neostylopyga is a genus of cockroaches .

some of the species are strikingly coloured and patterned and are popular in cultures under the common name " harlequin roaches " or " harlequin cockroaches " .

neostylopyga

no one has contributed data records for neostylopyga rhombifolia yet . learn how to contribute .
primers used in the pcr amplification of periplaneta australasiae ( pa ) and neostylopyga rhombifolia ( nr ) mitogenomes .
complete mitochondrial genomes of two blattid cockroaches , periplaneta australasiae and neostylopyga rhombifolia , and phylogenetic relationships within the blattaria .
s2 fig . putative secondary structures of the 22 trna genes identified in the mitochondrial genome of neostylopyga rhombifoli a .
ootheca of neostylopyga rombifolia ( stoll . ) and periplaneta americana ( linn . ) ( blattaria : blattidae ) .
complete mitochondrial genomes of two blattid cockroaches , periplaneta australasiae and neostylopyga rhombifolia , and phylogenetic relationships wi . . . - pubmed - ncbi
all sequences of periplaneta australasiae and neostylopyga rhombifolia are available from the genbank database ( accession numbers are kx640825 and kx640826 , respectively ) .
data availability : all sequences of periplaneta australasiae and neostylopyga rhombifolia are available from the genbank database ( accession numbers are kx640825 and kx640826 , respectively ) .
shelford . 1911 . ent . rec . 23 ( 9 ) : 242 > > neostylopyga urn : lsid : blattodea . speciesfile . org : taxonname : 364
a new species of the genus neostylopyga shelford , 1911 , n . laosana sp . n . , is described from laos , and the male genitalia are examined in detail . the type species of the genus neostylopyga , n . rhombifolia ( stoll , 1813 ) , is redescribed , and the taxonomic position of the genus is discussed .
citation : ma j , du c , zhou c , sheng y , fan z , yue b , et al . ( 2017 ) complete mitochondrial genomes of two blattid cockroaches , periplaneta australasiae and neostylopyga rhombifolia , and phylogenetic relationships within the blattaria . plos one 12 ( 5 ) : e0177162 . urltoken
examples of the cockroach which can be controlled by using the composition of the present invention and the active ingredients , include blattella germanica , blattella nipponica , periplaneta fuliginosa , periplaneta americana , periplaneta australasiae , periplaneta brunnea , blatta orientalis , periplaneta japonica , periplaneta japanna , neostylopyga rhombifolia , hebardina yayeyamana , rhabdoblatta formosana , trichoblatta pygmaea and panesthia angustipennis spadica .
princis . 1966 . in beier [ ed . ] . blattariae : suborbo [ sic ] blattoidea . fam . : blattidae , nocticolidae . orthopterorum catalogus ( 8 ) : 534 > > note : the bsf ' s record for this scientific name originated from this reference . it was digitised by g . w . beccaloni in 2005 . > > neostylopyga
princis . 1966 . in beier [ ed . ] . blattariae : suborbo [ sic ] blattoidea . fam . : blattidae , nocticolidae . orthopterorum catalogus ( 8 ) : 534 > > note : the bsf ' s record for this scientific name originated from this reference . it was digitised by g . w . beccaloni in 2005 . > > neostylopyga rhombifolia urn : lsid : blattodea . speciesfile . org : taxonname : 389
( a ) organization of the a + t - rich region of periplaneta australasiae and neostylopyga rhombifolia . ( b ) alignment of conserved sequence block1 in the a + t - rich regions of blattinae . ( c ) alignment of conserved sequence block2 in the a + t - rich regions of in blattinae . ( d ) alignment of conserved sequence block3 ( stem - loop structures ) in the a + t - rich regions of blattaria . an oval indicates a tandem repeat sequence . a colored box shows the non - repeat region , and a red box shows the conserved sequences . consensus bases are shown in red color . the alignments are generated by plotting the identities to a standard as a dot and a gap as a dash .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
large cockroach , 25 - 30 mm long ; black with yellow pattern ; tegmina reduced in both sexes to small lobes ( 4 mm long ) ; hind wings absent ; posterior margin of pronotum strongly sinuate ; pronotum with a pale band along anterior margin ; supraanal plate with a strong , median , v - shaped notch .
. volume 1 . a laboratory insect and industrial pest . hutchinson of london , 391 pp .
. vol . 2 . apterygota to thysanoptera , inclusive . university of hawaii press , honolulu , pp . 73 - 98 .
updated on 4 / 15 / 2014 1 : 23 : 47 am available online : padil - http : / / www . padil . gov . au .
these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors . this process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves .
original russian text © l . n . anisyutkin , 2010 , published in entomologicheskoe obozrenie , 2010 , vol . 89 , no . 3 , pp . 596–602 .
bruijning , 1959 ( dictyoptera , blattellidae ) from central and south america , ” entomol . obozr .
bolivar , i . , “les orthoptères de st - joseph’s college à trichinopoly ( sud de l’inde ) , ” ann . soc . entomol . france
grandcolas , p . , “the phylogeny of cockroach families : a cladistic appraisal of morpho - anatomical data , ” can . j . zool .
hebard , m . , “the blattidae of north america , north of the mexican boundary , ” mem . amer . entomol . soc . , no . 2 , 1–284 ( 1917 ) .
klass , k . - d . , “the external male genitalia and the phylogeny of blattaria and mantodea , ” bonn . zool . monogr . , no . 42 , 341 ( 1997 ) .
, ed . by hanström , b . , brinck , p . , and rudebeck , g . ( stockholm , 1963 ) , pp . 9–318 .
( dr . w . junk , ’s - gravenhage , 1966 ) , pp . 401–614 .
, ed . by wytsman , p . ( bruxelles , 1910 ) , pp . 1–27 .
shelford , r . , “the latest in nomenclature , ” entomol . rec .
shelford , r . , “descriptions of some new species of blattidae , ” ann . mag . nat . hist . ser . 8
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
cockroach species file ( version 5 . 0 / 5 . 0 ) home search taxa key help wiki
display . you can modify these specifications at any time by clicking the
change items displayed
button in the header .
if you want your changes to be preserved for future sessions , you should login . to do this , click on the logo in the upper left corner .
copyright © 2018 . except where otherwise noted , content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution - noncommercial - sharealike 4 . 0 international license .
stoll . 1813 . represent . exact . coloree d ' apres nature d . spectres . . . 2 5 > > blatta rhombifolia urn : lsid : blattodea . speciesfile . org : taxonname : 390
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
beccaloni g . w . ( 2007 - ) cockroach species file online . version 5 . 0
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
atkinson , thomas h . , philip g . koehler , and richard s . patterson
nomina insecta nearctica : a check list of the insects of north america : vol . 4 : non - holometabolous orders
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
baehr , m . 2004 ,
the amblytelini . a tribe of corticolous ground beetles from australia . taxonomy , phylogeny , biogeography . ( coleoptera : carabidae : psydrinae )
, coleoptera , vol . 8 , no . 2004 , pp . 1 - 286
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 2440893a - e4c0 - 4b8d - b8dd - dea5c1386d0e
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 489617b7 - 8ad5 - 46f7 - 91a7 - bd23bb076a33
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 943b1324 - eaa3 - 47d4 - 9fe2 - 65d2074d5372
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : 019523f6 - 0310 - 4cfa - ba92 - 51f1276a2916
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 435584
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
warning : the ncbi web site requires javascript to function . more . . .
ma j 1 , du c 1 , zhou c 2 , sheng y 3 , fan z 1 , 2 , yue b 1 , 2 , zhang x 1 , 2 .
key laboratory of bio - resources and eco - environment , ministry of education , college of life sciences , sichuan university , chengdu , china .
sichuan key laboratory of conservation biology on endangered wildlife , college of life sciences , sichuan university , chengdu , china .
pmid : 28486518 pmcid : pmc5423650 doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0177162
genes coded in the j - strand are inside of the circle . gene coded in the n - strand are outside of the circle . cox1 , cox2 and cox3 refer to the cytochrome c oxidase subunits ; cytb refers to cytochrome b ; atpase6 and atpase8 refer to atp synthase subunits 6 and 8 genes ; and nd1 - nd6 and nd4l refer to the nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1–6 and 4l genes .
consensus bases are shown in red color . the alignments are generated by plotting the identities to a standard as a dot .
bayesian phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide data of all genes excluding the third codon sites of the protein - coding genes ( bi - all - 12 ) .
numbers abutting branches refer to bayesian posterior probabilities ( bpp ) . two odonatan insects brachythemis contaminata and hydrobasileus croceus were used to root the tree as outgroups .
maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide data of all genes excluding the third codon sites of the protein - coding genes ( ml - all - 12 ) .
numbers abutting branches refer to bootstrap proportions ( bsp ) . two odonatan insects brachythemis contaminata and hydrobasileus croceus were used to root the tree as outgroups .
substitution saturation analysis in the first , second , and third codon positions of 13 pcgs in all analyzed species .
tandem repeat region of a + t - rich region of six cockroach mitochondrial genomes .
the oval with different color indicates tandem repeat sequence . the colored box shows the non - repeat region .
we use cookies to optimise your experience when using this site . view our cookie policy and our new privacy notice .
agricola , u . , agounke , d . , fisher , h . v . and moore , d . 1989 , the control of
boucek , z . 1988 , australasian chalcidoidea , cab international , wallingford , u . k .
boucek , z . and narendran , t . c . 1981 , indian chalcid wasps ( hymenoptera ) of the genus dirhinus parasitic on synanthropic and other diptera ,
cherian , m . c . and margabandhu , v . 1943 , preliminary trials with trichogramma parasites for control of cotton boll worms ,
clausen , c . p . 1978 , introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds : a review , in : agricultural hand book , u . s . dept . of agriculture , washington , d . c . , usa .
david , h . and easwaramoorthy , s . 1985 , recent advances in biological control of sugarcane pests , in : advances in biological control research in india , eds . k . j . joseph and u . c . abdurahiman , proceedings of national seminar on entomophagous insects , calicut , india , pp . 200–213 .
de bach , p . 1959 , new species and strains of aphytis ( hymenoptera : eulophidae ) parasitic on the california red scale , aonidiella aurantii ( mask ) in the orient ,
eggleton , p . and belshaw , r . 1992 , insect parasitoids ; an evolutionary over view ,
eds . j . k . waage and d . j . greathead , academic press , london , uk .
hayat , m . and subba rao , b . r . 1986 , family trichogrammatidae ,
huffaker , c . b . and gutierrez , a . p . 1990 , natural enemies and prey population , in : armoured scale insects :
ed . d . rosen , volume b . , elsevier , germany , pp . 185 - 195 .
krishnamoorthy , a . and singh , s . p . 1987 , biological control of citrus mealy bug ,
lai , k . b . and singh , r . n . 1945 , control of
la salle , j . and gauld , i . d . 1991 , parasitic hymenoptera and biodiversity crisis ,
la salle , j . 1993 , parasitic hymenoptera , biological control and biodiversity , in :
eds . j . la salle and i . d . gauld , cab international , wallingford , uk , pp . 197–215 .
lee , m . s . and chiu , c . h . 1961 , preliminary observation both on ecology and morphology of the egg parasite of top - borer in sugarcane ,
mani , m . s . and sharma , s . k . 1982 , proctorupoidea ( hymenoptera ) from india , a review ,
may , r . m . and hassell , m . p . 1988 , population dynamics and biological control ,
nair , m . r . g . k . 1986 , insects and mites of crops in india , indian council of agricultural research , new delhi .
narendran , t . c . , anil , k . and surekha , k . 1992 , on some important and beneficial chalcids ( hymenoptera : chalcidoidea ) associated with sericulture industry in india ,
narendran , t . c . 1984a , key to indian genera of the family chalcididae ( hym . chalcidoidea ) ,
, ed . t . n . ananthakrishnan , oxford and ibh , new delhi , india .
narendran , t . c . 1987 , studies on indian chalcididae ( hymenoptera : chalcidoidea ) , department of zoology , university of calicut publication , calicut , india .
narendran , t . c . 1989 , oriental chalcididae ( hymenoptera : chalcidoidea ) , zoological monograph , department of zoology , university of calicut publication . calicut , india .
narendran , t . c . 1994 , torymidae and eurytomidae of indian subcontinent , zoological monograph , department of zoology , university of calicut publication , calicut , india .
( abs . ) , eds . d . ray chaudhuri and s . banergee , department of zoology , university of calcutta publication , calcutta , india , pp . 81–84 .
narasimham , a . v . and sankaran , t . 1982 , ecological specificity of a new oothecal parasite
nikam , p . k . and gaikward , a . m . 1989 , role of hyperparasitoids in the biological control of
pillai , g . b . and nair , k . r . 1982 , mating behaviour and biology of
pillai , g . b . and nair , k . r . 1983 ,
rajmohana , k . and narendran , t . c . 1998 , biodiversity of diapriid wasps ( hymenoptera ) of kerala and their potential as biocontrol agents , in :
rao , v . p . and nagarkatti , s . 1971 , can sugarcane borers in india be controlled by indigenous parasites ?
rao , v . p . , ghani , m . a . , sankaran , t . and mathur , k . c . 1971 , a review of biological control of insects and other pests in south east asia and pacefic region , cab
reid , w . v . and miller , k . r . 1989 ,
sithanantham , s . and solayappan , a . r . ( eds . ) 1980 ,
the tamil nadu co - operative sugar federation ltd . , madras , india .
eds . k . j . joseph and u . c . abdurahiman , proc . national seminar on entomophagous insects , calicut , india , pp . 116–122 .
surekha , k . , la salle , j . , sudheendrakumar , v . v . and murphy , s . t . 1996 , a new species of
sureshan , p . m . and narendran , t . c . 1997 , studies on sphegigaster spinola ( hymenoptera : chalcidoidea : pteromalidae ) from india ,
swezey , o . h . 1940 , a survey of the insect pest of cultivated plants in guam . ,
thompson , w . r . 1955 , a catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests , 3 ( 3 ) hosts of hymenoptera , pp . 191–332 .
thontadarya , t . s . and rao , k . j . 1985 , egg parasitoid as one of the components in integrated management of cotton pests , in :
, eds . k . j . joseph and u . c . abdurahiman , proc . national seminar on entomophagous insects , calicut , india , pp . 87–91 .
eds . k . j . joseph and u . c . abdurahiman , proc . national seminar on entomophagous insects , calicut , india , pp . 126–132 .
veeranna , g . and jyothi , h . k . 1994 , life - table studies on
narendran t . c . ( 2001 ) parasitic hymenoptera and biological control . in : upadhyay r . k . , mukerji k . g . , chamola b . p . ( eds ) biocontrol potential and its exploitation in sustainable agriculture . springer , boston , ma
the biology and control potential of hymenopterous natural enemies of cockroaches in the families ampulicidae , evaniidae , pteromalidae , eulophidae , eupelmidae , and encyrtidae were reviewed . emphasis was placed on parasitoids of major domiciliary cockroach species , especially those that have had experimental usage in integrated pest management programs . the most promising parasitoids were aprostocetus hagenowii ( ratzeburg ) against periplaneta species , and comperia merceti ( compere ) against supella longipalpa ( f . ) . future research should focus on practical augmentation techniques that will be compatible with other control methodologies in the urban environment .
certains aspects de la biologie et de l ' action potentielle des hyménoptères parasites de blattes , des familles ampulicidae , evaniidae , pteromalidae , eulophidae , eupelmidae , et encyrtidae ont été étudiés . un intérêt particulier a été porté aux parasites d ' espèces importantes de blattes , en particulier à celles qui ont été utilisées à titre expérimental dans des programmes de lutte intégrée . les parasites les plus prometteurs furent aprostocetus hagenowii ( ratzeburg ) contre les espèces periplaneta , et comperia merceti ( compere ) contre supella longipalpa ( f . ) . les études futures devraient se concentrer sur des techniques pratiques d ' augmentation des populations de parasites , qui seraient compatibles avec d ' autres méthodologies de lutte dans un environnement urbain .
ratz . , a field trial . in : symposium on biological approach to problems in medicine , industry and agriculture . —
. a biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families , with a reclassification of species . —
, pp . 967–1022 . in : catalog of hymenoptera in america north of mexico . i . symphyta and apocrita ( parasitica ) . (
— 1951 . part ii . the taxonomy and biology of the british evaniodea . —
— 1957 . parasites and predators introduced into the pacific islands for the biological control of insects and other pests . —
— 1952b . some notes on the habits and parasites of native wood - roaches in ohio . —
— 1742 . mémoires pour servir à l ' histoire des insectes , tome vi ( huitième mémoire ) . —
— 1975 . behavioral and ecological characteristics of a eulophid egg parasite of two species of domiciliary cockroaches . —
— 1988b . peridomestic cockroaches of florida : their species composition and suppression . —
, pp . 1574–1575 . in : catalog of hymenoptera in america north of mexico vol . 2 (
ratz . , an egg parasite of cockroachs , at taihoku ( in japanese ) . —
— 1980 . studies on some parasites of common cockroaches in south india . —
— 1978 . incidence of cockroach egg parasites in urban environments in texas and louisiana . —
— 1852 . die ichneumonen der forstinseckten in forstlicher und entomologischer beziehung . , 3 , 211 .
— 1950 . a catalog of the parasites and predators of insect pests . section 1 , part 2 . —
( fabr . ) a cockroach - hunting wasp introduced from new caledonia into hawaii . —
— 1944 . the aculeate wasps of new caledonia with natural history notes . —
this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited .
the fresh materials were preserved in 100 % ethanol and stored in a - 20°c refrigerator . whole - genomic dna was extracted from muscle tissue with the tianamp genomic dna kit ( tiangen , beijing , china ) .
] . then , based on the obtained sequences , species - specific primers were designed using primer premier 5 . 0 to amplify the overlapping fragments . primer sequences and locations for each pcr are listed in
] . within each pcr product , the full double - stranded sequence was determined by primer walking ( ptc - 100 thermal cycler , biorad , hercules , ca ) . the pcr was performed using vazyme taq enzyme with the following cycling conditions : an initial denaturation for 5 min at 94°c , followed by 35 cycles of denaturation for 30s at 94°c , annealing for 30 s at 51–62°c ( depending on primer combinations ) , elongation for 1–3 min ( depending on putative length of the fragments ) at 72°c , and a final extension step of 72°c for 10 min . the pcr products were assessed by electrophoresis in a 1 . 5 % agarose gel and were stained by double - stranded dna binding fluorescent dye ( goldview stain ) . the pcr products were purified using the dna agarose gel extraction kit ( omega , china ) and then sequenced from both directions on an abi prism 3730 dna sequencer by tsingke biotechnology company ( chengdu , china ) .
we used mtdna sequences of 57 species taken from genbank plus those of two additional species newly sequenced for this study . the list included 14 cockroaches , 17 termites , 8 mantids , 9 grasshoppers , 8 stick insects and a mantophasmatid . mitochondrial genomes of two dragonflies ( odonata ) , brachythemis contaminata and hydrobasileus croceus , were used as outgroups ( s1 table ) . we set up four datasets with different gene content : nucleotide data of all genes ( protein - coding , ribosomal rna , and transfer rna genes ) ( all - 123 ) , nucleotide data of all genes excluding the third codon sites of the protein - coding genes ( all - 12 ) , nucleotide data of protein - coding genes ( pcg - 123 ) , nucleotide data of protein - coding genes excluding third codon sites ( pcg - 12 ) . protein - coding genes , ribosomal rna , and transfer rna genes of these 57 species were extracted according to genbank annotations using genscalpel [ 31 ] . pcgs were aligned as dna codons in mega 5 . 0 , the unaligned and unmatched regions were selected and then back - translated into nucleotides and then deleted . the third codon positions of the 13 pcgs were excluded using dambe 6 . 4 . 42 [ 32 ] . nucleotide sequences of rna genes from the mitogenomes of the 59 species were aligned with mega 5 . 0 , the unaligned and unmatched regions were removed , and then the concatenated nucleotide sequences were combined to the end of the aligned nucleotide of 13 pcgs respectively .
in order to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within orthopteroidea , maximum likelihood ( ml ) and bayesian inference ( bi ) were used to determine the effect of analytical method on topology and nodal support . the program modeltest ver . 3 . 7 [ 33 ] was used with akaike information criterion ( aic ) [ 34 ] to calculate the substitution model selection . the gtr + i + g model was chosen as the best - fitting model for bi analysis . then bayesian inference ( bi ) analyses of nucleotides were performed with mrbayes 3 . 2 . 2 [ 35 ] . four chains ( one cold chain and three hot chains ) ran in parallel for 10 , 000 , 000 generations , sampling every 100 generations and burn - in of 2500 trees . for maximum likelihood ( ml ) of nucleotide datasets , we implemented the gtr matrix in the phyml online web server ( urltoken ) [ 36 ] with 1000 bootstrap replications . the phylogenetic trees were visualized by figtree v1 . 4 . 0 [ 37 ] program with adjustable settings .
) . sequences were trimmed to a final length of 598 bp . pairwise nucleotide sequence divergences were estimated between all of the haplotypes of
k2p genetic distances between all of the haplotypes of periplaneta ( five species ) and shelfordella lateralis coi barcodes sequences .
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
jx402724 . 1
,
term _ id
:
406367318
,
term _ text
:
jx402724 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
kf640070 . 1
,
term _ id
:
563407446
,
term _ text
:
kf640070 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577024 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748530849
,
term _ text
:
km577024 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577049 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748530899
,
term _ text
:
km577049 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577080 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748530961
,
term _ text
:
km577080 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577135 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748531070
,
term _ text
:
km577135 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577145 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748531090
,
term _ text
:
km577145 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577147 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748531094
,
term _ text
:
km577147 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577150 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748531100
,
term _ text
:
km577150 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577152 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748531104
,
term _ text
:
km577152 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577154 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748531108
,
term _ text
:
km577154 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577156 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748531112
,
term _ text
:
km577156 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
km577157 . 1
,
term _ id
:
748531114
,
term _ text
:
km577157 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
am114928 . 1
,
term _ id
:
164510108
,
term _ text
:
am114928 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
am114930 . 1
,
term _ id
:
164510112
,
term _ text
:
am114930 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
ab126004 . 1
,
term _ id
:
50511272
,
term _ text
:
ab126004 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
am114929 . 1
,
term _ id
:
164510110
,
term _ text
:
am114929 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
jq350708 . 1
,
term _ id
:
385842818
,
term _ text
:
jq350708 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
nc _ 030003 . 1
,
term _ id
:
1025804885
,
term _ text
:
nc _ 030003 . 1
} }
pairwise nucleotide sequence divergence ( s ) are shown below and standard error estimate ( s ) are shown above the diagonal .
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
nc _ 006076 . 1
,
term _ id
:
50812103
,
term _ text
:
nc _ 006076 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
nc _ 029224 . 1
,
term _ id
:
992330590
,
term _ text
:
nc _ 029224 . 1
} }
mitogenomes had a high a + t bias of 74 . 9 % and showed a skew of a’s (
the relative synonymous codon usage ( rscu ) value of p . australasiae and n . rhombifolia mitogenomes was summarized in s2 table . all initiation and termination codons were included : the uua ( l ) codon was used most frequently , followed by cga ( r ) and aca ( t ) in p . australasiae , and cga ( r ) and gua ( v ) in n . rhombifolia . the codon usage preference of a + t - rich over synonymous codon families , which played a major role in the a + t bias of the entire mitogenome . all codons ending with a or t outnumber those ending with c or g , except for the ser family in n . rhombifolia , where the agg was used more than the aga codon ( rscu = 1 . 09 and 1 . 19 , respectively ) .
. as ancestral insect mitogenomes , four pcgs ( nd5 , nd4 , nd4l , and nd1 ) were coded on the minority strand ( n - strand ) and the remaining nine of the 13 pcgs were coded on the majority strand ( j - strand ) . for
, nine of 13 pcgs had atg as the start codon , while cox1 utilized ttg , atp8 , nd6 and nd3 translated from att . for
, atg also was the most common start codon and occurred in the other eight pcgs except for cox1 ( ttg ) , atp8 , nd6 and nd3 ( att ) , and nd5 ( ata ) . cox1 uses ttg as the start codon which is an accepted conventional start codon for blattarian mitogenomes [
, cox2 , nd3 , and cytb stopped with t - , and atp6 and atp8 ending with ta - . for
, cox2 and cytb stopped with incomplete t - , and nd6 used ta - nucleotides as incomplete stop codon .
the secondary structures of each trna are shown in s1 and s2 figs . the typical set of 22 trna genes ranged from 64 to 71 bp in p . australasiae and from 64 to 72 bp in n . rhombifolia , which were conserved among insects [ 40 ] . among these 22 trna genes of p . australasiae mitogenome , all can be detected by trnascan - se with the exception of trna - ser ( agn ) due to the absence of dhu arm . in n . rhombifolia , besides trna - ser ( agn ) , trna - arg also can’t be spotted by trnascan - se , in which the t - arm contained six paired nucleotides . these transfer rnas were determined through comparison with previously published blattarian mitogenomes [ 10 , 13 , 41 ] . the secondary structures of most trna genes of the two mitogenomes were conversed except for trna - lys , which only had four paired nucleotides in the anticodon arm . findings showed twenty - nine mismatches of base pairs in p . australasiae trna genes , with twenty - four noncanonical matches of g - u base pairs . the other three u - u , one a - c , and one u - c base - pairings showed as mismatches in the stems of five different trnas ( trna - met , trna - leu ( cun ) , trna - ser ( agn ) , trna - val , trna - trp ) . in n . rhombifolia , there were five more unmatched base pairs in the trna genes than in p . australasiae . twenty - eight of the mismatches in n . rhombifolia were g - u pairs ; the remaining six mismatches were as follows : two u - u mismatches in trna - leu ( cun ) , one u - u and one a - a mismatch in trna - ser ( agn ) , one a - c mismatch in trna - met and one u - c mismatch in trna - trp .
only contained a few short non - coding fragments and no long intergenetic spacers were found . the two longest intergenic spacers regions of more than 10 bp for
were between trna - leu ( uur ) and cox2 ( 16bp ) and between trna - ser ( ucn ) and nd1 ( 25bp ) .
mitogenome ( between trna - ser ( ucn ) and nd1 ) . we aligned all blattarian mitogenomes reported and found that , except for the genus
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
nc _ 014274 . 1
,
term _ id
:
299827802
,
term _ text
:
nc _ 014274 . 1
} }
{
type
:
entrez - nucleotide
,
attrs
: {
text
:
nc _ 030001 . 1
,
term _ id
:
1025804807
,
term _ text
:
nc _ 030001 . 1
} }
were 779bp and 903bp , with at contents of 81 . 6 % and 80 . 0 % , respectively . three different types of short tandem repeats in
stretch between the poly t stretch , a highly conserved secondary structure , and conservative structure flanking the stem - loop structures . three conserved sequence blocks were also identified in the
) . it is worth noting that these conserved blocks are spread through the whole a + t - rich region .
conserved sequence block 1 ( csb1 ) was located closely downstream of the trna - ile gene . this block was highly conserved within the blattinae with only one nucleotide variation , or 95 % similarity (
) , and it has not been found in other insect mitogenomes . another conserved sequence block ( csb2 ) was identified by aligning with the [ ta ( a ) ]
the phylogenetic relationships were analyzed based on four datasets using both ml and bi methods . the results of analysis of the all - 12 dataset are presented in figs
figs . the topology and nodal support are sensitive to different datasets and inference methods . the major effect of the optimality criteria was seen at the interordinal level . in ml analyses ( except all - 12 ) (
figs ) , orthoptera was paraphyletic , with ensifera being sister to phasmatodea . besides , for the pcg - 12 dataset , mantophasmatodea had a sister relationship with dictyoptera in ml analysis , whereas mantophasmatodea clusters with phasmatodea when bayesian inference were used in analysis (
figs ) . with regard to the nodal support , the posterior probabilities in bi analyses were generally higher than bootstrap values in ml analyses in some branch nodes . different mitogenome data did not appear to affect support values much , but they did slightly affect topology at the interfamily level . when 13 protein - coding genes were analyzed as a single partition ( pcg - 123 ) , blattellidae + bleberidae was clustered with blattidae , but which was basal clade of blattodea in all - 123 analyses (
. saturation plots indicated substantial substitution saturation in the third codon positions of all pcgs . so , exclusion of the third codon position from protein - coding genes had a considerable improvement in phylogenetic reconstruction . as shown in all figs , the analyses based on the pcg - 123 and all - 123 performed poorly compared to the pcg - 12 and all - 12 , resulting in unique topologies from bi and ml methods . for all - 123 dataset , the monophyly of orthoptera is never recovered in ml or bi analyses when compared to all - 12 ( figs
] . it suggested the conservation of mitochondrial genome evolution within the blattaria . in contrast , some other dictyopteran insect lineages ( termites and mantids ) showed a number of variations in gene order or nucleotide composition [
] . however , this analysis is preliminary due to the lack of mitochondrial genomes in other major cockroach lineages .
the a + t - rich region known as the control region for insect mitogenome is the largest non - coding region in all blattarian mitogenomes . because of the various motifs and copies of tandem repeats , the control region exhibits a higher level of sequence and length modifiability than other regions [
) . these large length differences mainly result from the absence or presence of tandem repeats and diverse motifs in their control regions . the a + t - rich regions which had comparatively longer sequences contained more and longer tandem repeats (
) . repetitive sequences of control regions have been used for phylogeographic or population genetics studies . in isoptera [
] , the presence / absence of different repeats could be a marker to resolve the early branching patterns within the termitidae . mancini et al [
] reported that the variable number of tandem repeat units were useful for reasoning the genetic structures of populations among closely related taxa . in present study , seven blattarian mitogenome control regions contain tandem repeats , and these tandem repeats appear in dispersed phylogeny positions . additionally , the homologous alignment among these repetitive sequences of seven blattarian mitogenome control regions revealed a low similarity . none of these repeat units among these seven blattarian mitogenome control regions were sequence homologous and included any conserved sequence (
) . the high sequence diversity between the tandem repeat regions implies that they may have different origin . besides , if detailed nucleotide divergence of repeat units in more blattarian insect mitogenomes were obtained , these repeat sequences would be probably used for phylogenetic inference and species identification .
] because no polythymidine stretch was present . since our findings showed that the csb1 occurred in all blattinae mitogenomes reported and was highly conserved within the blattinae ( 95 % similarity ) (
) , csb1 might be a molecular marker to distinguish the blattinae from other subfamilies . considering the limited samples , we cannot immediately confirm this block is of functional importance or of identified value for all blattinine species . separate from csb1 , both csb2 and csb3 were common among other dictyopteran insects ( isoptera [
] . csb3 also was successfully used as a marker in phylogeny studies . in cameron’s research [
] , they detected stem - loop structures could be molecular synapomorphies within termites . nevertheless , the presence or absence of stem - loop structures identified in our study is not consistent across clades in our phylogenetic trees . two aspects should be considered to explain this difference . one involves high nucleotide substitution rate and length mutation rate , which cause highly polymorphic structures in control regions [
] , and additional genera need to be tested to determine the evolution of this feature .
] . in the present study , the phylogenetic relationships among cockroach families are sensitive to variations in phylogenetic inference methods and different datasets . however , when all genes excluding the third codon positions of pcgs analyzed simultaneously ( all - 12 ) , there was no apparent effect on topology between the optimality criteria analyses . the all - 12 dataset always recovers the monophyly of orthoptera , and supports a phylogeny of ( ( ( blattellidae + bleberidae ) + ( polyphagidae + ( blattidae + ( cryptocercidae + isoptera ) ) ) ) with high nodal supports ( figs
) . in fact , when the smaller subsets of data ( pcg ) are analyzed under different optimality criteria , the effect is more evident in that different topologies and support values were recovered . it indicates rrna and trna genes provide considerable phylogenetic signal , which stabilized the topology structure of phylogenetic tree . besides , our results showed that the third codon positions of all pcgs were substantial substitution saturation . compared topologies generated by other datasets , all genes excluding the third codon positions of pcgs could provide better phylogenetic topologies and these topologies were approximately identical to recent studies of blattaria based on molecular and morphological characters [
] . therefore , it’s significant to assess the effect on topology of inclusion vs . exclusion of third codons by repetitive analyses in each study .
spp . was a sister group of mantodea with low support value ( < 50 ) when nocticolidae ( blattaria ) was added into the dictyopteran phylogenetic analyses ( based on mitochondrial cox2 , nuclear 18s , and histone 3 genes ) . in addition , our phylogenetic analysis showed a strong support for a sister group relationship between termites and
the clade ( blaberidae + blattellidae ) has been called as blaberoidea , which was supported by many studies [ 13 , 15 , 59 – 61 ] . previous studies on the position of blaberoidea had a variety of conclusions . most studies sustained blaberoidea as sister to remaining blattodea , such as djernæs et al ( based on 5 gene loci ) [ 7 ] , legendre et al ( based on four mitochondrial and two nuclear markers ) [ 15 ] , and djernæs et al ( used both molecular ( 12s , 16s , coii , 18s , 28s , h3 ) and morphological characters ) [ 8 ] , but several consistently yielded this clade as sister to blattidae using mitochondrial cox2 [ 64 ] , mitochondrial rrna genes ( 12s + 16s ) [ 60 ] , and 13 mitochondrial pcg genes [ 13 ] . little suggested that blaberoidea was sister clade to polyphagidae based on mitocondrial and nuclear genes [ 14 , 65 ] . it is difficult to assess which phylogenetic scheme is more realistic , but our analysis is more in consistent with the most studies that blaberoidea as basal clade of blattodea [ 63 , 66 ] . considering these differing research results , the position of blaberoidea within blattaria still remains inconclusive and more complete mitogenomes recruited would have a higher probability to resolve the intractable phylogenetic relationship [ 67 – 68 ] .
the family blattidae in this study included one subfamily blattinae , three genera . an interesting point to consider was that
in all trees with high support values . this clustering result in present study was in accordance with several previous studies [
( 0 . 063 ~ 0 . 140 ) . no barcoding gap was detected in either analysis . in addition , female and male genitalia are excellent genetic and specific characters used in categories [
have symmetrical paraprocts and hypandrium without any armament , and they possess a pair of elongate and fusiform stylis as well as two similarly shaped phallomeres . historically , this species was originally described as
bars indicate watson - crick base pairings , and plus sign between g and u pairs marks canonical base pairings appearing in trnas .
bayesian phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide data of all genes ( bi - all - 123 ) .
maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide data of all genes ( ml - all - 123 ) .
bayesian phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide data of protein - coding genes ( bi - pcg - 123 ) .
maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide data of proten - coding genes ( ml - pcg - 123 ) .
bayesian phylogenetic tree based on nucleotide data of protein - coding genes excluding third codon sites ( bi - pcg - 12 ) .
maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide data of protein - coding genes excluding third codon sites ( ml - pcg - 12 ) .
a total of 3721 codons for p . australasiae and 3722 codons for n . rhombifolia were analyzed , including the stop codons . rscu , relative synonymous codon usage . l , l * , s and s * indicate trnaleu ( cun ) , trnaleu ( uur ) , trnaser ( agn ) , and trnaser ( ucn ) , respectively .
we sincerely appreciate shilin he and wujiao li at sichuan university for the sample collection . we also thank professor timothy moermond ( university of wisconsin - madison ) and alexa c privratsky ( university of north dakota ) for editing the manuscript and thank the anonymous reviewers for insightful comments . the research was funded by the science and technology project of sichuan province , 2015sz0036 .
the research was funded by the science and technology project of sichuan province , 2015sz0036 ( department of science and technology of sichuan province urltoken ) . prof . xiuyue zhang received the funding . the funders had no role in study design , data collection and analysis , decision to publish , or preparation of the manuscript .
beccaloni gw [ internet ] . cockroach species file online ( version 5 . 0 / 5 . 0 ) . world wide web electronic publication . 2014 - [ cited 2017 mar 6 ] . available : urltoken
cameron sl , lo n , bourguignon t , svenson gj , evans ta .
xiao b , chen ah , zhang yy , jiang gf , hu cc , zhu cd .
cheng xf , zhang lp , yu dn , storey kb , zhang jy .
lo n , tokuda g , watanabe h , rose h , slaytor m , maekawa k , et al .
legendre f , nel a , svenson gj , robillard t , pellens r , grandcolas p .
nelson la , lambkin cl , batterham p , wallman jf , dowton m , whiting mf , et al .
simon c , frati f , beckenbach a , crespi b , liu h , rook p .
du c , he s , song x , liao q , zhang x , yue b .
tamura k , peterson d , peterson n , stecher g , nei m , kumar s .
yin h , zhi y , jiang h , wang p , yin x , zhang d .
rambaut a . figtree , a graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees . 2007 . available : urltoken
zhang yy , xuan wj , zhao jl , zhu cd , jiang gf .
tian x , ma g , cui y , dong p , zhu y , gao x .
mancini e , de biase a , mariottini p , bellini a , audisio p .
timmermans mj , barton c , haran j , ahrens d , culverwell cl , ollikainen a , et al .
lo n , beninati t , stone f , walker j , sacchi l .
pellens r , d ' haese ca , bellés x , piulachs md , legendre f , wheeler wc , et al .
lo n , bandi c , watanabe h , nalepa c , beninati t .
yue h , yan c , tu f , yang cz , ma wq , fan zx , et al .
kuzmenko a , atkinson gc , levitskii s , zenkin n , tenson t , hauryliuk v , et al .
the following links may have information that is useful . ( links will open in a new window )
the root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the tree of life . the basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree . this ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups , which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right .
you can click on the root to travel down the tree of life all the way to the root of all life , and you can click on the names of descendent subgroups to travel up the tree of life all the way to individual species .
for more information on tol tree formatting , please see interpreting the tree or classification . to learn more about phylogenetic trees , please visit our phylogenetic biology pages .
the monophyly of several cockroach families and subfamilies is doubtful , and the relationships among cockroach lineages are still very much debated . one of the most controversial issues is the position of the genus cryptocercus , which has generally been considered an isolated lineage most closely related to blattid cockroaches ( e . g . , mckittrick 1964 , kambhampati 1996 , klass 1997 , 2001 ) . grandcolas ( 1994 ) , however , argues that cryptocercus is derived from within the polyphagidae .
under bark , or logs , some are arboreal , some live in caves ; others in bathtubs and behind bookcases . some are omnivores ; others eat wood .
upper carboniferous to recent . one of the dominant groups of the late palaeozoic .
atkinson , t . h . , p . g . koehler , and r . s . patterson . 1991 . catalogue and atlas of the cockroaches of north america north of mexico . miscellaneous publications of the entomological society of america no . 78 .
fisk , f . w . 1987 . order blattodea . pages 120 - 131 in immature insects . volume 1 . f . w . stehr , ed . kendall / hunt , dubuque , iowa .
fisk , f . w . and h . wolda . 1979 . keys to the cockroaches of central panama . part 1 : flying species . studies on neotropical fauna and environment 14 : 177 - 201 .
gäde , g . 1989 . the hypertrehalosemic peptides of cockroaches : a phylogenetic study . general and comparative endocrinology 75 ( 2 ) : 287 - 300 .
gäde , g . , p . grandcolas , and r . kellner . 1997 . structural data on hypertrehalosaemic neuropeptides from cryptocercus punctulatus and therea petiveriana : how do they fit into the phylogeny of cockroaches ? proceedings of the royal society of london series b 264 ( 1382 ) : 763 - 768 .
gordon , d . g . 1996 . the compleat cockroach . ten speed press , berkeley , california . 178 pp .
grandcolas , p . 1994 . phylogenetic systematics of the subfamily polyphaginae , with the assignment of cryptocercus scudder , 1862 to this taxon ( blatteria , blaberoidea , polyphagidae ) . systematic entomology 19 : 145–158 .
grandcolas , p . 1996 . the phylogeny of cockroach families : a cladistic appraisal of morpho - anatomical data . canadian journal of zoology 74 ( 3 ) : 508 - 527 .
grandcolas , p . and c . d’haese . 2001 . the phylogeny of cockroach families : is the current molecular hypothesis robust ? cladistics 17 : 48–55 .
hathorne , k . t . and p . a . zungoli . 1999 . identification of late - instar nymphs of cockroaches ( blattodea ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 101 ( 2 ) : 316 - 324 .
jarzembowski , e . a . 1994 . fossil cockroaches or pinnule insects ? proceedings of the geologists ' association 105 : 305 - 311 .
kambhampati , s . 1995 . a phylogeny of cockroaches and related insects based on dna sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal rna genes . proceedings of the national academy of sciences ( usa ) 92 : 2017–2020 .
kambhampati , s . 1996 . phylogenetic relationships among cockroach families inferred from mitochondrial 12s rrna gene sequence . systematic entomology 21 : 89–98 .
kevan , d . k . mce . ( ed . ) 1977 . the higher classification of the orthopteroid insects . lyman entomol . mus . res . lab . memoir no . 4 ( special publ . no . 12 ) : 1 - 26 .
klass , k . - d . 1997 . the external genitalia and the phylogeny of blattaria and mantodea . bonner zoologische monographien 42 : 1 - 341 .
klass , k . - d . 2001 . morphological evidence on blattarian phylogeny :
phylogenetic histories and stories
( insecta , dictyoptera ) . deutsche entomologische zeitschrift 48 ( 2 ) : 223 - 265 .
lo , n . , o . kitade , t . miura , r . constantino , and t . matsumoto . 2004 . molecular phylogeny of the rhinotermitidae . insectes sociaux 51 ( 4 ) : 365 - 371 .
maekawa , k . , and t . matsumoto . 2000 . molecular phylogeny of cockroaches ( blattaria ) based on mitochondrial coii gene sequences . systematic entomology 25 : 511 - 519 .
mckittrick , f . a . 1964 . evolutionary study of cockroaches . cornell university agricultural experiment station memoirs 389 : 1 - 197 .
mckittrick , f . a . 1965 . a contribution to the understanding of cockroach - termite affinities . annals of the entomological society of america 58 : 18 - 22 .
mukha , d . , b . m . wiegmann and c . schal . 2002 . evolution and phylogenetic information content of the ribosomal dna repeat unit in the blattodea ( insecta ) . insect biochemistry and molecular biology 32 ( 9 ) : 951 - 960 .
nalepa , c . a . and w . j . bell . 1997 . postovulation parental investment and parental care in cockroaches . pages 26 - 51 in the evolution of social behavior in insects and arachnids . j . c . choe and b . j . crespi , eds . cambridge university press , cambridge , new york & oakleigh .
pratt , h . d . 1988 . annotated checklist of the cockroaches ( dictyoptera ) of north america . annals of the entomological society of america 81 ( 6 ) : 882 - 885 .
roth , l . m . 1988 . some cavernicolous and epigean cockroaches with six new species , and a discussion of the nocticolidae ( dictyoptera : blattaria ) . revue suisse de zoologie 95 : 297 - 321 .
roth , l . m . 1990 . cockroaches from the krakatau islands ( dictyoptera : blattaria ) . memoirs of the museum of victoria 50 : 357 - 358 .
roth , l . m . 1991 . blattodea , blattaria ( cockroaches ) . pages 320 - 329 in insects of australia : a textbook for students and research workers . volume i . second edition . i . d . naumann , p . b . carne , j . f . lawrence , e . s . nielsen , j . p . spradberry , r . w . taylor , m . j . whitten and m . j . littlejohn eds . carlton , victoria , melbourne university press .
roth , l . m . 2003 . systematics and phylogeny of cockroaches ( dictyoptera : blattaria ) . oriental insects 37 : 1 - 186 .
schal , c . , j . - y . gautier , and w . j . bell . 1984 . behavioural ecology of cockroaches . biological reviews 59 : 209 - 254 .
thorne , b . l . 1990 . a case for ancestral transfer of symbionts between cockroaches and termites . proceedings of the royal society of london series b 241 ( 1300 ) : 37 - 41 .
thorne , b . l . 1991 . ancestral transfer of symbionts between cockroaches and termites : an alternative hypothesis . proceedings of the royal society of london series b 246 ( 1317 ) : 191 - 196 .


the floral banded wobbegong ( orectolobus floridus ) is a recently described species of carpet shark found in the indian ocean off southwestern australia .

with a maximum length of up to 75 cm ( 30 in ) , it is among the smallest wobbegongs .

floral banded wobbegong

floral banded wobbegong ( top ) and dwarf spotted wobbegong . image courtesy of dof .
he floral banded wobbegong is also likely to be a minor component of recreational catches .
search floral banded wobbegong and thousands of other words in english definition and synonym dictionary from reverso . you can complete the definition of floral banded wobbegong given by the english definition dictionary with other english dictionaries : wikipedia , lexilogos , oxford , cambridge , chambers harrap , wordreference , collins lexibase dictionaries , merriam webster . . .
at first the floral banded wobbegong appeared similar to the well - known cobbler wobbegong ( sutorectus tentaculatus ) but after a closer look the scientists found some obvious differences that indicated it was a separate species .
in australia , wobbegong ( family orectolobidae ) flesh is sold locally for human consumption through ‘fish and chip’ and fresh fish retail outlets . most commercially landed wobbegong catch however , is comprised of larger species . due to their low commercial value , smaller individuals are usually released alive . given its small size , use and trade of the floral banded wobbegong in western australian commercial fisheries is therefore expected to be minimal .
the floral banded wobbegong is only known from a limited number of specimens ( last and chidlow 2008 ) , and is much less frequently observed in gillnet and trawl bycatch than other orectolobids , especially the more common western wobbegong ( o . hutchinsi ) ( r . mcauley , unpubl . data ) . nothing is known of its population size or structure .
the dwarf spotted wobbegong proved trickier to assess . it looked similar to the known species spotted wobbegong ( orectolobus maculatus ) – only much smaller .
citation :
floral banded wobbegong sharks , orectolobus floridus ~ marinebio . org .
marinebio conservation society . web . accessed monday , july 9 , 2018 . < urltoken > . last update : 1 / 14 / 2013 2 : 22 : 00 pm ~ contributor ( s ) : marinebio
the two newly discovered species of wobbegong sharks have made their public debut in the scientific journal , zootaxa . the wobbegongs , collected by wa department of fisheries scientists during a catch monitoring exercise off the south west coast , are known as the floral banded ( orectolobus floridus ) and the dwarf spotted ( orectolobus parvimaculatus ) .
the floral banded wobbegong is an australian endemic , known only from a limited number of individuals , all taken from the inner continental shelf off southwest australia between geraldton ( 29°54 ' s , 114°30 ' e ) and augusta ( 34°33 ' s , 115°28 ' e ) ( last and chidlow 2008 , last and stevens 2009 ) .
name from latin ‘floridus’ ( = abounding in flowers or flowering profusely ) , referring to the rich , floral pattern of bands and blotches on the dorsal surface .
will the oceans’ secrets ever be fully revealed ? new species continue to surface , including two wobbegong sharks found off the south west coast of western australia .
“the 70 cm long specimen was initially thought to be a juvenile spotted wobbegong , but on further examination it proved to be a mature male , ” said dr last .
concluding that the small specimen was a previously unknown dwarf form of the spotted wobbegong , the scientists were able to identify it as a new species in its own right .
“to put things into perspective , in order to reproduce it would have needed to mate with a female spotted wobbegong two metres long – and would probably have been devoured in the process . ”
last , p . r . and j . a . chidlow , 2008 . two new wobbegong sharks , orectolobus floridus sp . nov . and o . parvimaculatus sp . nov . ( orectolobiformes : orectolobidae ) , from southwestern australia . zootaxa 1673 : 49 - 67 . ( ref . 74934 )
retention of wobbegong bycatch by rock lobster vessels and trawlers is prohibited under western australian law . the likely small quantity of incidental bycatch of this species is therefore believed to be discarded alive . although not directly tested , observational evidence suggests that wobbegongs are a hardy group . trap caught individuals can be released in good condition and post - release survival is presumed likely .
this wobbegong is found on the inner continental shelf at depths of 42 - 85 m ( last and chidlow 2008 ) . all known specimens are either mature or almost mature . known males are 72 . 8 cm total length ( tl ) and 75 cm tl , and females are 67 . 4 to 71 . 4 cm tl ( last and chidlow 2008 , last and stevens 2009 ) . the ecology of this species is poorly known , but as all known specimens were taken by demersal gillnets and none have been recorded in trawls , it is presumably associated with hard bottom habitats ( last and chidlow 2008 ) . little is known about the biology of this species , but it is thought to be lecithotrophic viviparous based on the known reproductive mode of other orectolobid species ( huveneers et al . 2007 , 2011 ) .
greek , orektos = stretch out + greek , lobos = lobe ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; pelagic - neritic ; depth range 42 - 85 m ( ref . 74934 ) . tropical
maturity : l m ? range ? - ? cm max length : 75 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 74934 ) ; 71 . 4 cm tl ( female )
this species is characterized by the following : dorsal coloration when fresh strongly ornamented , mottled yellowish brown ; side of the head with black spots ; nasal barbel with 2 simple lobes ; postspiracular lobes are poorly developed , distance across preorbital group 1 . 2 - 1 . 4 times interspace between preorbital group and postspiracular lobe ( po / po - ps1 ) , 12 - 14 times base length of anterior postspiracular lobe ( po / ps1 ) ; base of anterior postspiracular lobe 9 - 12 in its distance from postorbital group ( po - ps1 / ps1 ) , 5 - 6 in its distance from posterior postspiracular lobe ( ps1 - ps2 / ps1 ) ; above eye is a weak tubercle ; back without wart - like tubercles ; dorsal fins low , raked , not upright ; first dorsal - fin origin over mid pelvic - fin base ; interdorsal space 0 . 3 - 0 . 4 times the anal - fin base length ; anal - fin inner margin 1 . 1 - 1 . 2 times the anal - fin posterior margin ; 18 - 20 teeth in upper jaw , medial row at symphysis of upper jaw absent ; 47 - 52 monospondylous centra ; 145 - 150 total vertebral centra ( ref . 74934 ) .
collected from the inner continental shelf off southwestern australia ( ref . 74934 ) .
) : 16 - 22 . 5 , mean 17 . 9 ( based on 15 cells ) .
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5012 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00389 ( 0 . 00180 - 0 . 00842 ) , b = 3 . 12 ( 2 . 94 - 3 . 30 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 8 ±0 . 6 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : low , minimum population doubling time 4 . 5 - 14 years ( ) .
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate vulnerability ( 42 of 100 ) .
: missing argument 2 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
: missing argument 3 for checkecotox ( ) , called in / var / www / html / summary / speciessummary . php on line 1995 and defined in
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
historically , the attractive skin has been used as decorative leather ( last and stevens 2009 ) . however , it is unknown if this practice is still occurring .
2007 ) . however , as all sharks and rays are now commercially protected throughout western australia , wobbegongs cannot generally be retained by state - managed commercial fishing vessels unless they are operating in the managed shark fishery .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
if you have images for this taxon that you would like to share with atlas of living australia , please upload using the upload tools .
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : cc36582b - 212b - 4713 - a9b7 - 0154548c8bb6
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . taxon : d236cf0c - bdca - 46b9 - 83bf - 305d7c2a7ac8
urn : lsid : biodiversity . org . au : afd . name : 477703
explore species occurrence records in the context of their environment . find records and model species distributions . export reports , maps and data .
find out how you can contribute to a citizen science project in your area , or explore one of the many citizen science projects supported by the ala .
did you see something ? photograph something ? contribute your sighting to the atlas of living australia .
the atlas of living australia acknowledges australia ' s traditional owners and pays respect to the past and present elders of the nation ' s aboriginal and torres strait islander communities . we honour and celebrate the spiritual , cultural and customary connections of traditional owners to country and the biodiversity that forms part of that country .
shark researcher justin chidlow sent the specimens to hobart for examination by dr peter last , curator of csiro’s national fish collection for examination . both sharks were found to be species not previously identified by taxonomists .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
this home page section for this species is currently being developed and will be completed asap ! if you would like to help out or know of a great video , photo or site about this species , let us know and we ' ll notify you as soon as it is finished . our current project plan is to have all marine species home pages finished before christmas this year . if you ' d like to find out more about our ongoing projects here at marinebio , check out our marinebio projects page .
research orectolobus floridus » barcode of life ~ bioone ~ biodiversity heritage library ~ cites ~ cornell macaulay library [ audio / video ] ~ encyclopedia of life ( eol ) ~ esa online journals ~ fishbase ~ florida museum of natural history ichthyology department ~ gbif ~ google scholar ~ itis ~ iucn redlist ( threatened status ) ~ marine species identification portal ~ ncbi ( pubmed , genbank , etc . ) ~ ocean biogeographic information system ~ plos ~ siris ~ tree of life web project ~ unep - wcmc species database ~ worms
start or join a discussion about this species below or send us an email to report any errors or submit suggestions for this page . we greatly appreciate all feedback !
help us protect and restore marine life by supporting our various online community - centered marine conservation projects that are effectively sharing the wonders of the ocean with millions each year around the world , raising a balanced awareness of the increasingly troubling and often very complex marine conservation issues that affect marine life and ourselves directly , providing support to marine conservation groups on the frontlines that are making real differences today , and the scientists , teachers and students involved in the marine life sciences .
with your support , most marine life and their ocean habitats can be protected , if not restored to their former natural levels of biodiversity . we sincerely thank our thousands of members , donors and sponsors , who have decided to get involved and support the marinebio conservation society .
deep music digitally imported urltoken proton radio * radio paradise radiotunes somafm wers 88 . 9 fm
~ sharing the wonders of the ocean to inspire conservation , education , research , and a sea ethic ~ marinebio . org , inc . is a u . s . 501 ( c ) 3 charitable , nonprofit organization . contact : info @ urltoken all marinebio conservation society memberships and donations are tax deductible in the united states . > < ( ( ( ( ° > © 1998 - 2017 marinebio copyright & terms of use . privacy policy . > - < °° > - <
for all at last returns to the sea — to oceanus , the ocean river , like the everflowing stream of time , the beginning and the end .
- rachel carson
double - check spelling , grammar , punctuation . translators work best when there are no errors or typos .
if words are different , search our dictionary to understand why and pick the right word .
if phrases are different , try searching our examples to help pick the right phrase .
we ' ve combined the most accurate english to spanish translations , dictionary , verb conjugations , and spanish to english translators into one very powerful search box .
spanishdict is devoted to improving our site based on user feedback and introducing new and innovative features that will continue to help people learn and love the spanish language . have a suggestion , idea , or comment ? send us your feedback .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 0 transitional / / en


aristotelia fungivorella is a moth of the gelechiidae family .

it was described by clemens in 1865 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from ontario to british columbia , south to california , mississippi and alabama .

the wingspan is about 11 mm .

the forewings are light to medium brown with dark patches in the basal , antemedial and postmedial areas along the costa , and a fourth dark patch at the apex .

there is an s-shaped edge at the bottom of the antemedial patch , that continues across to the bottom of the postmedial patch .

the hindwings are grey .

the larvae within galls of salix cordata and salix exigua .

aristotelia fungivorella

an aristotelia fungivorella in howard co . , maryland ( 7 / 24 / 2015 ) . determined by roger downer / bamona . photo by nancy magnusson . ( mbp list )
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
specific epithet from latin meaning
fungivore ,
although the larvae mine galls on willow .
adult : forewing light to medium brown with dark patches in basal , am , and pm areas along the costa , and a fourth dark patch at the apex ; the bottom of the am patch has an s - shaped edge that continues across to the bottom of the pm patch ; fringe cells increase greatly in length from apex to anal angle , and change abruptly from dark brown to whitish just before reaching anal angle ; hindwing gray , almost rectangular , with long hair - like fringe cells .
type locality : illinois , from larvae mining willow galls ( mr . benj . d .
a revision of the american moths of the family gelechiidae , with descriptions of new species august busck . 1903 . proceedings of the united states national museum 25 : 767 - 938 .
north american micro - lepidoptera . brackenridge clemens . 1864 . proceedings of the entomological society of philadelphia , 3 ( 3 ) : 505 - 520 .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
moved from id request . congratulations , kyle . you ' ve added september for the guide z
select your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .
use of images featured on maryland biodiversity project is only permitted with express permission of the photographer .


acrobasis angusella , the hickory leafstem borer or leafstem borer , is a species of snout moth in the genus acrobasis .

it was described by augustus radcliffe grote in 1880 , and is known from quebec , canada , and northeastern united states .

the wingspan is about 18 mm .

adults are on wing from may to september .

the larvae feed on carya species , including carya glabra , carya ovalis and carya tomentosa .

they bore in the leaf stems of their host plant , causing the leaves to fall off .

acrobasis angusella

species acrobasis angusella - hickory leafstem borer - hodges # 5673 - bugguide . net
acrobasis angusella ; [ nacl ] , # 5673 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 46 , pl . 4 , f . 35 - 37
acrobasis amplexella ragonot , 1887 ; n . amer . phycitinae galleriidae : 3 ; tl : north carolina
acrobasis vaccinii riley , 1884 ; can . ent . 16 ( 12 ) : 237 ; tl : massachusetts
acrobasis rufizonella ragonot , 1887 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 1887 : 227 ; tl : wladiwostok
acrobasis atrisquamella ragonot , 1887 ; ann . soc . ent . fr . 1887 : 228 ; tl : asia minor
acrobasis carpinivorella neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1662 ; tl : madison , connecticut
acrobasis elyi neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1661 ; tl : maxton , north carolina
acrobasis nuxvorella neunzig , 1970 ; ann . ent . soc . amer . 63 : 1659 ; tl : rowland , north carolina
acrobasis caryalbella ely , 1913 ; ins . insc . mens . 1 ( 5 ) : 52 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis comptoniella hulst , 1890 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 17 : 125 ; tl : long island , new york
acrobasis irrubriella ; [ nacl ] , # 5676 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 58 , pl . 6 , f . 9
acrobasis ostryella ely , 1913 ; ins . insc . mens . 1 ( 5 ) : 54 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis kearfottella dyar , 1905 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 7 ( 1 ) : 34 ; tl : cleveland , ohio
acrobasis betulivorella neunzig , 1975 ; proc . ent . soc . washington 77 ( 2 ) : 238 ; tl : elizabethtown , north carolina
acrobasis amplexella ; [ nacl ] , # 5654 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 23 , pl . 2 , f . 11 - 17
acrobasis elyi ; [ nacl ] , # 5666 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 34 , pl . 3 , f . 35 - 36
acrobasis stigmella ; [ nacl ] , # 5669 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 42 , pl . 4 , f . 12 - 16
acrobasis aurorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5670 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 43 , pl . 4 , f . 17 - 20
acrobasis exsulella ; [ nacl ] , # 5672 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 44 , pl . 4 , f . 21 - 29
acrobasis latifasciella ; [ nacl ] , # 5675 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 47 , pl . 4 , f . 38 - 39
acrobasis evanescentella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 44 ; tl : orlando , florida
acrobasis aurorella ely , 1910 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 12 ( 2 ) : 67 ; tl : waschington , d . c
acrobasis cunulae dyar & heinrich , 1929 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 31 ( 2 ) : 37 ; tl : mobile , alabama
acrobasis stigmella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 43 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis latifasciella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 45 ; tl : new brighton , pennsylvania
acrobasis palliolella ; [ nacl ] , # 5659 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : f . 13b , pl . 4 , f . 40 - 44
acrobasis cunulae ; [ nacl ] , # 5685 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 54 , 13e , pl . 5 , f . 29 - 30
acrobasis irrubriella ely , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 3 - 4 ) : 161 ; tl : east river , connecticut
acrobasis carpinivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5665 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 61 , f . 14a , pl . 6 , f . 2023
acrobasis sylviella ely , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 3 - 4 ) : 161 ; tl : east river , connecticut
taxonomy of acrobasis larvae and pupae in eastern north america ( lepidoptera : pyralidae ) . h . h . neunzig . 1972 . usda technical bulletin 1457 .
acrobasis coryliella dyar , 1908 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 10 ( 1 - 2 ) : 47 ; tl : ( new york ? )
acrobasis vaccinii ; [ nacl ] , # 5653 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 21 , f . 5a , pl . 2 , f . 1 - 10
acrobasis minimella ; [ nacl ] , # 5657 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 4a , 7c - d , pl . 3 , f . 17 - 22
acrobasis caryalbella ; [ nacl ] , # 5660 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 50 , f . 13a , pl . 5 , f . 11 - 13
acrobasis cirroferella ; [ nacl ] , # 5684 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 56 , f . 14e , pl . 5 , f . 38 - 39
acrobasis betulivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5689 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 60 , f . 13h , pl . 6 , f . 18 - 19
acrobasis ostryella ; [ nacl ] , # 5680 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 63 , f . 14g , pl . 6 , f . 31 - 35
acrobasis coryliella ; [ nacl ] , # 5682 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 65 , f . 14i , pl . 6 , f . 41 - 43
acrobasis comptella ; [ nacl ] , # 5656 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 29 , f . 5d , 8b , pl . 3 , f . 7 - 16
acrobasis comptoniella ; [ nacl ] , # 5691 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 56 , f . 6c , 14c , pl . 5 , f . 31 - 37
acrobasis betulella ; [ nacl ] , # 5688 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 59 , f . 3e , 14f , pl . 6 , f . 10 - 17
acrobasis blanchardorum neunzig , 1973 ; proc . ent . soc . washington 75 ( 2 ) : 165 ; tl : sierra diablo wildlife mgt . area , culberson co . , texas
acrobasis blanchardorum ; [ nacl ] , # 5694 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 8a , pl . 3 , f . 23 - 28 , pl . e , f . 2
acrobasis evanescentella ; [ nacl ] , # 5668 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 36 , pl . 3 , f . 40 - 41 , pl . 4 , f . 1
acrobasis juglandis ; [ nacl ] , # 5661 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 50 , f . 3a , 5e , 13d , pl . 5 , f . 1 - 10
acrobasis kearfottella ; [ nacl ] , # 5663 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 51 , 13c , pl . 5 , f . 14 - 19 , pl . e , f . 3
acrobasis sylviella ; [ nacl ] , # 5662 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 61 , f . 14d , pl . 6 , f . 24 - 27 , pl . e , f . 5
acrobasis caulivorella neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 41 , f . 11a - b , 12a , pl . 4 , f . 9 - 11 ; tl : dellwood , florida
acrobasis tricolorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5655 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 28 , 7a - b , pl . 2 , f . 34 - 45 , pl . 3 , f . 1 - 6
acrobasis juglanivorella neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 38 , f . 9a - b , 10b , pl . 4 , f . 7 - 8 ; tl : dane co . , wisconsin
acrobasis caryivorella ; [ nacl ] , # 5686 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 52 , f . 5f , 13f , pl . 5 , f . 20 - 28 , pl . b , f . 3 - 4
acrobasis texana neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 34 , f . 9c - d , 10a , pl . 3 , f . 37 - 39 ; tl : junction , kimble co . , texas
acrobasis demotella ; [ nacl ] , # 5674 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 5c , pl . 4 , f . 30 - 34 , pl . b , f . 1 - 2 , pl . e , f . 4
acrobasis rubrifasciella ; [ nacl ] , # 5690 ; [ mna15 . 2 ] : 57 , f . 3c , 5h , 14b , pl . 5 , f . 40 - 42 , pl . 6 , f . 1 - 8
acrobasis kylesi neunzig , 1986 ; moths america n of mexico 15 . 2 : 62 , f . 11c - d , 12b , 13g , pl . 6 , f . 28 - 30 ; tl : saline , bienville parish , louisiana
tinea obtusella hübner , 1796 ; samml . eur . schmett . [ 6 ] : ( ? )
from ( nova scotia - florida ) - to ( wiscon - texas ) , introduced ? ( washington ) . see [ maps ]
larva on vaccinium corymbosum , v . macrocarpon , v . vitis - idaea , v . stamineum , gaylussacia spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 23
nova scotia , prince edward i . , new brunswick , quebec , ontario , maine , new hampshire , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , pennsylvania , mountains ( virginia , north carolina ) , florida ? . see [ maps ]
larva on kalmia angustifolia , k . latifolia [ mna15 . 2 ] , 24
larva on malus pumila , cydonia oblonga , prunus spp . , cotoneaster , pyracantha , crataegus spp . , eriobotrya japonica [ mna15 . 2 ] , 27
s . canada , n . usa , rocky mountains - new mexico , arizona , california . see [ maps ]
larva on prunus spp . , malus pumila , prunus armeniaca , sorbus americana , rosa sp . , amelanchier sp . , heteromeles arbutifolia , ( buds and fruits ) [ mna15 . 2 ] : 28
california , oregon , washington , nevada , arizona , utah , new mexico , w . texas , w . oklahoma . see [ maps ]
larva on quercus dumosa , q . douglasii , q . garryana , quercus x _ turbinella _ ajoensis , chrysolepis sempervirens [ mna15 . 2 ] , 29
cape cod , massachusetts - florida - e . texas - arkansas , tennessee , missouri . see [ maps ]
larva on quercus spp . , quercus marilandica , q . velutina , q . rubra , q . falcata , q . laevis , q . alba [ mna15 . 2 ] , 31
w . texas , new mexico , arizona , colorado . see [ maps ]
se . ontario , michigan , illinois - south carolina , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . cordiformis , c . tomentosa , c . pallida , c . glabra , c . ovata , carya carolinae - septentrionalis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 34
larva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 34
larva on carya spp . , carya illinoensis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 37
e . new mexico , texas , oklahoma , louisiana , missouri , s . illinois , mississippi , alabama , florida , na . georgia , south carolina , north carolina . see [ maps ]
ontario , connecticut , new york , new jersey , district of columbia , michigan , illinois , missouri , tennessee , arkansas , north carolina , south carolina , na . georgia , florida , e . texas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . glabra , c . pallida , juglans regia ? [ mna15 . 2 ] , 43
massachusetts , connecticut , new york , new jersey , pennsylvania , district of columbia , west virginia , tennessee , north carolina , michigan , missouri . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . illinoensis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 45
ontario , new hampshire , new york , pennsylvania , w . north carolina , michigan , illinois , missouri , arkansas , e . texas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . glabra , carya ovalis , c . tomentosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 46
larva on juglans nigra , carya spp . ? [ mna15 . 2 ] , 57
ontario , new york , connecticut , pennsylvania , tennessee , n . north carolina , michigan , illinois , wisconsin , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . ovata , carya carolinae - septentrionalis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 49
ontario , from ( vermont - florida ) - to ( north dakota - new mexico ) . see [ maps ]
phycita juglandis lebaron , 1872 ; 2 nd ann . rept . noxious insects state of illinois : 123 ; tl : ( illinois ? )
larva on carya illinoensis , juglans nigra , j . cinerea , juglans microcarpa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 50
massachusetts , connecticut , new york , michigan , w . virginia , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . ovata , c . tomentosa , c . glabra [ mna15 . 2 ] , 51
from ( quebec - florida ) - to ( illinois , missouri , arkansas , e . texas ) . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , c . tomentosa , c . glabra , c . ovata , c . cordiformis [ mna15 . 2 ] , 52
se . ontario , massachusetts - florida - texas , missouri , new mexico . see [ maps ]
larva on carya spp . , juglans spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 53
ontario , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , na . georgia , alabama , florida , mississippi , texas . see [ maps ]
nova scotia , new brunswick , quebec , ontario , maine , new hampshire , vermont , massachusetts , connecticut , new york , new yersey , michigan , wisconsin . see [ maps ]
larva on myrica asplenifolia , m . gale , m . pensylvanica [ mna15 . 2 ] , 56
nova scotia - manitoba , from ( maine - n . florida ) - to ( minnesota - e . texas ) . see [ maps ]
larva on alnus spp . , alnus serrulata , a . rugosa [ mna15 . 2 ] , 58
larva on betula , b . populifolia , b . papyrifera [ mna15 . 2 ] , 60
e . north carolina , se . mississippi , e . texas . see [ maps ]
ontario , new york , michigan , massachusetts , connecticut , north carolina , louisiana . see [ maps ]
larva on ostrya virginiana , less corylus spp . [ mna15 . 2 ] , 62
ontario , massachusetts , connecticut , north carolina , florida , missouri , nw . arkansas . see [ maps ]
ontario , massachusetts , connecticut , n . north carolina , iowa , wisconsin , illinois , missouri . see [ maps ]
larva on corylus americana , c . cornuta [ mna15 . 2 ] , 64
massachusetts , connecticut , new york , north carolina , illinois , wisconsin . see [ maps ]
this information is not automatically synchronized with globiz and can sometimes be lagging behind .
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
fourth annual report on the noxious , beneficial and other insects of the state of missouri , made to the state board of agriculture . . . 4th ann . rep . , missouri :
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
adults - top of head pale yellow or whitish , contrasting sharply with dark reddish thorax ; forewing basal and subterminal areas dark reddish ; broad black band with raised scales crosses wing in basal area , dividing dark reddish portion in two ; am line black at costa , becoming pale yellow half - way to inner margin ; medial area medium gray with pale gray or whitish triangular area touching costa and containing two dark discal spots ; pm line with deep scallop at costa and midline , and 4 sharp zigzag points in middle ; terminal line consists of several dark dots . hindwing unmarked , grayish - brown with pale fringe
larvae - head reddish brown with brown to dark - brown indistinct maculation . dorsum of body purplish brown with indistinct greenish or pink undertones ; venter slightly paler than dorsumbody smooth , dark gray with grayish - brown band on each abdominal segment ; head black
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed . contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose .
neunzig , h . h . , 1986 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 15 . 2 , p . 46 ; pl . 4 . 35 - 37 . order
according to mona fascicle 15 . 2 , these two moths are very similar , and can only be separated by the color on the underside of the wings and the color of the thorax on males . ( info from merrill lynch )
80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .
data and apps idaho fish and wildlife information system bringing information to bear on the management and conservation of fish , wildlife , and plants in idaho .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .