aptostichus stephencolberti is a species of spider in the family euctenizidae , named after the american satirist stephen colbert .

the spider was discovered on the california coastline in 2007 .

aptostichus stephencolberti

aptostichus stephencolberti , a newly - discovered spider species named for political satirist stephen colbert .
jennifer hammock selected
distribution
to show in overview on
aptostichus stephencolberti bond , 2008
.
aptostichus stephencolberti bond , in bond & stockman , 2008 : 646 , f . 1 ( d m f ) . aptostichus stephencolberti bond , 2012 : 53 , f . 82 - 90 ( m f ) .
so the biologist showed up on the colbert report . and waddya know : there’s now the aptostichus stephencolberti species of spider .
apostichus stephencolberti . we ' re seeing a pattern here . ( image frpm wikimedia commons )
the name aptostichus stephencolberti was officially announced as the spider named after colbert on the colbert report on august 6 , 2008 . [ 5 ] [ 7 ] because colbert pronounces his surname with a silent
t
, the last
t
in stephencolberti is also silent
i couldn ' t tell for sure but it looked like the stephencolberti was a mygalomorph , maybe even all 3 were .
the aptostichus stephencolberti - the final
t
will be silent , as it is in colbert ' s name - is a trapdoor species of spider discovered along the california coast last year .
in synonymy : aptostichus versicolor ( simon , 1891 ) = aptostichus atomarius simon , 1891 ( bond & opell , 2002 : 518 ) .
aptostichus edwardabbeyi bond 2012 ( trapdoor spider ) named for author and environmentalist edward abbey .
aptostichus pennjillettei bond 2012 ( trapdoor spider ) named for illusionist and intellectual penn jillette .
aptostichus barackobamai bond 2012 ( trapdoor spider ) obama is a reputed fan of spiderman comics .
aptostichus anzaborrego bond , 2012 : 160 , f . 262 - 265 ( d m ) .
aptostichus chemehuevi bond , 2012 : 145 , f . 228 - 235 ( d m ) .
aptostichus chiricahua bond , 2012 : 89 , f . 142 - 145 ( d m ) .
aptostichus derhamgiulianii bond , 2012 : 150 , f . 243 - 248 ( d m ) .
aptostichus fisheri bond , 2012 : 184 , f . 316 - 322 ( d m ) .
aptostichus huntington bond , 2012 : 193 , f . 337 - 341 ( d m ) .
aptostichus isabella bond , 2012 : 108 , f . 165 - 168 ( d m ) .
aptostichus lucerne bond , 2012 : 179 , f . 304 - 310 ( d m ) .
aptostichus pennjillettei bond , 2012 : 81 , f . 120 - 126 ( d m ) .
aptostichus sarlacc bond , 2012 : 147 , f . 236 - 242 ( d m ) .
aptostichus satleri bond , 2012 : 171 , f . 285 - 291 ( d m ) .
aptostichus sierra bond , 2012 : 190 , f . 332 - 336 ( d m ) .
aptostichus sinnombre bond , 2012 : 162 , f . 266 - 273 ( d m ) .
aptostichus chavezi bond 2012 ( trapdoor spider ) named for labor and civil rights activist césar chávez .
aptostichus aguacaliente bond , 2012 : 140 , f . 220 - 227 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus asmodaeus bond , 2012 : 83 , f . 127 - 133 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus barackobamai bond , 2012 : 112 , f . 174 - 187 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus bonoi bond , 2012 : 181 , f . 311 - 315 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus cabrillo bond , 2012 : 102 , f . 157 - 164 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus cahuilla bond , 2012 : 128 , f . 204 - 209 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus cajalco bond , 2012 : 186 , f . 323 - 331 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus chavezi bond , 2012 : 199 , f . 347 - 351 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus dantrippi bond , 2012 : 76 , f . 115 - 119 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus dorothealangeae bond , 2012 : 195 , f . 342 - 346 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus edwardabbeyi bond , 2012 : 157 , f . 257 - 261 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus elisabethae bond , 2012 : 173 , f . 292 - 297 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus fornax bond , 2012 : 177 , f . 298 - 303 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus hedinorum bond , 2012 : 125 , f . 197 - 203 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus icenoglei bond , 2012 : 91 , f . 146 - 156 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus killerdana bond , 2012 : 133 , f . 210 - 214 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus mikeradtkei bond , 2012 : 152 , f . 249 - 256 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus muiri bond , 2012 : 110 , f . 169 - 173 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus nateevansi bond , 2012 : 86 , f . 134 - 141 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus serrano bond , 2012 : 136 , f . 215 - 219 ( d m f ) .
aptostichus angelinajolieae bond , in bond & stockman , 2008 : 646 , f . 1 ( d m f ) . aptostichus angelinajolieae bond , 2012 : 59 , f . 91 - 97 ( m f ) .
aptostichus miwok bond , in bond & stockman , 2008 : 646 , f . 1 ( d m f ) . aptostichus miwok bond , 2012 : 64 , f . 98 - 105 ( m f ) .
after protesting that neil young had an eponymous spider , stephen colbert won his own namesake arachnid last week , aptostichus stephencolberti . on wednesday night ' s
colbert report ,
he hosted a mock - dating show ,
spida of love ,
to choose which spider he would choose as his own .
aptostichus flavipes petrunkevitch , 1925b : 317 , pl . 20 , f . 1 - 2 , 12 ( d f ) . myrmekiaphila flavipes bond & platnick , 2007 : 29 , f . 106 ( t f from aptostichus ) .
aptostichus simus chamberlin , 1917 : 36 , pl . 2 , f . 2 - 3 ( d f ) . aptostichus simus bond , 2012 : 165 , f . 31 - 50 , 274 - 284 ( f , d m ) .
aptostichus sabinae valdez - mondragón & cortez - roldán , 2016 : 84 , f . 1 - 20 ( d m ) .
aptostichus muiri bond 2012 ( trapdoor spider ) named after john muir , who explored and fought to preserve yosemite valley , where the spider was discovered .
aptostichus stanfordianus smith , 1908a : 221 , pl . 13 , f . 20 - 31 , pl . 14 , f . 17 - 29 , pl . 16 , f . 5 - 6 ( d f ) . aptostichus stanfordianus bond , 2012 : 69 , f . 106 - 114 ( f , fig . m ) .
aptostichus bonoi , a newly - discovered spider species form the california desert at joshua tree , named for u2 front man bono in honor of his
joshua tree
album .
aptostichus atomarius simon , 1891f : 317 ( d f ) . actinoxia versicolor simon , 1891f : 318 ( d f ) . aptostichus atomarius smith , 1908a : 220 , pl . 13 , f . 32 , pl . 14 , f . 32 ( f ) . eutychides versicolor smith , 1908a : 214 , pl . 13 , f . 1 - 19 , pl . 14 , f . 1 - 16 , pl . 16 , f . 1 - 2 ( d m , possibly a misidentification of promyrmekiaphila gertschi , per bond & opell , 2002 : 516 ) . aptostichus atomarius bond & opell , 2002 : 518 , f . 13a - i ( f , s m ) . aptostichus atomarius bond , 2012 : 39 , f . 52 - 81 ( m f ) .
the current president also has a trapdoor spider named after him , with it ' s latin name being aptostichus barackobamai . one of 33 new species of the genus aptostichus , obama ' s spider was also named by professor jason bond , in december 2012 . getting bitten by this spider would be a very valid reason to reference the
thanks , obama !
meme that has been circulating the internet for years .
in synonymy : actinoxia simon , 1891 = aptostichus simon , 1891 ( bond & opell , 2002 : 518 ) astrosoga chamberlin , 1940 = eucteniza ausserer , 1875 ( bond & opell , 2002 : 509 ) enrico o . pickard - cambridge , 1895 = eucteniza ausserer , 1875 ( bond & opell , 2002 : 509 ) nemesoides chamberlin , 1919 = aptostichus simon , 1891 ( bond & opell , 2002 : 518 )
nemesoides hespera chamberlin , 1919b : 2 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ( d m ) . aptostichus hesperus bond , 2012 : 119 , f . 188 - 196 ( m , d f ) .
aptostichus bonoi bond 2012 ( trapdoor spider ) named
in honor of bono from the irish rock group u2 and in recognition of the joshua tree album released in march of 1987
. [ zookeys 252 : 1 ]
some of our favourite names for celebs include aptostichus angelinajolieae for angelina jolie ; preseucoila imallshookupis for elvis presley ; and scaptia beyonce for beyoncé . works of art have been appreciated too including our favourites apopyllus now and draculoides bramstokeri .
aptostichus clathratus simon , 1891f : 318 ( d f ) . aptostichus zebrus chamberlin & ivie , 1935b : 3 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 5 ( d m ) [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000411 ] . actinoxia zebra chamberlin , 1937b : 9 , pl . 1 , f . 7 - 11 ( m ) . promyrmekiaphila gertschi schenkel , 1950b : 29 , f . 1a - f ( dj ) [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000516 ] . promyrmekiaphila zebra bond & opell , 2002 : 518 ( t m from aptostichus ) . promyrmekiaphila clathratus bond & opell , 2002 : 521 ( t f from aptostichus ) . promyrmekiaphila gertschi bond & opell , 2002 : 521 , f . 15a - c ( d m f ) . promyrmekiaphila clathrata stockman & bond , 2008 : 32 , f . 1 , 12 - 13 , 25 - 33 ( f , s m ) .
eutychides arizonicus gertsch & wallace , 1936 : 20 , f . 26 - 31 ( d m ) . actinoxia arizonicus chamberlin , 1937b : 9 . entychides arizonica bond & opell , 2002 : 516 , f . 12a - b ( t m from actinoxia = aptostichus , d f ) .
jason bond of alabama ' s auburn university has identified 33 new species of trapdoor spider ( genus aptostichus ) , including three of them in the california desert at joshua tree national park . the park ' s namesake is featured in the title and cover of u2 ' s 1987 album ,
the joshua tree .
the angelina jolie trapdoor spider ( aptostichus angelinajolieae ) is named after , you guessed it , angelina jolie . angie ' s spider hides in burrows , before leaping out to seize prey , injecting it with venom . it is a species of euctenizidae , and was named after her by professor jason bond in 2008 in recognition of her work for the united nations high commission for refugees .
a species of spider will be named for the faux talk show host , who demanded the distinction after complaining that rocker neil young was given his own arachnid namesake .
the colbert report
host - who never breaks character from his blow - hard talking head persona - pitched a fit this week when he learned a spider species would be named for young .
colbert even went so far as to sit on a chair featuring young ' s face as he interviewed his former band , crosby , stills and nash .
east carolina university biologist jason bond , who gives names to new spider species , was listening .
he ' ll appear on the comedy central show wednesday to officially announce colbert ' s eight - legged accolades .
when colbert learned he ' d be similarly honored , he couldn ' t resist sticking it to young .
guess what , neil ? what goes around , lays eggs around . because that same biologist , jason bond , is naming a spider after me ,
colbert said wednesday .
and all i had to do was shamelessly beg on national television .
but colbert added ,
watch out , neil . when they say my spider eats its young , they are talking about you !
bond told the daily news that he has named spiders for people ranging from nelson mandela to his own wife . the sister species of colbert ' s spider is actually named for angelina jolie .
while bond expects to be poked fun of next week , he said he respects colbert ' s commentary and appreciates the attention he is bringing to taxonomy , the description and classification of new species .
it ' s a great opportunity for people to connect with it . i think many people are surprised that there are new species ,
he said .
the stuff that makes the world go round are all the small things .
in 2006 , his fans hijacked an online poll to name a junior hockey team ' s mascot after him , resulting in steagle colbeagle the eagle . and a similar effort narrowly named a bridge over the danube river after colbert , until hungarian officials disqualified him for being alive .
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first - person essays , features , interviews and q & as ; about life today .
the discovery of 33 new trapdoor spider species in the u . s . southwest kicked off a celebrity species - naming throw down
after identifying 33 new trapdoor spider species in the u . s . southwest , one auburn university arachnologist went on a binge of naming spiders after celebrities .
besides giving the researcher a chance to release his inner fanboy and to bestow his daughter with an odd but sweet holiday gift , he also points out that such a remarkable find speaks volumes to how little we know of the biodiversity around us and how many species on the planet still await discovery .
rachel nuwer writes for smart news and is a contributing writer in science for smithsonian . com . she is a freelance science writer based in brooklyn .
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it appeared bono and arachnids didn ' t mix when his
spider - man
musical had a rough broadway run , but that didn ' t keep a biologist from naming an actual spider species after the u2 singer .
the riverside press - enterprise reports that bond named two of the spiders after indian tribes and one , a . bonoi , after bono .
bond also named other spider species after actress angelina jolie and civil rights activist cesar chavez .
other species have been named after naturalist john muir , photographer and photojournalist dorothea lange , magician penn jillette , president barack obama , sarlacc ( a creature from the fictional desert planet tatooine in
star wars
) , and bond ' s 9 - year - old daughter , elisabeth .
the paper reports that , after complaining that he wasn ' t honored with a spider name , political satirist and talk show host stephen colbert was also honored by bond with his own species .
the trapdoor spider , found in the southwestern u . s . , is so - named because it makes a hatch to hide from prey .
© 2013 cbs interactive inc . all rights reserved . this material may not be published , broadcast , rewritten , or redistributed . the associated press contributed to this report .
china only makes $ 8 . 46 from an iphone . that ' s why trump ' s trade war is futile
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platnick , norman i . 2011 . the world spider catalog , v . 11 . 0 . american museum of natural history . database built by robert j . raven from the files underlying the website at urltoken doi : 10 . 5531 / db . iz . 0001
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i saw that bit . it was great , they did a little dating game takeoff with the 3 spiders in vials each on it ' s own little chair . hilarious .
edit : it is a trapdoor , look , it ' s already on wikipedia . didn ' t realize it was an american species . cool .
the show was great - i attended the taping of this episode in nyc ( ah , the perks of having jason as an advisor ! ) and had an amazing time . stephen colbert is hysterical !
it´s nothing personal against jason or you . i totally understand naming species after persons who work ( ed ) in the field of taxonomy and systematics , but those persons achieved nothing in this field . therefore i don´t think they should be honored this way , but that´s just my personal opinion .
but at least stephen colbert does not deserve this honor imo - otherwise i´m going to complain about anything until someone names a new species after me . . . this is not the way this is done !
it doesn´t matter if colbert pronounces the t of his surname silent or not - pronounced as spelled in first description .
at the end of the day , does it really matter what the spider is named ? there are no rules that state that an organism must be named on the basis of its characteristics or after someone in the field . i personally feel that naming a species is an opportunity for researchers to be a little creative and have some fun in an otherwise ( sometimes ) dry subject area . a patronym is indeed an honor , but why does it have to be named for a person who has made contributions to arachnology or taxonomy only ? why can ' t other people who have made important contributions in other areas have a patronym ?
we have named a species after nelson mandela - it would be hard to argue against the importance of his contributions to the world , not just our little circle of arachnid enthusiasts . i think that is entirely worthy of having a patronym . jason named a species after angelina jolie - not because she is a beautiful actress - but because she promotes humanitarian causes throughout the world . again , i would say she has made some important contributions to all of us , directly or indirectly .
registration is free , and dedicated forums exist for the discussion of tarantulas , true spiders , centipedes & scorpions . we also have classifieds , reviews , bite / sting / breeding reports and more ! .
dolomedes briangreenei , a spider endemic to queensland , and named after a famous physicist . ( queensland museum )
physicist brian greene just got a namesake spider species in queensland - but he ' s just one of many who received this , er , interesting honour .
a new water spider , found in brisbane and endemic to queensland , has been named after brian greene , the world renowned physicist and co - founder of the new york - based world science festival .
dolomedes briangreenei is a new species of the dolomedes genus . it uses vibrations - or ' waves ' - on the surface of the water to navigate and search for prey .
“it’s wonderful that this beautiful native spider , which relies on waves for its very survival , has found a namesake in a man who is one of the world’s leading experts in exploring and explaining the effects of waves in our universe , ” queensland premier annastacia palaszczuk said as she unveiled the new spider at the opening of the inaugural world science festival in brisbane today .
and professor greene described himself as
honoured to be so closely associated with a spider that has its own deep affinity for waves ,
on the tail of humankind ' s first detection of gravitational waves .
with a diet that features small fish , tadpoles , and even frogs , dolomedes briangreenei is also a competent swimmer , usually launching itself from the sides of pools and off rocks , and scampering across the water surface with the two middle leg pairs .
if you ' re arachnophobic , you ' re probably not keen on running into these creepy crawlies , so here ' s what you need to look out for . dolomedes briangreenei is a dark spider with long legs ; males have bold white stripes along the sides of its head , whereas in females the stripe is narrower and fawn coloured .
on the other hand , if you ' re a spider enthusiast , here ' s a list of 12 other famous people who have had spiders named after them .
hapalopus aldanus looks nothing like the amiable actor . ( image from tarantulasdemexico . com )
alan alda , star of m * a * s * h and founder of the alan alda center for communicating science at stony brook university , is terribly afraid of spiders . however , he has a mexican spider called hapalopus aldanus named after him . fittingly , alda is co - headlining the brisbane world science festival with brian greene .
on 8 march alan alda attended the opening of a new science communication centre at the anu . ( aap )
actor angelina jolie speaks at the united nations in 2015 . for some reason spiders tend to be named after famous men , with jolie being a pleasant exception .
known for playing spiderman in the early ' 00s trilogy , tobey maguire also has an actual spider named after him . the filistata maguirei is a species of the araneomorph spider family filistatidae . endemic to hormozgan province , iran , the male holotype of tobey ' s spider measured 5 . 5mm , while the female paratype measured 9 . 5mm . no word on if it has the same cry - face as tobey in the films , though .
tobey maguire isn ' t the only spiderman with a spider named in his honour , though . andrew garfield , star of the 2012 reboot , the amazing spider - man and its 2014 sequel , also has a spider named after him .
is a species of the araneomorph spider family filistatidae . endemic to tehran province , iran , males typically measure up at 2 . 37mm , while females measure around 4 . 48 mm .
the
glass spider
singer lives on in his spiders namesake , the heteropoda davidbowie . bowie ' s spider belongs to the huntsman family and lives in malaysia . they get their name from the resemblance they bear to the late singer ' s signature painted face , and are typically found on tree bark .
calponia harrisonfordi , image by marshal hedin / cc by - sa 2 . 0
you ' re bound to get frantic if you ever discover the calponia harrisonfordi running around your home . a california native ( unlike the actor , who was born in chicago ) , this spider was discovered in 1993 by arachnologist norman i . platnick , is the only species of the genus calponia and is one of the most primitive members of the caponiidae family .
because they ' re pretty rare , there ' s a lot about the physiology of ford ' s spider is not understood , but word on the street is that they eat other spiders .
imagine all the people , living life in sheer terror of john lennon ' s tarantula . the bumba lennoni was discovered in 2015 in the caxiuanã national forest in brazil . while the one - inch spider is small for a tarantula , it shares its genus with the larger b . horrida , and has many traits that imply it is closely related to theraphosa blondi the goliath birdeater spider , the largest known extant spider species .
nelson mandela has not only one , but two spiders named after him , the anelosimus nelsoni and the stasimopus mandelai . both spiders are south african , with the anelosimus nelsoni belonging to the theridiidae family , and the stasimopus mandelai being a species of ctenizid trapdoor spider .
ew . this is stasimopus mandelai , probably not known for its human rights activism . ( image by zootaxa )
the anelosimus nelsoni holotype and paratype were found 5km south of cape vidal , on fanies island . meanwhile , the stasimopus mandelai syntopically with s . schoenlandi and a number of other mygalomorph spiders at the great fish river nature reserve .
despite being first collected in 1986 , attenborough ' s goblin spider ( or prethopalpus attenboroughi ) was only described in 2012 , by dr barbara baehr of the queensland museum , and professor mark harvey of the western australian museum . it ' s found only on horn island , located off northern queensland - and so far all we have is a male specimen .
on a later edition of the show , colbert revealed that he had spoken with bond and that the scientist had agreed to name a spider after him .
and all i had to do was shamelessly beg on national television !
colbert quipped .
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n . b . : removed from the cyrtaucheniidae and elevated to family level by bond & hedin , in bond et al . , 2012b : 10 ( considered more closely related to idiopidae than to other cyrtaucheniidae ) .
a . bond & opell , 2002 : 523 , type a . schlingeri bond & opell , 2002 ; transferred here from the cyrtaucheniidae by bond & hedin , in bond et al . , 2012b : 10 .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 039451 ]
apomastus kristenae bond , 2004 : 372 , f . 6a - f , 8a - f ( d m f ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 037432 ]
apomastus schlingeri bond & opell , 2002 : 525 , f . 17a - d ( d m f ) . apomastus schlingeri bond , 2004 : 368 , f . 5a - e , 6g ( m f ) .
n . b . : transferred from the ctenizidae to the cyrtaucheniidae by raven , 1985a : 137 , here by bond & hedin , in bond et al . , 2012b : 10 ; considered a senior synonym of actinoxia simon , 1891 and nemesioides chamberlin , 1919 ( which were transferred here from the ctenizidae by raven , 1985a : 137 ; the spelling nemesioides , used in all previous catalogs , is erroneous ) by bond & opell , 2002 : 518 .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045646 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041899 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045652 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045634 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000457 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045641 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045658 ]
| | usa , mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045638 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045643 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045660 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045664 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045647 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045636 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045632 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045649 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045663 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045651 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045655 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045659 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045656 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045642 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000515 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045662 ]
| | usa , mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045637 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045639 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045644 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045657 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045650 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041900 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045640 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045635 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045633 ]
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 048972 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045648 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045654 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045645 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045661 ]
| | usa , mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000460 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 045653 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000461 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041898 ]
n . b . : eutychides is an unjustified emendation ; transferred from the ctenizidae to the cyrtaucheniidae by raven , 1985a : 152 , here by bond & hedin , in bond et al . , 2012b : 10 .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000409 ]
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000493 ]
entychides aurantiacus simon , 1888b : 213 ( d f ) . entychides aurantiacus simon , 1892a : 109 , f . 107 . entychides aurantiacus f . o . pickard - cambridge , 1897a : 11 , pl . 1 , f . 3 ( f ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000494 ]
| | guadeloupe [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 036931 ]
n . b . : transferred here from the ctenizidae by raven , 1985a : 137 ; considered a senior synonym of enrico o . pickard - cambridge , 1895 and astrosoga chamberlin , 1940b : 5 , type a . rex chamberlin , 1940 ( which were transferred here from the ctenizidae by raven , 1985a : 137 ) by bond & opell , 2002 : 509 .
in synonymy : eucteniza rex ( chamberlin , 1940 ) = eucteniza relata ( o . pickard - cambridge , 1895 ) ( bond & godwin , 2013 : 45 ) . eucteniza stolida ( gertsch & mulaik , 1940 ) = eucteniza relata ( o . pickard - cambridge , 1895 ) ( bond & godwin , 2013 : 45 ) .
homonym replaced : eucteniza mexicana ( o . pickard - cambridge , 1895 ) - - see eucteniza atoyacensis
nomen dubium : eucteniza atoyacensis bond & opell , 2002 : 509 ( replacement name for enrico mexicanus o . pickard - cambridge , 1895a : 157 , pl . 19 , f . 8 ; see also f . o . pickard - cambridge , 1897a : 12 , pl . 1 , f . 7 , j , mexico ) [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000492 ] - - bond & godwin , 2013 : 39 .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046482 ]
eucteniza cabowabo bond & godwin , 2013 : 51 , f . 37 - 42 ( d m f ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046479 ]
eucteniza caprica bond & godwin , 2013 : 40 , f . 13 - 17 ( d m ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046485 ]
eucteniza chichimeca bond & godwin , 2013 : 55 , f . 53 - 57 ( d m ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046480 ]
eucteniza coylei bond & godwin , 2013 : 43 , f . 18 - 22 ( d m ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046481 ]
eucteniza diablo bond & godwin , 2013 : 49 , f . 31 - 36 ( d m f ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046488 ]
eucteniza golondrina bond & godwin , 2013 : 61 , f . 69 - 73 ( d m ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046487 ]
eucteniza hidalgo bond & godwin , 2013 : 59 , f . 64 - 68 ( d m ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046483 ]
eucteniza huasteca bond & godwin , 2013 : 53 , f . 43 - 47 ( d m ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000495 ]
eucteniza mexicana ausserer , 1875 : 149 , pl . 5 , f . 8 - 9 ( dj ) . eucteniza mexicana f . o . pickard - cambridge , 1897a : 12 , pl . 1 , f . 2 ( j ) . eucteniza mexicana bond & godwin , 2013 : 40 , f . 8 - 12 ( d m ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046489 ]
eucteniza panchovillai bond & godwin , 2013 : 62 , f . 74 ( d f ) .
| | usa , mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000496 ]
favilla relatus o . pickard - cambridge , 1895a : 156 , pl . 19 , f . 6 ( d m ) . eucteniza relata f . o . pickard - cambridge , 1897a : 13 . myrmekiaphila comstocki gertsch , 1935a : 3 , f . 3 ( f , misidentified ) . astrosoga stolida gertsch & mulaik , 1940 : 310 , f . 1 - 4 , 26 ( d m f ) [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000463 ] . astrosoga rex chamberlin , 1940b : 5 ( d m ) [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000462 ] . astrosoga rex chamberlin & ivie , 1945a : 556 , f . 8 - 10 ( m ) . eucteniza rex bond & opell , 2002 : 512 , f . 8a - e ( m f ) . eucteniza relata bond & godwin , 2013 : 45 , f . 2 - 7 , 23 - 30 ( m , s f ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046486 ]
eucteniza ronnewtoni bond & godwin , 2013 : 57 , f . 58 - 63 ( d m ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046490 ]
eucteniza rosalia bond & godwin , 2013 : 63 , f . 75 ( d f ) .
| | mexico [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 046484 ]
eucteniza zapatista bond & godwin , 2013 : 54 , f . 48 - 52 ( d m ) . eucteniza zapatista valdez - mondragón & cortez - roldán , 2016 : 90 , f . 21 - 51 ( d f , m ) .
n . b . : transferred from the ctenizidae to the cyrtaucheniidae by raven , 1985a : 137 , here by bond & hedin , in bond et al . , 2012b : 10 ; other spellings are invalid emendations .
in synonymy : myrmekiaphila atkinsoni simon , 1891 = myrmekiaphila foliata atkinson , 1886 ( bond & platnick , 2007 : 9 ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000512 ]
myrmekiaphila comstocki bishop & crosby , 1926 : 168 , pl . 20 , f . 7 - 8 ( d m ) . myrmekiaphila fluviatilis petrunkevitch , 1929a : 516 , pl . 1 , f . 10 - 12 ( m , misidentified ) . myrmekiaphila comstocki gertsch , 1935a : 3 , f . 3 ( d f ) . myrmekiaphila comstocki bond & platnick , 2007 : 11 , f . 5 , 15 , 25 , 41 - 47 ( m f ) . myrmekiaphila comstocki bailey et al . , 2010 : 8 , f . 4 ( m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041265 ]
myrmekiaphila coreyi bond & platnick , 2007 : 13 , f . 6 , 16 , 26 , 49 - 55 ( d m f ) . myrmekiaphila coreyi bailey et al . , 2010 : 8 , f . 4 ( m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000459 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000513 ]
mygale fluviatilis hentz , 1850 : 286 , pl . 10 , f . 15 ( d f ) . myrmekiaphila fluviatilis simon , 1892a : 107 . bolostromus fluviatilis banks , 1892b : 147 . myrmekiaphila fluviatilis comstock , 1912 : 239 , f . 222 ( d m ) . myrmekiaphila fluviatilis bond & platnick , 2007 : 14 , f . 7 , 17 , 27 , 56 - 62 ( m f ) . myrmekiaphila fluviatilis bailey et al . , 2010 : 3 , f . 2b , 4 ( m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041264 ]
myrmekiaphila foliata atkinson , 1886 : 132 , pl . 5 , f . 6 - 7 , 12 , 14 , 22 ( d f ) . myrmekiaphila atkinsoni simon , 1891f : 316 ( d f ) [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000511 ] . myrmekiaphila fluviatilis bishop & crosby , 1926 : 166 , pl . 20 , f . 1 - 6 ( m , misidentified ) . myrmekiaphila foliata bond & platnick , 2007 : 9 , f . 4 , 14 , 24 , 33 - 39 ( removed f from s of m . fluviatilis , s , d m ) . myrmekiaphila foliata bailey et al . , 2010 : 3 , f . 2a , 4 ( m ) . myrmekiaphila foliata bond et al . , 2012a : 97 , f . 1 ( m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041269 ]
myrmekiaphila howelli bond & platnick , 2007 : 26 , f . 12 , 22 , 93 - 98 ( d m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041266 ]
myrmekiaphila jenkinsi bond & platnick , 2007 : 16 , f . 8 , 18 , 28 , 64 - 70 ( d m f ) . myrmekiaphila jenkinsi bailey et al . , 2010 : 8 , f . 4 ( m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041268 ]
myrmekiaphila millerae bond & platnick , 2007 : 24 , f . 11 , 21 , 31 , 86 - 92 ( d m f ) . myrmekiaphila millerae bailey et al . , 2010 : 8 , f . 4 ( m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041270 ]
myrmekiaphila minuta bond & platnick , 2007 : 27 , f . 13 , 23 , 32 , 99 - 105 ( d m f ) . myrmekiaphila minuta bailey et al . , 2010 : 3 , f . 2c ( m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041267 ]
myrmekiaphila neilyoungi bond & platnick , 2007 : 21 , f . 2 - 3 , 10 , 20 , 30 , 78 - 84 ( d m f ) . myrmekiaphila neilyoungi bailey et al . , 2010 : 8 , f . 4 ( m ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 044911 ]
myrmekiaphila tigris bond & ray , in bond et al . , 2012a : 101 , f . 1 , 3 - 11 ( d m f ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000514 ]
myrmekiaphila torreya gertsch & wallace , 1936 : 15 , f . 15 , 17 - 25 ( d m f ) . myrmekiaphila torreya bond & platnick , 2007 : 19 , f . 9 , 19 , 29 , 71 - 77 ( m f ) . myrmekiaphila torreya bailey et al . , 2010 : 8 , f . 4 ( m ) . myrmekiaphila torreya bond et al . , 2012a : 96 , f . 1 ( m ) .
n . bond & opell , 2002 : 514 , type n . rothi bond & opell , 2002 ; transferred here from the cyrtaucheniidae by bond & hedin , in bond et al . , 2012b : 10 .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 037433 ]
neoapachella rothi bond & opell , 2002 : 515 , f . 11a - d ( d m f ) .
p . schenkel , 1950b : 28 , type p . gertschi schenkel , 1950 ; transferred from the theraphosidae to the ctenizidae by brignoli , 1983c : 116 , to the cyrtaucheniidae by raven , 1985a : 137 , here by bond & hedin , in bond et al . , 2012b : 10 .
in synonymy : promyrmekiaphila gertschi schenkel , 1950 = promyrmekiaphila clathrata ( simon , 1891 ) ( stockman & bond , 2008 : 32 ) . promyrmekiaphila zebra ( chamberlin & ivie , 1935 ) = promyrmekiaphila clathrata ( simon , 1891 ) ( stockman & bond , 2008 : 32 ) .
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 000458 ]
| | usa [ urn : lsid : nmbe . ch : spidersp : 041817 ]
promyrmekiaphila winnemem stockman & bond , 2008 : 38 , f . 8 - 11 , 14 - 24 , 34 - 41 ( d m f ) .
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bufonaria borisbeckeri parth , 1996 ( bursid sea snail ) etymology :
ich widme die neue art boris becker , dem meines erachtens größten deutschen einzelsportler aller zeiten .
[ spixiana 19 ( 1 ) : 129 ]
eulaema atleticana nemésio , 2009 ( bee ) named in honor of the 100 - year anniversary of clube atlético mineiro , a brazilian football ( soccer ) team . the black and yellow stripes on the bee ' s metasoma resemble the striped official players ' t - shirt .
eulaema quadragintanovem nemésio & ferrari , 2012 ( bee ) the name is latin for 49 , the jersey number of soccer superstar ronaldinho gaúcho of clube atlético mineiro .
mastophora dizzydeani eberhard , 1984 ( spider ) named after a baseball player . the spider uses a sticky ball on the end of a thread to catch its prey .
agaporomorphus colberti wheeler & miller , 2009 ( diving beetle ) wheeler said ,
last year , stephen shamelessly asked the science community to name something cooler than a spider to honor him . his top choices were a giant ant or a laser lion . while those would be cool species to discover , our research involves beetles , and they are ' way cooler ' than a spider any day .
diamphipnoa colberti stark , 2008 ( stonefly ) for stephen colbert , of the colbert report . [ illiesia 4 ( 4 ) : 55 . ]
albunea groeningi boyko , 2002 ( sand crab ( crustacea : anomura : albuneidae ) ) named for matt groening , creator of
the simpsons
.
aleiodes elleni shimbori & shaw , 2014 ( parasitic wasp ) named after ellen degeneres . [ zookeys 405 : 1 ]
aleiodes falloni shimbori & shaw , 2014 ( parasitic wasp ) named after james thomas ( jimmy ) fallon .
aleiodes stewarti shimbori & shaw , 2014 ( parasitic wasp ) named after jon stewart of the daily show .
campsicnemius charliechaplini evenhuis , 1996 ( dolichopodid fly )
etymology : this species is named in honor of the great silent movie comedian , charlie chaplin , because of the curious tendency of this fly to die with its midlegs in a bandy - legged position .
[ bishop mus . occ . pap . 0 ( 45 ) : 54 ]
cuspicephalus scarfi martill and etches , 2011 ( pterosaur ) named for artist / cartoonist gerald scarfe , whose caricatures mostly have very pointed noses .
strigiphilus garylarsoni clayton , ~ 1989 ( owl louse )
i considered this an extreme honor . besides , i knew no one was going to write and ask to name a new species of swan after me . you have to grab these opportunities when they come along .
- gary larson
montypythonoides riversleighensis smith & plane , 1985 ( fossil snake ) the genus is no longer valid ; this species is now called morelia riversleighensis .
anatoma tobeyoides geiger & jansen , 2004 ( snail ) named for american abstract expressionist painter mark tobey , because the sculpture on the snail shell is reminiscent of his work .
effigia okeeffeae nesbitt 2007 . ( archosaur ) from ghost ranch , new mexico , near where the artist georgia o ' keeffe lived .
gaudipluma artal et al . 2013 ( eocene crab ) its carapace resembles the buildings of catalan architect antoní gaudí . [ zootaxa 3652 : 343 ]
microchilo elgrecoi bleszynski , 1966 ( crambid moth ) after the spanish painter el greco . [ acta zool . cracoviensia 11 : 451 ]
microchilo murilloi bleszynski , 1966 ( crambid moth ) after the mexican painter murillo ( dr . atl ) . [ acta zool . cracoviensia 11 : 451 ]
pseudocatharylla gioconda bleszynski , 1964 ( crambid moth )
described from a unique female
and
very distinctive .
[ acta zool . cracoviensia 11 : 683 ]
aleiodes frosti shimbori & shaw , 2014 ( parasitic wasp ) named after robert frost , in reference to his poem
the road not taken .
this wasp is unique in its genus in exiting its host caterpillar through a posterior side hole .
alsasuacaris nostradamus bakel et al . , 2011 ( cyclid crustacean ) one of the authors had predicted a year beforehand that cyclids would be found in the area .
aesopichthys poplin & lund , 2000 ( fossil actinopterygian fish ) named for aesop .
arthurdactylus conandoylensis frey & martill , 1994 ( brazilian pterosaur ) named after arthur conan doyle in honor of his story the lost world , which is set in jungle similar to where the fossil was found , and in which a living pterosaur is brought back to london .
draculoides bramstokeri harvey & humphreys , 1995 ( schizomid ) bram stoker was the author of dracula .
crichtonpelta lü et al . , 2007 ( cretaceous ankylosaurid ) named after jurassic park author michael crichton . (
pelta
means small shield . )
crichtonsaurus dong , 2002 ( ankylosaur dinosaur ) named after jurassic park author michael crichton . it has since been considered a nomen dubium , and a species originally described in this genus , c . benxiensis , has been renamed crichtonpelta .
bienosaurus crichtonii , 2000 [ nomen nudum ] ( small biped dinosaur ) named after michael crichton , but not published with a description . reassigned to b . lufengensis dong , 2001 .
cyclocepahala casanova ratcliffe and cave , 2009 ( scarab beetle ) so named for the heart - shaped mark on its wing covers .
pectinivalva ( casanovula ) hoare , 2013 ( moth ) the subgenus is named
after the famous italian adventurer and philanderer giacomo casanova , in reference to the unusual sexual ornamentation of the males of some species .
[ zookeys 278 ]
daisya obriani anderson , 2003 ( weevil ) named for patrick o ' brian , writer of english naval books .
darwinilus sedarisi chatzimanolis , 2014 ( rove beetle ) named after writer / humorist david sedaris
as an appreciation for his fascination with the natural world .
etmopterus benchleyi ( ninja lanternshark ) honoring peter benchley , author of jaws and advocate for shark conservation .
leucothoe tolkieni g . vinogradov , 1990 ( amphipod ) named after j . r . r . tolkien . [ vinogradov , g . m . 1990 . trudy instituta okeanologii an sssr ( transactions of the inst . of oceanology of the ussr academy of science ) 124 : 27 - 104 ( in russian ) . ]
goethaeana girault , 1920 ( eulophid wasp ) named for johann goethe . one species is g . shakespearei .
ibyka skog and banks , 1973 ( fossil plant )
from the poet ibykos whose murder was revealed by cranes . this plant was only discovered because of quarrying operations [ involving a different sort of crane ] for the construction of gilboa dam .
[ amer . j . bot . 60 : 368 . ]
kankuamo marquezi perafán , galvis & gutiérrez , 2016 ( tarantula ) named after nobel - prize winning author gabriel garcía márquez , who , like the spider , lived in columbia . [ zookeys 601 : 89 ]
goniopholis kiplingi andrade , 2011 ( cretaceous crocodile ) in recognition of rudyard kipling ' s enthusiasm for natural sciences .
idiomacromerus longfellowi girault , 1917 ( torymid wasp ) named after henry wadsworth longfellow .
lampanyctus steinbecki bolin , 1939 ( longfin lampfish ) bolin created this name to repay steinbeck ' s giving him a signed first edition of one of his novels . apparently , steinbeck was not pleased , because he asked for the book back .
legionella shakespearei verma et al . 1992 ( bacterium ) isolated from a cooling tower in stratford - upon - avon .
livyatan melvillei lambert et al . 2010 ( fossil sperm whale ) named for the author of moby dick , which book includes , in addition to its famous whale , a chapter on whale fossils .
nabokovia ( lycaenid butterfly ) named after vladimir nabokov , himself an entomologist who studied butterflies in the same subfamily . see also names from fictional characters for butterfly names derived from nabokov ' s writings .
orthaspidoceras schilleri ( oppel , 1863 ) ( jurassic cephalopod ) originally ammonites schilleri . perhaps the oldest described species named after a non - ancient poet , freidrich schiller .
papilio antimachus drury , 1782 ( swallowtail ) named for greek poet antimachus of colophon . ( linnaeus chose names of greek heroes for butterflies in the genus papilio ; others have expanded on that convention . )
richteria girault , 1920 ( mymarid wasp ) named for german humorist and novelist jean paul ( born johann paul friedrich richter ) .
heliconius sapho ( drury 1782 ) ( butterfly ) both named for sappho , the famous greek poet .
psephophorus terrypratchetti köhler , 1995 ( eocene fossil turtle ) terry pratchett wrote a series of fantasy books set on a world carried on the back of a giant turtle . [ j . royal soc . n . z . 25 : 371 ]
serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei rich & vickers - rich , 2003 ( cretaceous ceratopsian dinosaur from australia ) . named for sci - fi author arthur c . clark , who in 1956 emigrated to ceylon / sri lanka , formerly known as serendib .
tetramorium adamsi hita garcia & fisher , 2012 ( ant ) named for douglas adams , best known for
the hitchhiker ' s guide to the galaxy
series . [ zootaxa 3592 : 51 ]
fernandocrambus chopinellus bleszynski , 1967 ( crambid moth ) [ acta zool . cracoviensia 12 : 39 ]
salinoctomys loschalchalerosorum mares , braun , barquez & díaz , 2000 ( chalchalero viscacha rat )
named for the great argentine folklore group , ' los chalchaleros , ' in honor of their 52 years singing the traditional music of western argengina , its habitats , and its history .
[ mares et al . , 2000 . occasional papers , museum of texas tech university 203 : i + 27 ]


bebearia comus , the broad-banded forester , is a butterfly in the nymphalidae family .

it is found in nigeria and cameroon and from equatorial guinea to the democratic republic of the congo .

the habitat consists of forests .

the larvae feed on calamus and eremospatha species .

bebearia comus

bebearia ( apectinaria ) comus ( ward , 1871 ) = euryphene comus ward , 1871 = bebearia ( apectinaria ) comus .
euryphene comus ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons
bebearia ( bebearia ) aurora graueri hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 31
etude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe brunhilda kby
etude des bebearia ( note no . 7 ) . sous - genre bebearia hemming groupe severini aur .
bebearia mandinga beni hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 11
bebearia sophus monforti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 20
bebearia hassoni hecq , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 2 ) : 39
bebearia fontaineana intersecta hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 35
remarques sur quelques especes de nymphalidae africains des genres euphaedra , bebearia et euriphene .
etude des bebearia ( note no 4 ) . sous - genre apectinaria hecq groupe mardania
bebearia cocalioides hecqi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 46
revision du genre bebearia . note no . 1 . le groupe ' flaminia ' stgr .
bebearia dowsetti hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 25 ; tl : rwanda
bebearia bouyeri van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 40
etude des bebearia ( note no . 6 ) . les groupes du sous - genre apectinaria hecq
bebearia ultima hecq , 1990 ; revue ent . gen . 1 : 38 ; tl : basse casmance
bebearia faraveli oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 35 ; tl : gabon
bebearia paludicola holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 47 ; tl : cameroon
bebearia tini oremans , 1998 ; ent . africana 3 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : lolo valley
bebearia cocalia insularis kielland , 1985 ; arnoliad zimbabwe 9 ( 19 ) : 271 ; tl : pemba i .
bebearia orientis malawiensis holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 56 ; tl : malawi
bebearia paludicola blandi holmes , 2001 ; trop . zool . 14 ( 1 ) : 48 ; tl : ghana
bebearia aurora theia hecq , 1989 ; lambillionea 89 : 72 ; tl : shaba , riv . lulua , kapanga
bebearia flaminia leventisi hecq & larsen , 1997 ; lambillionea 97 ( 1 ii ) : 102 , f . 1
bebearia hemming , 1960 ; annot . lep . ( 1 ) : 12 - 17 ; ts : euryphene iturina karsch
bebearia improvisa ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 1
bebearia ivindoensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 36 ; tl : gabon
bebearia lopeensis van de weghe , 2007 ; ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 37 ; tl : gabon
= bebearia senegalensis katera ; hancock , 1992 , j . lep . soc . 46 ( 1 ) : 60 ♂ only
bebearia aurora ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 15 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia kiellandi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia ikelemba kamituga ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia hargreavesi d ' abrera , 1980 ; butterflies of the afrotropical region : 302 ; tl : masisi , n . w . kivu , 5000ft
bebearia fontaineana fontaineana ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 7 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia fontaineana intersecta ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia amieti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 1 , pl . 2 , f . 7 , 10 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia dowsetti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia peetersi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia tessmanni innocuoides hecq , 2000 ; butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 17 , f . 7 ; tl : nigeria , okomu
bebearia ducarmei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 20 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia bioculata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 21 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia cutteri camiadei hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 2 , 5 ; tl : congo , bangui
bebearia baueri ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 7 - 8 , pl . 31 , f . 1 - 2
bebearia hargreavesi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 12 , f . 2 - 4 , 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia hassoni ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 7 , pl . 13 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia cottoni ; [ bafr ] , 301 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 9 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia fulgurata ; [ bafr ] , 303 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 9 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia fontainei ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 13 , f . 3 - 4
bebearia raeveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 4 , pl . 30 , f . 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia allardi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 13 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia picturata ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 24 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia cutteri cuypersi hecq , 2002 ; lambillionea 102 ( 2 ) : 205 , pl . 2 , f . 4 , pl . 3 , f . 1 ; tl : congo , lukolela
bebearia schoutedeni ; [ bafr ] , 316 ( text ) ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 11 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia ikelemba ; [ ebw ] ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia discors ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 29 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia oremansi ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 16 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 29 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia liberti ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 18 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 19 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia tini ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 23 , f . 7 - 8 , pl . 30 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia chilonis ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 27 , f . 3 - 4 , pl . 32 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia faraveli ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 6 , pl . 24 , f . 5 - 6 , pl . 30 , f . 7 - 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia makala ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 1 - 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia chloeropis ; [ bafr ] , 312 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 3 - 4 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia braytoni ; [ bafr ] , 304 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 5 , pl . 25 , f . 5 - 6 ; [ afrl ]
van de weghe , 2007 description de trois nouvelles especes de bebearia du cameroun et du gabon , et mise au point sur certaines especes ( lepidoptera , nymphalidae , limenitinae ) ent . afr . 12 ( 1 ) : 35 - 43
bebearia chriemhilda ; [ bafr ] , 302 ; [ bk ] : 308 , pl . 41 , f . 511 ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 3 , pl . 10 , f . 8 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia intermedia ; [ bafr ] , 314 ( text ) ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 4 , pl . 22 , f . 1 - 2 , pl . 30 , f . 2 ; [ afrl ]
bebearia cinaethon ; [ bow ] : pl . 92 , f . 23 ( text only ) ; [ bafr ] , 308 ; [ nhm card ] ; hecq , 2000 , butterflies of the world 9 : 2 , pl . 4 , f . 5 ; [ afrl ]
jacques hecq , 2000 , schmetterlinge der erde , butterflies of the world part ix ( 9 ) , nymphalidae iv - bebearia . edited by erich bauer and thomas frankenbach keltern : goecke & evers ; canterbury : hillside books . isbn 9783931374501 and supplement 3 - detailed text in french .
defining species groups is a convenient way of subdividing well - defined genera with a large number of recognized species . bebearia species are so arranged in assemblages called
species groups
but ( not superspecies , but an informal phenetic arrangement ) . these may or may not be clades . as molecular phylogenetic studies continue , lineages distinct enough to warrant some formal degree of recognition become evident and new groupings are suggested , but consistent ranking remains a problem .
euryphene tentyris hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] , pl . [ 22 ] , f . 21 - 22 ; tl : old calabar
euryphene tentyris var . seeldrayersi aurivillius , 1899 ; k . svenska vetenskakad . handl . 31 ( 5 ) : 201 ; tl : congo , momporo
guinea , sierra leone , libera , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]
ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , congo , zaire . see [ maps ]
sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , w . uganda , nw . tanzania . see [ maps ]
euryphene carshena hewitson , 1871 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene vii ) : [ 48 ] , pl . [ 24 ] , f . 31 - 32 ; tl : old calabar
euryphene tentyris var . languida schultze , 1920 ; ergeb . 2tn . dt . zent . afrika exp . 1 ( 14 ) : 724
papilio absolon fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 56
e . guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire
euryphene entebbiae lathy , 1906 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1906 ( 1 ) : 5 , pl . 2 , f . 1 ; tl : entebbe , uganda
nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire . see [ maps ]
sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda . see [ maps ]
aterica zonara butler , 1871 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1871 : 81 ; tl : fantee , cape coast
: pl . 92 , f . 20 ( text only , spell . ? )
aterica abesa hewitson , 1869 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1869 ( 1 ) : 74 ; tl : cape coast castle
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , zaire
euryphene oxione hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 44 ] ; tl : old calabar
cameroon , gabon , congo , angola , c . a . r . , zaire , uganda
euryphene oxione squalida talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : entebbe
cameroon , congo , zaire , w . uganda ( bwamba , toro ) . see [ maps ]
euryphene cinaethon hewitson , 1874 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ix ) : [ 52 ] , pl . [ 26 ] , f . 40 - 41 ; tl : west africa
euryphene ikelemba aurivillius , 1901 ; ent . tidskr . 22 : 116 ; tl : ikelemba r .
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]
papilio cocalia fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 250
zaire ( kivu ) , w . uganda , w . kenya , nw . tanzania
euryphene badiana rebel , 1914 ; ann . mus . wien . 28 : 245 , pl . 20 , f . 23 - 24
e . nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , n . angola , zaire , w . uganda , w . tanzania , w . zambia
senegal , gambia , guinea bissau , n . guinea , n . sierra leone , n . ivory coast . see [ maps ]
euryphene senegalensis herrich - schäffer , [ 1850 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( ii ) 1 : 54 , 1 ( ? 6 ) pl . [ 23 ] , f . 95 - 98
euryphene orientis karsch , 1895 ; ent . nachr . 21 ( 18 ) : 277
euryphene mardania dealbata carcasson , 1958 ; occ . pap . coryndon mus . 5 : 8
nigeria , cameroon , congo , w . zaire , n . angola . see [ maps ]
euryphene guineensis c . & r . felder , [ 1867 ] ; reise fregatte novara , bd 2 ( abth . 2 ) ( 3 ) : 430 ; tl : guinea , calabar vetus
papilio sophus fabricius , 1793 ; ent . syst . 3 ( 1 ) : 46
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , benin , nigeria , cameroon , . . . ?
euryphene phreone feisthamel , 1850 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . ( 2 ) 8 : 253 ( boisduval )
euryphene sophus audeoudi riley , 1936 ; mitt . schweiz . ent . ges . 16 ( 11 ) : 702 , pl . 7 , f . 2
eyryphene sophus ochreata carcasson , 1961 ; occ . pap . coryndon meml mus . ( 7 ) : 8
aterica barce doubleday , 1847 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 1 ) 20 : 64 ; tl : sierra leone
euryphene barce maculata aurivillius , 1912 ; in seitz , gross - schmett . erde 13 : 178 , pl . 40 a
euryphene staudingeri aurivillius , 1893 ; ent . tidskr . 14 : 199 ; tl : camerun , n ' dian
nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , angola , zaire , uganda , nw . tanzania , n . zambia . see [ maps ]
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana . see [ maps ]
e . nigeria , cameroon , e . zaire , gabon . see [ maps ]
nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , c . a . r .
euryphene brunhilda kirby , 1889 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 6 ) 3 ( 15 ) : 247 ; tl : cameroons
euryphene iturina karsch , 1894 ; ent . nachr . 20 ( 14 / 15 ) : 215
euryphene schoutedeni overlaet , 1954 ; ann . mus . congo belge ( n . s . ) sci . zool . 1 : 490
coastal areas ( e . kenya , e . tanzania ) . see [ maps ]
euryphene chriemhilda staudinger , 1896 ; dt . ent . z . iris 8 ( 2 ) : 370 , pl . 8 , f . 4
euryphene congolensis capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxii ; tl : kassai
euryphene phranza hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( euryphene ii ) : [ 37 ] , pl . [ 19 ] , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : old calabar
euriphene phranza robiginosus talbot , 1927 ; rev . zool . afr . 15 : 267
cameroon - zaire ( mbandaka - ituri , kasai ) . see [ maps ]
euryphene severini aurivillius , 1898 ; öfvers . k . vetenskakad . förh . stockh . 54 : 280 , f . 2 ; tl : congo , beni - bendi
euryphene aurora aurivillius , 1896 ; öfvers . k . vetenskakad . förh . 53 : 433 ; tl : ubangi
euryphene wilverthi aurivillius , 1898 ; ent . tidskr . 19 : 177 ; tl : congo
aurora kayonza jackson , 1956 ; j . e afr . nat . hist . soc . 23 ( 1 ) : 74
euryphene tessmanni grünberg , 1910 ; s . b . ges . naturf . fr . berl . 1910 ( 10 ) : 471 ; tl : spanish guinea
euryphene flaminia staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 110 , pl . 1 , f . 4 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons
e . nigeria , cameroon , equatorial guinea , congo , zaire , w . uganda ?
euryphene maximiana staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 112 ; tl : barombi station , cameroons
euryphene intermedia bartel , 1905 ; novit . zool . 12 : 144 ; tl : kamerun , barombi - station
euryphene nivaria ward , 1871 ; ent . mon . mag . 8 : 82 ; tl : cameroons
nigeria , cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r . , w . zaire
euryphene phantasiella staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : barombi station
euryphene phantasiella simulata van someren , 1939 ; j . e . afr . uganda nat . hist . soc . 14 ( 65 ) : 54 ; tl : katera
euryphene phantasiella var . ? phantasina staudinger , 1891 ; dt . ent . z . iris , 4 ( 1 ) : 114 ; tl : sierra leone
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , e . nigeria
sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , w . nigeria , cameroon , congo . see [ maps ]
guinea , sierra leone , liberia , ivory coast , ghana , togo , w . nigeria
euryphene demetra obsolescens talbot , 1928 ; bull . hill mus . 2 : 230 ; tl : bitje , ja river
euryphene makala bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 473 ; tl : makala , congo free state
euryphene chloeropis bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala , congo free state
euryphene eliensis hewitson , 1866 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( aterica & euryphene v - vi ) : [ 46 ] , pl . [ 23 ] , f . 23 - 26 ; tl : gaboon
zaire , s . cameroon , gabon , congo , c . a . r .
evena ceres var . unita capronnier , 1889 ; bull . ent . soc . belg . 33 : cxxiv
euryphene luteola bethune - baker , 1908 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 2 ( 12 ) : 474 ; tl : makala - beni ; ituri forest , mawamba - makala
euryphene ashantina dudgeon , 1913 ; ent . mon . mag . 49 : 204 ; tl : ashanti , gold coast
romaleosoma cutteri hewitson , 1865 ; ill . exot . butts [ 3 ] ( romaleosoma ii - iii ) : [ 31 ] , pl . [ 16 ] , f . 13 - 15 ; tl : old calabar
euphaedra cutteri harleyi fox , 1968 ; bull . i . f . a . n . ( a ) 30 : 1248 ; tl : wanau forest
euryphene innocua grose - smith & kirby , 1889 ; rhop . exot . [ 2 ] 1 : ( euryphene ) 1 , pl . 1 , f . 3 - 4 ; tl : cameroons
e . nigeria , cameroon , congo , c . a . r . , sw . zaire . see [ maps ]
e . nigeria , cameroun , gabon , congo , w . zaire . see [ maps ]
euryphene castanea holland , 1893 ; can . ent . 25 ( 1 ) : 1 ; tl : kangwé , ogové valley
euryphene ducalis grünberg , 1912 ; ergeb . dt . z . - afr . exped . 3 ( zool . 1 ) : 534
checklist of afrotropical papilionoidea and hesperoidea ; compiled by mark c . williams , 7th ed . ( 2008 ) ( april 2007 ) ;
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
contribution a la faune du congo ( brazzaville ) . mission a . villiers et a . descarpentries lxviii . lepidopteres nymphalidae , danaidae et riodinidae
( 1902 ) , : ( ragadia - argyronympha - hypocysta ) : 1 - 6 , pl . [ 1 ] ( 1895 ) , [ 2 ]
illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of w . wilson saunders and william c . hewitson
lepidoptera of the congo . being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the american museum of natural history congo expedition together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species
new lepidoptera collected by mr . t . a . barns , in east central africa . new forms of rhopalocera
verzeichniss der von professor dr . r . bucholz in west - africa gesammelten schmetterlinge
wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der expedition r . grauernach . zentralafrika . 1909 - 1911 . lepidoptera
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
© 2016 , butterfly conservation society , ghana - african butterfly research institute - icom ltd .
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a diverse genus from african forests . species groups listed are based on larsen ' s ( 2005 ) treatment of the west african fauna .
in appearance . the females , especially , are very similar on their uppersides . the undersides of
seitz , a . die gross - schmetterlinge der erde 13 : die afrikanischen tagfalter . plate xiii 40 et seq .
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the indonesian mountain weasel ( mustela lutreolina ) is a species of weasel that lives on the islands of java and sumatra in indonesia at elevations over 1,000 metres ( 3,280 ft ) .

they live in mountainous , tropical , and rainforest areas .

indonesian mountain weasels have a body length of 11 – 12 inches and a tail length of 5 – 6 inches .

they are reddish-brown in color .

indonesian mountain weasel

the indonesian mountain weasel is endangered due to hunting , fur trade , and destruction of habitat . there are no subspecies of the indonesian mountain weasel .
habitat indonesian mountain weasels can be found on the islands of java and sumatra at altitudes of over 1 , 000 m ( 3 , 280 ft ) . subspecies there are no subspecies of the indonesian mountain weasel . interesting facts little has been documented about this species . similar animals least weasel japanese weasel long - tailed weasel malayan weasel mountain weasel patagonian weasel siberian weasel tropical weasel
( walker , et al . , 1964 ;
indonesian mountain weasel
, 2004 )
indonesianfauna . com . 2004 .
indonesian mountain weasel
( on - line ) . indonesian fauna . accessed october 01 , 2012 at urltoken .
eaton , j . 2009 . an observatino of indonesian mountain weasel mustela lutreolina at gunung kerinci , sumatra , indonesia . .
as with other weasel species indonesian mountain weasels will communicate primarily with odors and secondarily with
clicks
or other auditory noises .
indonesian mountain weasels are known to keep rodent populations in check ; a common pest for humans .
meiri , s . , j . duckworth , e . meijaard . 2007 . biogeography of indonesian mountain weasel mustela lutreolina and a newly discovered specimen .
very little is known about the behavior of the indonesian mountain weasel . other weasels tend to be solitary and nocturnal only interacting for breeding or over territory disputes .
eaton , j . 2009 . an observatino of indonesian mountain weasel mustela lutreolina at gunung kerinci , sumatra , indonesia . . small carnivore conservation , 40 : 27 - 28 .
indonesian mountain weasels are only found on the islands of java and sumatra in indonesia . indonesian mountain weasels are island endemic and native to the oriental biogeographic ragion . more surveys need to be conducted in these areas to determine their exact distribution and home ranges .
meiri , s . , j . duckworth , e . meijaard . 2007 . biogeography of indonesian mountain weasel mustela lutreolina and a newly discovered specimen . small carnivore conservation , 37 : 1 - 5 .
indonesian mountain weasels are endangered because they are endemic to a very small area and because they are very poorly known . they are among the rarest of the weasel family and face issues with habitat fragmentation . habitat fragmentation has a very strong correlation with declines in weasel abundance .
indonesian mountain weasels have no known predators , aside from humans . it is believed that due to their fierce nature , it would not be worth a predators effort to attempt to consume them . it is believed that some weasel species are eaten by foxes . while there are no foxes in indonesia it is possible some of the other carnivores might be a threat to indonesian mountain weasels .
, indonesian mountain weasels have a polygnous mating system in which the males will fight for access to a female . it is noted that these fights can be extremely vicious . weasels are solitary creatures and the mating season is often the only time adults will interact with one another . this type of behavior is called a solitary - territorial mating system ( bright , 2000 ) . the specifics of indonesian mountain weasel mating habits are unknown .
little is known about how long indonesian mountain weasels live , but some suggest between 7 to 10 years of age ( indonesianfauna . com , 2004 ) . nor do they known about the lifespan of indonesian mountain weasels in captivity . however , other species of weasels live up to 20 years in the wild and do very well in captivity ( walker et al . , 1964 ) .
the indonesian mountain weasel as a weasel has very specific traits that all in their genus share . weasels have long , slender bodies with short legs . this body design allows them to enter any place in which they can stick their heads . a long slender body has costs ; while their metabolic rate tends to be similar to other mammals of the same size , they tend to lose heat much faster due to their shape ( brown and lasiewski , 1972 ) . the indonesian mountain weasel tends to be between 279 m and 321 m from head to the base of the tail . the tail is about 136 mm to 170 mm long ( eaton , 2009 ) . there is very little information specifically on the indonesian mountain weasel , however , we know that they have reddish - brown fur and a foramen on their skull by which they can be identified . this foramen is located
in the medial part of the auditory bullae , mid - way along the anterior - posterior axis , at the point where the bullae attach to the skull
( meiri , duckworth , and meijarrd , 2007 ) .
indonesian mountain weasels , as their names suggests , live in the tropical rainforest mountainous regions of indonesia . however , very little is known about their preferred habitat conditions besides their preference for higher elevations . it is believed that their elevation ranges from 1 , 000 m to 2 , 200 m , but little is known of how they function at extreme elevations or if they can live outside of their range . according to the iucn there are only 15 known specimen of the indonesian mountain weasel , and of those only 12 have a locality . more surveys and research is needed to determine habitat range and preference .
justification : indonesian mountain weasel is listed as least concern , because , although it is known from few records , suitable habitat remains widespread , under limited threat , and is extensively included within protected areas . hunting in these areas is insufficient to be driving declines sufficient for categorisation even as near threatened . it is considered unlikely that any idiosyncrasy of its natural history could make it vulnerable to an unusual threat , but as long as its basic natural history remains unknown , this remains a slight possibility .
indonesian mountain weasels become sexually mature at about a year of age . their breeding season is believed to be between march and may , followed by a gestation period of approximately 30 days . ndonesian mountain weasels , like other weasels , give birth to altricial young . this means that the young are born with their eyes shut and with very little fur . the pups rely solely on their mother for care . it takes about a month for pups eyes to fully open , and another month after which they will become fully weaned .
erlinge , s . , m . sandell . 1988 . coexistence of stoat , mustela erminea , and weasel , m . nivalis : social dominance , scent communication , and reciprocal distribution .
the species is considered to be closely related to siberian weasel mustela sibirica ( van bree and boeadi 1978 , abramov 2000 ) . some historical records refer to the species as mustela sibirica lutreolina .
weasels are completely carnivorous and the indianian mountain weasel is no different . they are especially adapted to eating rodents ; their agility and speed allows them to take down prey much larger than themselves . they are also very good at removing rodents from their burrows . some species of weasels are known to stay at one prey den until they have completely eliminated all of the inhabitants .
erlinge , s . , m . sandell . 1988 . coexistence of stoat , mustela erminea , and weasel , m . nivalis : social dominance , scent communication , and reciprocal distribution . oikos , 53 : 242 - 246 .
it is implausible that the species is specifically used by anybody for anything at levels significant to its population , given its occurrence in remote mountain regions and the generally low demand for all species of south - east asian weasels .
there are no obvious immediate conservation needs for indonesian mountain weasel , given the lack of identified or plausible threats to it . much of its high - altitude habitat is within already declared protected areas . as a high - altitude species it is perhaps vulnerable in the longer - term to climate change . all records of the species warrant publication to help to refine the scant knowledge base for the species and increase the confidence in assessing its conservation status . the almost complete lack of knowledge concerning its basic natural history is some cause for concern , given the tight linkage to specific prey of some congeners , and thus intrinsic vulnerability . addressing this knowledge gap is probably the most important conservation - related activity for this species at present .
indonesian mountain weasel is known only from the highlands of sumatra and java , indonesia . it occurs on java in the west and as far east as the ijang plateau ( van bree and boeadi 1978 , meri et al . 2007 ) . on sumatra , it occurs from bengkulu province in the south , north through gunung [ = mount ] dempo and gunung kerinci in kerinci seblat national park , to gunung leuser national park in the island ' s far north ( sody 1949 , lunde and musser 2003 , holden 2006 , meiri et al . 2007 , eaton 2009 , pusparini and sibarani 2014 ) . all the few records come from between 1 , 400 and 3 , 000 m ( meiri et al . 2007 , eaton 2009 , pusparini and sibarani 2014 ) .
indonesian mountain weasel has been recorded only in highlands , at 1 , 400 - 3 , 000 m a . s . l . ( meiri et al . 2007 , pusparini and sibarani 2014 ) , within which its habitat use is unclear . search effort has been enough to be confident that it is not common below this altitude , if it occurs down there at all ; but its true upper limit remains unknown . most records come from forest - but this might signify nothing more than the preponderance of high - altitude survey in forest rather than other habitats . one sighting , at 3 , 000 m , was in in scrub above the forest line ( holden 2006 ) . all of the few direct sightings and camera - trap records were by day , suggesting it is diurnal , in keeping with other south - east asian weasels .
it was recorded from mt . dempo in sumatra ( part of a protected area system ( mackinnon , 1997 ) in 1936 ( lunde and musser , 2003 ) . according to boeadi ( pers . comm . 1986 ) this species is found in gunung gede - pangrango national park ( 15 , 000 ha ) near bogor , west java - from where there are historical specimens ( van bree and boeadi 1978 ) . schreiber et al ( 1989 ) recommends
field work in the mountains of southern sumatra and java to locate populations of the mountain weasel and to assess their conservation status and requirements , as well as continuation of conservation efforts on gunung slamat in central java being desirable .
ecology is still too poorly known to recommend conservation measures in the continuing absence of the recommended surveys .
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little is known about this species’s abundance . it is known from only about 20 records ( van bree and boeadi 1978 , lunde and musser 2003 , holden 2006 , meiri et al . 2007 , eaton 2009 , pusparini and sibarani 2014 ) . this paucity of records has been taken in the past to suggest rarity , but there is no need to invoke any explanation other than the low relevant survey effort in the altitudes at which it occurs , assuming that , like other south - east asian weasels , it is only rarely camera - trapped even where present ( pusparini and sibarani 2014 ) . its population is inferred to be broadly stable because its altitudinal zone of occurrence ( 1 , 400 m up ) is above the levels at which sumatran forest is being rapidly converted ( see , e . g . , gaveau et al . 2007 ) . similarly , there is presently little forest lost at these altitudes in java either .
there are no obvious potential major threats to this species : it is not sought for trade ; it lives in sumatra above the altitudes where general snaring and trapping of ground mammals is prevalent and where deforestation is heavy ; much natural habitat on java in this altitudinal band has been lost in the past and what remains is now fairly fragmented , but relatively stable in total area . doubtless on both islands some fall victim to non - selective hunting methods , but there is no reason to consider these numbers are large enough to affect its survival prospects .
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( eaton , 2009 ; meiri , et al . , 2007 ; walker , et al . , 1964 )
for weasels , care of young fall on the mother alone . even though the young are altricial , they are fully weaned after 2 months and leave their mother . however , the litter tends to prefer to remain together until autumn .
since they have a solitary - territorial mating system , a females main concern is defending a home range that will provide sufficient resources for her offspring . whereas males want to have a home range that will contain as many females as possible . however , the exact range for them is unknown .
weasels are pest controlers and have been known to eradicate species from their home ranges .
no specific negative effects to humans are known , but weasels are known to eat poultry . this can be a big problem for farmers in the area who use poultry as a main source of income or food .
amelia hunt ( author ) , university of alaska fairbanks , laura prugh ( editor ) , university of alaska fairbanks , laura podzikowski ( editor ) , special projects .
young are born in a relatively underdeveloped state ; they are unable to feed or care for themselves or locomote independently for a period of time after birth / hatching . in birds , naked and helpless after hatching .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature . endothermy is a synapomorphy of the mammalia , although it may have arisen in a ( now extinct ) synapsid ancestor ; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities . convergent in birds .
referring to a burrowing life - style or behavior , specialized for digging or burrowing .
offspring are produced in more than one group ( litters , clutches , etc . ) and across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) . iteroparous animals must , by definition , survive over multiple seasons ( or periodic condition changes ) .
this terrestrial biome includes summits of high mountains , either without vegetation or covered by low , tundra - like vegetation .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
found in the oriental region of the world . in other words , india and southeast asia .
rainforests , both temperate and tropical , are dominated by trees often forming a closed canopy with little light reaching the ground . epiphytes and climbing plants are also abundant . precipitation is typically not limiting , but may be somewhat seasonal .
the region of the earth that surrounds the equator , from 23 . 5 degrees north to 23 . 5 degrees south .
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female .
amstislavsky , s . , y . ternovskaya . 2000 . reproduction in mustelids .
bright , p . 2000 . lessons from lean beasts : conservation biology of the mustelids .
brown , j . , r . lasiewski . 1972 . metabolism of weasels : the cost of being long and thin .
duckworth , j . , l . barney , a . abramov . 2008 .
mustela lutreolina
( on - line ) . iucn red list . accessed october 01 , 2012 at urltoken .
johnson , d . , d . macdonald , a . dickman . 2000 . an analysis and review of the sociobiology of mustelidae .
moors , p . 1980 . sexual dimorphism in the body size of mustelids ( carnivora ) : the rolse of food habitas and breeding systems .
to cite this page : hunt , a . 2013 .
mustela lutreolina
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
this species is known only from the highlands of southern sumatra and java , indonesia : it occurs as far east on java as the ijang plateau ( van bree and boeadi 1978 , meri et al . 2007 ) . on sumatra , it is known from bengkulu province ( sody 1949 ) , where it was found on mt . dempo ( lunde and musser 2003 ) and recently was recorded north to gon kerinci ( holden 2006 ) . ) . the northern and central highlands of sumatra have not been surveyed well enough to say whether or not it occurs there ( meiri et al . 2007 ) . the altitudinal range of this species on sumatra is 1 , 000 to 3 , 000 m ( lunde and musser 2003 , van bree and boeadi 1978 , holden 2006 ) .
walker , e . , f . warnick , k . lange , h . uible , m . davis , p . wright . 1964 . mammals of the world volume ii . baltimore : johns hopkins press .
this species is restricted to high altitudes of 1 , 000 - 2 , 200 m ( lunde and musser , 2003 ) , within which habitat use is unclear . also , there is a recent sighting at 3 , 000 m , in scrub above the forest line ( holden , 2006 ) .
bright , p . 2000 . lessons from lean beasts : conservation biology of the mustelids . mammal review , 30 : 217 - 226 .
moors , p . 1980 . sexual dimorphism in the body size of mustelids ( carnivora ) : the rolse of food habitas and breeding systems . oikos , 34 : 147 - 158 .
belant , j . ( small carnivore red list authority ) & schipper , j . ( global mammal assessment team )
this species is listed as data deficient , as too little is known about its population , ecology or current threats to apply the red list criteria . is therefore unclear if this species is threatened , and more survey work is required in order to have sufficient data on which to assess this species . while there is no strong reason to think that it is , the paucity of recent records despite some level of biological survey in its current range indicates a need to understand its status more clearly .
nothing is known about this speciess abundance . it is known from 15 specimens ( only twelve of which have locality data ) and one field sighting : nine records from java and four from sumatra ( van bree and boeadi , 1978 , lunde and musser , 2003 , holden 2006 , meiri et al . 2007 ) .
there are no obvious potential major threats to this species : it is not sought for trade ; it lives in sumatra above the altitudes where general snaring and trapping of ground mammals is intense and where deforestation is heavy ; natural habitat on java in this altitudinal band is heavily fragmented but relatively stable ; and the species ' dependence , if any , on old - growth , extensive , or even any sort of forest is unknown ( meiri et al . 2007 ) . doubtless on both islands some are fall victim to non - selective hunting methods , but there is no reason to consider these numbers are large .
duckworth , j . w . , barney , l . & abramov , a . ( 2008 ) . mustela lutreolina . in : iucn 2008 . iucn red list of threatened species . retrieved 21 march 2009 . database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of data deficient
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