the common dwarf mongoose ( helogale parvula ) , sometimes just called the dwarf mongoose , is a small african carnivore belonging to the mongoose family ( herpestidae ) .

common dwarf mongoose

information on the common dwarf mongoose is currently being researched and written and will appear here shortly .
the common dwarf mongoose ( helogale parvula ) is the smallest of the mongoose family , and both males and females weigh only 350 - 400gr . total length is 250mm and the
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the common dwarf mongoose is primarily found in dry grassland , open forests , and bush land , up to 2 , 000 m in altitude . it is especially common in areas with many termite mounds , their favorite sleeping place . the species avoids dense forests and deserts . the common dwarf mongoose can also be found in the surroundings of settlements , and can become quite tame . dwarf mongoose from the sabi sands region of south africa . the species ranges from east to southern central africa , from eritrea and ethiopia to the transvaal in south africa .
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miller , lisa .
facts on the dwarf mongoose
accessed july 09 , 2018 . urltoken
miller , lisa .
facts on the dwarf mongoose .
animals - urltoken , http : / / animals . urltoken / dwarf - mongoose - 1829 . html . accessed 09 july 2018 .
miller , lisa . ( n . d . ) . facts on the dwarf mongoose . animals - urltoken . retrieved from http : / / animals . urltoken / dwarf - mongoose - 1829 . html
hoffmann , m . , roberts , r . l . and kern , j . 2014 . tree climbing and denning by common dwarf mongoose helogale parvula . small carnivore conservation 49 : 66 - 67 .
) . species for which there were insufficient data for analysis included the two newly documented species , large - spotted genet and bushy - tailed mongoose , as well as striped hyaena , wild dog , egyptian mongoose , zorilla , marsh mongoose and common genet .
the pitter - patter of little feet in the zoo ' s kopje exhibit includes dwarf mongoose pups and baby rock hyraxes . . .
ranging in size from the 7 - inch - long dwarf mongoose to the 2 - foot - long egyptian mongoose ; these sleek mammals have long bodies with short legs and tapered snouts .
dwarf mongooses and hornbills work together to find food and warn one another of predators .
. the nearly 40 species belong to 18 genera . the most common and probably best - known are the 10 species of the genus
like the banded mongoose , the dwarf mongoose has been seen collaborating with other species . they are often seen together with birds of the hornbill species , each creature benefiting from the others heightened senses and alerting each other of predators as they forage . - mongoose facts
the banded mongoose has a wide distribution range , is generally common in suitable habitat , but no overall population estimate is available . currently this species is classified as least concern ( lc ) and its numbers today remain stable .
there are 34 species of mongoose in 20 genera , according to the university of michigan ' s animal diversity web ( adw ) . with so many different types of mongoose , sizes vary greatly . their bodies range from the dwarf mongoose at 7 inches ( 18 centimeters ) long to the egyptian mongoose , which is 2 feet ( 60 cm ) long , according to national geographic .
the percentage of variance in the enfa explained by marginality ranged from 8 % for honey badger up to 38 % for common dwarf mongoose . marginality explained < 10 % of the variance for only one other species : slender mongoose . overall , a higher percentage of variance was explained by the first axis of specialization , ranging from 20 % for side - striped jackal and wild cat up to 32 % for white - tailed mongoose , caracal and black - backed jackal . the bi (
if the cobra bites the mongoose more than once , the mongoose may loose the battle and become the cobras dinner . it is thought that
the banded mongoose is a long , slim carnivore , widespread throughout much of sub - saharan africa . it has distinctive dark bands running horizontally across its back , going from the base of its neck to the start of its tail . these bands enable the banded mongoose to be distinguished from the common dwarf mongoose , which is smaller , occupies similar habitats to the banded mongoose and has a social structure that is similar . banded mongooses have a wiry coat that ranges in color from gray to gray - brown , while the tip of their tapered tail is black or a darker brown .
the mongoose was made famous in the jungle book story
rikki tikki tavi
by rudyard kipling , a short story about an indian grey mongoose .
as their name implies , dwarf mongooses are among the smallest carnivores native to africa . from head to tail , the average male is only between 7 and 12 inches in length and weighs less than 1 pound . dwarf mongooses are covered in dense fur that can range in color , but is typically brown , speckled gray or reddish . dwarf mongooses are stockily built , with short pointed faces and a long tapered tail .
justification : this species is listed as least concern because this species has a wide distribution , is common ( sometimes attaining high densities ) across its range , and is present in several protected areas with no major threats .
dwarf mongooses are native to sub - saharan africa , specifically from ethiopia southwest to angola , and south to south africa . these small carnivores prefer open savannahs , brush , mountain scrub and semi - arid woodlands . generally a dwarf mongoose habitat includes termite mounds , which the mongooses can climb to watch for signs of danger . each individual mongoose social group has a range or territory of about 5 acres , but they will occasionally move outside of this range to seek prey .
as its name would imply , the dwarf mongoose is the smallest of the african mongooses . it is stocky , with a fairly short , pointed muzzle and a long , fluffy tail . it is usually speckled brown or reddish in color .
supplied with food , and protected by all the members of the pack . - mongoose facts
many mongoose species have a very strong , unpleasant smell due to secretions from its anal glands .
in the wild , there are only 2 things a king cobra must fear , people and mongooses . the mongoose is a constantly active hunter and forager that eats a wide variety of small prey animals and loves snakes in particular . all species of mongoose eat snakes regularly , but the slender mongoose and the grey mongoose are the two species most likely to confront and devour a king cobra .
some species of mongoose are very social and live in large groups called colonies . colonies can have as many as 50 members , according to adw . other species of mongoose like to live alone .
, the yellow mongoose can be found in arid grasslands and semi - desert lowlands of southern africa .
with a length of 7 to 11 inches ( 18 to 28 centimeters ) nose to tail , the dwarf mongoose is the smallest mongoose species . it has small ears , a pointed muzzle , a long , furry tail , and teeth adapted to its primarily insect - based diet . their fur can vary in color , ranging from a reddish - buff to speckled brown .
creel , s . 2013 . helogale parvula dwarf mongoose . in : j . kingdon and m . hoffmann ( eds ) , the mammals of africa . v . carnivores , pangolins , equids and rhinoceroses , pp . 368 - 373 . bloomsbury , london , uk .
they mark their territory with anal gland secretions , rubs of their cheek glands , and the strategic placement of communal latrines , where all members defecate in a concentrated pile . the dwarf mongoose pack is usually led by a dominant female who chooses new den sites and directions of travel .
meerkats ( suricata suricatta ) . these members of the mongoose family inhabit the semiarid lowlands of southwestern africa .
. when it makes its move , the mongoose leaps , teeth bared , directly for the head of the snake . if the mongoose grabs the snake correctly it will kill it by biting right into its skull .
as a species of least concern on the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) red list of threatened species . this species is quite common throughout its range and is prevalent in several protected areas . fortunately , this species does not have any major threats .
these animals sometimes eat ticks off warthogs . this shows a ' symbiotic relationship ' , as the mongoose and the warthog both get something out of this association : the warthog gets cleaned and the mongoose has something to eat .
being highly social animals , dwarf mongooses maintain contact with the other members of their group throughout their day . while they disperse to forage for food - - including insects like termites , beetles , locusts and grubs , as well as the occasional small vertebrate , egg or fruit - - dwarf mongooses maintain vocal contact with their group , calling out with short chirps and other vocalizations .
it inhabits open woodlands , thickets and wooded savannas , particularly where there are termitaria , rock outcroppings or crevices , or hollow logs and trees for use as dens ( hiscocks and perrin 1991 , creel 2013 , hoffmann et al . 2014 ) . waser et al . ( 1995 ) noted that the most important determinant of common dwarf mongoose habitat preference is the density of suitable dens , but this might not necessarily be the case ( hoffmann et al . 2014 ) . it is not found in highly arid areas . it feeds mainly on arthropods , although it will prey on small vertebrates ( creel 2013 ) .
simply put , the mongoose is not a weasel . the meerkat , however , is a mongoose , but since it is such a popular little animal and is in its own genus , you can read about it here - meerkat facts .
the banded mongoose is a medium sized species of mongoose weighing about 5 pounds . they live in big social groups with several dominant males who not only routinely mark their territory but also the other members in the group with their scent glands .
rood , j . p . 1983 . the social system of the dwarf mongoose . in : j . f . eisenberg and d . g . kleiman ( eds ) , advances in the study of mammalian behaviour , american society of mammalogists ( special publication 7 ) and allen press , lawrence , ks , usa .
the dwarf mongoose is diurnal , spending its days scuttling about in search of food with their pack . in the wild , you will most often find them preying upon small vertebrates and insects . those that are not foraging for food are caring for the young mongooses inside the den or possibly grooming and playing with one another .
and lives in social groups of up to 20 individuals . the dwarf mongoose pack moves about its large territory using numerous termite mounds , caves and tree hollows as shelters for a few days at a time . termite mounds are a favorite , and they will renovate the structures to suit their needs , adding rooms and widening tunnels .
hiscocks , k . and perrin , m . r . 1991 . den selection and use by dwarf mongooses and banded mongooses in south africa . south african journal of wildlife research 21 : 119 - 122 .
most species of mongoose are found in africa , but some also live in southern asia and the iberian peninsula , according to national geographic . some species of mongoose have been introduced into other areas of the world , such as caribbean and hawaiian islands .
birds of prey and snakes are the primary predators of the dwarf mongoose . for this reason , the alpha male is always on the lookout and alerts the rest of the pack of any suspicious activity . he typically stands atop a termite mound to watch over the territory—and if he senses danger , he vocalizes to warn the other members of the pack .
according to the saint louis zoo , dwarf mongooses are also attuned to the calls of hornbills , a family of large birds with whom they share a symbiotic relationship . as hornbills fly over the dwarf mongooses’ territory , they will sound an alarm call if a potential predator is near , allowing the mongooses to seek cover . in return for their safety alerts , the hornbills eat insects that are stirred up as the mongooses forage in the grasses .
banded mongoose ( mungos mungo ) . this carnivore lives in groups and inhabits most of sub - saharan africa outside the congo basin .
according to the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) , most mongoose species are listed as threatened , but not extinct .
some mongooses are legendary snake fighters . the indian gray mongoose is particuarlly known for its fondness of fighting and eating poisonous snakes , such as cobras .
rikki - tikki - tavi
is a short story by rudyard kipling about a young mongoose that fights a cobra .
yellow mongoose packs usually consist of an alpha male and female and assorted relatives . youngsters are commonly cared for by the entire family , and
several species of mongoose show an example of simple tool use by throwing or dropping eggs , shellfish and nuts against rocks to open them .
. the number of locations available for analysis ranged from 57 for the dwarf mongoose , up to 6699 for lions . the high number of sightings for lions and cheetah reflect the fact that data from two long - term research projects on these species were included in this analysis . there was no relationship between marginality or tolerance with the number of locations at which a species was recorded ( marginality
did you know that in the wild , dwarf mongooses and hornbills help one another ? these animals have a mutualistic relationship ( one that benefits both species ) , in which they forage for insects together and alert each other of any potential danger .
) , which measures 17–24 cm ( 7–10 inches ) with a 15–20 - cm ( approximately 6–8 - inch ) tail . the largest mongoose is the
malagasy narrow - striped mongoose ( mungotictis decemlineata ) , one of the many animals unique to madagascar in the tsimbazaza national zoo , antananarivo , madagascar .
waser pm , elliot lf , creel nm , creel sr . habitat variation and mongoose demography . in : sinclair are , arcese p , editors .
the mongoose is notorious for one fascinating fact - their astounding ability to battle and kill some of the deadliest creatures on earth . native to india ,
mongooses live in burrows made of a complex system of tunnels or in trees in many different types of landscapes , including deserts and tropical forests . the bushy - tailed mongoose , for example , lives in lowland forests near rivers . the gambian mongoose lives in areas with grasslands , coastal scrub and forests .
woodlands , which all species , except for civet , white - tailed mongoose and wild cat appeared to avoid . neither were species likely to be associated with 100 % tree cover , only slender mongoose showing a strong association with this habitat . the serval , a species thought to be associated with wetland habitat (
this species of mongoose in particular , has shown amazing adaptive abilities , and their cooperation with other species is matched only by teamwork within their own pack .
banded mongoose dens are communal , usually consisting of a central sleeping area , or sometimes a few smaller chambers , and as many as nine different entrance holes .
first , their habitats overlap , second , these mongooses are some of the largest species , and third , practice makes perfect . a confrontation between a mongoose and a cobra is not an everyday event , but it is not uncommon either . in general , the mongoose is the cobras only natural predator other than human beings .
in some regions of africa , the mongoose is eaten . it is also persecuted as an egg thief in regions where its habitat is in close proximity to humans .
the word ‘mongoose’ is from the marathi ( indian ) ‘mangus’ . the plural is not mongeese but mongooses , despite the british scrabble players association proclaiming to the contrary .
mongooses are very fast animals , and , in an encounter with a snake , they can dodge the snake’s strikes easily . when a mongoose hunts a snake , it uses a number of tricks , and when the snake eventually gets tired , it attacks and catches the snake by the back of the neck . the ability of the mongoose as a snake - killer has been highlighted in rikki - tikki - tavi , the story by rudyard kipling , in which a mongoose saves its family from the cobra .
the snake will try to avoid confrontation if it runs into a mongoose , but will stand its ground once cornered and defend itself if it can ' t get away .
most mongoose species are highly social animals living in busy groups of 6 to 40 individuals called
packs
or
mobs
. some particularly gregarious species like the gambian mongoose may live in packs of 50 or more . these groups may be lead by an alpha male and female who are often the only two individuals who mate and reproduce .
dwarf mongooses’ complex social structure is headed by a single dominant female , her mate with whom she forms a monogamous pair and who is second on the social hierarchy , and their offspring , usually totaling between 12 and 15 individuals . mongooses form a matriarchal hierarchy , with females dominant over males in their age group . within this social structure , only the dominant pair of mongooses breed , allowing their older offspring to help care for the younger . young dwarf mongooses do not leave the group until the matriarch dies , at which point they split to form or join other social groups .
…mammal is the bat ; the mongoose was introduced from europe to control rodents and has since eliminated or depleted populations of native birds and sea turtles by eating their eggs . …
the cobra may wrap around the mongoose but will usually succumb to the mongooses attack in a matter of moments if the mongooses first leap is inaccurate , it may be bitten .
) . in descending order , bat - eared fox , slender mongoose , black - backed jackal , serval , wild cat , honey badger , spotted hyaena and leopard showed the highest tolerance ( tolerance of ≥ 0·6 ) , whilst dwarf mongoose , golden jackal and side - striped jackal showed the lowest tolerance ( tolerance of < 0·5 ) . marginality ranged from 0·52 to 1·60 . half the species had marginalities higher than 1 , indicating that the mean egvs where they are found were very different from the average egvs across the ecosystem , and hence that they are likely to be fairly specialized . species with the highest marginality ( > 1·3 ) in descending order were golden jackal , lion and cheetah while species with lowest marginality ( < < 0·6 ) in ascending order were white - tailed mongoose , wild cat and serval .
they may only be small but these lively little creatures have big personalities ! a relation of the meerkat , the dwarf mongoose is always busy and curious . like meerkats , they live in social groups in a network of burrows , with one individual ( the alpha male ) acting as a lookout for the rest of the group . they will form groups of 2 to 30 , which will rotate around the termite mounds of their range , using them as their shelter .
king cobras actually eat other snakes as their main diet , as well as small animals like rats and birds . many of the things they eat are larger than a typical mongoose , but
the dry deciduous forests of northwestern madagascar continue to be cleared to create pastureland and produce charcoal . this destruction is the primary threat to the survival of mongoose lemurs , but they are also hunted for food throughout much of their range . additionally , they are occasionally trapped for the pet trade . mongoose lemurs occur naturally in only one of madagascar’s protected areas– the ankarafantsika nature reserve .
a baby mongoose spends most of its time playing and wrestling with litter mates while the adults in the pack forage . when an adult uncovers a beetle , digs up a millipede or snatches an egg , the pups forget about play and beg for a meal using high - pitched chirps like baby birds . youngsters of most species remain with their family group for life . - mongoose facts
the banded mongoose seems to be mainly insectivorous , feeding mostly on invertebrates , including centipedes , insects , lizards , snakes and frogs . they also eat fruit , roots , eggs and small rodents .
the banded mongoose has several very unique habits and has become famous for its interaction with other species of animals . bandeds have been observed foraging with troops of chacma baboons and co - existing rather peacefully .
the yellow mongoose has a very sharply featured and foxy face and a golden coat . they are sometimes referred to as red meerkats although both animals are in their own genus . the yellow mongoose lives in busy colonies and digs large and fairly elaborate dens with multiple rooms and tunnels . they often peacefully share their dens with ground squirrels . the colony will usually start the day by slowly emerging from their burrow and
some mongoose species live in a cooperative society where each member of the pack has a specific job and subsequent duties . some are hunters , some stay behind and
baby sit
. in this system ,
famously , some species of mongoose will boldly attack venomous snakes such as cobras . the most celebrated of these is rudyard kiplingâ€™s fictional rikki - tikki - tavi , based on an ancient fable and included in the jungle book .
dwarf mongooses live in groups ranging from 8 to 30 individuals . the oldest male and female are the dominant members of the pack , as well as the only breeding pair . the female , however , ranks higher than the male and determines the group’s movements . the dominant male is in charge of keeping an eye out for danger , as well as protecting their territory .
several species of mongoose routinely crack open eggs , nuts , or shelled creatures such as crabs or mollusks by dropping or throwing them on rocks . some will raise up on their hind legs with the item in their forepaws and drop it on a stone . others have been observed hunched over like a football center , launching objects between their legs against a large stone or tree . this behavior is observed and practiced by youngsters until perfected . - mongoose facts
during both the wet and the dry season , fruit appears to dominate the mongoose lemur diet . in the wet season , the animals are also known to feed voraciously on flowers , particularly those from the kapok tree . in addition , these lemurs are extremely fond of nectar , which may indicate that they are important pollinators of certain species of flowers . during the dry season , the mongoose lemur must turn to mature and immature leaves for nourishment . in the wild , they have also been observed to feed on the occasional beetle and insect grub . in captive groups , mongoose lemurs have been seen to stalk , kill , and consume wild birds unfortunate enough to fly into their cages .
the mongoose is a small animal but an excellent hunter , with keen senses of smell , sight and hearing , and remarkable reflexes . they hunt insects and small animals such as mice , rats , rabbits , lizards and snakes , including
basically an insectivore , the yellow mongoose relishes scorpions , millipedes , beetles and roaches . birds eggs , the occasional mouse or lizard and some unfortunate snakes round out the menu , but bugs are by far the bulk of their diet .
a dominant female and her male consort , usually the oldest animals in the group , lead each dwarf mongoose group . the rest of the group is composed of family members , generally older offspring of the dominant pair . each year , the alpha female produces three litters of young , with two to four infants in each litter . the young of the dominant female are second in the group’s social system , tended for and pampered by subordinate members . however , this status is immediately lost upon arrival of a new litter . the baby sitters , who guard and defend the young , change often during the day so that individuals may forage for food .
with your help , awf can work on critical initiatives that provide safe spaces for the mongoose to live like setting aside land for conservation tourism lodges . donate for a cause that will help with wildlife conservation and ensure the survival of this species .
banded mongoose colonies live , travel and fight together as a team . they stay in one area for around a week , then move in a wave to another location , much like a flock of birds when they migrate , according to animal planet .
a few mongoose species are solitary animals with males and females only coming together to mate once a year . with these species the male may stay to help raise the litter of 2 to 6 babies called pups , or the female may raise her pups alone .
there hasn’t been much study on the reproduction habits of the mongoose . it is believed that mongooses breed during march to may and october to december , according to adw . mongooses have gestation periods of 42 to 105 days and give birth to one to four offspring at a time .
feliforms and caniforms have significant differences in skull structure among other things , and are classified based on these complex , skeletal criteria . so the mongoose , which shares ancient ancestors with cats , is actually most closely related to the civet , and is in the same superfamily as the hyena and the leopard .
these lemurs inhabit dry deciduous forests in a small area of northwestern madagascar . the species’ natural range is restricted to these forests , but mongoose lemurs have also been introduced to the comoros islands where they live in a more humid environment . this is the only species of lemur that is found outside of madagascar .
ironically , in the 1800s mongooses were introduced to hawaii and the west indies to control rodent populations at sugarcane plantations . this introduction in turn caused many species of birds and other animals to almost become extinct . in fact , the small asian mongoose is listed as one of the world ' s 100 worst invasive alien species .
dwarf mongooses are present in several protected areas across their range , including masai mara national reserve ( kenya ) , tsavo east n . p . ( kenya ) , serengeti n . p . ( tanzania ) , hwange n . p . ( zimbabwe ) and kruger n . p . ( south africa ) . since they attain high densities and have small territories ( on average 0 . 25–0 . 35 km 2 ; rood 1983 , hoffmann et al . 2014 ) , even small protected areas can harbour large populations ( creel 2013 ) .
) . instead , two medium - sized species , african civet and white - tailed mongoose , seemed to be most dissimilar to the other species examined here . however , our study is in agreement with findings elsewhere based on measures of diet breadth , which show no variation in prey size range and body size within the large carnivore guild (
the dlc currently has a population of 11 animals ( 5 males , 6 females ) , with recent births in 2011 and 2012 to two different breeding pairs . the us mongoose lemur population is managed by a species survival plan ( ssp ) . unfortunately , the ssp has had a difficult time identifying captive breeding facilities that are interested in maintaining this animal .
two species , the large - spotted genet and the bushy - tailed mongoose , were documented for the first time within this landscape . ecological niche factor analysis ( enfa ) was used to examine habitat selectivity for 18 of the 26 carnivore species for which there is sufficient data . eleven ecogeographical variables ( egvs ) , such as altitude and habitat type , were used for these analyses .
the banded mongoose lives in sub - saharan africa as far north as somalia and sudan . although it does occur in gambia and senegal , it is generally considered as rare in west africa . it occupies a variety of habitats , including brush - land and grassland , but prefers wooded areas . it is not found in drier areas , such as semi - desert and desert habitats .
the female is dominant in mongoose society and usually only her and the alpha male will breed . unusually , the youngest mongooses are awarded high status in the group . this is probably to ensure that they get sufficient food without having to compete with the adults . the group is very vocal and will make short chirruping sounds and a range of twitters and whistles to communicate with one another .
= 0·02 , ns ) . for egv that are a measure of distance , a positive correlation means that the species is more likely to be found as distance increases , and hence the overall association with that egv is negative . all 18 species were thus positively associated with kopjes ; and positively associated with the volcanic grasslands and short grasslands , except for the civet and white - tailed mongoose .
- - - select - - - aardvark anteater african wild dog black bear baboon badger bat beaver buffalo camel cat cheetah chimpanzee chinchilla coyote dingo dog dolphin elephant elk fox giraffe gorilla grizzly bear groundhog hippo honey badger horse hyena kangaroo killer whale koala lemur leopard lion llama manatee meerkat mongoose monkey orangutan otter panda pig polar bear porcupine rabbit rhino reindeer seal sea lion skunk sloth tas . devil tiger wolf wombat zebra
waser , p . m . , elliott , l . f . , creel , n . m . and creel , s . r . 1995 . habitat variation and mongoose demography . in : a . r . e . sinclair and p . arcese ( eds ) , serengeti ii : dynamics , management , and conservation of an ecosystem , pp . 421 - 447 . university of chicago press , chicago , il , usa .
dwarf mongooses have an interesting social system where the group is composed of an older , dominant female and her matriline . the second ranking animal is the mate of the dominant female . the dominant pair are monogamous and the only breeders in the group . the next dominant is the youngest offspring . within any age class , females are dominant over males . sub - adults clean , carry and feed juveniles and take turns
baby - sitting .
occasionally females other than the dominant will nurse the young . despite this restricted breeding potential , maturing young do not appear to leave the group , and only when the female dies does the group split . groups have a home range of around 2 ha . that sometimes moves due to prey availability .
our results represent the first synthesis of the carnivore community in the serengeti and its environs . we were able to document 26 species in the area , including two species for the first time : the large - spotted genet in the serengeti–mara ecosystem , and the bushy - tailed mongoose in the ngorongoro highlands . we were able to use enfa across 18 species , providing information on habitat selectivity for hitherto little known species , and explore the distribution of better known species across a broader landscape than has been previously possible . this analysis demonstrated clear evidence of differences in habitat selectivity between different species , which , where information was available , supported what was known about these species . we could find little evidence that habitat selectivity amongst similar species was strongly partitioned , either within a taxon , or within the large carnivore guild (
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sharpe , l . , kern , j . & do linh san , e .
this species is widely distributed from southern somalia and ethiopia south to northeast kwazulu - natal in south africa and westwards to northern namibia and southwest and central angola and southeastern dr congo ( creel 2013 ) . it is usually found to elevations of around 2 , 000 m asl .
it has been reported as the most abundant small carnivore in areas of open woodland or wooded savanna , with densities as high as 31 individuals / km 2 in serengeti grasslands ( rood 1983 ) though more typically around five individuals / km 2 ( waser et al . 1995 ) . hoffmann et al . ( 2014 ) reported record densities of 42 individuals / km 2 at the start of the breeding season at sorabi rock lodge reserve ( limpopo province , south africa ) .
sharpe , l . , kern , j . & do linh san , e . 2015 .
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mongooses are found in most parts of africa . they can be found in a variety of habitats , including forests and semiarid areas .
they consume small rodents , reptiles , young birds , termites , locusts , beetles , grubs , larvae , and spiders . they may also include fruit and other foods in their diet .
they live in groups of 12 to 15 individuals , covering a range of approximately 75 acres that overlaps with the ranges of other groups . a range usually contains 20 or more termite mounds , which are used as den sites , lookout posts , and sources of food . groups seem to be constantly on the move through their range , seldom using a den site for more than a few days at a time .
expand conservation tourism . african wildlife foundation brings together communities and private investors to construct conservation tourism lodges like the sanctuary at ole lentille in kenya . the lodge provides sustainable income for the community , and the 20 , 000 - acre conservancy is a safe home to mongooses and a variety of other wildlife .
southern africa’s vast transnational limpopo heartland is perhaps best known for the world - famous kruger national . . .
the ecological health of the mau forest complex in kenya’s rift valley region is in imminent danger . deforestation and . . .
lulu looks like a bulldog , but she knows she’s a rhino . . .
an increasingly popular ranch animal , the cow - like eland may not succeed in small , domesticated ranges . help our work that includes providing herders larger grazing areas .
with a population of 140 , 000 in 1999 , the giraffe population is now at only 80 , 000 . to reverse this drastic decline , support is needed to train and provide security for giraffe refuges .
you can help protect one of man’s closest relatives—the endagered bonobo . vital supplies are needed for scouts in the faunal reserve of lomako - yokokala , a critical bonobo habitat in the democratic republic of congo .
african wildlife foundation is devoted entirely to , and ever - present in , african wildlife conservation and sustainable development—recognizing and responding to critical threats in a multifaceted way . help all of africa , the wildlife , the communities , and the future .
hippos are highly valued for their fatty meat and ivory tusks , putting them in the crosshairs of hunters and poachers . the zambia wildlife authority and the lower zambezi natural park rely on african wildlife foundation ' s support to secure the park and protect hippos .
african wildlife foundation has helped farmers return to the congo river as a means of finding new markets for their goods . to improve livelihoods and reduce locals’ reliance on wildlife hunting for survival , efforts like this need continued funding .
with loss of habitat and prey , carnivores—like cheetahs and wild dogs—are hunting community livestock . as a result , farmers are forced to kill these species . african wildlife foundation needs support training scouts and funding bomas to protect livestock as well as negotiating buffer zones for wildlife .
critically endangered black rhino lost an estimated 97 . 6 % of its population since 1960 with numbers bottoming out at 2 , 410 in 1995 . when you support african wildlife foundation , you aid in the conservation and growth of endangered species like the rhino .
to maintain its livestock business , the ol pejeta conservancy relies on supplies and education we help provide . earning just us $ 100 , 000 in the first 10 months , this conservation enterprise effort is helping to build the local economy .
the impala - like kobs inhabit low - lying hills with permanent water sources , restricting them to regions rapidly being populated by humans . without any designated buffer zones , this vulnerable species is being hunted at an alarming rate .
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. they reach adulthood in the second year of life . their coat colour is uniform all over , and can be light brown to a dark chestnut .
they feed on invertebrates such as beetles , their larvae , termites and grasshoppers . insect prey is scavenged on the ground , and sometimes dug out .
after a gestation period of 63 days , gravid females give birth to a litter of two to three . an alpha female can have
. they breed mainly in the rainy season . only the dominant pair breeds in each pack ; the rest of the group members assist in rearing and fending for the young . pairs without helpers cannot successfully raise young .
they are a diurnal , gregarious and territorial species , which forages in groups .
. the roaming pack spends the night in disused termite mounds scattered through its territory .
, mpumalanga and northern kwazulu - natal . they are more widespread in northern countries .
2 - 4 young are born from october - march after a gestation period of ± 8 weeks .
has 5 toes on the fore - feet , the first being small and lying behind the intermediate pad . the first toe and the proximal pad of the front feet , which may show when the animal is moving slowly , may not show when it is trotting or running .
, but only the claw of the first toe may show , well back of the other 4 toes . the claws of the front feet are long , curved and sharp , measuring up to 10 mm across the curve and are adapted to digging . those on the hind - feet are shorter , up to about 8 mm .
mongooses are primarily found in africa , their range covering most of the continent . some species occupy parts of southern asia and the iberian peninsula . they are generally terrestrial mammals , but some are semi - aquatic , and others are at home in the treetops .
they normally have brown or gray grizzled fur , and a number of species sport striped coats or ringed tails .
mongooses live in burrows and are nondiscriminatory predators , feeding on small animals such as rodents , birds , reptiles , frogs , insects , andworms . some species supplement their diet with fruits , nuts , and seeds . creative hunters , they are known to break open bird eggs by throwing them with their forepaws toward a solid object .
in the 1800s mongooses were introduced to several islands in hawaii and the west indies in order to control the rodent populations on sugarcane plantations . today this effort has come back to haunt these islands as mongooses threaten the survival of various native species , particularly birds . however , in their natural environments mongooses are currently threatened themselves due to habitat loss .
found mainly in africa but also in southern asia and southern europe . mongooses are noted for their
mongooses are short - legged animals with pointed noses , small ears , and long furry tails . the
do not retract , and in most species there are five toes on each foot . the fur is gray to brown and is commonly grizzled or flecked with lighter gray . markings , when present , include stripes , dark legs , and pale or ringed tails . the adult size varies considerably , with the smallest being the
) , whose body length measures 48–71 cm ( about 19–28 inches ) long with a tail that may extend up to an additional 47 cm ( 18 . 5 inches ) .
a group of banded mongooses ( mungos mungo ) on a small dirt hill . banded mongooses often occur in savanna or woodland vegetation regions .
, and occasionally fruit . a number of mongooses , especially those of the genus
, will attack and kill poisonous snakes . they depend on speed and agility , darting at the head of the snake and cracking the skull with a powerful bite . they are not immune to
, as popularly believed , nor do they seek and eat an herbal remedy if bitten . a number of species are noted for their peculiar
stands on its hind legs and hits the egg against the ground . sometimes it carries the egg to a
and , standing with its back to the rock , throws the egg between its legs and against the rock until the shell is broken . early reports of this behaviour met with
) exhibits the same behaviour but lies on its side and uses all four feet to toss the egg .
) and a few others are semiaquatic . some mongooses live alone or in pairs , but others , such as the
) , and meerkats , live in large groups . litters usually consist of two to four young .
were disastrous , because the mongooses severely depleted the populations of native fauna . because of their potential destructiveness , importation of all mongooses into the
34 species in 14 genera of africa , madagascar , southern asia , and southern europe .
…and stink badgers ) , herpestidae ( mongooses ) , viverridae ( civets , genets , and related species ) , and hyaenidae ( hyenas ) . there are three aquatic families : otariidae ( sea lions and…
snake , ( suborder serpentes ) , any of more than 3 , 400 species of reptiles distinguished by their limbless condition and greatly elongated body and tail . classified with lizards in the order squamata , snakes represent a lizard that , over the course of evolution , has undergone structural reduction , simplification , and loss as…
cobra , any of various species of highly venomous snakes , most of which expand the neck ribs to form a hood . while the hood is characteristic of cobras , not all of them are closely related . cobras are found from southern africa through southern asia to islands of southeast asia . throughout their…
africa , the second largest continent ( after asia ) , covering about one - fifth of the total land surface of earth . the continent is bounded on the west by the atlantic ocean , on the north by the mediterranean sea , on the east by the red sea and the indian ocean , and on the south by the mingling waters…
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animal , ( kingdom animalia ) , any of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms ( i . e . , as distinct from…
horse , ( equus caballus ) , a hoofed , herbivorous mammal of the family equidae . it comprises a single species , …


cadland ( 1825 – 1837 ) was a british thoroughbred racehorse and sire .

in a career that lasted from april 1828 to 1831 he ran twenty-five times and won fifteen races , with several of his wins being walkovers in which all of his opponents were withdrawn .

in the summer of 1828 he ran a dead heat with the colonel in the derby , before winning the race in a deciding run-off .

he went on to have a long and successful racing career , winning a further eleven races before his retirement , and developing a notable rivalry with his contemporary zinganee .

cadland was disappointing as a sire of winners in england and was exported to france , where he was much more successful .

he died in 1837 .

cadland

so far , there are no tournament results from stute von cadland xx are stored .
cadland stables were once owned by the 5th duke of rutland and named after his racehorse , cadland , the only horse to ever win the derby twice . the first finish was a dead heat , so the race was re - run and cadland claimed the prize in 1828 .
cadland estate presents the opportunity to rent a variety of unusual and . . . properties to let›
cadland house , home of the drummonds near fawley , in the new forest and on the solent .
robert drummond acquired the manor of cadland in 1772 . later in the 1770s , he called in lancelot brown and his son - in - law , henry holland to design him a new house and park . this house was then called boarn hill cottage , cadland house then being the main house some five kilometres to the north . cadland house was demolished in 1953 , and boarn hill cottage was re - named cadland house .
john obtained his trainer’s licence in october 2005 and went on to set up john ryan racing , now based at the historic cadland stables . during 2008 / 9 john ryan racing operated out of sackville house stables , another historic yard located close to cadland stables . john starts the 2010 season , owning and training from cadland stables .
visit the cadland in chilwell for authentic british cooking and real ales in a genuine local pub warmed by a cosy fire .
cadland estate is proud to employ over 20 people , many of whom have been employed . . . . the team >
there is 8 . 4mw of solar generation on cadland estate . the estate is suitable renewable . . . . energy >
in 1916 there was another severe fire and the house was not rebuilt until 1935 . cadland house and 1 , 500 acres on southampton water were taken for fawley oil refinery in 1945 and it was then that boarnhill cottage was renamed cadland house .
recently had a fantastic time at the cadland . food was excellent as was the service . would definitely recommend this place .
gilly drummond of cadland estate shares her heritage open days experience , talks about working with volunteers and offers tips for next year .
* the race finished as a dead - heat , but cadland won a run - off against the colonel by ½ length .
visit the cadland gardens and take a guided tour of capability brown ' s smallest surviving pleasure garden . exquisitely sited by capability brown to take advantage of the breath - taking views across the solent towards the isle of wight , cadland gardens are his smallest surviving pleasure ground . it . . .
cadland gardens are open by private appointment only , and on a few select event dates . we ask that you do not take photographs during your visit .
in 1775 lancelot ‘capability’ brown created a small - scale landscape park in a coastal setting around a fishing lodge , boarnhill cottage , since extended to become cadland house .
in 1831 lord chesterfield challenged for the whip at newmarket first spring with zinganee , and the duke of rutland , owner of cadland , resigned the whip to lord chesterfield .
cadland mare ( gb ) br . m , 1834 { 13 } dp = 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 ( 0 ) di = inf cd = inf
cadland estate is set within the new forest and on the solent , offering picturesque and unique properties to let , excellent partridge and pheasant shooting , riding on the new forest , and spectacular coastal parks . with multiple facets to the agricultural business such as solar energy , potato farming and conservation , cadland estate is a very special place , run by the drummond family .
cadland stables is a fine example of a racehorse training establishment . it is one of the most historic in newmarket , containing stables dating from the early 18th century , almost the earliest surviving in the town .
a bound folio contains the architectural drawings for both the original cadland house and boarnhill cottage and lays out the scheme for the pleasure grounds for the cottage , a fishing lodge , which was 5 kilometres to the south of cadland house . it shows how brown scaled down his successful formula for a landscape park , with sheltered walks , clumps , scattered trees and perimeter belt to fit the 3 . 2 - hectare ( 8 - acre ) site .
during four years of racing his main rival was the derby winner cadland ( br c 1825 andrew ) . he won the newmarket stakes , craven stakes , claret stakes , oatlands stakes , the cup at ascot , the whip , and placed 3rd in cadland ' s derby . in the ascot gold cup of 1829 zinganee defeated the two derby winners ( mameluke and cadland ) , the st leger winner ( the colonel ) , the previous year ' s gold cup winner ( bobadilla ) and an oaks winner ( green mantle ) . considered by many to be the best horse in england , he was backed by his fans even though he was ill through the 1830 season .
if you’re looking for great food and real ales , the cadland in chilwell is the obvious choice . close to stapleford , long eaton and beeston , whether you live nearby or just passing through , you’re welcome to drop in .
cadland estate comprises of private and pristine new forest land owned by the drummond family . calshot beach and ashlett creek are at the south east tip of the estate , and both benefit from being on the doorstep of calshot beach and its sporting facilities .
based at wessex house , cadland road , hardley , hythe , wp offers a complete portfolio of products and bespoke service solutions across each of its eight trading divisions  industrial , aviation , agricultural , heating , automotive , commercial , motorsport and marine .
we ' d appreciate any feedback you might have – take our guest survey to let us know how it was for you . alternatively , if you have a compliment or complaint about your recent visit to the cadland in chilwell please complete our feedback form .
andrew ( gb ) c c 1816 ( orville - morel , by sorcerer ) . sire line beningbrough . family 1 - b . bred by the 4th earl fitzwilliam , he was the sire of the derby and two thousand guineas winner cadland ( br c 1825 ) . cadland sired the prix du jockey club winner romulus ( b c 1836 ) , the three - time winner of the prix du cadran , nautilus ( b c 1835 ) , and the useful sire the prime warden ( b c 1834 ) .
community sustainability : the biggest ground mounted solar pv farm in the uk to date , the landmark 30 acre project at the cadland estate will generate enough electricity to power 1 , 000 homes and created 90 temporary jobs and 10 permanent jobs for the renewables division at jpcs .
the barn at the north end of cadland stables yard is reputed to be the oldest surviving building associated with racing stables in newmarket . it is depicted in a painted panoramic view by peter tillemans ( circa 1725 ) and again in an engraved view by james pollard , dated 1825 .
jem robinson boasts the most victories in the jockey division , having won nine times : enamel in 1825 , cadland in 1828 , riddlesworth in 1831 , clearwell in 1833 , glencoe in 1834 , ibrahim in 1835 , bay middleton in 1836 , conyngham in 1847 , and flatcatcher in 1848 .
miss muston ( b f 1790 ) , 2nd dam of milton ( b c 1813 ) , sire of vittoria ( b f 1823 ) , dam of three good winners in france , prix du cadran winner ( three times ) nautilus ( b c 1835 cadland ) , prix du jockey club winner romulus ( b c 1836 cadland ) and prix de diane winner vergogne ( b f 1846 ibrahim ) . miss muston was also the 3rd dam of the st leger winner nutwith ( b c 1840 tomboy ) and 4th dam of maid of masham ( gr f 1845 don john ) , taproot mare of family 9 - e .
the present cadland house is set within beautiful grounds laid out by capability brown . his son - in - law , henry holland , designed the cottage ' orne ' as part of a much larger commission that included robert drummond ' s seat some five miles to the north which was sadly pulled down after the second world war .
with its spectacular view of the solent from the house , nature reserve private beach , working kitchen gardens and greenhouses , cadland house is a totally unique place for all whom visit . interiors by david hicks encase an important collection of family paintings and furniture , the curation of which alongside maintaining and modernizing interiors are a passionate area for designer fiona drummond .
in those formative years of the 2 , 000 guineas , jockey jem robinson established a record 9 victories which stands to this day , successful with the following horses : enamel ( 1825 ) , cadland ( 1828 ) , riddlesworth ( 1831 ) , clearwell ( 1833 ) , glencoe ( 1834 ) , ibrahim ( 1835 ) , bay middleton ( 1836 ) , conyngham ( 1847 ) , flatcatcher ( 1848 ) .
the banker the hon . robert drummond acquired a series of land holdings from 1772 that became the cadland estate , between hythe and fawley on southampton water . capability brown and his son - in - law , architect henry holland , who were both customers of the bank , were commissioned to design a new house and park on southampton water , and a fishing cottage with pleasure grounds on the solent shore . the work is thought to have been done in around 1775 .
in 1829 won the craven stakes at newmarket , beating his majesty ' s fleur - de - lis ( b f 1822 bourbon ) , lord george cavendish ' s amphion ( b c 1824 partisan ) , the duke of rutland ' s oppidan ( ch c 1825 rubens ) , mr greville ' s goshawk ( ch c 1823 merlin ) and 4 others . won the £700 claret stakes at the same meeting , beating mr molony ' s rough robin ( ch c 1825 sober robin ) and cadland . won the oatlands at ascot , beating colonel standen ' s irish colt conrad ( ch c 1824 friday ) , lord george cavendish ' s rapid rhone ( ro c 1824 partisan ) and 1 other . won the cup at the same meeting , beating mr gully ' s derby winner mameluke ( b c 1824 partisan ) , cadland , his majesty ' s st leger winner the colonel ( ch c 1825 whisker ) , lord exeter ' s oaks winner green mantle ( b f 1826 sultan ) , lord sefton ' s ascot cup winner bobadilla ( br f 1825 bobadil ) and 2 others . finished 2nd in the fitzwilliam stakes at doncaster , won by mr ridsdale ' s tyke ( ch c 1826 tramp ) . finished 2nd in the audley end stakes at newmarket houghton , won by cadland , beating mr hunter ' s gustavus colt and colonel yates ' s bolivar ( ch c 1826 blacklock ) .
michael returned to the uk in 1964 , as travelling head lad and then assistant trainer for bernard van cutsem at stanley house stables , now the residence for goldophin uk . following the death of van cutsem in 1975 michael took out his own licence in 1976 , and for the year rented a yard at hurworth house stable in newmarket . the following year he purchased stables at cadland house , which is still the family home , and where he continued to train until he retired in 2005 .
i had to write this review after having a wonderful evening at the cadland . we are not local but we were recently invited to stay with friends who suggested this place and it did not disappoint . we started off with a drink outside , in an attempt to enjoy british summer , but eventually came inside to eat . we all commented on how neat and tidy outside and inside were even though it was i ' d say pretty busy . whilst ordering drinks , the guys had a good chat to the bar staff who even though were busy they were polite and friendly . now for the food . . . . . we all had 3 courses , all completely different dishes and it was delicious ! ! my partner and our friend we were with come from two michelin star background so can often be a little hard to please ! ! however we were all extremely satisfied with tasty , properly cooked , well presented food , and at really reasonable prices ! ! i will recommend this place time and time again . overall spot on food , drinks , staff and environment . it is a must try place ! keep it up cadland . we will be back : - )
visited ' the cadland ' yesterday for a couple of drinks . this is one of our locals so have been here many times before however they have just had a refurb and now looks really good ! they have had a complete refurb inside and have also improved the outside seating area to the front including new raised beds . . . . . much better . the pub was busy , had a great atmosphere and staff really friendly as usual . eaten here loads of times before and always good . . no complaints . would recommend this pub for drinks and food . . great place .
exquisitely sited by capability brown to take advantage of the breathtaking views across the solent towards the isle of wight , cadland house ' s gardens are his smallest surviving pleasure ground . it is a miniature landscape garden with a circular belt walk , broad vistas , intimate peeps out to sea , the delights of scent and foliage and the play of light and shade on the grass . plants available prior to 1760 , roses , myrtles and cistus , scent the air . 18th century gardens were designed to create a different sensation at each turn of the path and to enliven the spirit with the beauty of nature .
in 1830 running for king george iv finished 2nd in the craven stakes at newmarket , won by mr stanlake batson ' s seraph ( br f 1826 phantom ) , beating bobadilla , cadland and 5 others . ran 4th and last for the cup at ascot , won by sir mark wood ' s lucetta ( br f 1826 reveller ) , with his majesty ' s the colonel finishing 2nd and lord exeter ' s green mantle 3rd . zinganee was pulled up a hundred yards from the finish post
trembling all over
from his recent illness . running for king william iv finished 2nd for the cup at goodwood , won by fleur - de - lis , beating the colonel , glenartney ( b g 1824 phantom ) , mr gully ' s tranby ( br c 1826 blacklock ) , mr grant ' s lady emily ( b f 1826 emilius ) , the duke of richmond ' s hindoo ( b c 1826 whalebone ) and 1 other . ran for the whip and 200 sovereigns at newmarket second october but was beaten by cadland , prompting the sporting magazine to note :
his majesty ' s zinganee , in running , reminded one of a fine old ship , sadly out of repair , badly manned and worse steered .
in 1828 running for mr chifney , finished 3rd in the underley stakes at newmarket craven , won by mr molony ' s one thousand guineas winner zoe ( b f 1825 orville ) , with the duke of portland ' s brother to emilius , varro ( b c 1825 orville ) placing 2nd , beating 1 other . won the £800 newmarket stakes at newmarket first spring , beating mr g payne ' s mufti ( b c 1825 merlin ) , lord grosvenor ' s navarino ( b c 1825 blacklock ) and 8 others . ran 3rd in the derby at epsom , won by cadland ( br c 1825 andrew ) .
cadland estate is a rare and , until now , secret idyl , marrying the beautiful and wild new forest with the english coast and the solent . the properties are only 1 . 5 hours from london by car or train to southampton , a charming english coastal spot , and enchanting playground for families or those looking for unpretentious and natural surroundings , or just some peace and quiet . we have long been planning holiday rentals to open up our beloved landscape for others to enjoy as we do , and are delighted to introduce our first holiday cottage at ashlett creek , and luxury bespoke overnight beach huts on our beach at calshot .
on his only other run of the season , velocipede contested the st leger stakes at doncaster , in which scott also ran the colonel who had beaten in a run - off for the epsom derby after running a dead - heat with cadland . before the race velocipede had beaten the colonel in a trial gallop , but injured himself in the process [ 12 ] and appeared for the race heavily bandaged on his right foreleg . he went into the lead from the start and maintained his advantage until the last quarter mile when he weakened
from want of condition
and finished third to the colonel and the filly belinda . [ 13 ]
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bay colt , 1799 . by beningbrough - evelina by highflyer darley arabian sire line : king fergus branch . king fergus sire line quick chart . family # 8 - a .
orville was a big , plain - headed racehorse of great stamina and exceptional durability , considered one of the great four - mile horses of his era . he was a successful sire of classic winners , and several of his sons also got one or more classic winning colts , but this branch of the king fergus sire line petered out when his many good running grandsons failed to get sons who could perpetuate the line successfully . still , his name is well - represented in pedigrees , through his daughters , and the daughters and grandaughters of his sons and grandsons .
his sire , beningbrough , was by king fergus ( by eclipse ) and out of a mare by herod , whose dam , pyrrha , was by matchem , thereby combining the blood of the three great 18th century sires within three generations . bred by john hutchinson at his shipton , yorkshire , stud , beningbrough was a big horse of great endurance and courage , who passed these traits on to orville . beningbrough ran for hutchinson and then sir charles turner for four years , and exhibited such feats of stamina and class as winning the 1794 doncaster st . leger ( then run over two miles ) , and the following day , winning the then four - mile doncaster cup ; this ability to win two important distance races on successive days was repeated in 1795 , when he won a four - mile match at york , and the next day won the doncaster stakes .
emilius ( 1820 ) was a dark bay horse out of emily , by stamford . he was bred by colonel john udney , who was a member of the jockey club and racehorse owner in the first decades of the 19th century . emilius inherited a somewhat more refined version of his sire ' s plain head , and was a muscular horse with an arching neck , a great chest and forearms , and short legs . he looked , the druid , said ,
quite as much a hunter as a blood horse .
his dam , emily , ran and placed in handicaps at newmarket for udney before being retired to the breeding shed . he started his career at age three , running undefeated in the riddlesworth stakes , a sweepstakes at newmarket first spring , the epsom derby , a 500 guineas race at ascot , the grand duke michael stakes at newmarket first october , and a stakes race worth 800 guineas at newmarket second october . he also took a walk over for the dinner stakes at newmarket first spring . at age four he won a 500 guineas match at newmarket , but lost two other matches and ran last in newmarket ' s audley end stakes , and was retired to stud . he was sold for 1800 guineas to thomas thornhill , squire of riddlesworth in norfolk , who was partial to beningbrough stock , and had won the derby with scud sons sam ( 1820 ) and sailor ( 1823 ) . at riddlesworth emilius sired eight classic winners , and was twice leading sire in england . his son , priam , was leading sire twice in england before his export to the u . s . , where he was four - times leading sire from his new home at belle meade stud , tennessee , and another son , sovereign , also sent to the u . s . , was the sire of the great race mare , prioress .
muley ( 1810 ) was the well - bred son of sir charles bunbury ' s eleanor , by whiskey , who went on the day after winning the derby to win the oaks easily . muley was eleanor ' s best offspring , bred by bunbury at his great barton estate in suffolk . he inherited the muscular build of his sire , and had good bone , although his legs were , according to the druid ,
odd .
he was a fair handicapper who could go a distance and best good winners . in 1815 , he won a handicap at newmarket second spring , beating 1812 st . leger winner otterington and ten other horses , and another handicap at newmarket houghton , in which he beat emily ( emilius ' dam ) into second place . that year muley also ran second to dual ascot gold cup winner anticipation ( by hambletonian ) in a plate at newmarket second october , beating the 1812 doncaster cup winner slender billy , and at the same meeting muley ran third in a sweep to idle boy and cwrw .
orville ' s sons richard ( 1818 ) and master henry ( 1815 ) were both out of miss sophia , by stamford , and bred by mr . elwes at billing , northamptonshire . the dark bay richard was another big colt , 15 . 3 hands , with good bone and a strong , short back . he was sold to lord jersey , for whom he won one race at newmarket as a three year old , and jersey sold him to j . g . lambton after his unsuccessful derby attempt . at age four , his last season , he won the four mile king ' s plate at newcastle , the king ' s plate at york , and , at the same york meeting , the four mile great subscription purse . his other wins at four included a race in three mile heats at pontefract , beating byram , and the king ' s plate at doncaster , and he placed second to incantator ( by sorcerer ) at newmarket in a race over beacon course , and second to waverley ( also owned by lambton ) in the newcastle cup . in the stud he got some good hunters .
master henry was raced by henry pettitt and sold in 1821 to lechemere charlton , of ludford park , near ludlow , shropshire , who several years later purchased the good race horse anticipation for a stallion at the then high price of 750 guineas , and would purchase and stand pantaloon during the last five years of his life . master henry was a good distance horse , especially in the mud . in 1820 he was second to banker ( later another charlton stallion ) in the oatlands handicap at newmarket craven ; in 1821 he won eight races , including the king ' s puprse and a fifty at newmarket , the ludford stakes , the worcester gold cup and the lichfield gold cup ; the next year he took the glocestershire stakes at cheltenham in 1822 . his gift to the breed was his daughter banter ( 1826 , out of boadicea , family 14 - a ) , bred by robert , ( 2nd ) earl grosvenor . banter won two races and then was retired to the grosvenor stud , where , to the cover of camel , she produced the great stayer and weight - carrier , touchstone , who , like his great - grandsire , orville , was exceptionally lazy . in the stud , touchstone sired nine classic winners of twelve classic races and was leading sire four times in england , also getting orlando and newminster , themselves leading sires multiple times . banter also produced touchstone ' s st . leger winning brother , lancelot , and excellent producing daughters , including jocose , dam of derby winner and sire macaroni , and sarcasm , dam of st . leger winner satirist ; both macaroni and satirist were by pantaloon .
other good running sons of orville included lord darlington ' s belville ( 1811 , from a precipitate mare ) , who won the oatlands at ascot in 1817 , beating seven good horses , and the ascot gold cup in 1818 , and bizarre ( 1820 , from bizarre by peruvian ) who won the ascot gold cup , in 1824 and 1825 , as well as the 1824 oatlands at ascot , newmarket ' s garden stakes , and a match against emilius at newmarket in 1824 . colonel king ' s fulford ( 1812 , out of maniac , by shuttle ) ran third in filho - da - puta ' s st . leger of 1815 , and won the doncaster cup in 1917 .
souvenir ( 1824 ) was orville ' s best daughter on the turf . she was out of dulcamara , the last foal waxy ever sired , and was bred by alexander nowell of underley , where muley stood at stud . she ran for four seasons , and retired to lord sefton ' s stud , where she produced nine foals , the best of which was her 1835 colt , young tiresius . she was a small filly with great stamina . as a juvenile , she debuted at newmarket and ran second of three in a sweep for two year olds . her only other race that season was at swaffham , where she won a sweep for juveniles , beating three other youngsters .
black colt , 1796 - 1821 by trumpator - young giantess by diomed godolphin arabian sire line matchem sire line quick chart . family # 6 - a
in the fall , the frequency of his races was stepped up . at newmarket , he lost a 500 guineas match to the 5 year old doncaster st . leger winner , symmetry , and then ran third in a six horse race won by a precipitate colt , humbug . he ran second in his next race , a king ' s plate at newmarket , won by a pot - 8 - os son , worthy , but he beat humbug , who ran third . he finished the season with two wins : a 200 guineas match at newmarket over the ditch - in course , beating a buzzard colt , surprise , and the october oatlands handicap , beating eight horses .
a chestnut colt bred by richard gascoigne , soothsayer was born in 1808 from goldenlocks , a delpini mare bred by sir thomas gascoigne in 1793 . goldenlock ' s dam was the shark mare , violet , who was a terrific producer , having got sir thomas ' st . leger winner symmetry , his oaks winner theophania , and four other good runners , not all by the same sire . like most sorcerers , soothsayer was tall , with excellent bone and power hindquarters .
the black smolensko was one of sorcerer ' s most successful racing son . he was bred by sir charles bunbury . smolensko , born in 1810 , was his second derby winner . smolensko was out of a mentor mare , wowski , who , in 1806 , had produced his full brother , also black , thunderbolt ( see below ) . he was much admired for his looks , graceful and powerful action , and his calm demeanor . through his st . leger winning son , jerry ( 1821 ) , smolensko established a sire line that extended several generations before petering out .
comus , a temperamental chesnut with white and dark spots scattered throughout his coat , was the sorcerer son through whom the godolphin arabian line survived . he was born 1809 , out of the sir peter daughter , houghton lass , who had been a decent race mare . comus was a fairly moderate horse on the turf , but he could win at distances from five furlongs to two miles . in the stud he was succcessful , siring four classic winners : two classic - winning sons , and two daughters , the 1 , 000 guineas winner catgut , and the great staying mare matilda , who won the st . leger . the son who continued the godolphin arabian line was humphrey clinnker , an even more modest racehorse than his sire , although he won at 4 miles , and he inherited his sire ' s temper , as well as introducing an unsoundness in the wind which plagued future descendants , including his son , melbourne , twice leading sire in england , through whom the sire line continued . bourbon , a bay of 1811 , by sorcerer , out of a precipitate mare , was a sturdy colt that ran for four years , accumulating 5 , 015 guineas . he won , among other races , the oatlands , the claret stakes , the craven stakes , and the trial stakes . he sired the staying mare , doncaster cup winner fleur de lis , and a good race horse in alderman ; their dams were the only mares sent to him his only season at stud in england .
he was sent to russia in 1821 . his grey unnamed sister of 1810 was the dam of st . leger winner jack spigot . trophonius was another black son of sorcerer , out of a dungannon daughter , foaled in 1808 . he won the 2 , 000 guineas and the newmarket stakes at age 3 , but failed to place in phantom ' s derby . other sorcerer sons of note include magic , a chestnut of 1808 , out of a highflyer mare , who ran second to phantom in the derby , and placed second in the northampton gold cup ; his full sister , elve , was tail - female ancestress of a number of classic winners in south america . loiterer ( 1806 ) , won the ascot gold cup . hocuspocus , a colt of 1810 owned by the duke of leeds , won a two mile match against the good colt benedict ( second in the st . leger ) for 200 guineas at newmarket at age 3 , and ran second and third in two succeeding years in the four mile richmond gold cup , and running second to whalebone in the 3 - 1 / 2 mile northampton gold cup .
sorcerer ' s daughters sorcerer sired three oaks winners - - morel , maid of orleans , and sorcery . both morel and sorcery went on to produce classic winners themselves in the stud , and both , but morel in particular , were influential tail - female ancestresses of many other good horses . sorcerer got a good many other daughters , but none were especially successful on the turf , although more than a few produced winners of good races and were influential on the breed as a whole . morel was bred by the ( 4th ) duke of grafton in 1805 . she was out of hornby lass ( family 1 - a ) , who also produced truffle , mentioned above .
morel was a good three year old , winning the newmarket ( july ) stakes , the oaks , the three year old stakes at newmarket , two matches and a forfeit . at age four , all at newmarket , morel won the october trial stakes and a sweepstakes , matches against beau nash and against clinker , and received a forfeit from rubens . at age five , again at newmarket , she won two matches , one against nuncio , and the second a forfeit from agnes ; she also won the october oatland stakes and the jade stakes that year , and then was sold by the duke to robert andrew . the following year , 1811 , she won a match against asmodeus at newmarket , and she came out three times in 1812 , age seven , but failed to place and was retired to stud .
sorcery was the first foal of cobbea , a skyscraper daughter ( family 12 ) ; she was born in 1808 in the duke of rutland ' s stud . she was a good race filly who won the oaks for the duke in 1811 , as well as the july stakes and the oatlands handicap , and at age four won the oatlands again , and the gold cup at epsom . at age five , she ran second to octavius in the epsom gold cup , her only race that year . she came back at age six to run second in a field of nineteen in the craven stakes , and she won a king ' s plate over three miles at newmarket .
chestnut colt , 1764 . by marske - spiletta by regulus . darley arabian sire line : eclipse branch . family 12 .
eclipse was foaled during the great solar eclipse that occurred in 1764 . his exact place of birth is unknown , but likely at the cranborne lodge stud of his breeder , h . r . h . william , the duke of cumberland ( the third son of englandís king george ii ) in windsor park in berkshire . this is where his sire , marske , stood at stud , having been swapped for an arabian by marske ' s breeder john hutton . eclipse ' s dam , spiletta , had been purchased by the duke from her breeder , sir robert eden .
cumberland died in 1765 and the dispersal of his bloodstock included the flashy chestnut yearling eclipse , purchased for 75 guineas by william wildman , a sheep dealer from smithfield . also in that sale was the seven - year - old horse , king herod , sold to sir john moore , a horse who became known better to the world of racing simply as
herod ,
and who , along with eclipse and matchem , became one of the great triumvirate of early sires .
smith ' s son of snake ( easby ) b . c . 17 - -
orville was bred by william wentworth - fitzwilliam ( 1748 - 1833 ) , 4th earl fitzwilliam , who also bred the st leger winner paulina ( b f 1804 sir peter teazle ) and the stallion mulatto ( b c 1823 catton ) , who finished 2nd to tarrare ( b c 1823 catton ) in the st leger and was later sent to stud in ireland . lord fitzwilliam also bred orville ' s dam , evelina ( br f 1791 highflyer ) and her half - sister , the st leger winner pewett ( b f 1786 tandem ) . evelina produced twelve offspring , including orville ' s half - brothers , the useful stallions cervantes ( b c 1806 don quixote ) and paulowitz ( br c 1813 sir paul ) .
he was described as standing slightly over 16 hands , bay in colour , with a small star on his forehead . although he was said to be a horse of great power , and fine symmetry and quality , and passed the latter on to his progeny , the
druid
noted that he had
a great deal of the coach - horse about him , and he stood very much over with one knee
. possessed of immense stamina , his jockey william edwards said of him that while
selim was the speediest , orville was the best for all distances
of the horses that he had ridden . in a four mile trial with haphazard ( br c 1797 sir peter teazle ) , orville was said to have given him
such a tying up
at even weights that haphazard
never again appeared in public
.
orville was a great success in the stud and was champion sire in 1817 and 1823 . he was shot in november of 1826 .
at 2 : won a sweep for 20 guineas each at doncaster , beating lord strathmore ' s strathspey ( b c 1799 pipator ) and three others , placed 4th in a sweep for 20 guineas each at york , won by lord darlington ' s l ' orient ( b c 1799 star ) .
at 3 : won the doncaster st leger , worth 350 guineas , defeating mr sitwell ' s pipylin ( br c 1799 sir peter teazle ) , lord fitzwilliam ' s sparrowhawk ( br c1799 buzzard ) , sir r winn ' s tankersley ( ch c 1799 overton ) , and three others , 2nd sweep for 50 guineas each at york , won by mr wardell ' s sir john ( ch c 1799 stride ) , who was later sent to russia , 2nd sweep for 30 guineas each at york , won by lord darlington ' s peter ( b c beningbrough ) , 2nd doncaster cup , won by mr brandling ' s alonzo ( b c 1798 pegasus ) , beating nine others .
at 4 : 2nd in a sweep of 20 guineas at york , won by sir thomas gascoigne ' s lennox ( ch c 1798 delpini ) , sweep for 100 guineas each at york , won by sir f standish ' s duxbury ( b c 1799 sir peter teazle ) , unplaced in his other start .
at 5 : won 120 guineas at york , beating lord darlington ' s colt ( b c ormond ) and maltonian ( ch c 1800 king fergus ) , won a sweep of 50 guineas each at doncaster , beating pipylin and doncaster ( br c 1800 sir peter teazle ) , won a 200 guineas match against colonel mellish ' s stockton ( br c 1799 gabriel ) over four miles , 2nd in a sweep of 25 guineas each , won by sir charles bunbury ' s eleanor ( b f 1798 whiskey ) , winner of both the derby and oaks stakes , 5th in a sweep for 25 guineas each , won by haphazard ( br c 1797 sir peter teazle ) .
at 6 : won the somerset stakes at brighton , worth 450 guineas , although he was the last of the four - horse field to cross the finish line , as sir h williamson ' s walton ( b c 1799 sir peter teazle ) , sir j shelley ' s houghton lass ( b f 1801 sir peter teazle ) and mr howorth ' s enterprise ( b c john bull ) apparently did not run the full course , won the prince ' s gold cup , worth 100 guineas with a sweep of 200 guineas , beating houghton lass , colonel mellish ' s lady brough ( b f 1801 stride ) and harefoot ( b c 1799 beningbrough ) , won the king ' s plate at lewes , beating the duke of richmond ' s rolla ( b c overton ) in both four - mile heats , rolla giving 2 pounds to orville , won a 100 guineas sweep , beating walton , unplaced in his only other start .
at 7 : won a 150 guineas sweep at newmarket over the beacon course , beating quiz ( ch c 1798 buzzard ) , st leger winner , and two others , won 50 guineas over the beacon course , beating parasol ( b f 1800 pot8os ) , staveley ( b c 1802 shuttle ) the st leger winner , houghton lass , and henry ( br c overton ) , orville giving at least 5 pounds to the rest , won a 200 guineas match against colonel mellish ' s sancho ( b c 1801 don quixote ) , the st leger winner who broke down in this race , collected 150 guineas forfeit at lewes from houghton lass , walked - over for 90 guineas at lewes , unplaced in his only other start .
at 8 : won a 300 guineas handicap sweep at newmarket , beating oaks winner pelisse ( br f 1801 whiskey ) , and enchanter ( ch c 1799 pot8os ) , won a 200 guineas match at lewes , beating pelisse , won 100 guineas at lewes , beating cerberus ( ch c 1802 gohanna ) , won the ladies ' plate at lewes , beating brighton ( br c 1804 gohanna ) , won 105 guineas at newmarket , beating canopus ( b c 1803 gohanna ) over the beacon course , won 350 guineas at newmarket , beating parasol over the beacon course , walked - over for 125 guineas at brighton .
agatha ( br f 1814 ) , 2nd dam of the oaks winner cyprian ( b f 1833 partisan ) , the latter the dam of the oaks winner songstress ( b f 1849 birdcatcher ) , and the great yorkshire stakes winner joe lovell ( b c 1841 velocipede ) .
coral ( b f 1816 ) , 2nd dam of lanterne ( b f 1841 hercule ) , winner of the prix du jockey club and prix de diane , and herself the dam of constance ( ch f 1848 gladiator ) , taproot of family 6 - d . coral was also 2nd dam of the prix du cadran winner tomate ( b f 1842 lottery ) .
desdemona ( br f 1811 ) , dam of the good sire and doncaster cup winner mulatto ( b c 1823 catton ) . mulatto sired the derby winner bloomsbury ( b c 1836 ) and martha lynn ( br f 1837 ) , taproot of family 2 - h , and dam of the the derby and st leger winner voltigeur ( br c 1847 voltaire ) .
etiquette ( br f 1820 ) , 2nd dam of honoria ( br f 1836 camel ) , taproot of family 14 - f .
gadabout ( br f 1812 ) , 3rd dam of the st leger and cesarewitch winner the baron ( ch c 1842 ) , sire of many good winners in france as well as the two thousand guineas and st leger winner stockwell ( ch c 1849 ) .
louisa ( br f 1813 ) , dam of the st leger winner jerry ( bl c 1821 smolensko ) and jessy ( ch f 1824 comus ) , winner of the champion stakes at lincoln .
miss cannon ( b f 1811 ) , 3rd dam of gallopade * ( gr f 1828 catton ) , who was sent to america and founded a great family there . gallopade * was the dam of cotillion ( ch f 1837 leviathan * ) , fandango ( gr f 1836 leviathan * ) and reel ( gr f 1838 glencoe * ) .
miss craigie ( b f 1811 ) , dam of the st leger winner birmingham ( br c 1827 filho da puta ) and of the useful stallion hedgeford * ( br c 1825 filho da puta ) .
orville mare ( br f 1815 ) , dam of the oaks winner miss letty ( b f 1834 priam ) and the champagne stakes winner francesca ( br f 1829 partisan ) . miss letty was also the 3rd dam of the good stallion oxford ( ch c 1857 birdcatcher ) .
orville mare ( br f 1809 ) , taproot of family 2 - s .
orville mare ( gr f 1814 ) , dam of the twinkle ( b f 1821 walton ) , taproot of family 19 - c .
orville mare ( br f 1812 ) , dam of the good stallion tranby * ( br c 1826 blacklock ) , wagtail ( b f 1818 prime minister ) , taproot of family 21 - a , and of miss bowe ( b f 1834 catton ) . miss bowe was the dam of the oaks winner iris ( ch f 1848 ithuriel ) , the st james ' s palace stakes winner tom bowline ( br c 1857 the flying dutchman ) , and the stewards ' cup winner and good sire longbow ( b c 1849 ithuriel ) .
orville mare ( b f 1819 ) , dam of the champion sire slane ( b c 1833 royal oak ) , who got the derby winner the merry monarch ( b c 1842 ) , the oaks winner the princess ( ch f 1841 ) , the two thousand guineas winner conyngham ( b c 1844 ) and the one thousand guineas winner lady orford ( ch f 1847 ) .
zoe ( b f 1825 ) , winner of the one thousand guineas stakes .
ebor ( gb ) b c 1814 ( orville - constantia , by walnut ) . sire line beningbrough . family 19 - b . bred by henry peirse , he won the st leger stakes in 1817 . he died at the early age of eight in 1822 .
master henry ( gb ) b c 1815 ( orville - miss sophia , by stamford ) . sire line beningbrough . family 3 - b . the sire of banter ( br f 1826 ) , taproot of family 14 - a , and dam of st leger winner launcelot ( br c 1837 camel ) and st leger winner and champion sire touchstone ( br c 1821 camel ) .
octavius ( gb ) br c 1809 ( orville - marianne , by mufti ) . sire line beningbrough . family 23 - a . bred by robert ladbroke , he won the derby stakes and the epsom gold cup . a useful sire he died in 1831 .
pollio ( gb ) b c 1823 ( orville - blue stockings , by popinjay ) . sire line beningbrough . family 2 . he was the sire of the oaks winner pussy ( br f 1831 ) .
emilius ( gb ) b c 1820 ( orville - emily , by stamford ) . sire line beningbrough . family 28 .
muley ( gb ) b c 1810 ( orville - eleanor , by whiskey ) . sire line beningbrough . family 6 - a .
sister to hanniball one of cuthbert routh ' s broodmares was sister to hanniball . her pedigree is given as
own sister to hanniball ( bay ) foaled about 1716 . got by terror , her dam by flattface , her granddam by old spott , her great granddam by a little mountain barb , and her g g grandam was full sister to sir robert bainton ' s bay diamond
[ early records : 55 ] .
sister to hanniball ' s dam this mare was also in cuthbert routh ' s stud . her pedigree is given as
little bay mare : sister to hanniball ' s dam . gott by flattface , her dam by old spott , her grandam by mr curwen ' s gray turk , which got flanderkin ; her g granddam by a little arabian , her g g granddam by old famous white shirt , and out of an extraordinary mare of ld montague ' s of codrey . this white shirt mare was granddam to flanderkin , granddam to little george , g granddam to mr hall ' s lady legs , & g g granddam to the colt i sold his grace of bolton in august 1721
[ early records : 56 ] .
it is apparent from the pedigrees given for sister to hanniball and hanniball ' s dam that the whiteshirt mare was a full sister to bainton ' s diamond .
crop crop is recorded in the general stud book as
1719 f by greyhound
belonging to mr crofts , her dam
curwen barb mare ( sister to little george ) , bred by lord darcy
[ gsb 1 : 73 ] . in 1724 sir r milbanke ' s crop ran at hambleton for the mares ' plate as a 5 year old in 1735 , at age 16 , she was given to to cuthbert routh .
crop , sistr to sampson , given to me by sr r milbanke
[ early records : 44 ] . her pedigree is confirmed in routh ' s stud book ,
crop ( sister to sampson ) . bred by mr crofts in 1719 , got by greyhound , out of sister to little george by the curwen bay barb , her dam by the d ' arcy chestnut arabian , out of a mare by whiteshirt
. no information is provided for her between the ages of 5 and 16 . she is shown to have two colts for mr routh , crab [ routh ' s ] ( gr c 1736 crab ) and venture ( ch c 1738 oroonoko ) . it is also noted that she was covered by simon in 1738 , and that there is no further record [ early records : 60 ] . no mention is made of her sale , trade or death . her color is not recorded .
sister to sampson sampson ( gr c 1721 ) had two sisters , one named crop , and the other appearing in the general stud book under her dam as
1723 ch f by ditto [ greyhound ]
owned by mr crofts [ gsb 1 : 73 ] . her own entry reads
greyhound mare ( sister to sampson ) , bred by mr crofts , in 1723 , dam by the curwen bay barb - d ' arcy ' s chesnut arabian
. the chestnut sister to sampson is credited with producing twenty foals , including two greys by the chestnut crofts ' partner , and a filly that was
erroneously described as a colt in earlier editions
[ gsb 1 : 96 ] . given that mr crofts owned both crop and sister to sampson , that mr routh did not acquire crop until the age of 16 , that crop ' s history is unrecorded between the ages of 5 and 16 , that both crop and sister to sampson are referred to as sisters to sampson , and that crop ' s coat color is not recorded , it seems possible that both mares were in crofts ' stud , and that some of their offspring were credited to each other .
grisewood ' s lady thigh grisewood ' s lady thigh is attributed to sister to sampson in the general stud book ,
1731 ch f lady thigh , by ditto [ partner ]
her dam the
greyhound mare ( sister to sampson )
[ gsb 1 : 96 ] . her coat colour is confirmed by both baily ' s racing register , where she is called
mr grisewood ' s ch m
, and pick , who says she was a chestnut and won a race at ludlow as an 8 year old , in 1839 [ pick 1 : 45 ] . however , harrison attributes lady thigh to crop
grisewood ' s ( later ' the duke ' s ' & eventually hammond ' s ) lady thigh ( gsb 1 : 112 ) by crofts ' partner : routh ' s crop , alias ' sister to sampson ' , by greyhound
[ early american turf stock 1 : 165 ] . in a certificate given richard elliot , of brunswick county , virginia , for the pedigree of spotswood ' s apollo , grisewood ' s lady thigh is specifically noted
apollo was got by fearnought : his dam by the cullen arabian : her dam was the noted mare called lady thigh got by partner : her grandam by greyhound : her great grandam by the curwen bay barb , which mare was the dam of sophonisba , remarkable for her high form and great speed . this pedigree of apollo ' s dam was attested by his grace the duke of kingston
.


oppomorus noduliferus , common name the nodule castror bean , is a species of sea snail , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .

oppomorus noduliferus

specimen shell : oppomorus noduliferus each seashell we have have been carefully picked to ensure the highest seashells quality . these shells come from all over the philippines , provided by fishermen ( australia - queensland , long island ) , divers , muricidae specimen shell : oppomorus noduliferus menke 1829
sea shell information on : ts140311 - muricidae oppomorus - > noduliferus . this specimen is of muricidae . the specimen shell of groupe : oppomorus . shell found on the philippines . shell is of exceptional quality . more sea shell information
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - species : oppomorus noduliferus ( k . t . menke , 1829 ) - id : 1910701731
oppomorus is a genus of sea snails , marine gastropod mollusks in the family muricidae , the murex snails or rock snails .
( of purpura chaidea duclos , 1832 ) duclos [ p . l . ] . ( 1832 ) . description de quelques espèces de pourpres , servant de type à six sections établies dans ce genre . annales des sciences naturelles . 26 : 103 - 112 . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 106 , pl . 1 fig . 4 [ details ]
( of purpura nassoides quoy & gaimard , 1833 ) quoy j . r . c . & gaimard j . p . ( 1832 - 1835 ) . voyage de découvertes de l '
astrolabe
exécuté par ordre du roi , pendant les années 1826 - 1829 , sous le commandement de m . j . dumont d ' urville . zoologie . paris : tastu . 1 : i - l 1 - 264 ; 2 ( 1 ) : 1 - 321 [ 1832 ] ; 2 ( 2 ) : 321 - 686 [ 1833 ] ; 3 ( 1 ) : 1 - 366 [ 1834 ] ; 3 ( 2 ) : 367 - 954 [ 1835 ] ; atlas ( mollusques ) : pls 1 - 93 [ 1833 ] . , available online at urltoken page ( s ) : 564 [ details ]
( of purpura nassoidea blainville , 1832 ) blainville h . m . d . de . ( 1832 ) . disposition méthodique des espèces récentes et fossiles des genres pourpre , ricinule , licorne et concholepas de m . de lamarck , et description des espèces nouvelles ou peu connues , faisant partie de la collection du muséum d ' histoire naturelle de paris . nouvelles annales du muséum d ' histoire naturelle . 1 : 189 - 263 , pls 9 - 12 . page ( s ) : 205 [ details ]
claremont m . , houart r . , williams s . t . & reid d . g . ( 2013 ) . a molecular phylogenetic framework for the ergalataxinae ( neogastropoda : muricidae ) . journal of molluscan studies . 79 ( 1 ) : 19 - 29 . , available online at urltoken [ details ]
( of morula chaidea ( duclos , 1832 ) ) spencer , h . g . , marshall , b . a . & willan , r . c . ( 2009 ) . checklist of new zealand living mollusca . pp 196 - 219 . in : gordon , d . p . ( ed . ) new zealand inventory of biodiversity . volume one . kingdom animalia : radiata , lophotrochozoa , deuterostomia . canterbury university press , christchurch . [ details ]
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version 43 . 0 went live 11 / 6 / 2018 - i hope that the majority of issues have been fixed . my email address is on the home page if you see anything wrong .
purpura chaidea duclos , p . l . , 1832 : philippines ; new zealand
purpura chaidea duclos , p . l . , 1832 : ninety mile beach , north island , new zealand
purpura nassoides quoy , h . e . t . & j . p . gaimard , 1833
relatively common in the solitary islands marine park . recorded from queensland , western australia and norfolk island . also recorded from madagascar .
carnivorous , feeding on other gastropods , bivalves and barnacles . considered a pest in bivalve aquaculture . specimen photographed approximately 20mm in length .
all information was correct at the time of publication and is subject to change without notice . copyright 2014 , solitary islands underwater research group inc . ( abn : 38 104 639 980 ) - all rights reserved .
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this marine genus is endemic to australia and occurs off new south wales , queensland , western australia .


pterophorus volgensis is a moth of the family pterophoridae .

the wingspan is 18 – 20 mm .

the forewings are white with brownish-grey spots .

the hindwings are brownish-grey .

the larvae feed on rindera tetraspis .

pterophorus volgensis

pterophorus volgensis is a moth of the pterophoridae family . it is found in russia ( including the ural mountains ) .
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