) . the evolution of protonephridia of the platyhelminthes . hydrobiologia 227 , 315 - 321 .
rohde , k . , hefford , c . , ellis , j . , baverstock , p . r . , johnson , a . m . , watson , n . a . and dittmann , s . ( 1993 ) . contributions to the phylogeny of platyhelminthes based on partial sequencing of 18s ribosomal dna . international journal for parasitology 23 , 705 - 724 .
rohde , k . , johnson , a . m . , baverstock , p . r . and watson , n . a . ( 1995 ) . aspects of the phylogeny of platyhelminthes based on 18s ribosomal dna and protonephridial ultrastructure . hydrobiologia 305 , 27 - 35 .
rohde , k . and watson , n . ( 1988 ) . development of the protonephridia of austramphilina elongata . parasitology research 74 , 255 - 261 .
rohde , k . and watson , n . ( 1990a ) . ultrastructural studies of juvenile austramphilina elongata . transmission electron - microscopy of sensory receptors . parasitology research 76 , 336 - 342 .
rohde , k . and watson , n . ( 1990b ) . ultrastructural studies of juvenile austramphilina elongata . : scanning and transmission electron - microscopy of the tegument . international journal for parasitology 20 , 271 - 277 .
schmidt , g . d . ( 1986 ) .
crc handbook of tapeworm identification
. crc press , inc . , florida .
swiderski , z . and xylander , w . e . r . ( 2000 ) . vitellocytes and vitellogenesis in cestodes in relation to embryonic development , egg production and life cycle . international journal for parasitology 30 , 805 - 817 .
xylander , w . e . r . ( 1986 ) . zur biologie und ultrastruktur der gyrocotylida und amphilinida sowie ihre stellung im phylogenetischen system der plathelminthes . ph . d . dissertation thesis , göttingen .
xylander , w . e . r . , rohde , k . and watson , n . a ( 1997 ) . ultrastructural investigations of the sensory receptors of macrostomum cf bulbostylum ( plathelminthes , macrostomida . zoologischer anzeiger 236 , 1 - 12 .
zamparo , d . , brooks , d . r . , hoberg , e . p , et al . 2001 ) . phylogenetic analysis of the rhabdocoela ( platyhelminthes ) with emphasis on the neodermata and relatives zoological scripta 30 , 59 - 77 .
this media file is licensed under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license - version 3 . 0 .
drawings : lisa donaldson , louise percival , becky francis , sandy hamdorf , and sharon molloy .
each tol branch page provides a synopsis of the characteristics of a group of organisms representing a branch of the tree of life . the major distinction between a branch and a leaf of the tree of life is that each branch can be further subdivided into descendent branches , that is , subgroups representing distinct genetic lineages .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
scientists aim to describe a single ' tree of life ' that reflects the evolutionary relationships of living things . however , evolutionary relationships are a matter of ongoing discovery , and there are different opinions about how living things should be grouped and named . eol reflects these differences by supporting several different scientific ' classifications ' . some species have been named more than once . such duplicates are listed under synonyms . eol also provides support for common names which may vary across regions as well as languages .
this is a directory page . britannica does not currently have an article on this topic .
dog , ( canis lupus familiaris ) , domestic mammal of the family canidae ( order carnivora ) . it is a subspecies…
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
morphology : relatively large , leaf - like body ; scolex lacking , but small sucker - like organ may be present at anterior of body . ten minute hooks , retained from larval form , may be present at posterior extremity of adult body . monozoic ( i . e . , unsegmented ) , possessing only a single set of male and a single set of female reproductive organs per individual . testes numerous , in 2 lateral bands . cirrus - sac absent . male and female genital pores usually separate , occasionally combined , opening in posterior extremity of body . ovary posterior ; seminal receptacle posterior , minute to extensive . vitellarium follicular , in lateral bands external to testes . uterus tubular , n - shaped , opening via uterine pore at anterior extremity of body .
diversity : eight species are known . generic and familial classification are controversial . rhode ( 1999 ) recognizes 3 genera and 1 family , but up to 8 genera and 4 families have been proposed by other authors .
phylogenetic relationships : generally considered , along with the gyrocotylideans , to represent the most basal cestode taxa , although the exact relationships between gyrocotylideans , amphilinideans and the remaining cestodes ( i . e . , the eucestodes ) remain to be determined .
definitive hosts : chondrosteans , basal freshwater teleosts , some marine teleosts , and a few freshwater turtles .
geographic distribution : cosmopolitan ( holarctic , south america , africa , indian subcontinent , east indies , australia ) .
life - cycles are poorly known , but appear to involve a total of 2 hosts . decacanth larvae hatch from unoperculated eggs . some species are known to develop as a juvenile stage in crustaceans such as amphipods , crayfish and freshwater prawns .
khalil , l . f . , jones , a . , bray , r . a . ( eds . ) keys to the cestode parasites of vertebrates . cab international , wallingford , u . k .
1994 . the minor groups of parasitic platyhelminthes . advances in parasitology 33 : 145 - 234 .
last updated : tuesday , june 01 , 2010 . copyright © j . n . caira . all rights reserved .
design & maintenance : k . jensen & j . n . caira . website comments ?
this entry needs a photograph or drawing for illustration . please try to find a suitable image on wikimedia commons or upload one there yourself !
a taxonomic order within the infraclass cestoda – tapeworms found in the sturgeon and other fish .
ruggiero ma , gordon dp , orrell tm , bailly n , bourgoin t , brusca rc , et al . ( 2015 ) a higher level classification of all living organisms . plos one 10 ( 4 ) : e0119248 . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0119248 . pmid : 25923521
this page was last edited on 4 april 2018 , at 03 : 38 .
text is available under the creative commons attribution - sharealike license ; additional terms may apply . by using this site , you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy .
the vitellaria , vitellocyte development and vitelloduct of gyrocotyle urna are described at the ultrastructural level . vitellar follicles are surrounded by an extracellular lamina ; vitellocytes and the periphery of the follicles are enclosed by a cytoplasmic sheath . immature vitellocytes are spherical and show a high nucleus - to - plasma ratio . during maturation of vitellocytes their cytoplasmic content increases and numerous dictyosomes , endoplasmic reticulum , egg - shell granules and lipid droplets are formed . lipid droplets and egg - shell granules fill most of the volume of mature vitellocytes . the vitelloduct is ciliated and shows intraepithelial nuclei and intraluminal folds . no cell borders have been found within the vitelloduct . vitellogenesis and the vitelloduct morphology of gyrocotyle are compared with those of other parasitic plathelminthes .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
davis re , roberts ls ( 1983 ) 4 platyhelminthes - eucestoda . in : adiyodi kg , adiyodi rg ( eds ) reproductive biology of invertebrates , vol i : oogenesis , oviposition and oosorption . wiley , chichester , pp 109–133
: 2 . origin and distribution of reserve material . cell tissue res 152 : 219–228
ehlers u ( 1984 ) phylogenetisches system der plathelminthes . verh naturwiss ver hamburg ( nf ) 27 : 291–294
ehlers u ( 1985 ) das phylogenetische system der plathelminthes . fischer , stuttgart , new york , pp 1–317
: egg - shell formation . contrib 10th int congr electr microsc , pp 605–606
l : i . origin and morphogenesis of cocoonshell globules . cell tissue res 150 : 261–270
halton dw , stanrock sd , hardcastle a ( 1974 ) vitelline cell development in monogenean parasites . z parasitenkd 45 : 45–61
halvorsen o , williams hh ( 1968 ) studies on the helminth fauna of norway ; ix .
from oslo fjord , with emphasis on its mode of attachment and a regulation in the degree of infection . nytt mag zool 15 : 130–142
: viii . the development of the vitelline cells . exp parasitol 28 : 399–411
, a gonochoristic trematode ( trematoda digenea : didymozoidae ) . acta zool ( stockh ) 65 : 171–177
löser e ( 1965 ) die eibildung bei cestoden . z parasitenk 25 : 556–580
lumsden rd , hildreth mb ( 1983 ) the fine structure of adult tapeworms . in : arme c , pappas pw ( eds ) biology of the eucestoda , vol 1 . academic press , london new york paris san diego san francisco sao paulo sydney tokyo toronto , pp 177–233
smyth jd ( 1969 ) the physiology of cestodes . university reviews in biology . oliver and boyd , edinburgh , pp 1–279
: egg - envelope formation . proc 10th int congr electr microsc , pp 607–608
( cooper 1920 ) ( cestoidea : caryophyllidea ) . int j parasitol 6 : 61–73
ubelaker je ( 1983 ) chapter 6 the morphology , development and evolution of tapeworm larvae . in : arme c , pappas pw ( eds ) biology of the eucestoda . academic press , london , pp 235–296
( cestoda , gyrocotylidea ) i . epidermis , neodermis anlage and body musculature . zoomorphology 106 : 352–360
xylander wer ( 1988b ) ultrastructural evidence for the position of udonellidae . fortschr zool ( in press )
department of zoology , university of new england , armidale , new south wales , australia .
to learn more about subscribing to accessscience , or to request a no - risk trial of this award - winning scientific reference for your institution , fill in your information and a member of our sales team will contact you as soon as possible .
let your librarian know about the award - winning gateway to the most trustworthy and accurate scientific information .
recognized as an award - winning gateway to scientific knowledge , accessscience is an amazing online resource that contains high - quality reference material written specifically for students . its dedicated editorial team is led by sagan award winner john rennie . contributors include more than 9000 highly qualified scientists and 42 nobel prize winners .
copyright © mcgraw - hill global education holdings , llc . all rights reserved .
privacy notice . any use is subject to the terms of use . additional credits and copyright information .


panaque schaeferi is a freshwater species of fish from the loricariidae family of south american armoured catfish .

panaque schaeferi is widely distributed throughout the upper amazon ( solimões river ) in peruvian and ecuadorian rivers , and has been observed as far down as santarém , brazil .

growing to at least 600 mm sl , it is one of the largest , and likely heaviest species of loricariid .

it has been known in the aquarium trade since , at least , 1996 under various names such as ' titanic pleco ' and ' volkswagen pleco ' ( due to its resemblance to the vw beetle car ) , also l203 and lda065 under the l-number code .

juveniles are often confused with panaque bathyphilus and erroneously called l090c .

panaque schaeferi

plecos close look . . . / series ( hd movie 03 ) - panaque ( l - 190 ) .
panaque schaeferi is a recently described species of loricariid catfish ; they are widespread through the upper amazon . they are commonly called ' titanic pleco ' and l203 or lda065 , and are often confused with panque bathyphilus ( l090 ) , sometimes mistakenly labelled as l090c . these specimens wereimported by pier aquatics , uk . filmed on a canon 60d and 18 - 55mm stm lens . urltoken urltoken
lujan , n . k . , m . hidalgo and d . j . stewart , 2010 . revision of panaque ( panaque ) , with descriptions of three new species from the amazon basin ( siluriformes , loricariidae ) . copeia 2010 ( 4 ) : 676 - 704 . ( ref . 85845 )
all panaque appear to feed on wood , so wood should be present in the tank . they also take prepared algae wafers and fresh vegetables ( zucchini , cucumber , peas , green beans ) and tubers ( potato , yams and similar ) .
the genus panaque is identified by the teeth , which are spoon - shaped . this means that the teeth are noticeably wider at the tip than at the base . other loricariidae have teeth that are similar width all the way from one end to the other . a second distinguishing feature is the lack of a buccal papilla , which is a
flap of skin
on the inside of the mouth . see pictures in this pdf on pterygoplichthys . a dark brown species with black , smudged markings which continue on all fins except the caudal fin which is clear except for a brown trim along the outer edge . classic panaque body shape .
the generic epithet
panaque
is a venezuelan common name for this fish . patronym honoring scott a . schaefer , ichthyologist , editor of copeia , and curator of fishes at the american museum of natural history , for his many contributions to the field of ichthyology , and for his contributions to our understanding of the loricarioidea in particular .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
this site uses cookies to improve performance . if your browser does not accept cookies , you cannot view this site .
there are many reasons why a cookie could not be set correctly . below are the most common reasons :
you have cookies disabled in your browser . you need to reset your browser to accept cookies or to ask you if you want to accept cookies .
your browser asks you whether you want to accept cookies and you declined . to accept cookies from this site , use the back button and accept the cookie .
your browser does not support cookies . try a different browser if you suspect this .
the date on your computer is in the past . if your computer ' s clock shows a date before 1 jan 1970 , the browser will automatically forget the cookie . to fix this , set the correct time and date on your computer .
you have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from being set . you must disable the application while logging in or check with your system administrator .
this site uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page . to provide access without cookies would require the site to create a new session for every page you visit , which slows the system down to an unacceptable level .
this site stores nothing other than an automatically generated session id in the cookie ; no other information is captured .
in general , only the information that you provide , or the choices you make while visiting a web site , can be stored in a cookie . for example , the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it . allowing a website to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer , and only the site that created the cookie can read it .
peru , ucayali department , padre abad province , aguaytia river drainage , santa ana river , cordillera azul national park , 8°29 ' 51 ' ' s , 75°33 ' 36 ' ' w , 250 m elevation .
600mm or 23 . 6
sl . find near , nearer or same sized spp .
widespread in the upper amazon ( solimões ) mainstem and its tributaries in brazil , ecuador , and peru including the purus , ucayali / urubamba , and pastaza rivers , and at least as far down the amazon river mainstem as santarem , brazil .
copeia 2010 ( no . 4 ) , pp 693 , figs . 12 - 13 . datz 2 / 1996 , pp 74 - 75 . aqualog ( supplement ) matches datz .
( 1 ) arapaima , ( 2 ) wesman ( p : 2 ) , ( 3 ) panaquesta , ( 4 ) lubbe , ( 5 ) smegforbrains , ( 6 ) snowwie , ( 7 ) theonetruepath ( k : 2 ) , ( 8 ) royaldragoness , ( 9 ) busgod , ( 10 ) nc24 , ( 11 ) sfchoong , ( 12 ) ridout , ( 13 ) plecomanpat , ( 14 ) eltofi ( k : 4 ) , ( 15 ) brisch , ( 16 ) travis webb , ( 17 ) 7pete , ( 18 ) nslott , who also notes :
my new project . it will become a big catfish .
, ( 19 ) martin s , ( 20 ) norbert , ( 21 ) wouterw , ( 22 ) dmfd0331 , ( 23 ) wadencreeks , ( 24 ) loc . click on a username above to see all that persons registered catfish species . you can also view all
my cats
data for this species .
get or print a qr code for this species profile , or try our beta label creator .
has this page been useful ? please donate to our monthly hosting costs and keep us free for everyone to enjoy ! explore our youtube channel , facebook page or follow us on twitter .
© 1996 - 2018 urltoken , part of the aquatic republic network group of websites . all rights reserved . cite this website . by accessing this site you agree to our terms and conditions of use . our privacy policy .
south america : main - channel habitats of the upper amazon ( solimões ) river basin in brazil and peru .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5078 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00741 ( 0 . 00355 - 0 . 01547 ) , b = 3 . 08 ( 2 . 90 - 3 . 26 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this ( sub ) family - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low vulnerability ( 24 of 100 ) .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en


roses in may ( foaled february 9 , 2000 ) is an american thoroughbred racehorse .

roses in may made 13 starts and won 8 of them , placing in four .

he retired with career earnings of $ 5,490,187 , much of this money coming from his win in the 2005 dubai world cup .

roses in may

roses in may never ran in the kentucky derby , the race he was named for , which is held the first saturday in may .
instead , as yessirgeneralsir faltered in the stretch , perfect drift began his customary rally and was even able to thrust his nose in front of roses in may in the deep stretch . but roses in may fought back and held off perfect drift by a nose .
day , who had ridden roses in may on five previous occasions , said he may have cost perfect drift the race by moving when he did .
but peace rules , who was third coming down the backstretch , could not keep up with roses in may .
perfect drift ( left ) briefly led in the stretch of the whitney , but roses in may fought back to win by a nose .
les roses was sired by out of the dam lisa ' s fast step les roses was foaled on 13 of september in 2002 .
ya buddy readers ' . . . : roses of may by dot hutchison - starting november 17th , 2017
we’d love your help . let us know what’s wrong with this preview of roses of may by dot hutchison .
roses in may had been on the lead at every call in all five of his prior victories . in the whitney , romans was content to let yessirgeneralsir have the lead .
les roses has a 24 % win percentage and 48 % place percentage . les roses ' s last race event was at hawkesbury .
prisoners may have access to public telephones and mobile phones , though their use may be restricted by prison rules .
after stalking the hot early pace - six furlongs in 1 : 08 . 92 - established by yessirgeneralsir , roses in may took the lead approaching the eighth pole . perfect drift , who had weaved his way through horses under pat day to gain contention turning for home , hooked roses in may at the eighth pole . perfect drift stuck a head in front at one point in deep stretch , but roses in may , under left - handed urging from edgar prado , battled back to win a head bob .
seamless pattern with roses and leaves . vintage floral background . may be use as digital paper , fills , print onto fabric .
peace rules never got to the front and finished sixth , more than six lengths behind roses in may and perfect drift , who was ridden by pat day .
pink roses on white background , may be positioned on bottom of . . stock photo , picture and royalty free image . image 10058629 .
roses in may , trained by dale romans , covered the 1 1 / 8 miles in 1 : 48 . 51 over a fast track and returned $ 16 . 80 to win .
background with beautiful pastel roses , may be used as a women . . royalty free cliparts , vectors , and stock illustration . image 24760421 .
mikki tsuge , a california - based bloodstock agent who represents several japanese interests , also would not disclose the purchasers , nor the farm where roses in may will stand .
ramsey - who owns roses in may with his wife , sarah - would not disclose the purchase price , nor the japanese interests involved . but the yoshida family , which stood the late sunday silence , has been seeking a halo - line stallion to replace sunday silence , and roses in may , a son of devil his due , qualifies .
after winning the 77th running of the whitney handicap at saratoga race course on saturday , however , roses in may might just find himself running in the breeders ' cup classic on oct . 30 at lone star park in texas .
just one sunland derby runner has ever won the roses , so hence probably won’t .
a majority interest in the breeding rights of roses in may , winner of the dubai world cup , has been sold to japanese interests , and the horse will head to stud next year in japan , owner ken ramsey said wednesday .
yessirgeneralsir blazed through a quarter - mile in 22 . 64 seconds , a half - mile in 45 . 25 seconds and six furlongs in 1 : 08 . 92 , but was pressured by roses in may almost from the start . yessirgeneralsir tired to finish eighth in the nine - horse field .
ramsey , who said he would retain
less than 20 percent
of roses in may after he goes to stud , said he would send several mares to japan to support the stallion .
roses in may , a dark bay 4 - year - old colt of devils his due and the speak john mare tell a secret , has now won six of his nine career starts .
the victory was the fourth in as many starts this year for roses in may and his sixth from nine career starts . saturday ' s first - place purse of $ 450 , 000 was more than he had earned in his eight prior outings .
from the new york times . you may opt - out at any time .
saratoga springs , n . y . - roses in may didn ' t make it to the race his connections had in mind when they named him . but , on saturday , roses in may demonstrated the potential that owners ken and sarah ramsey thought he had by turning back a challenge from the grade 1 winner perfect drift to win the grade 1 , $ 750 , 000 by a nose before a crowd of 33 , 776 at saratoga .
english football has produced some true roses down the years , and ferdinand is undoubtedly one of them .
roses in may will continue to compete through the end of this year , ramsey said , preferably ending his racing career in the japan cup dirt .
he ' s eligible for a $ 1 . 5 million bonus in the japan cup dirt , because of his win in dubai ,
ramsey said .
at least that was what the trainer dale romans said after roses in may , ridden by edgar prado , held off the late - charging perfect drift to win by a nose . the victory gave romans the first grade i stakes winner he has ever saddled . roses in may , who has won all four of his starts this year , returned $ 16 . 80 on a $ 2 bet to win . he covered the mile and an eighth in the whitney in 1 : 48 . 54 .
april ' s about over ? # notuntilisee it ' s gonna be may . urltoken
falling in love could expose a woman in hiding , in the fourth ace security novel . . .
les roses ' s exposed form for its last starts is 5 - 2 - 0 - 3 - 1 .
i ' m a ( mostly ) ya writer with a background in theatre , renaissance festival living chessboards , and freefalls . i can lose hours at a time wiki - surfing interesting articles that may or may not have anything to do with my research , and i like to think that st . george regretted killing that dragon for all the rest of his days . a wounded name came out in 2013 from carolrhoda lab ; the butterfly garden in june 2016 from thomas & mercer , and roses of may will be following in 2017 .
roses in may , owned by kenneth and sarah ramsey , has come a long way since he made his career debut , a second - place finish , in a maiden race at churchill downs on may 3 , 2003 . that race was followed by the kentucky derby , which funny cide won . on that day , peace rules finished third in the derby ; on saturday he was sent off as the 3 - 1 favorite in the whitney .
les roses’s last race event was at 10 / 05 / 2008 and it has not been nominated for any upcoming race .
also standing at big red farm , 2005 dubai world cup winner roses in may and two - time breeders ' cup turf winner conduit . click here to view the roster . shigeyuki okada also purchased 1993 horse of the year kotashaan to stand at big red .
the arrival in the united kingdom of one of the biggest figures in rock and roll was looked forward to with great anticipation in may of 1958 . nowhere in the world were the teenage fans of the raucous music coming out of america more enthusiastic than they were in england , . . .
the roses of may is the 2nd book in “the collector series” trilogy by dot hutchison but it is not a direct sequel to the butterfly garden . instead , it’s a story about a completely different serial killer whose been killing one girl every spring for over a decade and leaving each of them covered in a different flower . it also has a brand new main character , priya sravasti , whose sister was one of the killer’s victims 5 years ago . the roses of may isn’t a story with the same horror , depravity , and
the herb garden is in good order with mints and marjoram being replanted in new soil to overcome the mint rust . there’s a new magnifying glass styled sculpture hereto - ‘look and you shall find’ certainly an appropriate theme relating to gilbert white’s careful observations . the new laburnum arch is starting to flower ! it will need careful training , tying in and pruning after flowering , it mustn’t be let to get too big as laburnums should never be cut back into thick old wood - they quickly get diseased and die back . thinking of dieback , no ash die back reported in selborne yet , but it’s nearby in bentworth & greatham i understand . susan’s cottage borders are in fine neat order - she’s even added some tiny french marigolds which have braved the frosts ! in the corner , one of her collection of 18th century roses the old blush china ( one of the stud roses brought from far east and bred with european roses to lengthen flowering period ) is in flower ! ! neatly illustrates the longer flowering period of these ‘new’ roses . mind you sir thomas hamner in 1659 said that roses were in bloom in may - was he mistaken , or was it warmer then ?
les roses career form is 5 wins , 3 seconds , 2 thirds from 21 starts with a lifetime career prize money of $ .
archive material should not be used in a way that materially misleads the audience about a situation , events or what is being depicted . labelling may be required .
do you have any recommendation of books similar to the butterfly garden ? roses of may is unfortunately not one of these books : ( i have been waiting for it as much as you but it ' s only a weak shadow of the original . ( less )
roses in may ( usa ) blk . h , 2000 { 1 - a } dp = 10 - 5 - 9 - 2 - 0 ( 26 ) di = 3 . 00 cd = 0 . 88 - 13 starts , 8 wins , 4 places , 0 shows career earnings : $ 5 , 490 , 187
nothing had gone wrong for the derby field ahead of the may 6 run for the roses , which was why royal mo had not made the cut . twenty - first in points entering the triple crown’s first leg , he was named to the also - eligible list but not , ultimately , the 20 - horse race .
when someone in our output is clearly involved in criminal or anti - social behaviour the bbc will normally reveal their identity . however , there may be occasional circumstances when it is important to disguise identities . these include :
career totals of 1 , 970 wins and purse winnings of more than $ 103 . 2m ( as of may , 2018 )
minimal preparation is required for the roses to ribbons event . horses will be presented walking in hand in the paddock . prospective buyers will view all available horses . veterinary history and evaluation of your horse’s demeanor and personality will be helpful for buyers wanting to make an informed decision . the roses to ribbons old time horse fair is an opportunity to showcase your special thoroughbred ! interested ? please fill out the form below .
' ' i had exactly the position i wanted going down the backstretch , ' ' said jerry bailey , who rode peace rules . ' ' to be quite honest , i couldn ' t hold roses in may behind the leader . i really didn ' t have enough horse to keep him in . it was not a typical effort from peace rules . he never gives up in the middle of a race like that . ' '
do you have a horse nearing the end of its racing career ? the paddock foundation is hosting an event that may help you find a new home for your horse . the next roses to ribbons old time horse fair will be held july 7 , 2018 at lone star park near dallas .
when interviewing criminals , care must be taken to minimise the potential distress this may cause to victims of the crime or their relatives .
just one horse this century ( california chrome ) won the derby having already made 10 or more career starts , so state of honor probably won’t wear the roses .
on may 22 , 2003 , golfer annika sorenstam becomes the first woman to play in a pga tour event since babe didrikson 58 years earlier , after receiving a sponsor’s exemption to compete in the bank of america colonial in fort worth , texas . annika sorenstam was born october 9 , 1970 , in bro , sweden , . . .
this site uses cookies to improve your experience and to provide services and advertising . by continuing to browse , you agree to the use of cookies described in our cookies policy . you may change your settings at any time but this may impact on the functionality of the site . to learn more see our cookies policy .
auric goldfinger is the richest man in england—though his wealth can’t be found in banks . . . .
among his most successful horses , kitten ' s joy won the grade i secretariat stakes and the grade i joe hirsch turf classic invitational in 2004 . he went on to finish second that year in the breeders ' cup turf . this was enough to be voted the eclipse award for american champion male turf horse . in 2005 roses in may provided romans with the biggest payday of his career to date when he won the $ 6 million dubai world cup . he collected his first breeders ' cup win in 2009 when tapitsfly won the breeders ' cup juvenile fillies turf .
instagram | | twitter | | facebook | | amazon | | pinterest nobody was more excited than me to get their hands on the roses of may , the sequel to the amazing thriller , the butterfly garden . i ' m picky about thrillers and think a lot of the ones out there are crap , but the butterfly garden was that 1 book out of 100 that stayed with me , haunted me , and kept me on the edge of my seat , desperate to know what happened next . when i found out there was a sequel , i was stoked as a stoat . roses of may isn ' t r
les roses is a 14 year old bay mare . les roses is trained by gai waterhouse , at randwick and owned by g p & mrs l m kirk , r kirby , a j gowing , j r gallaher , r bell , r hawkins , crab p / l synd ( mgr : b solomon ) , p van gorp & p c bennett .
news programmes should not normally stage reconstructions of current events because of the risk of confusing the audience . but reconstructions staged by others may be reported .
note : all roses $ 18 . 00 each plus $ 1 . 80 gst each . postage / packaging ( and accreditation if applicable ) extra - please check order form for details .
links from bbc online to third party websites should normally lead to sites which are factually accurate . we may link to external sites which give particular views of a person or organisation significant to a current news story and in such cases we may not be able to guarantee their factual accuracy . but we should not support the message , information or promotions on third party sites .
© 2017 time inc . all rights reserved . use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms of use and privacy policy ( your california privacy rights ) . time may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website . offers may be subject to change without notice . | eu data subject requests
contact with escaped prisoners or people wanted by the police may in some circumstances constitute a criminal offence . any proposal to contact or interview such people must be referred to director editorial policy and standards and programme legal advice .
roses of may is more of a companion novel , rather than a sequel , to hutchinson ' s the butterfly garden . we sort of pick up where we left off , chronologically , but then we follow a different thread . fbi agent brandon eddison features more heavily in this novel , and we see a fair bit of inara and bliss , but the meat of the story is about a new character altogether . priya svrasti ' s sister chavi was murdered by a serial killer five years ago ; every may he seeks out a new victim , always a young girl ,
this is not an auction ! horses , tack and equipment may be offered for sale at this event . private sales will be negotiated between buyers and sellers .
sweet rocket is in flower in the wall border , as is the greater celandine ( chelidonium majus ) which many would regard as a weed ( including philip miller in the gardeners dictionary ) although he does pay tribute to its medicinal qualities ‘ [ it ] is esteemed aperitive and cleansing , opening obstructions of the spleen and liver , and is of great use in curing jaundice and scurvy’ but says in grows naturally on banks in most parts of england . it has yellow flowers and a mass of finely cut leaves , ours may be the form ‘laciniata’ which i grew from seed many years ago . most of the roses are now in bud after that warm spell of weather we have just had , but now will be held back by the colder spell we are now having . in fact a hard frost last week did a lot of damage to young shoots in several gardens in the neighbourhood . at the far end of the wall border there is now a sea of blue from the ( ever ) green alkanet ( pentaglossis sempervirens ) which we may despise for invasiveness but looks marvellous at this time of the year .
i ' m a ( mostly ) ya writer with a background in theatre , renaissance festival living chessboards , and freefalls . i can lose hours at a time wiki - surfing interesting articles that may or may not have anything to do with my research , and i like to think that st . george regretted killing that dragon for all the rest of his days . a wounded name came out in 2013 from carolrhoda lab ; the butterfly garden
the blood - horse has learned the big chestnut son of nijinsky ii died sometime in 2002 , most likely in a slaughterhouse in japan , where his career at stud was unsuccessful .
some promotions may be combined ; others are not eligible to be combined with other offers . for details , please see the terms & conditions associated with these promotions .
oh my goodness i would give anything for a copy of this book , is that even possible ? butterfly garden entered me into an entire new world of books and it still remains to be one of my favorites . i felt in the first chapters as if it wasn ' t possible the book could get any better but i was so unbelievably wrong . i am so anxious to see what comes of the roses of may .
trainer steve asmussen has named jockey florent geroux as the rider for kentucky derby candidate hence on the first saturday in may , according to urltoken . the calumet farm - owned and bred son of street boss was a two - length winner of the g3 sunland derby in his most recent outing .
fraser mcalpine has formulated six common emotional reactions over the course of a sudden music arrival , illustrating the madness using tweets about recent releases by beyoncé , radiohead , kanye west , the stone roses and rihanna .
so prepare yourselves for the oncoming rush of posts on this too - perfect pop culture topic . as april comes to a close , it’s gonna be may , indeed .
falling in love could expose a woman in hiding , in the fourth ace security novel from new york times bestselling author susan stoker . former mercenary ryder sinclair’s stunning discovery that he has three half brothers in castle rock , colorado , is giving . . .
with the kittens leading the way , the ramseys are far and away the leading owner in the country in earnings with $ 10 . 6 million and they are second in wins with 184 .
henry tudor was proclaimed king henry vii , the first tudor king . henry was the grandson of catherine of valois , the widow of henry v , and owen tudor . in 1486 , he married edward iv’s daughter elizabeth of york , thereby uniting the yorkist and lancastrian claims . this event is seen as marking the end of the war of roses ; although some yorkists supported in 1487 an unsuccessful rebellion against henry , led by lambert simnel . the war of roses left little mark on the common english people but severely thinned the ranks of the english nobility .
we must not knowingly and materially mislead our audiences with our content . we may need to clarify the nature of some content by labeling ( for example , verbally , in text or with visual or audio cues ) to avoid being misleading .
the purplish tulips ( especially chosen by rose last year ) are still looking good in front of the fruit wall , and careful weeding has allowed a good crop of opium poppies to survive and flower later , hopefully before the marvel of peru tubers go in in late may / early june . . in the park the strips of dandelions have turned from yellow flowers to whitish grey ‘clocks’ , the yellow colour being perpetuated by buttercups now .
for the sale customers from abroad , comments for the 55 stallions listed in stallions in japan 2014 and represented by foals or yearlings in the jrha select sale 2014 are now available on - line .
i received this book from netgalley in exchange for an honest review . it has taken me a few days to write this review because i haven’t been totally sure how i wanted to rate it . i think i have finally settled on 3 . 5 stars . it wasn’t as good as butterfly garden , so it had to be a lesser rating than what i gave that , but i still really enjoyed it . i think the best thing that you could possibly know about roses of may is the fact that it is not a continuation of butterfly garden . i have read many reviews of readers being disappointed that this was not part of the same story . connected , yes , continuation , no . the series is more of a focus on vic , eddison and ramirez solving serial crimes involving young girls . however , even though roses of may focuses on a different set of girls and a different killer , hutchinson does a nice job of keeping you up to date on maya & bliss and their lives after the garden . having said all of that , roses of may was just not nearly as captivating as butterfly garden . as it happens , i read these in quick succession and i wasn’t nearly as engrossed in rom as i was bg . however , i still enjoyed the story and the slow burn and development of the story . it is tense and suspenseful , as it wraps into a crescendo in the final pages . one of the downsides for me was i was able to figure out who the killer was very early on , so there was no surprise there . since this is a trilogy , and i will definitely be on the lookout for book 3 . if you read butterfly garden , then i definitely recommend continuing the series and picking up roses of may . however , i would not recommend this as a stand - alone book . but i definitely recommend going
all in
on the series !
with the kittens leading the way , the ramseys are far and away the leading owner in the country in earnings with $ 10 . 6 million and they are second in wins with 184 . they are also miles ahead in the category of stakes races won with 37 .
urltoken
there will be a companion novel out next year , entitled roses of may , and while it’s not a direct sequel , we will be following our butterflies and fbi team for a time . the bulk of the story shifts to a new case , a new story , but some things don’t leave us so easily . is it surprising if butterflies have a way of lingering ?
( less )
oooh - the kindle edition is currently on special offer - $ 1 . 35 in the states and £0 . 99p in the uk .
any proposal to enter an overseas prison without permission must be referred to a senior editorial figure , or for independents to the commissioning editor , who may consult director editorial policy and standards .
dot hutchison is the author of the butterfly garden and the roses of may , the first two books in the collector trilogy , as well as a wounded name , a young adult novel based on shakespeare’s hamlet . hutchison loves thunderstorms , mythology , history , and movies that can and should be watched on repeat . for more information on her current projects , visit urltoken or connect with her on tumblr ( www . dothutchison . tumblr . com ) , twitter ( @ dothutchison ) , or facebook urltoken
in the last 21 years , just two derby winners finished worse than second in their final prep race , meaning gunnevera probably won’t be successful .
interviews with paedophiles or other sex offenders must be clearly editorially justified . care should be taken to minimise potential distress an interview may cause to their victims or victims ' families . any proposal to interview a paedophile or other sex offender who has been convicted of serious offences , in prison or on release from prison , should be referred to a senior editorial figure , or for independents to the commissioning editor , who may also consult director editorial policy and standards .
then , all of a sudden , there ' s a hint that something may be about to happen , like lemons ( the official fruit of the stone roses ) appearing on walls in major cities . at this point fans and critics alike are united in trying to work out what is going on from the scantest of clues . just before releasing the video to burn the witch , radiohead deleted all of their social media feeds , in a kind of deliberate intake of breath before speaking , and it captivated eager fans before the first proper clues started to arrive . even before that , they had sent out an old - fashioned paper mailout with this enigmatic message on it .
after the battle , richard again was made english protector , but in 1456 margaret regained the upper hand . an uneasy peace was broken in 1459 , and in 1460 the lancastrians were defeated , and york was granted the right to ascend to the throne upon henry’s death . the lancastrians then gathered forces in northern england and in december 1460 surprised and killed york outside his castle near wakefield .
wow . . . dot hutchison has done it again ! ! ! her imagination is scary , creepy and absolutely brilliant ! the roses of may is the 2nd book in “the collector
trilogy series , but it isn’t a direct sequel to the butterfly garden . you will see the “butterflies” throughout , but the main focus of this book is on a teenage girl , priya sravasti , who lost her sister to a diabolical serial killer that surrounds his victims with different types of flowers . hanoverian , eddison , and ramirez , “the quantico 3” , are
save on classic and contemporary films online and in store through 8 / 6 .
you can redownload your image for free at any time , in any size .
we’re interested in your feedback on this page . tell us what you think .
this review is being written weeks after i finished . i normally write the review immediately after finishing a book , this one however i finished at like 3 a . m . and meant to write the review later in the day . . . . well now it ' s weeks later . i apologize for not having the book fresh in my mind while writing this review . what i can tell you right off the bat is that i ' m giving this book 4 . 5 stars . before i can write a review of this book ' the roses of may ' , i need to set the tone of the previous book '
long - time partner of dale romans , tammy rides exclusively for romans racing . she hails from a racing family , having grown up around horses in new orleans . her dad , billy fox sr . , was a trainer and jockey at fair grounds race course and put her on a racehorse when she was 12 . as a jockey , she won 236 races from 2 , 227 mounts in a career that lasted about 25 years , earning $ 3 . 5 million . she also appeared in the 2007 documentary “the first saturday in may”
i received this book from netgalley in exchange for an honest review . it has taken me a few days to write this review because i haven’t been totally sure how i wanted to rate it . i think i have finally settled on 3 . 5 stars . it wasn’t as good as butterfly garden , so it had to be a lesser rating than what i gave that , but i still really enjoyed it . i think the best thing that you could possibly know about roses of may is the fact that it is not a continuation of butterfly garden . i have read many re
welcome back . just a moment while we sign you in to your goodreads account .
© 2003 - 2018 shutterstock , inc . all rights reserved . made in nyc .
in a major speech before the american law institute in washington , d . c . , secretary of state dean rusk explicitly accuses north vietnam of initiating and directing the aggression in south vietnam . u . s . withdrawal , said rusk , “would mean not only grievous losses to the free world in southeast and southern asia but . . .
in less than three weeks the red and white ramsey colors will be well represented in the breeders ' cup . he plans to start big blue kitten and real solution ( one of the few kitten ' s joy ' s not named kitten something ) in the turf . he ' ll have kitten kaboodle and granny mc ' s kitten in the juvenile filly turf . bobby ' s kitten will start in the juvenile turf and queen elizabeth winner kitten ' s dumpling will go in the filly & mare turf .
a clear editorial justification is required for the broadcast of material related to the identity of anyone under 18 who is involved as a potential defendant in a court case before proceedings are commenced . there may also be legal restrictions once proceedings are active . where there are active proceedings programme legal advice must also be consulted .
' roses of may ' is the second book in ' the collector ' series , by dot hutchison . although there are a few connections , through characters , between the two books , they are really not a major factor . this book could easily be read as a standalone . this book is told from multiple povs , but the majority of the book is told from the pov of priya sravasti . year ' s ago , priya ' s sister , chavi , was murdered by a serial killer that has managed to evade capture for over a decade . now it seems that she has beco
‘nsync got a star on the hollywood walk of fame on a very important day . it’s april 30th , otherwise known across the internet as it’s gonna be may day . here’s how the day became a beloved social media phenomenon .
in 1453 , henry lapsed into insanity , and in 1454 parliament appointed richard , duke of york , as protector of the realm . henry and york’s grandfathers were the fourth and third sons of edward iii , respectively . when henry recovered in late 1454 , he dismissed york and restored the authority of margaret , who saw york as a threat to the succession of their son , prince edward . york raised an army of 3 , 000 men , and in may the yorkists marched to london . on may 22 , 1455 , york met henry’s forces at st . albans while on the northern road to the capital . the bloody encounter lasted less than an hour , and the yorkists carried the day . the duke of somerset , margaret’s great ally , was killed , and henry was captured by the yorkists .
“in japan , the term ‘disposed of’ is used to mean slaughtered , ” bayer wrote in the blood - horse . “no one can say for sure when and where ferdinand met his end , but it would seem clear he met it in a slaughterhouse . ”
javascript is not enabled in your browser . enabling javascript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site . learn how to enable javascript on your browser
1 . secretariat’s fate rested on a coin toss . in the fall of 1969 , stable owners ogden phipps and penny chenery met in the offices of the new york racing association for what turned out to be one of the most important coin tosses in sports history . the winner would receive the recently born foal of the sire bold ruler and the mare hasty matelda , while the loser would get a second foal from bold ruler with a different mare , somethingroyal . phipps won the coin toss , but chenery won for the record books : in march of the following year somethinroyal gave birth to a red chestnut colt with three distinctive white “socks” on his legs–secretariat . chenery went on to fame as the legendary horse’s owner , while the phipps family , successful breeders for six generations , didn’t win the kentucky derby until may of this year , when orb captured the 139th race for the roses .
3 . 5 stars roses of may is a psychological thriller about a young girl seeking closure for her sister’s murder . priya sravasti’ is being targeted by a serial killer ; the same killer that murdered her sister several years ago . the majority of the narrative is told through priya’s pov . she is struggling to cope with her sister’s death , her father’s abandonment , and her desire for revenge . at the same time , priya is being protected by the quantic0 3 , a group of fbi agents on the hunt for the serial k
just moments after ariana grande finished the final song of her may 22 , 2017 concert at manchester arena , a suicide bomber detonated an explosion on the premises , killing 22 concertgoers and injuring 116 more . isis claimed responsibility for what was the deadliest act of terrorism in britain since the 2005 london metro bombings . a . . .
with hunger and discontent spreading among the civilian and military populations of the austro - hungarian empire , a crisis mounts within its government , as hungarian prime minister istvan tisza resigns at the request of the austrian emperor , karl i , on may 22 , 1917 . a great power in decline when world war i broke . . .
enter your log in email address and well send you a link to reset your password .
tyra guidseth tweet :
been home , sitting in my car in the driveway for 20 minutes cuz 95 . 3 is playing # lifeofpablo all the way through 🔥🔥🔥🔥 @ kanyewest
urltoken is a full participating member of the press council of ireland and supports the office of the press ombudsman . this scheme in addition to defending the freedom of the press , offers readers a quick , fair and free method of dealing with complaints that they may have in relation to articles that appear on our pages . to contact the office of the press ombudsman lo - call 1890 208 080 or go to urltoken or urltoken
lance bass was pumped about it ahead of time . “how fitting this ceremony will take place on its gonna be may day ! see y’all there ! * nsync to receive star on hollywood walk of fame , ” lance bass wrote on twitter .
“unfortunately , to those well - versed in the realities beyond the glitter and glory of the racetrack , it comes as no surprise , ” bayer wrote . “ferdinand’s story is the story of nearly every imported stallion in japan at that point in time when the figures no longer weigh in his favor . in a country where racing is kept booming by the world’s highest purses and astronomical betting revenues , ferdinand’s fate is not the exception . it is the rule . ”
but besides making trolls music , dabbling in fashion , and photo bombing his wife on the red carpet , timberlake has a claim to fame that really takes off on social media each spring as april fades away . “it’s gonna be may” is the meme that keeps giving , and it’s all thanks to the iconic voice and face of timberlake .
as the saying goes - it’s not the size of the dog in the bite , but the size of the bite in the dog , that is important - and redwood’s diminutive daughter red sierra certainly isn’t letting her size get in her way as she accepts every challenge her trainers david & emma haworth put in front of her as she makes a rapid climb through the grades .
i really enjoyed the butterfly garden so i was excited to read this one . however , i didn ' t enjoy roses of may like i enjoyed the butterfly garden . it was more of a companion book than a sequel , which made it read much differently to the first . however , i would still recommend reading the butterfly garden first . i couldn ' t keep up with the beginning of the novel and did struggle to read the rest of it . overall , it was a confusing storyline and did not keep me wanting to read more . the mystery was
wow . . . dot hutchison has done it again ! ! ! her imagination is scary , creepy and absolutely brilliant ! the roses of may is the 2nd book in “the collector
trilogy series , but it isn’t a direct sequel to the butterfly garden . you will see the “butterflies” throughout , but the main focus of this book is on a teenage girl , priya sravasti , who lost her sister to a diabolical serial killer that surrounds his victims with different types of flowers . hanoverian , eddison , and ramirez , “the quantico 3” , are back again with more developed characters . they have been on the case since priya’s sister was murdered 5 years ago , since then they have formed a special bond with priya and her very strong mother , deshani . also , to make it even creepier dot hutchison takes us into the mind of the serial killer allowing the reader the chance to see how he justifies killing each victim . the roses of may isn’t dark and twisted like the butterfly garden was , but it’s still a very well - written , suspenseful , riveting , and creepy novel that will keep you wanting more . if you enjoy a mystery with suspense , brilliant writing , and a very strong plot , then you will absolutely love this book ! i’m definitely looking forward to the 3rd book in this remarkable trilogy ! i want to thank netgalley and thomas & mercer for this arc in exchange for my honest review .
# 1 the butterfly garden ★★★★★ # 2 roses of may ★★★★☆ # 3 the summer children ★★★★★
and he realizes that no , he doesn ' t have to be here . there ' s no bureau requirement , no order , no generally agreed guideline , nothing official that mandates his presence at the funeral of a girl who killed herself because the seams where she broke the first time were too fragile to stitch together a second time .
it ' s hard enough on the agents when the butterflies start falling apart , but suicides of girls who can ' t s
, 1972 , secretariat lost just once more in his 2 - year - old campaign , and even that was due to a controversial disqualification in a race . at the end of that season , he was unanimously voted the winner of the eclipse award as horse of the year—the first 2 - year - old to be so honored . in fact , only one other 2 - year - old has won the award : favorite trick , in 1997 . he was a shoo - in the following year , when his triple crown wins earned him top honors in every major racing award .
doomben : brisbane racing [ email protected ] saturday 19 , may 2012 meeting type : metro ( tab meeting ) rail position : 2 metres 1300 - 375 ; true the remainder . track condition : dead 4race 1 - 12 : 10pm channel se . . .
3 . 5 stars roses of may is a psychological thriller about a young girl seeking closure for her sister’s murder . priya sravasti’ is being targeted by a serial killer ; the same killer that murdered her sister several years ago . the majority of the narrative is told through priya’s pov . she is struggling to cope with her sister’s death , her father’s abandonment , and her desire for revenge . at the same time , priya is being protected by the quantic0 3 , a group of fbi agents on the hunt for the serial killer . the reader also gets glimpse into the killer’s mind , as some of his previous murders are detailed . the roses of may is the follow up to the butterfly garden , which i did not read , so i might have a different perspective than other readers . i found it to be slow moving and i felt like i was just waiting to get the end for the inevitable to play out . also , there some things that happen that are totally unbelievable and just didn’t work for me - - i won’t name them because i don’t want to include any spoilers . however , priya was an interesting enough character to keep me invested . i received a copy of this book from netgalley and the publisher in exchange for an honest review .
reliable man’s son jolly honour stepped up to a middle distance in the best possible fashion at randwick on saturday when he put up an impressive performance to come from back in the field to race away for a comfortable win in the a $ 100 , 000 urltoken handicap over 2000m under tye angland .
we should report statistics and risks in context and avoid worrying the audience unduly , especially about health or crime . this may involve giving trends , taking care to avoid giving figures more weight than can stand scrutiny . if reporting a change , consideration should be given to making the baseline figure clear . for example , a doubling of a problem affecting one in two million people will still only affect one in a million . it will usually be appropriate to report the source of figures , and sometimes the margin of error , to enable people to judge their significance .
the bulbs have been cleared from the annual garden , except for the tulips in the largest section , which still show some colour . in the north rose bed there is a fine white & yellow which is iris latifolia or xiphium , which may be english , spanish or dutch iris , anyhow it’s a bulbous iris ! here also are the first flowers on the early monkshood ( aconitum napellus subsp napellus anglicum group - snappy little scientific name eh ? ! linnaeus would turn in his grave ! ) . also here is a very interesting honesty plant ( lunaria annua ) , as well as nice dark purple flowers each bloom has a white stripe - may well be worth saving the seed – l . annua var ( gilbert ) whiteii ? ? ? ! ! ) most of the quarters have been mulched but there is still some to do .
enter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .
police staking out a bridge over the chattahoochee river near atlanta , georgia , hear a loud splash , and begin chasing wayne williams as he attempts to drive away in a station wagon . after questioning him about his involvement in the unprecedented string of child murders in atlanta over the two previous . . .
the record stud fee still belongs to northern dancer , earning $ 1 million each in the 1980s .
whenever a story originated by the bbc involves an anonymous source , the relevant editor has the right to be told their identity . in cases involving serious allegations we should resist any attempt by an anonymous source to prevent their identity being revealed to a senior bbc editor . if this happens , the reporter should make it clear that the information obtained confidentially may not be broadcast .
tapit did not win a triple crown race at all in his career , finishing ninth in the kentucky derby and not competing in the others . his only major wins were in the grade ii laurel future stakes and the grade i wood memorial . however , 2014 kentucky oaks winner untapable and 2014 belmont stakes winner tonalist have gotten the job done where their father couldn ' t , making him a proven stud .
the murray baker / andrew forsman trained peaceful ( savabeel ) heads to riccarton this weekend in an effort to end the season with a black type victory in the $ 50 , 000 berkley stud champagne stakes over 1200m and set herself up for an exciting three - year - old season later in the year .
exciting young sire reliable man will see his stakes winning son main stage take his place at flemington’s main feature tomorrow in the group 1 australian guineas . three - year - old main stage has already starred on the famous flemington track in black - type fashion with his second victory in the listed uci stakes .
talented racemare swampland ( redwood ) returns to the track this weekend after a long layoff when she steps out in the listed a $ 100 , 000 amgrow bright shadow quality over 1200m at doomben having not been seen out since running a good third in the group 3 maybe mahal stakes at flemington in the spring .


aplocheilus werneri ( werner 's killifish ) is a species of killifish endemic to sri lanka .

this species grows to a length of 7 cm ( 2.8 in ) .

its natural habitats are small , shallow , slow-flowing , heavily shaded streams and rivulets with a silt or clay substrate .

they are largely use as an aquarium fish .

aplocheilus werneri

subscribe to
aquarium & terrarium show
- urltoken aplocheilus werneri - werner ' s killifish , werner ' s panchax . aplocheilus lineatus - striped panchax , golden wonder killifish .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
this article is a stub . we can not complete the encyclopaedia without your help . you can contribute to the aquarium wiki by expanding this article . dont be shy ! .
this page was last edited on 13 december 2017 , at 03 : 06 .
content is available under creative commons attribution - sharealike 3 . 0 unported license unless otherwise noted .
inhabits small , shallow , slow - flowing , heavily shaded streams and rivulets with a silt or clay substrate . feeds on insects and fish fry . 9 cm max tl ( ref . 6028 ) . not a seasonal killifish . is easy to maintain in the aquarium ( ref . 27139 ) .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
< p > an evidence describes the source of an annotation , e . g . an experiment that has been published in the scientific literature , an orthologous protein , a record from another database , etc . < / p > < p > < a href =
/ manual / evidences
> more . . . < / a > < / p >
help pages , faqs , uniprotkb manual , documents , news archive and biocuration projects .
you are using a version of browser that may not display all the features of this website . please consider upgrading your browser .
< p > when browsing through different uniprot proteins , you can use the ‘basket’ to save them , so that you can back to find or analyse them later . < p > < a href = ' / help / basket ' target = ' _ top ' > more . . . < / a > < / p >
< p > this will take you to the blast page where you can edit options < / p > < p > < a href =
/ help / sequence - searches
> more . . < / a > < / p >
we ' d like to inform you that we have updated our privacy notice to comply with europe’s new general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) that applies since 25 may 2018 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c1faa - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 322c42d7 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 325783cd - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32579173 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 32b00457 - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
froese r . & pauly d . ( eds ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase ( version feb 2018 ) . in : roskov y . , abucay l . , orrell t . , nicolson d . , bailly n . , kirk p . m . , bourgoin t . , dewalt r . e . , decock w . , de wever a . , nieukerken e . van , zarucchi j . , penev l . , eds . ( 2018 ) . species 2000 & itis catalogue of life , 30th june 2018 . digital resource at urltoken species 2000 : naturalis , leiden , the netherlands . issn 2405 - 8858 .
urn : lsid : catalogueoflife . org : taxon : 86676f6d - 4e2c - 11e8 - 9ed0 - fa163e792e6e : col20180626
. if you continue to use the site we will assume that you agree with this .
double - check spelling , grammar , punctuation . translators work best when there are no errors or typos .
if words are different , search our dictionary to understand why and pick the right word .
if phrases are different , try searching our examples to help pick the right phrase .
we ' ve combined the most accurate english to spanish translations , dictionary , verb conjugations , and spanish to english translators into one very powerful search box .
spanishdict is devoted to improving our site based on user feedback and introducing new and innovative features that will continue to help people learn and love the spanish language . have a suggestion , idea , or comment ? send us your feedback .
the werner’s killifish is a small fish native to sri lanka where it inhabits small , shallow , slow - flowing , heavily shaded streams and rivulets with a silt or clay substrate .
the werner’s killifish grows to an adult size of 2 . 75 inches long . males are larger , more brightly colored , and have longer fins than females .
the werner’s killifish should be maintained in an aquarium of 20 gallons or larger . it will appreciate floating plants in a forest stream style set - up comprised of a soft substrate ( cs7581 ) , driftwood ( zm2001 ) , and leaf litter ( cs706 ) . submerged aquatic plants may be incorporated as well .
in the aquarium , the werner’s killifish prefers a temperature of 72°f to 79°f , a ph of 6 . 2 to 7 . 2 , and a hardness of 3 to 15°h . clean water with low nitrate levels are a must .
the werner’s killifish can be slightly aggressive and may be kept in a community of fish too large to eat or bully . good tank mates include larger tetra species , peaceful barb species , dwarf cichlids , larger danio species , and smaller catfish species . it may be aggressive to similar killifish species .
wild werner’s killifish feed on insects and fish fry . in the aquarium , they should be fed a varied diet that includes small meaty foods such as live black worms , frozen blood worms ( sf4792 ) , frozen brine shrimp ( sf6777 ) , high quality flakes ( al165 ) , and granules . these fish will look their best and be healthier overall when given probiotics ( al169 ) and garlic in addition to a balanced diet .