eosimops is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodont .

they were small synapsids superficially resembling modern mammals .

eosimops is known from several skull specimens , as well as one complete skeleton .

eosimops lived during the middle permian of south africa .

eosimops

eosimops is a genus of dicynodont therapsid that lived in south africa during the permian .
angielczyk , k . d . and rubidge , b . s . 2013 . skeletal morphology , phylogenetic relationships , and stratigraphic range of eosimops newtoni broom , 1921 , a pylaecephalid dicynodont ( therapsida , anomodontia ) from the middle permian of south africa . journal of systematic palaeontology 11 : 191–231 .
angielczyk , k . d . and rubidge , b . s . 2013 . skeletal morphology , phylogenetic relationships , and stratigraphic range of eosimops newtoni broom , 1921 , a pylaecephalid dicynodont ( therapsida , anomodontia ) from the middle permian of south africa . journal of systematic palaeontology 11 : 191 - 231 .
further reading -  skeletal morphology ,  phylogenetic relationships and stratigraphic range of eosimops newtoni broom ,  1921 ,  a pylaecephalid dicynodont ( therapsida ,  anomodontia ) from the middle permian of south africa .   -  journal of systematic palaeontology volume 11 ,  issue 2  -  kenneth d .  angielczyk & bruce s .  rubidge  -  2013 .
place : beaufort west , cape prov , south africa collection date : apr 1961 common name : synapsid synapsid taxonomy : animalia animalia chordata chordata therapsida therapsida dicynodontia dicynodontia dicynodontidae dicynodontidae published name : eosimops newtoni broom , 1922 koupia koupensis boonstra , 1948 usnm number : v23345 see more items in : paleogeneral reptiles / amphibians synapsida taxonomic paleobiology data source : nmnh - paleobiology dept . edan - url : edanmdm : nmnhpaleobiology _ 3450126
angielczyk , k . d . and rubidge , b . s . , 2013 . skeletal morphology , phylogenetic relationships and stratigraphic range of eosimops newtoni broom , 1921 , a pylaecephalid dicynodont ( therapsida , anomodontia ) from the middle permian of south africa . journal of systematic palaeontology , 11 , 191 - 231 . nexus | tnt | mpt ( s ) ( 1 ) | sc ( tv ) | mrp | xml
name : eosimops . phonetic : e - os - sim - ops . named by : robert broom  -  1921 . classification : chordata ,  synapsida ,  therapsida ,  anomodontia ,  dicynodontia . species : e .  newtoni . diet : herbivore . size : unavailable . known locations : south africa . time period : mid permian . fossil representation : remains of several individuals including skull and post cranial skeletal remains .
. . . a number of taxa that are based on poor material and whose taxonomic status is questionable were excluded from this analysis . these are aulacocephalus pithecops seeley , 1898 , compsodon helmoedi van hoepen , 1934 , dicynodontoides parringtoni broom , 1940 , diictodontoides skaios watson , 1960 , emydorhinus sciuroides ( broom , 1921 ) and e . fragilis broom , 1935 , eosimops newtoni broom , 1921 , hyorhynchus platyceps seeley , 1889 , palemydops platysoma broom , 1921 , p . minor broom , 1935 , and p . rubidgeae broom , 1937 , propelanomodon tylorhinus broom , 1913 , and ptychocynodon pentangulatus seeley , 1904 . the treatment of the wastebasket - genus dicynodon in this study necessitates some further explanation . . . .
' bainia haughtoni belongs to bainia ' according to r . broom 1921 ' bainia peavoti belongs to bainia ' according to r . broom 1921 ' bainia belongs to anomodontia ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon andrewsi belongs to dicynodon ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon curtus belongs to dicynodon ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon ictinops belongs to dicynodon ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon macrorhynchus belongs to dicynodon ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon osborni belongs to dicynodon ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon sollasi belongs to dicynodon ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon tigriceps is recombined as bainia tigriceps ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon watsoni belongs to dicynodon ' according to r . broom 1921 ' dicynodon woodwardi belongs to dicynodon ' according to r . broom 1921 ' emydops parvus belongs to emydops ' according to r . broom 1921 ' emydopsis longus belongs to emydopsis ' according to r . broom 1921 ' emydopsis sciuroides belongs to emydopsis ' according to r . broom 1921 ' emydopsis belongs to anomodontia ' according to r . broom 1921 ' emyduranus platyops belongs to emyduranus ' according to r . broom 1921 ' eosimops newtoni belongs to eosimops ' according to r . broom 1921 ' lycognathus ferox belongs to lycognathus ' according to broom 1913 ' oudenodon trigoniceps is recombined as emydopsis trigoniceps ' according to r . broom 1921 ' palemydops platysoma belongs to palemydops ' according to r . broom 1921
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full reference : r . broom . 1921 . on some new genera and species of anomodont reptiles from the karroo beds of south africa . proceedings of the zoological society of london 647 - 674
parent taxon : pylaecephalidae according to k . d . angielczyk and b . s . rubidge 2013
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suminia getmanovi was an anomodont , a species of synapsid ( stem mammal ) , that lived 260 million years ago in the late permian (
zone ii
) . this anomodont was discovered in kotelnich on the vyatka river russia . it is found in sandstone sediment , so most likely represents a delta - dwelling species , but this is not conclusive , as the specimen may have been washed down river , away from its habitat . s . getmanovi has teeth that are heavily abraded , suggesting plant material of high silica content . more recently found fossils indicate that it led an arboreal lifestyle .
the teeth were quite large for its size containing a single cusp per tooth with many serrations as in a serrated knife . these teeth were replaced throughout its life cycle . the
patricia vickers - rich and thomas h . rich , the great russian dinosaurs , gunter graphics , 1993 , pg 37 .
this article is issued from wikipedia - version of the 6 / 27 / 2016 . the text is available under the creative commons attribution / share alike but additional terms may apply for the media files .
the skull of rastodon procurvidens , holotype unipampa pv147p . credit : felipe lima pinheiro
may has been a spectacularly busy month . and a lot of awesome research was recently published on plos one and other open access journals ( check out our fossil friday roundup feature for lists of the latest publications and news ) while i was out traversing across the state of utah ( looking at fish fossils and dinosaur tracks – more on that later ! ) . but now that i ' ve returned from traveling ( for now ) , and fossil friday roundup is successfully off and running , i ' m back and ready to share with you the latest paper , published today in plos one .
this new species , dubbed rastodon procurvidens by the authors , is now the second known taxon from the permian of brazil . the description is based on a single specimen , but a beautiful one at that , with an almost complete skull and lower jaws . it was collected on a private farm in rio grande do sul , from the guadalupian / lopingian rio de rasto formation . the skull is slightly crushed dorsoventrally , but is still so well preserved that it is easy to distinguish characteristics that define it as a dicynodont .
phylogenetic position of rastodon procurvidens within dicynodontia based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis .
what makes rastodon unusual , however , is it ' s unique arrangement of the tusks . unlike other dicynodonts , the tusks of rastodon are extremely small and curved forwards , with the tip of each tusk directed towards the front of the snout . the authors note that this is not due to pathological or taphonomical deformation because this morphology is present on both sides of the skull and fits nicely into an embayment that is present on the caniniform process of rastodon , and each tooth displays fine striations that match the curvature of the tooth , with no cracks that would suggest deformation of the teeth .
procurved teeth are present in one other taxon , the study notes . abajudon , a dicynondont from tanzania , possesses procurved postcanines , not tusks like rastodon . in both instances , however , the function or purpose of these teeth remains unclear . boos et al ( 2016 ) does note that these unusual tusks must have played a role when chewing because they inner ( lingual ) surface would have contacted the lower jaw during mastication .
the phylogenetic study of boos et al ( 2016 ) recovered rastodon as being a member of the dicynodont sublcade bidentalia . the skull of rastodon is very generalized when compared to other members of bidentialia , but nevertheless is united with this group based on some shared derived characters outlined in the paper . more importantly what this study suggests is that bidentalia must have split by the middle permian , but this split must have occurred outside of africa , as members of this group are absent in guadalupian - age rocks of africa . rastodon represents the first basal bidentalian from the middle permian , as all other basal bidentalian dicynondonts are late permian in age .
this beautiful specimen illustrates the need to examine more middle permian deposits from south america , asia , and african basins outside of south africa . the origin of this diverse clade is still a larger mystery , and as the discovery of rastodon shows , there is still much to learn about the origin and evolution of these unusual herbivorous tetrapods .
more information : alessandra d . s . boos et al . a new dicynodont ( therapsida : anomodontia ) from the permian of southern brazil and its implications for bidentalian origins , plos one ( 2016 ) . doi : 10 . 1371 / journal . pone . 0155000
an international team led by researchers from the evolutionary studies institute ( esi ) at the university of the witwatersrand , johannesburg , has obtained an age from rocks of the great karoo that shed light on the timing . . .
diadectomorpha is a clade of permo - carboniferous tetrapods , which was previously only reported from north america and germany . although this clade is only moderately diverse , it is central to discussions of late palaeozoic . . .
pre - cenozoic terrestrial tetrapod burrows have been found in north america , antarctica , morocco , and poland . these burrows are identified as the production of dicynodonts , cynodonts , therocephalians , therapsid or mammals , . . .
a new captorhinid reptile , gansurhinus qingtoushanensis , gen . et sp . nov . , was found from xidagou formation ( middle permian ) at qingtoushan ( dashankou ) locality near yumen , gansu province , and from naobaogou formation ( late . . .
head - butting and canine display during male - male combat first appeared some 270 million years ago .
earth ' s biosphere witnessed its greatest ecological catastrophe in the latest permian , dated to about 251 . 9 million years ago . the current model for biodiversity collapse states that both marine and terrestrial animals were . . .
the discovery of a new species of mammal in alberta ' s fossil record has shaken up some long - held beliefs about other species in its lineage .
people from smaller cities are more likely to migrate than people from larger cities , according to a new study by ucl academics .
a study reported in the journal science offers an enhanced view of the origins and ultimate fate of the first dogs in the americas . the dogs were not domesticated north american wolves , as some have speculated , but likely . . .
more than 3 million years ago , our ancient human ancestors , including their toddler - aged children , were standing on two feet and walking upright , according to a new study published in science advances .
social dilemmas occur when individual desires clash with group needs . how can people be encouraged to cooperate when they have reason not to ? in a new nature paper , hilbe and krishnendu chatterjee of the institute of science . . .
researchers think they have a better understanding for how ancient north americans thrived for centuries in northwestern new mexico ' s arid desert .
may has been a spectacularly busy month . and a lot of awesome research was recently published on plos one did the author used to write for tiger beat ?
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department of general zoology , faculty of biology , university of duisburg - essen , universitatsstr . 2 , d - 45117 essen , germany
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walsh , s . a . , barrett , p . m . , milner , a . c . , manley , g . , and witmer , l . m . 2009 . inner ear anatomy is a proxy for deducing auditory capability and behaviour in reptiles and birds . proceedings of the royal society of london series b 276 : 1355–1360 .
walsh , s . a . , luo , z . x . , and barrett , p . m . 2013 . modern imaging techniques as a window to prehistoric auditory worlds . in : c . köppl and g . manley ( eds . ) , insights from comparative hearing research . springer handbook of auditory research 49 : 227–262 .
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witmer , l . m . 1997 . the evolution of the antorbital cavity of archosaurs : a study in soft - tissue reconstruction in the fossil record with an analysis of the function of pneumaticity . memoir society of vertebrate paleontology memoir 3 . journal of vertebrate paleontology 17 ( supplement to 1 ) : 1–73
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the fossil record of synapsida is exceptional in that it documents in much detail the transition from basal , pelycosaur - grade synapsids to derived synapsids and the acquisition of increasingly large numbers of mammalian features , such as the mammalian phalangeal formula , upright locomotion , bony secondary palate , the mammalian middle ear , and ecological specializations ( e . g . , olson
the initial diversification of synapsids marks their early success in terms of dominance of paleozoic ( in particular permian ) ecosystems on land ( e . g . , olson
) . yet , the greatest mass extinction in earth’s history at the end of the permian had a major impact on the composition and structure of terrestrial ecosystems , including a significant decline in synapsid diversity and disparity ( e . g . , benton et al .
) . only three major synapsid clades survived the end - permian extinction , namely dicynodont anomodonts , therocephalians , and cynodonts ( e . g . , kemp
) . ultimately , only cynodonts survived to give rise to crown mammals . the latter experienced a major diversification during the cenozoic , leading to the success of mammals in today’s ecosystems ( see prothero
traditional studies of paleobiodiversity utilized raw data from the fossil record to reconstruct diversity curves throughout the phanerozoic ( e . g . , raup
) . more recent contributions strongly emphasize the need to apply methods of sampling standardization to minimize existing sampling biases ( e . g . , alroy et al .
) . in particular , a wide range of studies on marine invertebrates have clearly demonstrated that the raw patterns of taxonomic diversity are strongly correlated with several proxies for rock availability , including the number of formations , number of localities , or outcrop area per time interval ( e . g . , raup
) , as well as for marine reptiles in the oceans ( benson et al .
) . thus , it is possible that rock availability is driving the diversity patterns seen in the fossil record .
however , a correlation between these two variables does not necessarily imply a causal relationship . alternatively , both variables may be influenced or controlled by a third factor , such as sea - level changes , known as the ‘common cause’ hypothesis ( e . g . , sepkoski
) . however , there seem to be divergent signals in the marine and terrestrial environments . the ‘common cause’ scenario with sea - level changes as third variable appears to be well - supported in the shallow marine realm ( e . g . , sepkoski
) . the investigation of the ‘common cause’ hypothesis is beyond the scope of this study .
) . the goal is to investigate for the first time diversity patterns of synapsida as a whole and its subclades at the regional scale of the south african karoo basin . the latter contains an almost unbroken sequence of continental sedimentation from the middle permian to the early jurassic with exceptional records of amphibians , synapsids , parareptiles , and eureptiles alike ( rubidge
) . special focus of the present study will be given to rock availability , the significance of the end - permian extinction in the terrestrial realm , and the extraction of biological signals from the diversity patterns observed in the fossil record by applying corrections for a geological sampling bias .
this study is based on a dataset of karoo vertebrates compiled by angielczyk et al . (
) , which was subsequently updated using the subsequent literature and personal observations . the dataset represents a current list of vertebrate genus richness per assemblage zone ( az ) in the south african karoo basin , but has been modified to include synapsid genera only ( see appendix
) . taxonomic diversity estimates ( tdes ) were counted as genera present within one time bin ( i . e . assemblage zone ) not including phylogenetic ghost lineages .
) compilation of outcrop area values of the eight well - established south african assemblage zones served as proxy for rock availability . for each az , king (
) provided values of the total outcrop area ( to ) , the “unproductive” area ( uo ) , and the adjusted “productive” outcrop area ( po ) , the latter representing the total outcrop area minus the “unproductive” area . in this framework , the “unproductive” values represent areas covered with soil or vegetation , areas with no relief , or unsampled areas ( see king
) superimposed on it . second , the total outcrop values include areas where the beaufort series is overlain by cenozoic rocks or soil . third , the “unproductive” area values that king (
) provided to correct for uneven sampling were derived from multiple variables with different correction factors : areas with low relief ( 100 % unproductive ; less than 100 m elevation difference with 10 km distance ) , areas with vegetation cover ( 50 % unproductive ; karoo exposures north of the orange river ) , and areas with lack of sampling ( 100 % unproductive ; graphically estimated ) . nonetheless , the values provided by king (
) represent the only available data on outcrop areas of the assemblage zones of the south african beaufort group . a new compilation of detailed outcrop area data from local - scale geological maps would have the potential to be more accurate . however , local - scale geological maps contain lithological units rather than biostratigraphic assemblage zone data ; conversion from the former to the latter is not always simple and would introduce another potential source of error .
) rather than simple first difference transformation , to remove a potential short - term autocorrelation of the diversity data . generalized differencing ( gd ) works by detrending the data by calculating residuals of the diversity data regressed against time , and then removing autocorrelation by taking differences between neighboring values , which are ultimately modulated by the strength of the correlation between the neighbors . in this weighting scheme , weak autocorrelation is treated as little or no change to the original curve , whereas generalized differencing approximates simple first differencing when autocorrelation is strong . as autocorrelation could be an important factor , the results of the generalized differenced data series should be regarded as most accurate from an analytical perspective .
) and kendall’s rank correlation coefficient ( t ) were calculated to test for a correlation between taxonomic diversity and outcrop area , the latter being used as a proxy for sedimentary rock volume per assemblage zone . pearson’s r is a measure of the strength of correlation between two variables , spearman’s r
measures whether peaks in two data series are correlated via a rank ordered correlation , and kendall’s τ measures whether two curves simultaneously rise and fall . significant correlations have a
value of less than 0 . 05 . in addition , significance levels were adjusted for multiple comparisons ( bonferroni correction ) , which utilizes a
) of pairwise comparisons with the same data series , i . e . 0 . 05 /
) . the number of pairwise comparisons with the same data series ( family size ) ranged from two to eleven . both significance levels are discussed below .
) was used to model the diversity of synapsids , assuming that rock availability ( outcrop area ) is a perfect predictor of the tde for each synapsid clade . the modeled diversity estimate ( mde ) is constructed by independently rank - ordering the log
- transformed tde and outcrop area values . a least - squares regression of the form y = mx + c was calculated for the re - ordered data . this equation was then applied to the outcrop area values in their original order , representing the mde for each time interval . the difference between tde and mde is the residual diversity , i . e . the component of diversity that cannot simply be explained by variation in rock availability .
to examine the effect of variable duration of the eight time bins ( i . e . assemblage zones ) , the correlation between bin length and taxonomic diversity , as well as between bin length and outcrop area , also were examined . moreover , data series were corrected for bin duration and reanalyzed for correlation . stratigraphic correlation of the south african assemblage zones with the international marine stages is mainly based on rubidge (
finally , previous analyses clearly showed that the early triassic time interval was a distinct outlier with particularly low taxon counts despite increased sampling ( benton et al .
az was excluded in an additional set of analyses to test the impact of the end - permian extinction event on the relationship between synapsid diversity and outcrop area in the beaufort group of the south african karoo basin .
all statistical analyses were performed in the software package past version 2 . 0 ( hammer et al .
az , and a distinct and equally pronounced extinction event at the end of the permian , followed by low diversity in the lower and middle triassic assemblage zones ( fig .
az ( 13 genera ) . thus , the drop in synapsid diversity in the south african karoo basin is slightly more pronounced at the mid - permian event ( about 75 % ) than the corresponding diversity drop at the end - permian event ( about 71 % ) .
) . for example , anomodonts seem to most closely reflect the diversity pattern of synapsida as a whole . this may not be surprising , as anomodonts represent the richest permian - triassic synapsid clade . interestingly , however , anomodonts do not seem to exclusively drive the synapsid pattern . in fact , there seems to be a general synapsid pattern that is preserved even when anomodonts are excluded from the dataset ( fig .
az ( 17 genera ) , and that the drop in diversity is less pronounced at the mid - permian event ( 54 % ) compared to the end - permian event ( 88 % ) . in contrast , only two varanopid genera are known from south africa , both occurring in the
and the triassic assemblage zones . gorgonopsian diversity does not reflect a mid - permian event but increases to a maximum of ten genera before the clade’s extinction at the end of the permian . therocephalians show a diversity pattern similar to anomodonts and synapsida as a whole , with a distinct mid - permian extinction ( 67 % ) in therocephalians . however , their diversity profile continues to fall after the end - permian event from the early triassic into the middle triassic , with diversity drops of 42 and 71 % , respectively . in contrast , members of the cynodontia first appear in the
* statistically significant value after bonferroni correction ; bold values , statistically significant with p value of less than 0 . 05
at first sight , the distribution of outcrop area through time appears similar to the diversity profile of synapsida as a whole ( fig .
for details on all correlation values ) . for the generalized differenced ( gd ) data series , only the correlation between to and po remains significant . none of the data series for outcrop area are correlated with bin length . tdes of synapsida as a whole and its subclades are likewise not correlated with bin length . moreover , for the complete data series , only the diversity profiles of therocephalia and synapsida minus anomodonts display a statistically significant positive correlation between log - transformed and generalized differenced data and outcrop area ( to ) , although bonferroni correction renders these correlations non - significant . these results hold true when tdes are compared with king’s (
) productive outcrop area ( po ) only ( results not shown ) , which is not surprising due to the significant positive correlation between total outcrop area ( to ) and productive outcrop area ( po ) . thus , it seems obvious that the effects of correction factor for the total outcrop area suggested by king (
) are negligible . furthermore , the results are consistent when the data series are standardized by time ( results not shown ) .
az from all data series , the tdes of selected synapsid subclades show a statistically significant and strong positive correlation with outcrop area ( to ) for both log - transformed and generalized differenced ( gd ) data . for the comparison of gd values for the tde and outcrop area excluding the
az . using the first calculation scheme , the tdes of synapsida as a whole , synapsida minus anomodonts , and the synapsid subclades biarmosuchia , anomodontia , gorgonopsia , and therocephalia ( see below ) show a strong positive correlation with outcrop area ( to ) for both log - transformed and generalized differenced data . of these clades , only the correlations between outcrop area and synapsida tde minus anomodonts and therocephalian tde and outcrop area ( to ) are non - significant when the gd values are recalculated after deletion of the
for anomodontia . nonetheless , for the gd data series the strong positive correlation between tde and outcrop area remains robust for synapsida , biarmosuchia , anomodontia , and gorgonopsia .
the modeled diversity estimates ( mdes ) are derived from the outcrop area and its correlation ( based on least - squares regression ) with the respective taxonomic diversity estimates ( tdes ) . mdes of synapsida and its subclades are not correlated with the respective tdes for the complete data series ( table
) , comparable to the relationship between outcrop area and tde in these clades ( see above ) .
calculation of diversity residuals by subtracting the mdes from the tdes of synapsida and its subclades results in clade - specific residual trends ( fig .
) . the trend in residual taxonomic diversity in synapsida as a whole has a similar pattern of peaks and troughs when compared to that of raw or log - transformed diversity . the residual values are positive in the middle permian reaching a peak in the
similar but slightly varying trends in residual taxonomic diversity are also seen in biarmosuchians , anomodonts , gorgonopsians , and therocephalians . in biarmosuchians , residual diversity is positive throughout the permian assemblage zones of the karoo basin , increases towards a maximum in the lower upper permian pristerognathus az , thereafter gradually decreases towards low positive values in the late permian , and finally drops abruptly to high negative values in the triassic .
the trend in residual diversity of anomodonts is also positive throughout the entire permian , exhibiting high positive values in the middle and early late permian , values close to zero in the tropidostoma az , and a small peak in the late late permian , before dropping to high negative values in the early and middle triassic .
gorgonopsian residual diversity is highest in the middle permian eodicynodon az , drops to a low negative value in the tapinocephalus az , thereafter increases to high positive values in the late permian , and drops to high negative values in the triassic .
the residual diversity of therocephalians starts with high positive values in the middle and early late permian with a peak in the tapinocephalus az , drops abruptly to high negative values in the tropidostoma az , increases again to a high in the upper permian dicynodon az , before it drops to high negative values in the triassic and an overall minimum in the cynognathus az .
interestingly , cynodonts seem to show an almost inverse pattern compared to those seen in all synapsids and the already - discussed subclades . their residual diversity profile exhibits a minimum in the middle permian tapinocephalus az , reaches values close to zero in the early late permian before dropping to a second minimum in the upper permian cistecephalus az , values close to zero in the latest permian and early triassic and an overall maximum in the middle triassic cynognathus az .
the residual diversity trends in varanopids and dinocephalians are very different from the general synapsid pattern , exhibiting high positive values in the middle permian only and dropping to negative or borderline positive values for all younger assemblage zones .
) as well as on the regional scales of russia ( benton et al .
) . these studies have primarily focused on ecological aspects of the extinction event ( e . g . , turnover rates of specific guilds , such as carnivores and herbivores ) , have employed coarse taxonomic levels such as families , or have targeted the differentiation between amphibians and amniotes only . other studies focused explicitly on permian - triassic boundary sequences to investigate the detailed stratigraphic occurrences of relevant taxa and their significance for interpreting patterns of the end - permian extinction in the terrestrial realm ( smith and ward
) . selected studies specifically downplayed the influence of sampling biases on permian - triassic diversity patterns ( e . g . , sahney and benton
the present study thoroughly investigates the relationship of rock availability and synapsid diversity . for the first time , it addresses synapsid diversity in its entirety and focuses on the specific response of individual synapsid clades to the end - permian event . by taking into account the rock record , the present analysis uncovers biological signals underpinning observed patterns of fluctuating taxonomic diversity . the results of this work emphasize the need for sampling standardization and specifically the control of rock availability , as highlighted in recent paleobiological contributions ( e . g . , alroy et al .


leucanopsis lineata is a moth of the family erebidae .

it was described by schaus in 1894 .

it is found in brazil and paraguay .

leucanopsis lineata

halisidota lineata schaus , 1894 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1894 : 230 ; tl : paraná , castro
leucanopsis lineata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis oruba ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ]
leucanopsis loisona ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis curta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis pseudofalacra ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis dallipa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis dinellii ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis nimbiscripta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis democrata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis contempta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis setosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
leucanopsis calvona ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis notodontina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis lacteogrisea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis huaco ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis terranea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis subterranea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis sthenia ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis liparoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis hoffmannsi ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis huacina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 357
leucanopsis mancina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis cirphis ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis leucanina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis tanamo ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis rufoochracea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis truncata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis louella ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis dissimilis ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis ochracea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis squalida ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 358
leucanopsis rhomboidea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis strigulosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis malodonta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis suavina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis nonagrioides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 259
leucanopsis ephrem ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis polyodonta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis joasa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis pseudomanda ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 359
leucanopsis chesteria ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis flavorufa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis stipulata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis taperana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis aurantiaca ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis pohli ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis pulverea ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis stipulatoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis pulverulenta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 360
leucanopsis boliviana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis coniota ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis ishima ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis tabernilla ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis perdita ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis zozinna ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis bipartita ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis pseudoconiata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis oblonga ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis biedala ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 361
leucanopsis subnebulosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis mandus ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis stuarti ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis suffusa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis quanta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis jonesi ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis cirphoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis aurata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis orooca ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis pterostomoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis rosetta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis manada ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis nebulosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis oruboides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis similis ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 363
leucanopsis toledana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis nubilosus ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis obvia ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis ahysa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis batesi ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis misona ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis sporina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis vangetta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis apicepunctata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis siegruna ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis austina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
leucanopsis soldina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis racema ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis angulata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis azadina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis turrialba ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis quadrata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis valentina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis venezuelensis ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis cedon ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 365
leucanopsis nayapana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis bactris ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis luridioides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis cloisa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis athor ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis marimba ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis falacra ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis affinella ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis cuneipuncta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis guascana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis sablona ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis falacroides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis zacualpana ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis hadenoides ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis acuta ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
leucanopsis maccessoya ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis lomara ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis fuscosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis perirrorata ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis umbrosa ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis violascens ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis umbrina ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis potamia ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 368
leucanopsis longa ; [ nacl ] , # 8217 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 16
leucanopsis terola ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2013 , zoosystema 35 ( 3 ) : 444 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 362
leucanopsis lurida ; [ nacl ] , # 8217 . 2 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 16 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 366
leucanopsis perdentata ; [ nacl ] , # 8217 . 1 ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 25 ; [ nhm card ] ; schmidt & opler , 2008 , zootaxa 1677 : 16 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
= ; watson & goodger , 1986 , occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 24 ; [ nhm card ] ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 356
halisidota curta rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 67 ; tl : fonte boa , upper amazons
= halisidota nimbiscripta ; hampson , 1920 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 2 : 297
halisidota dallipa jones , 1908 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1908 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota nimbiscripta dyar , 1912 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 42 ( 1885 ) : 51 ; tl : mexico , guerrero , iguala
halisidota democrata schaus , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2307 ) : 119 ; tl : guatemala , cayuga
halisidota contempta rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 288 ; tl : amazonas , fonte boa
halisidota setosa rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 218 ; tl : la oroya , rio inambari , peru , 3100ft
halisidota calvona schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 508 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota notodontina rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 2 ) : 188 , pl . 14 , f . 28 ; tl : huancabamba , e . peru
halisidota lacteogrisea rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 288 ; tl : la vuelta , caura river
halisidota huaco schaus , 1901 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 7 ( 39 ) : 266 ; tl : brazil , rio janeiro , castro paraña
halisidota terranea rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 218 ; tl : fonte boa , upper amazon
halisidota subterranea rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 281 ; tl : santo domingo , oconeque , la oroya , rio inambari , carabaya
halisidota sthenia hampson , 1901 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 155 , pl . 40 , f . 6 ; tl : bolivia , rio songo
halisidota liparoides rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 287 ; tl : aroewarwa creek , maroewym valley , surinam ; . . .
halisidota hoffmannsi rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 222 ; tl : pozuzo , dept . huanuco , peru
halisidota huacina schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 577 ; tl : peru , chaquimayao
halisidota mancina schaus , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2307 ) : 120 ; tl : guatemala , cayuga
halisidota cirphis schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 185 ; tl : juan viñas , volcano turrialba
euphalisidota longa grote , 1880 ; can . ent . 12 ( 10 ) : 213 ; tl : florida , enterprise
colombia , ecuador , brazil ( rio de janeiro ) . see [ maps ]
halisidota tanamo schaus , 1904 ; trans . amer . ent . soc . 30 : 138 ; tl : cuba , tanamo
halisidota rufoochracea rothschild , 1922 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 9 ( 53 ) : 483 ; tl : [ pará ]
halisidota truncata rothschild , 1922 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 9 ) 9 ( 53 ) : 491 ; tl : pernambuco
halisidota louella schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 502 ; tl : brazil , espirito santo
halisidota dissimilis reich , 1935 ; int . ent . zeit . 29 : 278 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina , jaraguá do sul
halisidota ochracea möschler , 1883 ; verh . zool . - bot . ges . wien 32 : 337 , pl . 18 , f . 28 ; tl : surinam
phegoptera squalida herrich - schäffer , [ 1855 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( i ) 1 ( 13 - 17 ) : pl . 52 , f . 288
mexico , guatemala , panama , ecuador , bolivia , peru , surinam , brazil . see [ maps ]
? halesidota ? citrina walker , [ 1865 ] ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 31 : 314
larva on paspalum indicum hampson , 1901 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 165
halisidota strigulosa walker , 1855 ; list spec . lepid . insects colln br . mus . 3 : 737 ; tl : brazil , para
halesidota malodonta dyar , 1914 ; insecutor inscit . menstr . 2 : 161 ; tl : peru , huadquina
halisidota suavina schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 510 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
venezuela , peru , brazil ( são paulo , minas gerais ) , paraguay . see [ maps ]
halisidota nonagrioides rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 64 , 17 ( 4 ) pl . 13 , f . 19 ; tl : venezuela ; são paulo ; minas geraes ; peru
halisidota ephrem schaus , 1905 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 29 ( 1420 ) : 223 ; tl : bolivia , rurrenabaque
halisidota polyodonta hampson , 1901 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 166 , pl . 41 , f . 2 ; tl : amazons , parintins
halisidota joasa schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 504 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota pseudomanda rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 65 , 17 ( 4 ) pl . 14 , f . 2 ; tl : la oroya , carabaya ; santo doming ; tinguri ; surinam
halisidota chesteria schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 511 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota flavorufa rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 66 , 17 ( 4 ) pl . 13 , f . 31 ; tl : potaro , brit . guiana ; carondelet , ecuador
halisidota daltona schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 503 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota stipulata rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 288 ; tl : peru , la orotya , rio inambari
halisidota taperana schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 580 ; tl : brazil , paraná
halisidota aurantiaca rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 287 ; tl : allianca , below san antonio , rio madeira
halisidota pohli schaus , 1927 ; proc . ent . soc . wash . 29 ( 4 ) : 75 ; tl : brazil , alto da serra
halisidota pulverea schaus , 1896 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 4 : 138 ; tl : brazil , são paulo
halisidota stipulatoides rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 64 ; tl : venezuela ; british guiana ; . . .
halisidota pulverulenta dognin , 1923 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 23 : 8 ; tl : brazil , amazonas , rio tapajoz
halisidota boliviana dognin , 1922 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 20 : 2 ; tl : bolivia , rio songo
halisidota loisona schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 503 ; tl : brazil , espirito santo
ecuador , bolivia , surinam , brazil ( rio de janeiro ) . see [ maps ]
halisidota coniota hampson , 1901 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 164 , pl . 41 , f . 1 ; tl : brazil , rio de janeiro
halisidota ishima schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 503 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota tabernilla schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 581 ; tl : panama , canal zone
halisidota perdita schaus , 1920 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 57 ( 2307 ) : 120 ; tl : guatemala , cayugua
halisidota zozinna schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 580 ; tl : colombia , muzo
halisidota bipartita dognin , 1912 ; hét . nouv . am . sud 6 : 6 ; tl : colombia , monte tolima
halisidota pseudoconiata rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 286 ; tl : limbani , carabaya , 900ft ; agualani , carabaya , 9000ft
halisidota oblonga rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 218 ; tl : santo doming , carabaya , 6000ft
halisidota biedala schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 502 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
phegoptera mandus herrich - schäffer , [ 1855 ] ; samml . aussereurop . schmett . ( i ) 1 ( 13 - 17 ) : pl . 52 , f . 286 ( boisduval ) ; tl : brazil
halisidota stuarti rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 287 ; tl : reyes , amazons
aemilia suffusa jones , 1908 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1908 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota quanta schaus , 1896 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 4 : 139 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota jonesi rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 286 ; tl : castro , parana
halisidota dogniniana strand , 1919 ; lepid . cat . 22 : 75 ( repl . halisidota fassli dognin , 1911 ) ; tl : colombia , paramo del quindin
halisidota cirphoides rothschild , 1916 ; novit . zool . 23 : 271 ; tl : colombia , monte tolima
halisidota aurata jones , 1908 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1908 ( 1 ) : 148 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota orooca schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 36 ; tl : argentina , tucumán
= halisidota oruboides ; hampson , 1920 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 2 : 289
halisidota rosetta schaus , 1896 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 4 : 139 ; tl : brazil , são paulo
halisidota manada schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 509 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota nebulosa rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 288 ; tl : amazonas , fonte boa
halisidota oruboides rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 219 ; tl : santo domingo , carabaya , 6500ft
halisidota similis rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 219 ; tl : fonte boa , upper amazon
halisidota toledana schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 507 ; tl : bolivia , rio sargo [ songo ]
halisidota nubilosus rothschild , 1909 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 4 ( 21 ) : 222 ; tl : peru , santo domingo , oconeque , la oroya , rio inambari , carabaya
halisidota obvia dognin , 1909 ; ann . soc . ent . belg . 53 : 221 ; tl : french guiana , saint laurent du maroni
halisidota ahysa schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 579 ; tl : rio de janeiro
halisidota batesi rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 286 ; tl : teffe , amazons
halisidota misona schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 508 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota sporina schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 510 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halesidota vangetta dyar , 1910 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 38 ( 1742 ) : 235 ; tl : mexico , misantla
halisidota apicepunctata schaus , 1905 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 29 ( 1420 ) : 223 ; tl : carabaya , peru
halisidota siegruna schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 509 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
= ; vincent & laguerre , 2010 , bull . soc . ent . fr . 115 ( 2 ) : 182 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 364
halisidota soldina schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 504 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota racema schaus , 1905 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 29 ( 1420 ) : 223 ; tl : french guiana , saint jean , maroni river
halisidota angulata rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 65 ; tl : santo domingo , carabaya ; la oroya
halisidota oruba schaus , 1892 ; proc . zool . soc . lond . 1892 : 280 ; tl : brazil , petropolis
halisidota azadina schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 505 ; tl : brazil , são paulo
halisidota turrialba schaus , 1911 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 8 ) 7 ( 38 ) : 185 ; tl : turrialba
halisidota quadrata rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 65 ; tl : oconeque , carabaya ; limbani
halisidota valentina schaus , 1924 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 65 ( 2520 ) : 35 ; tl : oconeque , carabaya , limbani
= halisidota cedon ; hampson , 1920 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 2 : 292
halisidota cedon druce , 1897 ; biol . cent . - am . , lepid . - heter . 2 : 372 , pl . 74 , f . 11 ; tl : panama , chiriqui
halisidota nayapana schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 506 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
noctua bactris sepp , [ 1852 ] ; surinaam . vlinders 2 ( 25 ) : 223 ; tl : surinam
larva on bactris acanthocarpa hampson , 1901 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 155
= halisidota bactris ; hampson , 1920 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . ( suppl . ) 2 : 277
halisidota cloisa schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 505 ; tl : brazil , espirito santo
halisidota athor schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 576 ; tl : brazil , rio , campo bello
halisidota marimba schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 577 ; tl : venezuela , merida
= halisidota bactris ; hampson , 1901 , cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 155
halisidota cuneipuncta rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 287 ; tl : mexico , veracruz
halisidota perdentata schaus , 1901 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 7 ) 7 ( 39 ) : 266 ; tl : mexico , oribaza
halisidota guascana schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 505 ; tl : colombia , pueblo guasca
euhalisidota sablona schaus , 1896 ; j . n . y . ent . soc . 4 : 140 ; tl : brazil , castro paraña
halisidota falacroides rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 281 ; tl : huancabamba , cerro de pasco
halisidota zacualpana schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 501 ; tl : mexico , zacualpan
halisidota hadenoides rothschild , 1909 ; novit . zool . 16 ( 2 ) : 289 ; tl : iquitos ; amazonas , codaja , fonte boa ; allianca , below san antonio , rio madeira
= ; vincent & laguerre , 2010 , bull . soc . ent . fr . 115 ( 2 ) : 182 ; vincent & laguerre , 2014 , zoosystema 36 ( 2 ) : 367
halisidota maccessoya schaus , 1933 ; ann . mag . nat . hist . ( 10 ) 11 : 578 ; tl : amazons , amaturá
halisidota lomara schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 508 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina
halisidota ? fuscosa jones , 1908 ; trans . ent . soc . lond . 1908 ( 1 ) : 149 ; tl : paraná , castro
halisidota perirrorata reich , 1935 ; int . ent . zeit . 29 : 279 ; tl : brazil , santa catarina , nova teutonia
halisidota umbrosa hampson , 1901 ; cat . lepid . phalaenae br . mus . 3 : 163 , pl . 40 , f . 14 ; tl : brazil , rio janeiro
halisidota violascens reich , 1933 ; int . ent . zs . 27 : 366 ; tl : argentina
halisidota umbrina rothschild , 1910 ; novit . zool . 17 ( 1 ) : 68 ; tl : fonte boa , upper amazons
halisidota potamia schaus , 1941 ; proc . u . s . nat . mus . 89 ( 3102 ) : 510 ; tl : antioquia , mesopatamia , colombia , 5000ft
[ maps ] warning ! the maps are automatically generated from the textual information , and the process does not always produce acceptable result ; see about maps for more info .
reise der österreichischen fregatte novara um die erde in den jahren 1857 , 1858 , 1859 unter den behilfen des commodore b . von wüllerstorf - urbair . zoologischer theil . band 2 . abtheilung 2 . lepidoptera . rhopalocera
- 120 , ( inhalts - verz . ) 1 - 9 ( pl . 1 - 74 ) , ( felder & rogenhofer , 1874 ) , ( 5 ) : pl .
biologia centrali - americana ; or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna of mexico and central america . zoology . lepidoptera . heterocera
catalogue of the arctiadae ( arctianae ) and agaristidae in the collection of the british museum ( nat . hist . )
descriptions of new species of lepidoptera heterocera from brazil , mexico , and peru . part i & ii
natuurlijke historie van surinaamsche vlinders , naar het leven geteekend . papillons de surinam dessinés d ' après nature
( 13 ) : i - viii , 105 - 108 , pl . 49 - 50 ( [ 1843 ] ) ,
( 25 ) : i - iv , 217 - 224 , pl . 97 - 100 ( [ 1847 ] ) ,
( 38 ) : i - viii , 321 - 328 , pl . 149 - 152 ( [ 1852 ] )
watson & goodger , 1986 catalogue of the neotropical tigermoths occ . papers on syst . entomology 1 : 1 - 71
if you have corrections , comments or information to add into these pages , just send mail to markku savela keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources , and may include many inaccuracies . expert help is welcome .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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scoparia clavata is a moth of the crambidae family .

it was described by philpott in 1912 .

it is found in new zealand .

the wingspan is about 26 mm .

the forewings are white , irrorated with brownish-ochreous .

the costa is brownish and there is a black median streak from the base of the costa , as well as a black streak in the disc above the middle .

all streaks are margined with brownish-ochreous .

the hindwings are shining white , but ochreous at the termen .

adults have been recorded on wing in december .

scoparia clavata

a very deceptive common name , as this hakea commonly occurs many kilometres inland , particularly to the north and northeast of esperance . hakea clavata is largely restricted to granite outcrops where it grows in shallow soils , where its roots can penetrate rock fractures . this environment is extremely harsh , being exposed to hot and very dry conditions for long periods . however , this harshness represents a habitat that few large shrubs can tolerate , so hakea clavata can grow with little competition and even provide shelter for small plants beneath .
habitat for threatened species comesperma oblongatum ( listed as
vulnerable
in the queensland nature conservation act 1992 and the environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 . ) and stackhousia tryonii ( listed as
near threatened
in the queensland nature conservation act 1992 ) . also habitat for species which are poorly known in the cqc bioregion , including pultenaea spinosa , dianella crinoides , diuris alba , diuris chrysantha , diuris alba x chrysantha , diuris sp . , caladenia catenata , chamaecrista concinna , dysphania carinata , chorizema parviflorum , eremophila debilis , eulalia trispicata , peripleura diffusa , spermacoce multicaulis and velleia pubescens , as well as species at the northern limit of their range , including brachyloma daphnoides , hovea clavata , jacksonia scoparia , hibbertia vestita , patersonia sericea and brunonia australis .
as this shrub is rarely burnt , the usual hakea genus method of reseeding ( by keeping their seed enclosed within a thick woody capsule and only releasing when the plant dies , thus protecting them from bushfires ) will not work . so hakea clavata releases its seed unaided early each summer , thereby giving its prodigy the slim chance of reproduction , providing it is by chance , blown into a vacant crack in the granite and then overlooked by seed eating predators .
to survive and prosper in this terribly dry and exposed environment , this hakea has evolved ( moisture absorbing ) 50 - 75 mm ( 2
- 3
) pencil thick fleshy leaves to help it over the many dry periods typical of low rainfall areas . this moisture saving means hakea clavata is slow growing and requires many years to fully develop , which is only achievable thanks to large areas of bare rock naturally creating firebreaks to protect these shrubs from periodic bushfires . some plants on large outcrops and well away from inflammable vegetation , can be of substantial age and grow to over 3 metres ( 10 ' ) in height , plus spread even further .
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♂ . 18–19 mm . head , palpi , thorax , and abdomen dark greenish - fuscous . palpi 1½ . antennae biciliated with long fascicles , ciliations 3 . forewings triangular , costa almost straight , termen slightly bowed , subsinuate on lower half ; dark greenish - fuscous ; veins marked more or less with black ; lines obscure ; some faint thin waved green lines near base ; median band ochreous except beneath costa , anterior edge from ½ to ⅗ , waved , hardly curved , posterior from ¾ to ⅘ , bluntly projecting at middle and concave on lower half ; a thin dentate bluish - green subterminal line : cilia ochreous , barred with fuscous . hindwings fuscous , sprinkled with ochreous ; veins with alternate black and white dots ; a thin dentate bluish - green subterminal line .
♀ as ♂ , but median band almost obsolete , and with prominent irregular crescentic white mark in middle of forewing , the limbs directed posteriorly .
wallacetown , in december and january . a reddish - brown larva found feeding on veronica on the 5th february pupated a few days later and emerged as a ♀ moth early in the following december . unfortunately a fuller description of the larva was not secured .
the species differs from most of its allies in its darker ground - colour , and in the ♀ the white crescentic mark is a good distinctive character .
♂ . 15–16 mm . head dark brownish - fuscous . palpi dark brownishfuscous , whitish above . antennae fuscous . thorax dark brownish - fuscous with white lateral stripe . abdomen dark brownish - fuscous . forewings , costa straight , apex obtuse , termen slightly oblique , golden brown sprinkled with white scales , densely irrorated with white in disc and along dorsum , white irroration produced as a streak from disc to apex , dorsum narrowly black from base to ⅓ a thick black central streak from base to ½ , apex obtuse , margined beneath with golden brown ; a short black streak above apex of basal streak , anteriorly tapered ; a few black scales before tornus indicating a black subterminal line : cilia dark golden brown with obscure darker line . hindwings dark brownish - fuscous ; cilia brown , paler round tornus .
♀ . forewings with white irroration extending to costa ; black streaks as in ♀ , but margined with orange : cilia grey mixed with white . hindwings , grey , paler round termen ; cilia grey .
hump ridge ( okaka ) ; fairly common at 3 , 500 ft . in december .
nearest to o . thimiastis , but differing from that species in the colour of the streaks in disc , which are white or yellow in thimiastis , black in subitus .
♂ . 26 mm . head and thorax white , with a black lateral stripe from eye to near middle of thorax . palpi moderate , white above , sides and beneath dark - brownish . antennae and abdomen grey . legs grey , anterior pair suffused with fuscous . forewings moderate , posteriorly dilated , costa almost straight , apex rounded , termen subsinuate , oblique ; white , irrorated with brownish - ochreous , costa narrowly brownish ; a thick black median streak from base of costa to almost ½ , slightly constricted near termination , apex rounded ; a thick black streak in disc above middle , irregularly sinuate , beginning before ⅓ and ending at about ⅗ in irregular dilatation ;
in of linear black dots : cilia whitish with two grey lines . hindwings shining white , ochreous round termen ; cilia white , ochreous near apex .
hump ridge ; in forest , at 3 , 000 ft . , in december ; one specimen .
easily distinguished from s . rotuella , its nearest ally , by the subterminal black strigae ; it is also broader - winged than that species .
photographer : birgit e . rhode ( or ber ) unless otherwise specified in the body of the image . images on this page are published under the cc - by 4 . 0 international licence unless otherwise specified .
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curators : konstantin efetov , vasiliy feoktistov , svyatoslav knyazev , evgeny komarov , stan korb , alexander zhakov .
species catalog enables to sort by characteristics such as expansion , flight time , etc . .
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regional ecosystem details for 8 . 11 . 9 | environment , land and water | queensland government
bailey et al . ( 2000 ) , 8hg - 11 , r - 1 - 74 , rhg - 11 ; brushe et al . ( in prep . ) , map unit c74 ; queensland herbarium ( 2008 ) hcp _ 11 , hgl _ 11
season : anytime but avoid late winter to spring . intensity : low to moderate . interval : 4 - 6 years . strategy : burn when soils are moist .
1 estimated extent is from version 10 pre - clearing and 2015 remnant regional ecosystem mapping . figures are rounded for simplicity . for more precise estimates , including breakdowns by tenure and other themes see remnant vegetation in queensland .
2 superseded : revision of the regional ecosystem classification removed this regional ecosystem code from use in version 10 re mapping . it is included in the regional ecosystem description database because the re code may appear in older versions of re mapping and regulation .
e . g . 1 . 3 . 5 where 1 is bioregion , 3 is land zone and 5 is vegetation community .
australian native plants , located in ventura , ca , is a leader in ornamental trees and shrubs for mediterranean gardens . shop the online store or come visit us ( by appointment only ) .
attractive small tree or shrub with dark grey furrowed trunk , pendulous branches and long narrow leaves . profuse scented yellow pea flowers appear in winter - spring and attract butterflies . tolerant of moderate - heavy frost ( 20 - 25f ) and prefers well - drained soils in full sun . tolerates extended dry or wet periods once established . excellent landscape plant .
these seed need pre - treament to trigger germination . pour boiling water over seed and let stand for 24 hours . seed germinates in 3 - 12 weeks . sow seed in mix 3 : 1 perlite : peat and cover the depth of the seed . keep moist until germination occurs . drench seed with a fungicide after sowing to prevent
damping off ' .
description : view a list of all the categories associated with the plants arranged in a visual design where the size of each category is determined by the number of plants associated with that category .
© 2007 - 2018 australian native plants - all rights reserved - 800 . 701 . 6517
flora observations within 160 km ( 100 miles ) of esperance , western australia .
the flowers that occur in clusters at the base of leaves , can vary from off - white to a striking deep pinky red , which are visited by both birds and insects . their main flowering period is from june to october , but they can also flower off and on from january to may particularly after summer rainfall .
there are three blogs that i manage , so if you find one with no recent posts , please try one of the others . they all deal exclusively with the flora and fauna of the esperance region of western australia , so may also be of interest . esperance wildflowers urltoken esperance fauna urltoken esperance blog urltoken
i have always been passionate about nature and for many years have lived in the bush and so been privileged to witness the private lives of indigenous wildlife and the floristic wonders of western australia ' s often unique flora . these blogs are a serious photographic record of the biota of the esperance region and will contain species i have personally photographed , conscequently it will be updated as new species are filmed or better photographs taken . should any errors be noticed , please point them out so they may be corrected . hopefully , these blogs will be used to identify the flora and fauna of the se coastal and hinterland region of western australia , or like me , just to wonder at the magic of its diversity . should you wish to contact me direct , please email : w . archer . esperance @ urltoken