hypera nigrirostris , commonly known as the lesser clover leaf weevil , is a species of weevil that is native to europe and northern africa and has been introduced to north america and japan .

both adults and larvae feed on red clover and other plants in the fabaceae family .

hypera nigrirostris

hans - martin braun added the german common name
kleiner kokonrüssler
to
hypera nigrirostris germar
.
hans - martin braun added the english common name
black - beaked green weevil
to
hypera nigrirostris germar
.
catalog record : the biology of the lesser clover leaf weevil hypera nigrirostris ( fab . ) ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) in ohio | hathi trust digital library
distribution . the main species concerned are as follows : hypera nigrirostris ( f . ) - ( clover leaf weevil ) europe , japan , canada , usa .
the biology of the lesser clover leaf weevil hypera nigrirostris ( fab . ) ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) in ohio / ralph e . sechriest and robert e . treece .
the biology of the lesser clover leaf weevil , hypera nigrirostris ( fabr . ) ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) , on red clover , trifolium pratense l . , in saskatchewan
biological control of the alfalfa weevil , hypera postica ( gyllenhal ) , in new york .
studies on the biology of the alfalfa weevil , hypera postica ( gyll . ) , in new york .
glushchenko , a . f . 1955 . hypera nigrirostris f . ( coleoptera , curculionidae ) . the pest of the clover in leningrad region . entomol . obozr . , 34 : 99 - 107 ( in russian ) .
parasites of the alfalfa weevil hypera postica ( gyllenhal ) ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) and their relative abundance in new york .
sechriest , r . e . ; treece , r . e . 1963 : the biology of the lesser clover weevil hypera nigrirostris ( fab . ) ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) in ohio . research bulletin 956 , ohio agricultural experiment station . 28 pp .
tribe hyperini genus hypera germar , 1821 [ not in n . z . ] punctata ( fabricius , 1775 ) [ not in n . z . ]
sharp , e , g . titus . 1911 . genera hypera and phytonomus in america , north of mexico . annals entomological society of america . vol iv , # 4 . december .
three little - known clover insects ; the clover - head weevil ( phytonomus meles fab . ) the lesser clover - leaf weevil ( phytonomus nigrirostris fab . ) the clover - seed weevil ( tychius picirostris fab . )
ioannisiani , t . g . 1963 . a population dynamics of the phytonomus meles f . and phytonomus nigrirostris f . on clover . zool . zhurn . , 42 ( 12 ) , 1810 - 1816 ( in russian ) .
the pest damages mainly in larval stage . larva selects the biggest apical buds and inflorescences , so its damage increases . every larva injures 3 - 4 inflorescences . in byelorussia about 6 . 6 - 88 . 5 % plants are injured on the clover fields . control measures include cutting of clover during period of high larva abundance and removal of plant residues from fields in autumn . pesticide treatment is necessary in spring on seed clover crops against hypera nigrirostris and protapion apricans concurrently after mass emergence of the beetles .
anderson , w . h . 1948b : a key to the larvae of some species of hypera germar , 1817 ( = phytonomus schoenherr , 1823 ) ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) . proceedings of the entomological society of washington 50 : 25 - 34 .
within the area of distribution , the zone of low pest damage is only established according to the extent of damaging agricultural plants . in the zone of low damage , harmfulness of h . nigrirostris is about 1 point under the 5 - points of harmfulness scale ( kopaneva et al . , 1983 ) . threshold of harmfulness on the clover seed crops is not less than 100 adults per 100 sweeps of the butterfly net or 3 - 5 adults per sq . m .
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europe , northern africa , introduced to the northern america and japan . in the former ussr , it inhabits the european part of the former ussr northward to arkhangelsk region and komi republic , the whole caucasus , the south of west and east siberia , the far east , middle asia , and kazakhstan .
monovoltine . oligophage , prefers trifolium pratense l . , t . hybridum l . , t . repens l . rarely injures alfalfa , pea , and vetch . adult gnaws holes in leaves and small pits in leafstalks and stems . adults appear in spring 10 - 12 days earlier than protapion apricans ; peak of their abundance occur in the beginning of june . about 20 % or more of population are usually infested with parasites ; e . g . , dibrachoides dynastes forst . , anaphes iole gir . , bathyplectes sp . , microbracon sp .
dmitrieva , i . n . 2005 . fauna and ecological peculiarities of the curculionoidea ( coleoptera ) in northern forest - steppe zone of the volga region hills . monograph . cheboksary : nizhnii novgorod university , 180 p . ( in russian ) .
ioannisiani , t . g . 1972 . the weevils ( coleoptera , curculionidae ) of byelorussia . minsk : nauka i tekhnika , 352 p . ( in russian ) .
korotyaev , b . a . 1983 . family curculionidae . in : kopaneva , l . m . , ed . keys to harmful and useful insects and mites of the annual and perennial grasses and leguminous plants in the ussr . leningrad : kolos , p . 115 - 127 ( in russian ) .
zaslavskii , v . a . 1961 . review of the species of the genus phytonomus schonh . ( copeoptera , curculionidae ) in the fauna of the ussr . entomol . obozr . , 60 ( 3 ) : 625 - 635 ( in russian ) .
© 2003 - 2009 project «interactive agricultural ecological atlas of russia and neighboring countries . economic plants and their diseases , pests and weeds»
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upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
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se . canada and ne . us to mn & on ; bc ; throughout europe ( possibly introduced from there )
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nomina insecta nearctica : a check list of the insects of north america , vol . 1 : coleoptera , strepsiptera
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
edited and published by : japanese society of applied entomology and zoology produced and listed by : international academic publishing co . , ltd .
green or brown weevils about 1 inch long . larvae feed under basal leaf sheath , tunnel in stem , and feed on florets in developing flowers . mainly a pest of red and alsike clover .
bifenthrin ( bifenture ec , brigade 2ec , capture 2ec , discipline 2ec , fanfare 2ec , fanfare es , tundra ec ) at 0 . 06 to 0 . 1 lb ai / a . rei 12 hr . do not apply while bees are present . do not make more than 3 applications per crop year . allow at least 21 days between treatments . do not graze clover after application . do not cut treated clover for hay or forage . do not use harvested seed for sprouting . no part of the treated field , including seed , seed screenings , hay , forage , or stubble , may be used for human or animal feed . processed seed must be labeled . 24c sln : or - 040039 , or - 070013 , or - 170012 , id - 080011 , id - 040009 , id - 070009 , id - 060023 , id - 130004 , wa - 040027 , wa - 070015 .
chlorpyrifos ( lorsban advanced ) at 1 . 0 lb ai / a . this product is highly toxic to bees . do not apply when any clover bloom is present . do not make more than one application per crop year . rei 24 hr . do not graze clover after application . do not cut treated clover for hay or forage . do not use harvested seed for sprouting . no part of the treated field , including seed , seed screenings , hay , forage , or stubble , may be used for human or animal feed . processed seed must be labeled . 24c sln : or - 090010 . oregon only .
phosmet ( imidan 70 - w ) at 0 . 93 lb ai / a . this product is toxic to bees . do not apply when bees are present . spray weevil larvae during active feeding . do not apply more than once per season . do not graze clover after application . do not cut treated clover for hay or forage . processed seed must be labeled . 24c sln : id - 990024 . idaho only .
hollingsworth , c . s . ( ed . ) . 2018 pacific northwest insect management handbook . © oregon state university .
wear protective clothing and safety devices as recommended on the label . bathe or shower after each use .
read the pesticide label—even if you’ve used the pesticide before . follow closely the instructions on the label ( and any other directions you have ) .
be cautious when you apply pesticides . know your legal responsibility as a pesticide applicator . you may be liable for injury or damage resulting from pesticide use .
trade - name products and services are mentioned as illustrations only . this does not mean that the participating extension services endorse these products and services or that they intend to discriminate against products and services not mentioned .
green or brown weevils about 0 . 125 inch long . larvae feed under the basal leaf sheath , tunnel in the stem , and feed on florets in developing flowers . this is seldom a pest . when it is in an area , it seems to prefer red and alsike clover .
malathion ( drexel malathion 5ec ) at 1 . 25 lb ai / a . phi 0 days . limit 2 treatments per cutting . retreatment interval 14 days . rei 12 hr .
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psilonyx annulatus 18s ribosomal rna gene , partial sequence . ( endopterygota , diptera , brachycera , asilomorpha , asiloidea , asilidae , leptogastrinae , psilonyx )
efferia nemoralis 18s ribosomal rna gene , partial sequence . ( endopterygota , diptera , brachycera , asilomorpha , asiloidea , asilidae , apocleinae , efferia )
xylonaeus sp . msc - 2001 18s ribosomal rna gene , partial sequence . ( endopterygota , coleoptera , polyphaga < coleoptera > , staphyliniformia , histeroidea , histeridae , trypanaeinae , xylonaeus )
silpha sp . apv - 2001 small subunit ribosomal rna gene , partial sequence . ( endopterygota , coleoptera , polyphaga < coleoptera > , staphyliniformia , staphylinoidea , silphidae , silphinae , silpha )
cheironitis hoplosternus 18s ribosomal rna gene , partial sequence . ( endopterygota , coleoptera , polyphaga < coleoptera > , scarabaeiformia , scarabaeoidea , scarabaeidae , scarabaeinae , cheironitis )
omophron obliteratum 18s ribosomal rna gene , complete sequence . ( endopterygota , coleoptera , adephaga , carabidae , omophroninae , omophronini , omophron )
tachyporinae gen . sp . tjh2004 18s ribosomal rna gene , partial sequence . ( endopterygota , coleoptera , polyphaga < coleoptera > , staphyliniformia , staphylinoidea , staphylinidae , tachyporine group , tachyporinae , unclassified tachyporinae )
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it is created on materials of the map with scale 1 : 33 000 000 on the basis of information taken from literature and by the analysis of the collections of the zoological institute , russian academy of sciences .
. alber . s equal conica for the ussr . , 9 , 1001 , 7 , 100 , 0 , 44 , 68 , 0 , 0
vector map , which consists of 2 thematic layers . area of distribution and zone of damage are shown by polygons .
baitenov , m . s . 1974 . the weevils ( coleoptera : attelabidae , curculionidae ) of the middle asia and kazakhstan . alma - ata : nauka , 286 p . ( in russian ) .
collection of the zoological institute of the russian academy of science , st . petersburg , russia .
dmitrieva , i . n . 2005 . fauna and ecological peculiarities of the curculionoidea ( coleoptera ) in the north part of forest - steppe zone of the volga region hills . monograph . cheboksary : nizhnii novgorod university : 180 ( in russian ) .
egorov , a . b . & basarukina , t . f . 1981 . materials on weevils ( coleoptera , curculionidae ) of southern sakhalin . in : korotyaev , b . a . , ed . morphology and systematics of insects of the far east . proceedings of the zool . inst . ( 92 ) . leningrad . p . 24 - 37 . ( in russian ) .
legalov , a . a . & opanasenko , f . i . 2000 . a review of the beetles of supefamily curculionoidea ( coleoptera ) in the fauna of novosibirsk region / / entomol . obozr . 79 ( 2 ) : 375 - 396 ( in russian ) .
makarov , a . m . & shorokhov , v . v . 1986 . about fauna and ecology of the weevils ( coleoptera , curculionidae ) of the
kivach
reserve . fauna and ecology of karelian arthropods . petrozavodsk : 60 - 74 ( in russian ) .
polyakov , i . ya . , kopaneva , l . m . & kandybina , m . n . 1984 . number and distribution of pests and entomophages on the annual and perennial grasses and leguminous plants in different agricultural zones of the ussr . in : kopaneva , l . m . , ed . keys to harmful and useful insects and ticks on the annual and perennial grasses and leguminous plants in the ussr . leningrad : kolos . p . 6 - 38 ( in russian ) .
sedykh , k . f . 1974 . fauna of the komi assr . invertebrata . syktyvkar : komi knizhnoe izdat . 191 p . ( in russian ) .
shurovenkov , yu . b . & chenkin , a . f . , eds . 1984 . recommendations on counts and identification of pests and diseases of agricultural plants . voronezh : vniizr , 274 p . ( in russian ) .
zaslavskii , v . a . 1961 . a review of the genus phytonomus schonh . ( copeoptera , curculionidae ) in the fauna of the ussr . entomol . obozr . 60 ( 3 ) : 625 - 635 ( in russian ) .
all rights reserved . copyright 2006 © g . e . david ' yan & m . i . saulich ( vector map , description ) .
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, musil ( 1963 ) wrote a descriptive key to seeds of 32 clover spp . , including 9 of agricultural importance .
wrote that color of seed can vary with maturity , and size and shape of seed can vary , with variability in the latter based on crowding . the hilum has not been a useful structure upon which to base taxonomic distinctions . seed size , shape , and color are the most useful characters .
the attitude of the radical and its length relative to the cotyledons are useful taxonomic characters in distinguishing among trifolium spp . ( gillett , 1985 )
for most trifolium spp . , growth is limited to the cool part of the year ; species that perform as perennials in the northern united states may behave as winter annuals in the southeast ( taylor , 1985 )
trifolium spp . inhabit the temperate regions of the world ; some are native to north america , but most of agricultural interest were introduced from europe . from sixty to 65 species of trifolium are from the american center of diversity , 150 - 160 from the eurasian , and 25 - 30 from the african ( south of the sahara ) ( taylor , 1985 )
spp . inhabit temperate regions of the world and require a cool , moist climate , or their growth is confined to seasons where such weather conditions prevail .
, fertilization at planting time should depend on the previous history of the field and the available soil phosphorus . the latter can be determined in a commercial soil - testing laboratory by the sodium bicarbonate - extraction soil test . if the field has not been previously fertilized or the phosphorus is less than 5 ppm , apply about 500 pounds single superphosphate per acre , to supply both phosphorus and readily available sulfur . where soil tests show more than 5 ppm phosphorus , less fertilizer may be used . additional nitrogen increases competition from grass species in newly - seeded pastures and reduces nitrogen fixation .
many grasslands show phosphorus deficiencies . clover plants growing without sufficient phosphorus are small , with small , dark - green leaves . soil phosphorus levels are rated as very low ( 5 ppm ) ; low ( 5 to 10 ppm ) ; intermediate ( 10 to 20 ppm ) ; and high ( over 20 ppm ) . based on those ratings , fertilizer should be applied as follows :
available soil p amt . single superphosphate ( ppm ) or equivalent ( lb / a ) less than 5 500 every third year 5 - 10 250 every third year 10 or over 100 every second year after two or three heavy applications on low - phosphorus soils , only maintenance amounts should be required . if soil phosphorus is high , light applications every second year increase clover production by replacing phosphorus and sulfur removed by grazing ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
single superphosphate also supplies sufficient sulfur ( about 12 % ) except where rainfall is greater than 30 inches . in wet areas , apply about 50 lbs / acre of sulfur in alternate years . if a high percentage of the sulfur will not pass through a 50 - mesh screen , use from 100 to 200 lbs / acre . the larger particles will last longer . after the first year , the clover can be more heavily grazed if the soil phosphorus and sulfur supplies are adequate ( murphy et . al , 1976 )
clover rhizobia require a soil ph of greater than 5 . 0 but usually less than 10 . 5 ( burton , 1985 )
. clover growth is best in the soil ph range of 6 . 0 - 7 . 0
reported that competition for sunlight is a major aspect in both intraspecific and interspecific dynamics , leading to domination of stands by clovers that express rapid regrowth or tall stature .
spp . do not grow in highly saline soils , and often are more adversely affected than are grasses . berseem , rose , and some varieties of subterranean and strawberry clovers are moderately tolerant of salintiy . alsike , red , white dutch , and ladino clovers are said to show low tolerance .
. herbicides applied before clover is seeded include eptc , benefin , and propham . prophamare can be applied after seeding but before emergence . after emergence of clover seedlings , propham , chlorpropham , and pronamide can be applied . broadleaf weeds can be reduced in seedling stands of red or ladino clovers , dinoseb or 2 , 4 - db are appropriate herbicides . in mixed stands of clovers and grasses , postemergence application to control broadleaf weeds are the only options . mcpa and amine formulations of 2 , 4 - d are useful in mixtures of alsike , ladino , or red clovers and cereals .
for most trifolium spp . , growth is limited to the cool part of the year ; species that behave as perennials in the northern united states may behave as winter annuals in the southeast ( taylor , 1985 )
seeding rates vary greatly among the trifolium spp . ( van keuren and hoveland , 1985 )
clover seed should be placed no more that 1 / 2 in deep because seeds are small and seedlings will be unable to reach the soil surface for development if buried too deeply . smooth , firm seedbeds , with few large clods , can assist in maintaining uniformly shallow seeding ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
seed clovers using an alfalfa drill or disk to prepare seedbed , broadcast seed , and use cultipacker or ringroller to incorporate seed ( bugg , pers . comm . ) . as recounted by murphy et al . ( 1976 )
seeding by early october , even into dry soil , leads to better establishment than november seedings . cold reduces growth , and frost heave can push small clover plants out of the ground . clovers compete best if they start growing simultaneously with resident annual plants ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
clovers ( trifolium spp . ) should be inoculated with rhizobium trifolii ( nitragin inoculant types
b
,
r
,
o
, or
wr
depending on the species of clover ) ( nitragin company , inc . , no date )
in the united states , most seed for trifolium spp . is produced in the northwest ( taylor , 1985 )
wrote that seed should contain less than 10 % moisture if storage is to be for 1 year or longer . moist seed lose viability rapidly . rodents and other pests should , of course , be excluded .
trifolium spp . are annual or perennial forbs ; growth habit varies greatly among the various species ( bugg , pers . comm . )
maximum height varies greatly among the various trifolium spp . ( bugg , pers . comm . )
most trifolium spp . have simple taproots ; some also have stolons or rhizomes that extend the life of the plant . the heavy root systems of clovers improve soil tilth and life , increase water - holding capacity , and deepen the soil to enhance drainage ( taylor , 1985 )
the first year following seeding is critical for a clover stand . the stand should produce abundant seed to ensure perpetuation of the stand . weed competition can be reduced through good seedbed preparation ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
established clover does best when closely , continually grazed ; this practice reduces rank growth and limits the number of foxtail and other grasses which can increase as soil n increases under clover ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
. proper grazing and fertilization ensure self - perpetuating stands of adapted clovers . clover pasture can be rotated with two successive crops of cereal grain or hay and then reseeded to clovers
clovers grow better when mowed to 3 to 6 inches . grasses tend to dominate if mowed to 6 - 12 inches ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
. subclovers can be mown closely through the spring , whereas mowing of rose and crimson clover should cease when flower heads appear , to promote reseeding ( c . a . ingels , pers . comm . ) .
most trifolium spp . can be incorporated by disking or other standard methods of incorporation .
the following account is from bugg ( pers . comm . ) the usual range of implements for managing forage and green manure crops applies . mowing equipment includes sickle - bar , rotary , and flail mowers . appropriate tillage implements include disk , spring - toot , and spike - tooth harrows as well as power spaders . combines are used for seed harvest .
in new york found that yield of cereal rye was less affected by living mulch of white clover , ' ladino ' clover , or red clover than of crown vetch , birdsfoot trefoil or alfalfa .
clover above - ground dry biomass yields reported by bugg et al . ( 1996 )
in hopland , mendocino county , during may following october seeding were ( mean + / - s . e . m . , mg / ha ) : berseem clover ( ' bigbee ' ) 8 . 5 + / - 0 . 8 ; crimson clover ( ' flame ' ) 8 . 5 + / - 1 . 5 ; rose clover ( ' hykon ' ) 6 . 2 + / - 1 . 7 ; ' koala ' subclover , 9 . 7 + / - 1 . 6 ; ' mt . barker ' subclover 7 . 6 + / - 0 . 9 ; ' seaton park ' subclover 6 . 8 + / - 0 . 4 ; ' dalkeith ' subclover 5 . 1 + / - 1 . 8 ; ' trikkala ' subclover 8 . 3 + / - 1 . 4 ; strawberry clover ( ' salina ' ) 1 . 9 + / - 0 . 6 ; and white + strawberry clovers 3 . 9 + / - 0 . 9 .
l . ) cultivars ' br - 1 - bage ' , ' regal ' , ' jacul ' , and ' gualba . ' the new varieties of white clover appeared promising . the native clovers showed low dry matter yield , but good quality , and appeared not to be cyanogenic .
n contribution varies greatly among the trifolium spp . ( bugg , pers . comm . ) .
non - n nutrient contributions are poorly investigated among the trifolium spp . ( bugg , pers . comm . ) .
spp . have widely - varying phenologies , rooting depths , water - use patterns , and drought tolerances ( bugg , pers . comm . ) .
wrote that forage crops like clovers protect soil from rain damage and reduce runoff , erosion , and pollution of surface waters .
clovers confer many benefits to soils . based on the account by taylor ( 1985 )
, the heavy root systems of clover : ( 1 ) make the soil mellow and supportive of root growth of succeeding plants ; ( 2 ) enhance soil microbial life ; ( 3 ) increase soil water - holding capacity ; ( 4 ) reduce wind and water erosion of light soils and the baking of heavy soils ; ( 5 ) increase soil permeability .
also wrote that forage crops like clovers protect soil from rain damage and reduce runoff , erosion , and pollution of surface waters .
wrote that clovers contain from 60 - 80 % ( weight / weight ) digestible dry matter .
wrote that clover pasturage is beneficial for dairy and beef cattle and for horses . clovers can also be used for hay , silage , and soilage
insects can cause periodic local damage but do not usually eliminate the legume attacked ; chemical control is usually impractical . in spring , various phytophagous mites can cause severe local damage . along the sierra foothills , a small leaftier caterpillar ties the folded clover leaf together with a web and lives inside , feeding on the leaf . larvae of alfalfa weevil and clover leaf weevil ( green , legless , and about 1 / 2 inch long ) damage growing tips and young leaves in late spring ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
, clovers are afflicted with several diseases , including : ( 1 ) internal breakdown , a physiogenic disease that involves the deterioration of pith in the upper crown region ; ( 2 ) 15 major diseases caused by fungal pathogens or complexes thereof ; and ( 3 ) 15 diseases of minor importance , including those caused by fungal and bacterial pathogens .
detailed several important diseases of clovers . the causal agents of damping - off disease are the common soil - borne fungi
spp . these usually attack young plants below the soil line , invade plant cells , and kill seedlings rapidly . seed treatment does not protect small - seeded legumes ; varietial and specific susceptibility varies .
pepper spot ( causal agent the fungus pseudoplea trifolii ) is common on clovers during february and march . symptoms include black spots on leaflets and petioles . severe infection causes the leaves to turn yellow , then brown , and the dead tissue is dotted with tiny black fruiting bodies of the fungus ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
grazing keeps the faster - growing weeds and grasses from overtopping clover . ideally , a new field should be kept grazed to about 3 inches until seed heads appear on the annual grasses . thereafter , livestock feed selectively on clovers and should be removed from the range until clover seeds have matured ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
field mice , kangaroo rats , and birds may deplete clover seed , threatening stand maintenance . broadcast seeding without subsequent incorporation exposes seed to these seminivorous pests . gophers and ground squirrels also destroy established plants . trapping and baiting are sometimes worthwhile , but control of birds and insects is generally not possible ( murphy et al . , 1976 )
catalog record : the biology of the lesser clover leaf weevil . . . | hathi trust digital library
the role of systemic insecticides in the control of insect pests of woody ornamental plants .
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lixophaga townsend , 1908 : 86 . type species : lixophaga parva townsend , 1908 , by original designation . euzenillia townsend , 1911a : 148 ( spelled euzenilla by townsend , 1912a : 111 , in error ) . type species : euzenillia aurea townsend , 1911 ( = hypostena variabilis coquillett , 1895 ) , by monotypy . urophyllopsis townsend , 1916a : 625 . type species : admontia retiniae coquillett , 1897 , by original designation . euzenilliopsis townsend , 1916h : 76 . type species : euzenilliopsis diatraeae townsend , 1916 , by original designation . phrynofrontina townsend , 1919c : 579 . type species : phrynofrontina convexa townsend , 1919 ( = sturmia discalis coquillett , 1902 ) , by original designation . erycioides curran , 1930b : 103 . type species : erycioides thoracica curran , 1930 , by original designation . prolixophaga townsend , 1934 : 404 . type species : lixophaga plumbea aldrich , 1925 , by original designation . messiomyia reinhard , 1955d : 124 . type species : messiomyia triconis reinhard , 1955 , by original designation .
alberta ( curran , 1925 ) . – alberta ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , ontario , québec ( cnc ) . – hypostena alberta curran , 1925a : 154 . type data : holotype male ( cnc ) . type locality : canada , alberta , slave lake .
diatraeae ( townsend , 1916 ) . – neotropical , cuba ; introduced and established in florida ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , texas , georgia ( cnc ) . – euzenilliopsis diatraeae townsend , 1916h : 76 . type data : holotype male ( usnm ) . type locality : cuba ( not louisiana as published ) . type host : diatraea saccharalis ( fabricius ) , pyralidae .
diatraea canella hampson , diatraea crambidoides ( grote ) , diatraea saccharalis ( fabricius ) , diatraea spp . , zeadiatraea lineolata ( walker )
discalis ( coquillett , 1902 ) . – minnesota to maine , south to georgia , also alberta , utah ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , yukon , british columbia , new brunswick , nova scotia ( cnc ) . – sturmia discalis coquillett , 1902b : 114 . type data : holotype female ( usnm ) . type locality : usa , wisconsin . – phrynofrontina convexa townsend , 1919c : 580 . type data : holotype male ( usnm ) . type locality : usa , maryland , chain bridge . – nearchus ningulus reinhard , 1964b : 47 . type data : holotype female ( cnc ) . type locality : usa , utah , beaver .
fasciata curran , 1930 . – michigan , ohio , new york ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , new mexico , ontario , québec ( cnc ) , west virginia , virginia ( wvu ) . – lixophaga fasciata curran , 1930b : 100 . type data : lectotype male ( amnh ) , by designation of arnaud , 1963c : 120 . type locality : usa , new york , tuxedo , station for the study of insects .
hosts from arnaud ( 1978 : 345 ) for sp . near fasciata curran *
impatiens ( curran , 1925 ) . – manitoba ( s & a ; , 1965 ) . – hypostena impatiens curran , 1925a : 154 . type data : holotype male ( cnc ) . type locality : canada , manitoba , teulon .
jennei aldrich , 1926 . – arkansas , louisiana , florida ( s & a ; , 1965 ) . – lixophaga jennei aldrich , 1926e : 18 . type data : holotype male ( usnm ) . type locality : usa , arkansas , siloam springs . type host : cydia pomonella ( linnaeus ) [ published as carpocapsa pomonella ] , tortricidae .
mediocris aldrich , 1925 . – illinois to new jersey , south to mississippi and florida ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , california ( cnc ) . – lixophaga mediocris aldrich , 1925c : 136 . type data : holotype male ( usnm ) . type locality : usa , virginia , east falls church . type host : rhyacionia frustrana ( comstock ) , tortricidae .
opaca reinhard , 1945 . – washington , alberta , wyoming , michigan , québec ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , saskatchewan , new brunswick ( cnc ) , west virginia ( wvu ) . – lixophaga opaca reinhard , 1945 : 30 ( junior secondary homonym of anisia opaca van der wulp , 1890 ; not renamed by wood , 1985 : 54 , pending a revision of lixophaga ) . type data : holotype male ( cnc ) . type locality : usa , washington , blewett .
orbitalis aldrich , 1926 . – california ( s & a ; , 1965 ) . – lixophaga orbitalis aldrich , 1926e : 17 . type data : holotype male ( usnm ) . type locality : usa , california , saticoy . type host : cydia pomonella ( linnaeus ) [ published as carpocapsa pomonella ] , tortricidae .
parva townsend , 1908 . – texas ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , ohio ( cnc ) . – lixophaga parva townsend , 1908 : 86 . type data : holotype male ( usnm ) . type locality : usa , texas , dallas . type host : lixus scrobicollis boheman , curculionidae .
plumbea aldrich , 1925 . – utah to ontario and connecticut , south to arizona and florida ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , british columbia , california , wyoming , manitoba , south dakota ( cnc ) . – lixophaga plumbea aldrich , 1925c : 134 . type data : holotype male ( usnm ) . type locality : usa , virginia , east falls church . type host : rhyacionia frustrana ( comstock ) , tortricidae .
retiniae ( coquillett , 1897 ) . – oregon , california ( s & a ; , 1965 ) . – admontia retiniae coquillett , 1897 : 54 ( also subsequently spelled retinae , in error ) . type data : holotype male ( usnm ) ( type series comprises 1 male and 1 female on same pin , not 2 males as cited in original description ) . type locality : usa , california , alameda . type host : rhyacionia sp . [ published as retinia sp . ] , tortricidae .
thoracica ( curran , 1930 ) . – new york ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , québec ( cnc ) . – erycioides thoracica curran , 1930b : 103 . type data : holotype male ( amnh ) . type locality : usa , new york , tuxedo , station for the study of insects .
triconis ( reinhard , 1955 ) . – texas ( s & a ; , 1965 ) . – messiomyia triconis reinhard , 1955d : 125 . type data : holotype male ( cnc ) . type locality : usa , texas .
unicolor ( smith , 1917 ) . – montana , new mexico , new york , labrador , maine , new hampshire , massachusetts , connecticut ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , yukon , washington , oregon , british columbia to newfoundland and nova scotia , ohio , vermont ( cnc ) , west virginia ( wvu ) . – pilatea unicolor smith , 1917b : 137 . type data : lectotype male ( mcz ) , by designation of wood , 1985 : 103 ( though a holotype was designated in the original description , it was apparently not labelled as such in mcz ) . type locality : usa , maine , orr ' s island . – lixophaga nigribasis curran , 1930b : 100 . type data : holotype male ( amnh ) . type locality : usa , new york , tuxedo , station for the study of insects .
variabilis ( coquillett , 1895 ) . – manitoba to maine , south to texas and florida , also british columbia , california ( s & a ; , 1965 ) , alberta , new brunswick ( cnc ) . – hypostena variabilis coquillett , 1895c : 57 . type data : lectotype female ( usnm ) , by fixation of coquillett , 1897 : 62 ( statement
from the type specimen
is regarded as a lectotype fixation ) ; also by designation of wood , 1985 : 100 . type locality : usa , illinois , algonquin . – euzenillia aurea townsend , 1911a : 148 . type data : holotype female ( usnm ) . type locality : usa , massachusetts , melrose highlands .
desmia funeralis ( hübner ) , homoeosoma electellum ( hulst ) , loxostege similalis ( guenée ) , ostrinia nubilalis ( hübner ) , ostrinia penitalis ( grote ) , ostrinia spp . ( including 0 . obliteralis ( walker ) or 0 . penitalis ( grote ) )
hosts from arnaud ( 1978 : 354 ) for sp . near variabilis ( coquillett ) *
hosts from arnaud ( 1978 : 433 ) for lixophaga spp . , as phrynofrontina spp . *
arnaud , p . h . , jr . 1978 . a host - parasite catalog of north american tachinidae ( diptera ) . united states department of agriculture . miscellaneous publication 1319 : 1–860 .
* host names ( family and species ) have not been changed from those given in arnaud ( 1978 ) . each host is listed under the appropriate current tachinid name , with the tachinid name used in arnaud ( 1978 ) cited if different from the current one . for more information about arnaud ( 1978 ) , and to see a complete list of tachinid names used in that work and their modern equivalents , click here .
first published on the internet on 8 july 2009 last update : 22 october 2013 web page design by j . e . o ' hara web page construction by s . j . henderson
dry beans east of the cascades - phaseolus spp . ( field bean , kidney , lima , navy , and pinto )
damage . larvae feed exposed on the tips of foliage at night , eating huds and stem tips , and also the leaf lamina . flower hud destruction is important in seed crops . adults make small feeding holes in the leaves .
pest status . serious pests of forage legumes in temperate regions ; injury usually most severe in dry seasons .
life history . eggs are laid in the spring in holes eaten in the stems or huds hy the females ; from 10 eggs are laid per cavity , and each female lays from 200 - 800 eggs . some species lay only 200 - 300 eggs and these are usually laid singly . incubation takes 2 - 3 weeks .
the hatching larvae feed in situ inside the stem for 3—4 days , then they move to the shoot tips where they feed concealed in the folded leaflets and buds . later they tend to feed on the opened leaves and may eat all the lamina except for the main veins . larval development takes 20 - 60 days , when a size of 2 - 3 mm is reached ; body colour is generally greenish .
pupation takes place in a spun cocoon either in the foliage or else in the sod ; development takes about three weeks .
young adults emerge and then feed on the foliage for a while before hibernating in a sheltered location . in the spring the adults become active in march and april ( in europe ) and feed on the foliage for a time before laying eggs . the adult is a small weevil , some 3 - 6 mm in length , greyish - brown in colour with distinctive longitudinal striping ; the snout is rather short .
h . postica ( gyll . ) - ( alfalfa weevil ) europe , asia , n . africa , canada and usa ( cie map nos . a . 304 and 456 ) .
h . punctata ( f . ) - ( trefoil leaf weevil ) europe , canada , usa .
h . meles ( e . ) - ( clover head weevil ) canada and usa .
control . in canada these weevils are quite heavily parasitized and also attacked by a fungus that appears to be of importance in regulating numbers .
the most successful insecticide has been ddt as a heavy spray about 10 - 14 days after the first cut and before the flower buds appear .
( alternative ) . other species of ipomea and a wide range of other plants .
larvae damage the roots of tobacco , maize , sugarcane , upland rice , etc .
damage adults eat notches out of the leaf margin , and occasionally defoliate young bushes . larvae in the soil eat living plant roots .
pest status a common and widespread pest in s . e . asia and india on several different crops , but seldom serious ; larval damage to plant roots is usually difficult to assess .
life history the larvae live in the soil and feed on living plant roots , and pupation takes place in the soil .
adults are broad - nosed weevils anout 10 - 15 mm long , greyish in colour and with the body surface covered with a fine golden - green ‘dust’ . the colour is imparted by tiny flattened circular iridescent setae . adults are long - lived .
in most parts of the world there are different broad - nosed weevils that inflict almost identical damage on the foliage of their host plants by eating notches out of the edge of the leaf lamina . in all cases this damage is done by the adults and in most cases the larvae live in the soil and eat plant roots . these weevils include hypomeces spp . in s . e . asia , myllocerus spp . in india , systates spp . in africa , and sitona spp . in europe and n . america , etc .
distribution eound throughout india and s . e . asia , and the philippines , but very similar species occur as mentioned above . control generally control is not required , but if it should be then the recommendations for chafer control could be applied . a larger species ( 17 - 18 mm ) is found in indonesia { h . inflatus ) on maize , cotton , groundnut , etc .
fig . 9 . 208 . hypomeces squamosus ( gold - dust weevil ) ; s . china .
we thank mataame abderrahmane ( institute scientifique , rabat , morocco ) for carrying out the moroccan weevil collection and sorting ; glen warren and richard faulder ( yanco , nsw , australia ) for sample collection and sorting ; stephen goldson ( agresearch , nz ) for valuable comments and discussion on an earlier draft of the paper . bipb , dmb and cmf were funded by new zealand’s foundation for research , science & technology through contract co2x0501 , better border biosecurity (
) ; cjv was funded by new zealand’s foundation for research , science & technology through contract linx0304 , ecosystems bioprotection .
loan ( hymenoptera : braconidae : euphorinae ) . contrib am entomol inst 20 : 329–335
alonso - zarazaga ma , lyal chc ( 1999 ) a world catalogue of families and genera of curculionoidea ( insecta : coleoptera ) . entomopraxis , barcelona , spain , pp 315
parasitoids and new zealand weevils : comparing laboratory estimates of host ranges to realized host ranges . in : van driesche rg , reardon r ( eds ) assessing host ranges for parasitoids and predators used for classical biological control : a guide to best practice . usda forest service , morgantown , usa , pp 103–120
loan ( hymenoptera : braconidae ) and parasitoid development in natural and novel host species . bull entomol res 91 : 245–253
l . ) establishment in tussock grassland . nz j agric res 38 : 511–518
( hymenoptera : braconidae ) compared with field parasitism in new zealand . environ entomol 26 : 694–702
barratt bip , berndt la , dodd sl , ferguson cm , hill rh , kean jm , teulon daj , withers tm ( 2007a ) . birea—biocontrol information resource for erma new zealand applicants .
loan ( hymenoptera : braconidae ) over an altitude gradient . environ entomol 36 : 826–839
bigler f , bale js , cock mjw , dreyer h , greatrex u , kuhlmann u , loomans ajm , van lenteren jc ( 2005 ) guidelines on information requirements for import and release of invertebrate biological control agents in european countries . bioc news info 26 : 115n–123n
bremner g ( 1988 ) ecological studies of the insect fauna of the east otago plateau thesis . phd thesis , university of otago , new zealand
gyllenhal ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) in south eastern australia . j austr entomol soc 21 : 279–284
day wh ( 1999 ) host preferences of introduced and native parasites ( hymenoptera : braconidae ) of phytophagous plant bugs ( hemiptera : miridae ) in alfalfa - grass fields in the northeastern usa . biocontrol 44 : 249–261
food and agriculture organisation ( 1996 ) code of conduct for the import and release of exotic biological control agents . food and agriculture organisation , rome , italy
: initial evaluation and subsequent ecological impacts in north america . in : wajnberg e , scott , jk , quimby , pc ( eds ) evaluating indirect ecological effects of biological control . cabi , wallingford , uk , pp 147–183
gyllenhal ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) , an introduced pest of new zealand lucerne . bull entomol res 74 : 249–259
spp . ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) , with special emphasis on atypical behaviour . j appl ecol 27 : 703–722
goolsby ja , van klinken rd , palmer wa ( 2006 ) maximizing the contribution of native - range studies towards the identification and prioritization of weed biological control agents ( special issue : agent selection in weed biocontrol ) . aust j entomol 45 : 276–286
in south australia . in : lee ke ( ed ) proceedings of the 3rd australasian conference on grassland invertebrate ecology . csiro , adelaide , australia , pp 177–182
hundsdörfer ak , rheinheimer j , wink m ( 2009 ) towards the phylogeny of the curculionoidea ( coleoptera ) : reconstructions from mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal dna sequences . zool anz 248 : 9–31
kuhlmann u , mason pg ( 2003 ) use of field host range surveys for selecting candidate non - target species for physiological host specificity testing of entomophagous biological control agents . in : van driesche r ( ed ) international symposium on biological control of arthropods . usda , forest service honolulu , hawaii , usa , pp 370–377
kuhlmann u , schaffner u , mason pg ( 2006 ) selection of non - target species for host specificity testing . in : bigler f , babendreier d , kuhlmann u ( eds ) environmental impact of invertebrates for biological control of arthropods : methods and risk assessment . cabi , wallinford , uk , pp 15–37
. in : follett pa , duan jj ( eds ) nontarget effects of biological control introductions . kluwer , norwell , usa , pp 213–243
marvaldi ae ( 1997 ) higher level phylogeny of curculionidae ( coleoptera : curculionoidea ) based mainly on larval characters , with special reference to broad - nosed weevils . cladistics 13 : 285–312
marvaldi ae ( 1998 ) larvae of entiminae ( coleoptera : curculionidae ) : tribal diagnoses and phylogenetic key , with a proposal about natural groups within entimini . entomol scand 29 : 89–98
marvaldi ae , lanteri aa , del río mg , oberprieler rg ( in press ) entiminae schoenherr 1823 . in : beutel rg , leschen rab ( eds ) handbook of zoology vol iv , part 38 , coleoptera , beetles , vol 3 : morphology and systematics (
spp . ( hemiptera : miridae ) in north america . biol control 57 : 94–102
mckenna dm , sequeira as , marvaldi ae , farrell bd ( 2009 ) temporal lags and overlap in the diversification of weevils and flowering plants . proc nat acad sci 106 : 7083–7088
morimoto k ( 1962 ) key to families , subfamilies , tribes and genera of the superfamily curculionoidea of japan excluding scolytidae , platypodidae and cossoninae ( comparative morphology , phylogeny and systematics of the superfamily curculionoidea of japan . iii ) . j fac agric kyushu univ 12 : 21–66
morris mg ( 2002 ) true weevils ( part i ) : family curculionidae , subfamilies raymondionyminae to smicronychinae . field studies council , london , uk
( hymenoptera : braconidae ) means for foreign exploration for natural enemies . mol phylogenet evol 49 : 467–476
sheppard a , haines ml , thomann t ( 2006 ) native - range research assists risk analysis for non - targets in weed biological control : the cautionary tale of the broom seed beetle . aust j entomol 45 : 292–297
, a parasitoid of the sitona weevil in new zealand . in : popay aj ( ed ) proc 40th nz weed and pest contr conf . nz weed pest contr soc , quality inn , nelson , new zealand , pp 31–32
thompson rt ( 1992 ) observations on the morphology and classification of weevils ( coleoptera , curculionidae ) with a key to major groups . j nat hist 26 : 835–891
velazquez de castro aj , alonso - zarazaga ma , outerelo r ( 2007 ) systematics of sitonini ( coleoptera : curculionidae : entiminae ) , with a hypothesis on the evolution of feeding habits . syst entomol 32 : 312–331
spice our understanding of genetic variation in this internationally important braconid parasitoid of adult weevils . biocontrol ( in press )
zherikhin vv , egorov ab ( 1991 ) weevils ( coleoptera , curculionidae ) of the u . s . s . r . far east ( a review of the subfamilies with description of new taxa ) . biological - pedological institute , vladivostok , russia
journal : canadian entomologist / publication year : 1993 / source : 1993 v . 125 no . 5 - pubag search results
assessing the susceptibility of white fir to the fir engraver , scolytus ventralis lec . ( coleoptera : scolytidae ) , using fungal inoculation
behavior of the gypsy moth predator , calosoma sycophanta l . ( carabidae : coleoptera ) , as influenced by time of day and reproductive status
dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in horn fly , haematobia irritans ( l . ) ( diptera : muscidae ) , populations on tagged and untagged cattle in manitoba
individual variability of the flight potential of ips sexdentatus boern . ( coleoptera : scolytidae ) in relation to day of emergence , sex , size , and lipid content
relationship between pterin accumulation and ovarian development in the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans ( l . ) ( diptera : muscidae )
the effect of spring burning of seed alfalfa fields on leaf characteristics and on mandibular wear of female leafcutter bees [ megachile rotundata ( f . ) ] ( hymenoptera : megachilidae )
wounds and injuries ; sinapis alba ; brassica napus ; brassica rapa subsp . campestris ; phyllotreta cruciferae ; pest resistance ; feeding behavior
larvae feed externally on the plants , and resemble small green caterpillars . pupation takes place in a globular cocoon , often with mesh - like walls .
american beetles , volume ii : polyphaga : scarabaeoidea through curculionoidea arnett , r . h . , jr . , m . c . thomas , p . e . skelley and j . h . frank . ( eds . ) . 2002 . crc press llc , boca raton , fl .
an overview is presented of the larvae of superfamily curculionoidea . their systematic arrangement follows a new ' scheme ' ( g . kuschel , 1995 ) wherein the number of families worldwide is reduced to 6 and the number of subfamilies to 21 . the data matrix underpinning this scheme includes biological and morphological character - states of larvae as well as adult weevils . in the present study an annotated list of larval character - states is given . representative genera of all families , and of the subfamilies of curculionidae , the largest group , are diagnosed , keyed , and illustrated . of the 107 species reviewed , 85 occur in new zealand ( 60 endemic , 25 introduced ) and 22 are exotic . these latter are included for the sake of continuity or because their position is transitional .
kuschel , g . 1995 . a phylogenetic classification of curculionoidea to families and subfamilies . memoirs of the entomological society of washington 14 : 5 - 33 .
note . this is not a comprehensive list of the curculionoidea known as larvae from new zealand . it covers only those species described in this work as representatives of family - group taxa . only genera and species listed in italic bold typeface in the checklist occur in new zealand .
family nemonychidae subfamily nemonychinae genus nemonyx redtenbacher , 1845 [ not in n . z . ] lepturoides ( fabricius , 1801 ) [ not in n . z . ]
subfamily doydirhynchinae genus cimberis des gozis , 1881 [ not in n . z . ] comptus ( leconte , 1876 ) [ not in n . z . ] pilosus ( leconte , 1876 ) [ not in n . z . ]
subfamily rhinorhynchinae tribe rhinorhynchini genus rhinorhynchus sharp , 1882 rufulus ( broun , 1880 ) sp . indet . [ not in n . z . ]
tribe rhynchitomacerini genus rhynchitomacer voss , 1937 [ not in n . z . ] rufus kuschel , 1954 [ not in n . z . ]
tribe mecomacerini genus mecomacer kuschel , 1954 [ not in n . z . ] scambus kuschel , 1954 [ not in n . z . ]


dacryphanes cyanastra is a moth in the eriocottidae family .

it was described by meyrick in 1907 .

it is found in india .

the moth is 15-18 mm .

the forewings are dark fuscous with six indeterminate groups of blue-metallic or violet-metallic dots , sometimes surrounded by an indefinite cloudy paler suffusion .

the hindwings are rather dark bronzy-fuscous , darker towards apex .

dacryphanes cyanastra

this is the place for dacryphanes definition . you find here dacryphanes meaning , synonyms of dacryphanes and images for dacryphanes copyright 2017 © urltoken
type - species : dacryphanes cyanastra meyrick , 1907 . j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 : 154 . [ bhl ]
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word dacryphanes . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word dacryphanes and , of course , dacryphanes synonyms and on the right images related to the word dacryphanes .
according to robinson ( pers . com . ) dacryphanes meyrick , 1907 belongs in the eriocottidae : eriocottinae .
genus : dacryphanes meyrick , 1907 . j . bombay nat . hist . soc . 18 : 154 . [ bhl ]
dacryphanes meyrick , 1907 was treated in the tineidae in nye and fletcher 1991 , 6 : 87 . dacryphanes has subsequently been referred from the tineidae to the eriocottidae by robinson & tuck , 1996 , occasional papers on systematic entomology 9 : 16 .
v . 18 ( 1907 - 1908 ) - the journal of the bombay natural history society . - biodiversity heritage library
the moths of india . supplementary paper to the volumes in
the fauna of british india .
ser . iii , pt . x
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to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
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this is a list of moths of the families epermeniidae , eriocottidae , tineidae and tischeriidae that are found in india . it also acts as an index to the species articles and forms part of the full list of moths of india .
meyrick , 1908 . xxxix . new micro - lepidoptera from india and burma . - rec . ind . mus . 2 : 396
meyrick , e . ( 1910 ) . xxii . notes and descriptions of indian micro - lepidoptera .
fletcher & meyrick , 1924 . records of the indian museum , vol . xxvi , part i : 113 - 114
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scrobipalpa hoenei is a moth in the gelechiidae family .

it was described by bidzilya and li in 2010 .

it is found in china ( yunnan ) .

the wingspan is about 12.5 mm .

the forewings are light grey , mottled black , especially along the costal margin .

there are two small black spots at the base of the cell and an indistinct black dot at the corner of the cell , as well as a diffused ochreous spot at one-third .

the hindwings are light grey .

adults are on wing in june .

scrobipalpa hoenei

scrobipalpa flavinerva bidzilya & li , 2010 , sp . n . - plazi treatmentbank
scrobipalpa ochrostigma bidzilya & li , 2010 , sp . n . - plazi treatmentbank
figures 9–16 . adults of scrobipalpa spp . 9 , s . nigripuncta sp . n . ( ht ) ; 10 , s . strictella sp . n . ( ht ) ; 11 , s . flavidinigra sp . n . ( ht ) ; 12 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( ht ) ; 13 , s . chinensis povolný ; 14 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt ) ; 15 , s . flavinerva sp . n . ( pt ) ; 16 , s . hoenei sp . n . ( ht ) .
figures 9 – 16 . adults of scrobipalpa spp . 9 , s . nigripuncta sp . n . ( ht ) ; 10 , s . strictella sp . n . ( ht ) ; 11 , s . flavidinigra sp . n . ( ht ) ; 12 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( ht ) ; 13 , s . chinensis povolný ; 14 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt ) ; 15 , s . flavinerva sp . n . ( pt ) ; 16 , s . hoenei sp . n . ( ht ) .
figures 33–40 . male genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 33 , s . reiprichi povolný ( slide no . l06011 ) ; 34 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l06039 ) ; 35 , s . chinensis povolný ( slide no . 106 / 08 ) ; 36 , s . sinica sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 208 / 08 ) ; 37 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l07023 ) ; 38 , s . flavinerva sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 194 / 07 ) ; 39 , s . hoenei sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 91 / 08 ) ; 40 , s . paradoxa piskunov ( slide no . l07047 ) .
bidzilya , oleksiy & li , houhun , 2010 , the genus scrobipalpa janse ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) in china , with descriptions of 13 new species , zootaxa 2513 , pp . 1 - 26 : 16 - 17
bidzilya , oleksiy & li , houhun , 2010 , the genus scrobipalpa janse ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) in china , with descriptions of 13 new species , zootaxa 2513 , pp . 1 - 26 : 23 - 24
figures 33 – 40 . male genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 33 , s . reiprichi povolný ( slide no . l 06011 ) ; 34 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l 06039 ) ; 35 , s . chinensis povolný ( slide no . 106 / 08 ) ; 36 , s . sinica sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 208 / 08 ) ; 37 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l 07023 ) ; 38 , s . flavinerva sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 194 / 07 ) ; 39 , s . hoenei sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 91 / 08 ) ; 40 , s . paradoxa piskunov ( slide no . l 07047 ) .
bidzilya , oleksiy , li , houhun ( 2010 ) : the genus scrobipalpa janse ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) in china , with descriptions of 13 new species . zootaxa 2513 : 1 - 26 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 196088
this dataset contains the digitized treatments in plazi based on the original journal article bidzilya , oleksiy , li , houhun ( 2010 ) : the genus scrobipalpa janse ( lepidoptera , gelechiidae ) in china , with descriptions of 13 new species . zootaxa 2513 : 1 - 26 , doi : 10 . 5281 / zenodo . 196088
figures 41–43 . female genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 41 , s . fusca sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l06059 ) ; 42 , s . sattleri lvovsky & piskunov ( slide no . l06063 ) ; 43 , s . erichiodes sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 75 / 08 ) .
figures 44–46 . female genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 44 , s . strictella sp . n . ( pt , slide no . lzd01092 ) ; 45 , s . nigrigrisea sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 86 / 08 ) ; 46 , s . distincta sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l07016 ) .
figures 47–49 . female genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 47 , s . nigripuncta sp . n . ( pt , slide no . l07022 ) ; 48 , s . flavidinigra sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 142 / 08 ) ; 49 , s . flavidinigra sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 124 / 08 ) .
figures 50–53 . female genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 50 , s . caryocoloides povolný ( slide no . l06140 ) ; 51 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 258 / 08 ) ; 52 , s . chinensis povolný ( slide no . 98 / 08 ) ; 53 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 87 / 08 ) .
figures 50 – 53 . female genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 50 , s . caryocoloides povolný ( slide no . l 06140 ) ; 51 , s . sinica sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 258 / 08 ) ; 52 , s . chinensis povolný ( slide no . 98 / 08 ) ; 53 , s . ochrostigma sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 87 / 08 ) .
figures 1–8 . adults of scrobipalpa spp . 1 , s . fusca sp . n . ( ht ) ; 2 , s . latiuncella sp . n . ( ht ) ; 3 , s . flavimaculata sp . n . ( ht ) ; 4 , s . sattleri ( lvovsky & piskunov ) 5 , s . divergens povolný ( ht ) ; 6 , s . erichiodes sp . n . ( ht ) ; 7 , s . nigrigrisea sp . n . ( pt ) ; 8 , s . distincta sp . n . ( ht ) .
figures 25–32 . male genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 25 , s . distincta sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 160 / 08 ) ; 26 , s . nigripuncta sp . n . ( ht , slide no . l06021 ) ; 27 , s . strictella sp . n . ( ht , slide no . lzd01055 ) ; 28 , s . strictella sp . n . ( pt , slide no . lzd01085 ) ; 29 , s . flavidinigra sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 119 / 08 ) ; 30 , s . flavidinigra sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 141 / 08 ) ; 31 , s . caryocoloides povolný ( slide no . l07026 ) ; 32 , s . chitensis ( povolný ) ( slide . no . l06079 ) .
figures 17–24 . male genitalia of scrobipalpa spp . 17 , s . fusca sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 222 / 07 ) ; 18 , s . latiuncella sp . n . ( ht , slide no . 277 / 08 ) ; 19 , s . flavimaculata sp . n . ( ht , slide no . syw05309 ) ; 20 , s . sattleri lvovsky & piskunov ( slide no . syw05192 ) ; 21 , s . divergens povolný ( ht , slide no . 210 / 07 ) ; 22 , s . erichiodes sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 101 / 08 ) ; 23 , s . erichiodes sp . n . ( pt , slide no . 74 / 08 ) ; 24 , s . nigrigrisea sp . n . ( ht , . . .
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a new species of fish , pseudoliparis swirei , published in zootaxa ( 4358 : 161 - 177 ) by gerringer , m . e et al . was voted among top 10 new species described in 2017 .
a new species of madagascan crickets described by mustafa ünal and george beccaloni in zootaxa was featured in a national geographic story . well done mustafa and george !
a new species of wolf spider , lycosa aragogi , is named after aragog—the famous fictional spider from “harry potter” book series by j . k . rowling . the new species is similar to the animatronic puppet version of the character used in the film “harry potter and the chamber of secrets” , which is actually based on a wolf spider . the naming of the new species is dedicated to the 20th anniversary of harry potter book series .
mariah o . pfleger , r . dean grubbs , charles f . cotton , toby s . daly - engel
identification of nipaecoccus ( hemiptera : coccomorpha : pseudococcidae ) species in the united states , with descriptions of nipaecoccus bromelicola sp . n . and the male of n . floridensis beardsley
type material . holotype , 3 , china : zhaohe , damao qi , baotou ( 40 ° 39 ' n , 109 ° 49 ' e ) , inner mongolia , 1700 m , 11 . viii . 2007 , leg . houhun li and bidzilya . paratypes : 1 3 , same data as holotype , gen . prep . 194 / 07 ; 1 3 , same data as holotype except dated 10 . viii . 2007 , leg . houhun li , genitalia slide no . l06123 ; mongolia : 1 3 , vostochnyi aimak , oz . khuh - nur , 25 . vi . [ 1 ] 976 , leg . kerzhner ( zin
) ; 1 3 , vostochnyi aimak , tamsag - bulak , 25 . vii . [ 1 ] 976 , leg . kerzhner ( zin
) : wingspan 14 . 0–15 . 0 mm . head , thorax and tegula grey . labial palpus recurved ; segment 2 light grey mottled brown on outer surface ; segment 3 grey , pointed . forewing grey , veins cream , yellowish - white ; fresh specimens with small dark stripe at two - thirds length and small black dot at corner of cell ; cilia light grey . hindwing light grey , with dark veins .
) : uncus prolonged , about two times longer than wide , sub - triangular distally . gnathos basally broad ; distal sclerite small , slender , weakly curved . tegumen comparatively long and narrow . valva slender , dilated distally , not exceeding top of uncus . sacculus digitate , about one - quarter length of valva ; outer margin weakly curved , inner margin almost straight , apex pointed . paired processes on posterior margin of vinculum very short and narrow , pointed apically ; medial excision deep , v - shaped . saccus triangular , but very broad at base in paratype from mongolia . aedaegus short , slightly inflated at base ; distal portion moderately broad , with distinct down - curved apical cornutus .
species by the grey forewing with distinct cream - coloured veins . the male genitalia are characterized by the very short , narrow , pointed vinculum processes in combination with prolonged uncus and tegumen , as well as digitiform sacculus .
biology . host - plant unknown . adults occur from the end of june to middle of august .
etymology . the specific name is derived from the latin flavus – yellow , nervus – vein , referring to the wing pattern .
no known copyright restrictions apply . see agosti , d . , egloff , w . , 2009 . taxonomic information exchange and copyright : the plazi approach . bmc research notes 2009 , 2 : 53 for further explanation .
here you will find one or more explanations in english for the word heratella . also in the bottom left of the page several parts of wikipedia pages related to the word heratella and , of course , heratella synonyms and on the right images related to the word heratella .
this is the place for heratella definition . you find here heratella meaning , synonyms of heratella and images for heratella copyright 2017 © urltoken
full text of
centre for entomological studies ankara , cesa news nr . 84
full text of
centre for entomological studies ankara , cesa news nr . 84
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type material . holotype , ƥ , china : mt . xinglong , yuzhong county ( 35 ° 53 ' n , 104 °06 ' e ) , gansu province , 2120 m , 4 . viii . 1993 , leg . houhun li , genitalia slide no . 87 / 08 . paratype : 1 3 , dahua , huangyuan county ( 36 ° 43 ' n , 101 ° 17 ' e ) , qinghai province 16 . viii . 1995 , leg . lanfang zhu , genitalia slide no . l06039 .
) : wingspan 13 . 5 mm . head grey , frons off - white . labial palpus recurved ; segment 2 twice width of segment 3 , underside and outer surface covered with white , black - tipped scales , inner surface white ; segment 3 thin , acute , grey , inner surface with white medial ring . antennal segments black , grey - ringed basally . thorax and tegula grey mottled brown . forewing light brown , posterior margin black from base to half length and in subapical area ; narrow black strip along costal margin from base to twothirds ; ochreous spot at base , at one - third and at two - thirds , respectively ; cilia yellowish - grey . hindwing and cilia grey .
) : uncus large , broad , more or less widened distally . gnathos basally broad , distal portion narrow , slightly curved . tegumen prolonged . valva digitate , comparatively broad , distinctly shorter than uncus . sacculus about one - fifth length of valva , moderately narrow , curved inwards . paired processes on posterior margin of vinculum broad , sub - triangular , slightly curved outwards apically , about as long as length of sacculus ; medial excision deep , v - shaped . saccus narrow , apex slightly dilated , rounded . aedeagus short , broadened basally , distal portion straight , with distinct apical cornutus .
) : papilla analis prolonged , sub - oval . segment viii quadrangular . lobes of vaginal plates narrow , broadly separated , weakly sclerotized . postvaginal plates weakly sclerotized . apophysis anterioris about 1 . 5 length of segment viii . ductus bursae moderately narrow . corpus bursae small , rounded , without signum .
sp . n . is well recognizable externally by the yellowish - brown forewing with three distinct ochreous spots and black posterior margin . the male genitalia are characterized by the broad , prolonged uncus far exceeding the tip of the valva in combination with the broad paired processes on the posterior margin of vinculum and the relatively narrow sacculus . the female genitalia differ from most other
species in the membranous , weakly sclerotized periostial lobes and the absence of signum . the last character has not been observed earlier in the genus
biology . host - plant unknown . adults occur in august at 2120 m altitude .
etymology . the specific name is derived from greek ochra – ochreous , stigma – marks , in reference to the wing pattern .