declaration of war ( foaled 29 april 2009 ) is an american-bred , irish-trained thoroughbred racehorse .

he won the group three diamond stakes in 2012 , but emerged as a world-class performer in the following year , winning the queen anne stakes and international stakes and being placed in the eclipse stakes , sussex stakes and breeders ' cup classic .

declaration of war ( horse )

email “declaration of war : the horse carrying irish hopes in $ 5m breeders cup classic” .
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declaration of war defeats animal kingdom in the queen anne stakes . order this photo
declaration of war : ireland ' s only contender in the breeders cup classic tonight .
this week ' s spotlight stallion is declaration of war , a 7 - year - old son of war front that stands at coolmore ' s ashford stud . declaration of war ' s first crop are yearlings of 2016 .
royal ascot 2013 : declaration of war powers to victory in the 2 . 30pm queen anne stakes
declaration of war powering his way to juddmonte international stakes glory at york . image copyright of laurence squire .
woodrow wilson asks u . s . congress for declaration of war - apr 02 , 1917 - urltoken
royal ascot 2013 : declaration of war powers to victory in the 2 . 30pm queen anne stakes - mirror online
it was at york , though , that declaration of war fully demonstrated why his connections were confident in him .
declaration of war is a horse we just had to have at coolmore australia . he was a fabulous racehorse – a dual group 1 winner who was as tough and sound as you could get
declaration of war carries the ballydoyle colours into battle in the hope of ending aidan o’brien’s long wait for the breeders cup classic .
in october 1805 . prussia entered a formal alliance with france in february , leading to a british declaration of war .
however , once in the clear , declaration of war showed brilliant acceleration and was well on top in the end .
fees for both triple classic winner camelot and royal ascot winner declaration of war will be announced at a later date .
york , england / / aidan o ' brien once had a horse called giant ' s causeway , who was known throughout the world as the
iron horse
. after declaration of war won the juddmonte international stakes on wednesday the ballydoyle handler may well have found another .
a borrowed horse served as his worthy steed on the night of april 18 , 1775 .
i bred the sire of this horse , war front , and i still have this colt ' s dam , tempo west , who has a filly full sister to this horse at foot . she is now back in foal to war front .
these world war 2 audio - visual clips are intended to support your study of the war .
this entry was posted in bloodstock and tagged camelot , coolmore , coolmore australia , declaration of war , horse racing , southern hemisphere breeding season , thoroughbred , tom magnier by press release . bookmark the permalink .
another group 1 victory for declaration of war could earn the american runner a tilt at breeders ' cup , writes geoffrey riddle .
declaration of war triumphed in the first race of this year ' s royal ascot festival , as pre - race favourite animal kingdom missed out .
group 1 winner declaration of war , third in last year ' s breeders ' cup classic , will continue his stud career in kentucky .
of entry was nearly unbeatable as an older horse , capturing the prestigious man o’war stakes , sword dancer , joe hirsch turf classic and woodford reserve .
odds supplied by urltoken , with best odds guaranteed on all uk and irish horse racing .
unbeaten as a two - year - old in france , declaration of war won two of britain ' s highest profile group one ' s this summer and is a very imposing horse to look at ,
said coolmore manager christy grassick .
declaration of war won two out of three starts at age three , including the g3 diamond stakes . it was at age four when he began to shine , however . declaration of war captured both the g1 queen anne stakes and g1 juddmonte international , and was second in the g1 coral - eclipse . in his final career start , declaration of war finished third , beaten just a short neck , in the g1 breeders ' cup classic .
declaration of war came with a well - timed charge , under joseph o ' brien , to claim the group 3 diamond stakes at dundalk .
declaration of war entered stud in 2014 at coolmore in ireland ; he was transferred to ashford stud in 2015 . his first crop are yearlings .
royal ascot winner declaration of war has been put on standby for the eclipse stakes at sandown on saturday . photograph : tom jenkins for the guardian
unlike many previous classic contenders from ballydoyle , however , declaration of war has an american pedigree . his sire is war front , a grade two winner on dirt at saratoga in 2006 and sire of this year ' s dewhurst stakes winner , war command .
declaration of war , ridden by joseph o ' brien , winning the juddmonte international stakes at the york ebor festival . photograph : john giles / pa
joseph o’brien rides declaration of war , centre , to a win in the juddmonte international stakes at york racecourse on wednesday . alan crowhurst / getty images
i would say that is probably it for the horse ( his last race ) .
declaration of war proved far too good for trading leather in the group 1 event , beating jim bolger ' s irish derby winner by a length and a quarter with favourite al kazeem a laboured third . it was declaration of war ' s seventh race this season and sixth consecutive appearance at the highest level .
the queen anne stakes winner declaration of war will have his last race in the breeders ' cup classic next month . photograph : tom jenkins for the guardian
declaration of war won the queen anne stakes , the opening race on day one of royal ascot , for aidan o ' brien . photograph : tom jenkins for the guardian
declaration of war has raced seven times this season , winning the queen anne stakes at royal ascot and the international stakes at york , both group one events .
this entry was posted in in the stud and tagged 2016 first crop yearlings , aidan o ' brien , ashford stud , breeders ' cup classic , coolmore stud , declaration of war , equiade , first crop yearlings , horse racing , in the stud , thoroughbred , war front by paulick report staff . bookmark the permalink .
the turf contingent includes three sons of war front . juddmonte international hero and breeders’ cup classic runner - up declaration of war ; the grade 1 winning turf miler data link , and soldat , a precocious graded stakes winner over turf and dirt .
black , jeremy : the war of 1812 in the age of napoleon , norman 2009 .
finished a half - length back third and elusive kate held on for fourth in the 13 - horse field .
left : president roosevelt signs the declaration of war against germany ; right : charles lindbergh in the famous photo from lambert field , st . louis , missouri , 1923 ( library of congress )
for his career finale in 2013 , declaration of war shipped to the u . s . to compete in the breeders’ cup classic , finishing third in his first start on dirt .
the legend as given here is the version which was most widely corroborated for me by old residents of white horse plain and others .
robert mills’ winning design called for a pantheon ( a temple - like building ) featuring 30 stone columns and statues of declaration of independence signers and revolutionary war heroes . a statue of washington driving a horse - drawn chariot would reside above the main entrance and a 600 - foot - tall egyptian obelisk would rise from the pantheon’s center .
lee was cut from virginia aristocracy . his extended family members included a president , a chief justice of the united states and signers of the declaration of independence . his father , colonel henry lee , also known as
light - horse harry ,
had served as a cavalry leader during the revolutionary war and earned recognition as one of the war & apos ; s heroes , winning praise from general george washington .
testing conditions proved no obstacle for aidan o ' brien trained declaration of war in the listed heritage stakes at leopardstown today , earning his place in the group 1 lockinge stakes next month .
declaration of war would go on to finish a narrow third in the breeders’ cup classic at santa anita , before now being retired to coolmore’s co . tipperary - based stud in ireland .
on his seasonal reappearance , declaration of war won the listed heritage stakes at leopardstown comfortably . the victory indicated that the son of war front could be a candidate for the champions series’ mile and middle distance divisions , with the jlt lockinge stakes at newbury particularly in mind .
the very early precocious types already have a start or two under their girth . join horse racing nation as we unveil the
no foreign - trained horse has won since raven’s pass in 2008 but the four - year - old’s us breeding ( sired by dirt winner war front ) has given punters cause for optimism .
“camelot was a wonderful racehorse and he ' s as good - looking a horse as has ever been retired to coolmore . ”
“breeders in the northern hemisphere just can ' t get enough of war front – what he has achieved in a short space of time is quite remarkable . he ' s a sire that we ' re going to be hearing a lot more of in years to come and declaration of war is unquestionably his very best son” .
“declaration of war is a horse we just had to have at coolmore australia . he was a fabulous racehorse – a dual group 1 winner who was as tough and sound as you could wish for . his sire , war front has made a start to his stud career reminiscent of his own sire danzig , so it ' s a hugely exciting new branch of an already established bloodline , ” said coolmore australia general manager michael kirwan .
the world must be made safe for democracy , u . s . president woodrow wilson proclaims on this day in 1917 , as he appears before congress to ask for a declaration of war against germany .
apob said afterwards :
he is a horse that jp always liked and it was a lovely first run ( over hurdles ) .
so , as america celebrates the declaration of independence , don’t forget about the women and the roles they too played against the bloodied odds .
the four - year - old son of pivotal was previously trained by aidan o ' brien , who described him as a
very fast horse
.
declaration of war , always held in high regard by trainer aidan o ' brien , was a 15 - 2 chance to bounce back from a disappointing run when favourite for the lockinge stakes at newbury last month .
declaration of war , a group 1 winner in england , will stand at coolmore’s ashford stud in versailles , ky . , for the 2015 breeding season , for a fee to be announced at a later date .
the war front colt passed the post three - quarters of a length clear of aljamaaheer , with gregorian third .
with a surging run under jockey joseph o’brien , declaration of war stretched three quarters of a length clear of aljamaaheer to take the group 1 prize , with eventual etihad airways falmouth stakes winner , elusive kate , three and a quarter lengths back in fourth .
the stallion roster at coolmore australia ' s hunter valley base will be bolstered for the 2014 breeding season by the addition of the high - class pair camelot and declaration of war , both of which were unbeaten 2yo ' s and group 1 winning milers .
maryland’s charles carroll , the wealthiest man in the colonies , was a roman catholic , a staunch believer in religious freedom and a signer of the declaration of independence .
both cityscape and farhh come to this race for their first outing of the season , but declaration of war has already had a run under the belt , winning comfortably in listed company at sandown park , and that may make the difference .
declaration of war is out of the winning rahy mare tempo west , whose six winners from as many foals to race also include u . s . grade 2 - placed french stakes winner vertiformer and french stakes - placed war pact . tempo west is a half sister to belmont stakes winner and young stallion union rags .
declaration of war entered off a disappointing fifth - place finish behind farhh in the jlt lockinge stakes ( eng - i ) last time out but made amends with a breakthrough victory at the top level in the queen anne .
lynam added :
i ' m delighted for the horse and the whole family and he ' ll now go for the july cup .
. declaration of war stood his first season at coolmore ' s headquarters in fethard , co . tipperary , where he commanded a fee of €40 , 000 . his fee in the u . s . will be announced at a later date .
declaration of war won seven of 13 starts during his racing career for breeder joseph allen , and for coolmore , which bought into the horse after his 2 - year - old campaign . he earned $ 1 , 847 , 489 over three seasons of racing , highlighted by wins in the group 1 juddmonte international stakes and queen anne stakes in england , as well as the group 3 diamond stakes in ireland .
and then of course they ' re both by top sires out of daughters of rahy from great american families . bred by joe allen in whose colors he ran , declaration of war was one of the best yearlings ever raised here on the farm and we ' re delighted to be getting him back .
instead it was declaration of war , who was only fifth in the group one lockinge stakes last month , who raised his form on the way to a three - quarter length defeat of aljamaaheer , becoming the first irish - trained winner of four in all on the day .
tonight he sends in declaration of war as a 7 / 1 shot in a high - class field led again by game on dude , last year’s ante - post favourite before finishing seventh , and runner - up mucho macho man .
schneid , frederick c . : napoleon ' s conquest of europe : the war of the third coalition , westport 2005 .
by july 1793 , imposed ideological goals on the war . political commissars known as
the debate behind u . s . intervention in world war ii - the atlantic
declaration of war began his career in france , where he was undefeated in two career starts . he was then transferred to trainer aidan o ' brien in ireland after coolmore bought an interest in the colt from owner - breeder joseph allen .
the victory meant that an historical bid to be the first horse since nijinsky in 1970 to take the prestigious british triple crown was still on the cards .
the four - year - old colt is an american - bred son of war front , who ran down the field in the 2006 breeders ' cup sprint , and declaration of war could be heading to california in november for america ' s self - styled world championships , where giant ' s causeway was edged out in the classic in 2000 .
despite favouritism at the west berkshire track , declaration of war , for one reason or another , did not perform to his best on his british debut , ending up 11 and a half lengths behind the future qipco champion stakes victor , farhh .
wetzler , peter : war and subsistence : the sambre and meuse army of 1794 , new york 1985 .
. this was in contrast to the approach of his great - grandfather , who had faced a european coalition in virtually all of his wars . french participation in the war of the polish succession ( 1733–1738 ) , the war of the austrian succession ( 1742–1748 ) , and the seven years ' war ( 1756–1763 ) was part of the general european competition for influence in
esdaile , charles : the peninsular war : a new history , new york 2003 .
declaration of war began his career in france , racing as a 2 - year - old for breeder joseph allen and trainer jean - claude rouget . the kentucky - bred colt won both starts by a combined margin of 11 lengths before he was acquired by coolmore and partners .
, the french minister of war and
organizer of victory
, reallocated forces from the inactive fronts to the rhine and italy .
declaration of war won seven of 13 lifetime starts , good for earnings of $ 1 , 847 , 489 while racing for his kentucky breeder , joseph allen . coolmore ' s michael tabor , derrick smith , and susan magnier bought into the colt after he won his first two starts at 2 by a combined 11 lengths for trainer jean - claude rouget . transferred to aidan o ' brien for his final two seasons , declaration of war ' s career was highlighted by group i wins in the juddmonte international at york and queen anne stakes at royal ascot .
from 1985 to 2009 , the united nations adorned the entrance of its security council with a tapestry reproduction of guernica . in february 2003 , then - secretary of state colin powell delivered a televised speech on site at the un , testifying in favor of america’s imminent declaration of war on iraq . a large blue curtain covered the tapestry during powell’s speech .
department of war - impressive maiden winner on debut for richard hannon & was third in the listed fairway stakes .
a ballydoyle treble was completed in the last at the curragh as declaration of war prevailed in the moyglare stud lifetime achievement in racing trophy under joseph o ' brien ( now level on 75 winners apiece with pat smullen in the race to be champion jockey ) .
trained by aidan o ' brien and ridden by his son joseph , declaration of war was timed in 1 : 38 . 48 to win at 15 - 2 odds on turf rated as good . he improved his record to six wins in eight career starts .
ballydoyle have been brushing the opposition aside with remarkable consistency over the past 10 days , dominating the classic trials and unveiling a few old favourites . and there is also strong belief that declaration of war can make his mark in saturday’s jlt lockinge stakes at newbury .
the austrians went to war against napoleon ' s coalition of russia , the confederation of the rhine and the kingdom of italy . austria ' s inability to garner support from prussia or russia undermined its war effort and enabled napoleon to outmaneuver austria on the battlefield and in the political arena . the war in 1809 was certainly the greatest test of the newly - structured
the outbreak of civil war in the midst of the external conflict contributed directly to the revolution reaching its most radical form . the committee of public safety , composed of twelve members who included
not only is it unlikely revere owned a horse at the time , but he would not have been able to transport it out of boston across the charles river . it is believed that the charlestown merchant john larkin loaned him a horse , which was later confiscated by the british . according to a larkin family genealogy published in 1930 , the name of the lost mare was brown beauty .
declaration of war , the winner of two group one races this season , will retire to coolmore stud after his final start in the $ 5m breeders ' cup classic at santa anita a week on saturday , one of the few major races which aidan o ' brien , his trainer , has yet to win .
britain continued its war with france despite events on the continent . the blockade of french ports and attacks on colonial trade formed the basis of the british war effort . a year earlier , in 1796 , french diplomats had convinced king
perhaps no other issue has more bedeviled discussion of the vietnam war than that of what kind of war it was . american officialdom insisted that the conflict was a case of international aggression waged conventionally , or at least subject to defeat by conventional u . s . military action . this view continues to be embraced by those who believe that the war was morally noble or at least militarily winnable . for example , harry summers asserts that the vietnam war was
a conventional war
and that north vietnam was
the source of aggression .
westmoreland agrees :
south vietnam was not conquered by the guerrilla . it was conquered by the north vietnamese army .
nixon :
we failed to understand that the war was an invasion from north vietnam , not an insurgency in south vietnam . north vietnam shrewdly camouflaged its invasion to look like a civil war . but in fact the vietnam war was the korean war with jungles .
led by an international all - star cast of the world ' s best horses , including multiple grade 1 winner game on dude , belmont stakes winner palace malice , defending breeders ' cup classic winner fort larned , two - time defending distaff champion royal delta , european standouts the fugue , declaration of war and olympic glory , and defending horse of the year wise dan , 172 horses , including nine 2012 race winners , have been pre - entered for the 2013 breeders ' cup world championships .
“declaration of war has an incredibly similar profile to giant’s causeway who also joined us after standing a single season in ireland , ” said ashford manager dermot ryan . “both were unbeaten at 2 , both won some of britain’s key group 1 races over a mile and a mile and a quarter and both ran incredible races on their first starts on traditional dirt in the breeders’ cup classic . and then of course they’re both by top sires out of daughters of rahy from great american families . bred by joe allen in whose colors he ran , declaration of war was one of the best yearlings ever raised here on the farm and we’re delighted to be getting him back . ”
the grey horse was caught , but the white steed escaped into the deep woods . for years it roamed the plain , thus giving its name to the region , and the indians , believing that the soul of the girl had passed into its body , feared to approach it . as time passed the belief grew that , in ghostly form the white horse continued its wild wanderings .
he didn ' t do it that day but he did look good in the queen anne [ at royal ascot ] . while he got home in front in a driving finish over a mile at the royal meeting , declaration of war now faces an extra quarter - mile .
the war front colt won for the first time at the top level as animal kingdom faded .
“it is good that war is so horrible , or we might grow to like it . ”
( imperial war ) , but austria and prussia compelled german princes to participate . after french armies violated the territory of the
black , jeremy : war and the world : military power and the fate of continents , 1450–2000 , new haven 1998 .
finley , milton : the most monstrous of wars : the napoleonic guerrilla war in southern italy , 1806–1811 , columbia 1994 .
smashed the record for most number of winners in a season with a final total of 126 in ireland ( comfortably beating michael kinane’s previous record score of 115 which was set in 1993 ) thus enabling him to be crowned champion flat jockey for the second consecutive year . joseph also became the first jockey to ride the winner of the irish 2000 guineas on three consecutive occasions when magician triumphed at the curragh in late may , while he rode three royal ascot winners ( queen anne stakes on declaration of war , jersey stakes on gale force ten and queen’s vase on leading light ) . other notable victories at the highest level included the juddmonte international on declaration of war , the dewhurst stakes on war command and the english st leger on leading light to round off a truly memorable year .
four - year - old declaration of war is relatively unexposed for a group one entry trained by aidan o’brien . having started his career in france with jean - claude rouget , the colt has now won three races in ireland , to take his career statistics to five wins from six starts .
they include key speeches , eye - witness reports and some of the most evocative sounds of the war . there is an emphasis on the lives of british children , including evacuation .
, war of liberation or war of freedom . yet , the students and intellectuals who volunteered for military service in 1813 and who participated in the nationalist and liberal movements in the post - napoleonic era did not represent the interests and the intentions of the monarchs who led the coalition .
the world must be made safe for democracy , u . s . president woodrow wilson proclaims on this day in 1917 , as he appears before congress to ask for a declaration of war against germany . under wilson , the former princeton university president and governor of new jersey who was voted into the white house . . .
graham motion , the trainer of animal kingdom , was disappointed by his horse ' s performance but reflected also on an outstanding career as the five - year - old prepares to travel to australia for his stud career .
wilson , peter h . : german armies ; war and german politics , 1648–1806 , london 1998 .
on april 4 , the u . s . senate voted in favor of war by 82 votes to 6 ; two days later , the house of representatives delivered their own yes vote by 373 votes to 50 , formally announcing the entrance of the united states into the first world war .
in this phase of the war has been exaggerated . by the end of 1793 , the french ranks swelled to 750 , 000 , but the threats that led to the decree had abated by the campaign season of 1794 . indeed , the rapid expansion of french armies created enormous logistical problems that continued to affect operations through the remainder of the war of the first coalition .
his owners , coolmore , had held back the rights to use his name for ten years , hoping that the horse to eventually don the name of the arthurian paradise was a superstar . he proved to be just that .
scholars have long tried to decode the significance of the symbols in guernica , especially the horse and bull figures . naturally , picasso was probed to explain the use of these creatures in his painting . he never offered anything more revelatory than “this bull is a bull and this horse is a horse , ” adding , “if you give a meaning to certain things in my paintings it may be very true , but it is not my idea to give this meaning . what ideas and conclusions you have got i obtained too , but instinctively , unconsciously . i make the painting for the painting . i paint the objects for what they are . ”
wilson hoped to convince americans to voluntarily support the war effort , but was not averse to passing legislation to suppress dissent . after entering the war , wilson ordered the federal government to take over the strike - plagued railroad industry to eliminate the possibility of work stoppages and passed the espionage act aimed at silencing anti - war protestors and union organizers .
on , on they sped over the prairie . the frightened girl held back the pace of her horse to that of her husband’s grey , and the sioux were gaining on them . finally at a point just east of the present day village of st . francois xavier , the avenging arrows of the sioux sped to the hearts of the fleeing couple and killed them both .
the coalition ' s war effort faltered in 1793–1794 due to a lack of coordination . manpower requirements to keep pace with the expansion of french armies and the economic cost of the war strained allied governments . furthermore , cracks in the alliance between austria , prussia and spain began to appear by late 1794 . a french invasion of spain led to the occupation of
commemorate 100 years since ww1 by staging our specially - written play ' archie dobson ' s war ' .
call for war . now that victory was at hand , they embraced it and made it their own .
the shermans were notable for other reasons . roger sherman was the only founding father who signed all four great state documents — the continental association , the declaration of independence , the articles of the confederation and the u . s . constitution .
listen to live breeders ' cup coverage , including all 14 races , on the official 2012 breeders ' cup app courtesy of horse racing radio network ( hrrn ) , which won an eclipse award for its 2010 breeders ' cup broadcast .
as a three - year - old , declaration of war was considered classy , but not overly flashy . a victory in the group 3 diamond stakes last year set up the aidan o’brien - trained colt for an exciting career at four . however , he would go on to further surpass his connections’ expectations in 2013 .
in february 1793 , france declared war on britain , spain and the netherlands . the expansion of the conflict was the product of ideological hubris following the execution of louis xvi and the successful military campaigns in the fall of 1792 .
declaration of war ( usa ) b . h , 2009 { 13 - b } dp = 6 - 7 - 16 - 1 - 0 ( 30 ) di = 2 . 33 cd = 0 . 60 - 13 starts , 7 wins , 1 places , 2 shows career earnings : $ 1 , 847 , 489
the settlements ending the war of the second coalition established france as the premier power in western europe . it also laid the groundwork for the extension of the republic into the
war front stands at claiborne farm in paris , kentucky . he had two winners on the royal ascot card with
on this day in 1917 , president woodrow wilson asks congress to send u . s . troops into battle against germany in world war i . in his address to congress that day , wilson lamented it is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war . four days later , congress obliged and declared war on germany .
while camelot appears to be giving o ' brien headaches , it is declaration of war who is the puzzle for punters to tackle after the trainer described him as
a possible
for the eclipse and then said there was
a strong possibility
that he would run . he is now 7 - 2 second - favourite .
the breeders ' cup classic , the climactic event of the championships , will be run on the main track at 1 1 / 4 miles . a total of 13 horses have been pre - entered . since the event ' s inception in 1984 , 11 winners of the classic have been voted thoroughbred racing ' s horse of the year .
the influx of american troops , foodstuffs and financial support into the great war contributed significantly to germany’s surrender in november 1918 . president wilson led the american delegation to paris for the negotiation of the treaty of versailles in june 1919 , a controversial treaty—which was never ratified by congress–that some historians claim successfully dismantled germany’s war machine but contributed to the rise of german fascism and the outbreak of world war ii . wilson’s most enduring wartime policy remains his plan for a league of nations , which , though unsuccessful , laid the foundation for the united nations .
as the war progressed , the radicalization of the french government meant a radicalization of its policies toward its enemies . in some cases , this translated into an existential threat for german princes on the west bank of the
, which overthrew the monarchy and brought down brissot ' s government . it was the beginning of the radicalization of the revolution and a period of the war in which ideology played an important role in the expansion of the conflict , which encompassed much of western and central europe .
aidan o ' brien and his son joseph completed a treble on a good day ' s work for the ballydoyle men at leopardstown today when st nicholas abbey ' s lead horse justification landed the concluding leopardstown club members handicap .
he could go to the breeders ' cup later on for the classic . giant ' s causeway handled the dirt and to go there you need a horse that travels strong and gets a mile and a quarter .
one report suggested that camelot had been tried in cheekpieces on the home gallops and had evidently failed to impress . in any case , the trainer feels he has not been quite the same horse since colic surgery in october .
how could a single war have so many perceived and contradictory faces ? there has never been any doubt about the nature of world wars i and ii or the korean war . one is tempted to conclude that simply the desire to make a lost war look retrospectively noble and winnable - - or ignoble and doomed from the start - - is enough to father whatever characterization is most appropriate .
trainer aidan o ' brien told urltoken :
declaration of war has danced every dance this season and will have one more run in the breeders ' cup classic . he has an unbelievable constitution and is a lot like giant ' s causeway , a big , powerful , strong traveller , so we ' re hopeful that he ' ll run well .
the cree was the favored suitor for he had to offer in exchange for a bride that rarity , that coveted prize of the prairies , a horse as white as the winter snows , a blanco diablo which came from that famed breed in mexico . nimble of foot , swift as the wind , strong and sturdy , a “white devil” could out - run and out - last any other horse , and go three or four days longer than any other without food or water . the prospect of such a gift was irresistible , and the father succumbed .
on the day appointed for the ceremonies , the cree bridegroom , gorgeous in the trappings of his chiefdom , arrived from lake winnipegosis mounted on a fine grey steed , and leading the white horse loaded with additional presents for his prospective father - in - law .
declaration of war has danced every dance this season and will have one more run in the breeders ' cup classic ,
o ' brien said on tuesday .
he has an unbelievable constitution and is a lot like giant ' s causeway , a big , powerful , strong traveller , so we ' re hopeful that he ' ll run well .
aiden o ' brien last won this race in 2003 when he saddled hawk wing to victory . 13 / 8 favourite with william hill , declaration of war is a lightly raced four year old who won on his season debut last month . the french import by war front has won all five of his six starts , including a group 3 success in the diamond stakes last october . he improved again winning a listed contest at leopardstown on his seasonal debut and that was an impressive performance on ground not to his liking .
the best son of war front . already 3 gsw ' s from his first crop including 2018 french 2 , 000 guineas - gr . 1 winner olmedo .
calmed tempers . nevertheless , it appeared to many that the conclusion of war with the turks would be followed immediately by a confrontation between the two german powers .
that left an opportunity for declaration of war to exploit and , while he does not have the innate brilliance of some of o ' brien ' s former stars , he is impressively robust and consistent . this was his sixth group one start this season , and his best form was good enough to see off trading leather , the irish derby winner , by a length and a quarter , with al kazeem another length and a half adrift .
this beginning of the western prairies is a storied place , the only area around winnipeg which has left us a legend - the legend of white horse plain . for more than two and a half centuries this region has been called the white horse plain . it carried that name for more than 50 years before the first white man set foot in the west , for over a hundred years before manitoba existed ; for so long indeed that the actual occurrence which named it has been almost forgotten by its people , leaving only the legend it engendered .
catch up on ' carrie ' s war ' by nina bawden . all 10 episodes are now available to listen to online .
leggiere , michael v . : napoleon and berlin : the franco - prussian war in north germany , 1813 , norman 2002 .
the four - year - old aidan o ' brien - trained declaration of war , winner of the group 1 juddmonte international at york in his last outing , and sheikh joaan al thani ' s six - year - old planteur , who finished third in the dubai world cup earlier this year , are the overseas pre - entrants in the classic , among 24 in all from outside of north america in this year ' s breeders ' cup .
this state of strategic bankruptcy was ultimately attributable to the ludicrously excessive significance american policymakers attached to events in indochina , a significance which in turn derived from an american foreign policy that by the mid - 1950s was no longer informed by reasoned judgment based on strategic discrimination and considerations of operational feasibility , but rather by a mindless anticommunism . yet , if policymakers were wont to misread the importance of the war in vietnam , they were no less inclined to misconstrue the nature of that war , and they were wont to do so in part to justify u . s . intervention in the first place . in april 1965 , hans morgenthau , who believed that the war in vietnam was essentially a civil conflict having no enduring strategic consequences for the united states , accused the johnson administration of drawing
a most astounding conclusion
from its losing effort in vietnam .
the united states ,
he said , citing the state department & apos ; s controversial february 1965 white paper , aggression from the north : the record of north viet - nam & apos ; s campaign to conquer south viet - nam ,
has decided to change the character of the war by a unilateral declaration from a south vietnamese civil war to a war of ` foreign aggression . & apos ;
policymakers thus read the war in vietnam as but a local manifestation of an externally orchestrated conspiracy .
our political leaders ,
observes colin powell ,
led us into a war for the one - size - fits - all rationale of anticommunism , which was only a partial fit in vietnam , where the war had its own historical roots in nationalism , anticolonialism and civil strife .
in reading the war as an external plot , policymakers not only overlooked the powerful indigenous roots of the war in vietnam but also conveniently simplified the case for u . s . intervention . public and congressional opinion could hardly be expected to support the spilling of american blood in someone else & apos ; s civil war , but that opinion could be carried for intervention if what appeared to be a civil war was in fact - - or at least could be convincingly portrayed as - - a new form of international communist aggression . in public testimony rusk repeatedly cast the war in vietnam as
an act of outside aggression as though the hanoi regime had sent an army across the 17th parallel rather than infiltrating armed forces by stealth .
he and others conceded ( in the words of under secretary of state george ball , who privately opposed intervention but publicly preached its virtues ) that
if the vietnam war were merely what the communists say it is - - an indigenous rebellion - - then the united states would have no business taking sides in the conflict .
the invasion of spain initiated a six - year war that drained napoleon of vital manpower resources . it provided britain with a new continental ally and a base of operations to strike at france . the war in spain ( 1808–1814 ) witnessed the widespread use of guerrilla warfare against french forces in tandem with conventional anglo - portuguese and spanish armies . this new alliance was a formal military agreement between the powers .
there was also a consensus on the nature of the conflict . during at least the early years of the vietnam war there was serious dispute within both civilian and military decision - making institutions over whether the war was predominantly an internal insurgency or conventional cross - border aggression . but in the early 1950s , u . s . political and military leaders ( correctly ) regarded the korean war as largely a linear , conventional fight in which territory taken and held was the proper and reliable measure of success .
apparently misunderstanding the nature of guernica and its antiwar stance , the german military used the painting in an ill - conceived recruiting advertisement in 1990 . the ad featured the slogan , “hostile images of the enemy are the fathers of war . ”
but even the time gained at the start and the swift pace of their fleeing ponies did not save the bridal couple . though they doubled back on their tracks to mislead their pursuers and at times were hidden by patches of bush , once out on the open plain again the white horse was the mark that betrayed them .
gateway to the west is a name frequently used to designate the city of winnipeg , since it stands on the eastern edge of the canadian prairies . the city looks west over a small area which was known as the white horse plain . there , in the lee of a ridge to the west and north , the hamlet of grantown was founded in 1824 . this nucleus of settlement , 18 miles west of present day winnipeg , was later renamed and is today the village of st . francois xavier .
st nicholas abbey , who made history at epsom in june when becoming the only horse to win three coronation cups , was reported to be in
great form
on tuesday as the six - year - old continues to battle against a fractured pastern .
^ on britain at this time , see muir , britain and the defeat of napoleon 1996 , specifically part ii . the most recent examination of britain ' s global military commitments is black , the war of 1812 2009 , specifically chapter 1 .
the death of george washington , the 2006 2 , 000 guineas winner , on a rain - sodden track at monmouth park in 2007 was one of the lowest moments of o ' brien ' s training career , while both giant ' s causeway in 2000 and henrythenavigator in 2008 finished second in america ' s most valuable race . if o ' brien has any ambitions left , victory in the classic at santa anita is probably top of the list and declaration of war , in both physique and running style , looks like a very credible contender .
i get on well with this horse [ sole power ] ,
murtagh said .
eddie [ lynam , the trainer ] told me to ride him like i own him . if he gets going too early , he runs out of steam , so you have to time it .
of august . the levy conscripted all males between 18 and 45 . it was the first national draft in modern history . the decree was meant to bolster the ranks of the french armies . the number of recruits grew after 1791 through successful calls for volunteers . while sufficient to cope with war against austria and prussia , the expansion of the war to all of france ' s frontiers was followed by a less than enthusiastic response to the call for new soldiers in early 1793 . the role of the
ended the war of the first coalition in 1797 , resulting in a resounding french victory . the habsburgs exchanged their holdings in italy for compensation in the holy roman empire . the
. britain faced diplomatic isolation during the first years of napoleon ' s reign , having alienated russia , prussia and austria during the previous war . napoleon ' s overtures to the
in 1787 . the russo - austro - turkish war ( 1787–1791 ) began as a disaster for austria and a great success for russia .
aidan o ' brien ' s capacity to wrong - foot his opposition , as well as the entire betting market , was in evidence once more on wednesday as he let it be known that declaration of war is being seriously considered for saturday ' s eclipse stakes . it had previously been anticipated that mars would be a sole runner for the ballydoyle trainer , who expects to reveal a final decision on thursday morning .
conversely , those who believe that the war was unwinnable , or that the united states had no business in vietnam anyway , claim , as did contemporary critics of u . s . intervention , that the conflict was essentially a civil war among vietnamese who had been artificially and temporarily divided by the cold war , and that it was unconventional , even revolutionary in character . daniel ellsberg has called it a
war of independence and a revolution .
leslie gelb and richard betts have tagged vietnam as
a civil war for national independence .
the british counterinsurgency warfare expert , sir robert thompson , writing in 1969 , characterized the war as
basically an insurgency within south vietnam boosted by infiltration , raids and an element of invasion from north vietnam .
in 1982 , historian theodore draper , in a review of norman podhoretz & apos ; s why we were in vietnam , denounced the claim of foreign aggression because it
treats north vietnam as if it were not inhabited by vietnamese . . . . the control of the southern vietcong by the north vietnamese did not make either of them less vietnamese .
indeed the french and indian war ( 1754 ) escalated into the general european conflict of the seven years ' war . the consequences of increasing european global power meant that resources had to be carefully allocated , and alliances cultivated to permit the pursuit of dynastic claims in europe . even temporary coalitions , such as between russia , austria and prussia in 1772 , or between russia and austria in 1787 , did not create permanent relationships in regions of
the 5 - year - old son of war front stood his initial season at coolmore’s headquarters in co . tipperary , ireland , for an advertised fee of about $ 50 , 651 ( 40 , 000 euros ) .
on this day in 1977 , racehorse red rum wins a historic third grand national championship at aintree racecourse in liverpool , england , after taking home victory in 1973 and 1974 and finishing second in 1975 and 1976 . red rum remains the most successful horse in the history of the grand national , . . .
the war of the first coalition had taken the form of previous european wars . although the french overran belgium and western germany , the coalition retained the capacity to withstand the french until the diplomatic settlements of 1795 . even with french reinforcements , the coalition seemed capable of keeping the french at bay in


pyrausta nicalis is a moth in the crambidae family .

it was described by grote in 1878 .

it is found in north america , where it has been recorded from quebec west to british columbia , south to colorado , utah , nevada and california .

the wingspan is 20 – 23 mm .

the fore - and hindwings are fuscous , tinged with red or purple and both with a pale buff postmedial line .

adults are on wing from late may to mid-august .

the larvae possibly feed on mentha species .

pyrausta nicalis

this specimen be a minnesota example of pyrausta nicalis ( 5032 ) , i think .
not an expert , but this makes me think of pyrausta . there are some similar species that resemble yours , like pyrausta grotei for example .
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munroe , e . , 1976 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 13 . 2b , p . 99 ; pl . 7 . 24 - 31 . order
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this moth was in the aspen / conifer woodlands of the rocky mountains . it has long delicate antenae , like the fairy moths , but is larger and doesn ' t match the color patterns of any listed on the guide .
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contributed by carl d . barrentine on 10 july , 2016 - 11 : 11am
to quebec , south to new england , colorado , and california ; type specimen collected in california .
munroe , e . , 1976 . moths of america north of mexico , fascicle 13 . 2b ; p . 99 ; pl . 7 . 24 - 31 .
presence in california ; list of 10 specimen records with dates and locations ( u . of california at berkeley )
butterflies and moths of the yukon j . d . lafontaine & d . m . wood . 1997 . in : danks h . v . , downes j . a . ( eds . ) , insects of the yukon . biological survey of canada ( terrestrial arthropods ) , ottawa : 787–86 .
the moths of america north of mexico . fascicle 13 . 2b . pyraloidea , pyralidae ( part ) , pyraustinae , pyraustini ( conclusion ) . . . munroe , eugene . 1976 . the wedge entomological research foundation .
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hodges , r . w . et al . , eds . 1983 . check list of the lepidoptera of america north of mexico . e . w . classey limited and the wedge entomological research foundation , london . 284 pp .
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fore and hind wings fuscous ( grey brown ) , faintly tinged with red or purple . a pale buff pm line is present in both fore and hind wings above . the wingspan is 20 - 23 mm . the genitalia are described by munroe ( 1976 ) . unlike any other alberta pyraustas .
quebec west to british columbia , south to colorado , utah , nevada and california ( munroe 1976 ) . type locality sierra nevada , california . in alberta , reported from areas 10 ( edmonton ) and 20 ( nordegg ) by bowman ( 1951 ) . also known from big knife provincial park , the buffalo lake conservation area , dry island buffalo jump provincial park , east arrowwood coulee , erskine , gull lake , jasper national park , kootenay plains , nevis , rochon sands provincial park and winfield .
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barbus strumicae is a disputed species of european cyprinid freshwater fish .

it is found in greece , macedonia , and bulgaria , in drainages of the aegean sea basin .

but it is often included in b. cyclolepis .

barbus strumicae

justification : the species is found in the aegean basins from volvi to nestos drainages , with a total extent of occurrence of nearly 30 , 000 km² , where there is a continuing decline in water quality due to water pollution from agriculture and water abstraction . poaching is also a threat , b . strumicae is not targeted but is killed as bycatch as electricity and fine nets are used . however , the threats are thought not to be serious enough to cause a population decline that would qualify for a threatened or near threatened category .
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aegean sea basin , from volvi to nestos drainages ( greece , macedonia , bulgaria ) .
habitat : streams and rivers ; prefers stretches with clear water and riffles . biology : reaches up to seven years . spawns for the first time at two years . spawns in june .
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museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
inhabits streams and rivers , preferring stretches with clear water and riffles . attains first sexual maturity at 2 years and spawns in june . deterioration of habitat quality and local overfishing pose threat to its population . reaches up to about 24 cm sl ( ref . 59043 ) .
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from kottelat m . and j . freyhof 2007 . handbook of european freshwater fishes . kottelat , cornol , switzerland and freyof , berlin , germany ( modified ) .


the glittering-throated emerald ( amazilia fimbriata ) , sometimes placed in the genus polyerata , is a species of hummingbird in the trochilidae family .

it is found in the amazon basin , venezuela , the guianas and brazil .

its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical dry shrubland , and heavily degraded former forest .

glittering - throated emerald

range : glittering - throated emerald lives in the guianas and venezuela , to south bolivia and south brazil .
amazilia fimbriata [ incl . distans ] ( glittering - throated emerald [ incl . distans ] ) - avibase
glittering - throated emerald [ incl . distans ] amazilia fimbriata [ incl . distans ] ( = amazilia fimbriata ) ( gmelin , jf , 1788 )
diet : glittering - throated emerald feeds mainly on nectar of flowers , from large variety of native and introduced species . it also consumes small flies and beetles .
behaviour : glittering - throated emerald is usually seen singly , but often near habitations . it forages at low to medium height in shrubs and second growths . it often perches in open .
protection / threats / status : glittering - throated emerald is common to very common in most parts of its range , mainly in northern and eastern parts . this species has probably suffered from deforestation of coastal areas where it is uncommon .
voice : sounds by xeno - canto glittering - throated emerald utters soft “dz - dz” , as pebbles striking together . when in flight , it gives a loud “peep - peep” rising and descending . male gives squeaky , high - pitched advertising songs .
habitat : glittering - throated emerald is common in open and semi - open areas , but it avoids dense forest . this species frequents several kinds of habitats such as shrubby second growth , gallery forest edges , dry and wet forests , savannahs , cultivated areas with bushes and trees , plantations and gardens . it also can be found in mangroves in atlantic coast . it can live from sea - level to 1000 metres of elevation , but mainly below 500 metres .
weller , a . a . , kirwan , g . m . & boesman , p . ( 2018 ) . glittering - throated emerald ( amazilia fimbriata ) . in : del hoyo , j . , elliott , a . , sargatal , j . , christie , d . a . & de juana , e . ( eds . ) . handbook of the birds of the world alive . lynx edicions , barcelona . ( retrieved from urltoken on 9 july 2018 ) .
flight : glittering - throated emerald hovers in order to feed on nectar . apparently motionless , its wing - tips perform very rapid figures - of - eight . during this flight , the hummingbird can perform 10 to 80 wing - beats per second , but during displays , about up to 200 wing - beats per second can be performed ! it is able to perform aerobatics for reaching hidden food reserve . it can fly in all directions , including backwards for leaving a flower .
description : glittering - throated emerald adult male has bronze green to golden upperparts . tail shows two central bronze - green feathers , becoming darker towards the external blue - black rectrices . on the wings , flight feathers are blackish - bronze . on the underparts , throat and breast show glittering golden - green feathers . centre of lower breast and belly are white , while the sides are bronze - green . vent and under tail coverts are white with brownish centres . tail is blackish - bronze . head is glossy bronze - green . medium - sized , straight bill shows blackish upper mandible . lower mandible is pinkish , with dusky tip . eyes are dark brown , with a small white patch behind the eye . legs and feet are blackish .
reproduction : glittering - throated emerald breeds almost year round . female usually selects the nest - site and builds the nest . nest is often situated on horizontal branch . it is cup - shaped , made with plant wool , cobwebs , fine strands of dry vegetation and lichens , at about 4 metres above the ground , sometimes lower , rarely higher . nest needs 6 to 12 days to be built . female lays two eggs . incubation lasts about 14 to 17 days , by female . chicks are covered with buff down on the back . they fledge at about 18 to 22 days of age . this species produces two broods per year , sometimes more .
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sacc . 2005 and updates . a classification of the bird species of south america . available at : urltoken .
justification : this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
the global population size has not been quantified , but this species is described as ' common ' ( stotz et al . ( 1996 ) . trend justification : this species is suspected to lose 16 . 1 - 17 . 6 % of suitable habitat within its distribution over three generations ( 10 years ) based on a model of amazonian deforestation ( soares - filho et al . 2006 , bird et al . 2011 ) . it is therefore suspected to decline by < 25 % over three generations .
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) , in neotropical birds online ( t . s . schulenberg , editor ) . cornell lab of ornithology , ithaca , ny , usa . retrieved from neotropical birds online :
( j . f . gmelin , 1788 ) – ne venezuela ( from orinoco basin ) to the guianas and n brazil n of amazon .
( e . j . o . hartert , 1900 ) – ne peru ( n amazonas and loreto to ne ucayali ) .
( elliot , 1878 ) – e bolivia and c & e brazil s of amazon .
( vieillot , 1818 ) – coastal se brazil from espírito santo s to rio grande do sul .
8–12 cm ; 3·5–6·2 g . male has straight , medium - sized bill , maxilla blackish , mandible pinkish , tipped dark ; upperparts golden to bronze - green ; throat . . .
song , mainly given at dawn , is a continuously repeated , single , high - pitched buzzy note , “tzee . . . . . .
generally widespread in open to semi - open areas ; normally absent from interior of dense forest . . . .
mostly feeds in lower strata of flowering trees , often close to ground , and takes nectar also while perching ; trap - liner . forages for . . .
almost year - round ; in guyana and ne brazil , data indicate aug–sept , in argentina , paraguay and uruguay nov–dec ; c brazil , nov . . .
not globally threatened . cites ii . common to very common in many parts of the range , especially within northern and eastern regions . has been erroneously reported once from . . .
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as currently constituted , this genus is not monophyletic # r ; more thorough sampling of taxa required before a clearer picture can be presented . in hbw , species currently placed herein were spread out over six genera , with additional recognition of agyrtria , polyerata and saucerottia , and relocation of some species in leucippus and hylocharis .
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hbw alive contains information on descriptive notes , voice , habitat , food and feeding , breeding , movements , status and conservation plus a list of bibliographical references for this species account .
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an adult arriving to the nest and brooding , then a chick pushing up the adult and defecating out of the nest ( repeated at . . .
two chicks in the nest and the adult arriving , feeding and brooding them .
a close frontal view of a perched male on a twig , looking around .
a frontal view of a perched male on a branch while it looks around .
josep del hoyo , pieter de groot boersma , david ascanio , greg baker , thore noernberg , paul clarke , jacob . wijpkema , desmond allen .
margareta wieser , miguel emmanuelli , luis r figueroa , stanislav harvančík , mikko pyhälä , josep del hoyo , josé m . formentí , ken havard , lars petersson , antonio silveira , holger teichmann , paul van giersbergen , lutz duerselen , josef widmer , nelsonlage , erikat , mauricio rueda , philgunson , anselmo d affonseca , oswaldocortes , srporto , guy poisson , andretti . tche , samantha klein , patrick . ingremeau , fran trabalon , niels poul dreyer , juanjaimemg , tomas grim , marinês eiterer , ron flemal , frédéric pelsy , dusan m . brinkhuizen , eduardo freitez gassan , jacqueserard , pedro h ramos .
indivíduo macho vocalizando durante a alvorada , sobre um fio eletrico numa calçada , bem em frente à minha casa , no bairro estufa 2 . vocalizava naturalmente todos os dias no mesmo local , às vezes alternando o poleiro , mas sempre no mesmo raio de 30 metros . na ocasião , foi gravado à apenas 3 metros . era uma manhã fria de inverno , porém ensolarada .
sonogram images © xeno - canto foundation . sonogram images share the same license terms as the recording they depict .
this species has an extremely large range , and hence does not approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the range size criterion ( extent of occurrence < 20 , 000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size , habitat extent / quality , or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation ) . despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing , the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population trend criterion ( > 30 % decline over ten years or three generations ) . the population size has not been quantified , but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion ( < 10 , 000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be > 10 % in ten years or three generations , or with a specified population structure ) . for these reasons the species is evaluated as least concern .
recommended citation birdlife international ( 2018 ) species factsheet : amazilia fimbriata . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 . recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species : birdlife international ( 2018 ) iucn red list for birds . downloaded from urltoken on 09 / 07 / 2018 .
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a guide to the birds of colombia by steven l . hilty and william l . brown princeton university press – isbn 069108372x
adult female is almost similar , but she has white bars on throat feathers , and the most external rectrices have greenish - grey tips . immature has more greyish - brown on belly than white colour .
we find seven subspecies showing some physical differences in colours , and living in different regions in south america , mainly in brazil .
it feeds low in flowering trees , but takes nectar while perched too . it feeds on nectar from large variety of native or introduced species , at flowering herbs and bushes , and in trees . it can hunt for insects such as small flies and beetles . the feeding area is often defended by the male . it perches on nearby exposed branches and when a predator or intruder is detected , it utters vocal warning signals , and performs agonistic flights . but sometimes , the feeding territory is too scattered to be well defended . female may exhibit threat behaviour against predators and intruders approaching the nest - site , by performing fly - attacks .
beija - flor - de - garganta - verde - amazilia fimbriata regua , brazil , october 2014 . in 4k resolution with a panasonic lumix gh4 .
rufous & allen ' s hummingbird . the rufous is the one with the rufous back with green spangles .
myavibase allows you to create and manage your own lifelists , and produce useful reports to help you plan your next birding excursion .
there are more than 12 , 000 regional checklists in avibase , offered in 9 different taxonomies , including synonyms more than 175 languages . each checklist can be viewed with photos shared by the birding community , and also printed as pdf checklists for field use .
there are a few ways by which you can help the development of this page , such as joining the flickr group for photos or providing translations of the site in addition languages .
amazilia fimbriata x hylocharis cyanus : andes of w venezuela ( táchira ) . probable hybrid
howard and moore 4th edition ( incl . corrigenda vol . 1 - 2 ) :
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acalyptris pyrenaica is a moth of the nepticulidae family .

it is only known from the pyrenees in spain and the eifel region in germany .

the wingspan is 4-5.6 mm .

the immature stages are unknown , but adults were caught by sweeping grassland vegetation from may to july .

the habitat consists of limestone grassland in the eifel mountains and a mountain pasture in the pyrenees .

acalyptris pyrenaica

laštůvka , a . & laštůvka , z . ( 1993 ) acalyptris pyrenaica sp . n . aus spanien ( lepidoptera : nepticulidae ) . shilap revista de lepidopterologia , 21 ( 83 ) , 157–160 .
nieukerken , e . j . van & biesenbaum , w . ( 1997 ) nachweis von acalyptris pyrenaica laštůvka & laštůvka , 1993 in der nordeifel — ein neufund für deutschland ( lep . , nepticulidae ) . melanargia , 9 ( 1 ) , 1–9 .
diagnosis . a . pyrenaica is characterised by the complete black colour , which separates it from most other european nepticulidae ; it only slightly resembles some parafomoria species , but these usually with at least some white scaling . the male genitalia resemble other species in this group , but a . pyrenaica has a double uncus and simpler , narrow valva .
puplesis , r . ( 1990 ) the genus acalyptris meyrick ( lepidoptera , nepticulidae ) in the ussr : distribution and taxonomy . nota lepidopterologica , 13 ( 1 ) , 62–88 .
puplesis , r . & diškus , a . ( 1995 ) acalyptris argyraspis sp . n . , a remarkable species from tadzhikistan ( lepidoptera : nepticulidae ) . phegea , 23 ( 1 ) , 51–54 .
kuchlein , j . h . ( 2002 ) caryocolum proxima haworth ( lepidoptera : gracillariidae ) [ sic ! ] en acalyptris platani müller - rutz ( lepidoptera : nepticulidae ) nieuw voor de nederlandse fauna . tinea nederland , 1 ( 1 ) , 7 .
enter the name or part of a name you wish to search for . the asterisk character * can be used as wildcard . e . g . ' papilio * ' . keep in mind that the search is only based on the full taxon name .
we are still having problems with the search feature . unfortunately we cannot give a timeline when the advanced search will be fixed .
museum für naturkunde leibniz - institut für evolutions - und biodiversitätsforschung invalidenstr . 43 10115 berlin germany e - mail : fauna - eu ( at ) mfn - berlin . de website : urltoken
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unknown , all adults were taken by sweeping grassland vegetation in may to july . the habitats were limestone grassland in the eifel mountains and a mountain pasture in the pyrenees . the hostplant cannot belong to the plumbaginaceae ; although a species of armeria is present in the type - locality , it does not occur in the german localities .
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website © jim wheeler 2016 - 2018 . nola - x database system © jim wheeler 2018 . - sponsored by urltoken & urltoken
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a taxon identifier is composed of name , author , year and attribute , all separated by a blank . these are all extracted from the original publication .
the name is reproduced exactly as proposed in the original publication . the name of a genus is made up of one word and species made up of two words ( genus and species ) separated by a blank .
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erik j . van nieukerken national museum of natural history , naturalis , po box 9517 , nl–2300 ra leiden , the netherlands .
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