the rufous-naped wood rail or russet-naped wood rail ( aramides albiventris ) is a species of bird in the family rallidae .

it lives primarily in forests and mangroves of central america .

rufous - naped wood rail

2016 - a - 6 split rufous - naped wood - rail aramides albiventris from grey - necked wood - rail a . cajaneus ( subcommittee formed to come up with acceptable english names )
change the english name of the polytypic group campylorhynchus rufinucha [ capistratus group ] from rufous - naped wren ( guatemalan ) to rufous - naped wren ( rufous - backed ) .
the tsingy wood rail , canirallus beankaensis , has been newly discovered within the madagascan wood rail complex . see goodman et al . ( 2011 ) .
the giant wood - rail is a large , terrestrial rail of south brazil and uruguay , eastern paraguay , and northeast argentina .
subspecies nigricaudatus , previously included in the polytypic group rufous - naped wren ( west mexico ) campylorhynchus rufinucha humilis / nigricaudatus , properly belongs with the polytypic group rufous - naped wren ( rufous - backed ) campylorhynchus rufinucha [ capistratus group ] . reposition nigricaudatus to immediately follow the heading for this group . the group rufous - naped wren ( west mexico ) becomes monotypic ; change the scientific name of this group to campylorhynchus rufinucha humilis , and change the english name to rufous - naped wren ( sclater’s ) .
the giant wood rail ( aramides ypecaha ) is a species of bird in the family rallidae .
the tsingy wood rail , canirallus beankaensis , has been newly discovered within the madagascan wood rail complex . see goodman et al . ( 2011 ) . [ rallidae , pelecanae i , 2 . 55 ]
the smallest rail in north america , the black rail is perhaps the most secretive too .
the king rail ( rallus elegans ) is a waterbird , the largest north american rail .
the rufous - sided crake is a small , slender rail whose range encompasses most of the south american continent .
a large rail of freshwater marshes , the king rail has declined alarmingly in much of its range over the last 40 years .
gray - breasted wood - wren : in addition to the split of santa marta wood - wren ( see above ) , we remove subspecies hilaris from the gray - breasted wood - wren ( andean ) henicorhina leucophrys [ leucophrys group ] .
yes . but i would have appreciated a bit more analysis in the motion as to how the calls differed . they had fewer samples on xeno - canto on rufous - naped .
based on maley ( 2012 ) and maley and brumfield ( 2013 ) , king rail , rallus elegans , has been split into king rail , rallus elegans ( eastern north america , cuba ) and aztec rail , rallus tenuirostris ( central mexico ) . further , clapper rail , rallus longirostris , has been split into clapper rail , rallus crepitans , ( caribbean and eastern north america ) , ridgway ' s rail , rallus obsoletus , ( western north america ) , and mangrove rail , rallus longirostris , ( south america ) .
gray - breasted wood - wren henicorhina leucophrys is split , as our former monotypic subspecies group gray - breasted wood - wren ( anachoreta ) henicorhina leucophrys anachoreta is elevated to species level in accord with aou - sacc ( proposal 700 ) as santa marta wood - wren henicorhina anachoreta . santa marta wood - wren occurs at the higher elevations , but comes in contact with gray - breasted wood - wren at lower elevations in the high foothills of the santa marta range . they are vocally distinct .
raty ' s reanalysis grouped together a few species that look like black rail ( jamaicensis ) . the galapagos rail belongs here too . the old name creciscus ( cabanis 1857 , type jamaicensis ) applies to the group . presumably the inaccessible island rail , atlantisia rogersi , and ascension rail , mundia elpenor are close relatives .
gray - breasted wood - wren ( hilaris ) henicorhina leucophrys hilaris – subtropical mts . of sw ecuador
subspecies darienensis is transferred from the group white - breasted wood - wren ( cherrie’s ) to the group white - breasted wood - wren ( black - capped ) ; and two subspecies , eucharis and inornata , are removed from the group white - breasted wood - wren ( black - capped ) to form a new group , white - breasted wood - wren ( choco ) henicorhina leucosticta inornata / eucharis .
change the scientific name of white - naped crane from grus vipio to antigone vipio ( krajewski et al . 2010 ) .
following the recent sacc decision , atlapetes rufinucha , is now simply bolivian brush - finch . note that ioc still uses rufous - naped brush - finch for atlapetes latinuchus . [ passerellidae , core passeroidea iv , 2 . 58a ]
the black - tailed nativehen ( tribonyx ventralis ) is a rail native to australia .
the gray - necked wood - rail is a large rallid distributed from argentina north to mexico . it is usually secretive but occasionally roams in the open near the edges of wetlands or mangroves .
the ruddy crake ( laterallus ruber ) is a bird in the rail family , rallidae .
because of its secretive nature , the yellow rail is infrequently encountered . the second - smallest rail in north america , it breeds in sedge marshes and winters in marshes and hay fields .
rufous gnateater conopophaga lineata is split with the recognition of ceara gnateater conopophaga cearae . this split was long anticipated , based on vocal differences between cearae and other subspecies of rufous gnateater and was confirmed with genetic data showing that ceara gnateater is more closely related to ash - throated gnateater ( conopophaga peruviana ) than it is to rufous gnateater .
subspecies hilaris is removed from the polytypic group gray - breasted wood - wren ( andean ) henicorhina leucophrys [ leucophrys group ] and is recognized as a new monotypic group , gray - breasted wood - wren ( hilaris ) henicorhina leucophrys hilaris .
the mangrove rail ( rallus longirostris ) is a species of bird in the family rallidae . it is found in south america . it was formerly considered conspecific with the clapper rail ( rallus crepitans ) . [
the slaty - breasted rail ( gallirallus striatus ) is a species of rail found in the indian subcontinent and southeast asia . breeding has been recorded in july near dehradun in the foothills of the indian himalayas .
rufous - bellied saltator is not a member of the genus saltator , but instead is closely related to the thraupid genus dubusia ( klicka et al . 2007 ) . in accord with aou - sacc ( proposal 722 ) , rufous - bellied saltator is placed in the monotypic genus pseudosaltator ( burns et al . 2016 ) , as pseudosaltator rufiventris . change the english name to rufous - bellied mountain - tanager . position rufous - belled mountain - tanager to immediately follow chestnut - bellied mountain - tanager dubusia castaneoventris .
the yellow rail ( coturnicops noveboracensis ) [ 2 ] is a small secretive marsh bird , of the family rallidae .
yes . the vocal differences alone are convincing , but the parapatry with no sign of gene flow is the nail in the coffin . i think that a separate proposal is needed , however , on english names because retention of gray - necked wood - rail for restricted
taylor , b . ( 2018 ) . rufous - necked wood - rail ( aramides axillaris ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
the plumbeous rail is the most widespread rail in the southern half of south america . it is found as far north as southern ecuador , but reaches all the way south to tierra del fuego , making it also the southernmost of the continent’s rails .
change the scientific name of the group gray - breasted wood - wren ( andean ) from henicorhina leucophrys [ leucophrys group ] to henicorhina leucophrys leucophrys / boliviana .
the rails have suffered disproportionally from human changes to the environment and it is estimated that several hundred species of island rail have become extinct because of this . several island species of rail remain endangered and conservation organisations and governments continue to work to prevent their extinction .
change the scientific name of the group white - breasted wood - wren ( cherrie’s ) from henicorhina leucosticta [ pittier i group ] to henicorhina leucosticta pittieri / costaricensis .
the ruddy - breasted crake ( porzana fusca ) , or ruddy crake , is a waterbird in the rail and crake family rallidae .
record conversion was straightforward ; both species occur in ceara , but rufous gnateater is restricted to the far south of that state where ceara gnateater does not occur .
in accord with aou - sacc ( proposal 684 ) , the monotypic group rufous gnateater ( ceara ) conopophaga lineata cearae is elevated to species rank as ceara gnateater conopophaga cearae . this split long was anticipated , based on vocal differences between cearae and other subspecies of rufous gnateater ( whitney 2003 ) , and was confirmed with genetic data showing that ceara gnateater is more closely related to ash - throated gnateater ( conopophaga peruviana ) than it is to rufous gnateater ( batalha - filho et al . 2014 ) .
the extinct sharpe ' s rail , gallirallus sharpei , is known from one specimen from an unknown location . according to bird life international , it is now thought to have been a color morph of buff - banded rail , gallirallus philippensis . the information they cite remains to be published .
following nominate cajaneus , insert a previously overlooked subspecies , avicenniae ( stotz 1992 ) , with range “mangroves of southeastern brazil ( são paulo south at least to paraná , and possibly to santa catarina ) ” . we also recognize avicenniae as a new monotypic group , gray - cowled wood - rail ( gray - backed ) .
the scientific name of the new guinea flightless rail is gallirallus ineptus , not g . inepta . [ rallidae , pelecanae i , 2 . 55g ]
the red - knobbed coot or crested coot , ( fulica cristata ) , is a member of the rail and crake bird family , the rallidae .
woodhouse’s scrub - jay is slimmer , narrower - billed , duskier below , and has a less distinct bluish breast spur than california scrub - jay . photo by chris wood / macaulay library .
the lord howe woodhen ( gallirallus sylvestris ) also known as the lord howe island woodhen or lord howe ( island ) rail , is a flightless bird of the rail family , ( rallidae ) . it is endemic to lord howe island off the australian coast . it is currently classified as endangered by the iucn .
there ' s a gender correction for the rufous - tailed foliage - gleaner . it should be a . ruficaudata , not ruficaudatum . [ furnariidae , furnariida ii , 2 . 64a ] .
the gender has been corrected for spotted wren - babbler , now elachura formosa , and rufous - throated wren - babbler , now elachura caudata . [ pnoepygidae , sylvioidea i , 2 . 60a ]
in accord with aou - sacc ( proposal 628 ) , based on isler et al . ( 2013 ) , change the scientific name of rufous - faced antbird from schistocichla rufifacies to myrmelastes rufifacies .
the buff - banded rail is a medium - sized stout rail with short legs . it has a distinctive grey eyebrow and an orange - brown band on its streaked breast . the lores , cheek and hindneck are rich chestnut . the chin and throat are grey , the upperparts streaked brown and the underparts barred black and white .
gray - breasted wood - wren ( andean ) henicorhina leucophrys leucophrys / boliviana - andes of colombia to ecuador and peru to subtrop . mts . of w bolivia ( cochabamba , la paz and santa cruz )
revise the range description of the monotypic group black - naped oriole ( east asian ) oriolus chinensis diffusus from “e asia ; > to india , malaysia and indochina” to “breeds east asia ; winters from india to indochina and the thai - malay peninsula” .
the polytypic group band - winged nightjar ( band - winged ) systellura longirostris [ longirostris group ] is broken up , and results in a total of four groups : the monotypic group band - winged nightjar ( rufous - naped ) systellura longirostris ruficervix ; the monotypic group band - winged nightjar ( atripunctata ) systellura longirostris atripunctata ; a polytypic group band - winged nightjar ( austral ) systellura longirostris bifasciata / patagonica ; and a monotypic band - winged nightjar ( longirostris ) systellura longirostris longirostris .
this rail had essentially been lost to science . after 1958 there were no more records of it from either chile or argentina and some contemplated the species had gone extinct . it was rediscovered in 1998 and its voice was recorded . playback has allowed the austral rail to be located in various places ranging from magallanes , chile to the valdez peninsula in chubut , argentina .
horsfield ' s thrush , zoothera horsfieldi , has been merged into scaly thrush , zoothera dauma . there is insufficient evidence to treat as a separate species . see collar ( 2004 ) . also , grayson ' s thrush , turdus graysoni , has been merged with rufous - backed robin / rufous - backed thrush , turdus rufopalliatus . although it may be a distinct species , solid evidence is lacking . [ turdidae , muscicapoidea ii , 2 . 63 ]
the tasmanian nativehen ( also tasmanian native - hen or tasmanian native hen ) ( tribonyx mortierii ) is a flightless rail and one of twelve species of birds endemic to the australian island of tasmania .
the term
thin as a rail
is a comparison to members of the rallidae . many are adapted to living in wetlands , slipping silently between reeds , and making them almost invisible to observers .
the rouget ' s rail ( rougetius rougetii ) is a species of bird in the rallidae family . it is the only member of the genus rougetius . it is found in eritrea and ethiopia . . .
the virginia rail ( rallus limicola ) is a small waterbird , of the family rallidae . these birds remain fairly common despite continuing loss of habitat , but are secretive by nature and more often heard than seen .
record conversion was tricky in some cases , and please check all your records . in particular , the range limits of rufous - backed and madeira antwrens still have some questions . documented records supported with rich media ( especially audio recordings ) are strongly encouraged .
a secretive bird of freshwater marshes , the virginia rail most often remains hidden in dense vegetation . it possesses many adaptations for moving through its habitat , including a laterally compressed body , long toes , and flexible vertebrae .
the rufous - sided crake ( laterallus melanophaius ) is a species of bird in the family rallidae . it is found in argentina , bolivia , brazil , colombia , ecuador , guyana , paraguay , peru , suriname , uruguay , and venezuela . its natural habitat is swamps .
the second tribe is himantornithini , so called because it contains the nkulengu rail , himantornis haematopus , which was previously thought to be a very basal member of rallidae . surprisingly , it is not only not basal , but seems to be sister to the new guinea flightless rail , megacrex inepta . these group with the striped crake , aenigmatolimnas marginalis , white - browed crake , poliolimnas cinereus , watercock , gallicrex cinerea , and the amaurornis bush - hens and waterhen .
the austral rail ( rallus antarcticus ) is a species of bird in the family rallidae . it is found in argentina and chile . its natural habitats are swamps , freshwater lakes , and freshwater marshes . it is threatened by habitat loss .
the white - throated crake has occasionally been considered conspecific with the rufous - sided crake ( laterallus melanophaius ) , although most modern commentators have preferred to retain them as separate species , and indeed the present species might prove to be more closely related to gray - breasted crake ( laterallus exilis ) .
the ruddy crake ( sometimes known as the red rail ) is one of the most northerly members of its genus . it occurs along both the pacific and caribbean coasts of central america from costa rica north to guerrero in southwestern mexico and tamaulipas in northeastern mexico .
the plumbeous rail ( pardirallus sanguinolentus ) is a species of bird in the family rallidae . it is found in argentina , bolivia , brazil , chile , ecuador , paraguay , peru and uruguay , and is a vagrant to the falkland islands . its natural habitat is swamps .
a small , secretive bird of freshwater marshes , the sora is the most common and widely distributed rail in north america . its distinctive descending whinny call can be easily heard from the depths of the cattails , but actually seeing the little marsh - walker is much more difficult .
the purple gallinule ( porphyrio martinicus ) is a
swamp hen
in the rail family , rallidae . also known locally as the yellow - legged gallinule . [ 2 ] the genus name porphyrio is the latin for
swamphen
, and martinica is
of martinique
.
there are also a few scientific name corrections in the tanager family . these restore the original spelling . rufous - sided warbling - finch is poospiza hypocondria , not hypochondria ; cinereous finch is piezorina cinerea , not piezorhina ; bright - rumped yellow - finch is sicalis uropigyalis , not uropygialis . [ thraupidae , core passeroidea iii , 2 . 62a ]
record conversion was simple here , except in costa rica , where the two species may come in contact along the central pacific coast , with gray - cowled to the south and east and russet - naped to the north and west , including the atlantic slope and intermontane valleys . please check your records carefully from these areas , upload audio recordings and photos if you have them , and use the slash option if the records are uncertain .
striped crake is closely related to species currently assigned to the genus amaurornis ( slikas et al . 2002 ) . in accord with dickinson and remsen ( 2013 ) , change the scientific name of striped crake from aenigmatolimnas marginalis to amaurornis marginalis . reposition striped crake to immediately follow rufous - tailed bush - hen amaurornis moluccana and white - browed crake amaurornis cinerea .
wood , j . r . , h . a . lawrence , r . p . scofield , g . a . taylor , p . o’b . lyver , and d . m . gleeson . 2016 . morphological , behavioural , and genetic evidence supports reinstatement of full species status for the grey - faced petrel , pterodroma macroptera gouldi ( procellariiformes : procellariidae ) . zoological journal of the linnean society .
the sora ( porzana carolina ) is a small waterbird of the family rallidae , sometimes also referred to as the sora rail or sora crake . the genus name porzana is derived from venetian terms for small rails , and carolina refers to the carolina colony . [ 2 ]
sora
is probably taken from a native american language .
the purple swamphen is a large rail . it is mainly dusky black above , with a broad dark blue collar , and dark blue to purple below . as the purple swamphen walks , it flicks its tail up and down , revealing its white undertail . the bill is red and robust , and the legs and feet orange - red .
the watercock ( gallicrex cinerea ) is a waterbird in the rail and crake family , rallidae . it is the only member of the genus gallicrex . traditionally held to be closely related to moorhens ( which the adult male visually resembles a lot ) , it is actually member of a mostly tropical asian clade containing also aenigmatolimnas , amaurornis , himantornis and megacrex .
pardirallini is a clade of neotropical rails . there are two clades in pardirallini . the first consists of the the former cyanolimnas and neocrex rails and the ash - throated crake . the latter is the type of mustelirallus ( bonaparte 1856 ) , and i ' ve put merged cyanolimnas and neocrex into mustelirallus . these are sister to pardirallus , completing the first clade . the second contains the aramides wood - rails and the uniform crake ( amaurolimnas ) .
this bcr is comprised of the sierra de juárez and the sierra de san pedro mártir , two similar ibas located in northern baja california . vegetation types rise with elevation from mediterranean chaparral to pine - oak and pine forests . high priority birds include oak titmouse , wrentit , california thrasher , western scrub - jay , rufous - crowned sparrow , bewick’s wren , california towhee , loggerhead shrike , california gnatcatcher , california quail , mountain quail and mountain chickadee .
the black rail ( laterallus jamaicensis ) is a mouse - sized member of the bird family rallidae . it is found in scattered parts of north america and the pacific region of south america , usually in coastal salt marshes but also in some freshwater marshes . it is extinct or threatened in many locations due to habitat loss . the largest populations in north america are in florida and california .
the eurasian coot ( fulica atra ) , also known as coot , is a member of the rail and crake bird family , the rallidae . the scientific name is from latin ; fulica is
coot
, and atra is
black
. [ 3 ] it is found in europe , asia , australia and parts of africa . the australian subspecies is known as the australian coot .
each of the two monotypic groups of great - winged petrel is elevated to species rank , based on differences in mitochondrial dna , vocalizations , plumage , morphometrics , and in other aspects of their biology ( wood et al . 2016 ; see also onley and scofield 2007 and howell 2012 ) : great - winged petrel ( great - winged ) pterodroma macroptera macroptera becomes great - winged petrel pterodroma macroptera , and great - winged petrel ( gray - faced ) pterodroma macroptera gouldi becomes gray - faced petrel pterodroma gouldi .
the genus porzana is not monophyletic ( slikas et al . 2002 , garcia - r . et al . 2014 ) . in accord with dickinson and remsen ( 2013 ) , change the scientific name of white - browed crake from porzana cinerea to amaurornis cinerea . reposition white - browed crake to immediately follow rufous - tailed bush - hen amaurornis moluccana . revise the range description from “malaysia and philippines to coastal n australia and sw oceania” to “southern thailand , indochina , and the philippines to coastal northern australia and southwestern oceania” .
the corn crake , corncrake or landrail ( crex crex ) is a bird in the rail family . it breeds in europe and asia as far east as western china , and migrates to africa for the northern hemisphere ' s winter . it is a medium - sized crake with buff - or grey - streaked brownish - black upperparts , chestnut markings on the wings , and blue - grey underparts with rust - coloured and white bars on the flanks and undertail .
the takahē , notornis , or south island takahē ( porphyrio hochstetteri ) , is a flightless bird indigenous to new zealand and belonging to the rail family . it was thought to be extinct after the last four known specimens were taken in 1898 . however , after a carefully planned search effort the bird was rediscovered by geoffrey orbell near lake te anau in the murchison mountains , south island , on 20 november 1948 . the specific scientific name commemorates the austrian geologist ferdinand von hochstetter .
several alternate names have been removed due to ioc name changes . birds affected include three owls : rufous owl , ninox rufa , powerful owl , ninox strenua ; and four brush - finches : sierra nevada brush - finch , arremon basilicus , perija brush - finch , arremon perijanus , caracas brush - finch , arremon phaeopleurus , and paria brush - finch , arremon phygas . i ' ve also removed the alternate name from gray - browed brush - finch , arremon assimilis . [ strigidae , anomalogonates i , 2 . 64a ] [ passerellidae , core passeroidea iv , 2 . 58b ]
we now turn to the rallinae . the genera are ordered based on garcía - r . et al . ( 2014 ) , except for four genera that have not be dna - tested . biensis is often considered part of rallus , but livezey ( 1999 ) found that suggested that the madagascan rail is not closely related to rallus , so it is placed in its own genus , biensis ( pucheran 1845 ) . it ' s not clear whether it is closer to rallus or to gallirallus , so i have placed it between the two groups .
in accord with aou - sacc ( proposal 589 ) , each of the three subspecies of stipple - throated antwren epinecrophylla haematonota is elevated to species rank , following whitney et al . ( 2013 ) : the monotypic group stipple - throated antwren ( negro ) epinecrophylla haematonota pyrrhonota becomes fulvous - throated antwren epinecrophylla pyrrhonota ; the monotypic group stipple - throated antwren ( napo ) epinecrophylla haematonota haematonota becomes rufous - backed antwren epinecrophylla haematonota ; and the monotypic group stipple - throated antwren ( madeira ) epinecrophylla haematonota amazonica becomes madeira antwren epinecrophylla amazonica . all of these english names are provisional , pending a final decision on this issue by aou - sacc ( see proposal 696 ) .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
ioc _ names _ file _ plus - 8 . 2g : 8 . 2
rails in the sarothruridae ( livezey 1998 , but see garcia et al . 2014 )
now permanently invalid under iczn art . 59 . 3 . h & m 4 : 154 .
evidence suggests the species survived well into the 19th century . cooper & tennyson 2004
of eastern north america ( maley & brumfield 2013 , nacc 2014 - a - 5 ) .
( marcondes & silveira 2015 , english name follows nacc 2016 - a - 6 ) .
n moluccas , misool i . , new guinea , aru i . , karkar , new ireland
recognized based on knox & walters 1994 . often synonymized with nominate , but morphologically distinct .
sangihe i . , moluccas , misool i . , w and n new guinea
. taylor , 1996 , taylor , 1998 , hockey et al , 2005 .
( vieillot , 1819 ) which not likely attributable to this form . h & m 4 : 158 , hellmayr & conover , 1942 .
change english name of purple swamphen to western swamphen , following splits ( 5 . 3 ) of this species complex ( sangster 1998 , garcia - r & trewick 2015 )
eu , or : middle east and indian subcontinent to s china , n thailand , andaman and nicobar is and s myanmar to c and s indochina to the malay pen .
. garcia - r & trewcik , 2015 , roselaar ( in litt . )
india and sri lanka to sw china and n thailand , andaman and nicobar is .
] is complex and poorly understood
( sangster , 1998 ) . it is a variable form “intermediate between
resembling the former in the color of the head and neck and the latter in other plumage” ( taylor , 1998 ) . they are individually variable in regards to mantle color and the degree of grey on the sides of the head ( wells , 1999 ) . traditionally associated with the “
” group ( i . e . roselaar in cramp et al , 1980 ; ripley , 1977 ; sangster , 1998 , garcia - r . and trewick , 2015 ) , but many individuals are inseparable in the field from
would seem arbitrary based merely on phenotypic characteristics . no specimens from southeast asia were included in the recent genetic study of this group ( garcia - r . and trewick , 2015 ) . tentatively treated here as a subspecies of
n , e australia , tasmania , new zealand , lord howe , norfolk , chatham and kermadec is .
admiralty is . to new caledonia , solomon is . , fiji and samoa .
. trewick , 1996 . change english name from mohoau to north island takahe .
species epithet treated as a noun in apposition , thus invariable . schodde & bock , 2016 .
( collar & stuart 1985 ) ; bli recognizes ; change name to traditional
moorhen
( p . ryan )
common gallinule of western hemisphere is split from common moorhen on the basis of morphological , genetic , and vocal differences ( groenenberg et al . 2008 , sacc 416 , nacc - 2010 - 10 )
, a white shield color morph of american coot ( hbw alive , donegan et al . 2015 , nacc 2016 - a - 9 )
as a synonym . a color morph ( gill 1964 , taylor 1998 ) .
proposed revision of trumpeter species taxonomy under review ( ribas et al . 2012 , sacc 607 )
yes . probably one of the most detailed molecular analyses of a hybrid zone between two near - species populations . interesting stuff going on , but overall it is clear there is very little introgression at anything other than a micro - geographical scale , arguing for widespread selection against hybrids . the behavioral , vocal , and morphological divergence argue for species status as well .
yes . although they do interbreed , the hybrid zone is narrow and there is evidence for negative selection ; they show ecological differences correlated with morphological differences ; there are vocal differences ; and they form a strongly divergent clade . however , based on xeno - canto’s sample , i can’t agree with the characterization of vocalizations as differing in primarily being 1 - vs . 2 - noted , and the pitch differences seem obscure , but other weak vocal differences do seem to exist .
yes . they differ in ecology , morphology , vocalizations , and genetics . gene flow occurs only in a small contact zone ; the two proposed species are maintaining their integrity in the face of this limited gene flow and will continue to do so . as irby points out , steep cline shape also strengthens the argument for splitting .
yes . the situation in western scrub - jays is similar to that between oak / juniper titmice , also sagebrush / bell ' s sparrows . the sharp and coincident clines in ecology , morphology , genetics , and ( qualitatively ) vocalizations together support a split .
yes . a split seems in order , but i do not know these birds well , and would tend to follow others who know more .
yes . i’ve really struggled with this one for weeks . with the comment in the motion that the pine nut mountains , the range just to the north of topaz lake on the ca / nv line ( us 395 runs along the west side of these mountains ) ,
all variety from possible f1’s to advanced backcrosses ,
it’s hard to get enthusiastic for a split under the bsc concept . after all , here’s the ideal situation , a location where the two species are sympatric and they don’t seem to behave as separate species . the situation is just as pitelka described more than a half century ago . on the other hand , the aou split off
yes , no hybrids , but probably the 20 miles of separating ocean has something to do with this . can anyone seriously argue , that if we built a broad causeway from the mainland to santa cruz island with loads of live oaks with acorns and coastal birds made it to the island , there wouldn’t be hybridization on a level of the pine nut mountains ? the
group has always struck me as more different from the coastal group than the coastal group is from the island birds on the basis of plumage , vocalizations , and especially behavior and this is apparently supported genetically as well . i consider the status quo as unacceptable . either lump
. however , the genetic data does indicate that the taxa seem to mate randomly in the one small area of overlap . there may be selection against the hybrids moving away from that site , but it seems like the lack of introgression is mostly a feature of swamping by the much larger populations of the pure types versus the tiny number of hybrids because of the geography . i think i need something more before i can vote to split
. we expect to see such species whenever you have a small isolate separated out from a large widespread species .
no , tentatively and subject to change pending comments from others . the new studies on
genetics are rigorous , fascinating , and important to the study of evolution at the population level . however , this proposal seeks to elevate the
group to species rank based on new genetic data that , in my view , do not clearly support that taxonomic treatment . although presented in support of species rank , my interpretation ( open to correction ! ) is that gene flow is restricted only by the small size of the contact zones and possible selection against hybrids outside the hybrid zone .
yes . i appreciate the arguments on both sides , but think that ' whitestart ' is a better name in this particular case .
by the nacc is no longer stable . rogue field guide authors and alternative checklists have embraced the far better name
whitestart ,
such that the nacc and its adherents are nearly alone in using
redstart .
it is time to face the inevitable and adopt the better name . not doing so makes us look like anachronistic old cranks . most sources not affiliated with the nacc or sacc use
whitestart .
google
no . although i agree with the sentiment of this proposal , i agree with others that it doesn’t solve the problem with american redstart . in addition , as already pointed out , this proposal should probably first be pursued by sacc given the distribution of the species involved ?
no . historical convention is an important consideration here , as is the fact that the majority of the species in this group fall within the sacc region . that committee should have precedence in deciding whether or not to change these long - standing english names .
no . for reasons of stability , we can’t go down the road of renaming things for their body part coloration . as van mentioned , we would then have
american orangestart
but even that only covers the males . redstart is no more a confusion problem than flycatcher , warbler , oriole , sparrow , finch etc . and if we looked into the origin of those names we’d likely find many members for which the terms don’t fit .
no . if we begin changing traditional names to be more accurate descriptors , we’ll undertake an enormously upsetting series of changes that have little positive gain .
no . for all of the reasons that others have mentioned . i have long thought that the english vernaculars are the most stable part of our nomenclature and it is crazy to mess with it to try to force it to make sense !
no . this particular proposal is not very helpful . it does not seem to recognize the existence of yet another species of north american redstart , american redstart , whose name would not be changed by this proposal , and obviously should not be called a whitestart . i believe the possible confusion of old world redstarts and new world redstarts to be a non - issue . we have dozens of examples of unrelated species or species groups with the same group name in english , and many of these are representatives of different families , so we can survive that . as i noted above , the existence of american redstart means that this proposal would not fix that particular issue here . the problem is that we have clear evidence that american redstart is embedded deep within an expanded
issue . but as this proposal does not even acknowledge the issue , i won’t vote for the change to whitestart at this time .
for more rhetoric than you can possibly digest on this topic . the current proposal omits the problem of
american redstart ,
which shares the same problem – it is also not a
true
the core argument of the proposal is that the derivation of the
start
portion of
redstart
leads to confusion :
' start ' of course is the modern english reflex of middle english stert , old english steort , tail of an animal . north american species to which we attribute the errant english name
redstart
all have the prominent white outer tail feathers characteristic of the genus myioborus .
i will go out on a limb and say that not once in the history of new world ornithology has someone stopped midstream while trying to identify a myioborus or setophaga redstart and said to themselves ,
oh my gosh , no , that cannot be a ' redstart ' because of course the ' start ' clearly refers to the modern english reflexive of middle english stert .
more broadly , many english names are misleading to one degree or another , and the matches of surnames to phylogeny are increasingly rare as dna sequence data continue to reveal previously undetected convergence in plumage and morphology . long - established english names should be changed only in extreme cases because stability is a primary purpose of standardized english name schemes . ( and … i can’t resist … when they are embarrassing , like
inca
dove and
pelagic
cormorant . )
2016 - a - 3 lump common redpoll acanthis flammea and hoary redpoll a . hornemanni into a single species
s . l . forms such a nice , well - supported , strictly south american clade .
no , but only because other committee members have indicated that new woodpecker studies will be published soon . however , if these studies aren’t due to be published in the next year , i would happily change my vote to yes . it seems like we have waited a long time already to deal with known paraphyly in this case .
no . changes are required , but i ' d prefer to see the results of new studies of this group that are underway .
no . but only pending trees based on larger dataset . also : this is not a problem since the proposal is really based on the published taxonomic recommendations in fuchs and pons 2015 , but the phylogeny included in the proposal itself is only the mtdna subset of that study , not the more informative trees based on the full dataset .
no for now . changes are clearly needed , but we should wait if we know that other studies are in progress .
no . i can appreciate that the genus as constituted is too broadly defined , but the suggested arrangement doesn’t seem right . under the proposal , the genus
with white - headed , arizona , strickland’s , hairy , red - cockaded and smoky - brown also seems to include some pretty different logo - auk - aou . png
border =
0
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240
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146
and acting species . and hairy and downy in separate genera ? well , perhaps , as greater flameback (
as we currently recognize it ( putting aside the unfortunately old taxonomy fuchs and pons 2015 chose to use ) and the three - toeds being a readily defined clade morphologically outside it , a revision is needed . but with nodes like that supporting
being weak and a lack of a compelling explanation for why some of the generic limits were drawn , i think it would be better to make a revision when more comprehensive datasets are available .
no . it is clear that something needs to be done , beyond the changes we ( and sacc ) have already made . but it seems that we should wait for studies that people are aware with additional data before making wholesale changes .
no . changes need to be made but since other studies are in progress , better to await those results , or changes we make now may require further change or even reversal .
no , at least for now , and pending comments from others . after the rest of the new world taxa are removed from
, the decision as to where to draw the line delimiting these genera is to some degree arbitrary . the problem of monophyly has other solutions in addition to the one in the proposal , such as expanding
is restricted the two
3 - toed
species . the nodes for that treatment are as close to the depth in the tree to the ones that unite the other groups for which fuchs & pons recommended genus rank (
the degree of polyphyly in fig . 1 of fuchs and pons is exaggerated because their classification is out - of - date by 8 years . for example , their
veniliornis
fumigatus was transferred to picoides by sacc in 2007 and by nacc not long after . their
picoides
mixtus and
picoides
lignarius were also transferred to veniliornis in 2007 . the original data for those changes was published in 2006 , nearly 10 years ago .
yes , based on song and morphological differences . rapid evolution / speciation in this case doesn’t surprise me , given that
yes . the calls on xeno - canto sound really different to me and that alone is sufficient for me to split .
yes , the morphological differences are fairly profound and differences in calls are consistent with species status .
no . there is very little argument for reproductive isolation . because songs in 9 - primaried oscines are learned , differences in songs do not necessarily entail heritable genetic differences . call - note vocalizations may not be learned and may argue for longer separation , but the effects on reproductive isolation are not known . playback experiments would have been nice .
no . i don ' t see anything compelling in this proposal that would argue for species status versus continuing to recognize them as subspecies . the vocal differences are probably most suggestive , but i would like to see playback experiments as well as some genetic data before splitting these .
no . song differences in birds that have substantial learned components to their songs should be used as the basis for splits only with substantial caution .
no . these differences fit those of subspecies , and no effort is made to compare the magnitude of these differences with closely related species to illustrate that they would likely be sufficient for reproductive isolation or assortative mating . and , as the proposal states , we do not recognize similar levels of difference as being species - level differences among other taxa with island subspecies .
yes . this seems pretty straightforward based on the large - scale vocal differences .
yes . the vocal differences and sharp parapatric changes in phenotype are very compelling .
yes . although the plumage differences and the morphological differences are rather minor , the abrupt change argues for reproductive isolation . the vocalizations are so different and varied it makes you wonder what are homologous . there is a cut from ne costa rica on xeno - canto (
to me , but still it is quite different . the vocalizations provide in in the proposal ( links to lns ) are staggeringly different .
will cause confusion . we do not always follow the guideline of new names for all daughters from a split , but in cases in which we retain the parental name for one of the daughters , the asymmetry in range size is typically much greater than in this case ( classic example is red - shouldered and red - winged blackbirds ; counter - example that is too late to correct is california and black - tailed gnatcatchers ) .
yes . the song differences are stunning , and corroborate well the sharp parapatric changes in phenotype .
yes to a1 , a2 , b1 , and b2 . if others present good reasons not to follow cracraft’s placement i may change my votes on a2 and b2 .
yes . move motacillidae into core passeridans , as sister to fringillidae - emberizoidea .
yes . long overdue – this one has slipped through the cracks . the genetic data are overwhelmingly consistent in placing these two families with the former
9 - primaried oscines .
yes , to both parts and sub - parts of b . this change is overdue , and while i agree that we don’t have a solid place to put prunellidae , our checklist area is not heavily affected by it and i’m fine with getting it close enough for now .
yes . move prunellidae into the
core passeridans .
we can move it next to peucedramidae without claiming it to be its sister taxon . in the notes we can then add that dna sequences indicate that prunellidae may be sister to peucedramidae , but the support for this relationship is weak .
no . perhaps i’m missing something but cracraft says there is only
weak to moderate branch support
for the placement of both families . i certainly see nothing in common between the tree top loving olive warblers and ground skulking accentors , but then flamingoes and grebes as sister groups doesn’t seem obvious either . in any event until there is strong branch support for exact placement why not leave things as is ?
yes . hard for me to care much about this one , but new order represents the data well , it seems .
2016 - a - 9 merge caribbean coot fulica caribaea into american coot f . americana
yes . the evidence ( weak morphological differences , non - assortative mating ) provide clear support for merging these taxa .
yes . proposal lays out the evidence nicely , and the lack of assortative mating in sympatry plus the non - diagnostic single phenotypic difference makes this a strong case for lumping .
yes . ever since roberson and baptista , keeping these two as separate species seemed peculiar . nobody in florida , or even the aba area , even looks for caribbean coots anymore , and i bet most birders and ornithologists probably assumed that we have already lumped them . with a bit more new data it is far past time to lump .
yes . the data on non - assortative mating are compelling . however , i would recommend retaining the forms as subspecies .
yes . non - assortative mating and no consistent morphological differences mean they haven’t speciated .
yes . non - assortative mating at the contact zone is sufficient evidence for treating these two as conspecific . in fact , as far as i know there are essentially no data to support the continuing treatment as separate species .
on the english name , given the fact that american coot has a massive range compared to
caribbean coot
and that we’ve already fooled with the range and make - up of american coot near the edge of its range in south america without changing its name , i see no reason from not maintaining american coot .
yes . the non - monophyly of the current classification necessitates change , and the great morphological diversity , coupled with aligning the classification with estimates of ages of splits , argues for giving oilbirds , potoos , nightjars , and hummingbird / swifts ordinal levels .
yes , but using the same criteria the apodiformes should probably be split into two orders as well . a future proposal ?
yes . i have seen treatments in which hummingbirds are treated as caprimulgiformes , which seems difficult to swallow . this seems like it is clearly the best treatment of this group . splitting the swifts and hummingbirds into separate orders is something we should consider , but not necessary to making this change .
yes , three species . i prefer lesson ' s motmot to blue - diademed motmot . how many people have ever seen the word
diademed ?
yes on a , b , and c . note that a and b have already been adopted by sacc based on stiles ( 2009 ) . note that c would be novel , but that no data have ever been published to reverse the classification justified by chapman’s ( 1923 ) paper . i think doug’s point on blue - diademed combined with objections to use of obscure
diademed
makes
lesson ' s
the winner . lesson also doesn’t have any birds named after him .
yes on a , b , and c . i asked steve howell about this and he first commented
thanks for asking .
he had nothing to offer regarding vocalizations within the northeastern mexico group ,
, suggesting we listen to xeno - canto . he was not opposed to this split and suggested blue - capped motmot for the english name . i think this is an excellent choice and describes exactly the difference ( the top of the crown ) . as for birds farther south , he felt that blue - diademed motmot was a good name . keeping blue - crowned for these birds , or even worse for
yes on a , b , and c . ( a ) vocal differences are important , as well as minor plumage differences . vocal differences are probably important at the species level in this group ;
, similar in plumage but different in calls , are nearly parapatric along 1000 km at the base of the andes without any introgression . ( b )
. extralimital so it is best to follow sacc . ( c ) the blue cap of
on the basis of distinctly two - ( three - ) note songs of the former vs . single - note songs or run - together notes of the latter . ( b ) yes to split
on the basis of long song notes of former vs . short run - together notes of the latter . ( c ) yes to split
on the basis of abrupt morphological discontinuity greater than that seen in other taxa considered distinct species , only the one apparent hybrid known ( or at least clearly indicated as such in the literature ) from a well - sampled area , and also vocal differences . while the song of
complex , so i think we need to split it . the problem with blue - diademed motmot for
group that we now call amazonian motmot . given that , i guess i lean toward lesson ' s motmot for
( which also was described by lesson ; not sure how that happened ) . whooping seems fine for
, because of its long - term use for the entire complex . my thoughts are maybe blue - capped or cerulean - crowned .
no . but really only because these are unpublished comparisons included in the proposal ( if i am wrong please let me know ) . i think it is wise to continue to require that all of our revisions be based on published information . if this passes , then yes to
blue - capped motmot
and
lesson ' s motmot .