coregonus hoyi ( bloater ) is a species or form of freshwater whitefish in the family salmonidae .

it is a silvery-coloured herring-like fish , 25.5 centimetres ( 10.0 in ) long .

it is found in most of the great lakes and in lake nipigon , where it inhabits underwater slopes .

this fish is not to be confused with the extinct deepwater cisco ( coregonus johannae ) , a large fish that shared a common name with the bloater .

coregonus hoyi

the lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of coregonus hoyi gill ( pices : salmonidae ) : tissue distribution , immunochemistry and molecular weight .
the lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of coregonus hoyi gill ( pices : salmonidae ) : tissue distribution , immunochemistry and molecular weight . - pubmed - ncbi
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wyns , d . 2002 .
coregonus hoyi
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
parker , b . j . 1989 . status of the bloater , coregonus hoyi , in canada . canadian field - naturalist 103 : 163 - 167 .
to cite this page : wyns , d . 2002 .
coregonus hoyi
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
parker , b . 1989 . status of the bloater , coregonus hoyi , in canada . can . field - nat . 103 ( 2 ) : 163 - 167 .
schaeffer , j . s . ( 2004 ) population dynamics of bloaters ( coregonus hoyi ) in lake huron , 1980 - 1998 . annales zoologici fennici , 41 : 271 - 279 .
baldwin , b . ( 1999 ) ( native prey fish re - introduction into lake ontario : bloater ( coregonus hoyi ) ) . discussion paper for the great lakes fisher commission , lake ontario committee .
wells , l . and a . m . beeton . 1963 . food of the bloater , coregonus hoyi , in lake michigan . transactions of the american fisheries society 92 ( 3 ) : 245 - 255 .
favé , m . j . and turgeon , j . ( 2008 ) patterns of genetic diversity in great lakes bloaters ( coregonus hoyi ) with a view to future reintroduction in lake ontario . conservation genetics , 9 : 281 - 293 .
► we identified bloater coregonus hoyi habitat use in the hypolimnion of lake huron . ► we modeled fisheries independent surveys as a function of environmental variables . ► bloater distribution was strongly related to bottom depth and water temperature . ► bloater display seasonal inshore–offshore movement patterns .
clemens , b . j and crawford , s . s . ( 2009 ) the ecology of body size and depth use by bloater ( coregonus hoyi gill ) in the laurentian great lakes : patterns and hypotheses . reviews in fisheries science , 17 ( 3 ) : 174 - 186 .
bunnell , d . b . , madenjian , c . p . and croley ii , t . e . ( 2006 ) long - term trends of bloater ( coregonus hoyi ) recruitment in lake michigan : evidence for the effect of sex ratio . canadian journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences , 63 : 832 - 844 .
populations outside great lakes drainage , formerly included in c . hoyi , now are assigned to c . artedii or c . zenithicus ( scott and crossman 1973 ) .
the bloater ( coregonus hoyi ) is a small freshwater fish named after its swollen appearance when brought up from deep water , which is caused by its gas bladder expanding . its slender , silvery body has areas of pink or purple shimmering iridescence . the snout is pointed and the dorsal and caudal fins have dark edges ( 2 ) ( 3 ) .
for the fifth consecutive winter , service biologists collected bloater eggs ( coregonus hoyi ) , a species of deepwater cisco , from lake michigan to assist with efforts to restore this species in lake ontario . to date , 24 , 000 bloater juveniles have been stocked into lake ontario that originated from the service’s egg collection efforts in 2010 through 2012 , and another 67 , 000 are scheduled to be stocked this fall from 2013 egg collections .
siegfried , c . 1985 . life history , population dynamics , and production of pontoporeia hoyi , ( crustacea , amphipoda ) in relation to trophic gradient of lake george , new york . hydrobiologia 122 : 175 - 180 .
evans , m . , m . quigley , and j . wojcik . 1990 . comparative ecology of pontoporeia hoyi populations in southern lake michigan : the profundal region verses the slope and shelf regions . j . great lk . res . 16 : 27 - 40 .
lake michigan supports populations of bloater chubs ( coregonus hoyi ) , a deepwater cisco that is genetically similar to lake ontario’s existing shallow - water cisco population ( c . artedi ) . in recent years the u . s . fish & wildlife service has joined the multiagency collaborative efforts , including the ontario ministry of natural resources ( omnr ) , new york state department of environmental conservation ( nysdec ) , and great lakes fishery commission to develop a genetically diverse hatchery broodstock of bloater chubs from lake michigan for the reintroduction of bloater in lake ontario .
hoyle , j . a . , t . shaner , j . m . casselman , and r . dermott . 1999 . changes in lake whitefish ( coregonus clupeaformis ) stocks in eastern lake ontario following dreissena mussel invasion . great lk . res . rev . 4 : 5 - 10 .
the bloater is similar in appearance to other species of its same genus and can be difficult to distinguish ( 3 ) . it is almost identical in appearance to the kiyi ( coregonus kiyi ) , but the bloater has a smaller eye than the kiyi and its upper lip is less dark ( 2 ) .
eshenroder , r . l , vecsei , p . , gorman , o . t . , yule , d . l . , pratt , t . c . , mandrak , n . e . , bunnell , d . b . , and muir , a . m . 2016 . ciscoes ( coregonus , subgenus leucichthys ) of the laurentian great lakes and lake nipigon . great lakes fishery commission misc pub . 2016 - 01 . v + 140p .
species of the genus coregonus were heavily exploited in the first half of the 20th century by the commercial fishing industry in the great lakes ( 3 ) . this caused numbers to decrease and also contributed to the invasion of non - native species , such as the sea lamprey ( petromyzon marinus ) , alewife ( alosa pseudoharengus ) and rainbow smelt ( osmerus mordax ) ( 3 ) ( 5 ) . competition with and predation by these invasive species caused even further decline in the bloater and related species ( 5 ) .
since their establishment in the 1950’s , non - native alewife ( alosa pseudoharengus ) have become the most abundant preyfish in the laurentian great lakes huron , michigan , and ontario , a role historically occupied by a diverse community of native ciscoes ( coregonus spp . ) . more recently the invasive quagga mussels have spread throughout the great lakes . as efficient filter feeders , they have drastically reduced food availability in pelagic waters . great lakes alewife populations have plummeted in response to lower pelagic productivity and lake managers are now very concerned with high volatility in predator - prey relationships .
being the smallest of the cisco ( coregonus ) species , the bloater was not targeted by the fishing industry , which helped to minimise its decline . however , in the 1950s the introduced sea lamprey destroyed lake trout ( salvelinus namaycush ) stocks , other cisco populations collapsed , and the bloater population became targeted , suffering a major population collapse from 1965 to 1970 ( 7 ) . it was feared that that the bloater could suffer the same fate as other cisco species , some of which are locally extinct in many of the great lakes ( 3 ) . however , out of the six ciscoes , the bloater is the only one which remains fairly widespread in the great lakes ( 5 ) .
this study investigated lake huron’s lower pelagic food web for regional heterogeneity using contaminant and energy dynamics . recently , lake huron experienced a regime shift which has been characterized by changes in species dominance , reduced abundances , and top predator energy dynamics . the upper trophic levels of the offshore food web have been well investigated and as such , this study focused on the primary consumers ( zooplankton , mysis , dreissenid mussels ) and secondary consumers ( coregonus hoyi , osmerus mordax , neogobius melanostomus ) . due to the well studied nature of polychlorinated biphenyls ( pcbs ) and mercury ( hg ) in aquatic systems , these were utilized in this study as tracers to investigate trophic level dynamics and regional variability among lake huron’s three basins . gut content data and stable isotope analysis were also used as a means of examining foraging behaviour . additionally , the condition of the lower trophic level organisms was investigated using lipid content and energy density . primary consumers revealed strong homogeneity in trophic level , pcb and hg contents , and energy densities among and within basins of lake huron . however , secondary consumers revealed strong differences in energy densities , pcb and hg accumulation patterns , and trophic levels among and within basins . isotope data demonstrated nearshore tracking of resources in the north channel , while both pcb and hg data revealed high variability in bioaccumulation dynamics among the basins . this research concluded that the trophic shift in lake huron is primarily a bottom up process but ecological responses vary among the basins .
all diporeia spp . in the great lakes were previously classified as pontoporeia hoyi ( = p . affinis ) , although there are at least two different species of diporeia , possibly eight , in the great lakes ( cavaletto et al . 1996 ) . taxonomic revisions were based on morphological characteristics and separated the pontoporeia spp . in europe from the diporeia spp . in north america ( bousfield 1989 ) . specific c haracteristics that were used to separate the two genera include differences in the number of segments on the accessory flagellum , urosome 1 process ( or lack of in diporeia ) , uropod 3 terminal segment ( or lack of in diporeia ) , and other characteristcs ( bousfield 1989 ) . diporeia spp . are considered ' glacial relict ' species with ancestors which lived in brackish waters and became trapped when the glacier receded ( siegfried 1985 ) .
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a commercial gill - tug . this boat was used in pilot - projects in 2010 - 2011 , while the alicae rae , out of sister bay , wi and a commercial trawler , out of two rivers , wi , were used in 2012 . - photo credit : ted treska ( usfws )
a deepwater lake michigan bloater chub ; as gillnets are lifted to the surface , the fish’s swimbladder expands lending to the name “bloater” chub . - photo credit : dale hanson ( usfws )
roger gordon ( jordan river nfh ) removes the eggs from a ripe female which will be spawned with milt from a male . - photo credit : dale hanson ( usfws )
reestablishing a diverse preyfish community , one that may be more adaptable to oligotrophic conditions , is quickly becoming a top priority in the great lakes as it may reduce the potential threat of a collapse among top salmonine predators . restoration of native ciscoes is gaining traction throughout the great lakes basin , but lake ontario is at the forefront with the development of a strategic plan for the reestablishment of native deepwater ciscoes in lake ontario . the strategic plan calls for annual stocking of 500 , 000 deepwater cisco juveniles into lake ontario by 2015 . the hope is that they will inhabit deep - water areas of the lake ( bottom depths > 45 m ) . clearly a reintroduction program of this magnitude will require the development of a hatchery broodstock to produce offspring which will be released into the wild . but where and how will this broodstock be developed ?
on nine separate occasions between january 21 and february 24 , 2012 , u . s fish & wildlife service staff including roger gordon and paul haver ( jordan river nfh ) , ted eggebraaten , ted treska , and dale hanson ( green bay fwco ) accompanied commercial fishers aboard the alicia rae , a 45’ gillnet tug , and other similar boats to obtain actively spawning bloater from lake michigan . while onboard , staff collected eggs from females and fertilized them in containers with milt from fresh males . fertilized eggs were then disinfected to minimize the transfer of viral and bacterial disease , and stored at temperatures near 4 degrees c until they were delivered to the omnr white lake fish culture station for rearing . genetic samples from each parent and their subsequent progeny will be analyzed to ensure sufficient genetic diversity is retained in the broodstock line and fish samples were analyzed by the lacrosse fhc to determine a disease history for the broodstock . finally , fertilized eggs were also sent to the usgs tunison lab where fish - rearing experiments will be performed to increase fish culture knowledge for this species so that an efficient conservation hatchery program can be developed . these are exciting times as state , provincial , and federal agencies are all working together to restore native cisco populations for the health of the great lakes .
e : \ sites \ www . fws . gov \ fieldnotes \ regmap . cfm
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deepwater ciscoes to be re - introduced into lake ontario - nys dept . of environmental conservation
the
bloater
fish , a deepwater cisco , was re - introduced into lake ontario offshore of oswego , bringing the fish back to the lake for the first time in nearly thirty years , the new york state department of environmental conservation ( dec ) and partner agencies announced today . this historic action is the first of its kind in the great lakes and is the culmination of several years of collaborative laboratory , hatchery and field research conducted by federal , state , and provincial agencies . the last known fish was collected in 1983 .
lake ontario ' s sport fisheries are a significant economic driver in new york state , and were valued at more than $ 113 million in 2007 ,
said dec commissioner joe martens .
re - establishing bloaters in lake ontario will diversify the fish community , adding stability to the lake ' s ecosystem and sport fisheries .
re - establishing self - sustaining populations of bloater in lake ontario is the focus of a cooperative , international effort between dec , the ontario ministry of natural resources ( omnr ) , the u . s . fish and wildlife service ( usfws ) , the u . s . geological survey ( usgs ) and the great lakes fishery commission to restore native fish populations in lake ontario . this program will improve food web stability and mitigate negative impacts of invasive species ; however , it will require a long - term stocking program .
today ' s event , at the lake ontario event and conference center , also highlighted the new usgs research vessel ( r / v ) kaho ( see usgs link in the right column and put in kaho as search word ) , which is stationed at the usgs lake ontario biological station in oswego . the new vessel will be used to transport the bloaters offshore for stocking over deep water .
russ strach , director of the usgs great lakes science center , said ,
the capital investment in the new research vessel demonstrates usgs ' commitment to cutting - edge deepwater science in lake ontario . the new vessel greatly enhances our ability to conduct ecosystem - based fishery research to address management questions important to our partner agencies . i ' m proud to see the platform used by the partnership working to restore this important native species .
deepwater ciscoes , a diverse group of species including bloater , kiyi , blackfin cisco , and shortnose cisco , were once the most abundant prey fish in the lake and supported important commercial fisheries . members of the whitefish family , bloaters feed primarily on invertebrates in water depths from 180 feet to 650 feet , spawning in winter at great depth , and were an important food source for native lake trout and burbot .
by the mid - 20th century , populations declined dramatically in association with over - harvest and expanding populations of invasive alewife and rainbow smelt . re - introducing bloaters will provide more food choices for predators , such as lake trout and salmon , and diversify the lake ontario fish community . lake trout and salmon that feed primarily on alewife can experience reproductive failure due to a vitamin b deficiency . predators that feed on native species like bloater are less likely to experience reproductive failure .
the juvenile bloaters stocked today originated from eggs collected by usfws staff on lake michigan during january and february , 2012 . bloater eggs were hatched and juveniles reared at the usgs tunison laboratory of aquatic sciences and the omnr ' s white lake fish culture station .
usfws midwest assistant regional director for fisheries todd turner said ,
restoring native prey fish to lake ontario and all the great lakes is a priority for the service . the midwest region ' s fisheries program is pleased that the bloater eggs we collected and fertilized from lake michigan will contribute to this historic reintroduction event for the great lakes .
jaime geiger , northeast assistant regional director for fisheries said ,
we support the efforts of this great partnership and look forward to promoting long term success for the fishery of lake ontario .
michael morencie , director of the fish and wildlife services branch of the ontario ministry of natural resources , said ,
ontario has a strong commitment to restoring native species in lake ontario . this stocking event is an important step in achieving our shared goal to restore native species diversity in the lake .
lake ontario ' s food web has been devastated by repeated invasive species introductions ,
said dr . chris goddard , executive secretary of the great lakes fishery commission .
re - establishing deepwater ciscoes in the lake will reduce opportunities for new invasive species to colonize the offshore , deepwater zone and fill the niche that bloaters are most suited to fill .
freshly trawled bloater . these fish are sexed and eggs are visually inspected to ensure they are fully developed and suitable for fertilization . - photo credit : usfws
the vessel , peter paul , in the midst of a bottom trawl . surface ice was common this winter and finding open water pockets was a necessity to avoid filling the net with ice when the trawl was deployed and lifted to the surface . - photo credit : parker kilsdonk , usfws
roger gordon , dale hanson and todd kinn ( left to right ) look for viable eggs from the bloater catch . - photo credit : usfws
this plastic container contains roughly 7 , 500 fertilized eggs . on average only 1 , 250 eggs are obtained from a single ripe female as most of the ripe eggs , roughly 75 percent , are expelled by the female as the trawl is being lifted from the depths . future methods using captive and conventional broodstock are expected to yield roughly 5 , 000 eggs per female . - photo credit : tony reith , usfws
these stockings have returned bloater to lake ontario , where they disappeared in the 1950s from the combined effects of invasive species , poor water quality and commercial exploitation . their disappearance disrupted the historical foodweb structure in the lake as bloater were the primary link between deepwater invertebrates and top predator species including lake trout . lake ontario managers hope to restore self - sustaining bloater populations through large - scale annual restocking efforts of 500 , 000 bloater juveniles . this will increase the diversity among forage fish populations , reestablish the historical foodweb structure and ultimately increase lake trout production . the midwest region fisheries program egg collection work is making a major contribution to the advancement of fish culture methods for bloater and is paving the way to achieve these large - scale stocking efforts needed for bloater restoration in lake ontario .
accessing bloater eggs in the wild is extremely challenging as lake michigan bloater spawn at depths in excess of 300 feet in the heart of winter ( january through march ) . service crews , led by dale hanson ( green bay fwco ) and roger gordon ( jordan river nfh ) , logged 24 trips in 2014 aboard two commercial bottom trawling vessels based out of two rivers , wisc . located on the western shore of lake michigan . despite one of the coldest winters on record , the boats broke through several miles of ice to reach the spawning grounds where bottom trawls caught roughly 25 , 000 bloater adults .
bloater spawn over a protracted period and only 394 “ripe” females contained fully developed eggs suitable for spawning . these ripe females yielded 500 , 000 eggs that were fertilized and shipped via overnight delivery to the white lake fish culture station in ontario , and the usgs tunison lab in new york . half of these eggs successfully reached the eyed - egg stage and by mid - april these eggs will have hatched to produce over 180 thousand bloater fry to be reared in these hatcheries for the next 18 months . managers anticipate the 2014 egg collections will produce 60 , 000 bloater juveniles that will be available for stocking into lake ontario in the fall of 2015 .
since their inception in 2010 , the egg collection surveys have made substantial progress toward meeting the annual stocking targets of 500 , 000 juveniles . most notably , service hatchery personnel have been on all surveys since 2012 to ensure only fully developed eggs are collected , and since 2013 surveys have employed bottom trawl gear , instead of gillnets , which has resulted in higher catches and markedly better fish condition . these changes have more than doubled the survival from egg to fry stages compared to that observed in 2010 to 2012 . despite these improvements we are still far short of meeting annual stocking target goals , but the future looks bright ! next year , collection methods will also include a captive broodstock program whereby pre - spawn wild caught bloater will be retained in a lab and spawned once the eggs become fully developed . also , conventional bloater broodstock lines are beginning to mature .
since 2011 , a small portion of bloater fry from each year - class , currently 15 , 000 in total , were retained at the white lake fish culture station and raised as broodstock . the 2011 year - class of broodstock is just starting to mature and managers are hopeful that these broodstock fish will supplement the wild egg collections next year . with each year enthusiasm grows for bloater restoration and the growing success is a tribute to the hard work that the service , ontario ministry of natural resources , new york department of environmental conservation , great lakes fishery commission , and the usgs tunison laboratory have put forth to pave the way for deepwater cisco restoration .
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
formerly occurred in lake nipigon and all of the great lakes except lake erie ; now evidently extirpated in lakes ontario and nipigon and declining in lakes superior and huron .
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greek , kore = pupils of the eye + greek , gonia = angle ( ref . 45335 )
freshwater ; demersal ; depth range 30 - 189 m . temperate ; 51°n - 41°n
north america : found only in great lakes ( except lake erie ) in canada - usa and lake nipigon in canada . this species is probably extirpated from lakes ontario and nipigon , threatened in lake michigan , and declining in lakes superior and huron .
maturity : l m 18 . 3 range ? - ? cm max length : 37 . 0 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 5723 ) ; common length : 25 . 5 cm tl male / unsexed ; ( ref . 12193 ) ; max . reported age : 10 years ( ref . 12193 )
page , l . m . and b . m . burr , 1991 . a field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico . houghton mifflin company , boston . 432 p . ( ref . 5723 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5000 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 00603 ( 0 . 00346 - 0 . 01050 ) , b = 3 . 21 ( 3 . 06 - 3 . 36 ) , in cm total length , based on lwr estimates for this species & genus - body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 3 ±0 . 3 se ; based on diet studies .
resilience ( ref . 69278 ) : medium , minimum population doubling time 1 . 4 - 4 . 4 years ( tm = 3 ; k = 0 . 22 ) .
prior r = 0 . 47 , 2 sd range = 0 . 26 - 0 . 84 , log ( r ) = - 0 . 76 , sd log ( r ) = 0 . 29 , based on : 3 k , 1 tgen , 1 tmax , 1 fec records
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : moderate to high vulnerability ( 46 of 100 ) .
unlike shallow - water fish inhabiting the great lakes , the bloater is well adapted to reaching great depths ( 6 ) . this is due to its high bodily fat content , which aids buoyancy , as well as its ability to metabolise food at low temperatures ( 5 ) .
during the day , the bloater can be found near or on the bottom of the lake , but at night , some of the bloater population move upwards in the water column to feed ( 6 ) . the bloater is considered to be an opportunistic feeder , mostly feeding on small aquatic invertebrates ( 5 ) .
being able to descend to such great depths allows the bloater to feed on zooplankton near the lake bottom , which other species are unable to reach . because of this , the bloater is considered to be an integral part of food webs in the great lakes ( 5 ) .
the bloater spawns between september and march in various lakes and spawning grounds . a female bloater can produce up to 10 , 000 small yellow eggs , which may represent 30 percent of the female’s body weight when it begins to spawn ( 3 ) . the bloater may live to around nine years of age , with the female generally living longer than males ( 7 ) .
the bloater has a restricted range , formerly occurred in all the great lakes of north america ; except for lake erie ( 1 ) .
however , it is now considered extinct from lakes ontario and nipigon ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 4 ) .
inhabiting large freshwater lakes , the bloater can generally be found at depths of between 18 and 165 metres ( 4 ) ( 5 ) . the adult bloater occupies colder , deep waters , whereas juveniles are restricted to the warmer surface waters ( 5 ) .
the bloater is classified as vulnerable ( vu ) on the iucn red list ( 1 ) .
the sex ratio of the bloater population has been skewed over the last century , and at times it has been reported to reach 97 percent female . the skew is thought to be due to higher male mortality and females having longer life spans , and may affect the number of offspring produced ( 3 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) .
a number of suggestions have been made since 1999 to reintroduce the bloater into lake ontario , using individuals from more intact populations inhabiting other great lakes ( 9 ) ( 10 ) . however , there is little information available on whether these planned reintroductions occurred or whether they were successful . the bloater is being continually assessed to monitor its population dynamics ( 7 ) ( 8 ) .
this information is awaiting authentication by a species expert , and will be updated as soon as possible . if you are able to help please contact : arkive @ urltoken
caudal fin the tail fin of a fish . dorsal relating to the back or top side of an animal . genus a category used in taxonomy , which is below ‘family’ and above ‘species’ . a genus tends to contain species that have characteristics in common . the genus forms the first part of a ‘binomial’ latin species name ; the second part is the specific name . invertebrates animals with no backbone , such as insects , crustaceans , worms , molluscs , spiders , cnidarians ( jellyfish , corals , sea anemones ) and echinoderms . spawning the production or depositing of eggs in water zooplankton tiny aquatic animals that drift with currents or swim weakly in water .
page , l . m . and burr , b . m . ( 1991 ) field guide to freshwater fishes . second edition . houghton mifflin , new york .
becker , g . c . ( 1983 ) fishes of wisconsin . the university of wisconsin press , wisconsin .
tewinkel , l . m and fleischer , g . w . ( 2011 ) vertical migration of bloaters : response to comment . transactions of the american fisheries society , 130 ( 1 ) : 166 - 167 .
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these fish are silvery , with some pink , purple , and green iridescence . they have narrow bodies and long heads with small eyes . they have two dorsal fins ; the dorsal fin near the tail is much smaller than the dorsal fin closer to the head . adult females are usually larger than males .
( crossman and scott , 1973 ; downs , et al . , 1998 ; crossman and scott , 1973 ; downs , et al . , 1998 )
bloaters are native to the great lakes basin of north america . they can be found in every great lake except lake erie . this species is probably extinct in lakes ontario and nipigon , threatened in lake michigan , and declining in lakes superior and huron .
bloaters exist in both the open water (
pelagic
) and bottom (
benthic
) regions of deep , freshwater lakes . during the day
is found on or near the bottom , but it moves upwards in the water column at night . bloaters are most abundant between 40 and 110 m , but have rarely been reported as shallow as 10 m and as deep as 180 m .
bloaters remain in the larval stage for about 24 days . larvae are 8 . 6 - 14 . 9 mm long and generally stay near the lake bottom . fully grown adults grow to about 200 - 250 cm long .
spawning generally takes place at the lake bottom in february and march , but may happen year - round in some bloaters . each female produces about 3000 to 12000 eggs , with larger females producing more eggs than smaller individuals . the average number of eggs per ounce of fish is 1241 . the eggs are relatively large with an average diameter of 1 . 95 mm .
females have a lifespan of 10 to 11 years , and reach a slightly larger size than males , which live to an age of 9 years .
spends daylight hours on or near the bottom , and rise into the water column to feed at night . nighttime densities in the water column have been observed at up to 6 . 61 fish / m ^ 3 . these nocturnal migrations are variable with water temperature , light levels , and individual size . migration patterns allow
mainly eats in the open water , with occasional bottom feeding . its habits and diet seem to vary from lake to lake . bloaters eat mainly plankton , copepods , fish eggs , and small clams . individual fish move to different depths as they feed , perhaps because their food does as well . at low temperatures , bloaters are more active than most fish , which allows them to grow during the winter , when most of their comptitors are inactive .
is a deep water planktivore that provides an important trophic link between zooplankton and top predators . after initial population declines due to competition with and predation by introduced
. this change in fish community resulted in a shift in dominance from epi - and metalimnetic planktivores ( alewife ) to a hypolimnetic benthivore ( bloater ) . this can affect the abundance of prey for pescivores , prey abundance for the forage fish , and possibly water clarity and primary production .
is a deep water plankton - eater that is an important link in the food chain between zooplankton and top predators . after bloater populations initially declined due to competition with and predation by introduced
. salmon are very valuable as gamefish , bringing economic benefit to the waters they inhabit . as the larger ciscoes have been depleted through overfishing , the smaller bloaters have become an increasingly important component of commercial catches . commercial catches of bloaters , like other ciscoes , are primarily smoked and distributed for human consumption .
populations , as it has done to other ciscoe species . the bloater is not currently given special status under the endangered species act . the iucn classifies
as vulnerable . fluctuations in the populations of bloaters have been inversely related to the introduced alewive , which competes for resources . stocking of pacific salmonids in order to control alewive populations has allowed the lake michigan
population to rise from an estimated 4 , 000 metric tons in 1974 to 300 , 000 metric tons in 1987 .
binkowski , f . , l . rudstam . 1994 . maximum daily ration of great lakes bloater .
downs , w . , l . wiland , e . white , s . wittman . 1998 .
fish of the great lakes by wisconsin sea grant
( on - line ) . accessed october 28 , 2002 at urltoken .
miller , t . , l . crowder . 1990 . effects of changes in the zooplankton assemblage on growth of bloater and implications for recruitment success .
rudstam , l . , f . binkowski , m . miller . 1994 . a bioenergetics model for analysis of food consumption patterns of bloater in lake michigan .
tewinkel , l . , g . fleischer . 1999 . vertical migration and nighttime distribution of adult bloaters in lake michigan .
biokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright © 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .
is endemic to the great lakes basin of north america where it inhabited all lakes except lake erie . this species was probably extirpated from lakes ontario and nipigon and is threatened in lake michigan and declining in lakes superior and huron .
bloaters exist in both pelagic and benthic regions of deep , freshwater lakes . during the day
coloration is silvery with some pink and purple iridescence , with a greenish tinge above lateral line and a silvery white ventral surface ( downs et al , 1998 ) . these fish are distinctly laterally compressed with greatest body depth in front of dorsal fin .
has a long head and small eye , snout short or pointed with terminal mouth , lower jaw protruding past upper jaw with distinct tubercle , and a maxillary extending posteriorly to below the anterior portion of the eye . gill raker number 37 - 50 . a small dorsal adipose fin is present . the following is a characterizatin of the fins : dorsal 1 , rays 9 - 11 ; caudal fin distinctly forked ; anal rays 11 - 12 ; pelvic rays 11 ; pectoral rays 15 - 16 . the scales are cycloid . it has 55 - 57 vertebrae . females reach a slightly larger size than males ( crossman and scott , 1973 ) .
( crossman and scott , 1973 ; downs , et al . , 1998 )
remains in the larval state for aproximately 24 days with a length range of 8 . 6 - 14 . 9 mm . larvae are most frequently located near the bottom at depths between 90 and 110 m in water with temperatures not exceeding 4 . 7 degrees c . mature
reach lengths of 200 - 250 cm , with size and growth rate variable between lakes .
spawning generally takes place in february and march , but some spawning occurs throughout the year as indicated by observations of ripe , nearly ripe , and spent male and females in almost all months . spawning occurs over almost all bottom types at a depth between 36 and 90 m . egg production ranges from 3000 to 12000 per female , with larger females producing more eggs than smaller individuals . the average number of eggs per ounce of fish is 1241 with little variation . the eggs are relatively large with an average diameter of 1 . 95 mm .
is primarily a pelagic feeder , with occasional bottom feeding , but habits and diet appear to be variable between bodies of water . analysis of stomach contents revealed primarily
were also found in some stomachs . vertical migration on an individual basis is hypothesised to be driven by migration of invertebrates in the water column ( tewinkel and fleischer , 1999 ) . high potential feeding rates at cold temperatures allow bloaters to feed and grow during the winter when many competitors are inactive . increased activity at cold temperatures also allows the bloater to take advantage of high early spring zooplankton abundance which its competitors cannot do .
species . many of these salmonids are very valuable as gamefish , bringing economic benefit to the waters they inhabit . as the larger ciscoes have been depleted through overfishing , the smaller
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
referring to an animal that lives on or near the bottom of a body of water . also an aquatic biome consisting of the ocean bottom below the pelagic and coastal zones . bottom habitats in the very deepest oceans ( below 9000 m ) are sometimes referred to as the abyssal zone . see also oceanic vent .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
a large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows . in insects ,
incomplete metamorphosis
is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form , and
complete metamorphosis
is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms . butterflies have complete metamorphosis , grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
an aquatic biome consisting of the open ocean , far from land , does not include sea bottom ( benthic zone ) .
animal constituent of plankton ; mainly small crustaceans and fish larvae . ( compare to phytoplankton . )
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
clear , deep waters ( 38 - 121 m ) , usually 55 - 91 m , at water temperatures of 1 . 5 - 11 . 4°c ; preferred water temperature range 4 - 7°c
barbour , m . t . , j . gerritsen , b . d . snyder , and j . b . stribling . 1999 . tolerance and trophic guilds of selected fish species . appendix c in rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers : periphyton , benthic macroinvertebrates and fish , second edition . epa 841 - b - 99 - 002 . u . s . environmental protection agency ; office of water . washington , dc .
becker , g . c . 1983 . fishes of wisconsin . university of wisconsin press . madison , wi . xii + 1052 pp .
carlander , k . d . 1969 . handbook of freshwater fishery biology . volume one . life history data on freshwater fishes of the united states and canada , exclusive of the perciformes . iowa state university press . ames , ia . vi + 752 pp .
coad , b . w . with h . waszczuk and i . labignan . 1995 . encyclopedia of canadian fishes . museum of nature and canadian sportfishing productions . ottawa and waterdown , on . viii + 928 pp .
coker , g . a . , c . b . portt , and c . k . minns . 2001 . morphological and ecological characteristics of canadian freshwater fishes . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2554 : iv + 89p .
cosewic . 2017 . canadian wildlife species at risk . october 2017 . committee on the status of endangered wildlife in canada . gatineau , qc . iv + 119 pp .
cudmore - vokey , b . and e . j . crossman . 2000 . checklists of the fish fauna of the laurentian great lakes and their connecting channels . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2550 : v + 39p .
ditz , k and m . croft - white . 2013 . ontario ministry of natural resources fish species codes & common names . ichthyology and herpetology , royal ontario museum . may 1994 . reformatted and revised by m . croft - white , 2013 .
goldstein , r . m . and t . p . simon . 1999 . toward a united definition of guild structure for feeding ecology of north american freshwater fishes . pages 123 - 202 in t . p . simon [ ed ] . assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities . crc press . boca raton , fl . xx + 671 pp .
goodyear , c . s . , t . a . edsall , d . m . ormsby dempsey , g . d . moss , and p . e . polanski . 1982 . atlas of the spawning and nursery areas of great lakes fishes . volume thirteen : reproductive characteristics of great lakes fishes . u . s . fish and wildlife service . washington , dc . fws / obs - 82 / 52 .
hasnain , s . s , c . k . minns , and b . j . shuter . 2010 . key ecological temperature metrics for canadian freshwater fishes . climate change research report : ccrr - 17 . applied research and development branch , ontario ministry of natural resources . sault ste . marie , on . 54 pp .
holm , e . , n . mandrak , and m . burridge . 2009 . the rom field guide to freshwater fishes of ontario . royal ontario museum science publication . toronto , on . 462 pp .
hubbs , c . l . and k . f . lagler . 1964 . fishes of the great lakes region . university of michigan press . ann arbor , mi . xv + 213 pp .
hubbs , c . l . , k . f . lagler , and g . r . smith . 2004 . fishes of the great lakes region , revised edition . university of michigan press . ann arbor , mi . xvii + 276 pp .
integrated taxonomic information system ( itis ) . 2014 . on - line database . ( urltoken ) , accessed 07 june 2014 .
koelz , w . 1929 . coregonid fishes of the great lakes . bull . u . s . bur . fish . 43 : 297 - 643 .
lane , p . a . , c . b . portt , and c . k . minns . 1996 . nursery habitat characteristics of great lakes fishes . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2338 : v + 42p .
lane , p . a . , c . b . portt , and c . k . minns . 1996 . adult habitat characteristics of great lakes fishes . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2358 : v + 43p .
lane , p . a . , c . b . portt , and c . k . minns . 1996 . spawning habitat characteristics of great lakes fishes . can . ms rpt . fish . aquat . sci . 2368 : v + 48p .
lee , d . s . , c . r . gilbert , c . h . hocutt , r . e . jenkins , d . e . mcallister , and j . r . stauffer , jr . 1980 . atlas of north american freshwater fishes . north carolina state museum of natural history publication 1980 - 12 . raleigh , nc . x + 867 pp .
mandrak , n . e . and e . j . crossman . 1992 . a checklist of ontario freshwater fishes annotated with distribution maps . royal ontario museum life sciences miscellaneous publication . toronto , on . v + 176 pp .
mcallister , d . e . , b . j . parker , and p . m . mckee . 1985 . rare , endangered and extinct fishes in canada . syllogeus 54 . national museum of natural sciences . ottawa , on . 192 pp .
natureserve . 2016 . natureserve explorer : an online encyclopedia of life [ web application ] . version 7 . 1 . natureserve . arlington , virginia . ( urltoken ) , accessed 11 june 2016 .
ontario ministry of natural resources ( omnr ) . 2013 . extinct , not at risk and data deficient species in ontario list , 18 april 2013 .
page , l . m . and b . m . burr . 2011 . peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of north america north of mexico , second edition . houghton mifflin harcourt . boston , ma . xix + 663 pp .
page , l . m . , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , r . n . lea , n . e . mandrak , r . l . mayden , and j . s . nelson . 2013 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states , canada , and mexico . 7th edition . american fisheries society , spec . publ . 34 . bethesda , md . 243 pp .
phillips , g . l . , w . d . schmid , and j . c . underhill . 1982 . fishes of the minnesota region . university of minnesota press . minneapolis , mn . x + 248 pp .
scott , w . b . 1967 . freshwater fishes of eastern canada , second edition . university of toronto press . toronto , on . xii + 137 pp .
scott , w . b . and e . j . crossman . 1973 . freshwater fishes of canada . bull . fish . res . board can . 184 . [ 1998 reprint ] galt house publications ltd . oakville , on . xx + 966 pp .
scharpf , c . 2006 . annotated checklist of north american freshwater fishes , including subspecies and undescribed forms . part ii : catostomidae through mugilidae . american currents 32 ( 4 ) : 1 - 39 .
simon , t . p . 1999 . assessment of balon’s reproductive guilds with application to midwestern north american freshwater fishes . pages 97 - 122 in t . p . simon [ ed ] . assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities . crc press . boca raton , fl . xx + 671 pp .
smith , c . l . 1985 . the inland fishes of new york state . new york state department of environmental conservation . albany , ny . xi + 522 pp .
wismer , d . a . and a . e . christie . 1987 . temperature relationships of great lakes fishes : a data compilation . great lakes fish . comm . spec . pub . 87 - 3 . 195 pp .
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research curator of fishes , north carolina state museum of natural sciences , research laboratory , 4301 reedy creek rd . , raleigh , nc , 27607 , usa
banks , r . c . , r . w . mcdiarmid , a . l . gardner , and w . c . starnes
checklist of vertebrates of the united states , the u . s . territories , and canada
nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , h . espinosa - pérez , l . t . findley , c . r . gilbert , et al . , eds .
full author list : nelson , joseph s . , edwin j . crossman , héctor espinosa - pérez , lloyd t . findley , carter r . gilbert , robert n . lea , and james d . williams
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
robins , c . r . , r . m . bailey , c . e . bond , j . r . brooker , e . a . lachner , r . n . lea , and w . b . scott . 1991 . common and scientific names of fishes from the united states and canada . american fisheries society , special publication 20 . 183 pp .
formerly occurred in lake nipigon and all of the great lakes except lake erie ; now evidently extirpated in lakes ontario and nipigon and declining in lakes superior and huron ; introduced alewife ( food competitor ) apparently contributed to the decline .


callanthias is a genus of splendid perches primarily found in subtropical parts of the pacific ocean , but c. allporti just barely penetrates the southeast indian ocean , c. legras is found in the southeast atlantic , and c. ruber is found in the northeast atlantic , including the mediterranean .

they are found over rocky reefs at depths of 20 – 500 m ( 66 – 1,640 ft ) .

they are brightly marked in orange , pink , yellow and blue , and reach 18 – 60 cm ( 7.1 – 23.6 in ) depending on the species involved .

callanthias

scientific synonyms and common names callanthias lowe , 1839 gender : m ; proc . zool . soc . london , 7 : 76 type : callanthias paradiseus lowe , by monotypy . synonyms none .
a male splendid perch , callanthias australis . source : rudie h . kuiter / aquatic photographics . license : all rights reserved
callanthias australis is sexually dimorphic in colour , lacks yellow on chin and throat , and has a red pectoral - fin base .
callanthias ruber is caught in artisanal , recreational fisheries , and occurs as bycatch in offshore commercial trawls ( anderson jr . in press ) .
a rosy perch , callanthias allporti , in doubtful sound , fiordland , new zealand . source : ian skipworth / urltoken license : all rights reserved
callanthias allporti günther , a . 1876 , ann . mag . nat . hist . 4 17 ( 43 ) : 390 . type locality : tasmania
callanthias ruber is caught in artisanal , recreational fisheries , and occurs as bycatch in offshore commercial trawls ( anderson jr . in press ) . there are no known major threats .
callanthias ruber occurs in the eastern atlantic from the english channel ( occasional occurrences ) to mauritania , including madeira , the azores , and the canary islands . it also occurs throughout the mediterranean .
( of callanthias paradisaeus lowe , 1839 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of callanthias paradiseus lowe , 1839 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of callanthias peloritanus ( cocco , 1829 ) ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
callanthias platei australis ogilby , 1899 , proc . linn . soc . new south wales 24 : 173 . type locality : off norah head , 36 miles north of port jackson , new south wales , australia ( lectotype ) .
anderson , jr , w . d . , johnson , g . d . & baldwin , c . c . 2015 . review of the splendid perches , callanthias ( percoidei : callanthiidae ) . transactions of the american philosophical society 105 ( 3 ) : 126 pp .
callanthias ruber is not commonly caught in the northern extent of its range near the english channel ( anderson jr . in press ) . it is one of the most abundant species present on the seine seamount in the northeast atlantic ( 180 km northeast of madeira ; christiansen et al . 2009 ) .
justification : callanthias ruber is restricted to the eastern northern atlantic where it can be abundant near seamounts . it is a demersal species that forms large shoals . it occurs as bycatch in a few commercial fisheries , but is not utilized . there are no major threats . therefore , this species is listed as least concern .
ty - jour ti - a new species of callanthias ( pisces : perciformes : percoidei : callanthiidae ) from the southeastern pacific ocean t2 - proceedings of the biological society of washington . vl - 97 ur - urltoken pb - biological society of washington cy - washington , py - 1984 sp - 942 ep - 950 sn - 0006 - 324x au - anderson , william d au - johnson , g david er -
justification : callanthias ruber is a small , deepwater species with no known threats . there is no population information on this species but it is widespread and occurs in a fair number of museum records , so it appears to be common within its range . this species is considered least concern because of its deepwater habitat , wide range and small size . however , it is strongly recommended that further studies be carried out to determine if there are any population trends and to properly document its relative abundance in the mediterranean .
@ article { bhlpart46221 , title = { a new species of callanthias ( pisces : perciformes : percoidei : callanthiidae ) from the southeastern pacific ocean } , journal = { proceedings of the biological society of washington . } , volume = { 97 } , copyright = { in copyright . digitized with the permission of the rights holder . } , url = urltoken publisher = { washington , biological society of washington } , author = { anderson , william d and johnson , g david } , year = { 1984 } , pages = { 942 - - 950 } , }
callanthias ruber is a demersal species with a maximum size of 18 cm sl ( commonly to 15 cm ) that is found over rocky and muddy bottoms or in submarine caves . it is described as carnivorous . this species is likely a protogynous hermaphrodite that is ripe in december and january where it ranges in the mediterranean ( anderson jr . in press ) . vakily et al . ( 2002 ) describe c . ruber as demersal with a maximum size of 60 cm tl off of west africa . it was observed forming large shoals at a density of 428 . 6 individuals / m 3 during a survey in the azorean archipelago ( pakhorukov 2008 ) .
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greek , kalos , kallos = beautiful + greek , anthias = a fish ( sparus aurata ) ( ref . 45335 )
marine ; reef - associated . subtropical ; 25°s - 35°s , 83°w - 76°w ( ref . 89357 )
pequeño , g . , 1989 . peces de chile . lista sistematica revisada y comentada . rev . biol . mar . , valparaiso 24 ( 2 ) : 1 - 132 . ( ref . 9068 )
phylogenetic diversity index ( ref . 82805 ) : pd 50 = 0 . 5039 [ uniqueness , from 0 . 5 = low to 2 . 0 = high ] .
bayesian length - weight : a = 0 . 01000 ( 0 . 00244 - 0 . 04107 ) , b = 3 . 04 ( 2 . 81 - 3 . 27 ) , in cm total length , based on all lwr estimates for this body shape ( ref . 93245 ) .
trophic level ( ref . 69278 ) : 3 . 5 ±0 . 5 se ; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
vulnerability ( ref . 59153 ) : low to moderate vulnerability ( 27 of 100 ) .
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van der land , j . ; costello , m . j . ; zavodnik , d . ; santos , r . s . ; porteiro , f . m . ; bailly , n . ; eschmeyer , w . n . ; froese , r . ( 2001 ) . pisces , in : costello , m . j . et al . ( ed . ) ( 2001 ) . european register of marine species : a check - list of the marine species in europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . collection patrimoines naturels , 50 : pp . 357 - 374 ( look up in imis ) [ details ]
froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of bodianus peloritanus cocco , 1829 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of anthias buphthalmos bonaparte , 1833 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of lepimphis ruber rafinesque , 1810 ) froese , r . & d . pauly ( editors ) . ( 2018 ) . fishbase . world wide web electronic publication . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
king , c . m . ; roberts , c . d . ; bell , b . d . ; fordyce , r . e . ; nicoll , r . s . ; worthy , t . h . ; paulin , c . d . ; hitchmough , r . a . ; keyes , i . w . ; baker , a . n . ; stewart , a . l . ; hiller , n . ; mcdowall , r . m . ; holdaway , r . n . ; mcphee , r . p . ; schwarzhans , w . w . ; tennyson , a . j . d . ; rust , s . ; macadie , i . ( 2009 ) . phylum chordata : lancelets , fishes , amphibians , reptiles , birds , mammals , in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) ( 2009 ) . new zealand inventory of biodiversity : 1 . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . pp . 431 - 554 . [ details ]
smith , j . l . b . ( 1961 ) . fishes of the family anthiidae from the western indian ocean and the red sea . ichthyological bulletin no . 21 . 359 - 369 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
a pink splendid perch with a yellow chin , throat , and pectoral - fin base , iridescent blue eyes , and yellowish upper and lower caudal - fin lobes which may be filamentous in adults . some individuals are almost all reddish or reddish - orange .
seal rocks , new south wales , to tasmania and eastern victoria ; also at norfolk island , tasman sea , and in new zealand .
dorsal fin xi , 10 ; anal fin iii , 10 ( rarely iii , 9 ) ; pectoral fin 20 - 23 ( usually 20–22 ) ; pseudobranch with 20 - 30 filaments ; gillrakers 7 - 10 + 22 - 27—total 30 - 36 ; tubed lateral - line scales 36 - 47 ( usually 37 - 42 ) ; circum - caudal - peduncular scales 21 - 25 ; scales between anal - fin origin and lateral line 15 - 20 ( usually 17 - 18 ) . caudal fin emarginate to lunate , often with long filamentous lobes in adults . epineurals associated with first 10 to 14 vertebrae . epurals 3 ( very rarely 2 ) . lateral aspect of snout ( usually ) and lachrymal with scales . gular region rarely with a few scales anteriorly . membranes of dorsal , anal , pectoral , and pelvic fins without scales , but scales sometimes present at bases of fins ; caudal fin well covered with scales for considerable distance out onto fin ( in some specimens almost entire fin covered with scales ) . ( johnson & anderson 2015 )
the species is named allport i for martin allport , a tasmanian lawyer , who made extensive collections of fishes and sent specimens to albert günther at the british museum .
anderson , jr , w . d . , johnson , g . d . & baldwin , c . c . 2015 . review of the splendid perches ,
günther , a . 1876 . remarks on fishes , with descriptions of new species in the british museum , chiefly from southern seas .
basslets , hamlets and their relatives . a comprehensive guide to selected serranidae and plesiopidae .
roberts , c . d . & gomon , m . f . 2008 . families polyprionidae , serranidae and callanthiidae . pp . 534 - 549 in gomon , m . f . , bray , d . j . & kuiter , r . h . ( eds ) .
females and juveniles are uniformly pinkish - red with a red pectoral - fin base . males are deep purple on the head and anterior body , with a reddish rear , a yellow caudal fin with purple lobes , and yellow to brownish dorsal and anal fins with blue margins . while spawning , males become orange - red with a whitish lattice pattern , whitish fins with reddish or orange markings , and red tips on the tail .
moreton bay , queensland , to off rottnest island , western australia , with an unconfirmed record from near shark bay , wa . elsewhere the species is found in northern new zealand . inhabits deeper rocky reefs and pinnacles at 20–365 m . juveniles are sometimes found inshore in depths of 10 m to 20 m .
dorsal fin xi , 11 ( very rarely x , 12 ; xi , 10 ; or xi , 12 ) ; anal fin iii , 11 ( rarely iii , 10 ) ; caudal fin 17 ; pectoral fin 18 - 23 ( usually 21 - 22 ) ; pelvic fin i , 5 ; lateral line 35 - 41 ( usually 35 - 40 ) ; pseudobranch with 11 to 43 filaments , tending to increase in number with growth . gillrakers 7 - 11 + 23 - 28 = 30 - 38 ( usually 32 - 36 ) ; tubed lateral - line scales 31 - 42 , usually 35 - 40 , very rarely fewer than 34 ; circum - caudal - peduncular scales 21 - 25 . scales between anal fin origin and lateral line 13 - 19 .
body depth 26–36 % sl ; head length 24–31 % sl ; eye diameter 30–45 % hl ; scales below lateral line 13–18 .
caudal fin emarginate to almost truncate , larger individuals frequently with elongated lobes . epineurals associated with first 11 - 14 vertebrae . epurals 3 ( rarely 2 ) . anterodorsal and lateral aspects of snout usually with scales , lachrymal with scales . gular region rarely with a few scales anteriorly . membranes of dorsal and anal fins without scales ; pectoral and pelvic fins scaly basally ; caudal fin well covered with scales for considerable distance out onto fin .
juveniles uniformly pink with pale blue fins . females orange to brick red ; fins pale bluish white to yellowish red with small reddish spots . males similar , but larger and more vivid with yellow on caudal peduncle and caudal fin , and mauve on head and upper part of body anteriorly ; pectoral fin mauve with red base ; dorsal and anal fins edged with iridescent blue ; deepwater individuals more yellowish .
the specific name australis is latin for “southern , ” in reference to the distribution of this species in the australian–new zealand region .
anderson , w . d . jr 1999 . family callanthiidae . pp . 2553 - 2554 in carpenter , k . e . & niem , t . h . ( eds ) . the living marine resources of the western central pacific . fao species identification guide for fisheries purposes . rome : fao vol . 4 pp . 2069 - 2790 .
grant , e . m . 2002 . guide to fishes . redcliffe : em grant pty ltd 880 pp .
hutchins , j . b . & swainston , r . 1986 . sea fishes of southern australia . complete field guide for anglers and divers . perth : swainston publishing 180 pp .
kuiter , r . h . 1993 . coastal fishes of south - eastern australia . bathurst : crawford house press 437 pp .
kuiter , r . h . 1994 . families serranidae , callanthiidae . pp . 528 - 548 figs 469 - 485 in gomon , m . f . , glover , c . j . m . & kuiter , r . h . ( eds ) . the fishes of australia ' s south coast . adelaide : state printer 992 pp . 810 figs .
kuiter , r . h . 1996 . guide to sea fishes of australia . a comprehensive reference for divers and fishermen . sydney , nsw , australia : new holland publishers xvii , 434 pp .
kuiter , r . h . 2004 . basslets , hamlets and their relatives . a comprehensive guide to selected serranidae and plesiopidae . chorleywood , uk : tmc publishing 1 , 216 pp .
may , j . l . & maxwell , j . g . h . 1986 . field guide to trawl fish from temperate waters of australia . hobart : csiro division of marine research 492 pp .
miskiewicz , a . g . , c . c . baldwin , j . m . leis & d . s . rennis . 2000 . callanthiidae . pp . 280–284 , in : j . m . leis & b . m . carson - ewart ( eds ) . the larvae of indo - pacific coastal fishes : an identification guide to marine fish larvae . brill , leiden , pp . i–xx + 1–850 .
ogilby , j . d . 1899 . contributions to australian ichthyology . proceedings of the linnean society of new south wales 24 ( 1 ) : 154 - 186
roberts , c . d . & gomon , m . f . 2008 . families polyprionidae , serranidae and callanthiidae . pp . 534 - 549 in gomon , m . f . , bray , d . j . & kuiter , r . h . ( eds ) . fishes of australia ' s southern coast . sydney : reed new holland 928 pp .
trnski , t . & a . g . miskiewicz . 1998 . callanthiidae : yellow - fin basses . pp . 189–191 , in : f . j . neira , a . g . miskiewicz & t . trnski ( eds ) . larvae of temperate australian fishes : laboratory guide for larval fish identification . university of western australia press , nedlands , western australia , pp . i–xx + 1–474 .
waite , e . r . 1921 . illustrated catalogue of the fishes of south australia . records of the south australian museum ( adelaide ) 2 ( 1 ) : 1 - 208 293 figs pl . 1
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thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
is distributed from 50 - 500 m depth in the eastern atlantic from the english channel to mauritania , including the azores , madeira and canary islands . elsewhere , it ranges throughout the mediterranean sea ( anderson jr . in press ) . vakily
albania ; algeria ; cape verde ; croatia ; cyprus ; egypt ; france ; gibraltar ; greece ; guernsey ; israel ; italy ; jersey ; lebanon ; libya ; malta ; mauritania ; monaco ; montenegro ; morocco ; portugal ( azores , madeira , portugal ( mainland ) ) ; senegal ; serbia ; slovenia ; spain ( canary is . , spain ( mainland ) ) ; syrian arab republic ; tunisia ; turkey ; united kingdom ; western sahara
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disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
the splendid perch is bright red or orange with red or yellow fins . juveniles are pink . the species occurs in temperate marine waters of australia and new zealand .
the splendid perch has a moderately elongate , compressed body . it has a small oblique mouth . the dorsal fin increases in height posteriorly the anal fin is long - based .
the species is bright red or orange with red or yellow fins . juveniles are pink .
the splendid perch occurs in temperate marine waters of australia and new zealand . in australia it is known from the central coast of new south wales , around the south of the country to southern western australia .
the map below shows the australian distribution of the species based on public sightings and specimens in australian museums . source : atlas of living australia .
the species is found at depths from 20 m to 200 m . juveniles sometimes occur at depths of 10 m to 20 m in inshore waters .
anderson , w . d . in carpenter , k . e . & niem , v . h . ( eds ) the living marine resources of the western central pacific . fao species identification guide for fisheries purposes . rome : fao vol . 4 pp . 2069 - 2790 .
hutchins , b . & r . swainston . 1986 . sea fishes of southern australia . complete field guide for anglers and divers . swainston publishing . pp . 180 .
kuiter , r . h . in gomon , m . f . , glover , c . j . m . & r . h . kuiter ( eds ) . 1994 . the fishes of australia ' s south coast . state print , adelaide . pp . 992 .
kuiter , r . h . 1996 . guide to sea fishes of australia . new holland . pp . 433 .
kuiter , r . h . 2000 . coastal fishes of south - eastern australia . gary allen . pp . 437 .
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lowe , r . t . 1839 . a supplement to a synopsis of the fishes of madeira . proc . zool . soc . london , 7 : pp . 76 - 92 ( also publ . in trans . zool . soc . lond . , 1842 , 3 ( 1 ) : pp . 1 - 20 ) .
sorry , there are no images or audio / video clips available for this taxon .
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this is a small , deepwater species that has very little population - relevant information and no fishery statistics available .
this demersal species is found on rocks and muddy substrata at depths of 50 to 500 m . it is most frequently caught in trawls between 300 and 500 m in turkey ( c . bizsel pers . comm . 2007 ) .
there are no known major threats for this species . it has no commercial value and is mainly caught as bycatch in trawls .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .