hebetancylus excentricus , the excentric ancylid , is a species of small , freshwater , air-breathing limpet , an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family planorbidae , the ram 's horn snails and their allies .

hebetancylus excentricus

genetic examination of molecular phylogeny of global planorboidea at the coi and 18s molecular markers indicates all north american ancylid taxa form a well - supported clade , the bulinini ( albrecht et al . , 2007 ) . this genus was misspelled as hebetoncylus in turgeon et al . ( 1998 ) ( basch , 1963 ) ( see morelet , 1851 , for original description with correct spelling hebetancylus ) .
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the atlantic drainages of georgia , comprising approximately 40 % of the waters of the state , are presently covered . . . ››
the four ecoregions of north carolina drain toward the atlantic through six major river systems . . . ›› more
although perhaps not as environmentally heterogeneous as neighboring states , south carolina does include . . . ›› more
the survey reported here is focused on the eastern 75 % of the state , draining from the blue ridge to the atlantic . . . ›› more
all waters draining into the tennessee river above the alabama line , including sw virginia , w north carolina , and n georgia . . . ›› more
a study area of approximately 150 , 000 km2 , including delaware , maryland , new jersey , eastern pennsylvania and the west virginia panhandle . . . ›› more
as georgia , florida and texas only . it was first reported in south carolina by harrison ( 1989 ) . here we extend the range of
to include spotty records from ponds and river backwaters up the length of the southern atlantic coastal plain . populations are locally common on submerged sticks , logs , and large items of organic debris . such a contagious distribution suggests dispersal by migratory waterfowl . fwgna incidence rank
) . other life history observations are available in mcmahon ( 1976 ) . harrison ( 1989 ) reported that some of the individuals he collected from his south carolina were septate , suggesting that they may have passed a period of dry or otherwise harsh environmental condition in aestivation .
the presence of an apex distinctly off midline is generally considered diagnostic for this species . mcmahon ( 2004 ) reported , however , that shell shape varied to such an extent in one oklahoma population of limpets that no positive assignment could be made between
see my post of 26sept14 for good , comparative figures illustrating
the egg masses of freshwater pulmonate snails .
a review of the recent freshwater limpet snails of north america . bull . mus . comp . zool . harvard , 129 , 399 - 461 .
the ecology of freshwater molluscs . cambridge university press , united kingdom . 509 pp .
( morelet ) in south carolina ( abstract ) . asb bulletin 36 ( 2 ) : 110 .
growth , reproduction and life cycle in six texan populations of two species of fresh - water limpets . am . midl . nat . 95 : 174 - 185 .
a 15 - year study of interannual shell - shape variation in a population of freshwater limpets . amer . malac . bull . 19 : 101 - 109 .
a seasonal and ecological survey of freshwater limpet snails ( pulmonata : ancylidae ) and their digenetic trematode parasites in southeastern louisiana . tulane stud . zool . bot . 21 : 67 – 89 .
( pulmonata : ancylidae ) , a north american genus of freshwater limpets . molec . phyl . evol . 40 : 501 - 516 .
please cite as : dillon , r . t . , jr . , b . t . watson , t . w . stewart & w . k . reeves 2006 . the freshwater gastropods of north america . internet address : urltoken
department of biology , college of charleston , charleston , sc 29424 p : 843 . 953 . 8087 f : 843 . 953 . 5453
johnson , p . d . ; bogan , a . e . ; brown , k . m . ; burkhead , n . m . ; cordeiro , j . r . ; garner , j . t . ; hartfield , p . d . ; lepitzki , d . a . w . ; mackie , g . l . ; tarpley , t . a . ; tiemann , j . s . ; whelan , n . v . ; strong , e . e . ( 2013 ) . conservation status of freshwater gastropods of canada and the united states . fisheries . 38 ( 6 ) : 247 - 282 . , available online at urltoken [ details ] available for editors [ request ]
turgeon , d . d . , j . f . quinn , jr . , a . e . bogan , e . v . coan , f . g . hochberg , w . g . lyons , p . m . mikkelsen , r . j . neves , c . f . e . roper , g . rosenberg , b . roth , a . scheltema , f . g . thompson , m . vecchione , and j . d . williams . 1998 . common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the united states and canada : mollusks . 2nd edition . american fisheries society special publication 26 , bethesda , maryland : 526 pp .
this species is widely distributed and often common . this species has a wide distribution , presumed large population , occurrence in a number of protected areas , tolerance of a broad range of habitats , tolerance to habitat modification , lack of substantial immediate threats , and because it is not in decline or is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category .
due to latency between updates made in state , provincial or other natureserve network databases and when they appear on natureserve explorer , for state or provincial information you may wish to contact the data steward in your jurisdiction to obtain the most current data . please refer to
this species is widely deployed in middle america , extending northward into southeastern texas and the southeastern coastal plains ( thompson , 1999 ) . burch ( 1989 ) includes central america and georgia , florida and texas in the u . s . basch ( 1963 ) also includes throughout mexico , puerto rico , and the caribbean .
( > 2 , 500 , 000 square km ( greater than 1 , 000 , 000 square miles ) ) this species is widely deployed in middle america , extending northward into southeastern texas and the southeastern coastal plains ( thompson , 1999 ) . burch ( 1989 ) includes central america and georgia , florida and texas in the u . s . basch ( 1963 ) also includes throughout mexico , puerto rico , and the caribbean .
occurrences are based on some evidence of historical or current presence of single or multiple specimens , including live specimens or recently dead shells ( i . e . , soft tissue still attached without signs of external weathering or staining ) , at a given location with potentially recurring existence . weathered shells constitute a historic occurrence . evidence is derived from reliable published observation or collection data ; unpublished , though documented ( i . e . government or agency reports , web sites , etc . ) observation or collection data ; or museum specimen information .
separation barriers are largely based on permanent hydrological discontinuity between water bodies , with distances of 30 meters or greater between maximum high water marks constituting a separation barrier . additional barriers are chemical and / or physical and include any connecting water body ( regardless of size ) with one or more of the following on a permanent basis : no dissolved calcium content , acidity greater than ph 5 , lack of dissolved oxygen , extremely high salinity such as that found in saline lakes and brine waters , or temperature greater than 45 an additional physical barrier , particularly for flowing water , is presence of upland habitat between water connections . high waterfalls and anthropogenic barriers to water flow such as dams are barriers as they limit movement in an upstream direction .
use the generic guidelines for the application of occurrence ranks ( 2008 ) . the key for ranking species occurrences using the generic approach provides a step - wise process for implementing this method .
zoological data developed by natureserve and its network of natural heritage programs ( see local programs ) and other contributors and cooperators ( see sources ) .
albrecht , c . , k . kuhn , and b . streit . 2007 . a molecular phylogeny of planorboidea ( gastropoda , pulmonata ) : insights from enhanced taxon sampling . zoologica scripta , 36 : 27 - 39 .
basch , p . 1963 . a review of the recent freshwater limpet snails of north america . bulletin of the museum of comparative zoology , harvard university , 129 : 399 - 461 .
burch , j . b . 1989 . north american freshwater snails . malacological publications : hamburg , michigan . 365 pp .
dillon , r . t . , jr . and t . w . stewart . 2003 . the freshwater gastropods of south carolina . created 26 august 2003 . last updated september 2007 . available online : urltoken
dillon , r . t . , jr . , b . t . watson , and t . w . stewart . 2006a . the freshwater gastropods of north carolina . created 26 august 2003 by rob dillon , college of charleston , charleston , south carolina . available online : urltoken last updated september 2007 .
dillon , r . t . , jr . , w . k . reeves , and t . w . stewart . 2006b [ 2007 ] . the freshwater gastropods of georgia . created 26 august 2003 . last updated september 2007 . available online : urltoken
morelet , a . 1851 . testacea novissima insulae cubanae et america centralis . pars ii . j . b baillière , paris , france . 30 pp .
neck , r . w . 1990 . ecological analysis of the living molluscs of the texas panhandle . american malacological bulletin 8 ( 1 ) : 9 - 18 .
thompson , f . g . 1999 . an identification manual for the freshwater snails of florida . walkerana 10 ( 23 ) : 1 - 96 .
thompson , f . g . 2008 . an annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of mexico and central america . unpublished . available online : urltoken 16 june 2008 . 903 pp .
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ridgely , r . s . , t . f . allnutt , t . brooks , d . k . mcnicol , d . w . mehlman , b . e . young , and j . r . zook . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the birds of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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patterson , b . d . , g . ceballos , w . sechrest , m . f . tognelli , t . brooks , l . luna , p . ortega , i . salazar , and b . e . young . 2003 . digital distribution maps of the mammals of the western hemisphere , version 1 . 0 . natureserve , arlington , virginia , usa .
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iucn , conservation international , and natureserve . 2004 . global amphibian assessment . iucn , conservation international , and natureserve , washington , dc and arlington , virginia , usa .
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alive attached to the interior of a freshwater bivalve uniomerus carolinianus ( bosc , 1801 ) florida pondhorn in drainage ditch in front of the sam ' s club at 10690 beach boulevard , jacksonville , duval county , florida 11 / 24 / 2016 .
alive clinging to submerged beer bottle in bennett branch on bowden road in southeastern jacksonville , duval county , florida 12 / 20 / 2005 .
, ranked by their number of records in our database . ( note that the two subspecies of
have been combined for this analysis . ) this list is compared to the historical review of stewart & dillon ( 2004 ) , as well as to the
we will first focus our attention on the set of 24 freshwater gastropod species represented in our database by more than ten records . as would seem to be the general situation throughout the united states atlantic drainages , none of these species is obviously associated with or limited to a particular river drainage . rather , our survey suggests a set of species that range throughout the state and a set whose distributions seem broadly correlated to ecoregion or physiographic province .
this set of 20 can be subdivided into two subsets . a subset of 15 are common elsewhere in north america , as reflected by their fwgna incidence rank of i - 4 , or a suffix of
p
designating peripheral status . common further south of the present study area are
populations inhabit brackish and tidal freshwater habitats broadly distributed along the atlantic coast but inadequately covered by this survey .
is amphibious , primarily inhabiting moist and muddy habitats above water level , and is more widespread in interior drainages than in regions draining east to the atlantic .
species appear to be legitimately rare . this subset includes four epigean or phreatic hydrobiids (
has not been re - collected since its original description from orange county , virginia , by f . c . baker ( 1911 ) . if it was indeed a
( as baker applied the taxon ) typically range through the northern states and canada , inhabiting marshes , bogs , and lake margins . all 24 species and subspecies baker assigned to the taxon in 1911 were synonymized under the circumboreal
was developed in 2005 under the us fish & wildlife service ' s state wildlife grant program . the plan lists 20 species of freshwater gastropods as being needy of conservation , ranking them into four tiers - tier 1 ( critical conservation need ) , tier 2 ( very high ) , tier 3 ( high ) , and tier 4 ( moderate ) . eleven of these 20 species might range into virginia atlantic drainages , and as such are covered by the present report (
) . a comparison of the vdgif conservation tiers assigned to these 11 species and their fwgna incidence ranks ( calculated regionally ) might prove instructive .
) the lymaeidae of north and middle america , recent and fossil . chicago academy of sciences special publication no . 3 . , chicago , illinois .
recent lymnaeidae . their variation , morphology , taxonomy , nomenclature , and distribution . kungl . svenska vetensk . akad . handl . , 3 , 1 - 223 .
conservation status of freshwater gastropods of canada and the united states . fisheries 38 : 247 - 282 .
species composition and geographic distribution of virginia’s freshwater gastropod fauna : a review using historical records . american malacological bulletin 19 : 79 - 91
please cite as : dillon , r . t . , jr . , b . t . watson & t . w . stewart 2013 . the freshwater gastropods of virginia . internet address : urltoken
anderson , r . m . & r . m . may , 1979 . prevalence of schistosome infections within molluscan populations : observed patterns and theoretical predictions . parasitology 79 : 63–94 .
bowles , d . e . & t . l . arsuffi , 1993 . karst aquatic ecosystems of the edwards plateau region of central texas , usa . a consideration of their importance , threats to their existence , and efforts for their conservation . aquatic conservation : marine and freshwater ecosystems 3 : 317–329 .
brune , g . , 1981 . springs of texas , vol . i . branch - smith , inc . fort worth , texas .
burch , j . b . , 1989 . freshwater snails of north america . usepa 600 / 3 - 82 - 026 .
cauble , m . k . , 1998 . abundance and distribution of the freshwater snail fauna in comal springs - landa lake , new braunfels , comal co . , tx . masters thesis . southwest texas state university , san marcos .
( gastropoda : thiaridae ) in puerto rico , an asiatic vector of paragonimiasis westermani . caribbean journal of science 16 : 81–90 .
cribb , t . h . , r . a . bray & d . t . j . littlewood , 2001 . the nature and evolution of the association among digeneans , molluscs and fishes . international journal for parasitology 31 : 997–1011 .
crowe , j . c . & j . m . sharp , 1997 . hydrogeologic delineation of habitats of endangered species : the comal springs / river system . environmental geology 30 : 17–28 .
dillon , r . t . , 2000 . the ecology of freshwater molluscs . cambridge university press , cambridge : 1–509 .
in new zealand natural waters . new zealand journal of marine and freshwater research 36 : 825–829 .
faust , e . c . & m . nishigori , 1926 . the life cycles of two new species of heterophyidae , parasitic in mammals and birds . journal of parasitology 13 : 91–127 .
font , w . f . , 2003 . the global spread of parasites : what do hawaiian streams tell us ? bioscience 53 : 1061–1067 .
giovanelli , a . , c . da silva , g . leal & d . baptista , 2005 . habitat preference of freshwater snails in relation to environmental factors and the presence of the competitor snail
( müller , 1774 ) . memórias do instituto oswaldo cruz 100 : 169–176 .
hall , r . o . , j . l . tank & m . f . dybdahl , 2003 . exotic snails dominate nitrogen and carbon cycling in a highly productive stream . frontiers in ecology and the environment 1 : 407–411 .
kazibwe , f . , b . mkanga , c . rubaire - akiiki , j . ouma & c . kariuki , 2006 . ecology of biomphalaria ( gastropoda : planorbidae ) in lake albert , western uganda : snail distributions , infections and temporal associations with environmental dynamics . hydrobiologia 568 : 433–444 .
: distribution , density , and effects on native macroinvertebrate assemblages in the greater yellowstone ecosystem . journal of the north american benthological society 24 : 123–138 .
lindholm , j . t . & d . g . huffman , 1979 . the gastropods of the upper san marcos river and their trematode parasites . research report no . 79 - 1 from the aquatic station . southwest texas state university , san marcos .
liu , h . t . & v . h . resh , 1997 . abundance and micro distribution of freshwater gastropods in three streams of moorea , french polynesia . annals de limnologie 33 : 235–244 .
ludwig , j . a . & j . f . reynolds , 1988 . statistical ecology : a primer on methods and computing . john wiley & sons , new york : 1–329 .
madsen , h . , 1992 . food selection by freshwater snails in the gezira irrigation canals , sudan . hydrobiologia 228 : 203–217 .
mcdermott , k . , 2000 . distribution and infection relationships of an undescribed digenetic trematode , its exotic intermediate host , and endangered fishes in springs of west texas . masters thesis . southwest texas state university , san marcos .
in two central texas spring - fed rivers . journal of aquatic animal health 12 : 283–289 .
: identification , growth characteristics , and treatment of an oriental eyefluke of birds introduced into the continental united states . journal of parasitology 64 : 178–180 .
ogden , a . e . , r . a . quick & s . r . rothermel , 1986 . hydrochemistry of the comal , hueco , and san marcos springs , edwards aquifer , texas ( pp 115–130 ) . in abbott , p . l . & c . m . woodruff , jr . ( eds ) , the balcones escarpment , geology , hydrology , ecology , and social development in central texas . geological society of america annual meeting , san antonio , texas , 1–200 .
pointier , j . p . , 1999 . invading freshwater gastropods : some conflicting aspects for public health . malacologia 41 : 403–411 .
in the marshy forest zone of guadeloupe , french west indies . journal of molluscan studies 59 : 412–428 .
( lamark , 1822 ) in martinique , french west indies . biodiversity and conservation 7 : 1277–1290 .
quinn , g . p . & m . j . keough , 2002 . experimental design and data analysis for biologists . university press , cambridge : 1–537 .
) to spring ecosystems of the bonneville basin , utah . journal of freshwater ecology 18 : 647–657 .
samadi , s . , c . balzan , b . delay & j . p . pointier , 1997 . local distribution and abundance of thiarid snails in recently colonized rivers from the carribbean area . malacological review 30 : 45–52 .
( nishigori , 1924 ) ( digenea : heterophyidae ) in mexico : a review . american midland naturalist 143 : 185–200 .
scholz , t . , m . l . aguirre - macedo & g . salgado - maldonado , 2001 . trematodes in the family heterophyidae ( digenea ) in mexico : a review of species and new host and geographical records . journal of natural history 35 : 1733–1722 .
smith , n . f . , 2001 . spatial heterogeneity in recruitment of larval trematodes to snail intermediate hosts . oecologia 127 : 115–122 .
statzner , b . , j . a . gore & v . h . resh , 1988 . hydraulic stream ecology : observed patterns and potential applications . journal of the north american benthological society 7 : 307–360 .
strayer , d . l . , 1999 . effects of alien species on freshwater mollusks in north america . journal of the north american benthological society 18 : 74–98 .
taraschewski , h . , 2006 . hosts and parasites as aliens . journal of helminthology 80 : 99–128 .
tolley - jordan , l . r . & owen , j . m . hydrobiologia ( 2008 ) 600 : 29 . urltoken


the great potoo ( nyctibius grandis ) is a near passerine bird , both the largest potoo species and the largest member of the order caprimulgiformes ( nightjars and allies ) .

they are also one of seven species in one genus , nyctibius , located in tropical america .

similar to the owl , this species is also nocturnal .

however they prey on eating insects and occasionally bats , which they capture in sallies from high perches .

possibly its most well known characteristic is its unique moaning growl that the great potoo vocalizes throughout the night , creating an unsettling atmosphere in the neotropics with its nocturnal sounds .

great potoo

common potoo ( nyctibius griseus ) : the distribution of this species overlaps extensively with that of great potoo , from nicaragua south . smaller than the great potoo , and not as pale as are most great potoos .
northern potoo ( nyctibius jamaicensis ) : this species , which overlaps with great potoo only from southern mexico south to honduras , also is smaller and usually is darker in color than great potoo .
potoo is a genus . there are seven species of potoo . this is a great potoo . they all look like that . other species have the yellow eyes .
information on the great potoo is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
great potoo ( nyctibius grandis ) is broadly sympatric with common potoo , and is similar in overall appearance , but is much larger and paler in color . great potoo has a big - and broad - headed look that common potoo lacks . great potoo lacks the blackish lateral throat stripe that usually is apparent on common potoo . the bands on the tail of great potoo also have a crisp black - edged pattern , unlike the tail bands of common potoo , which are marbled with dusky and so are less well defined . great potoo is almost always noticeably paler and creamier in color when compared to common potoo , although darker individuals are nearly as dark as pale common potoos ( hilty 2003 ) .
so too does the great potoo -
large orange eyes
according to wikipedia : urltoken there are also several good photos of great potoos with orange eyes online when images for this species are googled , and the mystery bird ' s plumage matches that of the common potoo , not the great potoo .
potoos are nocturnal birds and roost in trees where they can be very cryptic . potoos are great birds , and this is the great potoo ! ! !
the great potoo also goes by the following names : grand potoo , grand ibijau ( french ) , riesentagschlafer ( german ) , and nictibio grande ( spanish ) .
the great potoo is sedentary in its range . the flight is powerful , with fairly slow , deep wingbeats .
land , h . , w . schultz . 1963 . a proposed subspecies of the great potoo , nyctibius grandis .
vanderwerf , e . 1988 . observations on the nesting of the great potoo ( nyctibius grandis ) in central venezuela .
according to the
handbook of the birds of the world
, the great potoo ( nyctibius grandis ) has a brown iris and all other potoo species have a yellow iris . the plumage colour of the great potoo is very variable and can range from buffy - brown to nearly white .
the great potoo is found in central and south america and is the largest of the three potoo species . great pottos eat at night and their diet includes beetles , katydids , grasshoppers and other flying insects . they will sometimes eat bats .
it ' s a great potoo , actually . nyctibius grandis , hence the black eyes . most likely a young one . the common potoo has the big golden eyes . : )
the great potoo is mostly found in the canopy of lowland rainforests , also using moist savannas , second growths and plantations .
great potoos are relatively large birds with highly cryptic coloration . during the day great potoos remain relatively motionless , and upon disturbance completely freeze in increase vigilance . the known predators of great potoos include monkeys (
the common potoo , northern potoo and the great potoo all live in costa rica . these birds fly at night and feed on large insects . like us on facebook at urltoken visit our blog urltoken https : / / www . silverspotproductions . tum . . .
hey karl . the potoo shown in the new photos is indeed a great potoo , not a common or grey potoo , i think : the former has a dark brown iris and a plain head , whereas the latter has yellow irides , dark markings around the eye and ( usually ) dark spots in the middle of the breast . the orange - eyed ' great potoo ' images online are common potoos .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
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) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
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arkive photo - great potoo adult with young
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embed this arkive thumbnail link (
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arkive photo - relaxed great potoo perched on branch
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arkive photo - relaxed great potoo perched on branch
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arkive photo - relaxed great potoo perched on branch
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arkive species - great potoo ( nyctibius grandis )
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stand out and be remembered with prezi , the secret weapon of great presenters .
the great potoo is the largest potoo species which characteristically are mottled in appearance and have relatively large heads and thick - looking necks . with its mottled pale grey to brown coloration , the potoo matches closely that of the lichen - covered limbs of hymenolobium which it likes to perch in ( perry 1979 ) .
breeding interval great potoos produce one egg per year , usually during the rainy season .
potoo bird - natural history , fun and interesting facts and where to spot .
northern potoo ( nyctibius jamaicensis ) occurs in northern central america , but the ranges of northern and common potoos abut or perhaps even overlap locally . northern potoo is slightly larger than common potoo and usually is darker in coloration . the two species are most reliably distinguished , however , by their very different vocalizations ; northern potoo has a very harsh song , quite different from the mournful song of common potoo .
” another species , the great potoo ( n . grandis ) , belts out a distinct bawl that can disturb people unaccustomed to the nocturnal life of the tropical forest .
go here and watch the video urltoken alternate link : urltoken david attenborough discusses several adaptations of the great potoo in this video . identify the structural adaptations ( physical adaptations )
the potoo bird diet is mostly consists of insects such as , katydids , coleoptera beetles , orthoptera . sometimes a potoo bird diet may include small bats and birds .
embed this arkive thumbnail link (
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) by copying and pasting the code below . < a href =
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arkive video - great potoo camouflaged against tree branch , flies off revealing nest
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arkive video - great potoo camouflaged against tree branch , flies off revealing nest
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arkive video - great potoo camouflaged against tree branch , flies off revealing nest
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late evening , on our way back to atta lodge , we will use a spotlight to do some night birding , mainly looking for owls and potoos , beside a small wetland we could find dwarf caiman , uniform , ash - throated , and russet - crowned crakes as well as a zigzag heron all of which are difficult . this is a great place to look for potoos but it must be stressed these birds can be very hard to find . nevertheless there are possibilities for white - winged potoo , rufous potoo , great potoo , common potoo and long - tailed potoo , plus spectacled and crested owl .
the potoo is perfectly camouflaged and can ' t be detected by predators in the day .
if the mystery potoo is indeed a juvenile great potoo , then the following authoritative description of this species ' juvenile form doesn ' t accord well with the mystery potoo :
juvenile , paler throughout , decidedly white on head , back , breast and sides , with the barring and mottling of darker colors much reduced .
source is wetmore ( 1968 ) , reproduced in : urltoken
certainly one of the oddest birds you’re ever going to come across , which is a big part of why it’s become one of the real favorite birds to own as a pet , potoo pet or the great potoo bird has a distinct appearance that you’re going to find impossible not to notice ! wait until you know more about the potoo facts , some will surprise you . don´t worry we will try to answer the question that is bothering you now , potoo for sale and its price .
the common potoo cries for the moon : according to legend , the call of the common potoo is the mournful lament of a spirit in love with but separated from the spirit of the moon .
protection / threats / status : the main predators of the great potoo are monkeys and forest - falcons of genus micrastur . the species is also affected by deforestation and burn farming . however , the populations are estimated to be large , and placed in the band 500 , 000 / 4 , 999 , 999 individuals . declines are suspected in some areas . but currently , the great potoo is evaluated as least concern .
english : colombian potoo ; french : ibijau roux ; german : tropfentagschläfer ; spanish : nictibio rufo .
english : grand potoo ; french : grand ibijau ; german : riesentagschläfer ; spanish : nictibio grande .
diet : common potoo feeds mainly on large nocturnal flying insects , which hawks with its wide opened mouth .
great potoos are of no real economic importance to humans , although they play an important role in their native ecosystems .
english : common potoo ; french : ibijau gris ; german : urutau - tagschläfer ; spanish : nictibio urutaú .
a very bizarre bird was photographed in venezuela recently . meet the potoo , which is rarely seen in daylight .
great potoos are neotropical birds found throughout central america from as far north as southern mexico to as far south as bolivia .
“come on , ” wilfred hollered from the dock . “we have to leave . ” at the dock , wilfred told me that they had seen a bird that morning a short ways up the river that they believed was a great potoo . potoos are a group of birds that look like a cross between a pauraque ( locally known as hoo - you ) and an owl . they fly about at night catching insects on the wing , and spend the daylight hours perched motionless on the end of a nearly vertical broken - off branch relying on their cryptic coloration to blend in , looking every bit like an extension of the branch . the expected species in belize is the northern potoo , small cousin of the great potoo . if wilfred and his guests that morning had really seen a great potoo , it would be a new bird for me and only the third for the country . now i understood why wilfred had been in no hurry to show me the mystery bird—it was not going anywhere before sundown . photo : the great potoo somewhere at belize’s rio grande , toledo district , belize .
if undisturbed , activity occurs only from dusk until dawn , when the birds sing and hunt from exposed perches and fly about their territories . they are most conspicuous by their loud songs , which are different in each species and vary from a long whistled glissando in the white - winged potoo ( nyctibius leucopterus ) to a loud guttural snoring in the great potoo .
great potoos are a predatory species that prey on larger flying invertebrates and in some cases vertebrates , like smaller birds or bats .
long - tailed potoo ( nyctibius aethereus ) also is broadly sympatric with common potoo in south america , although it usually is much less abundant than common ; long - tailed does not occur in central america . long - tailed is larger than common potoo , with a much longer , graduated tail , and usually is much tawnier overall . long - tailed potoo also usually shows a prominent whitish or buffy lateral throat streak , and a prominent buffy panel on the wing coverts .
according to birds of peru : revised and updated edition , the juvenile great potoo is
particularly ' ghostly ' white
in colour , and has brown iris , neither of which matches the black - eyed grey bird in the photos . intriguing .
introduction : this strange - looking bird takes advantage of its cryptic plumage to escape our eyes . in addition , its usual motionless posture while perching in tree makes it invisible . its plumage is very similar to the bark . the great potoo is a nocturnal predatory species and feeds primarily on insects caught by sallying from exposed arboreal perches . potoos are endemic to the neotropics and are an ancient lineage once more widespread than at present . the genus nyctibius includes seven species and the great potoo is the largest one .
a very bizarre bird was photographed in venezuela recently . meet the potoo , which is rarely seen in daylight . : pics
skutch , a .
common potoo .
in birds of tropical america . austin : university of texas press , 1983 .
bizarre , nocturnal birds that are rarely seen during the day , they reveal their presence with eerie vocalizations that carry for long distances . the common potoo ( nyctibius griseus ) gives a mournful series of whistled notes that go down in scale . the huge great potoo ( nyctibius grandis ) utters loud squawks and a deep guttural sound that has frightened many a guest and given rise to folktales throughout its range . deep inside the forest , the strange call of the long - tailed potoo ( nyctibius aethereus ) is also occasionally heard .
nightjars and their allies : the caprimulgiformes by d . t . holyoak it states that the great potoo ' s irides are
brown to dark brown or chestnut
, but therefore not black . i suspect that the mystery potoo either has extremely dilated pupils or is a juvenile with all - black eyes ( though i have yet to read anywhere that juvenile potoos of any species have black eyes ) .
great potoos have relatively large heads in relation to their bodies . they have large eyes with a light brown to yellow iris
- urltoken
range : common potoo breeds and is resident in tropical central and south america , from costa rica to northern argentina and northern uruguay .
this species is classified as a species of least concern by the international union for conservation of nature . the great potoo has a large range and population so although the population appears to be decreasing , it is not a rapid enough decrease to cause alarm . ( birdlife international 2009 ) .
calls and songs : sounds by xeno - canto the great potoo gives guttural growl “gra - a - a” and fairly similar harsh , grating “wah - h - h oo - oo - oo” . other cries such as a drawn - out “awhrrr” , a groaning “rroh - rr” and a deep , owl - like “who - who” can be heard too . the song is a harsh , strangulated “kwaaahw” or “baahoo” sometimes followed by shorter note “borr - bor” . this song is usually repeated several times at 10 - 20 second intervals . the great potoo calls most frequently on moonlit nights .
common potoo defends nest and chick by some displays such as : remaining motionless , the most typical display of this species ; elaborated slow movements in order to conceal the chick ; and by vocal distraction display at night . but common potoo adopts different strategies , according to the circumstances .
i know it ' s a potoo and they look weird , but this is still a really weird looking potoo . can someone please finally explain why both eyes are super dilated ? i watched some videos of potoos in daylight and they didn ' t have eyes like this whatsoever .
great potoo bird habitat diet predators lifespan population and endangered status forests large insects little is known of their lifespan . the potoo bird is decreasing but not fast enough to become a concern . bats capuchin monkeys central american spider monkeys mantled howler monkeys tayras collared forest falcon interesting facts rainforests farmland the only deaths recorded were from unknown causes . only one egg is laid during breeding season . they keep their eyes shut to camouflage themselves from enemies .
the great potoo is a species of bird . it is the largest bird of the potoo species and also the largest bird in the order of nightjars and relatives ( caprimulgiformes ) . it’s a species native to central and south america , occurring most commonly across mexico , guatemala and as far south as brazil . it’s most likely habitats include dense lowland forest , woodlands and occasionally meadows . they are reliant on trees however for perching and camouflage .
the great potoo forages at dusk and at night in the forest canopy , often 8 - 10 metres above the ground or more . at night , it may use lower posts , around 1 , 50 metre above the ground in clearings . the bird returns usually to the same perch after each attack .
do you really think that sugar glider is bizarre enough , then wait until you know more about the great potoo bird . with two very large and very black eyes set on the side of its head and feathers that look more like fur in a camouflage pattern , a lot of people find the potoo bird to be a little bit unsettling at first appearance – at least until they get to know just how friendly , carefree , and quirky their personalities can be .
after several more minutes of silence , we went farther up the river . this time we hit the jackpot . almost immediately a bird called from a nearby tree . then a second bird . “grrraaawwww” they said to each other in a language that could only be appreciated by a great potoo — and three exuberant birders !
great potoos are monogamous breeders with no dimorphism between the sexes . in fact , the sexes are so similar that time budgeting at the nest per sex has not been determined .
bird singing from tall grass / large shrubby area off - trail .
background
pauraque is louder than the potoo , unfortunately . habitat is tropical deciduous woodland .
all things considered , the potoo bird definitely makes an interesting . you want to be sure that you know exactly what you’re getting into with these wacky and wild looking birds , but for the most part it’s going to be a fun ride adding them to your home if you ever decided to look for potoo bird for sale .
) , it stated that the bird had allegedly been captured on the outskirts of a rural venezuelan town , which if true provides further support for a potoo identity .
hi darren , i ' m not sure . the top - right pic in the quartet shows that the bird does have dark spots in the middle of the breast , and wikipedia claims that the great potoo has an orange eye ( i . e . iris ) , not a dark - brown one . i ' ll check this out further .
the potoo has camouflage feathers to blend into the tree , and it has night vision and two small hitches above its eyelids . it can still see with closed eyes .
huh , interesting . i checked cleere & nurney ' s nightjars : a guide to nightjars and related nightbirds , and their illustrations and descriptions of the great potoo pretty much match what we see in those new photos . nevertheless , variation within that ( and other ) species could be an underappreciated problem - it certainly is with frogmouths ( which reminds me . . ) .
after studying the distant bird for a few minutes through the scope , i was still not convinced . why not a northern potoo ? john fitzpatrick also studied the bird , carefully weighing each feature . he had just come from pico bonita lodge in honduras where he had seen several great potoos . “i don’t know . it kind of looks like a great to me . ” we compared the pictures of the two potoos in my book birds of belize . “the picture in your book sucks , ” he said , only half in jest . we looked at the lump on the branch some more . after about a half hour , i said , “i have to agree with you . it may be a great potoo after all . ” to my surprise john countered , “i don’t know . the pattern in the wings doesn’t look right . it could be a northern . ” we left the bird eager to learn more . that night , john googled “great potoo” and found several dozen photos posted on the internet . i pored through my reference library at home . i compared illustrations and photographs from other sources with the one in my book . indeed , the picture in my book did suck ! my only excuse : i had never seen the bird before , so how was i to know what it looked like ?
now , after you have read all the information about this exotic pet and now you are aware of how to take care of it and what potoo bird diet looks like , let´s head to the most important question potoo bird for sale and the answer may not be as you hoped for . well , to buy a potoo bird seems to not be available in the bird stores in nowadays and to own one you may be in need for a license as they are likely to be governed by laws protecting wildlife or the animal trade .
the bigger problem re its identity , however , is that the plumage colouration of the mystery potoo doesn ' t match descriptions of juvenile great potoos , the mystery bird being too dark . no , i don ' t think potoos ( pottos are primates ! ) are demonic - looking either , and agree that they are much more muppet - like , especially their huge mouths .
…we saw a great selection that morning , including yellow - throated and white - eyed vireos , magnolia , black - and - white and golden - winged warblers and lots of gray catbirds . .
life food will need to be provided to the potoo birds that you are taking care of in the form of large insects and possibly even mice if your budget can stand it . predominantly , however , the potoo birds are going to eat insects which are relatively inexpensive and easy enough to feed your birds , so you shouldn’t really have any trouble there , either .
great potoos only ever venture away from their roosting area when they hunt . their hunting perches are usually in close proximity to their day time roosts . the size of these home ranges is not known .
…that cooperative margay that most of us enjoyed as it lounged on a limb before melting into the woods was marvelous . we watched the great potoo at our leisure , and enjoyed the feeder raids of the white - nosed coati troop and the late evening appearance of the rare highland guan on the lodge grounds . every day around the lodge we enjoyed the gurgling sounds of the local montezuma oropendolas… .
competition between the nightjars and potoos is reduced because the latter hunt mostly from higher perches in open country or exploit the space above the great forests , a vast niche occupied by practically no other nocturnal bird .
relatively simple and straightforward to take care of , at least as far as bird pets are concerned , potoo birds will have to be fed a pretty steady diet that can get a little bit on the expensive side – some in the avian world have called these birds little more than flying mouths with eyeballs – but other than that things really shouldn’t be all that challenging with potoo birds .
this species has a very large breeding range and has a global population estimated at 500 . 000 - 5 . 000 . 000 individuals . there is no information on population trends , but the great potoo is estimated to lose 19 - 25 % of suitable habitat over the next 2 decades , based on a model of amazonian deforestation . it is therefore expected to suffer a small decline in the near future .
looking at the four photos , i readily recognised the bird to be a potoo . true , there is a superficial similarity to the frogmouths , but having recently seen and photographed a living specimen of
because of the elusive nature of great potoos , little is known about their longevity and life span . the only documented mortalities were of unknown causes and in one instance a person had shot an adult from a tree .
no potoo species is regarded as globally threatened , but several have suffered large declines in populations as a result of deforestation . in particular , populations of white - winged potoos in the forests of the bahia region of southeastern brazil must now be endangered if they are not already extinct , and the widespread long - tailed potoo ( nyctibius aethereus ) is reported to be rare in most parts of its range .
great potoos have relatively large heads in relation to their bodies . they have large eyes with a light brown to yellow iris and beaks that are short but broad , giving them a very large gape . in comparison to other
it appears to be a great pokoo . dark brown irides can be distinguished in the upper left and lower left photos . the coloration of the plumage indicates the bird may be in the transitional age between juvenile and mature .
nature picture library 5a great george street bristol bs1 5rr united kingdom tel : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 911 4675 fax : + 44 ( 0 ) 117 911 4699 info @ urltoken http : / / www . urltoken
potoos are monogamous . they do not build a nest ; instead a single egg is laid in a natural hollow on top of a branch or on a high tree stump . the egg is oval - elliptical or elliptical with white color and spots of brown or gray . incubation and care of the young is carried out by both sexes , although details are poorly known . the few data on the incubation period show that it may last 30–33 days in the gray potoo , which has fledging periods of 40–51 days . the larger great potoo has a fledging period of at least 55 days . young have pale down when hatched . adult birds incubating eggs
cohn - haft , m . & kirwan , g . m . ( 2018 ) . great potoo ( nyctibius grandis ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 7 july 2018 ) .
as potoos are nocturnal and well camouflaged with their elongated bodies and mottled feathers , it is very difficult to find them except by accident when sitting motionless on a habitual perch during the day . more often this species is heard rather than seen . all potoos are large birds with long tails and large , rounded heads . of this group , the great potoo is the largest , and is the palest in coloration , usually with whitish plumage .
protection / threats / status : common potoo’s populations are stable and non endangered . this species has good camouflage , it is active by night , and it does not suffer degradation of its habitat or human disturbances .
vocalizations in great potoos take place mostly at night and are assumed to be a way of communicating territorial boundaries to other great potoos . the repertoire of vocalizations includes a deeper , frog - like
baaaao
and an eerier
whoap
. between the two different calls the
whoap
occurs more often , and has been heard from both birds that are perched and in flight . in rare instances clicking noises have been heard , but their purpose is unknown .
sharp - tailed ibis , río branco spinetail , rio branco and white - bellied antbirds , saffron crested tyrant - manakin , smoky - fronted tody - flycatcher , crested doradito , black hooded thrush , great - billed seed - finch .
during the day , it is quiet , often perched on large branch in tall tree . the bird is motionless and its cryptic plumage is a perfect camouflage against the bark of the trunk . the large eyes are closed , but not completely , and only a narrow slit is visible . during the nesting period , movements are reduced to a minimum and only related to nest and chick protection . the great potoo is a solitary bird except during the breeding season .
before we investigate in potoo bird for sale , we should mention that these birds are predominantly a nocturnal three though they can open up their personalities a little bit in captivity during the daytime . among potoo facts , we can mention that they also have unique slits in their eyelids that allow them to detect motion even when they appear to be completely asleep , which will make them always on alert and something that you want to be aware of .
great potoos are carnivores that hunt nocturnal , flying prey items in the air at night , most frequently large insects and sometimes bats . they usually find a lower perch to fly from and then return to the perch to consume the prey item .
one of the potoo bird facts is that it grows to up to 24 inches in length , as we mentioned above this bird looks as though it isn’t covered in feathers but instead covered in for and has an oversized beak , and oversized mouth , and very large and sometimes unsettling eyeballs that are stuck almost directly on the side of its head . are you impressed yet with potoo facts ? not yet , then wait for what is coming next .
most potoo species are found in tropical south america , but the overall range of the family extends from subtropical areas in mexico , hispaniola , and jamaica south to southern brazil and uruguay . all species are thought to be sedentary .
footnote : after several more trips up the river in the following week , wilfred and his assistant found several more great potoos , including two at a potential nest site in a hollowed out branch not far from where we had first seen the bird .
potoo feathers are believed , in some parts of rural brazil , to have the power to ensure chastity , and consequently potoos are hunted for body parts to be used in ceremonies to ward off seduction ( cohn - haft 1999 ) .
…while we would see neither of these as wild individuals , we did see over 100 species of great birds . the xukpi ( mayan for motmot ) took center stage with exceptional views of both the blue - crowned motmot and the stunning turquoise - browed motmot…
of course , the colour of the great potoo ' s irides is effectively irrelevant in relation to the mystery potoo ' s identity because the latter bird ' s eyes appear entirely black , its irides can ' t be seen - or can they ? yesterday , fb friend george warren shank , speaking about the mystery potoo photo that opens this shukernature post and also appears at bottom - left in the photo quartet , stated to me :
i noticed if you zoom in on this little guy you can see the gold rimmed eyes
. when i enlarged that photo , i couldn ' t discern this , but my computer ' s viewing set - up mightn ' t be as advanced as george ' s or other people ' s . so if anyone else can perceive gold rims ( i . e . gold irides ) in that particular photo , please post your comments here , as i ' d be interested to hear from you . thanks very much .
although june can be a fairly quiet time as far as birds go - most species are nesting at this time and not singing or showing themselves much - it is precisely the nesting that makes it a very exciting time at las brisas nature reserve . one of the more interesting findings this year was a nesting great potoo ( nyctibius grandis ) . this species does not build a nest , rather it balances the single white egg on an indentation or the tip of a broken snag . we found a pair had decided to nest on a rather low branch only 8m above the ground , which offers a great opportunity for studying this species ' breeding behavior . in the photographs you can see the young potoo ( about half grown ) holding on to the same branch where it hatched out of the egg ! taking advantage of the fact that this nestling is fairly low , we have set up a motion activated camera nearby to learn more about its behavior , so stay tuned for more photos !
habitat : common potoo breeds in open woodlands and savannahs . it can be seen in forest edges and semi - open areas with hedges and scattered trees . it avoids montane regions , and it is rarely seen over 1900 metres of elevation .
today our journey takes us across the northern rupununi savannah . the road we follow skirts numerous gallery forests and wetlands areas offering great views of a variety of herons , ducks , jabiru , possibly pinnated bittern , great - billed seed finch , bicolored wren , gray seedeater , grassland yellow finch , yellowish pipit , white - fringed antwren , crested bobwhite , green - rumped parrotlet , yellow - hooded blackbird the colorful orange - backed troupial and the agile aplomado falcon . we may even encounter a giant anteater if we are lucky .
habitat : the great potoo frequents primarily forest and rainforest , forest edge habitats and farmlands . during the day , it often perches motionless in large trees , at least 12 metres above the ground . but at night , it moves to lower perches , around 1 , 50 metre , from which it hunts . it may venture into clearings and also forages in open areas near forest . this species usually occurs around 400 metres of elevation , but it can be seen up to 1000 metres in peru and bolivia .
reproduction of this species : the nesting apparently occurs all year round , but mainly between february and august . the great potoo does not build a nest , but it uses a natural depression , a deep notch or a crevice in a large branch in the canopy , often high in tree , between 12 and 34 metres above the ground according to the tree species . the eggs can be laid in the scar left by a broken branch , or on top of a broken stub . there is no nesting material added .
a predominantly nocturnal bird , potoo bird for sale that are available to purchase at pet stores – usually exotic pet stores – and from breeders all over the world have personalities that have adjusted to a day time clock , making them interesting pets , potoo pet , to keep around the home for sure . smart , agile , and offering plenty of unique companionship , this south american and central american bird will definitely make you the talk of the town if you decide to bring it home with you !
19–23 in ( 48–57 cm ) ; 12 . 7–22 oz ( 360–624 g ) . the largest member of its genus . overall color ranges from buff - brown to nearly white ; the palest and most variable species of potoo . sexes are similar .
potoos have little economic importance . their loud nocturnal voices are well known to local people , although potoos ' calls are often attributed to other animals such as sloths . potoos formerly figured in superstitions and folklore at least in rural brazil , where the melancholy song of gray potoos was believed to be a sad lament from the reincarnation of one of a pair of separated , widowed , or unrequited lovers . the harsher voice of the great potoo , on the other hand , was sometimes considered a sign of bad luck or impending death .
subspecies and range : the great potoo has two subspecies . n . g . guatemalensis ( not displayed ) is found in extreme s mexico and guatemala , and possibly honduras . this race has longer wings and tail than nominate . the back is richer brown and less vermiculated dusky . n . g . grandis ( described and displayed ) is found in nicaragua , s to n south america , mostly e of the andes throughout amazonia to n paraguay , and in se brazil . it may occur locally between amazonia and atlantic forest regions .
the main food items of potoos are flying insects , particularly beetles , moths , orthopterans , and termites . there are a few records of the larger potoos ( great potoos ) taking small bats , and once a small bird ( white - throated seedeater , sporophila torqueola ) was found in the stomach of a northern potoo . prey is captured by sallying flights from exposed perches such as tree stumps , branches , or fence posts . prey items are mainly caught in the air , less often taken from vegetation , and apparently not taken from the ground .
one of the potoo bird facts is that this nocturnal bird really prefers to keep itself hidden throughout the day , when they have been raised in captivity and trained to be pets they have a much more mischievous , playful , and agreeable personality – daytime or not .
why had we been foolish enough to think that the bird would have hung around for two days and had the disposition to call ? we had been there nearly a half hour with , at best , maybe a half dozen pauraques to our credit . but no potoo .
currently great potoos are not of primary conservation concern . they inhabit a broad geographic region and are capable of long distance dispersal . it is suspected that the population has been drastically decreased with the reduction in forest area associated with slash and burn farming , but remaining populations are estimated to be large .
“over there ! ” john whispered . “did you hear that ? ” wilfred and i both nodded . “that sounded just like the birds i heard in honduras last week . great potoo ! ” he declared . it did sound like the recording i had heard over and over on xeno - canto , the website dedicated to audiotracks of bird sounds from all over the world . but it was way off in the distance and barely audible . we heard a second bird on the opposite side of the river , but it was even farther away . each bird had called only once .
behaviour in the wild : the great potoo feeds on flying insects caught by sallying from exposed perches . it flies up into the air , catches the prey and returns to a perch , often the same . sallies are usually initiated from arboreal perches and never from the ground . it also pursues the prey in flight and can be very acrobatic , even in the dense forest . the preys include various insects such as coleoptera and orthoptera , and other insect species . small bats are sometimes taken too . the preys are engulfed whole while flying , thanks to the large gape and mouth .
during the day , common potoo rests in trees . it usually perches on dead snags in tree , perfectly motionless , at various heights . its cryptic plumage and its upright posture make it almost invisible , as a dead small branch . it can stay completely still during long moments .
great potoos are a solitary species with the only observed social interactions being between parents and young during parental care and provisioning . great potoos are nocturnal , with a majority of their activity at night focused on catching and consuming prey items including large flying insects and sometimes bats . feeding includes sallying flights from lower perches then returning to the perch to consume prey items . prey is usually caught from the air by engulfing it in their large gape . during the day they are extremely still , and usually find a higher perch if they are not in their nesting spot . they avoid movement presumably to enhance the effectiveness of their cryptic coloration . during nesting they reduce their movement to a minimum unless disturbed by possible threats , after which they freeze which is assumed to be predation vigilance . grooming behavior is distinct in that great potoos scratches their heads by moving the foot up and over the wing instead of coming up from beneath the wing .
there is little information on the molts of common potoo . probably follows the complex basic molt strategy ; holyoak ( 2001 ) reported an adult specimen with retained juvenile primaries . wing molt is serially descendent ( i . e . , step - wise ) ( stresemann and stresemann 1966 ) .
the paleocene & eocene ( 37 - 65 million years ago ) may have been a time of great radiation (
tertiary explosion
; feduccia 1995 , 2003 ) , with as many as 16 new orders developing ( but , see
fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the cretaceous
below ) .
the next morning john and i compared notes . both of us had concluded that it was probably a great , but neither of us was willing to declare it a great . “someone needs to go there before dawn and listen for it to call , ” john said . he was right . while the two species look very similar , their calls are quite different . i looked at john . john looked at me . we both looked at wilfred . “tomorrow morning , 4 a . m . , ” wilfred said . john and i both grimaced . looks like the “someone” john had referred to was going to be the three of us .
8 . 3–9 . 8 in ( 21–25 cm ) ; 1 . 6–2 . 0 oz ( 46–58 g ) . coloration is atypical for a potoo . overall the bird is deep orange - rufous with large white spots bordered in black ; long bristles spring from the loral area . sexes similar .
the great potoo is a very large bird at 19 - 24 inches ( 48 - 60 cm ) in length and weighing 12 . 8 oz – 1 . 4 lb ( 360 - 650 g ) . its coloring is mottled light brown and light grey with some black thrown in and it also has large orange - yellow eyes . these bright eyes are the only way to spot this species at night as its plumage is designed perfectly for camouflage . its call is deep and rasping growl which is repeated consistently when it decides to burst into “song” ! it’s also believed to make an extremely loud bark when it’s disturbed .
…hummingbird feeders off the back deck treated us to point - blank views of white - necked jacobin , violet - crowned woodnymph , rufous - tailed hummingbird , and long - billed and stripe - throated hermits . noisy pairs of great kiskadees and social flycatchers constructed nests in plain view from the deck , and black - cheeked woodpeckers…
hi john , thanks for sharing your potoo encounter ! i was particularly interested in your confirmation that its eyes were solid black , as there has been some dispute here about this , as seen in some of the earlier comments . very eerie - looking birds , yet totally harmless . all the best , karl
ask guides about sites for potoos : the guides who work for rainforest expeditions make efforts to keep up on recent sightings of monkeys , eagles , frogs and other interesting animals such as potoos . if the roosting site of a potoo is known , they will be happy to show you one of these strange birds .
the great potoo is a mysterious species that likes to keep itself hidden . the breeding period is thought to be between february and august but it is also claimed that this bird can be found breeding all year round . its nest is always found at least 33 ft ( 10m ) above ground and only one large white egg is laid at a time . there is very little information regarding the brooding behaviour of this species but from the research we do have it’s believed that the chicks leave the nest when they’re around 8 weeks old . its not known which of the parents incubates the eggs and guards the chicks as two adult birds have never been seen in the nest at one time .
following a satisfying sighting , we will continue on to surama lodge for lunch and a well - deserved cold beer or cold drink of your choice . birds in the forest on our return walk may include the shy rufous - winged ground - cuckoo or rufous - throated antbird . this afternoon , we will bird along the forest edges and visit a nearby great potoo and mottled owl roost . we may find grassland sparrow , wedge - tailed grassfinch , rufous - crowned elaenia , white - throated toucan , fork - tailed palm swift and at dusk , white - tailed nightjar , least nighthawk , lesser nighthawk , tropical screech owl , and northern tawny - bellied screech owl could be quite likely .
watch for them on moonlit nights : since potoos tend to call more on clear , moonlit nights , they are also easier to locate at such times . listen for their calls and see if you can go on a night walk with a guide to track them down . great potoos often call from and perch on snags that stick up above the forest canopy .
potoo , ( genus nyctibius ) , any of seven species of solitary , nocturnal birds of the american tropics . its name imitates the wailing cry , “po - too , ” made by some species . the potoos’ complex patterns of gray , black , and brown plumage resemble tree bark . during the day , the birds sleep , vertically…
i suspect that a conclusive taxonomic identification of this potoo from the photos alone will not be possible , and that it needs to be examined directly , but as yet i have not been able to find any further , more precise details concerning it , including its specific location or even if it is still there , or indeed still alive .
both male and female great potoos incubate eggs at the nest during the day . during incubation it has been noted that at no point were both parents simultaneously at or around the nest . after the eggs have hatched both parents hunt at night and return to the nest to provision young with prey items . provisioning continues until offspring have fully fledged and permanently leave the nest .
tried to figure out the exact species but potoos ' s ( grammar ? ) morphology are highly conserved between species . judging by the colouration i would guess northern potoo ( can ' t link on mobile ) . it seems that the characteristic reflective , yellow iris is being washed out by surrounding light , making it appear black ( and creepy as fuck ) .
my previous comment becomes even more apposite in view of the following statement :
brumfield et al . ( 1997 ) investigated the relationships among the potoos based in isozyme electrophoresis of 23 presumed genetic loci from 20 enzyme systems . the monophyly of nyctibiidae was confirmed . the position of nyctibius grandis within the family was not fully clarified . one interesting result of this study was the discovery of a large genetic distance ( nei ' s d = 0 . 101 ) between one sample of grandis from panama and two samples from bolivia . in view of this genetic distance , and the geographical disjunction between populations in amazonia and in southeastern brazil , cohn - haft ( 1999 ) raised the possibilty that the great potoo may contain multiple cryptic species .
source : urltoken


mordellistena varietas is a species of beetle in the mordellistena genus that is in the mordellidae family .

it was described by ray in 1937 .

mordellistena varietas

larva : mordellistena is the only genus in this family which larvae have characteristic tergal processes and paired urogomphi ( comment by artjom zaitsev ) .
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urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
formerly treated in a much broader sense ; many spp . have been moved to other genera , incl .
small , slender , linear or wedge - shaped . scutellum somewhat trianglular , rounded . antennae usually threadlike , sometimes slightly sawtoothed . eyes coarsely granulate . each hind tibia has 1 - 6 short , more or less oblique ridges on outer surface ; tarsal segments may also bear ridges . most are solid black , but some have red , orange or yellow markings
plants in aster family , some trees , mostly oak . for many species , food in unknown .
ford e . j . , jackman j . a . ( 1996 ) new larval host plant associations of tumbling flower beetles ( coleoptera : mordellidae ) in north america . coleopterists bulletin 50 : 361 - 368 .
nomenclatural changes for selected mordellidae ( coleoptera ) in north america j . a . jackman & w . lu . 2001 . insecta mundi 15 ( 1 ) : 31 - 34 .
taxonomic changes for fifteen species of north american mordellidae ( coleoptera ) a . e . lisberg . 2003 . insecta mundi 17 ( 3 - 4 ) : 191 - 194 .
american beetles , volume ii : polyphaga : scarabaeoidea through curculionoidea arnett , r . h . , jr . , m . c . thomas , p . e . skelley and j . h . frank . ( eds . ) . 2002 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
a manual of common beetles of eastern north america dillon , elizabeth s . , and dillon , lawrence . 1961 . row , peterson , and company .
peterson field guides : beetles richard e . white . 1983 . houghton mifflin company .
the book of field and roadside : open - country weeds , trees , and wildflowers of eastern north america john eastman , amelia hansen . 2003 . stackpole books .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
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