the incan little mastiff bat ( mormopterus phrudus ) is a species of bat in the family molossidae , the free-tailed bats .

it belongs to the subgenus micronomus .

this bat is endemic to peru , where it is known only from one location , its type locality at machu picchu .

it is considered a vulnerable species by the international union for conservation of nature ( iucn ) and an endangered species by the nation of peru ; though it is rare , it lives in a protected area .

it may be a microendemic species .

incan little mastiff bat

the incan little mastiff bat ( mormopterus phrudus ) is a species of bat in the family molossidae , the free - tailed bats . it belongs to the subgenus micronomus .
wikipedia article copyright notice : this article is licensed under the gnu free documentation license . it uses material from the wikipedia article
incan little mastiff bat
.
glenn , c . r . 2006 .
earth ' s endangered creatures - incan little mastiff bat facts
( online ) - licensed article from wikipedia : the free encyclopedia . accessed
facts summary : the incan little mastiff bat ( mormopterus phrudus ) is a species of concern belonging in the species group
mammals
and found in the following area ( s ) : peru .
little is known about the biology of the bat . it has been observed roosting in caves at an altitude of 3000 meters . it may be a
very little known on habitat and ecology , may prefer montane forest based on habitat at type locality ( davaros pers . comm . ) . occurs at 3 , 000 m and may roost in caves ( velazco pers comm . ) .
very little is known on preferred habitats and ecology of this species . based on the predominant habitat at the type locality it may prefer montane forests . it occurs between 2 , 000 - 3 , 000 m and may roost in caves or crevices ( p . m . velazco pers comm . ) , like similar small - sized molossids .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
thank you for taking the time to provide feedback on the iucn red list of threatened species website , we are grateful for your input .
the mormopterus genus requires review ( molinari pers . comm . ) , however the species is valid ( velazco pers . comm ) .
pacheco , v . , aguirre , v . & mantilla - meluk , h .
justification : the species is assessed as vulnerable , because it is known from only a single location , and so far seems to have very specific requirements for habitat or roosts . although this site is found in a national protected area , the species is still under some risk due to habitat alteration ; slash - and - burn is still in practice by local farmers nearby the area . it is plausible that this restricted - range species could be driven towards a higher threatened category in a short time period . more information on its ecology and population are needed .
this species is only known from the type locality at cuzco , machu picchu , urubamba river , san miguel bridge , peru ( simmons 2005 ) .
this species is rare - only nine or ten specimen collected , areas with suitable habitat in a neighbouring national park surrounding the locality have been surveyed using a range of methodologies and failed to find the species ( p . m . velazco pers . comm ) . the species is considered ' critically endangered ' in the national red list of peru ( ds 004 - 2014 - minagri ) .
this species is known only from one location . although it is within a national protected area , some loss of forest cover occurs eventually ; slash - and - burn is still in practice by local farmers nearby the area .
the type locality is within a protected area , although local farmers can access areas within the sanctuary , with the consequent risks of habitat alteration . being a small mammal , a nocturnal one , specific management policies are hard to implement .
to make use of this information , please check the < terms of use > .
this species is known only from the type locality cuzco , machu picchu , urubamba river , san miguel bridge , peru ( simmons , 2005 ) .
type for mormopterus phrudus handley , 1956 catalog number : usnm 194449 collection : smithsonian institution , national museum of natural history , department of vertebrate zoology , division of mammals sex / stage : male ; adult preparation : skin ; skull collector ( s ) : e . heller year collected : 1915 locality : matchu picchu , san miguel bridge , urubamba river , cusco , peru , south america elevation ( m ) : 1829
type : handley , c . o . 1956 dec 31 . proceedings of the biological society of washington . 69 : 197 .
medelln , r . ( chiroptera red list authority ) & schipper , j . ( global mammal assessment team )
listed as vulnerable because it is known from only a single location , however , this is in a national park so it has some protection . given more information on the population the species may qualify for inclusion in a higher threatened category .
this species is rare - only nine or ten specimen collected , areas with suitable habitat in a neighbouring national park surounding the locality have been surveyed using a range of methodolgies and failed to find the species ( velazco pers . comm . ) . may be micro endemic ( aguirre pers . comm . ) . the species is considered ' endangered ' in the national red list of peru ( velazco pers . comm . ) .
( iucn ) and an endangered species by the nation of peru ; though it is rare , it lives in a protected area .
pacheco , v . , aguirre , l . , & mantilla , h . 2008 . mormopterus phrudus . the iucn red list of threatened species . version 2014 . 3 . downloaded on 25 march 2015 .
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
this article is only an excerpt . if it appears incomplete or if you wish to see article references , visit the rest of its contents here .
the tasmanian devil is endemic to australia . although this species is called tiger ( named for its stripes ) and wolf ( due to its canid - like appearance ) , it is not a member of the cat or wolf family . it is a member of the marsupial family . other members of this family include kangaroos and koala bears .
the last known tasmanian tiger died in a zoo in hobart , tasmania in 1936 , but there have been hundreds of unconfirmed sightings , and a reserve has been set up in southwestern tasmania in the hopes that possible surviving individuals can have adequate habitat .
list of all endangered animals . list of all endangered plants . list of all endangered species ( animals & plants ) . by species group ( mammal , birds , etc ) . . . united states endangered species list . browse by country , island , us state . . . search for an endangered species profile .
are you inspired by endangered animals ? check out our games and coloring pages ! more to come soon .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
mammals of south america , vol . 1 : marsupials , xenarthrans , shrews , and bats
simmons , nancy b . / wilson , don e . , and deeann m . reeder , eds .
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 3rd ed . , vols . 1 & 2
mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference , 2nd ed . , 3rd printing
with contributions by bernadette n . graham , adam p . potter , and mariana m . upmeyer
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
confused by a class within a class or an order within an order ? please see our brief essay .
to cite this page : myers , p . , r . espinosa , c . s . parr , t . jones , g . s . hammond , and t . a . dewey . 2018 . the animal diversity web ( online ) . accessed at https : / / animaldiversity . org .
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
biokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright © 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .


royal academy ( february 21 , 1987 – 22 february 2012 ) was an irish thoroughbred racehorse bred in the united states best known as the winner of the 1990 breeders ' cup mile in which famed british jockey lester piggott came out of retirement to ride the colt to victory .

in 1991 royal academy was retired to stud at coolmore stud 's american arm , ashford stud in versailles , kentucky .

among others , he sired 2001 breeders ' cup mile winner val royal , bullish luck who in 2006 was voted hong kong horse of the year and has career earnings of $ 6,435,501 , and bel esprit who is the sire of black caviar who was rated the best sprinter in the world in 2010 , 2011 , 2012 and 2013 .

he sired a british classic winner in the filly sleepytime , who won the 1000 guineas in 1997 .

royal academy was retired from stud duty in 2010 and died of old age on 22 february 2012 at the coolmore stud in australia .

royal academy ( horse )

hip no . 310 , vienna calling , a royal academy filly . . .
among the other top runners sired by royal academy from his first five crops were grade / group i winners val royal ( who also won the breeders ' cup mile ) , ali - royal , carmine lake , sleepytime , zalaiyka , and lavery . in addition , royal academy was represented by bullish luck , a horse of the year in hong kong and a grade i winner in japan .
royal academy also won the july cup and died of old age at coolmore australia , where he spent the last part of his life .
one of the last links to both english triple crown hero nijinsky and his late trainer vincent o’brien , royal academy is best remembered for winning the 1990 breeders’ cup mile .
“royal academy has been a tremendous servant to coolmore , wherever he’s been based . he spent the last five years of his life here , the last two years in retirement .
in the ladbroke sprint cup ( eng - i ) , royal academy returned to the u . s . where he closed out his career with a victory in the breeders’ cup mile ( gr . it ) . the breeders’ cup triumph was more noteworthy because royal academy was ridden by famed jockey lester piggott , who had come out of retirement at the age of 54 .
the horse earned his first group i success by taking the six - furlong july cup ( eng - i ) at newmarket . after finishing second to sprinter
royal academy under lester piggott wins the bc mile for ireland cutting down itsallgreektome close home . lester having only recently returned to race riding after a spell in jail . notice a hint of bias from british commentator graham goode throughout . disclaimer - this video is not mine , i have uploaded it purely for the education and enjoyment values of the horse racing fans on youtube .
the breeders’ cup is truly horse racing’s most glamorous event , and it attracts the jet set from around the globe . don’t miss your chance to see , and be seen .
bred in kentucky by tom gentry , royal academy ' s dam was a grade iii winner and he was a half brother to grade ii winner and sire pancho villa and grade ii winner terlingua , the dam of legengary sire storm cat .
after entering stud at coolmore in ireland for a fee of 30 , 000 irish guineas , royal academy was represented by four group winners from his first crop , including two - time irish st . leger ( ire - i ) winner and champion
“it’s very sad , ” coolmore australia’s tom magnier said in a statement . “royal academy has been a tremendous servant to coolmore , wherever he’s been based . he spent the last five years of his life here , the last two years in retirement .
purchased by the late trainer m . vincent o’brien for a sale - topping $ 3 . 5 million at the 1988 keeneland july yearling sale , royal academy won or placed second in six of seven career starts while earning the u . s . equivalent of $ 758 , 994 . during his 3 - year - old campaign of 1990 in which he was the european highweighted 3 - year - old at 7 - 9 1 / 2 furlongs , royal academy won the e . b . f . stakes ( ire - iii ) before finishing second in the irish two thousand guineas ( ire - i ) .
royal academy ( usa ) b . h , 1987 { 8 - c } dp = 9 - 3 - 16 - 8 - 0 ( 36 ) di = 1 . 25 cd = 0 . 36 - 7 starts , 4 wins , 2 places , 0 shows career earnings : $ 970 , 000
according to coolmore , royal academy has sired progeny that have earned the equivalent of more than $ 120 million . he stood at stud in ireland , the u . s . , australia , south america ( a two - time leading sire in brazil ) , and japan and he is also represented by sons who are achieving success at stud world - wide .
in 1982 a group of prominent thoroughbred breeders from central kentucky , led by the visionary john gaines , hatched a plan . their idea was to create a year - end , culminating championship for their sport . an event where horses from across the world could meet to settle the age old question , who is the best . an event that celebrated the best of horse racing . put it on a national platform and helped to build the market for racing and breeding . their vision - the breeders ' cup .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
he was ridden that day by lester piggott , who had only just been released from a stint in prison .
“he has been wonderfully prolific , siring more than 160 stakes winners and his progeny earnings are the equivalent of more than us 120 , 000 , 000 .
“he sired major winners over a wide range of distances , at all ages .
“i suspect , though , that his greatest legacy is the speed he passed on to the best of his australian descendants – the brilliant black caviar is by one of his sons while champion sire - elect fastnet rock is out of one of his daughters . ”
© irish examiner ltd , linn dubh , assumption road , blackpool , cork . registered in ireland : 523712 .
won 3 races at 2 and 3 years and £192 , 579 including carroll foundation july cup ( newmarket , g1 , 6f , t ) , dermot mccalmont tetrarch ebf stakes ( curragh , g3 , 7f , t ) , placed 3 times including second in airlie coolmore irish 2000 guineas ( curragh , g1 , 8f , t ) and ladbroke sprint cup ( haydock park , g1 , 6f , t ) ; also won race in u . s . a . , £279 , 503 viz , breeders cup mile ( belmont park , g1 , 8f , t ) ;
purchased for $ 3 . 5 million dollars ; sired 171 sw ; pensioned in 2007 .
died feb . 22 , 2012 , of natural causes at coolmore australia . ( close )
i work with this irish guy from the town of sligo , . . .
as we say good - bye to 2012 , it is time to take a f . . .
winx ' s staying power as one of the world ' s top rac . . .
t . j . comerford , assistant trainer for aidan o ' brie . . .
coolmore ' s 25 - year - old son of nijinsky ii dies in australia .
, who has been represented by more than 160 stakes winners , died feb . 22 at coolmore australia due to the infirmities of old age . the son of nijinsky ii out of the crimson satan mare crimson saint was 25 .
, the undefeated 5 - year - old mare who has won all 19 career starts , including eight group i stakes .
“he sired major winners over a wide range of distances , at all ages , ” magnier continued . “i suspect , though , that his greatest legacy is the speed he passed on to the best of his australian descendants—the brilliant black caviar is by one of his sons while champion sire - elect fastnet rock is out of one of his daughters . ”
the breeders ' cup classic , run at 1 1 / 4 miles , draws the top international thoroughbreds year after year .
don ' t miss a minute of the action . view the tv schedule and add it to your calendar to be notified about each upcoming nbc sports broadcast .
85 races in 12 countries . view the entire 2018 breeders ' cup challenge series schedule .
with races selected worldwide in every championship division , owning a breeders’ cup nominated runner is more important than ever .
view the complete details of how to play and prize information in the rules .
since 1984 , the world ' s finest thoroughbreds have competed in the breeders’ cup world championships for a place in history .
see everything from race replays to handle and weather from every championship since 1984 .
the breeding industry is the cornerstone of the breeders’ cup program , the very foundation of our championships and challenge series .
find the best places to stay and recuperate after a full day of non - stop excitement .
as the world’s greatest converge on louisville and churchill downs , here are some helpful tips for finding your way there .
you must have an official , pre - paid parking pass to park at churchill downs . here ' s everything you need to know .
a variety of premium dining experiences are available providing you and your guests with a world - class , memorable experience .
all reserved seating offers unforgettable views of the stretch run and is conveniently located to wagering facilities , restrooms , concessions and bar service .
general admission tickets allow access to first floor levels of the clubhouse and grandstand area .
beginning with the dramatic three - way finish in the 1984 classic , the breeders’ cup has charged to the front of the worldwide racing stage . thirty - four runnings and 318 champions later , the event has transcended the sport itself .
the story of the breeders ' cup trophy dates back to the late 1580s . read about its rich history here .
rare combinations of flowers grown exclusively for the breeders ' cup since 1988 make this garland fit for a champion .
the breeding industry is the cornerstone of the breeders’ cup program . all horses have to be nominated in order to compete in the breeders’ cup world championships and it all begins with the stallions .
the breeders ' cup is two full days and dressing fashionably each day is a must . both men and women alike use this event to showcase their best style .
jockey : lester piggott trainer : michael v . o ' brien owner : classic ire stable breeder : tom gentry
sold to m v o brien consigned by barry l . weisbord , trustee for tom gentry , debtor
* current year statistics include all north american races and dubai world cup day . career statistics include results from all countries .
* current year includes north american and dubai world cup day statistics ; all previous years include results from all countries .
racing achievements and top 100 rankings include north american ( u . s . , canada and puerto rico ) thoroughbred races only .
dermot mccalmont tetrarch e . b . f . stakes ( gr . 3 )
equibase company is the official supplier of racing information and statistics to america ' s best racing , breeders ' cup , daily racing form , ntra , the jockey club , tra , tvg and xpressbet .
proprietary to and © 2018 equibase company llc . all rights reserved . the terms of use for this web site prohibit the use of any robot , spider , scraper or any other automated means to access the contents of this site . the terms of use also expressly prohibit the republication or dissemination of the contents of this screen without the prior written consent of equibase company llc .


eumenes fraternus is a species of potter wasp in the subfamily eumeninae of the family vespidae .

it is native to the eastern united states and canada .

the female builds a miniature pot out of mud in which it lays an egg and places a live caterpillar .

its developing larva feeds on this whereas the adult wasp feeds primarily on nectar .

eumenes fraternus

c . michael hogan set
image of eumenes fraternus
as an exemplar on
eumenes fraternus say , 1824
.
black potter wasp ( eumenes fraternus ) building its nest . eumenes fraternus has jet - black body with distinctive ivory - color ma
black potter wasp ( eumenes fraternus ) building its nest . eumenes stock photo : 106697508 - alamy
eumenes fraternus is most readily separated from eumenes smithii by color : eumenes fraternus is black with a few pale yellowish white markings , while eumenes smithii is black with extensive reddish orange markings . isley ( 1917 ) gave several morphological differences which are not as obvious as color .
figure 1 . adult potter wasp , eumenes fraternus say . photograph by lyle j . buss , university of florida .
katja schulz set
potter wasp . thanks hydrophobia iguanodon
as an exemplar on
eumenes fraternus say , 1824
.
fontenelle nature association , 2008 .
eumenes fraternus
( on - line ) . naturesearch . accessed february 01 , 2012 at urltoken .
short , s . 2013 .
eumenes fraternus
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
figure 2 . eumenes fraternus females will build their brood cells on vines and twigs as well exterior surfaces of building including screens , brick , etc .
c . michael hogan marked the classification from
species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013
as preferred for
eumenes fraternus say , 1824
.
eumenes fraternus occurs from about the 100th meridian eastward in the united states and canada . the nominate subspecies of eumenes smithii is found in the southern states from mississippi eastward and north carolina southward . the subspecies eumenes smithii belfragei cresson occurs from mexico northward through eastern texas , oklahoma , kansas , and eastward to missouri and arkansas .
to cite this page : short , s . 2013 .
eumenes fraternus
( on - line ) , animal diversity web . accessed july 09 , 2018 at urltoken
figure 1 . two potter wasps commonly occur in the galveston - houston region . eumenes fraternus has a shiny - black body with ivory - color markings . adults feed on nectar .
iwata k . 1953 . biology of eumenes in japan . mushi 25 : 25 - 46 .
most area gardeners would probably not recognize eumenes fraternus by sight but the majority of local gardeners would likely recognize their brood nests since they are quite distinctive , very common and occur in a variety of places . the brood cell constructed by a female eumenes fraternus potter wasp is most interesting as it looks like a miniature pot or jug , complete with cover when it is sealed . their brood cells are made from mud and are approximately the size of a marble .
currently there are eight species and 10 subspecies of eumenes known in america north of mexico ( arnett 2000 ) . only eumenes fraternus say and the nominate subspecies of eumenes smithii saussure occur in florida . these wasps make the familiar jug - like mud nests found on buildings , window sills , screens , and shrubs around the home . members of the subfamily eumenidae may be identified to genus with the aid of a key in parker ( 1966 ) . the only key for identifying north american species of eumenes is that of isley ( 1917 ) which is somewhat out of date .
common name : potter wasps of florida scientific name : eumenes spp . ( insecta : hymenoptera : vespidae : eumeninae )
nests : although many wasps make mud nests , the jug - like pots of eumenes are not easily confused with those of other species . nests of this type , found around the home , are almost certainly made by eumenes . according to isley ( 1917 ) , the nest of eumenes smithii may be distinguished from that of eumenes fraternus by the more granular and roughened surface due to small lumps of earth . this observation was based on one nest , however , and is probably not a consistent difference . eggs are suspended from slender threads from either the top of side of the pot ( arnett 2000 ) .
figure 2 . eumenes spp . wing ( a ) and abdomen ( b ) . drawing by division of plant industry .
two species of potter wasps are widespread in galveston county area . eumenes fraternus sports a jet - black body with distinctive ivory - color markings . pachodynerus erynnis sports a black body with broad two segments of the abdomen being reddish in color . legs and antennae are also reddish colored .
on a final note , when you do remove the nests of the eumenes fraternus potter wasp , bring them to the galveston county extension office in dickinson . as a potter myself , i ' d be very interested to see what would happen if these little pots were fired to 2000 degrees fahrenheit in my kiln !
adult potter wasps are smaller than mud daubers , with bodies 3 / 8
to 3 / 4
long . as noted previously , the adult stage of eumenes fraternus is black with ivory markings on the abdomen and thorax . it also has a narrow
waist .
potter wasp adults feed on flower nectar .
bequaert , j . 1938 . the three eumenes of canada and the northeastern united states ; with notes on other north american species ( hymenoptera ; vespidae ) .
adults : eumenes have a characteristic appearance . adults are 13 to 17 mm in length ( arnett 2000 ) . the first abdominal segments are rather elongate ( i . e . , petiolate ) , increasing gradually in width posteriorly from the point of attachment at the thorax . one other genus of eumenid wasp ( zethus ) could easily be confused with eumenes , but the second abdominal segment is more petiolate and the posterior margin of the second submarginal cell truncates whereas in eumenes , the cell is acute .
the genus was named after the greek general eumenes . the root of the name has been widely used to construct many other genus - level names for potter wasps with petiolated metasoma like brachymenes , santamenes , oreumenes , pachymenes , katamenes , etc . most of those groups have been treated as part of the genus eumenes for a long time .
the name
potter wasp
derives from the shape of the mud nests built by species of eumenes and similar genera . it is believed that native americans based their pottery designs upon the form of local potter wasp nests . [ von frisch , 1974 ] .
biology . the nest of e . verticalis is recorded here for the first time ( fig . 19 . 5 ) . unlike other species of eumenes it is attached to rocks and is hemispherical ( rather than spherical ) . even though we have examined only one nest we assume rocks are the usual choice of substrate because of the habitat preferences of this species . unlike the common e . fraternus and e . crucifera , the rarely collected e . verticalis prefers sparsely vegetated habitats like empty lots , gravel pits and rocky shorelines . prey are probably caterpillars , as in other species .
eumenes fraternus females will build their brood cells on vines and twigs . they very commonly will construct brood cells on window screens and other surfaces on the outside of buildings . after a wasp emerges from a brood cell as an adult , the opening is quite often perfectly round , adding to the illusion that it was thrown on a potter ' s wheel . the new adult wasp emerges from the brood cell by chewing a hole through the thin side of the pot . ( it would seem logical for it to emerge through the neck , but this part of the structure is in fact the thickest area of the pot . )
species recognition . besides characters provided in the key e . fraternus can be distinguished from e . crucifera and e . verticalis by the shorter pubescence of the scape ( hair length less than 0 . 8x mid ocellar diameter ) . in e . crucifera and especially e . verticalis at least some hairs are as longs as mid ocellar diameter .
eumenes is the type genus of the subfamily eumeninae (
potter wasps
) of vespidae . it is a large and widespread genus , with over 100 taxa ( species and subspecies ) , mostly occurring in the temperate portions of the northern hemisphere . most species are black or brown , and commonly marked with strikingly contrasting patterns of yellow , white , orange , or red ( or combinations thereof ) . like most vespids , their wings are folded longitudinally at rest . the first metasomal segment is narrow and elongate , creating a
bulbous
appearance to the abdomen .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 transitional / / en
urltoken
matthias buck , stephen a . marshall , and david k . b . cheung
variation . fore wing length 8–10 . 5 mm ( ♂♂ ) , 10–12 . 5 mm ( ♀♀ ) . colour of pale markings always ivory . female clypeus with an arched dorsal mark , sometimes interrupted medially . female scape black , sometimes with pale basal spot . mesopleuron rarely with a dorsal spot in female . propodeum in male rarely with a pair of dorsal pale spots . apices of femora at most with small pale spot . tergum 1 exceptionally with a pair of pale spots . spots of tergum 2 rarely small or absent in male . preapical fasciae usually present on terga 1–4 or 5 in male and 1–4 ( 5 ) in female . fasciae on sterna highly variable , more or less developed or absent on sterna 3–6 in male ; female usually with a pair of lateral spots on sterna 3 and sometimes 4 .
distribution . canada : on . eastern u . s . : nh and ma south to fl , west to mn , ne , ks , ok , tx ( krombein 1979 , bequaert 1938 ) .
biology . builds jug - like mud nests that are usually attached to twigs . prey are caterpillars ( krombein 1979 ) .
upcoming events 2018 bugguide gathering in virginia july 27 - 29 : registration and discussion photos of insects and people from the 2015 gathering in wisconsin , july 10 - 12 photos of insects and people from the 2014 gathering in virginia , june 4 - 7 . photos of insects and people from the 2013 gathering in arizona , july 25 - 28 photos of insects and people from the 2012 gathering in alabama photos of insects and people from the 2011 gathering in iowa photos from the 2010 workshop in grinnell , iowa photos from the 2009 gathering in washington
females lay egg in mud nest ( built on twig , etc . ) , then provision with small caterpillars esp . cankerworms . also reported to provision with sawflies .
at least two generations a year , from late spring to early fall . overwinters as prepupa in cells . - - based on richard vernier ' s comments
identification atlas of the vespidae ( hymenoptera , aculeata ) of the northeastern nearctic region matthias buck , stephen a . marshall , and david k . b . cheung . 2008 . biological survey of canada [ canadian journal of arthropod identification ] .
insects of north carolina c . s . brimley . 1938 . north carolina department of agriculture .
disclaimer : dedicated naturalists volunteer their time and resources here to provide this service . we strive to provide accurate information , but we are mostly just amateurs attempting to make sense of a diverse natural world . if you need expert professional advice , contact your local extension office .
contributors own the copyright to and are solely responsible for contributed content . click the contributor ' s name for licensing and usage information . everything else copyright © 2003 - 2018 iowa state university , unless otherwise noted .
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd xhtml 1 . 0 strict / / en
urltoken
figure 3 . zethus spp . wing ( a ) and abdomen ( b ) . drawing by division of plant industry .
as with many wasps , their destruction of insects that attack cultivated and ornamental plants far outweighs the unsightliness of the few mud pots you might find on your home , other structures and in the garden . occasional nests that must be removed may be scraped off with any blade - like object . as only immatures wasps inhabit the mud nests , there is no danger of a wasp sting .
arnett jr rh . 2000 . american insects : a handbook of the insects of america north of mexico . crc press . boca raton . 1003 pp .
isley d . 1914 . the biology of some kansas eumenidae . kansas university science bulletin 8 : 233 - 309 .
isley d . 1917 . a synopsis of the petiolate wasps of the family eumenidae ( hymenoptera ) , found in america north of mexico . annals of the entomological society of america 10 : 345 - 366 .
linsley eg . 1962 . sleeping aggregations of aculeate hymenoptera . — ii . annals of the entomological society of america 55 : 148 - 164 .
parker fd . 1966 . a revision of the north american species in the genus leptochilus ( hymenoptera : eumenidae ) . miscellaneous publications of the entomological society of america . 5 : 151 - 229 .
say t . 1824 . in keating ' s narrative of an expedition to the source of st . peter ' s river , lake winnepeck , lake of the woods , under the command of major long 1823 . philadelphia . appendix 2 . pp . 268 - 378 .
author : e . e . grissell ( retired ) , florida department of agriculture and consumer services , division of plant industry .
publication date : april 2007 . latest revision : july 2016 . reviewed : december 2017 .
, a species of potter wasp , is native to the nearctic region . it is found in eastern north america and the eastern united states , occuring as far west as ontario in canada , and minnesota , kansas , oklahoma , nebraska , and texas in the united states .
lives in temperate forests , at woodland edges , and in shrubby fields . these wasps are also found in suburban or agricultural areas . juveniles live in small domes that the mother constructs with mud . these domes are found on shrubs , bushy plants , and various overhangs that are anywhere from less than 1 meter off the ground to about 5 meters high in the treeline . the egg domes are usually found on the outside of forest edges .
is small and delicate , measuring about 9 . 5 to 19 mm long . the body is black and shiny , and ivory markings are present on the face , thorax , and abdomen . the first abdominal segment is long and stalk - like . wingspan ranges from 8 to 12 . 5 mm and wings are a metallic bluish - brown . females are slightly larger than males . the species can be distinguished from close relatives
by a shorter pubescence of the scape , which is less than 0 . 8x mid ocular diameter . in the closely related species , the scape has longer hairs . this wasp undergoes incomplete metaphorphosis and has immature stages differing from adults .
range wingspan 8 to 12 . 5 mm 0 . 31 to 0 . 49 in
) lay fertilized eggs in a dome constructed with mud . the sex of each of these eggs is genetically determined by a single gene loci with many alleles . once the eggs hatch , the larvae grow and develop in the pot and eat paralyzed
that the mother provides for sustenance . potter wasp development occurs solely within a closed environment , and little is known about the metamorphosis between juvenile and adult stages . development can be put on hiatus for overwintering . in this case , the egg remains within the mud dome until conditions are appropriate for the wasp to continue development . once the wasp reaches adulthood , it burrows out of the nest .
( buck , et al . , 2008 ; hubbell , 1989 ; hubbell , 1993 )
has a short life cycle , and thus can spawn two or three generations within one season . mating occurs in the spring , summer , and fall , and the species overwinters during the colder winter months . research has not yet determined if these wasps are polygynous or polygynandrous .
reproduction in potter wasps is not well understood . courtship , mating , and oviposition occur in the spring , summer , and fall , and potter wasps can spawn two to three generations between winters . females are oviparous and lays one egg in each mud pot they construct . females may construct many pots to house all of her eggs .
breeding interval potter wasps can breed two to three times per year , in the warmer months .
breeding season courtship , mating , and oviposition occur in the spring , summer , and fall .
do not invest in the offspring , except to contribute gametes . females construct mud domes where the eggs mature . they also paralyze caterpillars and deposit them into the dome for nourishment . afterwards , female potter wasps do not tend to the pot and do not stay long enough to see the adults emerge .
potter wasps are solitary wasps , living on their own or in groups . they are known for constructing miniature spherical pots or spheres on a variety of plants or overhangs . like their relatives , they hunt for caterpillars and paralyze them to feed them to their young . females are not particularly aggressive and do not defend their nests , but the males are known to defend good feeding areas quite aggressively from members of their same species .
is a solitary wasp , and does not communicate explicitly with others of its species . however , the female potter wasp can defend herself by stinging . male potter wasps of closely related species have been found to be quite aggressive towards other species of insects when they have located a good feeding area . although information about perception in
is sparse , closely related species use uv detection and photodetection to determine which spots are pollen or nectar rich and good for feeding .
potter wasps are omnivorous . adults feed primarily on flower nectar from mid - summer through the fall . however , the young only eat moth and butterfuly (
) larvae placed in the nest by the mother . females are known to store up to 12 caterpillars in their nests for the developing young .
can sting their predators . their markings are imitated by a non - harmful species of
, which is further evidence of their defensive properties . as juveniles , the only means of defense against predators is the mud dome in which they develop . luckily , this is quite effective , and the hard exterior successfully protects the larvae .
potter wasps are both predators and prey in their ecosystem , and function to control caterpillar populations .
gardeners are especially fond of potter wasps for controlling caterpillars in the garden that would otherwise destroy their crops .
potter wasps will not sting humans unless they are bothered . they can be pests to humans if they build pots in garden areas or on windowsills of a home . luckily , it is not difficult to remove an empty pot by simply scraping it away .
sarah short ( author ) , university of michigan - ann arbor , catherine kent ( editor ) , special projects .
living in the nearctic biogeographic province , the northern part of the new world . this includes greenland , the canadian arctic islands , and all of the north american as far south as the highlands of central mexico .
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror - image halves . animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides , as well as anterior and posterior ends . synapomorphy of the bilateria .
a period of time when growth or development is suspended in insects and other invertebrates , it can usually only be ended the appropriate environmental stimulus .
forest biomes are dominated by trees , otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality .
a large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows . in insects ,
incomplete metamorphosis
is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form , and
complete metamorphosis
is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms . butterflies have complete metamorphosis , grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis .
the area in which the animal is naturally found , the region in which it is endemic .
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother ' s body .
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males , each of which also pairs with several different females .
places a food item in a special place to be eaten later . also called
hoarding
that region of the earth between 23 . 5 degrees north and 60 degrees north ( between the tropic of cancer and the arctic circle ) and between 23 . 5 degrees south and 60 degrees south ( between the tropic of capricorn and the antarctic circle ) .
a terrestrial biome . savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy . extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical africa and south america , and in australia .
a grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees , a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest . see also tropical savanna and grassland biome .
a terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes ( > 23 . 5° n or s latitude ) . vegetation is made up mostly of grasses , the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available . fire and grazing are important in the long - term maintenance of grasslands .
2012 .
potter wasp
( on - line ) . accessed february 02 , 2012 at urltoken .
buck , m . , s . marshall , d . cheung . 2008 . identification atlas of the vespidae ( hymenoptera , aculeata ) of the northeastern nearctic region .
krombein , k . 1979 . superfamily vespoidea . pp . 1469 - 1522 in k krombein , p hurd , d smith , b burks , eds .
catalog of hymenoptera in america north of mexico vol . 2 , apocrita ( aculeata )
disclaimer : the animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students . adw doesn ' t cover all species in the world , nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe . though we edit our accounts for accuracy , we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts . while adw staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable , we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control .
this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation grants drl 0089283 , drl 0628151 , due 0633095 , drl 0918590 , and due 1122742 . additional support has come from the marisla foundation , um college of literature , science , and the arts , museum of zoology , and information and technology services .
these potter wasps are small and delicate , about 9 . 5 to 19 mm long . they have black , shiny bodies with ivory - colored markings on their face and body . the first part of their abdomen is long . they have metallic bluish - brown wings and a wingspan of 8 to 12 . 5 mm . females are a little bit bigger than males . they are different from their
this species of potter wasp lives in eastern north america . they are found from the east coast west to ontario , canada , and in minnesota , kansas , oklahoma , nebraska , and texas .
these potter wasps live in forests , at the edge of forests , and in fields with shrubs . they prefer places that have seasons . they are also found around farms or suburban areas where humans live . juveniles live in small mud domes built by the mother , which are found on shrubs or overhangs from the ground up to the tree line , usually at the edge of a forest .
lay their eggs in a dome they build out of mud . whether the egg is male or female depends on a specific part of their genes . after the eggs hatch , the larvae grow and develop in the pot . the mothers bring them paralyzed
to eat . it is hard to know how they transform from juveniles to adults , because they are hidden in domes when they are developing . sometimes , they put off developing until after the winter . once the wasps become adults , they burrow out of the nest .
these potter wasps can have 2 to 3 generations in the same season because they live short lives . they mate in the spring , summer , and fall . males have more than one mate , but researchers aren ' t sure if females have multiple mates or not .
courtship , mating , and laying eggs happens in the spring , summer , and fall . potter wasps can have 2 to 3 generations during this time . females lay one egg in each mud pot they construct .
how often does reproduction occur ? potter wasps can breed two to three times per year , in the warmer months .
and put them them in the dome for their larvae to eat . after this , they don ' t watch over the domes or stay around long enough to see their young come out as adults .
potter wasps live short lives and are able to have 2 to 3 generations within the same season .
potter wasps live alone or in groups , and are considered solitary . they build small pots in the shape of spheres on plants or overhangs of buildings . similar to their relatives , they hunt for caterpillars to feed their young . males aggressively defend good feeding areas from others . females are not very aggressive and do not defend their nests .
these potter wasps are solitary , and don ' t communicate with other members of their species . females can defend themselves by stinging . males of their close relatives can be aggressive against other species of insects if they have found a good feeding area . their close relatives also use ultraviolet light and light sensors called photodetectors to find the best spots to feed on pollen and nectar .
potter wasps are omnivorous , so they eat both plants and animals . adults eat mostly flower nectar from mid - summer through the fall . young only eat
their mothers put in their nest . females can store up to 12 caterpillars in their nests for the young to eat .
females can sting their predators to protect themselves . this is a warning to future predators , which one kind of fly imitates . juveniles are hidden from predators in the mud dome where they develop . the outside of the dome is hard , so it protects the larvae .
potter wasps are both predators and prey . they also limit the number of caterpillars because they eat so many .
potter wasps will not sting humans unless they are bothered . they can be annoying or pests to humans if they build pots for their larvae in gardens or houses . however , they are easy to scrape off .
gardeners benefit from potter wasps because eat caterpillars that would otherwise eat their garden .
biokids is sponsored in part by the interagency education research initiative . it is a partnership of the university of michigan school of education , university of michigan museum of zoology , and the detroit public schools . this material is based upon work supported by the national science foundation under grant drl - 0628151 . copyright © 2002 - 2018 , the regents of the university of michigan . all rights reserved .
figure 4 . female potter wasps will typically visit the same site numerous times to collect material to construct the clay - based brood cells .
immature stages appear different from adults ( i . e . , complete metamorphosis )
when we think of the many beneficial insects that live in our area , potter wasps will not likely be high on the list . actually , potter wasps are not likely to make most lists at all . however , potter wasps are beneficial insects that provide natural control of many types of caterpillars and even some beetle larvae .
potter wasps belong the family vespidae , subfamily eumeninae . they are related to mud daubers . like mud daubers , these wasps are solitary , and are beneficial in that they hunt for caterpillars to paralyze and place in a brood cell , i . e . , the clay - based compartment in which the wasp larva develops .
it never ceases to amaze me at the variety of adaptations used by insects to survive . in the case of the potter wasp , each brood cell is provisioned with one to 12 caterpillars . the caterpillars are paralyzed with the wasp ' s sting and serve as the only source of food for the developing young . the female wasp then lays a single egg , which is attached to the top inner surface of the brood cell . there can be several generations per year .
while potter wasps are capable of stining , females do not defend their nests and they are rarely aggressive . i appreciate them for the insect control they provide in my yard , and the joy of occasionally finding a tiny
pot .
beneficials in the garden & landscape is an earth - kind tm program coordinated through extension horticulture at texas a & m university . earth - kind uses research - proven techniques to provide maximum gardening and landscape enjoyment while preserving and protecting our environment .
this web site is maintained by master gardener laura bellmore , under the direction of william m . johnson , ph . d . , county extension agent - horticulture & master gardener program coordinator .
all digital photographs are the property of the galveston county master gardener association , inc . ( gcmga ) 2002 - 2015 gcmga - all rights reserved .
classification from species 2000 & itis catalogue of life : april 2013 selected by c . michael hogan - see more .
dana campbell marked
n478 _ w1150
as trusted on the
dasymutilla occidentalis
page .
katja schulz changed the thumbnail image of
potter wasp . thanks hydrophobia iguanodon
.
eol content is automatically assembled from many different content providers . as a result , from time to time you may find pages on eol that are confusing .
to request an improvement , please leave a comment on the page . thank you !
we parsed the following live from the web into this page . such content is managed by its original site and not cached on discover life . please send feedback and corrections directly to the source . see original regarding copyrights and terms of use .
80x5 - 240x3 - 240x4 - 320x1 - 320x2 - 320x3 - 640x1 - 640x2 set display option above . click on images to enlarge .
following modified from buck , marshall and cheung . 2008 . canadian journal of arthropod identification
this is a potter wasp in the sub - family eumeninae . this is a small , delicate wasp , approximately 3 / 4 inch in length . it is shiny black with ivory markings on the face , thorax and abdomen . the first abdominal segment is petiolate or stalklike . this is a typical characteristic of potter wasps . the wings are either bluish or a brown color , depending on the light .
this is a common wasp in fontenelle forest . adults can be found nectaring on flowers from mid summer into fall .
the content of naturesearch is provided by dedicated volunteer naturalists of fontenelle nature association who strive to provide the most accurate information available . contributors of the images retain their copyrights . the point of contact for this page is :
© 2008 fontenelle forest . all rights reserved . | website design by rebel interactive
html public
- / / w3c / / dtd html 4 . 01 transitional / / en
urltoken
disclaimer : itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available , and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties . however , it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes . while every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up - to - date information available , ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the united states is a party , wildlife statutes , regulations , and any applicable notices that have been published in the federal register . for further information on u . s . legal requirements with respect to protected taxa , please contact the u . s . fish and wildlife service .
found in glades , rough shrubby areas and forest verges , typically from april to november .
potter wasps are capable of delivering a painful sting , however they are not generally aggressive .
please right - click on the photo in question and choose
copy link address
and paste the contents here .
please help us to learn more about identifying this species correctly . include any physical characteristics or differences in range , habitat , etc . . .
we try to be as accurate as possible but mistakes happen and sometimes bad information gets carried - over from other websites and information sources . please let us know what you think is wrong .
please copy the text of the link and we ' ll check it out .
please let us know what is wrong and we will do our best to resolve the issue .
© 2018 urltoken - all photographs on this website are property of the stated photographer and may not be copied , reproduced , transmitted , or shared without permission by the owner .
the next day , he is getting bigger . . . the first signs of actual feeding are seen with shrunken caterpillar bodies . the larvae is getting fatter .
select your preferred way to display the comments and click ' save settings ' to activate your changes .
seems to match the description for this common potter wasp . also a male . see reference here .
detailing the physical features , habits , territorial reach and other identifying qualities of the potter wasp .
the parasitic potter wasp has purple wings and get its own urn - shaped room as larvae .
potter wasps have nests that look like ceramic jugs or pots . they create these mud nests on twigs , branches or on the trunks of trees . the marble - sized nest has only one chamber , unlike the many chambers inside a honeybee hive . they are most active during the summer . a female will lay just one egg inside the chamber and then place paralyzed caterpillars inside as well before sealing the nest at the opening . the parasitic wasp larva will eat the caterpillars before digging its way out of the chamber .
antennae : ants and bees both have a pair of antennae on the head that senses their surroundings .
head : the head contains the insect ' s compound eyes , antennae , and mandibles .
abdomen : contains various organs including the heart , gut , venom glands , and anus .
legs : ants and bees have three pairs of legs attached to the thorax ( center - body section ) .
note : ants , bees and wasps are part of the hymenoptera order because they share many similarities .
an insect ' s reach is not limited by lines drawn on a map and therefore species may appear in areas , regions and / or states beyond those listed below as they are driven by environmental factors ( such as climate change ) , available food supplies and mating patterns . grayed - out selections below indicate that the subject in question has not been reported in that particular territory . u . s . states and canadian provinces / territories are clickable to their respective bug listings .
the map below showcases ( in red ) the states and territories of north america where the potter wasp may be found ( but is not limited to ) . this sort of data can be useful in seeing concentrations of a particular species over the continent as well as revealing possible migratory patterns over a species ' given lifespan . some species are naturally confined by environment , weather , mating habits , food resources and the like while others see widespread expansion across most , or all , of north america .
unless shown differently , all photos on this page belong to loren and babs padelford . any questions on the use of photos , please contact them at lpdlfrd @ urltoken . i want to thanks them for sharing their photos with me to place on this website .
home / insect orders / beetles / coleoptera / butterflies / lepidoptera / dragonflies / odonata / true bugs / hemiptera / cicadas , aphids / homoptera / / ants , waspshymenoptera / mayflies / ephemeroptera / moths / lepidoptera / stoneflies / plecoptera / insect life cycles and collages / spiders / arachnida / wasps / hymenoptera / backyard / collecting / pinning specimens / photographing / misc photos / items for sale / links to sites / bibliography / updates / calendar / about / contact / copyright © 2008 james o durbin all rights reserved .
variation . fore wing length 7–8 . 5 mm ( ♂♂ ) , 8–9 . 5 mm ( ♀♀ ) . the colour of pale markings varies from yellow to ivory . female clypeus with a pair of more or less elongate dorsal spots , which are often fused dorsally , rarely clypeus mostly yellow with black apical margin and black central spot extending to dorsal and / or ventral margin . pronotal band sometimes with interruption or indentation halfway between median line and pronotal angle . mesopleuron rarely with small dorsal spot in female . propodeum usually with a pair of ventral spots , sometimes also with smaller dorsal spots , rarely completely black ; ventral spots exceptionally present in male . apices of fore and mid femora with pale spot , which may be fairly large . tergum 1 in female often , in male rarely , with a pair of pale spots . preapical fasciae usually present on terga 1–5 in male and 1–4 or 5 in female . fasciae on corresponding sterna often only partially developed .
distribution . canada : qc to bc , yt ( finnamore 1997 ) . eastern u . s . south to nc , mo ; western u . s . ( krombein 1979 ) . mexico : tamaulipas , nuevo león , baja california ( rodríguez - palafox 1996 ) . based on the colour of the pale markings northeastern populations have been divided into two ( probably unjustified ) subspecies ( bequaert 1944 b ) : the nominate subspecies ( yellow markings ) and ssp . neoboreus bequaert , 1944 ( ivory markings ) . two other subspecies , ssp . coloradensis cresson , 1875 , and ssp . tricinctus isely , 1917 occur in the west .
the upper ( dorsal ) plate ( scutum ) of the middle segment of the thorax has two small projections at the rear corners called parategula .
the first abdominal segment ( propodium ) is narrow and elongated , and gradually increases in width from the point of attachment at the thorax .
there is a narrow , ivory - colored , marking on the thorax just behind the head , at the rear of the first abdominal segment , and on the second abdominal segment . there are also two ivory - colored spots on the sides of the third abdominal segment .
potter wasps ( or mason wasps ) are a cosmopolitan wasp group presently treated as a subfamily of vespidae , but sometimes recognized in the past as a separate family , eumenidae .
most eumenine species are black or brown , and commonly marked with strikingly contrasting patterns of yellow , white , orange , or red ( or combinations thereof ) , but some species , mostly from tropical regions , show faint to strong blue or green metallic highlights in the background colors . like most vespids , their wings are folded longitudinally at rest . they are particularly recognized by the following combination of characters :
1 ) mesoscutum with a posterolateral projection known as parategula ; 2 ) tarsal claws cleft ; 3 ) hind coxae with a longitudinal dorsal carina or folding , often developed into a lobe or tooth ; 4 ) fore wing with 3 submarginal cells .
all known eumenine species are predators , most of them solitary mass provisioners , though some isolated species show primitive states of social behaviour and progressive provisioning .
they are the most diverse subfamily of vespids , with more than 200 genera , and contain the vast majority of species in the family . the overwhelming morphological diversity of the potter wasp species is reflected in the proliferation of genera described to group them in more manageable groups . you can see here the list of potter wasp genera .
- mud nest constructed on side of house by a as yet unidentified wasp from the subfamily eumeninae .
thanks for putting this overview / summary together . . . great idea , and well done . very informative & helpful .
if is associated with an alamy account you ' ll receive an email with instructions on how to reset your password .
enter your log in email address and well send you a link to reset your password .
424 x 300 px 15 x 10 . 6 cm ( 72 dpi ) 373 kb
sorry , this image isn ' t available for this licence . please refer to the license restrictions for more information .
on the alamy prints site ( powered by art . com ) choose your frame , the size and finish of your photo .
enter your log in email address and we ' ll send you a link to reset your password .